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Dr.AsmaaModdather
SoilMechanicsandFoundations FacultyofEngineering CairoUniversity
FALL2012
D fi Soil Define: S il
y Naturally occuring particulate material y Formed, F d directly di l or indirectly, i di l from f solid lid rocks k (i.e. (i
weathering) y Composition of soil particles depends on composition of parent rock y The void space between the particles contain water and/or d/ air i
A li ti Applications
y EngineerusestheSOILtobuild:
y Onit:e.g. e g buildings y Init:e.g.tunnels y Withit;e.g.earthdams
E Example: l Tunnel T l
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
E Example: l Failure F il
Das, B.M. (2008), Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Thomson Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. students with the basics of Soil Mechanics. Mechanics Lectures will focus on describing the nature and behavior of soils.
y Grading:
Assignments: y There Th will ill be b approximately i l seven (7) ( ) assignments. i y Assignments shall be handed out in the tutorial sessions. y Assignments A i t must t be b submitted b itt d in i person the th week k following end of class discussion of the topic. y Grades for late assignments shall be reduced by 25%. 25% y No excuses shall be given for late submittals without a written request q and approval. pp Therewillbeapproximatelyseven(7)quizzes. Onemidtermwillbegivenduringthesemester. Afinalexamwillbegiveninthescheduledfinal examperiod. Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012
y Quizzes: y Exams:
www.egypteducation.org
Course: SoilMechanics Fall2012 Home Courses CairoUniversity FacultyofEngineering CreditHourProgram ConstructionEngineeringandManagement SoilMechanics Fall2012 Enrol.Key: PBWN302
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012
D fi iti Definitions
y Soil:
is any accumulation of mineral particles formed by the
weathering of rocks, the void space between the particles containing water and/or air. air
y Soil Mechanics:
the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected yp of forces to various types
S ilformation Soil f ti
y Residual soil:
original location. the products of rock weathering remain at their
y Transported soil:
S ilformation Soil f ti
y Weathering by mechanical or chemical processes y Mechanical by contraction and expansion of rock, erosion by wind or
S ilformation Soil f ti
y Chemical:
results in changes in the mineral form of the parent rock
S ilformation Soil f ti
y Mostclaymineralparticlesareofplatelike
Dispersed
Flocculated
PHASE DIAGRAM
Solid
Soil sample
Voids
Phase g diagram
Ph diagram Phase di
Air Water
Solid
Volumes
Weights
Ph diagram Phase di
Vs=Volumeofsolids Vv=volumeofvoids Vw =volumeofwater Va =volumeofair V T =totalvolume=Vs +Vw+ Va =Vs +Vv Ws=weightofsolids Ww =weightofwater Wa =weightofair=0 Solid WT =totalweight g =Ws +Ww Volumes l W i h Weights Air Water
Ph diagram Phase di
w=Densityofwater=1.0t/m3=1.0gm/cm3 =10.0kN/m3 w=Ww/Vw Ww =wVw s =Densityofsolids=Ws/Vs =2.5 2.8t/m3 Gs=specificgravity=s /w Air Ws =s Vs= Gsw Vs ex., s =2.70t/m t/ 3 Gs =2.70/1.0=2.70 ex., s =26.5kN/m3 Gs =26.5/10.0=2.65 Volumes Weights Water S lid Solid
Ph diagram Phase di
Ratios:
e =voidratio=
S=degreeofsaturation= Volumes CouldS beequaltozero?Yes C ldS be Could b equal lto1.0? ?Yes Y CouldS begreaterthan1.0?No
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012
Weights
Ph diagram Phase di
Ratios:
n=porosity=
Volumes
Weights
Ph diagram Phase di
Densities:
d =dryunitweight= V l Volumes wet =wet(bulk)unitweight== W
s
+ W VT
+ wV v VT
sub =submergedunitweight=sat w
Laboratory Measurements
Howtomeasuresoilwatercontent?
1. 2. 3. 3
Howtomeasuretotalvolumeofsoilsample(V T)?Byeither:
1.
2.
Coverthesamplewithwax,thensubmergeitincontainerfullofwater. Measureweightofdisplacedwater(Ww).V T +Vwax =Ww/w. peelthewax, ,andget g Wwax,andcalculateVwax =Wwax/wax.Thusg get Thenp V T.
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012
Given:w, w Gs,andS. S
AssumeWs =1
w= Ww Ww = Ws 1 Vs = Ws
Air
w/w
W s = s Vs Gs =
w/wS
s w
Water Solid
s = Gs w
1/Gsw
Ws 1 = Vs = G s w Gs w
Volumes
Weights
w =
S=
Ww Vw
Vw = Vv =
Ww
w
Cangete,n,d
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012
Vw Vv
Vw w = S S w
Air
e eS
Water Solid
weS
Gsw
Cangetw,n,d
Volumes
Weights