Conductor sizing and protection o Conductor sizing: methodology and definition o Overcurrent protection principles o Practical values for

a protective scheme o Location of protective devices o Conductors in parallel Practical method for determining the smallest allowable cross-sectional area of circuit conductors o General method for cable sizing o Recommended simplified approach for cable sizing o Busbar trunking systems Determination of voltage drop o Maximum voltage drop limit o Calculation of voltage drop in steady load conditions Short-circuit current o Short-circuit current at the secondary terminals of a MV/LV distribution transformer o 3-phase short-circuit current (Isc) at any point within a LV installation o Isc at the receiving end of a feeder as a function of the Isc at its sending end Particular cases of short-circuit current o Calculation of minimum levels of short-circuit current o Verification of the withstand capabilities of cables under short-circuit conditions Protective earthing conductor o Connection and choice for protective earthing conductor o Sizing of protective earthing conductor o Protective conductor between MV/LV transformer and the main general distribution board (MGDB) o Equipotential conductor The neutral conductor o Sizing the neutral conductor o Protection of the neutral conductor o Breaking of the neutral conductor o Isolation of the neutral conductor

BY its very nature, electricity is as dangerous a substance as anyone can work with. When adjacent cables carrying threephase power currents suffer a short circuit fault, the induced magnetic fields result in the cables experiencing significant opposing forces. If the cables are incorrectly or poorly restrained, the opposing forces can free them from their restraints, resulting in costly damage to cables and cable management systems; it can also result in expensive production down time and risk to life. A video showing the dramatic, damaging effects of short circuit faults is available from IPD Industrial Products. In addition to the possible risks of short circuit faults, the video also illustrates the extensive testing done by the company to ensure complete protection from faults. Cable cleats are designed to fix, retain and support cables. Correctly selected and applied cleats will contain cables in the event of a fault, and will enable the circuit to be restored once the fault has been repaired. Selection of a correct cleat begins during the design of a project: the force between cables is calculated to determine the cleat type and strength required. A number of other factors then need to be taken into account, including physical performance, mounting surface, installation space and the environment in which the installation will operate. Only when these have all been considered can a project designer be confident in specifying the correct cleats for an installation. The recent introduction of IEC61914:2009 Cable Cleats for Electrical Installations was a huge boost for Ellis Patents, the world-leading manufacturer of cable cleats. The companys products are used extensively in offshore and onshore environments and all are comprehensively tested and certified by third parties.

In Australia and New Zealand, Ellis cable cleats are managed exclusively by IPD. The company can also provide complete technical support and product application engineering solutions. More information can be found on the IPD