UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level PAKISTAN STUDIES Paper 2 May/June 2004 1 hour

30 minutes
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

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READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer any three questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3.

This document consists of 9 printed pages, 3 blank pages and an insert.

SPA (KN) S60232/2 UCLES 2004

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2 The Environment of Pakistan

(a) The sketch cross-section, Fig. 1, shows the main physical features, A to D, of a typical doab. A Doab

Metres above river level +16 +12 +8 +4 0 0 15 30 45 60 kilometres Fig. 1 75 90 105 River A B C D C B A River

+16 +12 +8 +4 0 120

For each of the following, give the name of the physical feature and describe its main physical characteristics: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) A, B, C, D. [3] [3] [2] [2]

(b) Compare the natural topographical and drainage features of the Upper Indus Plain with those of the Lower Indus Plain. [6] (c) Barrages have resulted in changes in both the Upper and Lower Indus Plains. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Name an example of a barrage. Compare the height and length of a barrage with those of a major dam like Tarbela. What is the main purpose of a barrage and how is this purpose achieved? [1] [2] [3]

Briefly describe the changes that have taken place in the land use of the Lower Indus Plain as a result of building barrages. [3]

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3 2 (a) Study Fig. 2.

64E 72E A

B
N

E Morga

Mahmud Kot C D Key International boundary Provincial boundary Rivers Mountain range Plateau Desert Oilfields Oil refinery

Hab 0 km 200 Karachi

Arabian Sea

Fig. 2 On your answer paper, (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) state the number of degrees East of longitude A, name the mountain range B, name the plateau C, name the desert D, name country E. [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

(b) Study Fig. 2. (i) (ii)

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Describe the distribution of oilfields. Describe and explain the distribution of oil refineries.
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[2] [4] [Turn over

4 (c) Study Fig. 3, which shows the amount spent by Pakistan on importing petroleum and petroleum products from 1991 to 2002. Cost of Imports of Petroleum and Petroleum Products million rupees 200 000 190 000 180 000 170 000 160 000 150 000 140 000 130 000 120 000 110 000 100 000 90 000 80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 million rupees 200 000 190 000 180 000 170 000 160 000 150 000 140 000 130 000 120 000 110 000 100 000 90 000 80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0

Year ending in June Fig. 3 Describe the trends in the cost of petroleum and petroleum products imports shown on Fig. 3. [3] (d) (i) (ii) Explain in detail why it is necessary for Pakistan to import so much petroleum (crude oil) even though petroleum is produced in Pakistan. [7] What problems are caused for Pakistan because so much is spent on importing petroleum? [4]
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5 3 (a) Study Photograph A (insert) which shows part of a fish farm at Faiz, south of Multan. (i) (ii) (iii) Describe the lay-out and features of the fish farm. How has the physical topography of the area made it easy to construct the ponds? [4] [3]

Where has the material come from that has been used to make the banks of the ponds? [1]

(b) Why is fish farming of growing importance in Pakistan? Credit will be given if you name a species of fresh water fish reared on fish farms. [4] (c) Study Photographs B and C (insert) which show parts of one of the many buffalo farms in the area of Karachi called Buffalo (Cattle Colony). (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) How can you tell from Photograph B that this is a dairy farm? [1]

Describe the shelter shown on Photograph C, also marked X on Photograph B, and suggest why such shelters are needed for the buffalo. [4] Why is a large supply of water necessary for this farm? [2]

No fodder crops are grown on this farm. How are farms like this supplied with food for the buffalo? [2] [4]

(d) Explain the importance of the buffalo farms of Buffalo to Karachi.

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6 4 (a) The sketch map, Fig. 4, gives some information about the Warsak Dam. Warsak Dam Mohmand Tribal Area
s t e e p mo u n

Reservoir
st e e p

road
tai

ns

id e

River in gorge

Bridge

Da

un

Intake pipes

Ko h

ion tu Irrigat

nnel

Ra ng e

tain s
id e

Sa

Khyber Tribal Area (Not to scale) Fig. 4 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Name the river across which the Warsak dam was built. Using Fig. 4 and your own knowledge, explain why this is a good site for a dam. [1] [5]

Using Fig. 4 and your own knowledge, explain why it was so expensive to build the dam and power station and to provide irrigation water. [3] Name the farming area served by irrigation water from the Warsak reservoir. [1]

How is electricity produced in power stations such as Warsak and how is it transmitted to cities like Peshawar? [5]

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fe

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Irr
n ti o ig a el n

Hydel Power Station

road to workers settlement and Peshawar

tun

7 (b) Read the following extract from Dawn Economic and Business Review, 1st April 2002. The reasons for the high cost of production which damage industry are many. They include the high cost of power, frequent break downs at the power stations and the unsteady supply of electricity from them. (i) Give three reasons for the high cost of power from thermal power stations in Pakistan. [3] Suggest one reason why power stations frequently break down. [1]

(ii) (iii) (iv)

Other than the frequent break downs at the power stations, why is the supply of power unsteady? [2] How may factories try to overcome the problem of unreliable electricity supply from the national grid? Why is it important for them to do so? [4]

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8 5 (a) Study Fig. 5. Proportion of workforce in each sector of industry

Fig. 5 Fig. 5 shows the proportions of the labour force of Pakistan working in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of industry. Which of these three sectors is labelled (i) (ii) Y, Z? [1] [1]

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9 (b) Study Fig. 6. Proportion of workforce in Pakistans main categories of employment

Key 6 5 7 1 Agriculture 2 Finance and Social Services 3 Wholesale and Retail Trade 1 4 Manufacturing including Mining and Quarrying 5 Construction 6 Transport 2 7 Others

Fig. 6 (i) (ii) Which of these categories of employment has all its workforce in the primary sector of industry? [1] How many of the categories of employment given are in the tertiary sector of industry? [1] Give four reasons why so many people work in agriculture. [4]

(c) (i) (ii) (iii)

Why has the percentage of the labour force working in agriculture declined steadily in recent years? [6] Why has the percentage of the workforce working in tertiary industries increased steadily in recent years? [6]

(d) Attempts are being made to improve the standard of literacy in Pakistan. Explain why this is vital for the development of all three sectors of industry. [5]

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Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2. Question 4. Photographs. Oxford University Press (Pakistan). Dawn Economic and Business Review. Mr. R. Strutt.

The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any we will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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