MEMBERS OF RAILWAY BOARD Minister for Railways Minister of State for Railways Minister of State for Railways Chairman

Railway Board Member Electrical Member Engineering Member Traffic Kul Bhushan S.K. Jain Shri Mallikarjun Kharge Shri K. J. Surya Prakash Reddy Shri Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury Arunendra Kumar (L/A) Member Staff Member Mechanical S.K. Jain (L/A) Arunendra Kumar Rajendra Kashyap (L/A) SERVICE IRSE IRSE IRSE IRSME IRSME IRSEE IRSME IRTS IRSE IRSSE IRSE IRSE IRSME IRSME IRSE IRSEE IRSE IRSS IRSME IRSE IRTS IRSME

Kul Bhushan (L/A) Financial Commissioner GM/ CAO/ DIR. B P KHARE (L/A) G C AGARWAL V K GUPTA K K ATAL R S VIRDI R K SINGH RAKESH MISHRA D P PANDE G C AGARWAL (L/A) R C AGGARWAL (L/A) RADHEY SHYAM B P KHARE RAKESH MISHRA (L/A) B N RAJASEKHAR RAJEEV BHARGAVA JAGDEV KALIA RADHEY SHYAM (L/A) V RAMACHANDRAN PRAMOD KUMAR MADHURESH KUMAR INDRA GHOSH ALOK JOHRI

RLY UNIT CENTRAL EASTERN NORTHERN NORTH EASTERN NF N F (CONS.) SOUTHERN SOUTH CENTRAL SOUTH EASTERN WESTERN CLW DLW ICF RCF RAIL WHEEL FACTORY CORE / ALD METRO / KOLKATA RDSO / LKO NAIR / VADODARA EAST CENTRAL EAST COAST NORTH CENTRAL

NORTH WESTERN SOUTH EAST CENTRAL SOUTH WESTERN WEST CENTRAL COFMOW (CAO/R) DMW (CAO/R)

R C AGARWAL INDRA GHOSH (L/A) A K MITTAL S V ARYA P K AGARWAL HAG A K Kansal HAG

IRSSE IRTS IRSS IRTS IRSME IRSME IRSEE IRSME IRSE IRSSE IRTS IRSME

IRIEEN / NASIK IRIMEE / JAMALPUR IRICEN / PUNE IRISET / SEC. IRITM / LKO CAMTECH /GWALIOR

M K JAIN, HAG S K PATHAK, HAG C P TAYAL, HAG SATYENDRA KUMAR, HAG Ms.ASHIMA SINGH, HAG A R TUPE, ED / SAG

Each House of the Parliament of India has a Leader of the Opposition. While the position also existed in the former Central Legislative Assembly of British India, and holders of it there included Motilal Nehru, it got statutory recognition through the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 which defines the term Leader of the Opposition' as that member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha who, for the time being, is the Leader of that House of the Party in Opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and recognized, as such, by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha or the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.[1][2] The post also carries weight-age of cabinet minister and is seen comparable to prime minister who is leader of ruling party. List of Leaders of the Opposition in Lok Sabha Name Party Term A. K. Gopalan Communist Party of India 19521967 [citation needed] N. G. Ranga Swatantra Party 19671969 Ram Subhag Singh Indian National Congress (Organisation) 19691977 Y B Chavan Indian National Congress 19771980 P. Upendra Telugu Desam Party 19841989 Rajiv Gandhi Indian National Congress 19891991 Lal Krishna Advani Bharatiya Janata Party 19911993 Atal Bihari Vajpayee Bharatiya Janata Party 19931996 Sonia Gandhi Indian National Congress 19982004 Lal Krishna Advani Bharatiya Janata Party 20042009 Sushma Swaraj Bharatiya Janata Party 2009Present

List of Leaders of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha In Rajya Sabha until 1969, there was no Leader of the Opposition in real sense of the term. Till then, the practice was to call the Leader of the party in Opposition having the largest number of the members as the Leader of the Opposition, without according him any formal recognition, status or privilege. The office of Leader of the Opposition was given official recognition through the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of the Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977. This Act defines the Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha, as a member of the Council of States who is, for the time being, the Leader in that House of the party in opposition to the Government constituting the greatest numerical strength and recognized as such by the Chairman of the Council of States. Thus, the Leader of the Opposition should satisfy three conditions, namely, (i) he should be a member of the House (ii) the Leader in Rajya Sabha of the party in opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and (iii) be recognized as such by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha. Following members have been the Leaders of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha.[3] Name Party Term 1 Shyam Nandan Mishra Other December 1969 - March 1971 2 M. S. Gurupadaswamy Other March 1971 - April 1972 3 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress March 30, 1977 - February 15, 1978 4 Bhola Paswan Shastri Indian National Congress (O) February 24, 1978 - March 23, 1978 5 Kamalapati Tripathi Indian National Congress March 23, 1978 - January 8, 1980 6 Lal Krishna Advani Bharatiya Jan Sangh January 21, 1980 - April 7, 1980 7 P Shiv Shankar Indian National Congress December 18, 1989 8 M. S. Gurupadaswamy Other June 28, 1991 - July 21, 1991 9 S. Jaipal Reddy Congress Rebel July 22, 1991 - June 29, 1992 10 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party July 7, 1992 - May 23, 1996 11 Shankarrao Chavan Indian National Congress May 23, 1996 - June 1, 1996 12 Sikander Bakht Bharatiya Janata Party June 1, 1996 - March 19, 1998 13 Dr. Manmohan Singh Indian National Congress March 21, 1998 - May 21, 2004 14 Jaswant Singh Bharatiya Janata Party June 3, 2004 - 16 May 2009 15 Arun Jaitley Bharatiya Janta Party June 3, 2009 present

S. NO 1 2 3 4 5

State and U.T.

Chief Minister

Governor Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Bhopinder Singh, PVSM, AVSM Shri. E. S. L. Narasimhan Nirbhay Sharma Janaki Ballabh Patnaik D. Y. Patil

Andaman & Nicobar U.T. Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy Nabam Tuki Shri Tarun Gogoi Shri Nitish Kumar

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland New Delhi Orissa Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Lakshadweep

U.T. Dr. Raman Singh Shri Manohar Parrikar Shri Narendra Modi Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda Virbhadra Singh Omar Abdullah President's rule Shri K. Siddaramaiah Shri Oommen Chandy Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Shri Prithviraj Chavan Shri Okram Ibobi Singh Mukul Sangma Pu Lalthanhawla Shri Neiphiu Rio Smt Sheila Dikshit Sh. Naveen Patnaik Shri N. Rangasamy Shri Ashok Gehlot Shri Pawan Kumar Chamling Sushree J. Jayalalithaa Shri Manik Sarkar Akhilesh Yadav Vijay Bahuguna Km. Mamata Banerjee U.T. U.T. U.T.

Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator) Shri Shekhar Dutt Shri Bharat Vir Wanchoo Dr. Kamla Beniwal Shri Jagannath Pahadia Urmila Singh Narinder Nath Vohra Dr. Syed Ahmed Hansraj Bhardwaj Shri Nikhil Kumar Ram Naresh Yadav K. Sankaranarayanan Sh. Gurbachan Jagat Sh. Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary Shri Vakkom Purushothaman Shri Ashwani Kumar Mr. Tejendra Khanna Shri S. C. Jamir Sh. Iqbal Singh Smt. Margaret Alva Sh. Balmiki Prasad Singh Konijeti Rosaiah Shri Devanand Konwar Shri Banwari Lal Joshi Aziz Qureshi Shri M. K Narayanan Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator) Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator) Shri H. Rajesh Prasad

Shri Parkash Singh Badal Shri Shivraj Patil

Dr. Rahul Khullar Chairman Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.Dr. Rahul Khullar joined Telecom Regulatory Authority of India as Chairman on 14thMay 2012. Prior to joining TRAI, he was Commerce Secretary in Ministry of commerce and industry, Government of India. He also served as Secretary, department of Disinvestment, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.

BBNL Board composition is as under:1. 2. 3. 4. CMD - Shri N. Ravi Shanker Director(Planning) - Shri P. K. Agarwal Director(Operation) - Shri A. K. Bhargava Director(Finance) - Smt Arundati Panda Q1: What is the National Optical Fibre Network?

Ans: Government of India has approved on 25-10-2011 the setting up of National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN) to provide connectivity to all the 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats(GPs) in the country. This would ensure broadband connectivity with adequate bandwidth. This is to be achieved utilizing the existing optical fiber and extending it to the Gram Panchayats. What is BBNL? Ans: Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL), is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), set up by the Government of India for the Establishment, Management and Operation of NOFN. BBNL has been incorporated as a Public Sector Undertaking(PSU)/ Company under Companies Act(1956). BBNL was incorporated on 25/02/2012. What benefit will I get from NOFN?

Ans: NOFN has the potential to transform many aspects of our lives including video, data, internet, telephone services in areas such as education, business, entertainment, environment, health households and e-governance services. These services will be offered by TSPs/ISPs.

Q5: What is the Government policy for driving National Broadband?

Ans:The National Telecom Policy (NTP) 2012 states the following:

Affordable and reliable broadband on demand by 2015.

Target of 175 Million Connection by 2017. Target of 600 Million Connection by 2020 at minimum 2 mbps speed and higher speed upto 100 mbps on demand. Recognise Telecom and BB connectivity as a basic necessity like education and health and work towards, " Right to Broadband". Synergy between existing on-going and future Government programs viz e-Gov, ePanchayat, MGNREGA, NKN, Aakash, etc. and Broadband roll-out and sharing of infrastructure. Q9: What are the different technologies being used? Ans: GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology will be used for NOFN Project. GPON is an open standard technology. Q10: What is GPON technology? Ans: GPON is known as Gigabit Passive Optical Network technology. A Passive Optical Network (PON) is a network architecture that brings fiber cabling and signals to the home using a point-to-multipoint scheme that enables a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. Encryption maintains data security in this shared environment. The architecture uses passive (unpowered) optical splitters, reducing the cost of equipment compared to point-to-point architectures.

The GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) standard differs from other PON standards in that it achieves higher bandwidth and higher efficiency using larger, variable-length packets. GPON offers efficient packaging of user traffic, with frame segmentation allowing higher quality of service (QoS) for delay-sensitive voice and video communications traffic.
Print Q11: What is OLT in GPON Technology?

Ans: OLT is known as Optical Line Termintion which is the Centre office terminal used in GPON technology. Print Q15: Which Institutions Agencies are associated with NOFN Project implementation?

Ans: BSNL, RailTel, PGCIL, C-DOT, TCIL and NIC are working with BBNL on the NOFN Project. The funding of the project is from USOF. Print Q13: How much of incremental Fibre is to be laid as part of NOFN?

Ans: It has been estimated that incremental OFC of 2km/Gram Panchayat has to be laid. Thus a total of 5,00,000 km of OFC are likely to be laid under NOFN. Print

Q12: What are ONTONU in GPON technology?

Ans: ONT/ONU are known as Optical Network Termination and Optical Network Unit used at user premises....

Head of DOT 1. Minister of communication and information technology : Kapil Sibbal 2. Minister of state communication and information technology : Shri. Milind Murli

Deora(Mumbai-South)
3. Minister of state communication and information technology : Dr. (Smt.) Kruparani Killi (A.P)