Chemical Engineering Magazine Model 1/99 Issue The January 99 issue of Chemical Engineering Magazine featured an article on Heat

t Transfer in Agitated Vessels. The article included two tables of formulas and an extensive example with complete data. A TK Solver model was created using the formulas and the solutions agree with those in the article. The model is relatively large with 39 lines on the Rule Sheet and 75 lines on the Variable Sheet. Unit conversions were added to make the model more versatile. As is, the model should be useful and save considerable design time. The model could be significantly enhanced, however, by linking it with a physical properties database which would automatically determine the properties at various temperatures. Here is the Variable Sheet:
St Input Name Output Unit Comment Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels Chemical Engineering Magazine January 1999 Jacket type: see choices below 1. Annular jacket, spiral baffling 2. Half-pipe coil jacket 3. Dimple jacket 1 ft Length of coil or jacket passage Baffled vessel? Input 1 for yes or 0 for no. Agitator type: see choices below 1. Flat blade turbine 2. Retreating blade turbine 3. Propeller 4. Paddle 5. Anchor 6. Helical Ribbon Number of agitator blades n/a ft Agitator-ribbon pitch (input for Type 6 only)

Jacket

L 0 2 Baffled Type

Blades i

The Variable Sheet continues on the following page.

St Input 3 3000 45 .7 .42 10

Name D N cp k w NRe NPr hi DT Djo Dji De Dc Ax j C kj j wj Q V W NRej NPrj ho U

Output

10 121500 16.6666667 230.43286

Unit ft rev/hr lbm/ft^3 Btu/lbm-F Btu/hr-ft^2-F/ft lbm/ft-hr lbm/ft-hr

Btu/hr-ft^2-F ft ft ft ft ft ft^2 lbm/ft^3 Btu/lbm-F Btu/hr-ft^2-F/ft lbm/ft-hr lbm/ft-hr ft^3/hr ft/hr lbm/hr

Comment Blade diameter Blade turning speed Density, process fluid Specific heat, process fluid Thermal conductivity, process fluid Viscosity at the bulk fluid temperature Viscosity, wall surface temp. (def. = w) Reynolds Number Prandtl Number Heat transfer coefficient Vessel diameter Vessel jacket OD Vessel jacket ID (by default, Dji = DT) Equivalent diameter Center diameter of jacket Jacket cross-sectional area Density, heat transfer fluid Specific heat, heat transfer fluid Thermal conductivity, heat transfer fluid Viscosity at the bulk fluid temperature Viscosity, wall surface temp. (def. = w) Volumetric flow rate Flow rate Mass flow rate Reynolds Number Prandtl Number Heat transfer coefficient Heat conductance Process fluid entry temperature Process fluid exit temperature Heat transfer fluid entry temperature Heat transfer fluid exit temperature Log mean temperature change Temperature change Volume of process fluid in the tank Mass of fluid within the vessel Intermediate variable Wall area in contact with the process fluid Floor area in contact with the process fluid Total jacket area in contact with fluid Height of the process fluid in the vessel Time to change jacket temp. from t1 to t2

8 8.5

8 1.03125 8.25 6.47953485

62.427 .905 .13 .03

.03

792

122.230996 49442.184 262298.933 .208846154 63.1147645 49.5446547

Btu/hr-ft^2-F Btu/hr-ft^2-F F F F F F F gal lbm ft^2 ft^2 ft^2 ft hr

20 121 130 124

t1 t2 T1 T2 Tlm T vol m kk Aw Af Ak H

-29.706807 -6

3000

18046.875 1.32007199 200.520833 50.2654825 250.786316 7.97847045 2.91480158

The equations are shown both in the Rule Sheet and in two functions:
Rule if given('Type)=0 then call errmsg("You must enter an input for Type.") if Type=2 then Blades = given('Blades,Blades,6) if and(Type=6,given('i)=0) then call errmsg("Type 6 agitator requires an input for variable i.") if and(Type<>6,given('i)=0) then i = "n/a" L = given('L,L,1) ; not required now but it would be if we cover laminar flow ; Heat transfer coefficient for process fluid w = given('w,w,) NRe = D^2*N*/ NPr = cp*/k hi*DT/k = NNui() ; Heat transfer coefficient for jacket geometry with heat transfer fluid wj = given('wj,wj,j) Dji = given('Dji,Dji,DT) De = (Djo^2 - Dji^2)/Dji Dc = (Djo+Dji)/2 Ax = pi()*(Djo^2-Dji^2)/4 V = Q/Ax NRej = De*V*j/j NPrj = C*j/kj ho*De/kj = NNuo() 1/U = 1/hi + 1/ho m = vol* W = Q*j H = vol/Af Aw = pi()*Dji*H Af = pi()*(Dji/2)^2 Ak = Aw+Af T = T2 - T1 Tlm = ((t2-T2) - (t1-T1))/ln((t2-T2)/(t1-T1)) if and(T1>t1,abs(T)>abs(0.10*Tlm)) then = (ln((T1-t1)/(T1-t2)))*m*cp/(W*C)*(kk/(kk-1)) if and(T1>t1,abs(T)<=abs(0.10*Tlm)) then = ln((T1-t1)/(T1-t2))*m*cp/(U*Ak) kk = exp(U*Ak/(W*C)) NGrj = (Djo-Dji)^3*^2*g**tG/j^2

The functions are shown on the following page.

Inside Film Coefficients:

Rule if and(Type=1,Baffled=1,NRe=>400,D/DT=1/3) then NNu = 0.74*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=1,NRe<400,D/DT=1/3) then NNu = 0.54*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=1,Baffled=1,NRe=>400) then NNu = 0.85*NRe^0.66*NPr^0.33*(Z/DT)^-0.56*(D/DT)^0.13*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=1,Baffled=0,NRe=>400) then call errmsg("Baffles recommended for NRe=>400.") if and(Type=2,Baffled=0) then NNu = 0.68*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=2,Baffled=1) then NNu = 0.33*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=2,Baffled=1,Blades<>6) then NNu = 0.37*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.24 ; 3 blades if and(Type=3,Baffled=1) then NNu = 0.54*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.25*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=3,Baffled=0) then call errmsg("Baffles should be used with propellor type agitators.") if and(Type=4,NRe=>4000) then NNu = 0.36*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=4,NRe<4000) then NNu = 0.415*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.24 if and(Type=5,NRe<300) then NNu = NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.18 if and(Type=5,NRe=>300,NRe<4000) then NNu = 0.33*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.18 if and(Type=5,NRe=>4000) then NNu = 0.55*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.25*(/w)^0.14 if and(Type=6,NRe<130) then NNu = 0.248*NRe^0.50*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14*((DT-D)/2/D)^-0.22*(i/D)^-0.28 if and(Type=6,NRe=>130) then NNu = 0.238*NRe^0.67*NPr^0.33*(/w)^0.14*(i/D)^-0.28

Outside Film Coefficients:

Rule x1 = 0.027*NRej^0.8*NPrj^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14*(1+3.5*De/Dc) x2 = 1.86*(NRej*NPrj*(De/L))^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14 if and(Jacket=1,NRej=>10000) then NNu = x1 if and(Jacket=1,Baffled=1,NRej<=2100) then NNu = x2 if and(Jacket=1,Baffled=1,2100<NRej,NRej<10000) then NNu=(NRej-2100)/7900*(x1-x2)+x2 if and(Jacket=1,Baffled=0,NRej<=10000) then call errmsg("Laminar Flow is not covered in this model.") if and(Jacket=2,NRej<2100) then NNu = 1.86*(NRej*NPrj*(De/L))^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14 x3 = 0.027*NRej^0.2*NPrj^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14*(1+3.5*De/Dc) if and(Jacket=2,NRej>10000) then NNu = x3 if and(Jacket=2,NRej=>2100,NRej<=10000) then NNu = (NRej-2100)/7900*(x3-x2)+x2 if and(Jacket=3,NRej<2100) then NNu = x2 x4 = 0.27*NRej^0.2*NPrj^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14*(1+3.5*De/Dc) if and(Jacket=3,NRe>10000) then NNu = 0.27*NRej^0.8*NPr^0.33*(j/wj)^0.14 if and(Jacket=3,NRej=>2100,NRej<=10000) then NNu = (NRej-2100)/7900*(x4-x2)+x2