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Proceedings of the First Makassar International Conference on Civil Engineering (MICCE2010), March 9-10, 2010, ISB 978-602-95227-0-9

STUDY O THE BEHAVIOUR OF PRECAST BEAM COLUM JOI T USI G STEEL PLATE CO ECTIO (JPSP)

H. Parung 1, R. Irmawaty 2, Ricko 3, A. Mappanyukki 4 and Sudirman

Abstract: Joint beam column connection is the most critical part for a structure subjected to earthquake loading. This part should be designed such that any possible failure can be prevented. For a cast in situ structure, any failure in this joint can be prevented if all requirements in the design code are obeyed. For pre-cast construction, structural failure usually occurs at the beam-column connection. The research aimed at studying the strength of precast beam-column joint using steel plate as connector (JPSP Joint Pracetak Sambungan Plat). The precast joints were then connected to precast beams and columns which formed beam-column sub-assemblages for both joint exterior and interior joints. The beam-column sub-assemblages were then tested in the laboratory using monotonic and cyclic loading procedure. Two samples (1 exterior and 1 interior joint) of JPSP were tested and their strength was compared with the strength of the equivalent monolit construction. The research reveals that no significant failures are observed at the core of the joints, where the reinforcing bars of the columns were connected to the bars of the joints by means of welding. Failures / cracks of the joints initiated and concentrated at the junction between the concrete grouting and the precast beam, approximately at the distance equals to the height of beam research is still required in order to obtain the response of the construction to simultaneous gravity and horizontal loads.

INTRODUCTION It is widely known that precast construction has several advantages in comparison with conventional construction, so the use of the precast construction increases in the last years. The research presebted in this paper deals with the combination of precast joint (JPSP) and precast beams/columns. All elements of the structure were precasted, and connected together before subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The strength and the behavior of the JPSP are compared with those of the conventional structure.

Connection Joints, beams and columns were precasted, in which the beam divided into 2 segments. One segment becomes part of the joint, and the other segment will be connected later to the joints using JPSP. The beams segements were connected using bolts, as shown in Figure 1.

P-shape connection

METHODOLOGY There were four samples tested in the laboratory, cosnsisted of 2 samples for precast construction and 2 samples for conventional structures (monolith construction).

Figure 1 Connection of elements

Professor, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA Lecturer, Hasanuddin Universtity, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA 3 Student, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA 4 Student, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA
2

105

Load Frame

dU

dT dM

dM

dT

dU

sample

Dial

Figure 2. Dimension of sample Figure 3. Test Set-up

Method for connecting the precast elements a. Columns, beams and joints were prefabricated. The core of the joint is left without concrete, Four holes at each beam were provided.. b. Precast columns (top and bottom parts) were connected to the rebars of the core of the joint by means of welding. After connected with the weld, the holes weas grouted. c. The precast beam was connected to the joint using bolts to form beam-column subassemblages just before subjected to loading. Design of samples Due to the limitation of the test frame capacity, the size of the beams and columns were limited, as presented in Table 1. Table 1. Dimension of Beams and Columns Description Beam Column Width (B) Height (H) Concrete cover (d) (fc) length (L) 200 mm 250 mm 40 mm 20 MPa 1050 mm 250 mm 250 mm 40 mm 20 MPa 1500 mm

TEST PROCEDURE Interior Joint To obtain as much data as possible, the beam column subassembblages were tested in two directions. After beam in x direction tested, the sample was turned 90o and then tested again. The load applied in rwo ways, namely monotonic one and two-direction.
Pleft hinge Pright

hinge

Figure 4. Monotonic one-direction loading

106

Pleft

hinge

c.

Monotonic Two-direction Eksterior Table 4. Monotonic Two-Direction Exterior Pmax (kN) No Samples Left Right

Pright hinge

1 2

Monolith Exterior JPSP Exterior

ME JPSP-E

14 22

14 26

Figure 5. Monotonic two-direction loading d. Exterior Joint Table 5. Maximum Cyclic Load The exterior joints were loaded in two ways, namely monotonic two-way and cyclic loading. Please not ethat the cyclic loading applied using 2 actuators which operated alternately from 2 directions. Pmax (kN) No Samples Left 1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Maximum Load a. One-direction Monotonic Loading Interior The load was applied with 100 kg increment until the sample reached its maximum capacity. Table 2. Maximum Loads for interior joints (one direction loading)
Pmax (kN) No Test samples Left 1 2 Monolith Interior JPSP Interior MI JPSP-I 8 16 Right 6 18

Cyclic Loading, Exterior

Right 12 13

Monolith Exterior JPSP Exterior

ME JPSP-E

13 13

Crack Patterns The crack patterns were observed throughout the application of loading. a. Monolith Construction Figure 6 shows the crack patterns for the monolith construction. In general, it can be seen that the cracks initiated at the beam ends.

b.

Two-direction Monotonic Loading Interior Table 3 shows the maximum loading applied for the interior joints. Table 3. Maximum loads for interior joints (twodirection loading)
Pmax (kN) No Test samples Left 1 2 Monolith Interior JPSP Interior MI JPSL-I 17 16 Right 28 25

(a) Front beam

(b) Rear beam Figure 6 Crack patterns of monolith construction b. Precat Construction (JPSP) a. Beban 2 arah (sisi B kiri dan Ckanan) For the precast construction, similar crack patterns with the monolith construction were observed at the initial phase of loading.

107

At the subsequent loading, the cracks concentrated at the junction between the grouted joints and the beams. This shows that the bonding between the old and new concrete failed, although a special bonding agent was used before grouting of the core of the joint. Further loading resulted in the failure of the beam ends (the tongue), as shown in the Figure 7.

a. Cyclic Loading

(a) Front beam

Figure 9 Load-displacement diagrams of monolith and precast exterior joints under cyclic loading The figure shows that under cyclic loading, the displacement for JPSP is higher than monolith construction. Monolith and JPSL Interior a. Two-direction loading Pleft

(b) Rear beam Figure 7 Crack patterns of JPSP Load-Displacement Relationship Monolith and JPSP Exterior a. Two-direction loading

Figure 8 Load-displacement diagrams of Monolith and JPSP Exterior Figure 8 shows that the strength and the stiffness of the JPSP are lower than those of the monolith construction. This may be contributed to the fact that the tongue of the connection and the bonding between the old and new concrete failed. 108

Figure 10Load-displacement diagrams of interior monolith and JPSP under two-direction loading

b.

One-direction loading ASTM. 1993. Concrete and Material, Annual Book of ASTM Standart Vol.04.02. Philadelpia. Bayzoni. (2001). Analisis Eksperimental Exterior BeamColumn Joint Pracetak. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Gideon H Kusuma (1993). Desain Struktur Rangka Beton Bertulang di Daerah rawan Gempa. Erlangga,Jakarta. Hawkins, Neil M., Ghosh, SK. Proposed Revisions to 1997 EHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for Precast Concrete Structures.Online. (http://www.pci.org/pdf/publications/journal/2000 / september-october/jl-00-september-october6.pdf). Diakses 26 Oktober 2007 Kamaluddin. (1998). Studi Eksperimental Perilaku Rangkaian Balok-Kolom Beton Pracetak Kinerja Tinggi. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Maryoko Hadi (2003) Kajian Eksperimental Perilaku Sistem Struktur Beton Pracetak Terhadap Beban Quasi Statik Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Neville, A.M., Brooks, J.J. 1987. Concrete Technologi. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Nono R. (2001). Sifat dan Perilaku Sambungan BalokKolom Elemen Pracetak Dibawah Beban Siklik. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Onur Estas dkk (2006).Ductile Connection in Precast Concrete Momen Resisting Frame. Park, R., and Paulay, T., 1975. Reinforced in Concrete Design. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Paulay, T., Priestley, M.J.N. 1992. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Building. John Wiley & Sons. Rudi Herawan. (2001) Studi Eksperimental Perilaku Sambungan Balok-Kolom Pracetak Beton Agregat Kasar Ringan. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Syarif, BP, 2008 : Kajian Eksperimental Balok Kolom Eksterior Menggunakan Balok Beton Pracetak dan Kolom Baja Profil Kotak, Pascasarjana Unhas SNI03-2847-2002(2002). Tata Cara Perhitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan Gedung. Depkimpraswil Widodo. (2007). Peran Penting Beam Column Joint : Studi Kasus Kerusakan Bangunan Bertingkat Akibat Gempa Yokyakarta 27 Mei 2006. Prosiding Seminar Nasional III, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. ITS. Surabaya. 109

Figure 11 Load-displacement diagrams of interior monolith and JPSP under one-direction loading

CONCLUDING REMARKS 1. In general, the type of cracks for both precast and monolith construction are similar, namely flexural cracks. The cracks initiated at the connection between the precast and the grouted segments. The strength of the JPSP is higher than the strength of the monolith construction. This can also be seen from the lower deflection for JPSP. There is no sign of failures at the core of the joint, where the precast columns connected using welding before grouted. Cracks at the outer parts can be reduced by using better material for bonding.

2.

3.

REFERENCES ACI Committee 318-89,(1989) Building Code Requirements for Reinforce Concrete (ACt 31889) .Illionis. American Standard for Testing and Material. Annual Book of ASTM. Concrete and Aggregates. Volume 04.02. US and Canada. 2003 Andi Sangga Prasetia (2002). Analisis Perilaku Perbaikan Sambungan Balok-Kolom Eksternal Dibawah Beban Siklis Dengan Menggunakan Metode Pre-packed Aggregate Concrete. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung. Ardi Prihartanto & Era T. Rosenov Hutagalung, dkk (2005) Kajian Eksperimental Perbaikan Joint Balok-Kolom Eksterior dengan Metode Beton Prepack Polimer. Unikom Digital Library. ITB. Bandung

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ISSN:

1693-6264.

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