Child Welfare Outcomes 2008-2011

Report to Congress

SAFETY PERMANENCY WELL-BEING

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Childrens Bureau

This report was prepared by the Childrens Bureau (ACYF, ACF) of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Assistance was provided by ICF International
(Contract Order # HHSP23320110015YC).

This report is also available on the

Childrens Bureau website at the following address:
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/cwo-08-11
For more information contact info@childwelfare.gov

Child Welfare Outcomes

20082011

Report to Congress

SAFETY PERMANENCY WELL-BEING

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Childrens Bureau

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. i

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO THE CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES, DATA, AND ANALYSIS......................... 1
CHAPTER II: KEEPING CHILDREN SAFE ......................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER III: FINDING PERMANENT HOMES FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE ......................................... 11
CHAPTER IV: ACHIEVING TIMELY REUNIFICATIONS AND ADOPTIONS FOR CHILDREN
IN FOSTER CARE ................................................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER V: ACHIEVING STABLE AND APPROPRIATE PLACEMENT SETTINGS FOR CHILDREN
IN FOSTER CARE ................................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER VI: STATE PERFORMANCE RELEVANT TO THE SEVEN NATIONAL CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES
(STATE DATA PAGES) ............................................................................................................................. 31
APPENDICES A. ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997 (PUBLIC LAW 105-89) ................................................ A-1
B. CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES REPORT: OUTCOMES AND MEASURES .................................................. B-1
C. CASEWORKER VISITS ........................................................................................................................... C-1
D. CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES REPORT: DATA SOURCES AND DATA ELEMENTS ................................... D-1
E. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2011: SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS ............................................................... E-1
F. THE AFCARS REPORT (PRELIMINARY FY 2011 ESTIMATES AS OF JULY 2012 [19]) ................................ F-1

Executive Summary

The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports are created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (the Department) to meet requirements of section 203(a) of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA).1 ASFA created section 479A of the Social Security Act (the Act) to require an annual report that assesses state performance in operating child protection and child welfare programs under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act. Child Welfare Outcomes 1998 was the first report created in the Child Welfare Outcomes series of reports. The present report, Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011, is the twelfth report since the series inception. The reports provide information on state and national performance in operating child protection and child welfare programs. The reports present performance in seven outcome categories, which were identified in close consultation with state and local child welfare agency administrators, child advocacy organizations, child welfare researchers, state legislators, and other experts in the child welfare field. The outcomes reflect a consensus of these groups regarding important performance objectives for child welfare practice. The seven national outcomes established by the Department through this consultation process are: Outcome 1: Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect Outcome 2: Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry Outcome 5: Reduce time in foster care to adoption Outcome 6: Increase placement stability Outcome 7: Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions In addition to reporting on state performance in these outcome categories, the Child Welfare Outcomes Report also includes data on contextual factors and findings of analyses conducted across states. Data for most of the measures in this report come from the two national child welfare-related data systemsthe National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS).

CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
The Child Welfare Outcomes Report presents data on child welfare-related contextual factors relevant to understanding and interpreting state performance on the outcome measures.2 Below is a summary of fiscal year (FY) 2011 data for these contextual factors.3

Characteristics of child victims4

In 2011, there were approximately 742,000 instances of confirmed child maltreatment.5 The overall national child victim rate was 9.9 child victims per 1,000 children in the population.6 State child victim rates varied dramatically, ranging from 1.2 child victims per 1,000 children to 24.0 child victims per 1,000 children.7 The national child victim rate decreased from 10.3 child victims per 1,000 children in the population in 2008 to 9.9 in 2011. This is a continuation of a long-term, downward trend in the child victimization rate that began in the early 1990s.8
1 2 3 4

In 2011, there were approximately 742,000 instances of confirmed child maltreatment.

See appendix A for the specifications of section 479A of the Social Security Act, as amended by the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997.
In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states.
Unless otherwise specified, the data used in this report are for federal fiscal year 2011 (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011).
This report uses a duplicate count for child victims, which tallies a child each time he or she was found to be a victim of maltreatment. It is important to note that the Child
Maltreatment report uses a unique count for child victims, which counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the
reporting year.
For the purposes of this report, a victim of child maltreatment is defined as a child for whom an incident of abuse or neglect has been substantiated or indicated by an investigation or assessment. A state may include some children with alternative dispositions as victims (see Child Maltreatment 2011). It is important to distinguish that the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports use the total reported number of child victims as opposed to a national estimate of child victims, which often is reported in Child Maltreatment. The total number of victims reported in this report is rounded to the nearest 1,000. The national child victim rate is calculated by dividing the total number of child victims (741,937) by the child population for all states that submitted NCANDS data (74,810,766), and multiplying by 1,000. A states rate of child victims is defined as the number of child victims reported to NCANDS per 1,000 children in the states population. Finkelhor, D., Jones, L., & Shattuck, A. (2009). Updated trends in child maltreatment, 2009. Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center. Retrieved from http://www. unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/Updated_Trends_in_Child_Maltreatment_2009.pdf
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | i

6 7 8

 The percentage of child victims of a particular race/ethnicity varied among states. In 2011, there were many states in which the percentage of minority race/ethnicity child victims was disproportionately greater than the percentage of these children in the state population.9 Disproportionate representation was found for Black child victims (27 states), Alaska Native/American Indian child victims (15 states), and child victims reported as having two or more races (10 states).

Foster care information overview

Longer range AFCARS data show that, Nationally, there were approximately 407,000 children in foster care on between FYs 2002 and 2011, the number the last day of 2011. During that year, an estimated 247,000 children of children in care on the last day of entered foster care, and 240,000 children exited foster care. Among the the FY decreased by 23.3 percent from states, the foster care entry rate ranged from 1.3 children per 1,000 to 523,000 to 401,000. 8.5 children per 1,000 in a states population.10 Between 2002 and 2011, the number of children in care on the last day of the FY decreased by 23.3 percent, from 523,000 to 401,000.11 While currently it is not possible to determine the cause of the decrease in the number of children in foster care using the AFCARS database, several states have made deliberate efforts to safely reduce the number of children in care through various programmatic and policy initiatives.12 The percentage of children of a particular race/ethnicity entering foster care varied among states. In 2011, there were many states in which the percentage of minority race/ethnicity children entering foster care was disproportionately greater than the percentage of these children in the state population.13 Disproportionate representation was found for Black children (32 states), Alaska Native/American Indian children (17 states), and children reported as having two or more races (20 states). Nationally, 240,000 children exited foster care in 2011. Of these children, 207,000 (86 percent) were discharged to a
permanent home (i.e., were discharged to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship).

STATE PERFORMANCE ON OUTCOME MEASURES

The Child Welfare Outcomes Report presents data and analyses on seven outcome categories. A synopsis of key findings for these outcome areas is provided below. The measures relevant to these outcomes are described in detail in appendix B of the full report. Most of the outcome measures also are listed in tables 1 and 2 of this executive summary. Note that individual measures that are part of the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs) permanency composites are preceded by a C to distinguish them from the original outcome measures. The original outcome measures were developed prior to the first Child Welfare Outcomes Report (1998) in close consultation with state representatives and other professionals in the field. The composite measures, developed in 2005 and adopted in 2006, were based on the same outcome goals but were created in response to requests that the Department measure more detailed aspects of the original outcomes to allow a better understanding of state performance. All national medians for outcome measures referenced in this executive summary include only those states for which adequate data are available for 2008 through 2011. Tables of these medians can be found at the end of this executive summary.14

10 11

For the purposes of this report, we consider representation to be disproportionate when the percentage of a racial/ethnic group of victims constitutes at least one and one-half times the percentage of children of that racial/ethnic group in a states child population. The analysis of disproportionate representation was conducted for Black, White, Alaska Native/American Indian, Hispanic children (of any race), and children reported as having two or more races. Other races were not included in the analysis because of their very small representation in the population of the majority of states. Pennsylvania was excluded from this analysis due to unavailable child victim data, and Puerto Rico was excluded due to unavailable child population data. Rate of entry is calculated by dividing the total number of children entering foster care in a state by the total child population in that state and multiplying by 1,000 [(N entering FC/child population) x 1,000]. For more information, see Trends in Foster Care and AdoptionFY 2002FY 2011 on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/trends-infoster-care-and-adoption). The data used in Trends in Foster Care and AdoptionFY 2002FY 2011 were updated as of July 2012. AFCARS data from 2008 through 2011 used throughout this Child Welfare Outcomes Report were updated as of February 17, 2012. See the following for examples: (1) Freundlich, M. (2010). Legislative strategies to safely reduce the number of children in foster care. National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/documents/cyf/strategies_reducing_the_number_of_children_in_foster_care.pdf and (2) National Governors Association Center for Best Practices. (2010). State efforts to safely reduce the number of children in foster care. Retrieved from http://www.nga.org/cms/home/nga-center-for-best-practices/centerpublications/page-ehsw-publications/col2-content/main-content-list/state-efforts-to-safely-reduce-t.html For the purposes of this report, representation is considered disproportionate when a racial/ethnic group of children entering foster care constitutes at least one and one-half times the number of children of that racial/ethnic group in a state. The analysis of disproportionate representation was conducted for Black, White, Alaska Native/American Indian, Hispanic children (of any race), and children reported as having two or more races. Other races were not included in the analysis because of their very small representation in the population of the majority of states. Puerto Rico was excluded from the foster care entry race and ethnicity analysis due to unavailable data. In the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, two separate national medians are computed for each measure for 2011. In the 2011 Range of State Performance tables, national medians are calculated using all states that had adequate data available for 2011 only. However, when looking at performance over time, a separate 2011 national median is calculated that includes only the states that had adequate data available for all the relevant years (2008 through 2011). This is done to provide a more accurate calculation of change over time. Therefore, the number of states (N) included in each of these calculations may vary, and these two medians may vary slightly. For consistency, the medians used in this executive summary are those that include states that had adequate data available for all relevant years.

12

13

14

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | ii

Change in state performance over time is assessed by calculating a percent change in performance on the measures.15 The concept of percent change is used in this report to highlight the fact that some changes may appear small in absolute terms but represent large proportional changes. For example, suppose that the rate of maltreatment recurrence increased from 1.0 percent to 2.0 percent in a state. This would be a doubling of the recurrence rate, so it would be misleading to say simply that maltreatment recurrence increased by 1.0 percent. This problem of magnitude of the numbers involved in comparisons is solved by calculating the percent change between the two data points.

Outcome 1: Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect

In 2011, state performance varied considerably with regard to the percentage of child victims experiencing a recurrence of child maltreatment within a six-month period (measure 1.1) (range = 1.0 to 12.2 percent; median = 5.2 percent). States with higher victim rates tended to have higher maltreatment recurrence rates within a six-month period (Pearsons r=.57).16 In addition, consistent with previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, states with a relatively high percentage of children who were victims of neglect (as opposed to other forms of maltreatment) also had some tendency to have a relatively high percentage of maltreatment recurrence within a six-month period (Pearsons r=.39). Between 2008 and 2011, 48 percent of states demonstrated improved performance with regard to the measure of recurrence of child maltreatment (measure 1.1). However, a substantial number of states (42 percent) demonstrated a decline in performance on this measure.

Outcome 2: Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
In 2011, state performance regarding the maltreatment of children while in foster care (measure 2.1) ranged from 0.00 to 1.59 percent, with a median of 0.32 percent. Between 2008 and 2011, equal numbers of states improved and declined in performance (45 states per category). Additionally, the national median performance for this measure improved only slightly, from 0.36 percent in 2008 to 0.34 percent in 2011 (note that a lower percentage is desirable for this measure).

Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care

States tend to be substantially more In 2011, states were fairly successful in achieving a permanent home successful in finding permanent homes for for all children exiting foster care (measure 3.1, median = 87.3 the general foster care population (87.3 percent). However, states were less successful in achieving permanent percent) than for children with a diagnosed homes for children exiting foster care who had a diagnosed disability disability (78.0 percent) and children who (measure 3.2, median = 78.0 percent), and even less successful in entered foster care when they were older finding permanent homes for children exiting foster care who entered than age 12 (66.0 percent). care when they were older than age 12 (measure 3.3, median = 66.0 percent). For children who had been in foster care for long periods of time (measure C3.1), defined as 24 months or longer, only 31.8 percent (median) of these children had permanent homes by the end of 2011. Between 2008 and 2011, 58 percent of states exhibited an improvement in performance, and the national median for this measure increased from 28.7 percent to 32.3 percent (a 12.5 percent change). States that were successful in achieving permanency for children at the time of exit from foster care (measure 3.1) also were successful in achieving permanency for children who are in foster care for long periods of time (measure C3.1). This is demonstrated by the fact that there is a strong positive correlation (Pearsons r=.67) between these two measures in 2011. In many states, a considerable percentage of children who were emancipated from foster care in 2011 were in foster care for long periods of time before they were emancipated (measures 3.4 and C3.3). In about one-half of the states, 25.0 percent or more of the children who were emancipated from foster care were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care (measure 3.4), and 43.4 percent or more of the children emancipated from foster care, or who turned age 18 while in care, were in care for three years or longer (measure C3.3). However, it is encouraging to note that between 2008 and 2011, 54 percent of states showed improved performance on both measures 3.4 and C3.3.

15 16

Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change. The strength of relationships in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports is assessed using correlation coefficients, specifically Pearsons r, which can range in value from 1 to +1.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | iii

Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry

The 2011 data suggest that, in many states, a majority of children discharged to reunification were reunified in a timely manner. Across states, the median percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months was between 68.4 and 70.5 percent (measures 4.1 and C1.1). The median length of stay in foster care for reunified children was 7.6 months (measure C1.2). States showed improvement between 2008 and 2011 in the percentage of children reentering foster care in less than 12 months from being reunified (measure C1.4). For this measure, 49 percent of states showed improvement over time, and the national median improved from 13.2 in 2008 to 11.8 in 2011, which amounted to a 10.6 percent change (note that a lower percentage is desirable for this measure). Many states with a comparatively high percentage of children entering Many states with a comparatively high foster care who were age 12 or older at the time of entry also had a percentage of children entering foster relatively high percentage of children reentering foster care (measure care who were age 12 or older at the C1.4) (Pearsons r=.52). Conversely, many states with a high percentage of children entering foster care at age 11 or younger also had a relatively low time of entry also had a relatively high percentage of children reentering foster care (Pearsons r= .52). percentage of children reentering foster Several states with high foster care entry rates also had relatively high care (Pearsons r=.52). percentages of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months (measure
C1.1) (Pearsons r=.42) and relatively low median lengths of stay (measure
C1.2) (Pearsons r= .45).

Outcome 5: Reduce time in foster care to adoption

In 2011, it was unusual in most states for adoptions to occur in less than 12 months from the childs entry into foster care. The national median for the corresponding measure (5.1a) was only 3.8 percent. In addition, the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 24 months from a childs entry into foster care was fairly low (measure C2.1, median = 33.5 percent). However, it is encouraging to note that states are showing improvement on both measures. Between 2008 and 2011, the national median for measure 5.1a improved from 3.0 percent to 3.7 percent (a 23.3 percent change), and the national median for measure C2.1 improved from 29.0 percent to 33.6 percent (a 15.9 percent change). Seventy-two percent of states showed improved performance in the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who were adopted by the end of the year (measure C2.3). Consistent with this finding, the national median for this measure increased from 23.0 percent in 2008 to 25.7 percent in 2011 (an 11.7 percent change). Many states (55 percent) showed improvement in the percentage of
children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the
The 2011 data indicate that achieving year who became legally free for adoption in the first six months of the adoptions in less than 24 months still year (measure C2.4). In addition, the national median for this measure remains a challenge for all but a few improved from 12.4 percent in 2008 to 13.5 percent in 2011 (an 8.9 percent change). states. Fifty-nine percent of states showed improved performance in the percentage of children who were legally free for adoption who were adopted within 12 months of becoming legally free (measure C2.5). In addition, the national median for this measure improved from 53.0 percent in 2008 to 59.7 percent in 2011 (a 12.6 percent change).

Outcome 6: Increase placement stability

In this report, adequate placement stability is defined as limiting the number of placement settings for a child to no more than two for a single foster care episode. Although most states appeared to be reasonably successful in achieving this placement stability goal for children in foster care for less than 12 months, states tended to be far less successful in meeting this goal for children in foster care for longer periods of time. The median across states declined from 85.9 percent for children in foster care for less than 12 months to 63.4 percent for children in foster care for 12 to 24 months, and then declined even further to 32.8 percent for children in foster care for 24 months or longer.

Outcome 7: Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions

In about one-half of the states, 4.5 percent or less of children entering foster care under the age of 12 were placed in group homes or institutions. However, in eight states, between 10 percent and 20 percent of young children were placed in group homes or institutions, indicating that this is still an important issue in several states.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | iv

 Between 2008 and 2011, 66 percent of states showed improved performance in the percentage of children entering foster care when they were age 12 or younger who were placed in a group home or institution (measure 7.1). The national median for this measure also declined from 4.9 percent in 2008 to 4.5 percent in 2011 (a 8.2 percent change).

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION

States generally are more successful in minimizing the number of placement settings for children in care for less than 12 months, but children in care for longer periods of time tend to have far more placement setting changes.

In reviewing the key findings in all seven outcome areas, it is clear that there are both areas of strength and areas in need of improvement with regard to achieving positive outcomes for children who come into contact with state child welfare systems. All of these areas deserve additional investigation in order to gain further understanding and move the child welfare field forward. Some areas needing additional attention are shown below. Note that the AFCARS data are too limited to provide insight into many of these issues, but they are presented here for the purpose of encouraging the field to further review and address the issues. These areas include the following: Between 2008 and 2011, state performance on the two safety-related outcome measures, recurrence of maltreatment and maltreatment in foster care, remained fairly consistent. For both of these safety measures, it is important to keep in mind that, while the percentages of maltreatment may be numerically small, these events have serious implications for the safety and well-being of children. Children who experience maltreatment, either at home or in out-of-home care, can experience a wide variety of consequences ranging from physical and mental health problems to issues with cognitive development and academic achievement.17 Furthermore, maltreatment recurrence is associated with an increase in trauma symptoms in children.18 States should continue to monitor performance on these two measures and work to improve upon their efforts to ensure that children remain safe. States continue to experience challenges finding permanent homes for children with disabilities and for children who entered foster care when they were older than age 12. Agencies should review their data and current practices to consider what additional barriers may be preventing these older youth and children with disabilities from being placed into permanent homes. States that were successful in achieving permanency for children at the time of exit from foster care also were successful in achieving permanency for children who were in foster care for long periods of time. Evaluating and understanding the practices of successful states could provide useful information to states that are working to improve performance in these areas. There was a reduction in the number of children emancipating from foster care who entered foster care at age 12 or younger. It is encouraging that many states are making progress in their efforts to find permanent homes for children in care for longer periods of time. It would be beneficial to know the drivers that were behind states successes in this area, and if these drivers might be implemented in other states. A consistent finding in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports is that many states with a relatively high percentage of foster care reentries also had a relatively high percentage of children entering foster care who were adolescents (age 12 or older). The challenges that these youth present to state child welfare systems with regard to meeting the reunification needs of the children and their families may be quite different from those encountered in working with younger children and their families. Consequently, states with large numbers of youth in their foster care populations would benefit from developing strategies that target the needs of these youth. Many states that have a high percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months from the childs entry into foster care also have a high percentage of children who reenter foster care in less than 12 months from the time of reunification. This is an important finding because it raises the possibility that not all of the problems that resulted in the childs initial entry into foster care were resolved adequately at the time of reunification, or that new problems arose at the point of reunification that were not addressed sufficiently by the agency. Overall, national performance on timeliness of adoptions has improved, but it continues to be a significant challenge for most states. It is important to note that there may be a variety of factors that contribute to lower performance on these measures, and these factors may vary considerably between states. However, for those states that struggle in this area, a careful review of specific barriers would be beneficial. Placement setting stability for children in foster care longer than 12 months consistently has been an area of difficulty for many states, and overall performance remained stagnant between 2008 and 2011. More work is needed on how states can
17

Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., & Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). What are the consequences of child abuse and neglect? In A coordinated response to child abuse and neglect: The foundation for practice (pp. 3538). Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services. 18 Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 149166.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | v

prevent children from remaining in care for long periods of time and increase placement setting stability for children who have been in care for long periods of time. Overall, the percentage of young children placed in group homes or institutions has continued to decline, but there are some states that still struggle in this area. It would be useful to determine what specific strategies may have contributed to these improvements so that these practices could be shared with those states looking for additional assistance. Data and analysis presented throughout the full Child Welfare Outcomes Report offer additional details regarding overall national performance. In addition, State Data Pages provide a profile of individual state performance between 2008 and 2011.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | vi

Table 1. Median State Performance, 20082011 Original Outcome Measures Outcome Measures19
*Measure 1.1: Of all children who were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and/or neglect during the first six months of the year, what percentage had another substantiated or indicated report within a six-month period? (N=52 states) *Measure 2.1: Of all children who were in foster care during the year, what percentage were the subject of substantiated or indicated maltreatment by a foster parent or facility staff member? (N=47 states) Measure 3.1: Of all children who exited foster care during the year, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=50 states) Measure 3.2: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were identified as having a diagnosed disability, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=42 states) Measure 3.3: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were older than age 12 at the time of their most recent entry into care, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=50 states) *Measure 3.4: Of all children exiting foster care in the year to emancipation, what percentage were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into care? (N=50 states) Measure 4.1: Of all children reunified with their parents or caretakers at the time of discharge from foster care during the year, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the time of entry into foster care? (N=50 states) Measure 5.1a: Of all children discharged from care during the year to a finalized adoption, what percentage were discharged in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=50 states) Measure 6.1a: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for less than 12 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) Measure 6.1b: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) Measure 6.1c: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) *Measure 7.1: Of all children who entered foster care during the year and were age 12 or younger at the time of their most recent placement, what percentage were placed in a group home or institution? (N=50 states)
* For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

Median Performance by Year 2008

5.2%

2009
5.6%

2010
4.8%

2011
5.2%

0.36

0.34

0.35

0.34

87.7

87.3

86.7

87.3

77.6

77.8

77.9

78.1

67.6

66.6

65.6

66.0

26.1

26.3

25.5

25.1

67.2

67.2

68.4

68.0

3.0

3.4

3.6

3.7

85.3

85.3

85.3

85.9

61.8

60.6

61.6

63.4

31.9

30.5

33.0

32.8

4.9

4.3

4.5

4.5

19

Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | vii

Table 2. Median State Performance, 20082011 Composite Measures Composite Measures20

Measure C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=49 states) *Measure C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=49 states) Measure C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the six-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=48 states) Measure C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? (N=49 states)21 Measure C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=50 states) *Measure C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from home to the date of discharge to adoption? (N=50 states) Measure C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, what percentage was discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? (N=50 states)22 Measure C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in foster care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day, what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first six months of the year? (N=44 states)23 Measure C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? (N=44 states) Measure C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? (N=50 states) Measure C3.2: Of all children who were discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? (N=44 states)24 *Measure C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for three years or longer? (N=50 states)
* For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

Median Performance by Year 2008

68.4%

2009
67.5%

2010
67.5%

2011
70.4%

7.9 mos.

8.0 mos.

7.8 mos.

7.7 mos.

43.4

41.4

42.5

41.3

13.2

12.4

12.6

11.8

29.0

31.9

32.4

33.6

31.0 mos.

30.4 mos.

29.6 mos.

29.4 mos.

23.0

24.7

24.9

25.7

12.4

13.5

12.7

13.5

53.0

54.5

59.1

59.7

28.7

29.7

29.7

32.3

93.3

93.8

94.9

95.0

46.1

45.8

44.4

43.6

20

21

Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available. Numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured by months, as noted. Individual measures developed for Composite 4: Placement stability are not shown in this table because the measures are nearly identical to the original measures of placement stability incorporated into measure 6.1 (see table 1). Although measure C2.1 is calculated exactly the same way as original measure 5.1b, the results can vary slightly because the source files are different for the composite measures. In the source files for measure C2.1, all children are excluded who were not age 17 for at least 1 day. No such exclusion exists for measure 5.1b. In addition, composites are calculated at the county level and then are aggregated to the state level, which also could influence slightly performance on C2.1 compared to 5.1b. The denominator for this measure excludes children who, by the last day of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or primary caretakers, living with relatives, or guardianship. A child is considered to be legally free for adoption if there is a date for parental rights termination reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. Also, the denominator for this measure excludes children who, during the first 6 months of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or primary caretakers, living with other relatives, or guardianship. A child is considered to be legally free for adoption if there is a date for the parental rights termination reported to AFCARS for both mother and father.

22 23

24

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | viii

I: Introduction to the Child Welfare Outcomes, Data, and Analysis

The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports are created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (the Department) to meet requirements of section 203(a) of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA).1 ASFA created section 479A of the Social Security Act (the Act) to require the Department to issue an annual report that assesses state performance in operating child protection and child welfare programs under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act.2 Child Welfare Outcomes 1998 was the first report created in the Child Welfare Outcomes series of reports. The present report, Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011, is the twelfth report since the series inception. The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports provide information on national performance as well as the performance of individual states in seven outcome categories.3 Prior to the first report, Child Welfare Outcomes 1998, the Department identified these outcomes in close consultation with state and local child welfare agency administrators, child advocacy organizations, child welfare researchers, state legislators, and other experts in the child welfare field. The outcomes reflect a consensus of these groups regarding important performance objectives for child welfare practice. The seven national outcomes established by the Department through this consultation process are: Outcome 1: Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect Outcome 2: Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry Outcome 5: Reduce time in foster care to adoption Outcome 6: Increase placement stability Outcome 7: Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions

ORIGINAL OUTCOME MEASURES AND CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES REVIEW MEASURES
The Child Welfare Outcomes Reports originally reported on 12 measures established to assess performance on the seven national outcomes identified above. However, starting with Child Welfare Outcomes 20022005, the Department also began to include data on the four permanency composites (composed of 15 individual measures) used as part of the second round of the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs).4 Therefore, the current report includes a total of 27 measures (the 12 original measures plus the 15 CFSR individual measures).5 Each CFSR data composite incorporates a range of performance areas relevant To distinguish the composite measures to a particular child welfare domain. For example, in measuring reunification from the original measures used in this performance, individual measures under that composite include both median report, measures that are part of the length of stay in foster care and the reentry rate. Individual measures that are part of the CFSR composite measures are preceded by a C throughout this CFSR composites are preceded by a C report to distinguish them from the original measures. Also, note that the throughout the report. CFSRs and Child Welfare Outcomes Report are separate activities within the Department, even though the measures are related. In addition, state data used for the CFSR may vary somewhat from the data included in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report because states often correct and update data used in the CFSR process.

1 2

See appendix A for the specifications of section 479A of the Social Security Act, as created by the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. The title IV-E agency is the state agency authorized to use federal title IV-E funds to support foster care, adoption assistance, and kinship guardianship assistance. Title IV-E has been amended on several occasions to provide federal funding for foster care, adoption, and most recently, the relative guardianship program. Title IV-B provides preventative and protective services for children. For a more detailed understanding of the history and changes over time, please see http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/title-iv-elegislation-policy In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states. The CFSRs are periodic reviews of state child welfare systems that assess conformity with federal child welfare requirements and assist states in helping children and families achieve positive outcomes. Complete and up-to-date information on the CFSR process is provided on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/ monitoring/child-family-services-reviews). See appendix B for descriptions of the 27 outcome measures included in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report.
CHAPTER I | 1

3 4

CONTEXT DATA
The Child Welfare Outcomes Report presents data pertaining to state performance on the outcome measures as well as on child welfare-related contextual factors.6 These context data are relevant to understanding and interpreting performance on the outcome measures featured in these reports. The contextual factors include the following: A states estimated child population statistics with regard to the number and race/ethnicity of children, as well as child poverty data7 Caseworker visits data for children in foster care (the percentage of foster children visited monthly by their caseworker and the percentage of monthly visits occurring in the home of the child)8 The number and characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, and type of maltreatment) of child maltreatment victims (defined as children who were the subject of a substantiated or indicated abuse or neglect allegation or whose disposition was alternative response victim)9 Mean and median times to investigation (the time between the maltreatment report and the first face-to-face contact with the investigating caseworker) The number and characteristics (age and race/ethnicity) of children in foster care at the start of the year, in care at the end of the year, and of children who entered and exited foster care10 The median length of stay of children in foster care The number and characteristics (age and race/ethnicity) of children waiting for adoption11 The number and characteristics (age and race/ethnicity) of children for whom an adoption was finalized

DATA SOURCES
Data for the original Child Welfare Outcomes measures, the CFSR composite measures, and the majority of the context data in this report come from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). States are required by regulation to submit AFCARS data, while NCANDS data are submitted voluntarily by states. The specific NCANDS and AFCARS data elements used to calculate each outcome measure are outlined in appendix D. Data for the caseworker visits requirements are reported in each states Annual Progress and Services Report (APSR). These data are not part of AFCARS or NCANDS, and some states elected to use a sampling procedure approved by the Childrens Bureau. As referenced in the previous section of this chapter, data on caseworker visits are required under section 479A of the Act to be included in this report. This report also uses child population data, which are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau on an annual basis. Total child population and child race/ethnicity estimates are derived by calculating expected population change from the most recent decennial census data. Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey, an ongoing survey that annually samples a small percentage of the population in order to provide communities with information relevant to their service provision and investments.12
6 7 8

Unless otherwise specified, the data used in this report are for federal fiscal year (FY) 2011 (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011). These data come from the Census Bureau and reflect estimates rather than actual numbers. These data are based on the calendar year and not the fiscal year. Note that the 2011 Census Bureau child population in poverty data were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. Section 479A(6) of the Social Security Act requires states to include data on caseworker visits in this annual report. Requirements for caseworker visits data were revised in P .L. 112-34 and are now defined under section 424(f)(1) and (2) of the Act. Data used in this report were collected prior to these changes and reflected guidance in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-08-03 issued April 18, 2008. Beginning in 2012, states began using the revised methodology for reporting caseworker visits data, which is detailed in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-12-01 (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/pi1201.pdf). For more information, see appendix C.

10

Child Maltreatment 2011 provides the following definitions: (1) Substantiated refers to a type of investigation disposition that concludes that the allegation of maltreatment or risk of maltreatment was supported or founded by state law or state policy; (2) Indicated refers to an investigation disposition that concludes that maltreatment could not be substantiated under state law or policy, but there was reason to suspect that at least one child may have been maltreated or was at risk of maltreatment. This is applicable only to states that distinguish between substantiated and indicated dispositions; (3) some states use an alternative response process rather than a standard investigation in selected cases; alternative response victim is a possible disposition in those states and indicates that at least one child in the report was a victim of maltreatment. For more information, see the full report: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/child-maltreatment-2011
For the purposes of this report, foster care refers to a variety of out-of-home placement settings, including foster family homes, group homes, shelters, residential treatment facilities, and similar placements for children who are placed away from their parents or guardians in 24-hour substitute care and under the placement and care responsibility of a state child welfare agency for at least 24 hours (see 45 CFR 1355, Appendix A, Section II). There is no federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report includes children who have a goal of adoption and/ or whose parents parental rights have been terminated, but for whom an adoption was not finalized by the end of the year. It excludes children 16 years of age or older with parents whose parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. This definition may differ from definitions used by individual states. Additional information on the methodology used to calculate child population estimates can be found on the Census Bureaus website (http://www.census.gov/popest/ methodology/index.html). Additional information on the methodology used to collect and calculate child poverty data can be found on the American Community Survey section of the Census Bureaus website (http://www.census.gov/acs/www/).

11

12

CHAPTER I | 2

As noted previously, the data used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report may vary slightly from other sources if a state resubmitted data after the Department prepared the data for this report. Data were prepared on the following dates: 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 AFCARS data: February 17, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 NCANDS data: May 29, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 Census data: May 21, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 caseworker visits data: April 15, 2012

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System

NCANDS is a federally sponsored effort that collects and analyzes state data pertaining to children who come to the attention of public child protective services agencies as alleged victims of abuse or neglect. NCANDS was a result of a Departmental directive included in the 1988 amendments to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) to establish a national data collection and analysis program on child abuse and neglect.13 The data are submitted voluntarily by the states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. NCANDS data are published annually in the Child Maltreatment report series. A summary of the most recent report, Child Maltreatment 2011, is presented in appendix E. The NCANDS Child File is a data file that states submit annually. In 2011, all 52 states submitted an NCANDS Child File. This file contains detailed case information about each child who is the subject of an investigation or assessment in response to a maltreatment allegation. Any child that is associated with a report that has received a disposition during the year is included in the Child File. Although a disposition usually refers to a finding regarding the allegation, it also can include those reports that were closed without a finding. The Child File is the primary data source for the safety-related data included in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report.14 The Summary Data Component (SDC) File also can be used for the purposes of the Child Welfare Outcomes Report in the absence of a states submission of a Child File for context data.15 While alternate safety data sources sometimes are allowed for the purposes of the CFSRs, they are not used for the purposes of this report.

Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System

Most data included in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report come from AFCARS. AFCARS collects case-level information from state and tribal title IV-E agencies on all children in foster care and those who have been adopted with title IV-E agency involvement. Title IV-E agencies are required to submit AFCARS data twice a year. The requirements for AFCARS are codified in federal regulation at 45 CFR 1355.40. Effective October 1, 2009, section 479B(b) of the Act authorized direct federal funding of Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and tribal consortia that have an approved plan to operate a foster care, adoption assistance and, at tribal option, a kinship guardianship assistance program under title IV-E of the Act. On January 6, 2012, the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) issued an Interim Final Rule to implement statutory provisions related to the tribal title IV-E program. However, at the time the data used in the report were collected, no tribal title IV-E plans had been approved. Therefore, the present report does not account for tribal performance. Appendix F includes national AFCARS summary data for 2011.

DATA ANALYSES IN THE CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES REPORT

Chapters II through V of this Child Welfare Outcomes Report present key findings of analyses conducted across states. These findings pertain to variations across states in performance on the outcome measures, changes in performance on the measures over time, and the relationships between contextual factors and state performance. It is important to note that medians and ranges described in this report are derived by using summary data for each state. These data points are not determined by looking at case-level data for the country as a whole. In addition, there are occasional instances in which

13 14 15

More information about CAPTA can be found on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/cwpm/programs/cb/laws_policies/laws/cwpm/policy.jsp?idFlag=2). The Agency File contains supplemental aggregated child abuse data from such agencies as medical examiners offices and non-child-protective-services (CPS) providers. The number of total child fatalities is the only safety data element included in this report that includes information from both the Child File and Agency File. Note that the Child File submitted by Oregon was not a complete data file and was a special submission containing the information necessary to calculate the child maltreatment outcome measures. This special Child File, combined with the Oregon SDC file, allowed us to have more complete information to report for that state.

CHAPTER I | 3

certain state data are excluded from cross-state analyses due to incomplete or inadequate data.16 Therefore, the total number of states included may vary for each analysis.17
The concept of percent change (also Change in state performance over time is assessed by calculating a percent change known as proportional change) over in performance on the measures.18 Using a percent change calculation permits time is used in this report to highlight a better assessment of the extent of change occurring over time by taking into the fact that some changes may appear account the size of the percentages (or other units of measurement, such as small in absolute terms but represent months) being compared. For example, the importance of a 1.0 percent increase large proportional changes. will depend on the magnitude of the measures being compared. An increase from 31.0 percent to 32.0 percent in the number of children adopted in fewer than 24 months may be somewhat interesting, but this amount of increase takes on an entirely different meaning when the size of the percentages being compared is much smaller. Suppose that the rate of maltreatment recurrence increased from 1.0 percent to 2.0 percent in a state. This would be a doubling of the recurrence rate, so it would be misleading to say simply that maltreatment recurrence increased by 1.0 percent.

Percent change calculations

This problem of magnitude of the numbers involved in comparisons is solved by calculating the percent change between the two data points. Consistent with the Departments approach in prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, a percent change of 5.0 or greater in either direction (i.e., positive or negative) is used as a general indicator that meaningful change in performance on the outcome measures occurred. Therefore, for purposes of the analyses presented in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, if the percent change in performance from 2008 to 2011 was less than 5.0 in either direction, the determination is that there was no change in performance.

Correlations
Strength of relationships between measures and context variables are assessed using correlation coefficients, specifically Pearsons r. This coefficient can range from 1 to +1. In the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, these coefficients are interpreted in accordance with J.P. Guilfords suggested interpretations for correlation coefficient values.19 These are as follows: A coefficient of 0.0 up to plus or minus .20 indicates a very low or negligible correlation. A coefficient of plus or minus .20.40 indicates a low correlation. A coefficient of plus or minus .40.70 indicates a moderate correlation. A coefficient of plus or minus .70.90 indicates a high correlation. A coefficient of plus or minus .901.00 indicates a very high correlation.

THE CHILD WELFARE OUTCOMES REPORT DATA SITE

In 2010, the Childrens Bureau launched the Child Welfare Outcomes Report Data Site (http://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/data/ overview), a website that features data from the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. Specifically, it contains the data found in the State Data Pages, which also are published in chapter VI of the full report. The website was developed primarily as a means of releasing report data in a timelier manner than is possible through the full report publication process. It also makes the data available in a more user-friendly format. Data updates to the site occur annually after the data have been reviewed and approved by the states and prior to the release of the full report. The Data Site provides users with increased capabilities for viewing and utilizing the data found in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. For example, users can isolate and view the variables in which they are most interested, compare data across states, choose from a variety of different data output displays, and export data reports in Excel format. Site functionality is updated on a regular basis in order to provide users with new and increased capabilities for data use and reporting.
16 17

While data quality has improved over time, these issues can still occur for a number of reasons. For example, states implementing new child welfare information systems may encounter some data quality issues in the transition. Additionally, data quality can be compromised by factors such as policy changes or poor data entry practices. In the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, two separate national medians are computed for each measure for 2011. In the 2011 Range of State Performance tables, national medians are calculated using data from all states that had adequate data available for 2011 only. However, when looking at performance over time, a separate national median is calculated for 2011 that includes only data from the states that had adequate data available for all the relevant fiscal years (2008 through 2011). This is done to provide a more accurate calculation of change over time. Therefore, the number of states (N) included in each of these calculations may vary, and these two medians may vary slightly. Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change. Guilford, J.P . (1956). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

18 19

CHAPTER I | 4

II: Keeping Children Safe

Public child welfare agencies are responsible for ensuring that children who have been found to be victims of abuse or neglect are protected from further harm. Whether the child is placed in out-of-home care or maintained in the home, the child welfare agencys first concern must be to ensure the safety of the child. This chapter provides information on some contextual factors related to child safety as well as on the following two safety measures: Measure 1.1: The percentage of child victims who experience a recurrence of maltreatment within a six-month period Measure 2.1: The percentage of all children in foster care who were maltreated by a foster parent or facility staff member Unless otherwise noted, data reported in this chapter come from the National Child Although the NCANDS submission Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) and are for federal fiscal year (FY) 2011 is voluntary, it is strongly (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011). Through NCANDS, the Department collects encouraged; 52 states submitted and analyzes data on children who come into contact with public child protective services (CPS) agencies as alleged victims of abuse or neglect. Although submission NCANDS data for 2011. of data to NCANDS is voluntary for states, the Department strongly encourages participation and provides technical assistance to help with data collection and reporting. Participation has increased over the past several years. All 52 states submitted NCANDS data for 2011.20 Before addressing the performance of states on the safety outcome measures, this chapter provides important contextual data, including the characteristics of the child victims, types of maltreatment, and time to investigation.

Introduction

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD VICTIMS, TYPES OF MALTREATMENT, AND TIME TO INVESTIGATION21

In 2011, there were approximately 742,000 instances of confirmed child maltreatment.22 The overall national child victim rate was 9.9 child victims per 1,000 children in the population.23

In 2011, there were approximately 742,000 instances of confirmed child maltreatment.

Table II-1 shows the total number of child victims and the national child victim rate between 2008 and 2011.
Table II-1. Child Victims, 20082011* 2008 (N=52 states)
Total Child Victims** National Child Victim Rate 774,000 10.3

2009 (N=52 states)

763,000 10.1

2010 (N=52 states)

754,000 10.0

2011
(N=52 states)

742,000 9.9

* The data in this table represent duplicate counts of child victims (the same child may be reported as a victim more than once). ** The total number of child victims is rounded to the nearest 1,000.

As indicated in table II-1, there was a decline in the national child victim rate between 2008 and 2011. This is a continuation of a long-term, downward trend in the child victimization rate that began in the early 1990s.24 Examining trends by maltreatment type shows that the most substantial declines in victimization rates over the past two decades occurred for child victims of physical and sexual abuse. Although more research is needed to isolate the reasons for these declines, other studies have noted that the initial decrease in the rates of physical and sexual abuse coincided historically with sustained economic growth, increases in the numbers
20 21

In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states; the number of states actually used in a specific analysis depends on the number of states that submitted adequate data for a particular measure. This report uses a duplicate count for child victims, which tallies a child each time he or she was found to be a victim of maltreatment. It is important to note that the Child Maltreatment report uses a unique count for child victims, which counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year. For the purposes of this report, a victim of child maltreatment is defined as a child for whom an incident of abuse or neglect has been substantiated or indicated by an investigation or assessment. A state may include some children with alternative dispositions as victims (see Child Maltreatment 2011). It is important to note that the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports use the total reported number of child victims as opposed to a national estimate of child victims, which often is reported in Child Maltreatment. The total number of victims reported in this report is rounded to the nearest 1,000. The national child victim rate is calculated by dividing the total number of child victims (741,937) by the child population for all states that submitted NCANDS data (74,810,766), and multiplying by 1,000. Finkelhor, D., Jones, L., & Shattuck, A. (2009). Updated trends in child maltreatment, 2009. Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center. Retrieved from http://www. unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/Updated_Trends_in_Child_Maltreatment_2009.pdf
CHAPTER II | 5

22

23 24

of law enforcement and CPS personnel, more aggressive prosecution and incarceration policies for perpetrators, growing public awareness of maltreatment problems, and the implementation of new treatment options for family and mental health problems.25 The declining trends in NCANDS data parallel those seen in other long-term studies of physical and sexual abuse, lending support to the idea that these may be real trends and not the result of changes in reporting practices, investigation standards, or administrative or statistical procedures.26 It is noteworthy that there also were declines in other forms of maltreatment, such as neglect, during this time period. As was discussed in previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, child victim rates varied dramatically across states. In 2011, they ranged from 1.2 child victims per 1,000 children to 24.0 child victims per 1,000 children.27 There are a number of possible explanations for this variation. One explanation is that states vary in their definitions of child maltreatment.28 States with broader definitions of what constitutes child maltreatment may have higher victim rates than states with narrower definitions. Variations in the level of evidence required for substantiation also may contribute to different child victim rates among states.
Consistent with findings in previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, child victim rates varied dramatically across states in 2011, ranging from 1.2 child victims per 1,000 children to 24.0 child victims per 1,000 children

Some factors limit the comparability of child victim rates across states. One such factor is the use of alternative response approaches.29 In alternative response approaches, child welfare agencies respond with a referral for a family assessment rather than with a formal investigation when a decision is made that there are no immediate safety concerns for the child and the maltreatment allegation involves low or moderate risk. When a referral is made for a family assessment instead of an investigation, it is often the case that no determination is made as to the allegations of maltreatment and therefore the child will not be classified as a victim.30 Even within states that have implemented alternative response systems, comparing outcomes for children across local jurisdictions is challenging due to varying degrees of within-state implementation. Although some states are implementing their systems statewide, others are gradually adding alternative response approaches to select jurisdictions.31 These methodological challenges mean that caution is warranted in comparing states that are using alternative response approaches to those that are not. Similarly, when a state begins using this type of approach, examining change in performance over time within the state may prove difficult due to the shifting responses to allegations of maltreatment. There also is a large degree of variation across states in the types of maltreatment reported, as is shown in table II-3. One possible explanation for this variation concerns differences in how types of maltreatment are defined in state law or policy. Each state has its own definitions of child abuse and neglect based on minimum standards established in the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA).32 Most states recognize at least four major types of maltreatment: neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. However, states definitions and criteria for what constitutes child abuse or neglect vary.33 Although any of the forms of child maltreatment may be found separately, they also can occur in combination, and a child can be identified as a victim of more than one type of maltreatment. Time to investigation (or assessment) is defined as the time between the report of suspected maltreatment and the first face-to face contact with the alleged victim or with another person who can provide information on the allegation. In 2011, as well as in
25

26 27 28 29

See the following for examples: (1) Finkelhor, D., & Jones, L. M. (2004). Explanations for the decline in child sexual abuse cases. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/199298.pdf; and (2) Finkelhor, D., Jones, L., & Shattuck, A. (2009). Updated trends in child maltreatment, 2009. Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center. Retrieved from http:// www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/Updated_Trends_in_Child_Maltreatment_2009.pdf Ibid. A states rate of child victims is defined as the number of child victims reported to NCANDS per 1,000 children in the states population. Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once. More information about variations in state definitions of child abuse and neglect can be found on Child Welfare Information Gateway (https://www.childwelfare.gov/ systemwide/laws_policies/state/can). The term alternative response is sometimes used interchangeably with terms such as differential response, dual track response, and multitrack response. These terms tend to refer to the provision of a response other than an investigation in regard to an allegation of maltreatment. Throughout this report, the term alternative response is used. For more information on alternative response, see the following: National Quality Improvement Center on Differential Response in Child Protective Services. (2011). Differential response in child protective services: A literature review. Retrieved from http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/pediatrics/subs/can/DR/ qicdr/General%20Resources/QIC-DR_Lit_Review%20version%20%202.pdf Some states make a distinction between those referrals for which services were required or even mandated and those referrals for which services were not needed or were voluntary. In these cases, some states have chosen to report the referrals to NCANDS as either alternative response victim for those in which services were mandated or alternative response nonvictim for those in which services were voluntary or not needed. Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2008). Differential response to reports of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/issue_briefs/differential_response/differential_response.pdf More information about CAPTA can be found on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/cwpm/programs/cb/laws_policies/laws/cwpm/policy.jsp?idFlag=2). More information about variations in state definitions of child abuse and neglect can be found on Child Welfare Information Gateway (https://www.childwelfare.gov/ systemwide/laws_policies/state/can).

30

31 32 33

CHAPTER II | 6

previous years, there was a substantial variation among states in the median time to Time to investigation for an individual investigation. Of the 45 states that submitted data needed to compute median time case may be influenced by a number to investigation in NCANDS in 2011, 68.9 percent had a calculated median of less of factors, such as the type and than 48 hours, and all but two states reported medians of 96 hours or less (see table II-2). However, looking only at median time to investigation can be misleading, severity of the abuse reported. given that response timeframes can vary across states. Some states have a single timeframe that applies to responding to all reports, while others use different timeframes for responding to different types of reports. High-priority responses are often stipulated to occur within 1 to 24 hours; lower priority responses may range from 1 to several days.
Table II-2. Time to Investigation in Hours, 2011 Median Time*
24 hours >24 but 48 hours >48 but 72 hours >72 but 96 hours >96 but 120 hours >120 but 144 hours

Percent of States (N=45)

28.9% 40.0 17.8 8.9 2.2 2.2

* Median time to investigation in hours is computed from the NCANDS Child File records by subtracting the Report Date from the Investigation Start Date and then converting the result to hours by multiplying by 24. Zero days difference (both dates are on the same day) is reported as under 24 hours; 1 day difference (investigation date is the next day after report date) is reported as at least 24 hours, but less than 48 hours; and 2 days difference is reported as at least 48 hours, but less than 72 hours, etc.

Table II-3 presents 2011 information pertaining to the age, type of maltreatment reported, and race/ethnicity of child maltreatment victims. This table illustrates the considerable variations across states in child victim characteristics.

Sixty-nine percent of states have a median time to investigation of less than 48 hours.

Table II-3. Characteristics of Child Maltreatment Victims, 2011* Number of States (N) Reporting
Age of Children at Time of Maltreatment Report Under 1 year 13 years 47 years 811 years 1215 years 16+ years Type of Maltreatment Reported Neglect** Physical abuse Psychological/emotional abuse Sexual abuse Medical neglect Other Childrens Race/Ethnicity*** Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 0.045.1 0.09.3 0.059.9 0.017.8 0.6100.0 0.095.1 0.044.0 0.4 0.3 13.0 0.1 9.6 51.1 3.5 52 52 51 52 42 52 3.493.1 4.749.0 0.144.3 1.963.3 0.16.9 0.084.5 70.0 15.6 1.3 6.8 1.9 0.0 52 52 52 52 52 52 2.7%19.9% 11.627.3 18.926.9 14.422.7 11.028.3 3.314.7 12.1% 21.6 24.4 18.8 16.8 5.5

Range Across States (Percent)

Median Across States

(Percent)

* The data in this table represent duplicate counts of child victims (the same child may be reported as a victim more than once).
** Some states include medical neglect in this category.
*** All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CHAPTER II | 7

Disproportionate representation was found States varied in 2011 with regard to the race/ethnicity of child victims. for Black child victims (27 states), Alaska Some of this variation is related to the population differences across states. Native/American Indian child victims For example, some states serve virtually no Alaska Native/American Indian (15 states), and child victims reported as children. When there only are a few children of a particular race/ethnicity having two or more races (10 states). in a state, it is expected that there would be proportionately few children of that race/ethnicity who are child victims. However, in 2011, there were many states in which the percentage of minority race/ethnicity child victims was disproportionate to the percentage of these children in the state population.35 In no state did the percentage of White child victims significantly exceed the percentage of these children in the states population. These findings are consistent with findings in prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports.

Disproportionate racial representation among child victims34

The following key findings pertain to the disproportionate representation of Black children among state child victims in 2011: In 27 states, the percentage of Black child victims was at least one and one-half times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population.36 In two of these 27 states, the percentage of Black child victims was at least three times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population (Oregon and Wyoming). The following key findings pertain to the disproportionate representation of Alaska Native/American Indian child victims in 2011: In 15 states, the percentage of Alaska Native/American Indian child victims was at least one and one-half times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population.37 In six of these 15 states, the percentage of Alaska Native/American Indian child victims was at least three times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population (Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin). The following key finding pertains to the disproportionate representation of child victims reported as having two or more races in 2011: In 10 states, the percentage of child victims reported as having two or more races was at least one and one-half times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population.38

RANGE OF STATE PERFORMANCE IN 2011 ON SAFETY-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES

State performance with regard to childrens safety is addressed through Outcome 1: Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect, and Outcome 2: Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care. Table II-4 summarizes state performance in 2011 on the measures pertaining to these outcomes. Note that cases identified as alternative response victim are not included in the calculation of these two safety outcome measures; only substantiated and indicated cases are included.

34 35

In this report, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Hispanic ethnicity category includes children of any race. For the purposes of this report, we consider representation to be disproportionate when the percentage of a racial/ethnic group of victims constitutes at least one and one-half times the percentage of children of that racial/ethnic group in a states child population. The analysis of disproportionate representation was conducted for Black, White, Alaska Native/American Indian, Hispanic children (of any race), and children reported as having two or more races. Other races were not included in the analysis because of their very small representation in the population of the majority of states. Pennsylvania was excluded from this analysis due to unavailable child victim data, and Puerto Rico was excluded due to unavailable child population data. The 27 states in which Black child victims were overrepresented were Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 15 states in which Alaska Native/American Indian child victims were overrepresented were Alaska, California, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. The 10 states in which child victims with two or more races were overrepresented were Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and West Virginia.

36

37 38

CHAPTER II | 8

Table II-4. Range of State Performance, 2011 Outcomes 1 and 2: Keeping Children Safe Outcome Measures*
**Measure 1.1: Of all children who were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and/or neglect during the first 6 months of the year, what percentage had another substantiated or indicated report within a 6-month period? (N=52 states) **Measure 2.1: Of all children who were in foster care during the year, what percentage were the subject of substantiated or indicated maltreatment by a foster parent or facility staff member? (N=48 states)
* Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available. ** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

25th Percentile
3.3%

National Median (50th Percentile)

5.2%

75th Percentile
6.9%

Range (Percent)
1.012.2%

0.18

0.32

0.58

0.001.59

Recurrence of maltreatment

States with higher child victim rates also A number of variables impact the range in performance across states (range = tend to have higher recurrence rates. 1.0 to 12.2 percent) with respect to maltreatment recurrence (measure 1.1).
One explanation may be that the variation on this measure reflects the variation
in child victim rates across states. In general, states with higher child victim rates also tend to have higher rates of recurrence within a
six-month period (Pearsons r=.57 in 2011). A similar finding also was found in previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports.

The range in performance with regard to maltreatment recurrence in 2011 also appears to be related to differences across states with regard to the types of child maltreatment reported. For example, states with a relatively high percentage of children who were victims of neglect also had some tendency to have a relatively high percentage of maltreatment recurrence within a six-month period (Pearsons r=.39). A related finding in research indicates that child maltreatment recurrence is more likely to involve neglect than either physical or sexual abuse.39 The relationships between recurrence and types of maltreatment may be due to the fact that substantiated allegations of sexual or physical abuse are more likely to be followed by legal actions against the perpetrators as well as actions designed to ensure that the perpetrator is prevented from further unsupervised contact with the victim until identified problems have been resolved. In contrast, substantiated allegations of neglect often are not followed by these actions unless the neglect is considered extremely severe.

Maltreatment of children in foster care

Table II-4 (above) shows the range in state performance regarding the maltreatment of children while in foster care (range = 0.00 percent to 1.59 percent). This variation among states may be influenced by a number of factors, including but not limited to: the extent to which training and services are offered to support foster families and facility staff members; variations in casework practices and the level of interaction the caseworker has with the family; or differences among states in background check requirements for those who care for children in foster care.40

CHANGES OVER TIME IN STATE PERFORMANCE ON MEASURES OF MALTREATMENT RECURRENCE AND MALTREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
The median performance across states for the years 2008 to 2011 on measures of maltreatment recurrence (measure 1.1) and maltreatment in foster care (measure 2.1) are presented in table II-5. Table II-5 also presents findings regarding the change in state performance on these measures. To determine the change in state performance for measures 1.1 and 2.1, performance in 2011 was compared to performance in 2008. Change in performance was computed by using a percent change calculation.41

39

40

See the following for examples: (1) Drake, B., Jonson-Reid, M., Way, I., & Chung, S. (2003). Substantiation and recidivism. Child Maltreatment, 8(4), 248260. Retrieved from http://cmx.sagepub.com/content/8/4/248.full.pdf+html; (2) Lipien, L., & Forthofer, M. S. (2004). An event history analysis of recurrent child maltreatment reports in Florida. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(9), 947966; and (3) Fluke, J. D., Shusterman, G. R., Hollinshead, D., & Yuan, Y-Y. T. (2005). Rereporting and recurrence of child maltreatment: Findings from NCANDS. Retrieved from http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/05/child-maltreat-rereporting/index.htm See the following for examples: (1) National Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice and Permanency Planning. (2007). Foster parent in-service training. Retrieved from http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/policy-issues/Foster-Parent-In-Service-Training.pdf; (2) Ryan, P ., & Cole, K. (1993). Maltreatment in family foster care: A survey of the states. East Lansing, MI: National Foster Care Resource Center; and (3) Child Welfare Information Gateway State Statutes: https://www.childwelfare.gov/ systemwide/laws_policies/state Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change.

41

CHAPTER II | 9

Table II-5. Median State Performance and Change in Performance Over Time, 20082011* Outcomes 1 and 2: Keeping Children Safe Median Performance by Year (Percent)*** 2008
****Measure 1.1: Percentage of child victims experiencing a recurrence of child maltreatment within a six-month period. (N=52 states) ****Measure 2.1: Percentage of children in foster care who were victims of maltreatment by a foster parent or facility staff member. (N=47 states) 5.2% 0.36

Outcome Measures**

States That Improved in Performance 2011

5.2% 0.34

States That Declined in Performance 20082011

22 states (42%) 21 states (45%)

2009
5.6% 0.34

2010
4.8% 0.35

20082011
25 states (48%) 21 states (45%)

* In accordance with standard procedure in this report, when there was a percent change of less than 5.0 in either direction (positive or negative), a determination was made that
there was no change in performance.
** Full descriptions for the measures in this table can be found in table II-4 or appendix B. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all relevant
years.
*** The 2011 data included on this table may be different from the data included in table II-4 due to differences in the number of states included for each analysis.
**** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

As shown in table II-5, performance with regard to recurrence of child maltreatment (measure 1.1) fluctuated modestly between 2008 and 2011. While many states (48 percent) showed an improvement in performance on this measure, a substantial number demonstrated a decline in performance (42 percent). Over the time period examined for this report, national performance change was minimal regarding the maltreatment of children in foster care (measure 2.1). Equal numbers of states improved and declined in performance between 2008 and 2011, and the national median declined only slightly.
Between 2008 and 2011, state performance on the two safetyrelated outcome measures remained fairly consistent.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS REGARDING KEEPING CHILDREN SAFE

National performance for the two safety-related outcome measures, recurrence of maltreatment and maltreatment of children in foster care, changed minimally between 2008 and 2011. For both of these safety measures, it is important to keep in mind that, while the percentages of maltreatment may be numerically small, these events have serious implications for the safety and well being of children. Children who experience maltreatment, either at home or in care, can experience a wide variety of consequences ranging from physical and mental health problems to issues with cognitive development and academic achievement.42 Furthermore, maltreatment recurrence is associated with an increase in trauma symptoms in children.43

42

Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., & Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). What are the consequences of child abuse and neglect? In A coordinated response to child abuse and neglect: The foundation for practice (pp. 3538). Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services. 43 Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Polyvictimization and trauma in a national longitudinal cohort. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 149166.

CHAPTER II | 10

III: Finding Permanent Homes for Children in

Foster Care

When foster care is necessary to ensure a childs safety and well-being, state child welfare agencies are tasked with the responsibility of working with families and the courts to return children to their homes or to find other permanent homes in a timely manner.44 Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care, encompasses these permanency goals for children and youth. This chapter presents national permanency results for the general foster care population, foster children with disabilities, and children and youth who have been in foster care for long periods of time. Contextual information also is provided regarding the age and race/ ethnicity of children entering foster care. For the purposes of the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports and the Child and Family Services Review (CFSR) data indicators, a child achieves permanency when he or she is reported as discharged from foster care to one of the following arrangements: Reunified with parents or primary caretakers45 Living with other relatives Living with a legal guardian Legally adopted

Introduction

To assess state performance in finding permanent homes for children, this report provides the following data for each state: (1) the number and characteristics of children in foster care, (2) the percentage of children in foster care who achieve permanency, and (3) the percentage of children in foster care who exit to emancipation.46 This chapter presents key findings of the analyses of these data across states.47 The source of most of the data presented in this chapter is the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS).48

NUMBERS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

As was noted in the preceding Child Welfare Outcomes Report (20072010), there continues to be a downward trend in the number of children in foster care. Table III-1 shows this continuous decline in the number of children in foster care on the last day of the fiscal year (FY) between 2008 and 2011. This table also shows the total number of children entering and exiting care during these time periods. Note, however, that the data referenced in table III-1 are current as of February 17, 2012.
Table III-1. Number of Children in Foster Care, 2008-2011* 2008
Children in care, last day of FY Children entering care Children exiting care
* All numbers presented in this table are rounded to the nearest thousand.

2009
424,000 250,000 273,000

2010
409,000 250,000 252,000

2011
407,000 247,000 240,000

458,000 268,000 284,000

The data in table III-1 demonstrate a decline in the number of children in foster care between 2008 and 2011. An even more dramatic decline is seen when viewing the data over a longer period of time. The Departments report, Trends in Foster Care and AdoptionFY 2002FY 2011, shows the number of children in foster care declining from 523,000 to 401,000, a 23.3 percent decrease. The data in that report are updated compared to the standard data used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report for most analyses.49
44

45 46 47 48 49

For the purposes of this report, foster care refers to a variety of out-of-home placement settings, including foster family homes, group homes, shelters, residential treatment facilities, and similar placements for children who are placed away from their parents or guardians in 24-hour substitute care and under the placement and care responsibility of the state child welfare agency for at least 24 hours (see 45 CFR 1355, Appendix A, Section II). For the Child Welfare Outcomes Report, the discharge reasons of reunification with parents or primary caretakers and living with other relatives are combined into the category of reunification. Unless otherwise specified, the data used in this report are for FY 2011 (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011). In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states, depending on the number of states that submitted adequate data for a particular measure. Data used in this report may be different from other sources for a number of reasons, especially the timing of data collection. All 2011 AFCARS data used in this report are current as of February 17, 2012. For more information, see Trends in Foster Care and AdoptionFY 2002FY 2011 on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/trends-infoster-care-and-adoption). The data used in Trends in Foster Care and AdoptionFY 2002FY 2011 were updated as of July 2012. AFCARS data from 2008 through 2011 used throughout this Child Welfare Outcomes Report were updated as of February 17, 2012.
CHAPTER III | 11

The AFCARS data do not provide any information that would allow an analysis of the reasons for the decline in the number of children in foster care. However, a number of states have been making deliberate efforts to safely reduce the number of children in care through various programmatic and policy initiatives.50 For example, some states have been providing more in-home services to families, increasing efforts to identify relative homes when out-of-home care is necessary, hiring more child protective services (CPS) staff, or implementing greater use of family group decision-making meetings.51

Longer range AFCARS data show that, between FYs 2002 and 2011, the number of children in care on the last day of the FY decreased by 23.3 percent from 523,000 to 401,000.

States differed considerably in 2011 with respect to both the number of children in foster care and the rate of foster care entry, defined as the number of children entering foster care per 1,000 children in the state population.52 The foster care child entry rate ranged from 1.3 to 8.5 children per 1,000 children in the population, and the median across states was 3.7 children per 1,000 children in the population (N=51 states). The reasons for variations in the rate of foster care entry are difficult to determine. The variation cannot be attributed to differences in the rate of child victims in a state because the correlation between foster care entry rates and child victim rates in 2011 was low (Pearsons r=.14). This observation also was made in prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. Variations in entry rates may be due to differences across states in policies regarding when children are removed from the home and placed in foster care.53 The existence and availability of services designed to support families and enable children to remain in the home also may affect the number of children who enter foster care within a state. Table III-2 presents information for 2011 pertaining to the ages and race/ethnicity of children reported at the time of their entry into foster care.
Table III-2. Characteristics of Children Entering Foster Care, 2011
Childrens Age at Entry (N=52 states) Under 1 year 13 years 47 years 811 years 1215 years 16+ years Childrens Race/Ethnicity at Entry (N=52 states)* Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races
* All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

Range (Percent) 8.023.8% 14.228.3 13.026.1 9.218.5 11.731.0 3.322.5 0.050.4 0.010.9 0.067.4 0.018.9 0.997.9 0.495.2 0.032.0

Median (Percent) 15.2% 20.3 19.0 13.8 19.3 10.1 0.3 0.3 18.7 0.1 10.4 47.7 1.1

As shown in table III-2, the age of children entering foster care varied dramatically across states in 2011. In Wyoming, for example, approximately 51.2 percent of the children entering foster care were age 12 or older at the time of entry. By contrast, in Texas, only 15.0 percent of the children entering foster care were age 12 or older at entry. However, in all states except Wyoming, at least half of
50

51 52 53

See the following for examples: (1) Freundlich, M. (2010). Legislative strategies to safely reduce the number of children in foster care. National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/documents/cyf/strategies_reducing_the_number_of_children_in_foster_care.pdf; and (2) National Governors Association Center for Best Practices. (2010). State efforts to safely reduce the number of children in foster care. Retrieved from http://www.nga.org/cms/home/nga-center-for-best-practices/centerpublications/page-ehsw-publications/col2-content/main-content-list/state-efforts-to-safely-reduce-t.html U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2011). TANF and child welfare programs: Increased data sharing could improve access to benefits and services. (GAO-12-2). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-2 Rate of entry is calculated by dividing the total number of children entering foster care in a state by the total child population in that state and multiplying by 1,000 [(N entering FC/child population) x 1,000]. See the following for examples: Wertheimer, R. (2006). An assessment of state-level data on child maltreatment and foster care: Summary of a meeting of experts. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/Files/Child_Trends-2006_04_01_OP_ChildWelfareData.pdf

CHAPTER III | 12

the children entering foster care were under the age of 12. In 16 states, the percentage of children under the age of 12 at the time of entry was at least 75.0 percent.

Disproportionate racial representation among children entering foster care54

Disproportionate racial representation of child victims of maltreatment was discussed in chapter II. Similarly, in 2011, there were many states in which the percentage of minority race/ethnicity children entering foster care was disproportionate to the percentage of these In 2011, disproportionate representation was children in the states population.55 There were no states in which the found for Black children (32 states), Alaska percentage of White children entering foster care significantly exceeded Native/American Indian children (17 states), and the percentage of these children in the states population. children reported as having two or more races The following key findings pertain to the disproportionate (20 states) entering foster care. representation of Black children entering foster care in 2011: In 32 states, the percentage of Black children entering foster care was at least one and one-half times greater than the
percentage of these children in the states population.56

In five of these 32 states, the percentage of Black children entering foster care was at least three times greater than the
percentage of these children in the states population (Iowa, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Wyoming).
The following key findings pertain to the disproportionate representation of Alaska Native/American Indian children entering foster care in 2011: In 17 states, the percentage of Alaska Native/American Indian children entering foster care was at least one and one-half times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population.57 In 10 of these 17 states, the percentage of Alaska Native/American Indian children entering foster care was at least three times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population (Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin). The following key findings pertain to the disproportionate representation of children reported as having two or more races entering foster care in 2011: In 20 states, the percentage of children reported as having two or more races entering foster care was at least one and onehalf times greater than the percentage of these children in the states population.58

RANGE OF PERFORMANCE IN ACHIEVING PERMANENCY FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

Nationally, approximately 240,000 children exited foster care in 2011. Table III-3 provides a breakdown of the foster care discharge reasons reported for these children.

54 55

In this report, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. The Hispanic ethnicity category includes children of any race. For the purposes of this report, representation is considered disproportionate when a racial/ethnic group of children entering foster care constitutes at least one and one-half times the number of children of that racial/ethnic group in a state. The analysis of disproportionate representation was conducted for Black, White, Alaska Native/American Indian, Hispanic children (of any race), and children reported as having two or more races. Other races were not included in the analysis because of their very small representation in the population of the majority of states. Puerto Rico was excluded from the foster care entry race and ethnicity analysis due to unavailable data. The 32 states in which Black children entering foster care were overrepresented were Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The 17 states in which Alaska Native/American Indian children entering foster care were overrepresented were Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. The 20 states in which children with two or more races entering foster care were overrepresented were Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and West Virginia.

56

57 58

CHAPTER III | 13

Table III-3. Foster Care Discharge Reasons, 2011* Discharge Reason

Adoption Emancipation Guardianship Reunification Other
* All numbers presented in this table are rounded to the nearest thousand. ** The percent of total exits does not total 100 percent due to rounding.

Number of Children
49,000 26,000 15,000 143,000 5,000

Percent of Total Exits (N=240,000)**

20.4% 10.8 6.3 59.6 2.1

According to table III-3, 207,000 (86.3 percent) of the children exiting foster care discharged to a permanent home in 2011 (i.e., were discharged to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship). State performance with regard to finding permanent homes for foster children is addressed through a number of measures. The original outcome measures established to assess this performance area are shown in table III-4, along with the measures that are part of CFSR composite 3. Composite measures are preceded with the letter C.59
Table III-4. Range of State Performance, 2011 Outcome 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care Outcome Measures*
Measure 3.1: Of all children who exited foster care during the year, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=51 states) Measure 3.2: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were identified as having a diagnosed disability, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=47 states) Measure 3.3: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were older than age 12 at the time of their most recent entry into care, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=51 states) **Measure 3.4: Of all children exiting foster care in the year to emancipation, what percentage were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into care? (N=51 states) Measure C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? (N=51 states) Measure C3.2: Of all children who were discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? (N=47 states) **Measure C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for three years or longer? (N=51 states)
* Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all of the relevant years. ** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

25th Percentile
83.1%

National Median (50th Percentile)

87.3%

75th Percentile
90.2%

Range (Percent)
72.895.4%

69.4

78.0

81.7

42.692.9

58.7 19.0 25.6

66.0 25.0 31.8

71.7 33.2 36.8

33.591.5 5.352.1 14.052.1

90.9

95.0

96.8

84.899.1

34.0

43.4

50.0

12.275.0

Measures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and C3.2 assess permanency for children at the time of discharge from foster care. The data in table III-4 suggest that, in 2011, states were generally successful in achieving permanent homes for children discharged from foster care who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (measure C3.2, median = 95.0 percent).60 Nonetheless, it is important to keep in mind States tend to be substantially more successful in that a central goal in child welfare is to find permanent, secure homes finding permanent homes for the general foster for 100 percent of the children who must enter foster care. care population (87.3 percent) than for children Children with disabilities and older youth in foster care with a diagnosed disability (78.0 percent) and For 2011, a long-standing pattern continues in which states tend to children who entered foster care when they were be substantially more successful in finding permanent homes for the older than age 12 (66.0 percent). general foster care population (87.3 percent) but less successful in this
59 60

Additional information about the measures and composites can be found in appendix B. Composite measures are preceded by a C throughout this report to distinguish them from the original set of outcome measures. A child is considered legally free for adoption if a date for the termination of parental rights is reported to AFCARS for both mother and father.

CHAPTER III | 14

effort for children with a diagnosed disability (78.0 percent) and children who entered foster care when they were older than age 12 (66.0 percent). See measures 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 in table III-4. These disparities in finding permanent homes for children with disabilities and older children have been consistent findings in previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports and align with other research findings from the field.61 Because children with diagnosed disabilities often need higher levels of care, they are more likely to be placed in residential treatment centers and are therefore less likely to achieve permanent placements with families. Older children in foster care may face a number of age-specific barriers to permanency.62 For example, there may be a dearth of families that have been identified who are willing and able to provide permanent homes for older youth. In addition, child welfare agencies may lack the resources or commitment needed in order to establish permanency options for these older youth in care. The youth themselves also might show some resistance to permanency planning, especially if it involves the termination of their birth parents rights. Youth also may be unaware of the long-term consequences of not having a family to turn to during their young adult years. The current findings in this report on the difficulties in establishing permanency for older children and children with disabilities suggest that agencies should continue to review their data and current practices to consider whether there are ways to increase placing these children in permanent homes.

Children in foster care for long periods of time

Measure C3.1 examines a cohort of children who have been in foster care for a long period of time (those who have been in foster care for 24 months or longer as of the first of the year). The measure follows these children from the first day of the year to the last and focuses on the percentage of children who reach permanency. While there was a wide range in performance for measure C3.1 for 2011 (14.0 percent to 52.1 percent), the data indicate that all states struggled to some degree with this measure. The median of all states performance shows that only 31.8 percent of these children had permanent homes by the end of the year. There is some evidence that states that are generally successful in achieving permanency for children at the time of exit from foster care (measure 3.1) also are successful in achieving permanency for children who are in foster care for long periods of time (measure C3.1). This is demonstrated by the fact that there is a moderate positive correlation (Pearsons r=.67) between these two measures.

Youth emancipating from foster care

Measures 3.4 and C3.3 focus on youth who reach age 18 or exit foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation. These are youth for whom the state was unable to find a permanent home. Nationally, approximately 26,000 youth were emancipated from foster care in 2011. One of the issues addressed by these measures is the amount of time children were in foster care before emancipation.
States vary substantially in the percentage of foster youth exiting to emancipation, and there is no demonstrable relationship with the number of youth entering foster care who are age 12 or older.

In general, there was considerable variation across states regarding the percentage of children exiting foster care who were reported to AFCARS as having a discharge reason of emancipation. In 2011, states with the lowest percentages of children exiting foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation were West Virginia (1.8 percent), Wyoming (2.4 percent), and Mississippi (3.4 percent). States with the highest percentages were Virginia (24.3 percent), Delaware (22.7 percent), and Maryland (22.3 percent). In 2011, the median across states for children exiting foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation was 9.6 percent.63 In examining the extensive variation across states in the percentage of children exiting foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation, it might be expected that the variation would be due to differences across states in the ages of children entering foster care (i.e., that there should be a strong correlation between a state having a high number of youth entering foster care and a state having a high percentage of foster youth exiting to emancipation). This was not the case. The percentage of children discharged from foster care who were emancipated was not found to have any substantial relationship with the percentage of children entering foster care in the state who were age 12 or older (Pearsons r=.16). This finding is consistent with similar analyses conducted for prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. The data shown in table III-4 suggest that, in many states, a considerable percentage of children who were emancipated from foster care in 2011 were in foster care for long periods of time before they were emancipated (measures 3.4 and C3.3). In about one-half of
61 62 63

Becker, M., Jordan, N., & Larsen, R. (2007). Predictors of successful permanency planning and length of stay in foster care: The role of race, diagnosis and place of residence. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 11021113. Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2006). Enhancing permanency for older youth in out-of-home care. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/focus/enhancing/index.cfm The median of 9.6 percent refers to the median across states for all children exiting foster care to emancipation. This should not be confused with the medians for measures 3.4 and C3.3, which are subpopulations of the total number of children discharged to emancipation.

CHAPTER III | 15

the states, 25.0 percent or more of the children emancipated from foster care were age 12 or younger when they entered foster care (measure 3.4). In addition, in about one-half of the states, 43.4 percent or more of the children emancipated from foster care, or who turned age 18 while in care, were in care for three years or longer (measure C3.3).

CHANGES OVER TIME IN STATE PERFORMANCE ON MEASURES OF ACHIEVING PERMANENCY

Table III-5 presents the median performances across states for 2008 to 2011 on measures pertaining to achieving permanency for children in foster care. The table also presents a summary of the change in state performance between 2008 and 2011 on these measures. Change in performance over time was computed by using a percent change calculation.64 These median performances and changes in performance over time should be viewed together in order to gain a better understanding of trends over time.
Table III-5. Median State Performance and Change in Performance Over Time, 20082011* Outcome 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care Median Performance by Year (Percent)*** 2008
Measure 3.1: Percentage of all children exiting foster care to a permanent home. (N=50 states) Measure 3.2: Percentage of all children with a diagnosed disability exiting foster care who were discharged to a permanent home. (N=42 states) Measure 3.3: Percentage of all children who entered foster care when they were older than age 12 who were discharged to a permanent home. (N=50 states) ****Measure 3.4: Percentage of all children who were emancipated from foster care who entered foster care when they were age 12 or younger. (N=50 states) Measure C3.1: Percentage of children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the fiscal year who were discharged to a permanent home or who turned 18 by the end of the year. (N=50 states) *****Measure C3.2: Percentage of children discharged from foster care who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge and who exited to a permanent home. (N=44 states) ****Measure C3.3: Percentage of children emancipated or turning age 18 while in foster care who were in foster care for three years or longer. (N=50 states) 87.7% 77.6 67.6

Outcome Measures**

States That Improved in Performance 20082011

5 states (10%) 15 states (36%) 14 states (28%)

States That Declined in Performance 20082011

3 states (6%) 7 states (17%) 16 states (32%)

2009
87.3% 77.8 66.6

2010
86.7% 77.9 65.6

2011
87.3% 78.1 66.0

26.1

26.3

25.5

25.1

27 states (54%)

17 states (34%)

28.7

29.7

29.7

32.3

29 states (58%)

8 states (16%)

93.3

93.8

94.9

95.0

4 states (9%)

0 states (0%)

46.1

45.8

44.4

43.6

27 states (54%)

11 states (22%)

* In accordance with standard procedure in this report, when there was a percent change of less than 5.0 in either direction (positive or negative), a determination was made that
there was no change in performance.
** The definitions for the measures in all cross-year comparison tables in this report have been shortened due to the complexity of the tables. Full descriptions for the measures in
this table can be found in table III-3 or appendix B. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all of the relevant years.
*** The 2011 data in this table may be different from the data in table III-3 due to differences in the number of states used for each analysis.
**** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.
***** A child is legally free for adoption if a date for the parental rights termination is reported to AFCARS for both parents.

As shown in table III-5, the most notable change in performance between 2008 and 2011 is in the percentage of children in foster care for 24 months or longer who attained permanency by the end of the year (measure C3.1). For this measure, the majority of states (58 percent) showed improved performance, and the national median exhibited a 12.5 percent change between 2008 and 2011. There also were improvements in the percentage of children emancipating or turning age 18 while in foster care who were in foster care for three years or longer (measure C3.3). For this measure, 54 percent of states demonstrated improvement between 2008 and 2011. Furthermore, the national median improved from 46.1 percent in 2008 to 43.6 percent in 2011, a 5.4 percent change over this time period (note that a lower percentage is desirable for this measure).
Between 2008 and 2011, 58 percent of states showed improved performance in the percentage of children in foster care for long periods of time who attained permanency by the end of the year.

A slight majority of states (54 percent) demonstrated improved performance in the percentage of children emancipated from foster care who entered foster care when they were age 12 or younger (measure 3.4). However, a significant number of states are still
64

Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change.

CHAPTER III | 16

struggling in this area as well, as evidenced by 34 percent declining in performance. While the number of states with improving performance exceeds the number with declining performance between 2008 and 2011, this mix in performance is the likely reason that the national median exhibited only a slight improvement, decreasing from 26.1 percent in 2008 to 25.1 percent in 2011 (note that a lower percentage is desirable on this measure). There were no distinct patterns of change across states for the other measures associated with Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care. In particular, a large majority (91 percent) of states exhibited no change in performance on measure C3.2, which evaluates exits to permanent homes of children who were legally free for adoption. Similarly, the majority (84 percent) of states did not show a change for measure 3.1, which assesses exits to permanent homes of all children exiting foster care. Many states struggled to find permanent homes for children with disabilities (measure 3.2, median = 78.0 percent, range = 42.6 to 92.9 percent) and for children who entered foster care when they were older than age 12 (measure 3.3, median = 66.0 percent, range = 33.5 to 91.5 percent). For measure 3.2, 15 states (36 percent) showed an improvement in performance between 2008 and 2011, while seven states (17 percent) showed a performance decline. The national median for this measure changed only minimally, from 77.6 in 2008 to 78.1 in 2011. For measure 3.3, the national median changed only slightly between 2008 and 2011, and the percentage of states that showed an improvement between 2008 and 2011 was almost equivalent to the percentage that showed a decline (32 percent showed an improvement, and 28 percent showed a performance decline).

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS REGARDING ACHIEVING PERMANENCY FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

Some positive findings emerged in the data between 2008 and 2011 with regard to achieving permanency for children in foster care. One notable result in the analysis was the demonstrated improvement in finding permanent homes for children in foster care for long periods of time (measure C3.1, 58 percent of states showed improvement for children in foster care for 24 months or longer). Another interesting point is that states that were successful in achieving permanency for children at the time of exit from foster care (measure 3.1) also were successful in achieving permanency for children who are in foster care for long periods of time (measure C3.1). This is demonstrated by the fact that there is a strong positive correlation (Pearsons r=.67) between these two measures. Understanding the practices of successful states could provide useful guidance to states that are striving to improve performance in these areas. Overall, states showed progress in reducing the percentages of children exiting foster care to emancipation. The majority of states (54 percent) demonstrated improvements in the percentage of children emancipating or turning age 18 while in foster care who were in foster care for three years or longer (measure C3.3). Additionally, many states demonstrated a reduction in the number of children emancipating from foster care who entered foster care at age 12 or younger (measure 3.4, 54 percent of states showed improvement); however, the national median for this measure improved only slightly. Historically, many states have struggled in this area. Though it is encouraging to note that many states are making progress in their efforts to find permanent homes for older youth and for children in care for longer periods of time, these are still areas that call for some additional consideration from state program administrators and policy makers. There was considerable variation across states regarding the percentage of children exiting foster care with a discharge reason of emancipation. In examining this extensive variation, it might be expected that states that take more adolescents and older youth into foster care would have more exits to emancipation. This was not the case. The percentage of children discharged from foster care who were emancipated was not found to have any substantial relationship with the percentage of children entering foster care in the state who were age 12 or older (Pearsons r=.16). This finding is consistent with similar analyses conducted for prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. Consistent with previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, the measures assessing permanency for children at the time of discharge from foster care indicate that, across the states, the majority of children exiting foster care in 2011 were discharged to permanent homes (measure 3.1, median = 87.3 percent). In addition, the vast majority of the children who were legally free for adoption at the time of exit from foster care were discharged to permanent homes (measure C3.2, median = 95.0 percent). A less positive finding in the 2011 data is that some states experienced challenges finding permanent homes for children with disabilities (table III-4, measure 3.2, median = 78.0 percent, range = 42.6 to 92.9 percent) and for children who entered foster care when they were older than age 12 (measure 3.3, median = 66.0 percent, range = 33.5 to 91.5 percent). This has been a consistent finding of the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, and it suggests that special efforts are still needed to eliminate some of the disparities in the achievement of permanency for these two groups of children.
CHAPTER III | 17

CHAPTER III | 18

IV: Achieving Timely Reunifications

and Adoptions for Children in Foster Care

While chapter III broadly discussed the issue of permanency and noted some special issues for the diverse population of children and youth in foster care, this chapter focuses more specifically on the achievement of permanency through reunification and adoption.65 Timeliness of guardianships is not addressed in this chapter because the percentage of children who are discharged from foster care to guardianship is very small in almost all states. However, the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-351) created an option for states to provide kinship guardianship assistance payments under title IV-E of the Social Security Act (the Act). This may contribute to an increase in guardianships in the future. Timeliness of achieving permanency for children in foster care is critical to their well-being.66 This emphasis is reinforced and supported by federal policy and law, such as the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA), which stresses the importance of the timely identification of permanent homes for children taken into foster care.

Introduction

CASEWORKER VISITS
Achieving permanency in a timely manner for foster children can be linked in part to the frequency and quality of caseworker visits with children. During the first and second rounds of the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs), an association was found between caseworker visits measures and positive outcomes for children in foster care. For example, frequent contact between the caseworker and the child (as indicated by positive ratings on Item 19 in the CFSR onsite review instrument) was associated with better ratings on CFSR Permanency Outcome 1: Children have permanency and stability in their living situations.67 Based in part on these findings, the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-288) amended title IV-B of the Act to include requirements for states to collect data on monthly caseworker visits for children in foster care.68 States reported caseworker visit data from 2007 to 2011 under these requirements.69 The Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-34) modified those requirements, now in section 424(f )(1) and (2) of the Act.70 States were required to begin meeting these new performance requirements and using the new methodology for reporting caseworker visits data in 2012.71 The data regarding caseworker visits presented in this report are not CFSR onsite review data but are derived from the data that states were required to report under the original monthly caseworker visit requirements in P.L. 109-288. The caseworker visits data presented in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report include the percentage of foster children visited each full month they were in foster care, as well as the proportion of those visits that occurred in the homes where the children were then living. Data for Monthly Caseworker Visits (MCV) and Visits in the Home (VIH) for 2008 through 2011 are shown in table IV-1.
Table IV-1. Monthly Caseworker Visits and Visits in the Home, 20082011 Measure
The percentage of children receiving monthly caseworker visits (MCV). (N=52 states) The percentage of the monthly visits that occurred in the home of the child (VIH). (N=52 states)

Median Across States (Percent) 2008

46% 78

2009
63% 82

2010
74% 87

2011
82% 88

65

66 67

In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states, depending on the number of states that submitted adequate data for a particular measure. The data presented throughout this chapter come from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS), to which all states report. Lutz, L. L. (2003). Achieving permanence for children in the child welfare system: Pioneering possibilities amidst daunting challenges. Retrieved from http://www.hunter.cuny. edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/downloads/achieving-permanence.pdf The CFSR onsite review instrument can be found on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/cfsr-onsite-instrument-instructions). Detailed information concerning Item 19 and its relationship to various other measures in the CFSR onsite reviews can be found on page 35 in the following publication: http://www.acf. hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/results/genfindings04/genfindings04.pdf More information about the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 can be found on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/ pl-109-288). More information on the caseworker visits measures can be found in appendix C of this report. Information on previous caseworker visits data collection and reporting requirements can be found in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-08-03 issued April 18, 2008 (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/pi0803.pdf). More information about the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2011 can be found on the Childrens Bureau website under Information Memorandum ACYF-CBIM-11-06 (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/im1106). More detailed guidance on revised requirements for reporting the caseworker visits measures using the new methodology for reporting caseworker visits data is outlined in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-12-01 issued January 6, 2012 (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/pi1201.pdf).
CHAPTER IV | 19

68 69 70 71

As is illustrated in table IV-1, the median percentage of children receiving monthly caseworker visits increased substantially over time, from 46 percent in 2008 to 82 percent in 2011 (a 78.3 percent change).72 Prior to P.L. 109-288 taking effect, there was no federal requirement regarding how often children in foster care were to be visited by their caseworkers. Though it is impossible to establish causation, communication between the Childrens Bureau and several states indicates that the substantial increase in the median percentage of children receiving monthly caseworker visits between 2008 and 2011 is associated with increased state utilization of resources, more accurate and complete reporting, and supervisory emphasis on caseworker visits. There also was an increase in the median percentage of the monthly visits that occurred in the home of the child. The median for this measure increased from 78 percent in 2008 to 88 percent in 2011 (a 12.8 percent change). Though this increase was not as dramatic as the increase in percentage of monthly visits, it further indicates that states are placing increased emphasis on the importance of caseworkers making frequent home visits to the children on their caseloads.

TIMELINESS OF REUNIFICATIONS73
The assessment of timeliness of reunification is addressed through Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry. The wording of this outcome is intended to ensure that reunifications are not viewed as timely if they also are not permanent (i.e., if the child reenters foster care within 12 months after being reunified). Table IV-2 presents summary data regarding state performance in federal fiscal year (FY) 2011 (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011) on key measures assessing both the timeliness and permanency of reunification. This table includes one of the measures originally developed for the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports (measure 4.1), as well as the measures that are part of CFSR composite 1.74
Table IV-2. Range of State Performance, 2011 Outcome 4: Achieving Timely Reunifications Outcome Measures*
Measure 4.1: Of all children reunified with their parents or caretakers at the time of discharge from foster care during the year, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the time of entry into foster care? (N=51 states) Measure C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment**) (N=50 states) ***Measure C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=50 states) Measure C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=50 states) ***Measure C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? (N=51 states)

25th Percentile
60.4%

National Median (50th Percentile)

68.4%

75th Percentile
74.7%

Range (Percent)
39.288.7%

64.7

70.5

74.5

39.989.5

6.1 mos.

7.6 mos.

8.7 mos.

1.915.4 mos.

32.6

41.3

46.9

14.766.7

8.7

11.9

15.0

2.327.8

* Numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured by months, as noted. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all relevant
years.
** If a childs last foster care placement setting was a trial home visit, any time in that placement setting beyond the first 30 days is subtracted when calculating the length of stay in
foster care.
*** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

72 73 74

Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change. For the Child Welfare Outcomes Report and the CFSR composite measures, children are considered reunified if the discharge reason provided to AFCARS is either (1) reunified with parent or primary caretaker, or (2) living with other relatives. Additional information about the measures and composites can be found in appendix B. Composite measures are preceded by a C throughout this report to distinguish them from the original set of outcome measures.

CHAPTER IV | 20

Performance with regard to the timeliness of reunification and reentry rate

Timeliness of reunification is assessed through a number of approaches in order to provide a comprehensive picture of performance regarding this outcome. Because a states reunification speed is understood best when it also is known how many of those children reentered foster care within a short period of time, a measure of reentry also is included. Three of the measures of timeliness of reunification focus on childrens lengths of stay in foster care at the time that they are discharged to reunification (measures 4.1, C1.1, and C1.2). The 2011 data shown in table IV-2 indicate that, in many states, a majority of children discharged to reunification were reunified in a timely manner. For the purposes of the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports and the CFSR, a reunification is considered to be timely if it occurs in less than 12 months from the date of entry into foster care. Across states, the median percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months was between 68.4 and 70.5 percent (measures 4.1 and C1.1). The median length of stay of reunified children was 7.6 months (measure C1.2). The measures discussed above reflect the percentage of all children in foster care who exited to reunification regardless of when they entered care. However, another useful approach is to examine timeliness of reunification using a longitudinal measure for a cohort of children. Measure C1.3 examines only children who came into foster care for the first time (an entry cohort) during the last six months of the prior year. These children then are tracked for the following 12 months to determine the percentage that reunified before the end of that 12-month period. Because this measure reflects the percentage of first-time entries who exit to reunification rather than the percentage of all children in foster care, the results look very In at least 75.0 percent of states, different from the noncohort measures, 4.1 and C1.1. As shown in table IV-2, the the majority of children who entered median across states was 41.3 percent (versus greater than 68.4 percent for both 4.1 and C1.1), and the 75th percentile was 46.9 percent (versus greater than 74.5 foster care for the first time in the percent for both 4.1 and C1.1). Therefore, in at least 75.0 percent of the states, the last six months of 2010 were still in majority of children who entered foster care for the first time in the last six months of foster care 12 months later. 2010 were still in foster care 12 months later. Measure C1.4 assesses the permanency of reunification (reentry rate). It follows for 12 months the group of all children who were discharged from foster care to reunification. This measure determines the percentage of those children who reentered foster care within 12 months of their prior discharge. The median across states for this measure is 11.9 percent. The following are additional important findings with regard to the timeliness of reunifications and the reentry rate for 2011: Moderate correlations were found between the measure of reentry into foster care and the age of children entering foster care. Many states with a relatively high percentage of children entering foster care who were age 12 or older at the time of entry also had a relatively high percentage of children reentering foster care (measure C1.4) (Pearsons r=.52). Conversely, many states with a relatively high percentage of children entering foster care at age 11 or younger also had a relatively low percentage of children reentering foster care (Pearsons r=.52). Because of the identified association between older youth and foster care reentry rate, states may want to consider what targeted strategies and services they could provide to youth and their families so that teenagers would be less likely to come back into foster care. Compared to younger children, teenagers may present very different challenges to states, and it appears that states will need to better understand these challenges if they are to prevent the higher reentry rate for these youth. Moderate correlations were found between the timeliness of reunification Many states with a relatively high measures and foster care entry rates. Several states with relatively high foster percentage of children entering foster care entry rates also had relatively high percentages of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months (measure C1.1) (Pearsons r=.42) and care who were age 12 or older at the relatively low median lengths of stay (measure C1.2) (Pearsons r=.45). A time of entry also had a relatively question to consider is whether states that tend to take more children into high percentage of children reentering foster care, in general, may be taking in more children from families with foster care (Pearsons r=.52). less severe concerns, making rapid reunification more feasible. An alternative explanation could be that states with lower foster care entry rates might have more services in place to support families and prevent entry. This could result in the higher needs children entering foster care, which also may extend the median lengths of stay for those states. Additional analysis from researchers in the field would be necessary to understand this issue fully.

CHAPTER IV | 21

CHANGES OVER TIME IN STATE PERFORMANCE WITH REGARD TO ACHIEVING TIMELY REUNIFICATIONS
Table IV-3 shows the change in the national median over time for state performance on achieving timely reunifications for children in foster care. This table also shows the number of states with an improvement or decline in performance, as calculated by a percent change calculation.
Table IV-3. Median State Performance and Change Over Time, 20082011* Outcome 4: Achieving Timely Reunifications Median Performance by Year (numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured by months, as noted)*** 2008
Measure 4.1: Percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months of the childs entry into foster care. (N=50 states) Measure C1.1: Percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months of the childs entry into foster care, with the eightday and trial home visit adjustments. (N=49 states) ****Measure C1.2: Median length of stay in months for children reunified, with the eight-day and trial home visit adjustments. (N=49 states) Measure C1.3: Percentage of reunifications occurring in less than 12 months of the childs entry into foster care for children entering foster care for the first time, with the eight-day and trial home visit adjustments. (N=48 states) ****Measure C1.4: Percentage of children reentering foster care in less than 12 months from being reunified. (N=49 states) 67.2%

Outcome Measures**

States That Improved in Performance 20082011

12 states (24%)

States That Declined in Performance 20082011

8 states (16%)

2009
67.2%

2010
68.4%

2011
68.0%

68.4

67.5

67.5

70.4

15 states (31%)

3 states (6%)

7.9 mos.

8.0 mos.

7.8 mos.

7.7 mos.

18 states (37%)

16 states (33%)

43.4

41.4

42.5

41.3

10 states (21%)

23 states (48%)

13.2

12.4

12.6

11.8

24 states (49%)

14 states (29%)

* In accordance with standard procedure in this report, when there was a percent change of less than 5.0 in either direction (positive or negative), a determination was made that
there was no change in performance.
** The definitions for the measures in all cross-year comparison tables in this report have been shortened due to the complexity of the tables. Full descriptions for the measures in
this table can be found in table IV-2 or appendix B. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all relevant years.
*** The 2011 data included on this table may be different from the data included in table IV-2 due to differences in the number of states included for each analysis.
**** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

As illustrated in table IV-3, the most notable change in performance between 2008 and 2011 is in the percentage of children reentering foster care in less than 12 months from being reunified (measure C1.4). For this measure, 24 states (49 percent) showed improvement over time, and the median improved from 13.2 in 2008 to 11.8 in 2011, which amounted to a 10.6 percent change (note that a lower percentage is desirable for this measure). These findings indicate that overall states are improving with regard to the permanency of reunifications.

TIMELINESS OF ADOPTIONS
The majority of children exiting foster care are reunified with their families, not adopted (see table III-3). However, when a decision is made that adoption is in the best interest of the child, adoption should proceed rapidly so that the child is able to be placed quickly in a secure, caring, and safe environment. As referenced in the beginning of this chapter, timeliness of achieving permanency for children in foster care is critical to their well being. ASFA amended section 475(5)(E) of the Act to require that a state file a petition to terminate the parents parental rights and concurrently pursue adoption as a permanency goal for any child who has been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, unless the agency documents a compelling reason why such action would not be in the best interests of the child. In accordance with section 475(5)(F), a child is considered to have entered foster care (for purposes of starting the clock for the 15 of 22 months) on the earlier of: 1. The first judicial finding that the child has been subjected to abuse and/or neglect, or 2. The date that is 60 days (two months) after the date on which the child is removed from the home For the purposes of calculating this reports related outcome measures, a 17-month timeframe was used because the AFCARS data system does not collect information pertaining to the date of the first judicial finding. The Department uses the date of the childs removal and adds to this date the 60 days and 15 months specified in the legislation to give this outcome measure its 17-month timeframe.
CHAPTER IV | 22

Other measures of adoption timeliness are also used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. All of these measures will be discussed in this section. Nationally, approximately 105,000 children were waiting for adoption, and 50,000 children exited foster care to adoption in 2011.75 Outcome 5 addresses the timeliness of adoptions, which is measured by original outcome measure 5.1, as well as the five individual measures that are part of CFSR composite 2. Table IV-4 presents summary data showing the range of state performance in 2011 on the measures relevant to this outcome.
Table IV-4. Range of State Performance, 2011 Outcome 5: Achieving Timely Adoptions Outcome Measures*
**Measure 5.1a: Of all children discharged from care during the year to a finalized adoption, what percentage were discharged in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=51 states) Measure C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=51 states) ***Measure C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from home to the date of discharge to adoption? (N=51 states) Measure C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? (N=51 states) Measure C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in foster care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day, what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first six months of the year? (N=47 states) Measure C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? (N=47 states)

25th Percentile
2.4%

National Median (50th Percentile)

3.8%

75th Percentile
7.0%

Range (Percent)
0.039.8%

26.2 26.5 mos. 20.4

33.5 29.5 mos. 25.1

40.3 32.2 mos. 31.4

8.085.6 14.347.3 mos. 13.045.9

8.5

13.5

16.5

1.525.9

46.5

59.6

69.2

28.887.0

* Numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured by months, as noted. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available.
** Measure 5.1 was among the original outcome measures established in 1998. It is a calculation of discharges to adoption for a range of time periods. Measure 5.1a denotes a
12-month period for the measure.
*** For this measure, fewer months indicate better performance.

Outcome measures 5.1, C2.1, and C2.2 focus on the length of time in foster care for children who are discharged to adoption. Performance on these measures in 2011 suggests that achieving timely adoptions is a challenge for all but a few states. As shown in table IV-4, in 2011, it was unusual in most states for adoptions to occur in less than 12 months from the childs entry into foster care. The national median for the corresponding measure (5.1a) was only 3.8 percent. In six states, however, the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 12 months was more than 10.0 percent. These states were Utah (39.8 percent), Florida (12.3 percent), Vermont (12.0 percent), Missouri (10.7 percent), Wyoming (10.3 percent), and Colorado (10.1 percent). Compared to adoptions occurring within 12 months, the data in table IV-4 The 2011 data indicate that achieving indicate that states were more successful in the percentage of adoptions adoptions in less than 24 months still occurring in less than 24 months from the childs entry into foster care remains a challenge for all but a few states (measure C2.1, median = 33.5 percent) but performance on this measure still needs improvement. A positive finding is that there were four states in which at least 50.0 percent of adoptions occurred in less than 24 months of the childs entry into foster care. These states were Utah (85.6 percent), Iowa (57.2 percent), Colorado (56.8 percent), and Florida (52.2 percent). In addition to knowing the length of time it takes for children to be adopted, it is also useful to examine factors in the progress toward the final goal of adoption. For example, a child must be legally free for adoption before a finalized adoption can take place. Two measures reported in table IV-4 (measures C2.3 and C2.4) assess the progress toward timely adoptions tracking individual children over time. These measures focus on children who were in foster care for at least 17 months on the first day of the year and follow them to determine: (1) the percentage adopted by the end of the year (measure C2.3), and (2) the percentage who became
75

There is no federal definition for a child waiting for adoption. The definition used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A states own definition may differ from that used here. Note that these adoption numbers are frequently updated. Please see the Childrens Bureau website for the most updated data (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/research-data-technology/statistics-research).

CHAPTER IV | 23

legally free for adoption in the first six months of the year (measure C2.4).76 The data presented in table IV-4 indicate that, across states, a small percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer at the start of 2011 were adopted by the end of that year (measure C2.3, median = 25.1 percent). The data also indicate that, across states, a smaller percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of 2011 became legally free for adoption within the first six months of that year (measure C2.4, median = 13.5 percent). As shown in the range for this measure, even in the highest performing state, only 25.9 percent of the children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of 2011 became legally free for adoption in the first six months of the year. As is apparent from these data, many states have not achieved the goal of seeking adoptions for foster children in a timely way. Another marker of progress toward adoption is how long it takes from the termination of parental rights to the finalization of the adoption. Measure C2.5 follows children for a 12-month period from the time that they became legally free for adoption to identify the percentage of children whose adoptions were finalized during that time period. Oftentimes, the practice expectation is that once parental rights have been terminated, the state should work as rapidly as possible to ensure that the child achieves a finalized adoption. As shown in table IV-4, state performance on this measure varies extensively (28.8 to 87.0 percent). For example, in four states (Illinois, Massachusetts, South Dakota, and West Virginia), fewer than 40.0 percent of the children who were legally free for adoption were adopted less than 12 months after becoming legally free. However, in four states (the District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Utah, and Vermont) 80.0 percent or more of the children who were legally free for adoption were adopted in less than 12 months after becoming legally free.

CHANGES OVER TIME IN STATE PERFORMANCE WITH REGARD TO TIMELINESS OF ADOPTIONS

The median performances across states for the years 2008 to 2011 on measures pertaining to achieving timely adoptions for children in foster care are presented in table IV-5.77 Table IV-5 also presents a breakdown of the number of states showing an improvement or decline in performance between 2008 and 2011. Change in median state performance over time was computed by using a percent change calculation.78

76 77 78

Measures C2.3 and C2.4 exclude children retrospectively from the denominator if the children exited from foster care during the specified time period to either reunification or guardianship The 2011 results displayed in this table may vary slightly from data included in table IV-4 because table IV-5 includes only states that provided data for the measures in all of the relevant years (2008 through 2011). Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change.

CHAPTER IV | 24

Table IV-5. Median State Performance and Change Over Time, 20082011* Outcome 5: Achieving Timely Adoptions Median Performance by Year (numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured as months, as noted) 2008
***Measure 5.1a: Percentage of children discharged to adoption in less than 12 months from the date of entry into foster care. (N=50 states) Measure C2.1: Percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 24 months from the date of entry into foster care. (N=50 states) ****Measure C2.2: States median length of stay in months for children adopted. (N=50 states) *****Measure C2.3: Percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the fiscal year who are adopted by the last day of the year. (N=50 states) ******Measure C2.4: Percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the fiscal year who become legally free for adoption in the first six months of the year. (N=44 states) Measure C2.5: Percentage of children who are legally free for adoption who are adopted in less than 12 months of becoming legally free. (N=44 states) 3.0%

Outcome Measures**

States That Improved in Performance 20082011

29 states (58%)

States That Declined in Performance 20082011

15 states (30%)

2009
3.4%

2010
3.6%

2011
3.7%

29.0

31.9

32.4

33.6

30 states (60%)

9 states (18%)

31.0 mos.

30.4 mos.

29.6 mos.

29.4 mos.

18 states (36%)

8 states (16%)

23.0

24.7

24.9

25.7

36 states (72%)

8 states (16%)

12.4

13.5

12.7

13.5

24 states (55%)

13 states (30%)

53.0

54.5

59.1

59.7

26 states (59%)

5 states (11%)

* In accordance with standard procedure in this report, when there was a percent change of less than 5.0 in either direction (positive or negative), a determination was made that there was no change in performance. ** The definitions for the measures in all cross-year comparison tables in this report have been shortened due to the complexity of the tables. Full descriptions for the measures in this table can be found in table IV-4 or appendix B. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all relevant years. *** Measure 5.1 was among the original outcome measures established in 1998. It is a calculation of discharges to adoption for a range of time periods. Measure 5.1a denotes a 12-month period for the measure. Other variations of measure 5.1 representing other time periods are not shown in this table. However, state performance on each of the time periods is included in each States Data Pages in chapter VI. See appendix B for more information on how the measure is defined. **** For this measure, fewer months indicate better performance. ***** The denominator for this measure excludes children who, by the last day of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or primary caretakers, living with other relatives, or guardianship. ****** A child is legally free for adoption if a date for the parental rights termination is reported to AFCARS for both parents. Also, the denominator for this measure excludes children who, during the first six months of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or primary caretakers, living with other relatives, or guardianship.

For all measures related to achieving timely adoptions, there were more states that demonstrated improved performance than there were states that demonstrated a performance decline. The most pronounced improvement was in the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who were adopted by the end of the year (measure C2.3). For this measure, 72 percent of states demonstrated improved performance between 2008 and 2011. In addition, the national median for measure C2.3 improved from 23.0 percent in 2008 to 25.7 percent in 2011 (an 11.7 percent change).

Seventy-two percent of states showed improved performance between 2008 and 2011 in the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who were adopted by the end of the year.

States also made substantial improvements in the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 12 months (measure 5.1a) and the percentage occurring in less than 24 months (measure C2.1). Fifty-eight percent of states experienced improved performance between 2008 and 2011 in the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 12 months (5.1a), and the national median for this measure improved from 3.0 percent in 2008 to 3.7 percent in 2011 (a 23.3 percent change). A majority of states (60 percent) also demonstrated improvements in the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 24 months (C2.1). The national median for this measure improved from 29.0 percent in 2008 to 33.6 percent in 2011 (a 15.9 percent change). Another area where states showed improvement was the percentage of children who were legally free for adoption who were adopted within 12 months of becoming legally free (measure C2.5). Fifty-nine percent of states showed improved performance on this measure between 2008 and 2011. In addition, the national median for this measure improved from 53.0 percent in 2008 to 59.7 percent in 2011 (a 12.6 percent change). States also improved the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who became legally free for adoption in the first 6 months of the year (measure C2.4). For this measure, 55 percent of states showed improved performance between 2008 and 2011. In addition, the national median for this measure improved from 12.4 percent in 2008 to
CHAPTER IV | 25

13.5 percent in 2011 (an 8.9 percent change). Note, however, that the national median for this measure fluctuated over the 4 years included in this report. Specifically, there was a decline in performance between 2009 and 2010 before the median returned to 2009 levels in 2011. Additionally, a significant number of states are still struggling in this area, as 13 (30 percent) demonstrated a decline in performance between 2008 and 2011.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS REGARDING ACHIEVING REUNIFICATIONS AND ADOPTIONS IN A TIMELY MANNER

Achieving timely reunifications

The assessment of reunification includes measures of both timeliness and permanency. The measures that assess timeliness of reunification indicate that, of those children reunified, the majority are reunified within 12 months from the time of entry into foster care (table IV-2, medians for measures 4.1 and C1.1 are 68.4 percent and 70.5 percent, respectively). There were no clear patterns in change over time for these two measures. In terms of the permanency of reunifications, the data show a trend toward a lower reentry rate among a large number of the states (table IV-3, 49 percent of states improved performance on measure C1.4 versus 29 percent that declined in performance). It is important that areas of timeliness and permanency be reviewed together so that states can develop strategies to improve performance in both. The results for the entry cohort measure (C1.3) indicate that, in most states, the majority of children entering foster care for the first time in the last six months of 2010 were still in foster care 12 months later. While more states declined than improved on this measure between 2008 and 2011, overall national performance remains fairly static (table IV-3, median = 41.3 percent). Although not all of these children eventually will exit foster care to reunification, many of them will be reunified after being in foster care for a year or longer. A consistent finding in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports is that many states A consistent finding in Child Welfare with a relatively high percentage of foster care reentries also had a relatively high Outcomes Reports is that states with percentage of children entering foster care who were adolescents (age 12 or older) (Pearsons r=.52). The challenges that these youth present to state child welfare more adolescents (age 12 or older) systems with regard to meeting the reunification needs of the children and their entering foster care tend to have families may be quite different from those encountered in working with younger higher reentry rates. children and their families, and states with large numbers of youth in their foster care populations would benefit from developing strategies that target the needs of these youth. The number of youth in foster care, broken down by age, is shown for each state on the data pages in chapter VI of this report.

Achieving timely adoptions

The data for 2011 indicate that achieving adoptions in a timely manner remains a challenge for many states. The exceptions to this pattern are Utah, Iowa, Colorado, and Florida, where 52.2 percent to 85.6 percent of the adoptions finalized in 2011 occurred in less than 24 months from the time of the childs entry into foster care. While the AFCARS data used in this report do not permit an analysis of why these states are more successful than others in achieving timely adoptions, future investigation by researchers in the field might consider focusing on this topic. Despite the challenges of achieving adoptions in a timely manner, many states have shown signs of improvement with regard to a number of measures in this area:
Despite the challenges of making adoptions timelier, many states demonstrated improved performance between 2008 and 2011 on several adoption measures contained in this report.

Seventy-two percent showed improved performance in the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who were adopted by the end of the year (measure C2.3). Sixty percent of states exhibited an improvement in performance in the percentage of adoptions occurring in less than 24 months from the childs entry into foster care (measure C2.1). Fifty-nine percent showed improved performance in the percentage of children who were legally free for adoption who were adopted within 12 months of becoming legally free (measure C2.5). Fifty-five percent showed improved performance with regard to the percentage of children in foster care for 17 months or longer on the first day of the year who became legally free for adoption in the first six months of the year (measure C2.4).
CHAPTER IV | 26

V: Achieving Stable and Appropriate

Placement Settings for Children in Foster Care

While a child is in foster care, it is the state child welfare agencys responsibility to ensure that the child is in a stable placement setting. The appropriateness of a placement setting also is important to the well-being of children in foster care. Placement setting stability is addressed in Outcome 6: Increase placement stability for children in foster care, and placement setting appropriateness is addressed in Outcome 7: Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions. In this report, placement setting stability is defined as a child having had two or fewer placement settings in a single foster care episode.79 This was the approach used in prior Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, and it also is consistent with the approach used for the composite measures in the second round of Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs). Outcome 7 is evaluated by examining the degree to which children age 12 or There are some foster children for younger are placed in family foster homes rather than group homes or institutions. whom a foster family setting will not By Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Report System (AFCARS) definitions, meet their highly specialized needs. relative and nonrelative family foster homes have up to six children; group homes have between seven and 12 children; and institutions have 13 or more children. However, a family setting commonly There are some instances in which a group home or institution is determined to be will be the most appropriate, especially the most appropriate placement to meet the needs of a child. For example, young for young children. children may need a particular type of care to meet certain physical or mental health needs. However, the concept behind this outcome measure is that, while group homes or institutions may be appropriate for some children and youth in foster care, younger children are likely to have their needs better met in a family setting. Table V-1 presents the findings of state performance on measures of placement stability (measure 6.1) and placements of young children in group homes or institutions (measure 7.1).80 For outcome measure 6.1, data are presented that measure placement stability for multiple timeframes for length of stay in foster care (i.e., less than 12 months, 12 months to less than 24 months, and 24 months or more).81
Table V-1. Range of State Performance, 2011 Outcomes 6 and 7: Achieving Stable and Appropriate Placement Settings Outcome Measures
Measure 6.1a: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for less than 12 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) Measure 6.1b: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) Measure 6.1c: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=49 states) *Measure 7.1: Of all children who entered foster care during the year and were age 12 or younger at the time of their most recent placement, what percentage were placed in a group home or institution? (N=50 states)
* For this measure, a lower number indicates better performance.

Introduction

25th Percentile
81.6%

National Median (50th Percentile)

85.9%

75th Percentile
87.5%

Range (Percent)
71.591.7%

57.6

63.4

67.4

44.876.9

26.6

32.8

38.6

12.145.8

2.4

4.5

6.5

0.820.2

As shown in table V-1, in most states, the majority of children in foster care for less than 12 months experienced no more than two placement settings in 2011 (measure 6.1a, median = 85.9 percent). It is encouraging that 85.9 percent of the children remain in stable placements during the first year in foster care. While there may be times when a new placement setting will be in the best interest of the child, such as a move to a placement that better reflects the service needs of the child, it is generally important for states to continue to do as much as they can to keep placement setting counts to a minimum.
79 80

A single foster care episode begins on the date when a child is removed from the home and ends when the child is discharged from foster care (is no longer under the care and placement responsibility of the state). The count of placement settings does not include temporary stays in hospitals, camps, respite care, or institutional placements. In this report, the designation of state includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Therefore, the report provides information on a total of 52 states, depending on the number of states that submitted adequate data for a particular measure. Unless otherwise specified, the data used in this report are for federal fiscal year (FY) 2011 (October 1, 2010September 30, 2011). For the second round of the CFSRs, three measures were developed as part of Composite 4: Placement stability. These composite measures are not shown in this chapter because the measures are almost identical to the original measures of placement stability incorporated in measure 6.1. We present data on measure 6.1 in this chapter to remain consistent with previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. However, individual state performances on composite 4 are presented in chapter VI of this report.
CHAPTER V | 27

81

Although most states appear to be reasonably successful in achieving placement stability for children in foster care for less than 12 months, states tend to be far less successful in keeping the number of placement settings low for children in foster care for longer periods of time. As shown in table V-1, the median across states declines from 85.9 percent for children in foster care for less than 12 months to 63.4 percent for children in foster care for 12 to 24 months, and then declines even further to 32.8 percent for children in foster care for 24 months or longer. It is important to note that the relationship between time in care and placement setting stability is more nuanced than it may initially appear. Research suggests a link between placement stability and variables such as the age of the child, placement setting type, the presence of child behavioral problems, and the availability of programs and services for children and resource families.82 Research also indicates that children who experience early placement stability experience fewer behavioral problems and better outcomes.83 Therefore, time in care is likely also linked to other variables that have an impact on its relationship to placement stability. The data in table V-1 also indicate that in about one-half of the states in 2011, 4.5 percent or less of children entering foster care under the age of 12 were placed in group homes or institutions. While this indicates a positive national performance overall, there were eight states where the percentage of young children placed in group homes or institutions was between 10 percent and 20 percent.84

CHANGES OVER TIME IN STATE PERFORMANCE ON MEASURES OF ACHIEVING STABLE AND APPROPRIATE PLACEMENT SETTINGS FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
Table V-2 provides the change in the national median over time on measures pertaining to achieving stable and appropriate placement settings for children in foster care. This table also shows the number of states with an improvement or decline in performance on these measures.85
Table V-2. Median State Performance and Change Over Time, 20082011* Outcomes 6 and 7: Achieving Stable and Appropriate Placement Settings Median Performance by Year (Percent) 2008
Measure 6.1a: Percentage of children in foster care for less than 12 months who experience two or fewer placement settings. (N=49 states) Measure 6.1b: Percentage of children in foster care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months who experience two or fewer placement settings. (N=49 states) Measure 6.1c: Percentage of children in foster care for 24 months or longer who experience two or fewer placement settings. (N=49 states) ***Measure 7.1: Percentage of children entering foster care at age 12 or younger who are placed in group homes or institutions. (N=50 states) 85.3% 61.8

Outcome Measures**

States That Improved in Performance 20082011

8 states (16%) 20 states (41%)

States That Declined in Performance 20082011

1 state (2%) 5 states (10%)

2009
85.3% 60.6

2010
85.3% 61.6

2011
85.9% 63.4

31.9 4.9

30.5 4.3

33.0 4.5

32.8 4.5

20 states (41%) 33 states (66%)

14 states (29%) 11 states (22%)

* In accordance with standard procedure in this report, when there was a percent change of less than 5.0 in either direction (positive or negative), a determination was made that
there was no change in performance.
** The definitions for the measures in all cross-year comparison tables in this report have been shortened due to the complexity of the tables. Full descriptions for the measures in
this table can be found in table V-1 or appendix B. Data for this table include all states for which adequate data are available for all of the relevant years.
*** For this measure, a lower number indicates better performance.

The most outstanding finding from table V-2 is the reduction in the percentage of young children placed in group homes or institutions (measure 7.1). Sixty-six percent of states showed improvement on this measure between 2008 and 2011. This is consistent with the fact that the national median for measure 7.1 declined from 4.9 percent in 2008 to 4.5 percent in 2011 (a 8.2 percent change). As indicated by table V-2, there was very little change between 2008 and 2011 in the percentage of children in foster care for 12 months or longer who experienced two or fewer placement settings (measure 6.1a). Table V-2 shows that 82 percent of states had no change in performance between 2008 and 2011.
82 83 84 85

Noonan, K., Rubin, D., Mekonnen, R., Zlotnik, S., & OReilly, A. (2009). Securing child safety, well-being, and permanency through placement stability in foster care. Evidence to Action, 1. Retrieved from http://policylab.us/images/pdf/evidencetoactionbrief1_csaw_final.pdf Rubin, D.M., OReilly, A.L.R., Luan, X., & Localio, R. (2007). The impact of placement stability on behavioral well-being for children in foster care. Pediatrics, 119(2), 33644. The eight states were Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and South Dakota. Percent change is calculated by subtracting old data from new data, dividing that result by old data, and multiplying it by 100. For example, maltreatment of children in foster care was 0.36 percent in 2008 and 0.34 percent in 2011, so the formula is [(0.340.36)/0.36]x100= 5.6 percent change.

CHAPTER V | 28

Similar placement setting stability patterns emerged regarding the percentage of children in foster care between 12 and 24 months (measure 6.1b) and the percentage in care 24 months or longer (measure 6.1c) who experienced two or fewer placement settings. That is, the national medians fluctuated between 2008 and 2011 (see table V-2).

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS REGARDING ACHIEVING STABLE AND APPROPRIATE PLACEMENTS FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
A consistent finding of the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports is that although states are fairly successful in achieving placement stability for children in foster care for less than 12 months, the percentage of children who have placement stability declines considerably the longer the children are in foster care. Additionally, consistent with findings from previous Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, the majority of states continue to progress in lowering the numbers of young children placed in group homes or institutions.
States generally are more successful in minimizing the number of placement settings for children in care for less than 12 months, but children in care for longer periods of time tend to have far more placement setting changes.

CHAPTER V | 29

CHAPTER V | 30

VI: State Performance Relevant to the Seven National

Child Welfare Outcomes (State Data Pages)

The previous chapters provide key findings from an analysis of performance across states relevant to the seven national child welfare outcomes. This chapter presents tables of data for each state on the 12 measures originally developed for the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, and on the additional 15 measures developed for the second round of the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs). As noted in earlier chapters, the 15 CFSR measures are relevant to the seven national child welfare outcomes addressed in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report. The data pages also include the composite scores for each state for the four CFSR composite measures. These composite scores are based on the results of a Principal Components Analysis conducted by the Departments Childrens Bureau. This process is explained in detail in the Federal Register announcement published on the Childrens Bureau website: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/opre/ resource/federal-register-announcement-3

VIEWING THE STATE DATA PAGES

As discussed in chapter I, the data used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report may vary slightly from other published sources if a state resubmitted data after the Department prepared the data for this report. Data included in the State Data Pages were prepared on the following dates: 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) data: February 17, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data: May 29, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 Census data: May 21, 2012 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 caseworker visits data: April 15, 2012 Information from the State Data Pages is presented as follows: Data for the context variables86 Data showing state performance on the original outcome measures Data pertaining to state performance on the 15 CFSR measures and the states composite scores for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 State Comment page presenting each states comments on its own data (provided only if a state submitted a comment for publication) The following conventions were used to distinguish among various types of data reporting: When a state reports a value of 0.0 percent for any of the context variables or outcome measures, this is indicated by 0.0. For the maltreatment type table only, there is an additional usage of 0.0. It also is used when a state reported no data for a particular maltreatment category, and the state did not provide guidance on the intended interpretation of the absence of data for that category. When a state reports more than 0.0 percent but less than 0.1 percent, this is indicated by <0.1.87 When a particular cell is not applicable to a state, that is, there is no reason to assume that the state would have data for that cell, this is indicated by N/A. For example, one would not expect to have fiscal year data on median length of stay for children who entered care during that fiscal year; therefore, the relevant cells contain a N/A. When a particular cell is applicable to a state, that is, there is reason to assume that the state would have data for that cell but no data were provided, this is indicated by a dash (). A dash is also used when a joint decision is made by a state and the Childrens Bureau that the data are not reliable enough for publication. For example, if a state did not submit numerators and denominators for the caseworker visits measures, the relevant data cells would contain a dash. When a particular cell is applicable to a state, but the data for that cell are not yet available for publication, this is indicated by an X. For example, 2011 child population in poverty data were not available for inclusion in the current report; therefore, the relevant cells contain an X.

86 87

Note that the 2011 Census Bureau child population in poverty data were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. The only exception to this is the reporting of performance on measure 2.1, where data are rounded to the nearest hundredth instead of rounding to the nearest tenth.

CHAPTER VI | 31

RANGE OF STATE PERFORMANCE

The following two tables provide the 2011 medians and ranges in state performance on the original outcome measures (table VI-1) and the CFSR composite measures (table VI-2). These tables are presented to provide a point of context for understanding individual state performance on these measures. Median state performance on these measures for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 are included on tables 1 and 2 of the executive summary of this report.
Table VI-1. Range of State Performance, 2011 Original Outcome Measures Outcome Measures*
**Measure 1.1: Of all children who were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and/or neglect during the first six months of the year, what percentage had another substantiated or indicated report within a six-month period? (N=52 states) **Measure 2.1: Of all children who were in foster care during the year, what percentage were the subject of substantiated or indicated maltreatment by a foster parent or facility staff member? (N=48 states) Measure 3.1: Of all children who exited foster care during the year, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=51 states) Measure 3.2: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were identified as having a diagnosed disability, what percentage left to either reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=48 states) Measure 3.3: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were older than age 12 at the time of their most recent entry into care, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship (i.e., were discharged to a permanent home)? (N=51 states) **Measure 3.4: Of all children exiting foster care in the year to emancipation, what percentage were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into care? (N=51 states) Measure 4.1: Of all children reunified with their parents or caretakers at the time of discharge from foster care during the year, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the time of entry into foster care? (N=51 states) Measure 5.1a: Of all children discharged from care during the year to a finalized adoption, what percentage were discharged in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=51 states) Measure 6.1a: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for less than 12 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=50 states) Measure 6.1b: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=50 states) Measure 6.1c: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in foster care for at least 24 months, what percentage had no more than two placement settings? (N=50 states) **Measure 7.1: Of all children who entered foster care during the year and were age 12 or younger at the time of their most recent placement, what percentage were placed in a group home or institution? (N=50 states)
* Data include all states for which adequate data are available. ** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.

National Median (50th Percentile)

5.2%

Range (Percent)
1.012.2%

0.32 87.3

0.001.59 72.895.4

78.0

42.692.9

66.0 25.0 68.4 3.8 85.9 63.4 32.8 4.5

33.591.5 5.352.1 39.288.7 0.039.8 71.591.7 44.876.9 12.145.8 0.820.2

CHAPTER VI | 32

Table VI-2. Range of State Performance, 2011 Composite Measures Composite Measures*
Measure C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=50 states) ***Measure C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for eight days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=50 states) Measure C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the six-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for eight days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) (N=50 states) ***Measure C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? (N=51 states) Measure C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (N=51 states) ***Measure C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from home to the date of discharge to adoption? (N=51 states) ****Measure C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? (N=51 states) *****Measure C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in foster care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day, what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first six months of the year? (N=47 states) Measure C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? (N=47 states) Measure C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? (N=51 states) Measure C3.2: Of all children who were discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? (N=47 states) ***Measure C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for three years or longer? (N=51 states)

National Median (50th Percentile)**

70.5

Range (Percent)
39.989.5

7.6 mos.

1.915.4 mos.

41.3

14.766.7

11.9

2.327.8

33.5

8.085.6

29.5 mos.

14.347.3 mos.

25.1

13.045.9

13.5

1.525.9

59.6

28.887.0

31.8

14.052.1

95.0

84.899.1

43.4

12.275.0

* Individual measures developed for Composite 4: Placement stability are not shown because the measures are nearly identical to the original measures of placement stability
incorporated into measure 6.1 (see table VI-1).
** Numbers are expressed as percentages except when measured by months, as noted. Data include all states for which adequate data are available.
*** For these measures, a lower number indicates better performance.
**** The denominator for this measure excludes children who, by the last day of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or
primary caretakers, living with relatives, or guardianship.
***** A child is considered to be legally free for adoption if there is a date for parental rights termination reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. Also, the denominator
for this measure excludes children who, during the first six months of the year, were discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification with parents or primary
caretakers, living with other relatives, or guardianship.

CHAPTER VI | 33

CHAPTER VI | 34

Alabama

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
9,217 3.1 6,904 442

2009
8,295 2.7 6,224 638

2010
9,586 2.7 5,629 606

2011
8,781 2.9 5,470 429

1,129,522 1,128,864 1,130,523 1,127,143 0.4 1.1 30.1 <.1 5.3 61.2 1.9 21.7 0.4 1.1 30.0 <.1 5.7 60.8 2.0 24.7 0.6 1.1 30.3 <.1 6.0 59.6 2.4 27.7 0.6 1.2 30.1 <.1 6.4 59.2 2.5 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 46 4,058 8,822 89 25,591 28,597

2009
58 215 368 88 1,483 1,682

2010
65 240 371 94 1,639 1,744

2011
78 282 360 96 2,058 2,144

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 28,952 9,217 20

2008

Rate

Number
27,629 8,295 14

2009

Rate

Number
29,508 9,586 13

2010

Rate

Number
27,694 8,781 11

2011

Rate

25.6 per 1,000 8.2 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

24.5 per 1,000 7.3 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

26.1 per 1,000 8.5 per 1,000 1.1 per 100,000

24.6 per 1,000 7.8 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 15.6 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.4 5.2 6.6 6.9 3.7 2.0 <.1 0.2 9,217

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.3 6.6 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 5.5 6.4 6.7 4.1 2.0 <.1 1.0 8,295

2010
11.9 6.9 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.9 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.0 4.5 5.1 6.4 6.8 3.8 1.8 0.0 0.5 9,586

2011
12.6 7.3 7.3 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.5 5.2 5.7 6.5 3.5 2.3 <.1 0.5 8,781 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 <.1 20.6 0.0 3.3 33.2 0.9 42.0 9,217

2009
0.2 0.1 26.3 <.1 4.0 50.3 2.1 17.0 8,295

2010
<.1 0.1 26.5 <.1 4.4 57.1 2.9 8.9 9,586

2011
0.1 0.2 27.3 <.1 3.9 58.1 3.3 7.0 8,781

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
ALABAMA | CONTEXT DATA | 35

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.4 0.0 39.8 42.8 25.0 0.0 0.0 9,217

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.2 36.7 48.9 22.0 0.0 0.0 9,586

2009
0.4 0.0 36.5 47.7 22.7 0.0 0.0 8,295

2011
0.4 36.7 49.0 21.5 0.0 0.0 8,781 Mean Median

2008
51.7 >24 but<48

2009
46.4 >24 but<48

2010
45.3 >24 but<48

2011
42.4 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 6,912 19.0 6,669 19.5 5,320 17.3 5,207 15.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,506 N/A 3,051 N/A 3,063 N/A 3,217 N/A

2008
3,514 12.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,496 15.2 2,754 13.4 2,954 12.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,904 19.4 6,224 19.3 5,629 16.3 5,470 14.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.9 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.4 5.7 6.3 8.1 8.3 5.3 2.8 0.7 0.0 5.6 6.3 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.5 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.9 5.1 6.3 7.4 8.0 6.1 2.9 1.4 <.1 5.7 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.1 4.2 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.2 5.3 6.4 7.2 8.4 8.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.5 6.6 5.3 5.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 3.6 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.5 5.6 7.3 8.2 8.9 0.9 <.1 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.3 6.7 6.1 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.3 4.3 5.0 5.3 5.8 6.4 3.6 0.4 0.2 <.1 0.0 17.5 7.0 6.8 6.3 5.3 4.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 4.4 4.9 6.8 4.6 4.7 0.3 <.1 <.1 <.1 18.5 8.3 6.7 5.5 5.5 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.2 5.0 5.2 5.9 3.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 7.0 6.7 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.0 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.3 4.3 3.8 4.8 5.0 5.7 5.5 3.6 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

2008
6.2 7.0 6.8 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.3 4.2 3.9 4.2 5.3 5.2 5.9 4.3 1.7 0.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.4 7.8 7.4 6.7 6.3 6.4 5.0 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.3 3.5 4.3 4.3 6.0 4.7 2.4 1.4 6.1 8.7 8.5 7.3 6.3 5.4 4.5 3.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.2 3.4 4.1 11.3 1.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 6.1 6.9 7.2 7.5 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.8 4.9 16.7 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.6 6.4 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.5 3.6 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.8 5.0 6.3 7.3 7.9 6.1 3.0 1.4 <.1 5.1 6.3 5.6 5.2 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.6 5.7 6.3 7.6 7.9 6.1 3.6 1.7 <.1 6.4 6.3 6.5 5.3 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.3 5.4 7.0 7.9 8.4 4.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 6.0 7.2 6.6 6.2 4.7 5.3 4.8 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.5 6.4 8.2 8.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 <.1 44.4 0.0 3.3 49.6 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 <.1 44.5 <.1 3.9 47.0 3.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 <.1 42.2 0.0 4.2 47.9 4.7 0.8 0.0 0.1 <.1 39.6 0.0 4.1 50.9 5.0 0.2 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.0 38.7 <.1 3.9 55.7 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 <.1 32.5 0.0 4.9 54.6 4.4 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 31.5 0.0 5.6 56.4 5.2 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 31.1 <.1 6.3 53.2 4.9 4.1 0.0

2008
0.2 <.1 38.2 <.1 3.4 56.1 1.8 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.0 35.6 0.1 4.9 54.6 3.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 34.5 0.0 6.3 51.9 5.2 2.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 34.7 0.0 4.6 54.3 4.6 1.6 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 <.1 44.7 0.0 3.6 49.3 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 <.1 43.7 0.0 3.9 46.5 4.3 1.4 0.0 0.1 <.1 40.2 0.0 3.9 50.6 4.8 0.3 0.0 0.2 <.1 37.2 <.1 5.1 50.5 5.1 1.8 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALABAMA | CONTEXT DATA | 36

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 1,771 1,142

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,476 886

2010
1,285 770

2011
1,309 565 Total children adopted

2008
442

2009
638

2010
606

2011
429

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.9 6.5 7.0 6.3 6.4 6.3 4.6 5.8 4.9 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.0 6.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.9 6.0 7.0 6.3 5.7 6.2 5.6 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 8.0 4.1 3.3

2009
2.0 6.5 6.8 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.2 4.7 5.4 5.2 6.6 6.4 5.6 6.2 6.6 5.5 5.8 5.0

2011
2.2 7.4 8.1 7.5 5.3 5.8 4.7 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.5 6.9 6.9 6.3 5.9 4.3 2.8 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.8 6.1 10.6 10.6 8.1 9.0 7.0 6.3 6.6 5.9 5.4 3.6 2.7 5.0 3.4 2.0 2.5 2.5 0.7 0.0 0.0

2009
0.9 7.1 12.2 11.0 8.5 10.3 7.5 6.1 6.1 5.6 4.1 4.2 3.3 4.1 2.2 2.5 1.9 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.0

2010
1.3 8.9 13.4 10.2 6.8 5.4 6.6 5.4 5.6 6.8 7.3 4.0 3.5 5.4 2.8 2.3 1.7 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.0

2011
1.2 7.9 11.2 12.4 11.2 9.8 8.2 7.7 6.3 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.8 1.6 2.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.1 41.7 0.0 4.1 51.2 2.7 0.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.5 0.0 29.4 0.0 3.6 60.6 5.9 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 40.5 0.0 5.4 49.1 4.5 0.4 0.0

2010
0.2 <.1 39.4 0.0 4.6 50.8 4.7 0.2 0.0

2011
0.4 0.2 33.6 0.0 5.3 54.0 6.3 0.3 0.0

2009
0.2 0.0 32.0 0.0 6.3 55.0 5.5 1.1 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 29.7 0.0 9.4 53.0 7.8 0.2 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 30.3 0.0 7.5 55.9 5.8 0.5 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALABAMA | CONTEXT DATA | 37

Alabama

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 98.7 1.3 3,955

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.19 99.81 10,418

2009
98.8 1.2 3,320

2010
98.8 1.2 3,914

2011
98.9 1.1 3,773

2009
<.1 99.91 9,720

2010
<.1 99.96 8,383

2011
0.18 99.82 8,424

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 12.5 0.0 77.7 9.7 <.1 3,514

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
14.3 0.0 65.0 17.2 3.5 2,954 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
19.6 0.0 65.8 13.6 1.0 3,496

2010
19.5 0.0 66.8 12.1 1.7 2,754

2008
18.1 0.0 52.7 29.2 0.0 260

2009
18.8 0.0 63.3 17.2 0.8 128

2010
26.7 0.0 57.3 14.5 1.5 1,988

2011
15.6
0.0
39.0
42.9
2.6
385

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.1 0.0 78.7 19.8 0.3 887

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 48.1 51.9 0.0 233

2009
2.3 0.0 60.4 36.0 1.2 814

2010
1.4 0.0 60.0 37.3 1.3 557

2011
1.2 0.0 49.1 47.2 2.5 752

2009
35.3 64.7 0.0 331

2010
30.4 69.6 0.0 276

2011
27.3 72.7 0.0 447

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 33.3 0.0 16.7 50.0 0.0 6

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 83.3 16.7 0.0 6

2008
9.7 0.0 78.4 11.8 0.1 1,341

2009
17.8 0.0 63.1 17.8 1.4 1,243

2010
17.2 0.0 64.7 16.4 1.7 949

2011
12.4 0.0 58.3 24.4 4.9 1,025

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
13.3 0.0 80.8 5.8 0.0 120

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

23.4 0.0 70.8 4.7 1.2 171 29.3 0.0 63.8 4.6 2.3 174

2011
23.4 0.0 62.0 10.9 3.6 137

2008
13.5 0.0 77.8 8.6 <.1 1,972

White 2009 2010

19.8 0.0 67.1 12.3 0.8 1,910 19.7 0.0 68.1 10.7 1.5 1,428

2011
14.8 0.0 68.1 14.4 2.6 1,604

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 85.7 14.3 0.0 7

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

11.4 0.0 88.6 0.0 0.0 44 5.3 0.0 86.0 5.3 3.5 57

2011
4.3 0.0 91.3 2.2 2.2 46

2008
41.3 0.0 55.6 3.2 0.0 63

Two or More Races 2009 2010

31.4 0.0 56.2 10.7 1.7 121 26.1 0.0 63.4 7.7 2.8 142

2011
17.0 0.0 70.4 8.1 4.4 135

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALABAMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 38

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 61.2 23.4 7.4 3.2 4.9 0.0 2,729

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
60.5 22.9 8.6 3.7 3.9 0.4 2,299

2010
63.0 23.0 8.1 2.8 3.0 0.0 1,839

2011
66.4 23.3 6.0 2.0 2.2 0.1 1,919 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.5 10.0 10.2 0.2 3,506

2009
81.4 9.2 6.9 2.5 3,051

2010
85.9 6.1 8.0 0.0 3,063

2011
83.5 8.2 8.3 0.0 3,217

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.3 11.8 28.6 20.2 37.2 0.0 441

2009
3.1 13.5 28.5 22.5 32.5 0.0 684

2010
1.7 18.3 25.4 25.4 29.3 0.0 536

2011
2.4 14.2 33.4 21.1 28.9 0.0 422

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 91.6 8.4 0.0 4,174 66.6 23.4 10.0 3,664 79.8 17.3 2.9 3,532 74.6 17.9 7.6 3,829

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
72.7 27.3 0.0 2,202 46.4 46.9 6.7 2,019 56.6 41.8 1.6 1,819 54.6 43.1 2.3 1,854

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

46.0 54.0 0.0 4,033 25.7 64.4 9.8 4,014 30.1 68.8 1.1 3,022 30.9 65.9 3.3 2,729

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 9 73.9 4.3 21.7 23 80.0 0.0 20.0 10 83.3 8.3 8.3 12

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.5 3.3 95.0 0.1 2,258

2009
1.2 2.2 94.6 2.0 1,663

2010
2.0 1.7 95.4 0.9 2,324

2011
2.5 1.7 91.4 4.5 2,395

ALABAMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 39

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 117.3 63.1

2009
118.0 61.2

2010
119.0 64.0

2011
120.1 67.1

9.0

9.1

8.3

8.1

47.2 10.6

43.0 8.6

40.2 7.8

41.6 10.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 61.8 14.1 39.5 14.0

2009
75.6 16.5 37.7 21.0

2010
90.7 20.0 37.9 18.1

2011
79.1 16.6 35.9 16.1

8.8

10.4

10.3

7.7

31.1

34.9

53.7

50.4

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 105.2 21.3 94.6

2009
114.7 27.7 96.9

2010
115.1 25.4 92.9

2011
108.7 22.2 89.1

55.2

54.0

50.2

46.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 111.0 90.9 73.1 48.4

2009
79.5 72.3 49.8 30.7

2010
89.2 80.8 57.5 30.8

2011
88.6 79.5 55.9 32.3

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

ALABAMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 40

Alabama

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Paul J. Butler, Director
Family Services Division
Department of Human Resources

The following are Alabamas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Alabama fully implemented its SACWIS system in January 2009 and submitted its first full AFCARS/NCANDS data sets for FFY2009. FFY2008 data is from a combination of SACWIS and legacy data system sources. As such, readers are strongly cautioned that some of the data presented in this report for FFY2008 FFY2009 may not accurately reflect Alabamas performance as we continued to transition to the new system during this period. As a result of our first Federal SACWIS and Federal AFCARS Reviews in FFY2010 and FFY2011, changes in extraction logic were implemented as well as a statewide data quality cleanup, but these were not fully in place for AFCARS submissions used for this report. Alabama also began implementing enhancements to its SACWIS system to fully meet federal reporting requirements. Alabama expects to resubmit prior FFY AFCARS, which is expected to significantly impact the permanency related outcomes and performance measures. In FY2011, Alabama finalized 428 adoptions, after a high of 676 finalized adoptions in FY2009 and 549 finalized adoptions in FY2010. This has decreased the number of Children Waiting for Adoption, substantially. Alabama continued to see a decline in the number of Child Fatalities over the reporting period, from a high of 20 child fatalities in FFY2009 to a low of 11 child fatalities in FFY2011. Alabama experienced a decline in the number of children entering foster care in FFY2009 and 2010. In FFY2011 there was an increase in the number entering foster care, however a decrease in the number of children in care at the end of the FY2011. This is a 10 year low. Outcome Measure 1.1: In FY2011, Recurrence of Maltreatment within 6 months declined to 1.1 percent. Alabama continues to demonstrate high standards concerning child safety. Outcome Measure 2.1: In FY2011, Maltreatment in Foster Care is at 0.18 percent, which continues to be one of the lowest in the nation. Outcome Measure 4.1: In FY2011, Time to Reunification showed an increase to 66.4 percent in less than 12 months.

ALABAMA | STATE COMMENT | 41

Alaska

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 180,558 17.7 4.3 4.7 0.8 9.0 55.9 7.6 11.0

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
188,169 17.7 5.2 3.2 1.5 7.9 52.5 12.0 12.9

2009
183,546 17.2 4.7 4.9 0.8 9.2 55.4 7.8 12.8

2011
188,441 17.3 5.2 3.4 1.5 8.0 52.1 12.4 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
4,522 5.0 1,954 294

2009
3,959 4.8 1,851 329

2010
3,147 4.8 1,765 336

2011
3,241 4.9 1,859 289

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 5 132 2,781 60 285 477

2009
19 549 2,868 42 9,752 23,204

2010
30 720 2,423 72 3,407 4,728

2011
31 744 2,433 73 3,555 4,865

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 13,269 4,522 2

2008

Rate

Number
10,752 3,959 1

2009

Rate

Number
9,079 3,147 3

2010

Rate

Number
9,709 3,241 3

2011

Rate

73.5 per 1,000 25.0 per 1,000 1.1 per 100,000

58.6 per 1,000 21.6 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

48.2 per 1,000 16.7 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

51.5 per 1,000 17.2 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.9 8.3 7.1 6.8 6.6 5.7 6.4 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.1 2.8 1.5 0.2 2.7 4,522

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.4 8.4 7.5 7.9 6.9 6.5 5.5 5.9 6.0 5.5 4.4 3.6 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.4 <.1 1.4 3,959

2010
13.3 8.7 8.3 6.8 6.9 6.2 6.5 5.4 4.5 5.7 5.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 1.2 3,147

2011
12.7 8.4 8.2 6.7 7.5 6.7 6.2 6.0 5.6 4.7 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.2 3.5 2.2 1.7 0.1 1.0 3,241 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
50.7 1.4 4.3 1.0 3.1 23.5 3.3 12.8 4,522

2009
48.1 1.5 4.3 2.7 3.0 22.2 4.5 13.7 3,959

2010
49.6 1.5 3.9 1.6 3.4 23.0 5.6 11.5 3,147

2011
45.1 1.0 4.1 2.2 4.1 24.5 6.8 12.2 3,241

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
ALASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 42

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 20.6 2.5 73.4 12.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 4,522

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
16.3 1.5 79.6 11.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 3,147

2009
18.2 1.7 79.9 11.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 3,959

2011
16.1 1.3 80.8 11.9 4.4 0.0 0.0 3,241 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,962 16.2 1,926 16.7 1,823 16.0 1,741 14.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

895 N/A 888 N/A 897 N/A 927 N/A

2008
903 21.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

963 21.2 955 21.2 809 20.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,954 16.7 1,851 15.9 1,765 14.4 1,859 14.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.9 7.4 8.3 6.1 6.2 5.0 5.9 5.5 6.3 5.8 4.4 4.7 4.1 4.7 4.5 5.4 5.7 4.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 7.7 8.0 7.0 6.1 6.1 5.3 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.4 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.1 5.0 5.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.3 9.2 8.1 7.2 6.9 5.3 6.4 4.5 5.8 4.7 5.5 5.0 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 0.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.3 7.6 9.8 8.0 7.0 6.1 5.5 5.8 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.7 4.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

21.0 9.6 7.9 7.9 6.1 5.7 6.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 3.5 2.2 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.8 9.0 9.1 7.7 8.0 6.1 5.4 5.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 2.0 3.3 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 9.1 9.8 7.2 6.9 5.1 5.0 5.7 4.7 4.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 9.8 8.5 6.6 6.1 6.3 5.5 6.3 4.3 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.1 2.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
3.9 6.9 8.1 8.9 7.3 5.9 6.3 3.1 5.2 4.7 5.9 3.5 5.0 3.4 2.9 4.9 2.7 6.1 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.5 7.0 9.1 7.4 8.3 7.5 5.5 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 3.0 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.5 2.9 9.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 3.0 8.4 9.8 8.1 7.1 6.0 5.3 6.1 4.9 5.8 3.9 4.7 4.3 3.0 2.8 3.4 2.4 6.5 4.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.0 8.3 10.5 9.5 9.1 7.4 6.3 5.3 3.8 4.0 3.3 4.3 4.9 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.8 6.3 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.0 7.7 8.0 7.1 6.2 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.4 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.0 5.0 5.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.3 9.1 8.1 7.3 6.9 5.7 6.2 4.6 5.7 4.7 5.6 4.9 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 0.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.2 7.6 9.7 8.0 7.2 6.1 5.6 5.8 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 5.7 9.5 7.2 8.1 6.7 6.5 5.4 5.4 6.2 4.4 5.0 4.1 4.2 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.8 1.4 0.3 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 52.6 0.5 4.7 1.4 4.7 26.2 9.7 <.1 0.0 53.6 0.7 4.4 0.9 5.0 25.4 9.7 0.3 0.0 54.7 0.4 3.3 1.3 4.9 25.3 9.7 0.4 0.0 50.9 0.5 3.1 1.1 5.9 27.2 10.2 1.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

53.5 1.3 4.1 0.7 4.5 24.5 9.4 2.0 0.0 53.7 0.1 2.5 2.3 3.8 26.5 9.8 1.4 0.0 46.6 0.9 2.7 1.6 6.6 27.6 11.0 3.0 0.0 50.4 0.9 3.0 2.0 3.9 23.4 10.2 5.2 1.0

2008
52.0 1.0 5.0 1.6 3.9 25.7 9.3 1.6 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

51.5 0.7 4.9 1.5 3.9 26.5 10.0 1.0 0.0 53.9 0.6 3.1 1.5 4.8 24.3 9.9 1.8 0.0 50.1 0.2 3.1 1.4 7.7 25.2 10.8 1.1 0.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

53.3 0.7 4.4 1.0 5.0 25.7 9.8 0.3 0.0 54.8 0.4 3.2 1.3 5.0 25.3 9.6 0.4 0.0 51.0 0.5 3.1 1.4 5.8 27.0 10.2 1.0 0.0 51.0 0.8 3.1 1.5 4.1 26.1 10.0 3.1 0.3

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 43

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
769 431

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
714 405

2010
686 369

2011
719 369 Total children adopted

2008
294

2009
329

2010
336

2011
289

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.8 6.0 7.7 9.4 5.7 5.5 6.2 6.8 7.3 7.4 6.2 4.2 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 3.5 3.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
2.6 9.2 9.3 8.3 7.1 6.6 6.0 4.7 4.7 6.0 5.4 5.8 5.2 3.5 4.5 4.4 3.5 3.2

2009
2.1 9.9 8.3 6.3 7.3 4.8 6.7 5.3 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 4.2 5.5 3.9 3.5 3.8 2.4

2011
2.2 7.9 7.0 8.9 8.5 7.9 5.8 6.4 6.8 4.5 5.6 5.8 4.7 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.7 8.5 15.6 9.9 7.5 8.2 7.8 3.4 6.1 5.4 5.8 2.0 6.1 5.1 1.7 3.4 1.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.9 9.1 9.1 12.8 9.4 8.5 7.9 5.8 7.0 5.8 5.8 3.3 4.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 1.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
1.5 8.9 13.1 9.2 8.6 5.1 6.5 6.3 6.8 8.0 5.1 5.4 3.9 3.9 2.1 1.8 2.4 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
1.0 9.7 13.1 13.1 8.7 8.3 5.9 4.2 5.2 6.2 4.5 4.5 5.5 2.4 2.4 4.2 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 54.2 0.1 4.6 0.8 5.2 23.7 11.4 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 53.4 0.7 4.4 0.0 4.8 22.4 14.3 0.0 0.0

2009
55.3 0.3 4.5 0.6 5.6 23.8 9.8 0.1 0.0

2010
52.5 0.0 3.8 0.7 7.0 27.0 8.6 0.4 0.0

2011
54.1 0.6 3.3 1.7 4.2 25.9 9.2 1.1 0.0

2009
53.8 0.0 4.0 1.8 4.9 24.0 11.6 0.0 0.0

2010
53.6 0.6 3.6 0.6 4.8 25.3 11.3 0.3 0.0

2011
47.8 0.0 3.1 0.0 8.0 29.4 11.4 0.3 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 44

Alaska

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 90.9 9.1 1,520

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.46 99.54 2,857

2009
90.5 9.5 1,842

2010
92.9 7.1 1,511

2011
91.8 8.2 1,455

2009
1.07 98.93 2,814

2010
0.51 99.49 2,720

2011
0.41 99.59 2,668

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 32.4 4.9 51.5 11.2 0.0 903

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
35.7 2.7 54.6 6.9 0.0 809 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
34.2 3.6 49.4 12.8 0.0 963

2010
35.1 4.0 50.6 10.4 0.0 955

2008
62.8 10.6 13.3 13.3 0.0 188

2009
67.1 6.8 6.8 19.3 0.0 161

2010
72.0 3.8 12.1 12.1 0.0 157

2011
77.0
5.6
10.3
7.1
0.0
126

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 3.3 7.3 45.5 43.9 0.0 123

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 35.4 64.6 0.0 65

2009
4.3 5.0 39.0 51.8 0.0 141

2010
8.7 5.6 42.1 43.7 0.0 126

2011
5.6 6.5 52.3 35.5 0.0 107

2009
28.9 71.1 0.0 83

2010
29.0 71.0 0.0 69

2011
21.6 78.4 0.0 37

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 33.2 3.6 51.1 12.1 0.0 470

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

35.7 1.6 46.8 15.9 0.0 496 35.0 3.9 49.5 11.7 0.0 515 34.1 1.7 54.8 9.4 0.0 405

2008
22.2 0.0 77.8 0.0 0.0 9

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 7 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 6

Black 2011
0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
28.9 8.9 40.0 22.2 0.0 45

2009
27.7 6.4 61.7 4.3 0.0 47

2010
40.0 0.0 53.3 6.7 0.0 30

2011
36.0 0.0 56.0 8.0 0.0 25

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 7.1 92.9 0.0 0.0 14 42.9 0.0 57.1 0.0 0.0 14 14.3 0.0 71.4 14.3 0.0 14 0.0 9.1 90.9 0.0 0.0 11

2008
40.0 8.6 45.7 5.7 0.0 35

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

42.1 2.6 47.4 7.9 0.0 38 32.6 4.3 54.3 8.7 0.0 46

2011
37.1 3.2 58.1 1.6 0.0 62

2008
28.4 6.0 54.7 10.8 0.0 232

White 2009 2010

31.0 7.5 51.4 10.2 0.0 255 36.6 6.0 48.3 9.1 0.0 232

2011
41.7 2.9 49.5 5.9 0.0 204

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 92.9 7.1 0.0 14

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 10 5.9 0.0 82.4 11.8 0.0 17

2011
11.1 0.0 88.9 0.0 0.0 9

2008
50.0 6.0 36.9 7.1 0.0 84

Two or More Races 2009 2010

39.6 4.2 44.8 11.5 0.0 96 40.0 2.1 49.5 8.4 0.0 95

2011
37.9 5.7 52.9 3.4 0.0 87

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ALASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 45

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 48.4 37.2 8.8 3.7 1.9 0.0 465

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
45.8 37.2 13.4 1.5 2.1 0.0 476

2010
50.9 32.3 12.4 1.0 3.3 0.0 483

2011
48.0 34.8 10.0 6.1 1.1 0.0 442 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
89.2 4.5 4.1 2.2 895

2009
85.4 5.1 6.3 3.3 888

2010
89.2 4.2 5.4 1.2 897

2011
87.4 5.6 6.7 0.3 927

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.7 18.1 34.8 18.8 26.6 0.0 293

2009
2.4 20.7 32.2 27.4 17.3 0.0 329

2010
2.7 26.3 31.0 19.7 20.3 0.0 335

2011
4.2 20.8 39.8 19.7 15.6 0.0 289

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 90.5 9.5 0.0 998 92.7 7.3 0.0 975 93.2 6.8 0.0 1,044 87.8 12.2 0.0 1,041

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
71.2 28.8 0.0 773 76.0 24.0 0.0 797 76.3 23.7 0.0 713 75.7 24.3 0.0 754

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.2 61.8 0.0 1,085 37.8 62.2 0.0 1,038 40.7 59.3 0.0 961 42.4 57.6 0.0 873

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.0 1.0 99.0 0.0 773

2009
0.0 1.3 98.7 0.0 774

2010
0.0 0.9 99.1 0.0 757

2011
0.0 0.9 99.1 0.0 791

ALASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 46

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 103.8 60.7

2009
106.1 55.7

2010
114.6 63.0

2011
105.0 57.8

9.0

10.5

8.9

10.1

27.4 12.6

21.7 7.4

34.1 8.5

28.4 8.8

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 117.8 19.8 34.4 28.3

2009
128.8 23.1 33.6 32.8

2010
138.5 29.0 32.0 34.8

2011
136.2 24.9 31.3 33.4

24.3

23.3

22.5

25.9

57.5

58.2

64.9

63.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 119.6 38.0 91.8

2009
124.1 40.1 93.1

2010
130.1 42.7 94.8

2011
137.0 42.8 96.1

58.0

48.4

51.9

44.3

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 105.6 90.0 71.2 38.3

2009
109.0 92.2 76.2 37.9

2010
111.2 92.8 76.3 41.1

2011
107.4 87.2 75.7 42.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

ALASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 47

Alaska

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Christy Lawton, MSW, Division Director
Office of Childrens Services
Department of Health and Social Services

The following are Alaskas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. A. Context Statistics. Child Welfare Summary In the numbers of child maltreatment victims, children with more than one report of substantiated maltreatment may be counted more than once. The decline from 2008 to 2010 in the number of victims, in part, reflects a change in substantiating neglect. In 2008, the threshold for substantiation was redefined as a finding where the available facts indicate a child suffered harm as a result of abuse or neglect. Prior to this change, neglect could be substantiated even if no harm was found. In practice, the full impact of this change was spread over time as implementation was clarified. Alaska uses a safety assessment model where the decision to remove a child or provide in-home services is based on a determination that the child is unsafe, not on a substantiated finding. Variations in the timeliness of entry of completed assessment data into our SACWIS may also contribute to fluctuations in the number of victims over time.

ALASKA | STATE COMMENT | 48

Arizona

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
3,516 4.7 9,590 1,695

2009
3,922 4.3 9,421 1,706

2010
6,258 4.8 9,963 2,045

2011
9,148 5.2 10,956 2,275

1,717,156 1,732,019 1,630,756 1,625,114 5.2 2.2 4.3 0.2 43.0 42.6 2.5 20.8 5.1 2.3 4.4 0.2 43.6 41.9 2.6 23.4 5.0 2.4 4.1 0.2 43.4 41.6 3.3 24.4 4.9 2.4 4.3 0.2 43.5 41.3 3.4 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 45 6,341 14,036 83 31,781 38,340

2009
47 6,652 14,298 83 34,136 41,332

2010
62 9,022 14,619 86 52,041 60,550

2011
58 9,146 15,702 86 50,249 58,304

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 67,159 3,516 11

2008

Rate

Number
75,064 3,922 30

2009

Rate

Number
59,422 6,258 20

2010

Rate

Number
72,438 9,148 34

2011

Rate

39.1 per 1,000 2.0 per 1,000 0.6 per 100,000

43.3 per 1,000 2.3 per 1,000 1.7 per 100,000

36.4 per 1,000 3.8 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

44.6 per 1,000 5.6 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.9 8.5 8.0 6.8 5.7 7.3 6.0 5.2 4.5 5.1 4.2 4.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.4 3.3 2.1 0.0 <.1 3,516

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.7 8.9 8.6 7.4 6.7 7.1 6.3 5.4 5.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.2 3.3 3.5 2.5 2.0 0.0 <.1 3,922

2010
19.0 7.7 7.5 7.0 5.9 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.7 2.6 <.1 0.2 6,258

2011
19.9 7.5 7.4 7.0 5.8 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.0 3.9 2.4 0.0 0.2 9,148 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
4.6 0.4 7.2 0.3 33.4 44.7 4.6 4.7 3,516

2009
4.7 0.3 8.3 0.5 38.0 40.2 4.1 3.8 3,922

2010
4.3 0.4 8.2 0.1 38.7 40.5 3.9 3.8 6,258

2011
3.9 0.3 8.1 0.2 38.7 40.8 3.9 4.1 9,148

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
ARIZONA | CONTEXT DATA | 49

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.9 0.0 67.2 27.4 8.4 0.0 0.0 3,516

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.3 0.0 84.0 15.5 5.3 0.0 0.0 6,258

2009
0.6 0.0 69.8 25.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 3,922

2011
0.4 89.3 11.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 9,148 Mean Median

2008
72.8 >24 but<48

2009
62.6 >24 but<48

2010
59.1 >24 but<48

2011
88.8 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 8,904 12.6 9,403 10.8 9,219 12.0 9,697 10.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

8,099 N/A 7,524 N/A 7,841 N/A 8,487 N/A

2008
7,413 11.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

7,506 10.9 7,097 12.7 7,228 13.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

9,590 10.7 9,421 11.9 9,963 10.7 10,956 10.2

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 7.6 9.2 8.1 6.3 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.6 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.7 5.1 5.6 6.9 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 9.0 8.0 6.7 5.4 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.2 6.0 6.5 7.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 9.3 8.3 6.8 6.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.3 5.0 6.6 7.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 9.4 8.4 7.5 6.2 5.8 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.4 5.2 5.7 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.7 7.8 6.7 5.7 4.8 5.1 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.6 4.3 5.2 5.7 6.0 5.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.1 8.1 7.4 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.4 4.2 4.6 5.9 5.6 5.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 16.9 8.1 7.5 6.8 5.2 5.4 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.5 5.4 5.2 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 16.7 7.1 7.0 6.7 5.9 4.9 4.9 4.1 4.4 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.5 4.1 4.9 5.1 5.8 4.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
5.6 8.8 8.6 6.4 6.0 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.7 8.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.6 8.7 8.4 6.8 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 4.1 4.9 4.8 5.1 9.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 4.8 9.0 8.2 7.8 5.9 5.7 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.3 4.7 10.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 9.5 8.5 7.9 6.9 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.6 4.3 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8.1 8.9 8.0 6.7 5.3 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.3 6.1 6.6 7.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 9.3 8.4 6.8 6.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.4 5.0 6.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 9.4 8.5 7.5 6.2 5.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.8 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 8.1 8.8 7.8 7.3 6.7 5.5 5.2 4.6 4.2 4.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.7 5.4 6.1 6.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 2.8 <.1 7.9 0.2 41.4 41.4 4.5 1.8 0.0 3.5 <.1 9.6 0.2 41.4 38.9 4.6 1.7 0.0 3.6 0.1 9.8 0.3 43.6 37.2 3.8 1.6 0.0 3.9 <.1 9.8 <.1 41.8 38.4 4.3 1.5 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.3 0.3 10.1 0.2 40.2 37.8 4.6 2.5 0.0 3.9 0.3 10.0 0.3 41.8 37.4 3.5 2.8 0.0 4.3 0.4 9.2 0.1 38.6 39.3 4.1 4.1 0.0 4.2 0.3 9.9 0.3 38.8 38.6 3.7 4.2 0.0

2008
3.6 0.3 8.2 0.2 40.4 40.3 4.4 2.7 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.7 0.2 9.7 0.2 39.1 39.7 4.4 2.9 0.0 3.9 0.5 9.3 0.4 41.4 38.0 3.7 2.8 0.0 4.6 0.1 8.8 0.2 41.5 38.0 3.7 3.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.5 <.1 9.6 0.2 41.2 39.2 4.6 1.7 0.0 3.6 0.1 9.9 0.3 43.5 37.1 3.9 1.6 0.0 4.0 <.1 9.7 0.1 41.1 38.2 4.1 2.7 0.0 3.7 0.2 10.6 0.2 39.7 38.8 4.2 2.6 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARIZONA | CONTEXT DATA | 50

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
2,323 1,935

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,792 2,265

2010
2,670 2,180

2011
2,833 2,231
Total children adopted

2008
1,695

2009
1,706

2010
2,045

2011
2,275

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.4 11.1 10.3 9.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 5.3 6.2 5.9 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 2.7 1.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.8 11.5 10.3 8.4 7.7 6.3 6.2 5.0 5.6 5.5 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.5 3.9 2.1 0.8

2009
3.7 12.0 10.1 8.7 8.2 6.0 5.8 6.2 4.9 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.2 2.3 1.1

2011
4.7 12.0 10.3 9.1 7.8 6.3 6.2 4.8 5.1 5.6 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 4.3 2.2 0.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.9 13.6 16.1 10.0 10.0 7.1 7.0 5.5 5.7 5.0 4.5 3.9 3.3 2.3 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 <.1

2009
1.2 12.0 14.8 10.7 9.6 7.8 7.8 5.9 6.2 4.7 4.4 3.3 2.9 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.1 14.0 13.5 11.5 8.8 7.5 6.2 5.7 5.5 4.7 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.4 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.0 <.1

2011
1.3 15.0 13.2 10.5 9.9 7.6 7.2 5.9 5.1 4.9 3.8 3.4 3.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.5 0.8 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.7 <.1 9.3 0.1 40.4 42.3 4.8 1.3 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.9 <.1 5.8 0.2 43.2 42.9 4.5 1.3 0.0

2009
2.4 <.1 9.6 0.3 43.8 38.8 4.0 1.0 0.0

2010
3.5 0.0 10.3 <.1 41.9 38.7 4.0 1.5 0.0

2011
3.2 <.1 12.3 0.1 41.3 37.3 4.6 1.2 0.0

2009
1.2 <.1 7.7 0.1 41.3 43.7 4.5 1.5 0.0

2010
1.7 <.1 7.2 0.4 45.4 40.4 3.8 1.1 0.0

2011
2.8 0.0 7.7 <.1 45.5 39.5 3.6 0.8 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARIZONA | CONTEXT DATA | 51

Arizona

O U TC O M E S DATA 1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 98.3 1.7 1,615

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.16 99.84 17,003

2009
98.5 1.5 1,522

2010
96.7 3.3 3,206

2011
95.4 4.6 3,184

2009
0.15 99.85 16,927

2010
0.19 99.81 17,060

2011
<.1 99.91 18,141

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 22.8 9.4 52.1 15.7 0.0 7,413

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
31.5 6.6 49.2 12.7 0.0 7,228 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
22.5 9.7 52.0 15.8 0.0 7,506

2010
28.7 8.1 50.0 13.2 0.0 7,097

2008
28.3 9.9 32.5 29.3 0.0 2,372

2009
28.7 11.4 31.3 28.5 0.0 2,617

2010
36.5 8.9 31.7 22.9 0.0 2,487

2011

39.9
7.5
30.7
21.9
0.0
2,711

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.7 8.5 47.3 42.4 0.0 1,939

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 15.2 84.8 0.0 726

2009
2.2 9.9 47.7 40.2 0.0 2,016

2010
4.5 9.5 47.4 38.6 0.0 1,755

2011
4.5 9.2 44.6 41.7 0.0 1,697

2009
16.4 83.6 0.0 739

2010
16.4 83.6 0.0 654

2011
13.4 86.6 0.0 699

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 11.7 14.3 52.5 21.5 0.0 265

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

7.6 17.3 53.4 21.7 0.0 277 12.5 16.8 45.9 24.7 0.0 279 19.2 11.4 44.7 24.6 0.0 333

2008
4.3 8.7 69.6 17.4 0.0 23

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 18 3.1 6.3 78.1 12.5 0.0 32

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 70.0 30.0 0.0 10

2008
16.3 7.4 56.9 19.3 0.0 606

2009
17.7 9.5 54.2 18.7 0.0 729

2010
22.3 7.8 50.2 19.8 0.0 658

2011
27.6 7.0 47.2 18.2 0.0 633

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 30.8 15.4 53.8 0.0 0.0 13 12.5 12.5 62.5 12.5 0.0 16 32.0 20.0 32.0 16.0 0.0 25 15.4 0.0 76.9 7.7 0.0 13

2008
24.4 9.8 51.0 14.8 0.0 2,992

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

23.8 9.6 51.5 15.0 0.0 2,937 31.4 8.7 48.6 11.3 0.0 2,941

2011
34.6 6.9 47.8 10.7 0.0 3,002

2008
24.3 8.7 51.7 15.3 0.0 2,987

White 2009 2010

24.7 8.7 50.3 16.3 0.0 2,982 30.5 7.0 49.8 12.7 0.0 2,698

2011
32.5 5.7 49.6 12.2 0.0 2,748

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 10.0 12.0 61.0 17.0 0.0 200

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

12.1 12.6 63.7 11.6 0.0 215 10.6 3.5 71.9 14.1 0.0 199

2011
8.6 7.7 73.0 10.8 0.0 222

2008
23.2 10.4 50.8 15.6 0.0 327

Two or More Races 2009 2010

23.2 10.8 55.4 10.5 0.0 332 29.4 6.8 52.1 11.7 0.0 265

2011
31.1 6.4 48.7 13.9 0.0 267

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARIZONA | OUTCOMES DATA | 52

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 78.2 17.3 3.6 0.7 0.3 0.0 3,865

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
79.0 17.1 3.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 3,906

2010
76.6 19.3 2.7 0.8 0.5 0.0 3,546

2011
76.3 20.1 2.9 0.6 0.2 0.0 3,555 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
80.6 11.2 8.2 0.0 8,099

2009
80.4 10.5 9.1 0.0 7,524

2010
79.8 10.1 10.2 0.0 7,841

2011
78.2 8.7 13.0 0.0 8,487

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.5 36.0 40.4 13.3 7.8 0.0 1,687

2009
3.8 36.9 37.6 13.4 8.2 0.0 1,692

2010
4.0 43.6 36.1 10.4 6.0 0.0 2,036

2011
4.8 42.2 38.0 9.7 5.4 0.0 2,274

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 87.5 11.2 1.3 9,014 87.5 11.7 0.8 8,741 87.1 11.7 1.1 8,866 87.0 11.2 1.8 9,691

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
63.0 37.0 <.1 4,195 66.7 33.2 <.1 4,618 69.8 30.1 <.1 4,609 69.7 30.2 0.1 5,034

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

31.5 68.3 0.2 3,761 32.0 68.0 0.0 3,544 37.1 62.9 <.1 3,548 39.9 60.1 <.1 3,427

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

97.0 0.0 3.0 33 100.0 0.0 0.0 24 86.5 0.0 13.5 37 93.8 0.0 6.3 32

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.3 5.5 91.2 0.0 5,891

2009
2.9 3.2 93.9 0.0 5,556

2010
2.5 2.1 95.4 0.0 5,855

2011
2.7 3.5 93.7 0.0 6,267

ARIZONA | OUTCOMES DATA | 53

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 93.4 64.6

2009
99.8 68.4

2010
98.5 65.9

2011
99.1 69.1

8.4

8.3

9.0

8.7

33.4 20.9

31.7 19.3

30.2 17.8

29.0 18.7

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 141.2 38.5 26.4 36.0

2009
151.5 40.7 26.1 37.0

2010
166.5 47.6 24.5 41.2

2011
173.3 47.1 24.5 45.9

15.6

18.2

21.4

22.0

59.8

65.0

66.9

71.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 136.0 36.3 93.8

2009
136.1 36.7 93.7

2010
144.9 39.8 95.7

2011
151.0 44.0 96.8

35.1

36.2

31.4

30.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 95.9 85.8 63.0 31.6

2009
97.9 85.7 66.8 32.0

2010
101.6 86.1 69.9 37.2

2011
103.5 87.5 69.8 39.9

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

ARIZONA | OUTCOMES DATA | 54

Arkansas

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 706,653 0.9 1.2 19.0 0.1 9.5 66.7 2.5 24.9

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
711,084 0.7 1.3 18.8 0.3 10.6 65.3 2.9 27.6

2009
709,968 0.9 1.3 18.9 0.1 10.0 66.1 2.7 27.2

2011
710,474 0.8 1.3 18.5 0.3 11.0 64.9 3.1 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
9,289 5.3 3,544 505

2009
10,556 5.8 3,697 601

2010
12,591 5.6 3,802 595

2011
12,043 5.5 3,789 585

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 48 2,575 5,372 53 7,504 14,212

2009
53 2,990 5,685 70 10,518 14,990

2010
45 2,653 5,887 67 8,433 12,641

2011
43 2,654 6,114 69 9,665 14,001

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 57,925 9,289 21

2008

Rate

Number
64,124 10,556 13

2009

Rate

Number
73,257 12,591 19

2010

Rate

Number
71,172 12,043 12

2011

Rate

82.0 per 1,000 13.1 per 1,000 3.0 per 100,000

90.3 per 1,000 14.9 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

103.0 per 1,000 17.7 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

100.2 per 1,000 17.0 per 1,000 1.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.5 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.5 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 6.1 6.1 5.2 2.8 <.1 1.2 9,289

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.3 6.0 6.3 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.8 5.9 6.4 4.8 3.0 0.1 1.0 10,556

2010
10.8 5.8 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.2 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.0 6.1 5.9 4.2 2.9 0.1 0.8 12,591

2011
10.7 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.4 3.8 4.4 5.6 5.7 4.3 2.9 <.1 0.6 12,043 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.2 0.4 18.5 0.4 6.3 67.8 6.1 0.4 9,289

2009
0.1 0.3 19.6 0.3 5.9 66.7 6.4 0.7 10,556

2010
<.1 0.2 17.6 0.4 5.8 69.3 5.9 0.7 12,591

2011
0.1 0.1 17.5 0.2 6.4 68.1 7.1 0.4 12,043

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
ARKANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 55

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.1 8.0 57.7 16.8 24.6 0.0 <.1 9,289

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.8 7.0 64.0 18.9 19.3 0.0 <.1 12,591

2009
1.2 7.3 61.7 18.1 22.0 0.0 <.1 10,556

2011
0.8 6.9 65.8 16.7 18.9 0.0 <.1 12,043 Mean Median

2008
122.1 >24 but<48

2009
104.9 >24 but<48

2010
117.3 >24 but<48

2011
127.9 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 3,430 11.7 3,438 11.9 3,505 10.7 3,667 10.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,776 N/A 4,150 N/A 3,982 N/A 3,889 N/A

2008
3,662 3.9

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,891 3.3 3,685 5.0 3,767 6.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,544 11.7 3,697 10.3 3,802 10.2 3,789 10.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 7.4 7.2 6.4 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.4 4.1 4.8 4.5 5.2 6.5 8.3 7.2 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 7.5 8.9 7.1 6.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.3 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 7.4 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 8.8 7.9 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.9 7.1 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 9.8 8.3 6.5 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.6 5.2 6.1 6.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.1 8.0 6.9 7.3 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.1 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.4 5.4 5.3 3.9 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 8.7 8.0 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.1 4.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.5 5.8 4.9 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 16.8 8.2 7.8 6.6 5.9 6.0 5.5 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 8.2 8.1 7.1 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.2 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.7 4.1 3.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
7.7 7.5 7.8 7.3 6.8 5.5 5.3 5.4 3.9 4.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 5.0 4.8 4.3 6.3 <.1 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

7.9 8.5 8.2 7.4 6.9 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 <.1 8.0 7.9 8.8 7.9 6.1 5.7 5.5 4.4 4.5 3.7 3.9 2.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.1 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.8 8.7 7.9 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.6 4.5 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.0 2.9 3.1 4.2 3.6 4.4 5.3 <.1 0.0 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.7 8.8 6.9 6.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.3 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.5 7.3 8.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 8.8 8.3 6.0 5.6 5.0 5.2 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.7 6.0 6.9 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 9.8 8.3 6.6 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.7 5.2 6.2 6.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 8.9 8.8 7.2 6.2 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.5 3.5 3.9 3.3 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.8 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.2 29.2 <.1 5.3 56.4 8.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 27.0 <.1 6.6 56.2 9.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 25.8 <.1 6.7 57.1 9.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 <.1 23.9 <.1 6.2 60.0 9.4 0.2 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.5 23.7 <.1 7.8 60.5 6.8 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.2 24.3 <.1 6.3 60.6 8.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.1 0.2 6.4 64.7 7.7 0.6 0.0 <.1 0.3 21.1 0.2 6.4 63.5 8.3 0.3 0.0

2008
0.2 0.5 25.6 <.1 7.1 59.4 6.9 0.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 25.2 <.1 6.2 59.6 8.3 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 21.8 0.2 7.1 62.0 8.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 22.5 <.1 6.6 61.3 8.9 0.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.2 27.1 <.1 6.2 57.6 8.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 25.9 <.1 6.7 57.6 9.3 0.2 0.0 <.1 <.1 23.8 <.1 6.0 60.4 9.3 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.1 22.4 0.2 5.9 62.3 8.7 0.3 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARKANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 56

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
875 422

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
850 420

2010
879 472

2011
1,006 549
Total children adopted

2008
505

2009
601

2010
595

2011
585

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.6 8.0 6.7 8.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.9 4.1 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.1 5.7 4.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
2.8 7.5 7.8 6.3 4.8 5.6 5.5 6.0 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.0 5.8 5.8 4.9 4.2

2009
2.9 7.8 7.4 7.1 5.1 5.8 4.8 7.2 5.4 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.1 5.4 5.3 5.9 5.3 5.3

2011
3.1 7.3 8.8 6.0 6.5 4.9 5.2 5.8 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.8 5.6 6.6 4.4 3.8 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.0 7.1 14.7 9.5 13.7 8.9 9.1 6.7 5.3 5.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.6 1.4 2.2 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
2.8 10.0 13.3 12.6 10.8 8.7 6.5 5.8 5.0 4.7 3.8 3.5 4.0 2.8 2.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
4.2 12.4 15.3 12.9 7.9 7.4 4.9 6.4 5.5 5.0 3.2 2.2 3.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 2.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
3.8 14.7 13.3 12.1 8.5 7.7 6.0 6.0 4.6 5.3 2.9 4.6 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.4 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 0.1 28.7 0.0 5.1 56.9 8.7 0.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.4 0.2 29.5 0.0 4.8 55.8 9.1 0.2 0.0

2009
0.2 0.1 29.8 0.1 5.2 54.2 10.1 0.2 0.0

2010
0.0 0.1 31.1 0.0 4.9 51.8 12.2 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 <.1 24.1 <.1 6.2 58.5 10.8 0.2 0.0

2009
0.2 0.0 27.8 0.2 5.7 58.4 7.7 0.2 0.0

2010
0.3 0.5 25.2 0.0 5.0 61.8 7.1 0.0 0.0

2011
0.5 0.0 22.9 0.0 6.2 63.6 6.8 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARKANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 57

Arkansas

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.7 5.3 4,291

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.57 99.43 7,206

2009
94.5 5.5 4,778

2010
93.8 6.2 5,663

2011
92.3 7.7 5,727

2009
0.47 99.53 7,588

2010
0.33 99.67 7,487

2011
0.19 99.81 7,556

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.5 2.5 76.4 7.5 0.0 3,662

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
15.0 2.6 75.4 6.9 0.1 3,767 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.1 3.3 73.6 8.0 0.0 3,891

2010
15.6 2.5 73.4 8.3 <.1 3,685

2008
17.5 2.9 58.2 21.3 0.0 342

2009
25.4 4.7 47.7 22.3 0.0 386

2010
22.2 4.9 53.9 18.7 0.3 369

2011
5.7
3.7
82.6
7.9
<.1
1,201

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.7 3.7 71.4 24.2 0.0 865

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 20.3 79.7 0.0 256

2009
1.8 4.3 66.7 27.2 0.0 898

2010
1.6 4.0 65.9 28.4 0.1 856

2011
2.1 3.4 66.3 28.1 0.1 745

2009
18.2 81.8 0.0 292

2010
18.7 81.3 0.0 294

2011
18.2 81.8 0.0 253

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 0.0 6

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

60.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 5 20.0 10.0 50.0 0.0 20.0 10 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 75.0 4

2008
10.5 0.0 73.7 15.8 0.0 19

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 83.3 16.7 0.0 6 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 9

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 9

2008
14.0 1.7 75.0 9.3 0.0 936

2009
15.1 3.4 73.6 8.0 0.0 981

2010
17.2 2.0 70.6 10.2 0.0 802

2011
14.2 1.9 74.0 9.9 0.0 846

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 16.7 0.0 83.3 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2008
10.8 2.7 81.5 5.0 0.0 259

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

18.2 1.7 74.0 6.2 0.0 242 12.7 1.5 75.8 10.0 0.0 260

2011
14.0 1.6 78.8 5.6 0.0 250

2008
12.6 2.8 77.4 7.2 0.0 2,175

White 2009 2010

14.2 3.2 74.4 8.2 0.0 2,318 15.2 3.0 74.0 7.7 <.1 2,284

2011
15.1 3.0 75.6 6.3 <.1 2,309

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 8.3 0.0 75.0 16.7 0.0 12

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

6.7 0.0 80.0 13.3 0.0 15 5.6 0.0 83.3 11.1 0.0 18

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 9

2008
22.9 2.8 68.8 5.5 0.0 253

Two or More Races 2009 2010

18.9 5.3 67.7 8.1 0.0 322 16.9 1.4 75.0 6.8 0.0 296

2011
18.7 2.1 73.9 5.3 0.0 337

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ARKANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 58

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 86.0 11.5 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 2,799

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
89.6 8.3 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 2,865

2010
85.7 11.7 1.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 2,706

2011
82.0 15.6 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.0 2,839 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.8 11.4 8.8 <.1 3,776

2009
82.6 8.6 8.7 0.2 4,150

2010
84.8 8.2 7.0 0.0 3,982

2011
82.0 9.4 8.6 <.1 3,889

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.8 31.7 39.0 14.7 10.7 0.0 495

2009
6.5 34.8 33.4 13.3 11.9 0.0 586

2010
9.9 36.6 30.9 13.9 8.7 0.0 576

2011
8.3 34.3 39.4 7.4 10.6 0.0 566

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 75.6 23.5 0.8 4,378 74.8 24.4 0.7 4,815 76.1 21.8 2.1 4,623 75.9 22.7 1.4 4,644

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
39.0 60.8 0.2 1,339 44.0 55.8 0.2 1,308 45.3 54.6 0.1 1,455 44.8 55.2 0.0 1,526

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.2 80.8 0.0 1,466 16.8 83.1 0.1 1,456 20.5 79.4 0.1 1,386 20.1 79.7 0.1 1,372

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

82.6 0.0 17.4 23 88.9 0.0 11.1 9 82.6 0.0 17.4 23 78.6 0.0 21.4 14

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.8 11.0 87.2 0.0 2,885

2009
2.2 10.1 87.7 0.0 3,179

2010
2.6 10.5 86.9 0.0 3,108

2011
2.8 10.6 86.6 0.0 3,093

ARKANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 59

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 146.5 86.6

2009
154.6 92.1

2010
155.5 91.3

2011
153.4 89.5

2.1

1.5

1.7

1.9

65.1 13.5

64.6 12.3

62.2 11.1

66.7 11.2

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 107.6 35.9 27.8 27.3

2009
118.4 41.0 26.6 29.9

2010
133.9 46.6 25.3 28.3

2011
132.7 41.9 25.9 31.4

6.4

5.6

7.4

8.4

46.8

53.4

65.1

66.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 125.9 29.7 95.5

2009
130.0 29.6 95.5

2010
128.2 28.9 94.9

2011
129.1 29.5 96.1

36.5

33.7

37.7

34.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 70.8 72.6 39.1 19.4

2009
71.5 71.7 44.2 16.8

2010
75.2 75.1 45.0 20.5

2011
75.0 74.8 44.8 20.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

ARKANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 60

California

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
84,848 3.7 66,414 7,777

2009
79,799 3.6 59,430 7,438

2010
82,879 3.5 55,381 6,459

2011
86,412 3.4 56,349 5,351

9,424,028 9,435,682 9,297,344 9,271,919 0.5 10.2 6.0 0.3 49.6 30.0 3.4 18.5 0.5 10.2 5.9 0.3 50.2 29.4 3.5 19.9 0.4 10.5 5.7 0.4 51.3 27.5 4.2 22.0 0.4 10.6 5.6 0.4 51.6 27.1 4.4 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 63 55,049 87,117 71 290,315 410,382

2009
67 53,506 79,357 72 288,913 402,780

2010
71 52,263 73,876 73 284,705 387,694

2011
74 52,393 71,018 75 296,795 396,261

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 470,368 84,848 185

2008

Rate

Number
449,388 79,799 185

2009

Rate

Number
439,306 82,879 120

2010

Rate

Number
464,366 86,412 123

2011

Rate

49.9 per 1,000 9.0 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

47.6 per 1,000 8.5 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

47.3 per 1,000 8.9 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

50.1 per 1,000 9.3 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.3 6.8 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 3.4 <.1 <.1 84,848

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.7 7.2 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.3 3.3 <.1 <.1 79,799

2010
12.9 7.5 6.8 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.4 3.1 <.1 <.1 82,879

2011
13.1 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.1 3.0 <.1 <.1 86,412 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.6 3.0 13.3 0.3 51.0 25.2 3.5 2.8 84,848

2009
0.7 2.7 12.9 0.3 51.7 25.5 3.4 2.8 79,799

2010
0.6 2.4 13.1 0.3 53.0 24.4 3.5 2.7 82,879

2011
0.6 2.1 13.0 0.2 54.0 23.5 3.4 3.2 86,412

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
CALIFORNIA | CONTEXT DATA | 61

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 17.7 74.2 11.1 7.3 0.0 <.1 84,848

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
16.5 78.5 10.2 6.1 0.0 0.1 82,879

2009
16.2 76.9 10.6 6.9 0.0 0.1 79,799

2011
18.4 78.2 9.9 5.7 0.0 <.1 86,412 Mean Median

2008
188.5 >72 but<96

2009
125.4 >72 but<96

2010
136.5 >72 but<96

2011
143.1 >72 but<96

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 72,735 17.4 64,680 17.9 58,816 16.7 55,851 15.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

35,233 N/A 34,031 N/A 32,668 N/A 31,456 N/A

2008
41,555 14.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

39,282 14.4 36,105 13.9 30,959 13.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

66,414 18.1 59,430 17.0 55,381 15.7 56,349 15.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.7 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.4 6.4 7.5 8.9 9.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.2 6.6 5.7 5.1 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.5 5.3 6.2 7.8 8.9 9.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.4 6.5 5.8 5.1 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.1 5.1 6.2 7.7 9.2 9.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.8 6.6 6.3 5.3 4.8 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.8 7.3 8.9 10.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.5 7.2 6.1 5.6 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.6 5.4 6.4 7.2 4.8 0.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 16.2 7.7 6.8 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 4.4 5.2 6.4 7.0 4.9 0.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 16.3 7.9 6.9 6.1 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3 4.2 5.2 6.1 6.8 4.9 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 17.0 7.4 6.7 6.4 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.6 4.0 4.9 6.0 6.3 4.5 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1

2008
4.7 8.0 7.3 6.2 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.9 6.6 11.2 2.0 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.5 7.8 7.6 6.4 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.4 5.4 7.1 11.2 2.6 0.0 <.1 4.5 7.4 7.4 6.6 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.6 7.4 10.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 4.5 7.4 7.7 6.7 6.0 5.3 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.9 7.0 11.9 1.7 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.1 6.5 5.6 5.1 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.4 5.2 6.2 7.6 9.0 9.9 3.8 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.3 6.6 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.5 9.1 9.5 3.6 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.8 6.7 6.4 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.8 7.3 8.8 9.7 3.7 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.9 7.0 6.2 5.9 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.3 5.1 6.6 8.2 9.4 4.7 0.2 0.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.8 1.6 23.8 0.3 47.2 21.7 4.4 0.3 0.0 0.7 1.8 23.9 0.3 47.4 21.2 4.6 0.2 <.1 0.7 1.8 23.3 0.2 47.9 21.0 4.9 0.2 <.1 0.7 1.7 22.1 0.3 48.4 21.5 5.1 0.2 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.6 2.5 19.0 0.4 50.2 22.2 4.3 0.7 0.0 0.8 2.4 18.5 0.3 50.9 22.3 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.7 17.7 0.3 51.8 22.9 4.5 0.2 0.2 0.8 1.8 16.7 0.4 52.1 23.0 4.3 0.2 0.6

2008
0.7 2.1 19.5 0.4 49.9 22.7 4.2 0.5 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.7 2.3 20.1 0.3 50.0 22.0 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.9 20.0 0.2 50.4 22.0 4.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 2.0 18.7 0.3 51.2 21.8 4.7 0.3 0.3

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.7 1.8 23.9 0.2 47.2 21.3 4.4 0.4 0.0 0.7 1.8 23.3 0.3 47.7 21.4 4.7 0.1 <.1 0.8 1.7 22.1 0.3 48.5 21.4 5.1 0.2 <.1 0.8 1.5 21.0 0.3 48.9 22.2 4.8 0.2 0.2

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CALIFORNIA | CONTEXT DATA | 62

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
17,777 9,836

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
15,599 8,517

2010
14,840 7,229

2011
13,178 6,944
Total children adopted

2008
7,777

2009
7,438

2010
6,459

2011
5,351

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 7.3 11.9 11.1 9.2 7.7 6.8 6.1 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.5 1.8

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
10.2 11.8 11.5 9.2 7.6 6.7 5.6 5.0 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.4 1.9

2009
8.7 11.6 10.5 9.0 7.9 6.6 5.8 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.2

2011
6.3 12.2 10.8 10.3 8.1 7.1 6.3 5.4 5.0 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.9 14.2 16.2 12.4 9.2 7.0 6.5 5.8 4.6 4.2 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.3 <.1 0.0

2009
1.9 13.3 15.8 12.5 9.5 8.0 6.6 5.9 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.2 <.1 0.0

2010
2.7 13.1 15.2 12.5 9.0 8.1 6.7 5.5 4.8 4.1 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.3 <.1 0.0

2011
2.7 14.1 15.9 12.5 10.0 7.9 6.8 5.2 4.5 4.0 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.6 1.5 19.7 0.2 50.6 22.1 5.2 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.4 1.8 15.4 0.3 51.3 25.4 5.4 <.1 0.0

2009
0.7 1.5 19.0 0.3 50.2 22.6 5.7 <.1 0.0

2010
0.7 1.4 17.8 0.3 50.1 23.5 6.2 <.1 0.0

2011
0.7 1.3 17.6 0.3 48.8 25.5 5.7 <.1 0.0

2009
0.5 1.8 16.8 0.1 52.0 23.2 5.5 <.1 0.0

2010
0.5 1.4 16.6 0.2 51.3 23.9 5.9 0.1 0.0

2011
0.6 1.7 14.4 0.3 50.4 26.1 6.6 <.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CALIFORNIA | CONTEXT DATA | 63

California

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 92.7 7.3 38,645

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care 0.29 Children not maltreated while in foster care 99.71 Number 107,968

2009
93.2 6.8 37,354

2010
93.2 6.8 38,653

2011
93.0 7.0 40,448

2009
0.31 99.69 98,711

2010
0.32 99.68 91,484

2011
0.30 99.70 87,307

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.7 6.7 57.2 16.1 1.4 41,555

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
17.3 6.6 57.6 17.3 1.2 30,959 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
18.8 6.3 55.9 17.9 1.2 39,282

2010
18.2 6.2 57.0 17.5 1.2 36,105

2008
25.2 8.3 44.8 19.9 1.9 17,651

2009
25.5 7.2 45.4 20.4 1.5 14,084

2010
23.3 7.7 46.5 20.8 1.7 13,793

2011

21.6
7.5
47.7
21.6
1.6
12,158

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.2 3.7 53.2 39.8 2.0 10,376

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 42.1 57.9 <.1 5,148

2009
1.2 3.2 50.1 43.9 1.6 10,660

2010
1.2 3.3 51.4 42.4 1.7 9,859

2011
1.1 3.4 49.9 43.7 1.9 8,051

2009
37.5 62.5 <.1 5,474

2010
39.0 60.9 <.1 4,917

2011
37.9 62.1 <.1 4,400

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 11.8 11.1 54.7 20.4 2.1 289

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

11.2 11.6 55.2 22.0 0.0 277 13.0 10.4 53.0 20.4 3.0 230 11.5 17.8 48.6 20.7 1.4 208

2008
16.0 3.9 68.6 11.0 0.6 876

Asian 2009 2010

15.1 6.1 65.7 12.0 1.1 886 14.1 6.5 61.4 17.2 0.7 679

Black 2011
14.4 8.0 62.7 14.4 0.5 624

2008
14.9 10.4 47.5 25.4 1.8 8,113

2009
15.6 8.3 47.8 26.7 1.5 7,894

2010
15.1 8.2 49.5 25.6 1.6 7,231

2011
13.4 8.4 50.6 25.8 1.8 5,801

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.0 6.9 71.7 5.8 0.6 173 7.8 9.3 70.5 11.6 0.8 129 15.9 2.3 70.5 11.4 0.0 88 19.3 13.6 62.5 4.5 0.0 88

2008
19.2 5.9 61.1 12.6 1.3 20,717

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

19.6 5.8 58.9 14.7 1.0 19,629 18.6 5.9 60.2 14.4 0.9 18,210

2011
17.1 6.1 61.3 14.5 1.0 15,853

2008
20.6 5.5 55.9 16.7 1.2 9,431

White 2009 2010

20.2 5.5 55.2 18.1 1.1 8,628 19.6 5.0 56.8 17.3 1.3 7,938

2011
20.4 5.7 56.0 16.7 1.2 6,752

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.0 1.5 73.8 20.8 2.0 202

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

4.8 0.8 65.9 28.6 0.0 126 6.6 3.3 57.1 33.0 0.0 91

2011
2.4 4.7 38.8 51.8 2.4 85

2008
23.9 6.4 53.5 14.5 1.6 1,754

Two or More Races 2009 2010

24.3 5.7 53.2 15.0 1.7 1,648 25.2 6.5 50.9 15.8 1.5 1,549

2011
23.7 7.9 50.6 16.5 1.3 1,463

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

1.5 0.0 92.3 6.2 0.0 65 0.0 3.4 82.0 14.6 0.0 89

2011
0.0 3.5 91.8 4.7 0.0 85

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CALIFORNIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 64

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 65.3 27.3 3.5 1.4 2.5 0.0 23,755

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
66.5 26.6 3.4 1.2 2.2 0.0 21,943

2010
68.3 24.6 3.2 1.3 2.5 <.1 20,562

2011
67.6 25.5 3.6 1.1 2.1 <.1 17,832 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within
12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
77.5 9.3 12.6 0.6 35,233

2009
77.7 9.4 12.4 0.5 34,031

2010
77.6 9.2 12.5 0.6 32,668

2011
78.2
8.6 12.7 0.5 31,456

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.8 25.7 36.4 18.1 16.0 <.1 7,759

2009
4.0 24.8 34.6 19.4 17.2 0.0 7,395

2010
5.1 27.2 31.1 19.6 17.0 0.0 6,568

2011
4.9 27.9 34.1 18.0 15.0 0.0 5,342

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 82.6 17.1 0.3 83.6 16.1 0.3 84.2 15.3 0.4 83.2 16.4 0.4

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
61.8 38.1 <.1 60.6 39.3 <.1 62.0 37.9 <.1 63.4 36.5 0.1

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

33.7 66.2 <.1 32.9 67.0 <.1 32.0 67.9 <.1 33.5 66.5 <.1

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 100.0 0.0 2 33.3 66.7 0.0 3

41,749 40,127 38,982 36,850 25,939 22,583 21,036 21,084 40,276 35,999 31,464 29,370

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.9 3.8 95.4 0.0 24,115

2009
0.8 3.6 95.6 0.0 23,165

2010
0.7 3.2 96.1 0.0 22,085

2011
0.7 2.5 96.8 0.0 23,103

CALIFORNIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 65

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 108.6 61.3

2009
110.8 62.5

2010
111.7 64.5

2011
111.7 64.7

8.9

8.6

8.6

8.6

40.7 12.7

40.4 12.4

42.1 12.6

37.5 12.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 99.7 29.5 30.2 17.9

2009
101.0 28.8 31.0 19.2

2010
106.6 32.2 30.6 19.2

2011
104.9 32.8 29.5 16.7

6.6

6.8

6.6

6.4

55.0

55.7

61.9

62.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 113.1 22.4 97.5

2009
113.8 22.8 97.2

2010
114.5 23.7 97.0

2011
113.0 20.8 97.2

49.0

48.8

48.9

47.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 92.9 81.1 61.7 33.9

2009
93.0 82.3 60.6 33.1

2010
94.1 83.2 62.1 32.5

2011
94.4 82.3 63.4 33.8

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

CALIFORNIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 66

Colorado

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
11,247 5.4 8,065 1,005

2009
11,881 5.0 7,428 1,067

2010
11,720 4.7 7,037 983

2011
11,072 4.3 6,685 918

1,210,628 1,227,763 1,225,617 1,230,088 0.8 2.6 4.6 0.1 29.3 59.7 3.0 15.1 0.8 2.7 4.6 0.1 29.9 58.9 3.1 17.4 0.6 2.7 4.1 0.1 30.7 58.0 3.8 17.4 0.6 2.7 4.2 0.1 31.0 57.4 3.9 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 70 7,377 10,614 86 41,486 48,187

2009
74 7,480 10,149 86 35,386 40,942

2010
76 7,672 10,150 88 39,997 45,706

2011
86 7,389 8,635 88 41,975 47,939

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 53,392 11,247 32

2008

Rate

Number
52,510 11,881 36

2009

Rate

Number
51,132 11,720 27

2010

Rate

Number
49,345 11,072 31

2011

Rate

44.1 per 1,000 9.3 per 1,000 2.6 per 100,000

42.8 per 1,000 9.7 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

41.7 per 1,000 9.6 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

40.1 per 1,000 9.0 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.9 7.5 7.5 6.8 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 5.7 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.2 1.8 0.1 <.1 11,247

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.2 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 5.8 5.5 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 11,881

2010
10.3 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.5 5.5 5.3 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.3 1.8 0.1 0.1 11,720

2011
11.3 7.7 7.7 6.8 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.0 1.6 0.3 0.3 11,072 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.9 0.7 8.8 0.1 36.5 48.6 3.0 1.4 11,247

2009
0.7 0.7 9.3 0.2 38.1 45.9 3.4 1.7 11,881

2010
0.7 0.5 8.9 0.3 38.2 46.8 3.3 1.2 11,720

2011
0.7 0.8 8.5 0.2 36.9 47.0 3.7 2.2 11,072

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
COLORADO | CONTEXT DATA | 67

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 3.7 1.7 71.2 14.6 9.2 4.9 0.0 11,247

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
4.1 1.5 78.7 12.4 9.3 0.3 0.0 11,720

2009
4.4 1.5 74.8 14.4 9.4 0.7 0.0 11,881

2011
3.8 1.7 77.6 12.6 9.5 0.4 0.0 11,072 Mean Median

2008
22.7 <24

2009
18.3 <24

2010
17.1 <24

2011
18.0 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,661 13.5 7,450 12.2 7,131 12.6 6,734 12.8

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,496 N/A 6,170 N/A 5,723 N/A 5,265 N/A

2008
6,092 8.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6,192 8.2 5,817 8.4 5,314 8.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8,065 12.2 7,428 12.2 7,037 12.5 6,685 12.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.6 5.9 5.1 3.8 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.1 4.3 6.0 7.8 10.2 11.0 6.5 3.5 1.4 0.2 6.1 5.9 4.9 4.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.9 5.5 7.9 10.0 11.8 7.3 3.0 1.5 0.4 5.0 5.7 4.4 3.8 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.2 4.1 4.9 7.3 10.6 12.7 9.1 4.1 1.6 0.5 5.3 5.8 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.4 3.9 5.3 6.4 10.0 12.8 9.0 4.4 1.9 0.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.4 5.9 5.6 4.9 4.6 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.0 4.6 6.2 8.9 9.8 8.6 1.0 0.2 <.1 <.1 13.0 6.4 5.2 4.7 5.0 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.5 3.4 4.1 5.8 8.7 10.5 9.7 1.6 0.3 <.1 <.1 13.2 6.6 5.5 4.8 4.7 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.3 5.6 8.2 10.0 8.8 1.3 0.2 <.1 0.0 13.2 6.8 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.0 4.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.4 4.1 6.2 7.3 9.6 8.0 1.3 0.3 <.1 <.1

2008
5.7 7.8 6.5 5.6 4.8 3.9 4.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.9 6.5 7.9 8.0 8.0 3.5 2.1 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.3 8.1 7.1 5.9 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.2 2.8 2.6 3.9 5.4 7.2 6.8 9.2 3.1 1.8 0.5 6.0 7.1 7.1 5.1 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.0 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.9 4.9 6.7 7.8 9.6 4.6 2.6 <.1 6.2 8.4 6.9 6.1 5.3 4.0 4.1 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.6 4.3 5.8 7.6 8.8 4.8 3.4 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.0 5.6 4.7 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.4 3.9 5.7 8.0 9.8 11.5 6.9 2.9 1.5 0.4 5.0 5.8 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.2 4.2 5.0 7.7 11.0 12.4 8.8 3.9 1.5 0.5 5.2 5.6 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.0 5.5 6.7 10.5 12.7 8.7 4.3 1.9 0.6 5.0 5.5 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.8 9.2 11.9 9.1 4.7 1.9 0.7

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.7 0.3 12.8 0.3 36.6 45.4 3.7 0.1 <.1 0.9 0.2 13.7 0.2 37.3 43.3 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 14.1 0.2 36.6 43.7 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.8 13.6 0.2 36.4 43.9 4.2 0.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.1 0.3 12.7 0.1 38.8 43.2 3.6 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 12.5 0.2 38.0 43.5 4.1 <.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 11.4 0.2 39.1 43.4 4.1 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.6 12.3 0.2 37.8 43.5 4.2 0.2 0.0

2008
0.9 0.4 11.5 0.2 38.2 45.2 3.5 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1.1 0.4 12.3 0.2 38.6 43.1 4.1 <.1 0.0 0.7 0.5 11.8 0.1 39.6 43.3 4.0 <.1 0.0 0.9 0.4 12.4 0.2 37.6 44.5 4.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.9 0.3 13.7 0.2 37.1 43.8 3.8 0.2 <.1 0.7 0.6 13.9 0.2 36.8 43.6 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 13.8 0.2 36.2 43.8 4.1 0.1 0.0 0.9 1.0 13.6 0.3 36.5 43.1 4.4 0.3 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

COLORADO | CONTEXT DATA | 68

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,905 1,131

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,524 1,261

2010
1,247 777

2011
1,131 587
Total children adopted

2008
1,005

2009
1,067

2010
983

2011
918

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 4.2 8.2 7.9 6.9 5.8 5.6 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.4 6.1 4.2 5.2 5.2 4.6 5.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.4 8.8 8.7 6.7 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.5 5.4 4.7 6.3 5.7 5.0 5.0 6.1 4.7 4.9 4.6

2009
3.8 10.0 7.4 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.4 6.0 4.5 5.7 5.2 4.7 4.8 6.0 4.7 4.7 3.9 3.9

2011
2.0 8.8 7.9 5.8 5.5 6.1 5.1 5.4 4.5 6.5 5.0 6.0 5.6 4.8 4.7 6.0 4.9 5.4 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.7 18.8 14.6 11.9 7.6 7.4 7.7 4.6 4.1 4.5 3.5 3.9 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

2009
3.3 20.7 17.2 10.8 8.9 6.5 4.8 4.7 3.9 3.7 4.2 2.2 3.1 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 <.1

2010
3.3 15.0 15.6 9.8 8.2 8.7 6.3 6.2 5.4 3.9 3.4 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

2011
2.7 18.7 16.0 11.2 9.3 6.0 6.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 3.6 4.2 2.6 2.7 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.6 <.1 11.3 0.2 38.2 45.4 4.1 0.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.8 0.0 8.6 <.1 39.2 45.7 5.7 0.0 0.0

2009
0.6 <.1 12.0 0.1 37.0 44.9 5.2 <.1 0.0

2010
0.7 <.1 13.2 0.2 36.9 43.7 5.2 0.0 0.0

2011
0.5 0.4 14.1 0.2 35.8 42.8 5.8 0.4 0.0

2009
0.7 0.3 8.6 0.0 37.3 47.1 5.9 0.0 0.0

2010
0.4 0.1 10.3 0.1 36.6 46.0 6.5 0.0 0.0

2011
0.4 0.1 10.1 0.1 36.1 46.8 6.3 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

COLORADO | CONTEXT DATA | 69

Colorado

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.9 5.1 5,350

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.54 99.46 14,157

2009
95.8 4.2 5,494

2010
95.7 4.3 5,676

2011
95.5 4.5 5,076

2009
0.39 99.61 13,620

2010
0.54 99.46 12,854

2011
0.66 99.34 11,999

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 14.9 4.0 67.0 14.0 0.1 6,092

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
14.9 3.8 65.9 15.0 0.4 5,314 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.7 4.7 64.5 14.6 0.4 6,192

2010
15.2 3.8 65.9 14.8 0.3 5,817

2008
24.5 2.4 40.8 32.1 0.2 546

2009
35.9 1.4 45.5 15.3 1.9 209

2010
30.5 2.0 50.0 17.6 0.0 256

2011

25.6
2.0
35.4
35.0
2.0
297

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.6 1.5 69.1 28.7 0.0 2,342

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 22.0 78.0 0.0 508

2009
1.0 2.2 64.4 32.4 <.1 2,192

2010
0.7 2.2 66.2 30.7 <.1 2,190

2011
0.6 1.9 64.9 32.6 0.0 1,895

2009
20.8 79.2 0.0 600

2010
21.4 78.6 0.0 593

2011
20.8 79.0 0.2 577

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.8 5.3 70.2 8.8 0.0 57

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

12.7 0.0 50.7 35.2 1.4 71 9.8 7.3 46.3 36.6 0.0 41 8.3 6.3 72.9 12.5 0.0 48

2008
0.0 0.0 72.7 27.3 0.0 22

Asian 2009 2010

4.5 0.0 77.3 18.2 0.0 22 3.7 0.0 74.1 22.2 0.0 27

Black 2011
4.3 0.0 60.9 34.8 0.0 23

2008
11.7 4.4 65.4 18.2 0.3 702

2009
11.1 5.0 61.3 22.1 0.5 764

2010
13.6 3.8 62.1 20.4 0.1 686

2011
12.3 3.2 63.9 19.8 0.8 660

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.7 0.0 86.7 6.7 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 46.2 53.8 0.0 13 12.5 0.0 75.0 12.5 0.0 8 12.5 0.0 75.0 12.5 0.0 8

2008
14.8 4.6 68.0 12.5 0.1 2,328

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

15.2 5.5 65.8 13.3 0.3 2,392 14.3 4.2 68.3 13.0 0.3 2,301

2011
14.0 5.0 67.2 13.5 0.4 1,998

2008
15.4 3.2 67.0 14.3 <.1 2,752

White 2009 2010

17.2 4.3 64.8 13.4 0.4 2,669 16.1 3.3 65.9 14.5 0.2 2,520

2011
15.8 3.0 65.4 15.4 0.4 2,367

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 4

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
23.5 5.6 57.7 12.7 0.5 213

Two or More Races 2009 2010

22.7 4.3 63.1 9.4 0.4 255 23.5 5.7 55.2 15.2 0.4 230

2011
24.3 2.4 63.8 9.0 0.5 210

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

COLORADO | OUTCOMES DATA | 70

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 77.1 15.6 4.1 1.7 1.4 0.0 4,080

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
80.6 14.4 2.9 1.0 1.1 <.1 3,995

2010
78.2 15.2 4.1 1.3 1.1 <.1 3,832

2011
76.8 16.3 4.6 1.2 1.1 <.1 3,500 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
70.6 13.8 13.6 2.0 6,496

2009
62.8 16.1 13.6 7.6 6,170

2010
68.4 15.7 13.5 2.4 5,723

2011
69.8 16.1 13.3 0.8 5,265

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 12.5 43.5 25.4 9.1 9.5 0.0 910

2009
11.8 47.4 28.6 7.7 4.4 0.0 974

2010
9.8 40.6 31.2 10.1 8.2 0.0 887

2011
10.1 46.7 26.1 9.5 7.6 0.0 792

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 84.6 10.9 4.5 7,714 82.6 12.2 5.2 7,452 84.3 10.7 5.0 6,869 84.7 10.5 4.9 6,292

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
63.4 35.7 0.9 2,863 64.6 34.5 0.9 2,911 56.9 42.3 0.8 2,815 62.8 36.6 0.7 2,691

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

33.4 66.4 0.2 3,552 32.2 67.5 0.2 3,219 33.0 66.6 0.4 3,141 30.7 69.0 0.4 2,996

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

78.6 3.6 17.9 28 81.6 2.6 15.8 38 79.3 3.4 17.2 29 90.0 5.0 5.0 20

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.6 3.4 96.0 0.0 3,811

2009
0.2 3.9 95.9 0.0 3,555

2010
0.5 3.8 95.7 0.0 3,411

2011
0.3 4.3 95.4 0.0 3,230

COLORADO | OUTCOMES DATA | 71

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 121.9 77.7

2009
121.6 79.5

2010
131.9 78.1

2011
123.0 76.7

5.8

5.4

5.4

5.4

55.0 17.3

51.7 17.7

56.7 13.4

55.1 17.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 113.4 56.0 22.4 19.2

2009
119.2 59.4 21.5 21.3

2010
119.6 50.6 23.7 23.3

2011
119.4 56.8 22.2 20.5

2.3

4.1

2.3

1.5

58.3

52.0

62.6

63.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 122.7 19.9 95.1

2009
128.0 20.3 97.2

2010
134.2 25.0 97.2

2011
129.4 21.5 96.8

30.2

27.0

25.3

26.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 99.5 87.5 64.8 35.8

2009
99.5 86.4 66.7 35.1

2010
98.6 88.1 60.2 37.1

2011
99.9 87.8 66.6 34.5

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

COLORADO | OUTCOMES DATA | 72

Connecticut

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 814,394 0.3 3.9 11.2 <.1 17.3 64.9 2.4 12.5

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
815,431 0.2 4.2 11.1 <.1 19.7 61.4 3.3 12.8

2009
807,985 0.3 4.0 11.2 <.1 17.9 64.0 2.5 12.1

2011
803,314 0.2 4.4 11.1 <.1 20.2 60.6 3.4 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
9,972 3.3 5,438 772

2009
10,149 3.1 4,827 768

2010
10,777 3.0 4,541 665

2011
10,754 2.8 5,012 595

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 73 5,291 7,275 78 31,591 40,717

2009
77 5,092 6,591 80 31,708 39,871

2010
79 4,821 6,070 81 29,488 36,624

2011
77 4,777 6,188 80 29,659 37,197

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 36,966 9,972 8

2008

Rate

Number
37,456 10,149 4

2009

Rate

Number
38,812 10,777 4

2010

Rate

Number
44,593 10,754 8

2011

Rate

45.4 per 1,000 12.2 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

46.4 per 1,000 12.6 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

47.6 per 1,000 13.2 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

55.5 per 1,000 13.4 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.2 6.4 6.7 6.0 5.3 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.5 5.1 5.7 4.9 3.4 2.4 0.3 0.5 9,972

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.2 7.1 6.8 5.9 5.6 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.1 3.7 2.3 0.2 0.3 10,149

2010
10.9 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.3 5.6 5.7 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.7 3.5 2.0 0.1 0.4 10,777

2011
10.9 7.0 6.9 6.2 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 3.5 2.5 0.1 0.6 10,754 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 0.6 22.6 0.1 28.1 41.2 4.6 2.7 9,972

2009
<.1 0.8 22.0 <.1 30.1 39.4 5.1 2.5 10,149

2010
0.1 0.7 21.9 <.1 29.1 40.5 5.2 2.4 10,777

2011
0.1 0.7 22.2 <.1 29.3 39.9 4.9 2.7 10,754

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
CONNECTICUT | CONTEXT DATA | 73

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 29.5 3.8 78.7 6.1 4.2 0.0 0.0 9,972

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
26.4 3.4 82.0 5.6 4.1 0.0 0.0 10,777

2009
22.8 3.6 82.5 6.2 4.3 0.0 0.0 10,149

2011
30.9 3.4 79.4 5.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 10,754 Mean Median

2008
48.2 >24 but<48

2009
45.3 >24 but<48

2010
47.5 >24 but<48

2011
50.9 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 5,710 17.9 5,328 17.7 4,708 17.7 4,828 18.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,669 N/A 2,467 N/A 2,471 N/A 2,287 N/A

2008
2,941 19.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2,968 17.3 2,638 17.4 2,103 15.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,438 17.9 4,827 17.9 4,541 16.3 5,012 19.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.8 6.2 5.5 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.9 6.2 7.8 10.7 12.2 9.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.2 5.1 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.9 8.1 9.8 12.3 11.1 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.3 6.4 5.4 4.4 4.1 3.1 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.9 5.0 6.6 10.9 12.4 12.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.4 5.4 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.4 3.7 4.5 6.0 7.7 12.0 10.6 4.5 2.7 1.0 0.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.7 5.9 6.2 4.1 4.5 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.8 2.8 3.1 3.9 5.2 7.0 9.8 6.3 4.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 18.8 6.4 5.8 4.7 4.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.8 3.4 4.3 7.8 9.8 7.0 4.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 7.3 6.4 5.4 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.5 6.4 8.3 7.9 3.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 7.1 6.2 5.2 5.1 3.9 3.3 2.8 3.6 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.1 4.8 6.4 7.2 7.9 4.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
5.1 7.3 7.5 5.8 5.7 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.9 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.4 5.2 7.7 11.9 10.6 0.2 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.7 7.1 6.5 6.1 4.9 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 4.0 4.4 6.3 6.5 16.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.8 7.7 7.5 6.0 5.8 3.8 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.3 4.5 5.0 17.1 9.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 6.8 8.9 8.4 7.6 4.3 4.8 4.6 3.8 3.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.7 4.8 7.6 11.0 3.4 0.9 0.7 0.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.7 6.1 5.1 4.2 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.0 5.0 7.9 9.7 12.3 11.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.4 6.5 5.3 4.4 4.1 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.9 6.5 10.8 12.3 12.3 1.6 0.2 <.1 0.0 6.3 7.0 5.8 4.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.9 6.5 8.5 13.3 11.7 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.2 6.1 5.1 4.9 4.1 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.1 4.3 5.4 7.0 8.1 11.4 7.3 3.9 2.2 1.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.3 29.1 <.1 32.2 32.0 5.6 0.7 0.0 <.1 0.4 28.0 <.1 32.4 32.6 5.8 0.6 0.0 <.1 0.4 27.6 <.1 33.3 31.4 6.7 0.5 0.0 <.1 0.4 27.6 <.1 33.6 31.5 6.7 0.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.6 26.3 <.1 31.4 34.6 5.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 26.3 <.1 32.8 32.8 6.0 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 25.5 0.0 32.4 34.0 6.8 0.6 0.0 <.1 0.7 23.7 <.1 35.5 33.0 6.3 0.7 0.0

2008
<.1 0.4 28.2 0.0 31.9 32.8 5.6 0.9 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.4 26.9 <.1 32.7 33.9 5.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 27.3 <.1 31.9 33.3 6.0 0.8 0.0 <.1 0.3 23.5 <.1 36.8 32.0 7.1 0.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.4 28.2 <.1 32.0 32.8 5.6 0.8 0.0 <.1 0.4 27.8 <.1 32.4 31.9 6.5 0.9 0.0 <.1 0.4 26.7 <.1 33.6 31.7 7.2 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.5 27.5 <.1 33.1 32.0 6.4 0.3 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CONNECTICUT | CONTEXT DATA | 74

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,429 804

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,350 731

2010
1,255 620

2011
1,342 577
Total children adopted

2008
772

2009
768

2010
665

2011
595

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 6.1 7.8 8.1 7.1 6.4 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.0 5.2 6.0 5.8 5.1 6.2 6.1 6.0 1.6 0.4

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.6 10.5 10.6 7.5 5.7 5.4 5.6 4.0 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.7 5.9 4.9 5.8 5.5 3.3 1.0

2009
4.4 10.4 8.7 7.3 7.2 6.3 4.4 4.5 5.4 4.3 4.4 6.0 5.3 6.0 5.9 7.2 1.5 0.8

2011
4.2 10.8 9.1 8.9 6.7 5.3 5.9 5.1 3.9 4.7 4.8 4.2 4.4 5.0 3.7 3.7 4.5 5.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
9.5 14.2 14.1 9.6 8.4 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.2 4.1 2.3 4.5 1.8 2.6 2.1 3.0 1.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
8.7 13.5 14.1 9.9 6.8 7.4 7.6 6.9 4.3 4.4 3.3 2.6 3.4 1.6 2.7 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0

2010
11.7 13.4 16.7 9.9 8.4 6.8 2.9 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 2.9 4.2 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2011
11.6 16.3 14.8 10.6 6.1 6.1 5.7 4.5 2.5 3.9 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.3 24.9 0.0 33.2 33.4 7.3 0.8 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 1.0 29.3 0.0 30.7 35.4 3.1 0.3 0.0

2009
<.1 0.7 24.7 0.0 34.3 31.0 8.5 0.7 0.0

2010
<.1 0.6 24.5 0.0 36.0 29.1 9.5 0.2 0.0

2011
<.1 0.4 25.1 0.0 32.3 33.4 8.2 0.4 0.0

2009
0.0 0.7 26.6 0.0 34.9 35.3 2.1 0.5 0.0

2010
0.0 2.0 29.6 0.0 31.4 34.3 2.4 0.3 0.0

2011
0.0 4.4 23.7 0.0 36.5 32.4 3.0 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CONNECTICUT | CONTEXT DATA | 75

Connecticut

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.7 6.3 4,604

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.66 99.34 8,379

2009
93.6 6.4 4,743

2010
92.6 7.4 4,910

2011
93.4 6.6 5,119

2009
1.24 98.76 7,795

2010
0.89 99.11 7,179

2011
0.73 99.27 7,115

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 21.4 11.0 44.5 20.5 2.5 2,941

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
22.7 6.0 53.7 12.0 5.5 2,103 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
22.1 9.3 48.6 19.4 0.6 2,968

2010
21.6 9.6 45.5 21.2 2.1 2,638

2008
16.4 4.6 34.5 40.1 4.5 739

2009
13.7 4.9 38.1 42.5 0.9 657

2010
14.8 4.4 33.4 45.3 2.2 596

2011
17.1
3.7
45.7
29.7
3.7
374

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.5 3.6 44.1 46.1 5.7 879

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 34.6 65.4 0.0 459

2009
1.4 3.9 50.1 43.5 1.1 875

2010
0.8 5.2 45.8 45.2 2.9 783

2011
1.6 3.5 60.9 29.4 4.6 565

2009
35.7 64.3 0.0 456

2010
36.9 63.1 0.0 463

2011
37.7 62.3 0.0 130

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
0.0 15.4 61.5 23.1 0.0 13

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 7.7 76.9 15.4 0.0 13 21.4 0.0 50.0 21.4 7.1 14

Black 2011
57.1 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 7

2008
19.0 12.0 40.2 26.0 2.7 830

2009
17.8 10.9 46.4 24.4 0.5 799

2010
20.0 10.2 44.2 23.8 1.8 719

2011
17.2 7.5 54.9 12.8 7.7 494

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
19.4 10.6 49.9 17.6 2.6 938

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

22.9 6.0 53.6 17.1 0.5 971 21.0 8.2 48.0 20.8 2.0 842

2011
22.4 4.4 57.0 11.8 4.5 774

2008
23.5 11.0 42.3 20.7 2.5 966

White 2009 2010

24.7 10.0 45.1 19.5 0.7 1,006 22.9 10.1 43.5 20.8 2.6 878

2011
23.2 7.1 51.5 13.2 4.9 672

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.9 3.7 63.0 7.4 0.0 27

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

13.3 3.3 66.7 13.3 3.3 30 18.2 0.0 81.8 0.0 0.0 22

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

2008
33.3 9.7 43.6 10.9 2.4 165

Two or More Races 2009 2010

27.9 18.4 44.2 9.5 0.0 147 26.8 13.4 43.3 15.3 1.3 157

2011
39.6 5.4 41.6 6.7 6.7 149

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

CONNECTICUT | OUTCOMES DATA | 76

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 54.4 30.6 9.5 3.2 2.3 0.0 1,310

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
61.4 25.7 8.0 2.7 2.2 0.0 1,441

2010
65.6 23.2 7.5 1.7 2.0 0.0 1,201

2011
62.0 24.9 6.0 2.1 3.2 1.8 1,130 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.8 8.5 11.2 0.6 2,669

2009
80.6 8.7 10.5 0.2 2,467

2010
81.2 7.6 10.9 0.2 2,471

2011
83.6 5.1 10.2 1.1 2,287

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 4.5 31.3 25.8 16.2 22.3 0.0 629

2009
3.3 31.7 30.6 18.7 15.7 0.0 657

2010
3.3 30.8 31.5 18.0 16.3 0.0 571

2011
3.6 32.7 35.0 14.0 14.7 0.0 477

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.9 14.1 0.0 3,044 86.7 13.3 0.0 2,906 87.0 13.0 0.0 2,865 87.3 10.6 2.0 2,613

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
69.6 30.4 0.0 1,978 65.9 34.1 0.0 1,941 65.7 34.3 0.0 1,691 68.8 28.3 2.8 1,685

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

30.3 65.7 4.0 3,337 30.8 66.1 3.0 2,930 31.3 66.4 2.3 2,606 35.9 61.2 3.0 2,771

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.0 0.0 75.0 20 66.7 0.0 33.3 18 94.1 0.0 5.9 17 76.1 6.5 17.4 46

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 9.7 3.6 86.7 0.0 1,375

2009
9.2 4.8 86.0 0.0 1,114

2010
8.6 3.5 87.9 0.0 1,234

2011
1.2 4.2 94.5 <.1 1,406

CONNECTICUT | OUTCOMES DATA | 77

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 91.4 50.0

2009
101.8 58.5

2010
110.1 62.9

2011
106.1 60.3

12.0

10.1

8.5

9.8

29.7 12.9

32.4 14.0

36.3 12.6

30.9 12.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 113.6 35.8 30.2 16.8

2009
115.7 35.0 30.0 18.9

2010
117.4 34.2 28.9 18.9

2011
114.7 36.3 28.8 16.8

10.0

10.3

9.5

8.3

67.2

67.1

73.9

69.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 99.8 20.9 90.1

2009
103.6 23.0 92.3

2010
100.2 21.5 88.9

2011
104.7 18.5 96.7

56.5

57.5

55.7

54.2

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 98.5 85.0 69.6 31.6

2009
97.6 85.9 66.0 31.9

2010
98.0 86.3 65.7 32.2

2011
104.5 88.7 70.9 38.5

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

CONNECTICUT | OUTCOMES DATA | 78

Delaware

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 206,820 0.3 3.2 24.1 <.1 11.5 58.1 2.8 13.6

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
205,616 0.3 3.3 25.3 <.1 13.2 53.2 4.7 18.1

2009
206,993 0.3 3.2 23.9 <.1 12.1 57.6 2.9 16.5

2011
204,668 0.3 3.4 24.9 <.1 13.7 52.9 4.7 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
2,278 3.3 1,029 111

2009
2,071 2.2 820 125

2010
2,204 2.0 755 67

2011
2,552 3.1 1,193 95

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 63 907 1,445 87 5,729 6,597

2009
64 790 1,225 90 5,174 5,723

2010
75 800 1,065 86 5,137 5,955

2011
81 911 1,122 84 5,689 6,810

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 15,026 2,278 2

2008

Rate

Number
13,936 2,071 3

2009

Rate

Number
15,830 2,204 2

2010

Rate

Number
17,388 2,552 1

2011

Rate

72.7 per 1,000 11.0 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

67.3 per 1,000 10.0 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

77.0 per 1,000 10.7 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

85.0 per 1,000 12.5 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 10.5 6.5 7.1 6.0 7.6 6.6 5.7 6.4 6.2 5.4 4.6 5.0 3.7 3.4 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.2 0.0 <.1 2,278

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.6 8.1 6.4 8.0 6.7 6.1 6.7 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.6 4.5 3.8 2.3 <.1 <.1 2,071

2010
11.2 8.3 6.4 6.1 6.9 6.9 7.3 6.4 5.3 4.4 4.9 4.1 3.4 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.1 <.1 0.2 2,204

2011
9.9 7.2 8.0 7.1 5.6 5.6 6.2 6.5 5.1 4.4 5.3 4.0 3.7 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.4 3.4 0.0 0.1 2,552 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.6 47.6 <.1 12.0 37.9 1.7 <.1 2,278

2009
0.2 1.0 44.7 <.1 11.7 40.2 2.0 0.2 2,071

2010
0.0 0.8 44.5 <.1 8.8 44.2 1.7 0.0 2,204

2011
<.1 0.2 44.8 0.0 9.6 43.4 1.8 0.2 2,552

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
DELAWARE | CONTEXT DATA | 79

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 27.8 1.1 42.1 18.0 8.8 0.0 9.1 2,278

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
37.0 0.9 39.9 14.9 7.2 0.0 7.8 2,204

2009
32.0 1.1 41.4 17.5 7.5 0.0 8.7 2,071

2011
41.3 0.4 35.0 16.2 6.9 0.0 9.6 2,552 Mean Median

2008
172.7 >96 but<120

2009
167.2 >120 but<144

2010
187.2 >144 but<168

2011
188.7 >120 but<144

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,123 11.6 929 16.6 796 15.9 967 17.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

691 N/A 446 N/A 414 N/A 644 N/A

2008
785 9.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

555 16.9 455 12.9 418 14.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,029 15.1 820 16.0 755 18.2 1,193 14.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.4 6.1 5.1 5.8 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.6 4.1 3.7 5.5 5.6 8.0 11.0 12.0 2.8 0.2 0.0 <.1 5.0 7.0 4.8 3.8 5.0 4.6 3.2 2.7 4.4 3.9 2.9 4.5 4.6 5.1 7.4 7.4 9.3 11.9 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 6.3 6.4 5.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.6 2.8 3.9 3.5 2.1 4.4 6.5 6.4 9.2 9.0 12.7 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 7.4 5.4 4.7 2.3 3.1 5.1 4.1 4.8 3.4 3.3 4.0 2.3 5.2 7.5 7.1 11.6 11.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.7 4.9 4.8 3.8 4.8 3.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 6.5 11.3 11.9 14.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 7.0 4.9 4.0 3.4 4.0 5.8 2.7 2.5 3.8 2.0 2.5 4.5 6.5 4.5 6.5 8.7 7.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 8.0 5.3 4.1 2.7 4.6 3.9 4.6 2.7 2.7 3.9 2.2 1.4 4.3 5.1 6.0 7.7 12.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 5.7 7.5 4.3 3.0 3.9 5.6 4.3 3.0 2.6 4.3 2.3 3.0 3.4 5.7 8.4 6.2 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
3.3 7.9 6.1 7.3 4.5 3.3 3.9 2.2 2.9 2.7 1.7 2.5 2.4 1.5 3.9 7.1 9.2 14.4 12.2 0.8 0.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.3 9.2 7.4 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.7 1.4 4.1 3.2 3.1 4.5 3.1 4.0 2.3 4.5 3.6 5.2 18.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 5.7 9.7 7.3 5.9 4.4 4.6 3.7 5.3 3.3 2.9 3.7 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.6 4.0 2.9 13.0 13.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 5.7 8.9 6.5 6.5 4.1 3.3 4.1 4.5 3.8 2.4 4.3 3.3 1.9 2.9 4.8 1.9 3.3 17.0 9.3 1.4 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.5 6.4 4.6 3.6 4.6 4.1 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.8 2.8 4.0 4.5 4.5 7.0 8.0 10.5 13.3 4.0 0.3 <.1 <.1 6.1 6.2 4.9 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.5 2.8 3.8 3.4 2.1 4.4 6.7 6.3 9.0 9.0 12.7 2.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 5.6 7.2 5.3 4.1 2.3 2.8 4.5 3.8 4.2 2.8 3.4 4.0 2.0 5.2 7.9 6.9 12.1 13.0 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.5 7.0 6.7 5.2 3.6 2.5 3.9 5.2 3.8 4.3 3.8 2.8 3.4 2.7 5.8 8.2 9.2 12.2 3.3 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 57.1 0.0 9.4 31.2 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 54.7 0.0 8.4 32.4 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 54.8 0.0 7.8 31.9 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.5 0.0 8.5 29.3 4.8 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.6 54.4 0.0 10.9 30.7 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 49.1 0.0 11.9 33.9 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 55.1 0.0 7.2 32.9 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 44.6 0.0 9.5 40.7 4.0 0.0 0.0

2008
0.0 0.3 57.5 0.0 11.6 29.4 1.3 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 50.5 0.0 11.9 33.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 48.6 0.0 6.8 38.9 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 51.0 0.0 9.8 33.3 5.7 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.2 55.0 0.0 8.7 32.2 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 54.5 0.0 7.9 32.3 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.7 0.0 8.1 28.2 5.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.5 52.8 0.0 8.5 34.0 4.0 0.0 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DELAWARE | CONTEXT DATA | 80

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 304 175

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
239 143

2010
253 149

2011
367 217 Total children adopted

2008
111

2009
125

2010
67

2011
95

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 5.6 11.5 5.6 6.3 8.2 6.3 4.3 3.0 6.6 6.9 4.3 5.9 5.9 4.3 5.3 3.3 3.0 3.9

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.7 10.3 6.7 6.3 2.4 5.5 5.5 6.7 8.7 4.0 5.1 6.3 3.6 5.5 5.9 3.2 5.5 4.0

2009
2.5 7.5 8.4 5.9 6.3 7.1 6.7 6.3 3.8 6.3 7.1 2.9 6.7 7.1 2.9 5.0 4.2 3.3

2011
3.5 12.0 7.1 6.3 6.0 3.0 5.4 8.4 6.3 7.6 4.4 5.4 5.2 2.2 5.7 4.1 3.0 4.4 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.0 23.4 18.9 12.6 9.9 2.7 6.3 5.4 4.5 5.4 3.6 3.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.8 19.2 10.4 8.8 9.6 8.8 6.4 4.0 7.2 4.8 5.6 4.0 1.6 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
3.0 14.9 17.9 4.5 9.0 10.4 9.0 3.0 7.5 4.5 4.5 3.0 0.0 6.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
3.2 15.8 11.6 10.5 4.2 8.4 5.3 5.3 8.4 4.2 7.4 7.4 4.2 1.1 2.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 61.8 0.0 5.9 26.3 5.9 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 54.1 0.0 9.0 35.1 1.8 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 66.1 0.0 7.1 20.5 6.3 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 65.2 0.0 9.5 20.2 5.1 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 68.1 0.0 7.1 21.5 3.3 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 46.4 0.0 8.0 39.2 6.4 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 49.3 0.0 10.4 31.3 9.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 56.8 0.0 12.6 21.1 9.5 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DELAWARE | CONTEXT DATA | 81

Delaware

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 98.2 1.8 1,084

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.17 99.83 1,814

2009
97.9 2.1 1,006

2010
97.1 2.9 934

2011
97.8 2.2 1,228

2009
0.15 99.85 1,375

2010
0.25 99.75 1,210

2011
<.1 99.94 1,611

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.9 9.6 61.4 14.9 0.3 785

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
22.7 14.1 39.7 23.0 0.5 418 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
22.5 14.4 43.4 19.6 0.0 555

2010
14.7 17.8 45.3 22.0 0.2 455

2008
17.3 7.6 39.5 34.6 1.1 185

2009
21.9 11.8 31.5 34.8 0.0 178

2010
18.1 11.1 28.5 41.7 0.7 144

2011
30.7
6.0
25.9
36.7
0.6
166

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.3 4.9 68.2 26.4 0.3 349

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 23.1 76.9 0.0 104

2009
0.6 11.6 34.7 53.2 0.0 173

2010
0.0 8.5 33.8 57.0 0.7 142

2011
0.0 11.3 30.5 56.7 1.4 141

2009
15.5 84.5 0.0 103

2010
19.1 80.9 0.0 94

2011
16.8 83.2 0.0 95

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 25.0 4

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1

2008
13.3 8.9 61.6 16.2 0.0 451

2009
21.1 13.2 43.2 22.5 0.0 280

2010
14.9 14.9 48.4 21.7 0.0 221

2011
25.4 10.3 40.8 23.0 0.5 213

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
11.0 5.5 76.9 6.6 0.0 91

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

13.6 12.1 60.6 13.6 0.0 66 22.6 12.9 45.2 19.4 0.0 31

2011
29.3 22.0 34.1 14.6 0.0 41

2008
16.0 13.0 54.5 15.6 0.9 231

White 2009 2010

25.1 17.6 39.0 18.2 0.0 187 11.9 19.2 42.9 26.0 0.0 177

2011
15.1 19.4 37.4 27.3 0.7 139

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
20.0 0.0 60.0 20.0 0.0 10

Two or More Races 2009 2010

45.5 9.1 31.8 13.6 0.0 22 30.0 40.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 20

2011
33.3 4.2 54.2 8.3 0.0 24

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DELAWARE | OUTCOMES DATA | 82

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 77.0 19.7 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.2 482

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
63.1 25.3 6.6 2.5 2.5 0.0 241

2010
67.0 20.4 6.8 2.9 2.9 0.0 206

2011
73.5 14.5 8.4 2.4 0.0 1.2 166 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.5 12.7 7.8 0.0 691

2009
88.6 3.8 7.6 0.0 446

2010
85.0 4.8 10.1 0.0 414

2011
90.2 1.9 7.9 0.0 644

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.8 36.7 37.6 15.6 8.3 0.0 109

2009
1.6 33.6 40.8 16.0 8.0 0.0 125

2010
6.0 29.9 35.8 23.9 4.5 0.0 67

2011
3.2 31.6 27.4 23.2 14.7 0.0 95

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 83.8 16.0 0.2 833 82.1 17.7 0.2 537 84.8 15.2 0.0 506 83.3 16.7 0.0 718

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
52.8 47.2 0.0 492 59.8 40.2 0.0 328 63.9 36.1 0.0 274 68.5 31.5 0.0 352

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

29.2 70.8 0.0 479 28.1 71.9 0.0 508 26.3 73.7 0.0 426 30.4 69.6 0.0 536

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

90.0 10.0 0.0 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.9 0.6 97.5 0.0 361

2009
1.4 0.0 98.3 0.3 290

2010
1.1 1.5 97.4 0.0 268

2011
1.6 0.5 97.9 0.0 439

DELAWARE | OUTCOMES DATA | 83

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 122.4 80.2

2009
122.7 68.1

2010
132.9 67.9

2011
136.1 77.7

3.7

8.6

6.2

5.7

48.2 21.5

38.8 10.3

36.4 7.1

22.7 7.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 116.8 38.5 28.2 19.3

2009
118.4 35.2 27.4 23.6

2010
101.2 35.8 26.9 14.4

2011
101.3 34.7 30.0 14.4

14.8

7.8

4.7

17.0

56.9

63.6

58.4

42.3

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 125.9 23.2 91.8

2009
121.0 27.0 91.9

2010
114.0 18.0 93.2

2011
117.2 17.5 92.3

29.4

40.5

38.2

31.3

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 88.4 82.7 53.1 29.4

2009
89.9 81.5 59.3 28.2

2010
93.5 84.0 64.3 26.4

2011
96.0 82.6 68.3 30.6

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

DELAWARE | OUTCOMES DATA | 84

Delaware

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Victoria Kelly Psy. D., LCSW, MHA, Director
Division of Family Services
The Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families

The following are Delawares comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress.
Delaware appreciates the opportunity to review the State data, which will be included in the aforementioned report. As a result of
this review, Delaware found a variety of inaccurate data elements. We are therefore requesting the following formal comments be
included regarding Delawares data.
The following data reflects updated and more accurate outcomes for Delawares child welfare outcomes:
Child Welfare Summary, children in foster care 9/30 should read 846.
Overview Foster Care Information, total number [in foster care 9/30] 2011 should read 846.
2.1 Children not maltreated while in foster care, 2011 should read 99.92 total number for 2011 should read 1,267. 4.2 Children entering care within 12 mos. After a prior episode for 2011 should read 7.3. Composite and Individual Measures Established (Most critical errors being recorded below): Composite 1, composite score 2011 should read 137.6.
C1.3 2011 should read 31.4.
Composite 2, composite score 2011 should read 112.6.
C2.3 2011 should read 19.5.
C2.4 2011 should read 14.6.
C2.5 2011 should read 55.7.
Composite 3, composite score 2011 should read 123.9. C3.1 2011 should read 23.4.

DELAWARE | STATE COMMENT | 85

District of Columbia

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 113,064 0.2 2.5 63.8 <.1 11.7 19.2 2.6 25.9

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
101,095 0.2 1.7 65.4 <.1 12.0 17.6 3.1 30.4

2009
114,036 0.2 2.8 61.5 <.1 12.2 20.5 2.7 29.4

2011
105,334 0.2 2.1 61.9 <.1 12.8 19.5 3.5 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
2,645 6.2 2,225 113

2009
3,407 5.5 2,117 103

2010
2,810 7.3 2,069 129

2011
2,529 5.3 1,800 91

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 77 1,687 2,186 97 13,270 13,679

2009
83 1,609 1,944 98 14,537 14,881

2010
80 1,691 2,105 98 14,642 14,980

2011
84 1,633 1,933 98 14,776 15,076

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 11,529 2,645 8

2008

Rate

Number
16,710 3,407 5

2009

Rate

Number
14,411 2,810 2

2010

Rate

Number
15,435 2,529 3

2011

Rate

102.0 per 1,000 23.4 per 1,000 7.1 per 100,000

146.5 per 1,000 29.9 per 1,000 4.4 per 100,000

142.5 per 1,000 27.8 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

146.5 per 1,000 24.0 per 1,000 2.8 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.4 5.1 4.3 4.0 4.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 4.3 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.7 6.5 5.7 5.3 3.0 0.0 0.7 2,645

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 5.0 6.0 5.5 6.5 5.8 5.2 4.8 5.5 5.5 6.1 6.4 5.8 5.0 3.8 0.0 0.3 3,407

2010
9.6 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.9 6.6 6.4 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.8 4.5 2.7 0.0 0.1 2,810

2011
9.9 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.7 7.0 5.3 5.4 4.5 5.9 4.8 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.3 5.2 3.3 0.0 0.1 2,529 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.0 <.1 58.3 0.0 8.5 0.2 0.4 32.6 2,645

2009
<.1 <.1 59.6 <.1 7.2 0.5 0.0 32.4 3,407

2010
<.1 0.1 61.9 <.1 9.6 0.7 0.0 27.6 2,810

2011
<.1 <.1 59.9 <.1 10.8 0.4 0.0 28.9 2,529

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | CONTEXT DATA | 86

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 2.2 6.2 69.8 12.1 4.3 0.0 27.8 2,645

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.6 5.7 62.3 17.1 2.4 0.0 31.4 2,810

2009
1.1 4.0 65.0 15.1 3.1 0.0 28.9 3,407

2011
1.3 5.1 59.5 18.0 1.9 0.0 36.1 2,529 Mean Median

2008
26.3 >24 but<48

2009
27.3 >24 but<48

2010
17.6 >24 but<48

2011
15.8 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 2,192 32.7 2,198 33.8 2,095 33.7 2,042 29.8

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

703 N/A 622 N/A 743 N/A 561 N/A

2008
670 30.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

703 26.6 769 26.7 803 28.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,225 33.8 2,117 33.5 2,069 29.6 1,800 31.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 2.3 3.1 3.7 3.5 2.4 3.4 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.6 3.1 4.0 4.5 4.7 6.5 6.2 9.8 9.0 9.4 7.0 6.3 <.1 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.4 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.8 4.7 7.7 7.5 9.6 8.1 8.3 6.4 <.1 2.2 4.3 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.7 4.0 4.0 5.1 5.5 8.0 8.7 9.4 7.9 7.5 0.0 2.9 3.6 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.3 4.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.4 5.6 6.3 8.0 8.1 8.7 7.5 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

15.1 6.8 6.3 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.3 5.3 4.1 2.8 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.7 7.3 3.7 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 14.3 7.7 8.7 5.8 7.2 5.0 3.7 5.1 3.7 4.0 2.4 3.7 4.8 4.2 5.6 4.2 4.7 4.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 13.3 6.5 6.1 5.5 6.1 6.9 4.8 4.7 5.0 6.5 3.8 5.0 3.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 12.5 6.8 5.5 7.7 5.9 4.1 5.7 4.8 5.2 4.1 4.8 4.5 5.3 3.6 5.0 5.0 3.9 4.6 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2

2008
3.0 3.9 8.2 5.2 5.7 3.6 4.8 4.0 3.3 4.0 1.9 3.4 4.3 3.0 3.7 2.8 4.2 4.0 3.7 2.2 9.9 11.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.7 4.1 6.1 4.7 5.0 4.6 3.6 5.3 3.8 4.1 3.3 2.7 5.3 2.7 3.0 4.6 2.4 2.8 3.6 3.4 14.2 7.1 3.6 2.3 7.2 5.6 5.6 5.5 4.4 3.8 3.5 5.5 2.5 4.2 2.9 4.3 3.6 2.5 3.5 3.4 2.9 1.4 20.7 1.3 2.1 3.0 5.5 6.5 7.1 5.5 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.5 3.2 3.5 2.6 18.3 1.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.0 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.4 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.8 4.7 7.7 7.5 9.5 8.3 8.3 6.5 0.2 2.2 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.8 4.0 3.9 5.1 5.5 7.9 8.3 9.4 7.8 7.6 <.1 2.9 3.7 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.5 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.3 5.4 6.5 8.0 8.1 8.7 7.4 0.0 1.9 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.4 3.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 4.2 4.3 4.7 6.7 7.5 8.2 7.8 9.3 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 <.1 89.9 0.0 4.7 0.5 4.2 <.1 0.5 0.0 <.1 88.3 <.1 6.0 0.6 3.1 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 88.7 0.0 7.0 0.6 2.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 <.1 86.7 <.1 8.2 0.4 2.9 0.0 1.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 65.0 0.3 8.7 1.0 1.8 0.6 22.6 0.0 0.2 77.5 0.2 8.5 0.5 1.6 0.6 10.9 0.1 0.0 75.0 0.1 10.8 0.4 2.2 0.3 11.2 0.0 0.2 67.4 0.2 12.8 0.4 5.9 0.4 12.8

2008
0.0 0.0 83.7 0.0 5.4 0.9 4.6 0.3 5.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 83.4 0.4 5.5 0.7 2.6 0.6 6.8 0.1 0.1 82.3 0.0 7.7 0.8 3.0 0.3 5.7 0.0 0.1 83.2 0.0 8.6 0.5 3.0 0.2 4.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 <.1 83.9 <.1 5.7 0.6 3.4 0.2 6.1 0.0 0.1 86.7 0.0 6.9 0.6 2.8 0.0 2.8 0.0 <.1 86.1 <.1 8.1 0.4 2.6 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.1 82.3 0.1 9.5 0.4 3.8 0.0 3.8

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | CONTEXT DATA | 87

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 498 26

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
486 26

2010
420 23

2011
357 32 Total children adopted

2008
113

2009
103

2010
129

2011
91

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.0 6.4 5.0 5.4 4.8 3.6 4.8 4.4 5.2 6.8 4.4 7.6 7.6 9.2 8.4 9.4 3.4 2.2

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.0 4.8 8.1 6.4 6.0 4.3 5.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 8.6 7.1 8.8 7.4 6.9

2009
1.0 6.8 7.0 5.1 4.9 5.3 3.9 3.5 3.9 4.7 6.4 4.9 8.8 6.4 8.6 7.6 8.8 2.1

2011
0.6 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.4 3.9 6.2 4.2 3.9 2.8 3.9 5.0 5.3 7.6 8.1 8.1 7.3 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.9 1.8 20.4 11.5 9.7 6.2 8.0 6.2 1.8 6.2 3.5 6.2 4.4 1.8 4.4 2.7 1.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 4.9 14.6 9.7 6.8 6.8 5.8 8.7 6.8 10.7 6.8 1.9 2.9 6.8 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

2010
0.0 1.6 20.2 10.1 7.0 8.5 6.2 5.4 3.1 5.4 4.7 3.1 6.2 7.0 3.1 2.3 3.9 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 1.1 13.2 11.0 9.9 9.9 5.5 8.8 1.1 5.5 4.4 6.6 2.2 6.6 2.2 3.3 3.3 2.2 3.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 89.4 0.0 4.6 1.2 4.2 0.2 0.4

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 91.2 0.0 4.4 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 88.3 0.0 5.3 1.2 3.9 0.0 1.2

2010
0.0 0.0 88.3 0.0 7.1 1.0 3.3 0.0 0.2

2011
0.0 0.0 89.6 0.0 5.3 0.6 2.8 0.0 1.7

2009
0.0 0.0 91.3 0.0 5.8 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.0

2010
0.0 0.0 94.6 0.0 3.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 90.1 0.0 8.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | CONTEXT DATA | 88

District of Columbia

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.9 4.1 1,537

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.14 99.86 2,895

2009
96.4 3.6 1,479

2010
94.1 5.9 1,325

2011
93.8 6.2 1,390

2009
0.28 99.72 2,820

2010
0.28 99.72 2,838

2011
0.19 99.81 2,603

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.4 14.9 42.2 26.4 0.0 670

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
13.3 15.7 49.7 21.3 0.0 803 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.2 12.2 46.5 26.0 0.0 703

2010
16.9 9.4 47.6 26.0 0.1 769

2008
22.0 12.2 19.5 46.3 0.0 41

2009
11.4 11.4 25.7 51.4 0.0 35

2010
7.4 11.1 11.1 70.4 0.0 27

2011
8.7
8.7
34.8
47.8
0.0
23

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.2 5.8 38.2 54.9 0.0 173

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 47.0 53.0 0.0 164

2009
0.6 4.4 41.7 53.3 0.0 180

2010
1.4 1.4 39.9 57.2 0.0 208

2011
1.0 6.7 36.9 55.4 0.0 195

2009
46.7 53.3 0.0 167

2010
38.6 61.4 0.0 189

2011
36.2 63.8 0.0 163

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1

Black 2011
0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
17.5 15.9 37.8 28.9 0.0 561

2009
16.2 13.0 42.5 28.3 0.0 586

2010
18.5 10.4 43.4 27.5 0.2 633

2011
13.6 17.1 46.1 23.2 0.0 668

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
11.1 2.8 77.8 8.3 0.0 36

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

15.4 5.1 56.4 23.1 0.0 39 8.5 6.8 61.0 23.7 0.0 59

2011
11.6 5.8 69.6 13.0 0.0 69

2008
33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 6

White 2009 2010

60.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 5 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 6

2011
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
19.4 25.8 25.8 29.0 0.0 31

Two or More Races 2009 2010

11.1 22.2 38.9 27.8 0.0 18 26.1 0.0 47.8 26.1 0.0 23

2011
20.8 20.8 37.5 20.8 0.0 24

2008
0.0 2.9 88.2 8.8 0.0 34

Missing Data 2009 2010

2.1 4.2 87.5 6.3 0.0 48 0.0 4.5 84.1 11.4 0.0 44

2011
5.7 2.9 88.6 2.9 0.0 35

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 89

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 66.4 15.9 6.7 4.6 6.0 0.4 283

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
68.8 18.3 6.4 2.4 3.7 0.3 327

2010
73.8 13.7 5.7 1.9 4.6 0.3 366

2011
62.4 18.5 10.0 1.8 7.3 0.0 399 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.1 10.7 10.0 0.3 703

2009
79.3 9.5 10.8 0.5 622

2010
84.1 7.1 8.7 0.0 743

2011
80.9 8.6 10.2 0.4 561

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.0 8.2 37.3 16.4 37.3 0.9 110

2009
0.9 4.7 23.4 20.6 50.5 0.0 107

2010
0.8 6.2 29.2 30.0 33.8 0.0 130

2011
0.0 8.4 21.5 21.5 48.6 0.0 107

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 77.5 21.8 0.7 738 78.0 20.7 1.3 699 80.1 19.4 0.5 794 81.6 17.9 0.5 653

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
50.2 49.5 0.2 408 55.2 44.8 0.0 509 53.9 45.9 0.2 436 58.1 41.9 0.0 451

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

22.4 77.0 0.6 1,744 21.5 78.0 0.5 1,611 22.5 77.2 0.3 1,603 22.1 77.7 0.3 1,499

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

40.0 20.0 40.0 5 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 80.0 0.0 20.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 8.8 1.4 89.2 0.6 510

2009
11.9 0.6 85.8 1.7 471

2010
10.5 1.0 86.4 2.1 572

2011
9.5 0.7 89.3 0.5 421

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 90

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 97.3 61.0

2009
92.7 63.5

2010
114.7 66.3

2011
104.4 54.5

9.1

7.1

7.8

10.5

27.6 16.9

28.1 22.3

29.7 12.1

42.8 11.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 86.6 8.3 37.9 9.7

2009
71.0 5.8 46.9 10.1

2010
91.4 6.9 40.4 13.5

2011
80.3 8.5 47.3 13.0

2.6

3.5

5.1

4.3

84.0

76.7

85.5

83.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 101.4 18.6 100.0

2009
95.2 15.8 100.0

2010
108.6 20.2 100.0

2011
96.5 25.5 99.0

60.6

64.7

54.1

75.0

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 82.3 76.0 52.1 27.1

2009
83.8 76.4 55.7 26.1

2010
84.9 77.6 54.4 28.3

2011
87.6 78.9 58.1 28.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 91

Florida

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
51,271 3.9 22,149 3,870

2009
49,078 3.4 19,446 3,735

2010
53,969 3.6 18,865 3,391

2011
55,770 3.9 19,839 2,927

4,070,878 4,057,773 3,996,070 3,994,431 0.3 2.4 20.1 <.1 25.7 49.1 2.4 18.3 0.3 2.4 19.9 <.1 26.4 48.4 2.5 21.3 0.3 2.5 20.6 <.1 27.7 45.8 3.0 23.5 0.3 2.5 20.4 <.1 28.1 45.5 3.2 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 90 31,991 35,663 97 221,053 226,864

2009
92 27,919 30,492 97 187,015 192,586

2010
90 25,376 28,060 98 170,677 175,012

2011
92 26,364 28,643 98 173,088 176,978

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 374,276 51,271 185

2008

Rate

Number
339,289 49,078 156

2009

Rate

Number
332,469 53,969 180

2010

Rate

Number
366,863 55,770 133

2011

Rate

91.9 per 1,000 12.6 per 1,000 4.5 per 100,000

83.6 per 1,000 12.1 per 1,000 3.8 per 100,000

83.2 per 1,000 13.5 per 1,000 4.5 per 100,000

91.8 per 1,000 14.0 per 1,000 3.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 14.1 8.7 7.9 7.1 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.2 <.1 0.3 51,271

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.3 9.2 8.6 7.4 6.6 6.3 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.2 2.4 <.1 0.2 49,078

2010
13.5 8.9 8.7 7.8 6.7 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.0 2.3 0.0 0.2 53,969

2011
12.9 8.8 8.4 8.0 7.1 6.5 5.9 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.2 <.1 0.2 55,770 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.3 0.4 29.7 <.1 13.9 51.5 2.3 1.9 51,271

2009
0.3 0.4 29.2 <.1 15.1 50.4 3.0 1.7 49,078

2010
0.2 0.4 29.3 <.1 16.8 48.5 3.2 1.7 53,969

2011
0.2 0.3 29.2 <.1 17.5 47.3 3.5 1.8 55,770

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
FLORIDA | CONTEXT DATA | 92

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.3 1.9 49.4 9.7 4.6 0.0 51.9 51,271

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.3 2.0 51.1 9.8 4.3 0.0 48.6 53,969

2009
1.3 2.1 49.3 9.8 4.4 0.0 52.5 49,078

2011
1.3 2.0 51.7 9.5 4.3 0.0 47.5 55,770 Mean Median

2008
12.3 <24

2009
10.7 <24

2010
10.7 <24

2011
11.4 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 25,232 11.9 21,689 12.2 19,024 11.0 18,182 9.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

15,764 N/A 13,821 N/A 14,207 N/A 15,703 N/A

2008
18,848 12.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

16,064 12.4 14,366 12.0 14,046 11.3

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

22,149 12.0 19,446 11.3 18,865 9.5 19,839 8.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 8.0 9.6 8.2 7.0 6.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.9 5.4 6.0 5.8 <.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 7.5 9.8 8.3 6.9 6.1 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.4 5.6 6.4 7.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 8.2 9.5 8.6 7.0 6.2 5.6 4.8 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.9 4.2 5.2 6.4 7.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 8.4 9.7 8.9 7.7 6.7 5.3 5.1 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.9 7.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.0 8.5 7.4 6.9 6.0 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.2 2.9 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 19.0 9.2 8.2 6.9 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 18.8 8.9 8.4 7.7 6.1 5.6 5.1 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 2.8 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 17.1 9.2 7.9 7.4 6.8 5.6 5.3 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.9 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
5.2 9.4 9.5 8.1 7.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 5.9 4.3 <.1 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.7 10.0 9.7 7.9 7.0 6.0 5.5 5.4 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 8.7 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.3 9.7 9.6 8.2 7.2 6.3 5.6 4.9 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 8.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.0 9.6 9.4 8.1 7.7 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.0 11.8 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.6 9.8 8.4 7.0 6.1 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.5 5.6 6.4 6.9 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 8.0 9.7 8.8 7.2 6.2 5.5 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.4 7.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 8.5 9.7 9.0 7.7 6.6 5.3 5.1 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.9 6.8 0.2 <.1 0.0 <.1 8.3 9.9 9.0 8.0 7.1 6.1 5.1 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.2 6.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.2 38.9 <.1 11.6 46.0 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 37.9 <.1 12.2 45.9 3.3 0.2 <.1 0.3 0.2 36.3 <.1 13.5 45.4 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 34.4 <.1 14.0 46.5 4.5 0.2 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.4 0.2 34.1 <.1 13.2 48.2 3.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 32.5 <.1 13.1 49.3 3.9 0.5 <.1 0.3 0.2 31.3 <.1 13.8 49.3 4.7 0.4 <.1 0.3 0.3 30.7 <.1 14.5 48.8 4.9 0.4 0.0

2008
0.2 0.2 36.4 <.1 12.1 47.8 2.8 0.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.1 35.4 <.1 12.4 48.1 3.4 0.3 <.1 0.4 0.2 33.9 <.1 13.4 47.6 4.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 32.2 <.1 14.3 47.7 4.8 0.3 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.1 37.6 <.1 12.3 46.1 3.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 36.2 <.1 12.7 46.5 3.6 0.3 <.1 0.2 0.2 34.3 <.1 13.8 46.7 4.4 0.3 <.1 0.2 0.2 33.0 <.1 14.2 47.4 4.7 0.4 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

FLORIDA | CONTEXT DATA | 93

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 7,927 4,764

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
6,655 3,544

2010
4,999 2,752

2011
4,945 2,923 Total children adopted

2008
3,870

2009
3,735

2010
3,391

2011
2,927

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.8 9.9 9.2 7.5 6.6 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.2

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.3 8.7 8.6 7.3 6.2 5.6 5.1 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.5 5.8 6.2 7.1

2009
3.6 8.8 8.9 7.8 6.9 6.1 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.8 5.3

2011
3.1 9.6 9.0 7.8 6.9 6.3 4.7 4.5 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.8 6.3 6.2 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.7 12.0 16.0 11.2 9.7 7.3 6.5 5.6 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 1.9 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
2.7 12.5 15.4 11.7 8.3 7.4 6.7 5.8 4.9 4.0 3.9 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.0

2010
2.9 12.1 13.8 10.9 9.0 8.0 6.8 5.6 5.0 4.1 4.8 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.0

2011
2.3 13.3 13.7 10.6 9.6 6.8 6.6 5.6 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.1 39.4 <.1 11.8 44.9 3.3 0.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.2 32.4 0.0 10.8 52.5 3.6 0.4 <.1

2009
0.2 <.1 39.6 <.1 11.8 44.5 3.6 0.3 0.0

2010
0.1 0.2 38.9 <.1 12.5 43.4 4.7 0.1 0.0

2011
<.1 <.1 37.6 0.0 13.5 44.2 4.4 0.1 0.0

2009
<.1 0.1 31.1 0.1 11.0 53.2 4.2 0.3 0.0

2010
0.1 0.1 32.7 <.1 13.6 48.6 4.5 0.3 0.0

2011
0.2 0.2 29.2 <.1 13.0 51.6 5.5 0.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

FLORIDA | CONTEXT DATA | 94

Florida

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.5 6.5 24,015

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 1.34 98.66 40,996

2009
93.0 7.0 22,992

2010
92.8 7.2 25,320

2011
92.8 7.2 25,912

2009
0.33 99.67 35,510

2010
0.82 99.18 33,231

2011
0.66 99.34 33,885

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.5 25.2 46.4 7.9 0.1 18,848

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
20.8 23.5 46.1 9.4 0.2 14,046 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
21.7 24.0 45.0 9.3 <.1 16,064

2010
23.2 24.1 43.1 9.6 0.0 14,366

2008
36.8 14.4 26.8 21.8 0.2 1,437

2009
42.6 10.9 22.2 24.1 0.1 1,371

2010
58.8 8.7 13.4 19.1 0.0 1,422

2011

62.9
5.7
13.5
17.9
0.0
1,328

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.1 25.0 38.2 32.2 0.5 3,266

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 28.3 71.5 0.1 1,434

2009
3.9 21.2 35.8 39.1 0.0 2,821

2010
4.3 21.0 33.8 40.9 0.0 2,524

2011
5.0 20.7 35.8 38.4 0.2 2,498

2009
25.4 74.5 <.1 1,472

2010
23.8 76.2 0.0 1,347

2011
25.0 75.0 0.0 1,267

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.4 44.7 48.9 0.0 0.0 47

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

4.1 18.4 69.4 8.2 0.0 49 7.7 34.6 51.9 5.8 0.0 52 10.4 22.9 64.6 2.1 0.0 48

2008
14.9 4.3 72.3 8.5 0.0 47

Asian 2009 2010

21.1 31.6 42.1 5.3 0.0 19 12.1 18.2 60.6 9.1 0.0 33

Black 2011
14.6 6.3 56.3 22.9 0.0 48

2008
18.1 27.5 44.3 10.0 0.1 6,858

2009
19.1 25.2 43.2 12.4 <.1 5,682

2010
22.4 23.2 41.7 12.8 0.0 4,876

2011
18.9 22.3 45.8 12.8 0.2 4,525

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 6 44.4 0.0 33.3 22.2 0.0 9 75.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 4 22.2 11.1 55.6 11.1 0.0 9

2008
18.6 18.9 55.4 7.0 <.1 2,276

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

19.7 19.7 52.1 8.5 0.0 1,986 23.4 18.2 49.5 8.9 0.0 1,929

2011
18.9 18.9 53.5 8.6 0.1 2,005

2008
22.5 25.4 45.3 6.7 0.2 9,018

White 2009 2010

23.8 24.2 44.2 7.8 <.1 7,721 23.8 26.6 41.6 8.1 0.0 6,833

2011
22.5 26.0 43.5 7.9 0.1 6,702

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 11.7 56.7 6.7 0.0 60

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

24.5 20.8 49.1 5.7 0.0 53 23.1 12.8 53.8 10.3 0.0 39

2011
15.4 20.5 64.1 0.0 0.0 39

2008
26.3 19.6 49.3 4.9 0.0 536

Two or More Races 2009 2010

25.9 24.6 46.5 2.8 0.2 544 24.8 21.8 48.8 4.5 0.0 600

2011
24.2 21.0 49.6 4.8 0.4 670

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

FLORIDA | OUTCOMES DATA | 95

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 71.1 21.3 5.0 1.2 0.9 0.5 8,738

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
71.3 20.8 5.1 1.8 1.0 0.2 7,227

2010
73.8 20.7 3.7 1.0 0.8 0.0 6,191

2011
75.6 19.8 3.3 0.8 0.6 <.1 6,479 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within
12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
72.7 11.3 13.8 2.1 15,764

2009
75.2 9.3 14.7 0.8 13,821

2010
76.5 8.3 14.5 0.7 14,207

2011
77.7
7.3 14.6 0.4 15,703

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 10.5 32.3 30.3 14.0 12.4 0.5 3,859

2009
9.3 31.5 30.7 15.6 12.8 0.1 3,481

2010
11.2 32.5 27.7 14.3 14.4 0.0 3,333

2011
12.3 39.9 24.1 11.7 12.0 <.1 2,925

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 82.7 16.2 1.1 84.9 14.7 0.4 85.1 14.5 0.4 85.9 13.7 0.4

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
60.4 39.5 <.1 60.8 39.0 0.1 8,495 63.6 36.4 <.1 7,768 64.9 35.1 <.1 8,087

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

31.9 68.1 <.1 10,303 30.5 69.3 0.2 9,086 28.2 71.6 0.1 7,347 26.6 73.3 0.1 6,062

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

96.3 0.0 3.7 81 96.8 0.0 3.2 31 98.3 0.0 1.7 60 100.0 0.0 0.0 55

20,437 17,898 18,056 19,681 10,175

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.4 3.5 94.1 0.0 12,749

2009
2.7 1.6 95.7 <.1 11,292

2010
3.7 1.2 95.1 0.0 11,748

2011
4.0 1.7 94.3 0.0 12,961

FLORIDA | OUTCOMES DATA | 96

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 113.4 69.7

2009
111.5 69.5

2010
115.3 72.3

2011
114.3 73.9

8.1

8.0

7.9

7.9

38.3 13.2

37.9 15.1

36.8 14.1

35.7 15.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 139.1 43.0 26.4 29.1

2009
139.2 40.8 26.9 30.9

2010
141.4 43.6 26.0 33.1

2011
153.9 52.2 23.6 31.7

19.1

15.8

11.8

14.7

61.4

65.8

66.7

71.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 128.5 35.0 92.5

2009
126.7 36.7 90.7

2010
129.0 36.3 91.9

2011
127.0 33.6 91.0

43.7

44.4

43.8

41.6

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 92.1 83.0 60.5 31.9

2009
93.3 84.7 60.9 30.6

2010
94.0 85.0 63.6 28.2

2011
94.3 85.7 64.9 26.6

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

FLORIDA | OUTCOMES DATA | 97

Florida

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Patricia Armstrong, Director
Office of Child Welfare
Department of Children and Families

The following are Floridas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. In October 2006 Florida implemented a statewide Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project, allowing federal Title IV-E foster care funds to be used more broadly than would have otherwise been possible to promote child safety, prevent entry into the child welfare system and placement into foster care, and to expedite permanency. As a result, Florida has significantly reduced the number of children in foster care. However, though still down more than 33% from 2006 when the waiver was implemented, the number of children in foster care has increased recently. Section A: The number and rate of children with verified maltreatment in Florida has increased, likely due to a number of factors including increased reporting in the wake of high profile child deaths, increases in substance misuse particularly prescription drugs, and a lagged impact of the recession. Section B: Overview Maltreatment Information Table: Florida investigates all allegations of child fatalities due to abuse or neglect, including drowning, unsafe sleep, and situations where there are no surviving siblings in the home. Some other States do not investigate these types of fatalities. In Florida between 2008 and 2010, approximately half of child fatalities in 2011 were primarily due to fewer drowning and unsafe sleep deaths, which may be partially attributable to expanded public education campaigns in Florida. Maltreatment Types of Child Victims Table: Florida implemented a new policy in September 2009 which reduced the use of the allegation of Threatened Harm. Since Threatened Harm maps to the NCANDS Maltreatment Type of Other, this change may explain the majority of the reduction in the percentage of maltreatments categorized as Other between 2009 and 2010. Section C: As noted above, Section C shows some of Floridas success in reducing the number of children in foster care since 2006. This reduction also explains why the number of children who exited foster care has declined. Section D: The trend showing reductions in the number of children adopted or awaiting adoption is largely explained by the reduction in the number of children in foster care and reduction in the time it takes to finalize an adoption. Composite Measures: Florida continues to show strong performance on nearly all adoption measures. C1.3: Declining scores on measure C1.3 are likely due to Floridas improvements in family preservation practices and programs. Floridas emphasis on family preservation has reduced the number of children removed from the home, thereby potentially reducing the proportion of children removed from the home for whom reunification is the appropriate permanency goal or for whom permanency can be achieved quickly. C2.4: During FY 2009 and 2010 data on termination of parental rights were incomplete, in part due to implementation of changes to Floridas SACWIS. Changes in this measure from 2009 through 2011 may be primarily explained by changes in the completeness of this data.

FLORIDA | STATE COMMENT | 98

Georgia

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
26,330 2.6 9,964 1,340

2009
23,921 2.2 8,221 1,397

2010
20,567 2.2 7,023 1,196

2011
19,199 2.6 7,633 1,048

2,565,577 2,583,792 2,490,955 2,489,858 0.2 2.8 32.3 <.1 12.0 50.4 2.2 20.1 0.2 2.9 32.1 <.1 12.6 49.9 2.3 22.3 0.2 3.2 33.8 <.1 12.7 47.2 2.9 24.8 0.2 3.2 33.4 <.1 13.3 46.8 3.0 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 58 218 377 87 1,554 1,791

2009
86 11,656 13,498 86 74,489 86,503

2010
96 10,812 11,207 91 73,879 80,895

2011
97 10,814 11,164 90 71,029 78,715

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 77,466 26,330 68

2008

Rate

Number
67,686 23,921 60

2009

Rate

Number
64,019 20,567 77

2010

Rate

Number
55,485 19,199 65

2011

Rate

30.2 per 1,000 10.3 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

26.2 per 1,000 9.3 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

25.7 per 1,000 8.3 per 1,000 3.1 per 100,000

22.3 per 1,000 7.7 per 1,000 2.6 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.3 7.4 6.7 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.5 3.9 1.7 0.0 0.1 26,330

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
14.1 7.4 7.0 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.1 1.9 0.0 <.1 23,921

2010
14.0 7.2 7.0 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.1 1.9 0.0 <.1 20,567

2011
13.4 7.3 7.2 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.5 1.6 0.0 <.1 19,199 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.3 41.4 <.1 6.6 49.2 2.1 0.4 26,330

2009
<.1 0.3 41.1 <.1 6.8 47.9 3.5 0.4 23,921

2010
<.1 0.3 42.1 <.1 7.0 46.9 3.3 0.3 20,567

2011
<.1 0.4 40.4 <.1 6.7 48.4 3.7 0.4 19,199

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
GEORGIA | CONTEXT DATA | 99

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 18.6 4.8 71.4 11.7 4.4 0.0 0.2 26,330

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
24.1 5.2 62.2 13.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 20,567

2009
20.2 4.5 67.2 12.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 23,921

2011
23.6 5.3 64.3 12.4 4.9 0.0 0.0 19,199 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010
24.2 <24

2011
26.2 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 12,127 14.0 9,967 15.6 7,865 13.8 6,793 12.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,671 N/A 5,737 N/A 5,466 N/A 6,406 N/A

2008
8,834 12.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

7,483 13.6 6,308 11.9 5,566 11.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

9,964 15.7 8,221 13.7 7,023 12.4 7,633 9.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.7 8.4 6.8 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.5 6.3 6.8 7.6 7.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 8.0 7.4 5.7 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.3 5.5 6.8 8.2 8.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 8.6 7.3 6.2 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.4 5.2 6.8 8.6 8.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 6.8 8.3 7.4 6.7 5.6 4.4 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.7 5.9 7.9 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.5 7.4 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.7 5.4 6.1 6.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.1 8.1 6.8 5.3 5.5 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.6 6.9 6.4 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 7.0 6.7 6.0 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.1 4.9 5.7 6.0 7.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 7.6 7.1 6.2 6.4 4.9 5.1 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.4 5.3 5.0 5.6 2.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
5.6 8.3 8.0 6.7 5.5 5.2 5.5 4.8 4.9 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.7 4.3 5.3 4.9 9.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.3 8.5 8.2 6.8 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.7 4.9 5.6 9.7 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 8.4 7.8 6.8 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 4.3 5.0 5.8 11.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 7.9 7.6 7.7 6.1 4.9 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 12.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.9 7.9 7.4 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.2 5.6 6.9 8.2 8.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 8.6 7.4 6.3 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.4 5.2 6.8 8.4 8.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 8.2 7.4 6.7 5.5 4.5 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.9 5.9 8.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 8.4 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 5.1 6.0 6.3 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.1 47.4 <.1 6.1 42.1 4.1 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 48.3 <.1 6.8 39.7 4.8 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 47.6 0.0 7.2 40.2 4.6 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.1 46.4 <.1 7.4 40.7 5.3 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.5 47.9 <.1 7.9 39.1 4.2 0.2 0.0 <.1 0.3 45.6 <.1 8.7 41.0 4.0 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.2 45.6 <.1 8.2 40.9 4.9 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 43.5 0.0 7.1 44.7 4.2 0.2 0.0

2008
0.0 0.3 47.0 <.1 6.7 42.1 3.7 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.3 47.3 <.1 8.0 39.6 4.7 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.3 47.4 <.1 7.9 39.7 4.5 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.3 45.0 <.1 8.4 41.8 4.3 0.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.2 48.2 <.1 6.8 40.1 4.5 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.2 47.4 0.0 7.1 40.7 4.3 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.1 46.3 <.1 7.3 41.3 4.9 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.1 45.0 0.0 6.4 43.3 5.1 <.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

GEORGIA | CONTEXT DATA | 100

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 2,245 1,639

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,823 847

2010
1,724 838

2011
1,585 845 Total children adopted

2008
1,340

2009
1,397

2010
1,196

2011
1,048

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.6 7.3 8.1 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.8 4.9 3.3

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.6 8.3 7.4 7.1 6.1 5.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.6 5.5 5.7 5.0 6.0 6.1 5.7 5.2 3.6

2009
3.3 6.9 7.6 6.6 5.2 4.9 6.3 5.6 6.1 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.3 6.1 5.4 6.0 4.6 3.5

2011
3.5 7.1 7.4 6.9 7.1 5.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.7 4.6 5.3 5.6 6.2 6.7 3.9 4.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.3 9.5 14.2 10.3 8.3 8.2 7.3 5.7 6.3 5.0 4.3 4.6 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.5 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
1.5 10.5 13.5 11.7 8.4 7.9 4.9 5.4 5.5 5.5 4.8 3.9 3.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

2010
1.7 10.8 12.4 8.9 8.3 6.4 7.3 6.3 6.9 4.8 4.1 5.1 3.7 4.1 3.0 2.2 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
2.2 11.4 13.0 12.1 9.4 7.3 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.3 5.2 3.9 3.7 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.2 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.1 43.3 0.0 6.2 44.4 5.8 0.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 1.3 38.0 0.0 6.4 47.5 5.9 0.8 0.0

2009
0.0 0.5 43.9 0.0 8.0 42.2 5.3 0.1 0.0

2010
0.0 0.1 40.9 0.0 8.8 44.8 5.4 <.1 0.0

2011
0.0 <.1 42.5 0.0 8.2 44.1 5.0 0.1 0.0

2009

2010

2011
0.0 <.1 35.0 0.0 9.0 46.8 9.1 <.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

GEORGIA | CONTEXT DATA | 101

Georgia

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.8 2.2 12,907

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2011
96.8 3.2 8,774 Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number

2009
97.8 2.2 11,601

2010
97.2 2.8 10,351

2008

2009

2010

2011

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 14.4 10.9 64.0 10.4 0.3 8,834

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
18.5 6.3 63.1 12.2 0.0 5,566 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
17.4 7.6 63.2 11.5 0.3 7,483

2010
18.4 7.2 63.0 11.5 <.1 6,308

2008
17.1 10.1 51.8 20.7 0.3 2,795

2009
21.6 7.3 49.9 21.2 <.1 2,568

2010
25.7 7.0 47.5 19.8 <.1 2,355

2011
23.4
6.6
51.3
18.6
0.0
2,672

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.2 10.0 56.6 32.0 0.2 1,999

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 28.4 71.6 0.0 764

2009
2.2 8.0 56.4 33.3 0.2 1,718

2010
1.9 7.8 60.1 30.1 0.0 1,548

2011
2.1 6.6 58.0 33.3 0.0 1,369

2009
26.7 73.3 0.0 708

2010
28.5 71.5 0.0 571

2011
25.1 74.9 0.0 533

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

11.1 0.0 66.7 22.2 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 0.0 60.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 5

2008
3.3 0.0 86.7 10.0 0.0 30

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 10.0 70.0 5.0 15.0 20 31.8 0.0 63.6 4.5 0.0 22

Black 2011
6.7 0.0 93.3 0.0 0.0 15

2008
11.7 12.1 63.6 12.1 0.4 4,149

2009
13.4 8.9 64.6 13.0 0.1 3,537

2010
14.7 8.6 64.2 12.5 0.0 2,987

2011
14.3 6.4 65.1 14.1 0.0 2,503

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 20.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

2008
14.1 10.0 69.2 6.6 0.0 588

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

16.5 6.2 68.4 8.7 0.2 595 21.4 7.0 61.9 9.6 0.2 501

2011
20.2 4.3 66.5 9.0 0.0 465

2008
17.1 9.8 63.3 9.5 0.3 3,717

White 2009 2010

21.2 6.7 61.0 10.7 0.3 2,963 21.5 5.5 61.9 11.0 0.0 2,504

2011
20.6 6.6 61.7 11.2 0.0 2,329

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 10.5 5.3 78.9 5.3 0.0 19

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

14.3 0.0 85.7 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 8

2011
14.3 0.0 85.7 0.0 0.0 7

2008
18.4 12.3 63.2 6.1 0.0 326

Two or More Races 2009 2010

27.8 4.9 57.9 8.6 0.9 349 23.0 8.5 60.4 8.1 0.0 283

2011
39.2 4.6 47.9 8.3 0.0 240

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

GEORGIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 102

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 64.1 23.5 7.4 2.7 2.2 0.1 5,652

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
62.2 24.6 8.7 2.7 1.7 <.1 4,730

2010
70.2 21.1 4.8 2.0 1.8 0.2 3,973

2011
74.8 18.4 3.9 1.2 1.5 0.1 3,513 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
86.4 5.2 7.0 1.4 6,671

2009
87.7 4.6 6.4 1.2 5,737

2010
81.8 6.7 10.4 1.1 5,466

2011
85.3 5.9 8.6 0.1 6,406

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.6 21.5 36.2 19.2 20.5 0.0 1,269

2009
3.6 23.0 30.5 20.7 22.2 0.0 1,300

2010
3.2 25.4 27.0 19.7 24.7 0.0 1,158

2011
4.9 29.2 33.3 15.0 17.7 0.0 1,028

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 72.7 25.2 2.2 8,529 74.3 23.7 2.0 7,218 75.2 23.8 1.1 6,681 80.4 18.5 1.1 7,441

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
53.8 46.1 0.1 4,532 52.7 47.1 0.1 3,602 48.1 51.7 0.2 2,976 54.8 45.1 0.1 2,840

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

30.2 69.8 <.1 5,721 27.2 72.7 <.1 4,854 25.7 74.3 0.0 3,636 27.5 72.2 0.3 2,893

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

75.0 6.3 18.8 16 76.7 16.7 6.7 30 81.6 0.0 18.4 38 92.0 0.0 8.0 25

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.7 4.2 94.1 0.0 4,795

2009
1.0 4.5 94.5 0.0 4,210

2010
0.7 4.2 95.0 0.0 3,932

2011
0.7 4.4 95.0 0.0 4,890

GEORGIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 103

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 116.5 60.5

2009
122.8 58.2

2010
127.4 66.4

2011
127.0 70.6

10.3

10.7

9.0

7.4

49.0 7.9

46.3 3.5

44.7 6.1

46.3 8.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 103.2 24.1 32.4 23.2

2009
104.0 26.6 32.1 27.4

2010
119.0 28.6 33.1 30.5

2011
125.9 34.0 29.0 31.1

12.5

8.1

9.6

12.5

49.9

55.3

66.7

60.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 123.3 35.1 91.5

2009
123.6 37.7 92.5

2010
129.2 38.7 92.6

2011
131.0 36.8 94.9

47.3

48.8

47.8

43.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 81.1 72.1 53.9 30.2

2009
81.0 73.8 52.8 27.2

2010
77.8 73.4 48.2 25.7

2011
85.6 79.4 54.9 27.6

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

GEORGIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 104

Georgia

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Ron Scroggy, Director
Division of Family and Children Services
Department of Human Services

The following are Georgias comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Georgia has instituted several initiatives to improve our child welfare data quality, including utilizing a team of Data Integrity Specialists (DIS) to work closely with case managers to ensure accurate and timely information is being entered into the system. In addition, they are also responsible for resolving any discrepancies. We also have Quality Assurance staff reviewing the quality of the data entered during their case review process. Georgia is currently under an AFCARS Improvement Plan (AIP) and is diligently working to make all necessary improvements to our SACWIS as well as practice and procedures related to data entry. Upon successful completion of the AIP Georgia will resubmit its data for this report.

GEORGIA | STATE COMMENT | 105

Hawaii

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 289,851 0.5 27.1 3.9 10.5 14.9 18.7 24.4 10.0

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
304,573 0.2 26.1 1.4 12.4 15.0 13.1 31.9 13.9

2009
290,361 0.5 26.9 4.1 10.3 15.0 18.8 24.5 13.8

2011
304,604 0.2 25.2 1.9 12.0 15.2 13.8 31.6 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,902 4.7 1,630 361

2009
2,072 4.5 1,506 279

2010
1,795 3.2 1,227 216

2011
1,376 3.3 1,123 193

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 37 137 368 71 496 694

2009
62 201 325 69 879 1,268

2010
33 121 364 74 546 736

2011
37 125 337 68 506 748

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 4,576 1,902 2

2008

Rate

Number
5,404 2,072 3

2009

Rate

Number
5,096 1,795 2

2010

Rate

Number
3,480 1,376 2

2011

Rate

15.8 per 1,000 6.6 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

18.6 per 1,000 7.1 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

16.7 per 1,000 5.9 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

11.4 per 1,000 4.5 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 16.3 7.6 6.4 5.4 4.6 5.3 5.5 4.9 5.6 4.6 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.3 4.3 5.0 3.0 0.0 0.2 1,902

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.7 8.0 6.8 5.6 7.0 5.9 5.5 4.5 4.9 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.0 0.0 0.3 2,072

2010
13.3 6.9 6.7 6.7 7.0 5.2 5.4 4.7 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.6 3.6 <.1 0.2 1,795

2011
15.6 7.1 6.5 7.2 6.8 6.9 6.3 4.3 3.0 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.1 5.2 4.0 4.0 2.8 0.0 0.5 1,376 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 10.3 1.5 19.7 3.3 12.1 36.6 16.5 1,902

2009
<.1 11.8 1.8 17.2 3.6 11.9 40.7 12.8 2,072

2010
0.4 9.5 1.1 18.7 3.3 10.9 40.9 15.3 1,795

2011
<.1 9.3 2.1 17.8 1.8 10.8 44.0 14.2 1,376

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
HAWAII | CONTEXT DATA | 106

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.4 1.6 14.8 11.9 6.0 0.0 91.5 1,902

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.5 1.3 11.7 11.3 5.1 0.0 93.5 1,795

2009
0.5 1.6 14.9 9.3 3.7 0.0 91.9 2,072

2011
0.9 1.2 16.6 13.3 6.4 0.0 84.5 1,376 Mean Median

2008
78.2 >24 but<48

2009
92.1 >48 but<72

2010
137.0 >48 but<72

2011
149.8 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,900 19.3 1,572 16.7 1,447 13.1 1,216 15.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,350 N/A 1,303 N/A 983 N/A 997 N/A

2008
1,620 10.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,369 8.6 1,203 8.1 1,090 6.3

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,630 16.7 1,506 13.7 1,227 15.3 1,123 14.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.9 7.2 6.2 5.8 4.8 5.3 5.4 4.4 3.6 3.7 5.0 3.9 5.2 5.6 5.5 6.3 7.4 8.3 0.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.4 7.5 6.4 5.7 4.8 4.1 5.4 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.4 5.2 4.1 5.2 5.9 6.6 8.0 8.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 7.2 7.1 6.9 5.4 5.8 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.0 3.3 4.6 4.0 5.0 6.5 6.8 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 9.4 7.0 5.7 6.5 5.4 5.1 3.8 4.6 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.5 6.2 7.5 7.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.5 7.2 6.1 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.9 3.4 5.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.3 6.3 6.3 7.3 4.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 6.8 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.0 5.5 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.7 6.1 4.8 5.3 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.6 5.8 6.0 6.5 5.2 5.2 4.2 5.4 4.7 3.8 4.1 3.4 4.9 5.7 6.1 5.2 5.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.8 6.0 5.6 7.0 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.0 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.9 3.7 4.6 6.0 5.8 4.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.8 7.0 7.3 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.3 5.0 5.4 6.0 8.1 5.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.3 6.3 7.2 5.3 5.1 4.6 5.5 5.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.5 4.1 4.5 5.8 4.5 5.3 5.3 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.7 4.6 4.1 3.6 3.4 4.2 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.8 9.2 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.9 8.2 5.8 6.2 5.5 5.4 4.1 3.9 4.7 4.8 3.7 3.9 4.8 4.2 5.5 5.5 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.3 7.7 6.4 5.9 4.8 4.2 5.5 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.1 5.2 3.9 5.2 5.8 6.6 7.7 8.3 0.4 <.1 <.1 0.0 6.9 7.4 7.2 6.7 5.3 5.9 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.6 4.8 4.0 4.8 6.4 6.9 8.1 0.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.7 9.4 7.1 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.1 3.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.9 4.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 7.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 7.1 8.2 5.3 7.0 5.5 5.0 6.8 4.2 4.6 3.5 3.8 4.3 3.3 5.6 5.6 6.0 6.9 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 9.1 0.8 20.0 5.1 10.6 51.7 2.1 0.5 <.1 8.8 1.2 20.9 6.1 11.1 50.7 1.0 0.1 <.1 9.1 1.2 19.8 6.2 9.4 53.3 0.9 0.0 0.4 9.8 1.6 19.1 4.9 8.9 54.6 0.8 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 11.8 2.1 21.3 4.7 14.5 41.0 2.6 1.8 <.1 11.6 2.7 17.3 4.4 13.2 49.1 1.5 0.2 0.6 10.9 2.1 19.8 2.3 14.4 46.2 2.2 1.3 0.4 10.9 1.9 18.9 2.7 13.5 47.9 2.5 1.2

2008
0.2 11.4 1.5 19.5 4.8 12.8 45.1 2.8 1.9

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 11.0 2.6 18.2 4.8 14.4 47.0 1.5 0.4 0.2 9.5 1.9 20.6 4.1 14.1 46.6 1.9 1.1 0.5 10.1 2.2 19.5 4.6 13.7 46.9 1.7 0.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 9.1 1.2 21.6 5.1 11.6 49.4 1.7 0.2 <.1 9.2 1.2 20.3 5.8 10.0 52.7 0.9 0.0 0.4 10.1 1.3 19.1 5.2 8.8 54.1 1.0 0.0 0.4 10.5 1.2 18.4 3.2 8.4 56.2 1.4 0.3

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

HAWAII | CONTEXT DATA | 107

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 572 545

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
441 414

2010
350 314

2011
280 242 Total children adopted

2008
361

2009
279

2010
216

2011
193

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.0 7.5 4.7 5.2 5.2 3.7 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.7 5.8 3.8 6.5 6.5 7.5 9.3 11.5

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.6 6.3 6.0 5.4 7.1 4.3 4.0 0.9 4.6 3.7 5.7 4.0 5.7 7.7 5.4 8.9 7.7 12.0

2009
0.5 2.7 5.0 6.3 4.3 5.0 2.9 5.9 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.5 7.5 4.8 6.6 7.9 11.1 12.5

2011
1.4 4.3 9.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.4 3.2 3.9 2.9 5.0 4.6 4.6 7.9 7.1 10.7 8.6 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.4 12.7 15.5 10.8 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.4 4.7 3.0 5.0 4.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
1.4 14.0 15.8 7.9 9.7 8.2 7.2 5.4 6.1 3.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.5 1.4 2.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
1.4 6.9 16.7 13.4 9.7 6.0 6.9 6.0 6.9 6.9 3.2 1.9 2.8 2.8 2.3 3.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0

2011
2.6 10.4 17.6 7.8 9.8 6.7 5.2 3.1 3.1 7.3 6.7 3.1 5.2 5.2 2.6 0.5 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 8.2 0.7 21.9 6.3 11.0 50.5 1.2 0.2

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 6.9 0.3 20.2 6.6 4.4 57.3 3.9 0.0

2009
0.2 7.9 1.4 22.2 9.5 9.1 49.4 0.2 0.0

2010
0.0 8.0 1.4 18.9 9.4 8.0 53.4 0.9 0.0

2011
0.4 8.6 1.4 21.1 7.1 3.9 56.8 0.7 0.0

2009
0.0 8.6 0.0 16.8 6.5 11.8 54.8 1.1 0.4

2010
0.5 6.9 0.5 19.0 9.3 7.9 55.6 0.5 0.0

2011
0.0 11.4 1.0 14.0 9.8 8.3 53.4 2.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

HAWAII | CONTEXT DATA | 108

Hawaii

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.7 3.3 943

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.18 99.82 3,250

2009
96.1 3.9 942

2010
97.6 2.4 1,018

2011
97.6 2.4 674

2009
0.45 99.55 2,875

2010
0.74 99.26 2,430

2011
0.59 99.41 2,213

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 22.3 8.5 57.2 11.2 0.8 1,620

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
19.5 6.8 63.3 9.7 0.6 1,090 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
19.6 8.3 60.1 11.5 0.4 1,369

2010
17.1 7.4 64.3 11.0 0.2 1,203

2008
38.4 13.7 33.2 13.7 1.0 307

2009
44.1 13.0 28.3 14.2 0.4 247

2010
33.5 13.7 32.6 20.3 0.0 227

2011
32.3
9.7
39.8
17.3
0.9
226

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.1 8.9 56.6 29.5 0.9 440

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 23.4 76.6 0.0 154

2009
2.4 9.4 59.8 28.0 0.3 371

2010
1.7 8.5 61.4 28.1 0.3 295

2011
2.2 5.0 66.3 26.2 0.4 279

2009
30.1 69.9 0.0 133

2010
32.8 67.2 0.0 116

2011
24.7 75.3 0.0 93

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 0.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 4

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5

2008
15.2 7.1 66.8 9.8 1.1 184

Asian 2009 2010

15.9 6.0 60.3 17.9 0.0 151 12.3 9.6 64.9 12.3 0.9 114

Black 2011
22.7 6.4 62.7 8.2 0.0 110

2008
4.2 0.0 87.5 8.3 0.0 24

2009
0.0 5.6 88.9 5.6 0.0 36

2010
4.3 8.7 82.6 4.3 0.0 23

2011
12.5 4.2 62.5 20.8 0.0 24

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 23.1 6.3 52.8 16.5 1.3 316 15.7 13.7 57.0 13.3 0.4 249 15.7 6.9 64.5 12.9 0.0 248 11.7 8.5 63.4 15.5 0.9 213

2008
32.1 7.7 55.1 5.1 0.0 78

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

28.8 1.5 57.6 12.1 0.0 66 38.8 12.2 32.7 14.3 2.0 49

2011
38.0 12.0 42.0 6.0 2.0 50

2008
7.7 9.1 70.7 12.0 0.5 208

White 2009 2010

15.2 8.6 66.5 9.6 0.0 197 9.4 10.0 69.4 11.2 0.0 170

2011
10.7 4.7 75.8 8.1 0.7 149

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 28.3 6.5 60.9 4.3 0.0 46

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

14.3 4.8 66.7 9.5 4.8 21 4.3 0.0 82.6 13.0 0.0 23

2011
21.1 5.3 73.7 0.0 0.0 19

2008
28.1 10.4 50.4 10.3 0.8 730

Two or More Races 2009 2010

24.0 7.8 57.4 10.4 0.5 643 20.5 6.4 63.3 9.6 0.2 561

2011
23.7 6.7 60.7 8.4 0.6 511

2008
0.0 0.0 93.3 6.7 0.0 30

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 84.6 15.4 0.0 13

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 9

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

HAWAII | OUTCOMES DATA | 109

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 84.0 10.1 3.8 1.2 0.9 0.0 927

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
86.1 9.6 2.6 1.5 0.2 0.0 823

2010
82.1 12.3 4.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 773

2011
84.2 11.2 3.3 0.6 0.7 0.0 690 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
75.5 8.5 15.0 1.0 1,350

2009
74.8 9.3 15.6 0.4 1,303

2010
77.1 8.5 14.0 0.3 983

2011
77.6 7.6 13.5 1.2 997

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 9.1 27.6 31.2 19.3 12.7 0.0 362

2009
7.4 27.1 32.0 19.0 14.5 0.0 269

2010
6.3 27.7 25.7 18.9 21.4 0.0 206

2011
9.4 30.0 36.6 12.2 11.7 0.0 213

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 87.9 10.8 1.3 1,540 88.5 10.3 1.2 1,497 89.5 9.3 1.3 1,188 91.2 7.3 1.5 1,122

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
71.2 28.8 0.0 611 67.2 32.2 0.5 549 69.3 30.0 0.7 580 68.6 31.4 0.0 488

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.5 61.2 0.3 1,099 39.9 60.1 0.0 825 36.4 63.6 0.0 662 43.2 56.6 0.2 602

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.5 1.8 96.9 0.8 962

2009
1.2 1.6 96.4 0.8 962

2010
6.0 2.8 90.3 1.0 721

2011
7.0 2.7 88.9 1.3 742

HAWAII | OUTCOMES DATA | 110

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 131.5 74.9

2009
141.0 78.6

2010
127.3 75.8

2011
137.6 74.5

4.8

4.6

5.8

4.5

52.3 13.2

55.4 10.4

45.6 13.4

51.0 10.0

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 131.2 36.7 29.5 27.9

2009
120.4 34.6 29.8 25.8

2010
130.6 34.0 31.2 27.7

2011
148.1 39.4 27.3 30.7

24.1

13.4

19.8

21.1

52.0

55.6

57.9

69.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 121.8 38.3 85.1

2009
119.8 34.6 83.4

2010
121.6 36.6 83.9

2011
124.8 36.8 84.8

50.3

46.4

47.9

43.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 102.4 85.8 71.1 38.8

2009
102.2 86.7 67.5 39.9

2010
102.7 88.6 69.8 36.4

2011
106.8 90.2 68.6 43.3

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

HAWAII | OUTCOMES DATA | 111

Idaho

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 415,823 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.1 16.0 77.4 2.6 15.8

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
428,721 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 17.1 76.9 2.9 19.0

2009
419,190 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.1 16.4 76.8 2.7 18.1

2011
428,116 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.2 17.4 76.2 3.1 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,836 3.2 1,736 236

2009
1,634 2.9 1,451 353

2010
1,664 3.2 1,483 313

2011
1,515 2.9 1,368 257

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 57 81

2009
76 253 333 80 1,346 1,673

2010
88 292 332 81 1,643 2,032

2011
91 297 328 80 1,653 2,062

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 10,631 1,836 2

2008

Rate

Number
11,027 1,634 4

2009

Rate

Number
10,614 1,664 2

2010

Rate

Number
10,587 1,515 3

2011

Rate

25.6 per 1,000 4.4 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

26.3 per 1,000 3.9 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

24.8 per 1,000 3.9 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

24.7 per 1,000 3.5 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 14.7 7.2 6.8 6.2 5.8 6.3 5.1 5.2 4.7 5.2 4.5 4.4 3.6 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 1,836

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
14.9 7.3 8.3 5.6 6.4 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.3 3.8 4.8 4.5 3.5 4.3 4.1 5.0 4.4 2.1 0.0 0.1 1,634

2010
13.6 7.8 6.7 7.3 5.3 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.3 5.1 3.2 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.7 4.0 4.2 2.6 0.0 0.1 1,664

2011
13.8 7.3 7.4 7.6 5.6 5.9 5.0 5.7 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.6 5.4 5.0 3.6 4.4 3.3 2.5 0.0 0.1 1,515 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
4.6 0.4 1.5 0.2 14.1 72.8 3.5 3.0 1,836

2009
4.8 0.5 1.4 0.1 10.3 76.2 3.8 2.8 1,634

2010
3.1 0.4 1.1 0.1 12.1 76.9 3.8 2.4 1,664

2011
2.3 0.2 2.0 0.0 13.3 77.2 2.6 2.4 1,515

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
IDAHO | CONTEXT DATA | 112

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.1 0.9 73.7 19.1 4.6 0.0 6.5 1,836

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.5 0.9 76.9 16.3 5.2 0.0 6.6 1,664

2009
<.1 1.0 72.0 20.0 5.7 0.0 8.3 1,634

2011
0.2 0.7 73.7 18.8 6.1 0.0 7.0 1,515 Mean Median

2008
60.5 >24 but<48

2009
59.2 >24 but<48

2010
53.3 >24 but<48

2011
57.5 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,852 12.5 1,691 12.9 1,423 11.9 1,426 9.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,351 N/A 1,206 N/A 1,388 N/A 1,229 N/A

2008
1,467 9.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,446 11.3 1,328 9.5 1,287 10.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,736 12.8 1,451 11.9 1,483 9.2 1,368 9.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.7 8.5 8.5 7.2 5.9 5.6 5.5 4.6 5.0 5.0 3.8 4.2 4.5 3.3 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 7.9 8.7 7.6 6.7 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.0 3.1 4.5 4.8 3.7 5.9 5.9 6.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 9.4 7.5 7.4 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.3 3.3 3.5 4.1 4.6 4.7 5.2 7.0 6.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 8.4 7.4 6.5 5.5 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.3 5.6 3.8 4.8 4.4 4.7 5.3 6.2 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.9 7.8 6.9 6.4 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.0 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.6 4.5 4.9 5.7 6.4 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 8.1 8.4 5.1 5.6 4.2 5.1 4.6 4.5 3.9 4.9 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.0 6.1 6.1 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 8.2 7.1 6.3 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.5 4.8 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.2 3.8 4.8 5.7 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 8.0 7.8 7.4 5.9 5.5 4.6 5.5 4.7 4.0 4.5 3.1 4.9 5.0 4.1 4.6 4.1 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.5 7.0 8.2 7.4 5.7 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.5 4.4 5.1 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.8 5.7 4.6 6.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.9 6.2 9.5 7.7 7.1 6.4 5.4 5.0 3.8 4.3 5.0 2.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 7.9 8.7 8.3 6.0 6.2 5.8 5.3 6.0 4.0 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 4.1 3.8 5.2 7.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 7.6 6.6 8.0 6.1 4.8 5.5 5.1 5.7 4.5 5.1 4.0 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.3 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.2 7.8 8.8 7.5 6.7 5.8 5.2 4.7 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.1 4.5 4.9 3.9 5.9 5.8 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 9.6 7.6 7.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.3 3.3 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.8 5.0 7.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 8.8 7.6 6.5 5.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.3 5.5 3.7 4.9 4.4 4.5 5.1 6.4 7.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 6.2 9.5 8.3 6.7 4.7 4.8 5.3 4.7 3.5 3.9 5.3 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.2 6.1 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 6.2 0.4 1.2 0.1 16.5 70.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.5 2.2 0.2 15.5 69.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 7.6 0.8 2.1 0.4 13.1 69.5 6.5 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.2 2.5 0.3 14.0 72.4 6.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.6 0.7 2.1 0.4 14.2 72.1 4.5 0.3 0.0 6.6 0.5 1.2 0.0 13.1 74.1 4.4 <.1 0.0 3.5 0.3 1.8 0.0 13.8 75.1 5.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 0.4 2.1 0.4 14.4 77.2 2.5 0.3 0.0

2008
5.3 0.6 1.0 0.3 16.0 72.3 4.2 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.7 <.1 1.5 0.1 16.0 72.3 4.3 <.1 0.0 6.1 1.0 1.5 0.2 13.2 71.8 5.9 0.4 0.0 4.3 0.5 1.6 0.3 12.5 76.3 4.5 <.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.5 0.5 2.1 0.2 15.1 70.5 5.0 <.1 0.0 7.7 0.9 2.1 0.1 13.0 70.1 6.1 0.0 0.0 5.1 0.2 2.4 0.3 13.7 72.7 5.6 <.1 0.0 3.3 0.1 3.0 0.4 15.7 73.0 4.2 0.2 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

IDAHO | CONTEXT DATA | 113

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 578 449

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
500 380

2010
390 299

2011
335 262 Total children adopted

2008
236

2009
353

2010
313

2011
257

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.3 6.9 10.4 8.3 6.4 7.1 5.4 5.2 6.4 4.5 5.2 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.2 4.8 4.3 3.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.5 8.5 8.5 7.4 6.7 5.6 6.9 4.9 5.1 5.4 8.5 3.8 3.3 5.4 5.1 5.4 4.4 3.6

2009
1.4 9.0 7.6 8.0 8.4 7.8 5.4 5.4 5.0 6.2 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.6 5.2 5.0 5.8 3.0

2011
5.1 4.8 11.0 7.8 7.2 5.7 4.2 5.7 5.4 3.6 3.9 8.4 4.2 6.0 6.3 3.9 4.5 2.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.5 6.4 15.3 12.7 9.3 9.3 5.9 5.1 7.6 3.4 5.5 4.7 2.5 1.3 1.7 3.4 2.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
1.7 6.5 13.6 11.6 9.9 9.6 7.6 5.7 5.4 4.5 5.1 2.5 4.2 2.0 3.7 1.7 2.3 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

2010
1.0 11.5 11.8 12.5 9.3 8.6 8.0 4.8 5.8 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.2 2.9 2.6 3.2 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
1.9 9.3 9.3 12.8 8.9 5.1 8.2 6.2 7.0 3.1 7.0 4.7 3.5 1.9 4.7 0.8 2.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 7.6 0.2 2.1 0.0 19.0 65.7 5.4 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 4.7 1.3 0.8 0.0 20.3 66.9 5.9 0.0 0.0

2009
7.0 1.0 3.8 0.2 15.2 66.6 6.2 0.0 0.0

2010
3.8 0.0 3.8 0.8 13.8 72.3 5.4 0.0 0.0

2011
5.1 0.0 5.1 0.0 17.9 67.8 4.2 0.0 0.0

2009
7.9 1.1 2.5 0.0 21.5 61.5 5.4 0.0 0.0

2010
5.8 1.6 3.8 0.3 15.3 65.5 7.7 0.0 0.0

2011
3.1 0.0 2.7 1.2 11.3 74.7 7.0 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

IDAHO | CONTEXT DATA | 114

Idaho

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.0 5.0 893

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.12 99.88 3,203

2009
96.6 3.4 785

2010
97.0 3.0 796

2011
96.7 3.3 736

2009
0.35 99.65 2,897

2010
<.1 99.93 2,811

2011
0.11 99.89 2,655

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.4 3.7 72.1 8.7 0.1 1,467

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
19.8 6.9 63.5 9.8 0.0 1,287 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.3 6.1 61.2 9.4 0.0 1,446

2010
23.1 6.9 61.1 9.0 0.0 1,328

2008
30.3 4.0 51.6 14.1 0.0 531

2009
40.2 6.4 38.8 14.5 0.0 564

2010
41.6 6.2 37.6 14.6 0.0 481

2011
38.5
4.7
38.1
18.6
0.0
467

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.8 3.6 69.7 24.8 0.0 330

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 23.9 76.1 0.0 88

2009
3.8 3.8 60.9 31.4 0.0 338

2010
3.5 8.5 56.9 31.1 0.0 283

2011
3.8 7.7 59.2 29.3 0.0 287

2009
16.7 83.3 0.0 108

2010
20.6 79.4 0.0 97

2011
32.6 67.4 0.0 92

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 12.8 1.3 66.7 19.2 0.0 78

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

34.1 9.8 41.5 14.6 0.0 82 22.2 6.2 49.4 22.2 0.0 81 14.5 14.5 56.4 14.5 0.0 55

2008
11.1 0.0 77.8 11.1 0.0 9

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 38.5 15.4 46.2 0.0 0.0 13

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 6

2008
13.3 0.0 73.3 13.3 0.0 15

2009
28.6 4.8 47.6 19.0 0.0 21

2010
40.0 0.0 55.0 5.0 0.0 20

2011
35.0 10.0 45.0 10.0 0.0 20

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 75.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
20.4 2.6 73.2 3.8 0.0 235

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

30.6 6.5 56.0 6.9 0.0 232 26.9 9.1 54.3 9.7 0.0 175

2011
18.0 6.2 62.1 13.7 0.0 161

2008
14.3 4.1 72.7 8.7 0.2 1,061

White 2009 2010

20.4 5.9 64.6 9.1 0.0 1,045 21.4 6.7 63.7 8.2 0.0 953

2011
19.3 6.5 65.8 8.4 0.0 982

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
21.0 4.8 59.7 14.5 0.0 62

Two or More Races 2009 2010

30.6 3.2 53.2 12.9 0.0 62 30.4 3.8 59.5 6.3 0.0 79

2011
31.0 6.9 44.8 17.2 0.0 58

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 72.8 20.3 4.8 0.9 1.2 0.0 1,057

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
75.1 19.8 4.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 885

2010
82.1 13.9 3.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 811

2011
80.8 16.6 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 817 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
82.8 7.6 9.5 <.1 1,351

2009
80.8 8.3 10.9 0.0 1,206

2010
82.2 7.8 9.9 <.1 1,388

2011
79.3 7.5 13.1 <.1 1,229

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.8 15.9 37.2 27.0 18.1 0.0 226

2009
1.8 17.2 33.2 25.2 22.6 0.0 337

2010
4.2 28.0 37.8 16.3 13.7 0.0 307

2011
3.9 37.3 38.8 14.9 5.1 0.0 255

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 86.3 13.4 0.4 1,661 88.2 11.8 0.0 1,496 88.5 11.5 0.0 1,652 90.2 9.8 0.0 1,552

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
64.6 35.1 0.3 712 61.9 38.1 0.0 638 63.7 36.3 0.0 557 61.4 38.6 0.0 674

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

33.9 66.1 0.0 827 35.3 64.7 0.0 759 34.3 65.7 0.0 595 29.0 71.0 0.0 421

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 3 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 7 100.0 0.0 0.0 8

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.7 2.1 95.2 0.0 993

2009
2.5 1.3 96.2 0.0 896

2010
3.7 1.6 94.7 0.0 1,076

2011
2.8 2.0 95.2 0.0 958

IDAHO | OUTCOMES DATA | 116

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 137.9 73.6

2009
129.7 69.9

2010
134.4 77.7

2011
136.3 76.2

4.4

8.5

6.5

7.5

52.3 10.0

54.4 8.3

56.7 11.0

49.1 8.6

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 110.3 17.7 33.3 30.2

2009
139.4 19.0 34.9 44.6

2010
164.7 32.2 29.6 46.4

2011
169.9 41.2 26.2 45.8

29.6

33.9

30.8

18.9

28.8

40.4

57.0

74.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 133.5 39.1 92.0

2009
149.1 49.7 92.0

2010
148.9 49.2 93.1

2011
134.2 43.2 91.9

41.6

31.8

35.4

38.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 97.3 84.8 64.8 33.9

2009
97.7 86.4 62.0 35.3

2010
99.3 86.9 63.8 34.3

2011
95.7 88.8 61.4 29.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

IDAHO | OUTCOMES DATA | 117

Illinois

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
29,788 1.8 18,391 1,472

2009
29,836 1.6 17,798 1,429

2010
28,530 1.7 18,205 1,214

2011
27,907 1.5 18,141 1,140

3,182,952 3,177,377 3,123,630 3,098,125 0.2 4.1 17.1 <.1 21.6 54.9 2.2 17.0 0.2 4.2 16.9 <.1 22.2 54.3 2.2 18.9 0.1 4.2 16.5 <.1 23.2 53.0 2.9 19.4 0.2 4.3 16.2 <.1 23.7 52.7 3.0 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 9 1,450 16,989 66 14,786 22,430

2009
48 8,730 18,179 94 68,855 72,972

2010
72 12,882 17,848 95 106,873 112,660

2011
75 13,429 17,868 95 114,496 120,538

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 147,280 29,788 69

2008

Rate

Number
150,304 29,836 77

2009

Rate

Number
142,816 28,530 73

2010

Rate

Number
135,584 27,907 82

2011

Rate

46.3 per 1,000 9.4 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

47.3 per 1,000 9.4 per 1,000 2.4 per 100,000

45.7 per 1,000 9.1 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

43.8 per 1,000 9.0 per 1,000 2.6 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 14.2 8.3 8.1 7.3 6.5 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 2.7 1.3 0.0 <.1 29,788

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.6 8.7 8.2 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.2 5.1 4.5 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 2.8 1.6 0.0 <.1 29,836

2010
13.9 8.5 8.1 7.8 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.6 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.8 1.6 0.0 0.1 28,530

2011
13.2 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.2 2.7 1.7 <.1 <.1 27,907 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.5 33.4 <.1 11.1 52.7 0.0 2.2 29,788

2009
0.1 0.5 33.0 <.1 10.8 53.2 0.0 2.3 29,836

2010
<.1 0.6 31.3 <.1 11.2 54.2 <.1 2.5 28,530

2011
0.1 0.6 31.1 <.1 11.5 54.2 0.0 2.3 27,907

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
ILLINOIS | CONTEXT DATA | 118

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number <.1 2.2 68.3 19.8 15.9 0.0 0.0 29,788

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
<.1 2.1 68.9 19.9 15.3 0.0 0.0 28,530

2009
<.1 2.1 68.1 20.7 15.0 0.0 0.0 29,836

2011
<.1 1.9 70.0 18.5 15.5 0.0 0.0 27,907 Mean Median

2008
13.4 >24 but<48

2009
13.1 >24 but<48

2010
13.1 >24 but<48

2011
12.6 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 17,868 31.9 17,827 29.3 17,285 28.1 17,767 28.8

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,747 N/A 5,093 N/A 5,188 N/A 4,672 N/A

2008
5,224 33.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5,123 32.8 4,268 32.2 4,298 35.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

18,391 29.3 17,798 27.3 18,205 28.6 18,141 29.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.4 6.2 6.4 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.9 5.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.6 1.7 4.9 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.6 5.4 5.8 5.4 4.4 4.3 1.8 4.4 7.1 7.0 6.3 5.6 5.1 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.6 5.3 5.9 5.2 4.6 3.9 1.4 4.6 6.7 7.5 6.6 5.9 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.4 4.1 1.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

23.7 8.1 7.8 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.6 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.9 4.6 4.2 1.8 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 23.5 9.2 7.9 6.0 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 2.7 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.2 4.4 2.2 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 24.3 9.1 7.2 6.3 5.6 5.2 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.6 4.3 3.8 3.0 <.1 <.1 0.2 0.0 23.8 9.0 7.6 6.3 5.9 5.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.4 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.0 4.0 3.8 2.8 0.2 0.1 <.1 0.0

2008
3.7 5.8 7.6 7.7 6.8 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.2 2.8 3.6 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.3 3.9 2.6 5.5 8.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.6 5.5 7.5 7.2 6.5 5.8 5.2 5.3 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.2 3.9 2.6 6.9 7.7 3.7 5.0 7.6 7.8 7.0 6.4 5.1 4.9 4.3 4.5 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.7 2.2 8.7 5.1 3.0 5.5 6.8 8.1 7.1 6.3 5.7 4.9 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.1 3.1 3.7 2.6 10.7 4.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.8 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.6 4.9 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.6 5.4 5.6 5.3 4.4 4.3 2.3 4.3 7.1 7.1 6.3 5.7 5.1 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.7 4.5 5.0 5.7 5.2 4.5 3.8 2.3 4.4 6.7 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.8 5.4 5.1 4.3 4.0 2.0 4.1 6.5 7.2 7.3 6.2 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.8 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.3 3.8 2.7

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.2 61.0 0.0 6.1 30.7 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.2 59.2 0.0 5.9 32.5 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 57.3 <.1 5.6 35.3 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.2 55.4 <.1 5.7 37.2 0.1 0.3 0.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.5 45.8 0.0 6.1 44.3 <.1 2.9 0.0 <.1 0.5 44.6 0.0 5.5 46.6 <.1 2.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 43.2 <.1 5.6 48.1 <.1 0.6 2.0 <.1 0.3 42.2 0.0 5.2 50.0 <.1 0.6 1.6

2008
0.2 0.4 52.5 0.0 7.0 37.4 0.2 2.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 53.2 0.0 6.7 37.8 0.1 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 51.2 <.1 5.2 40.4 0.1 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.3 48.3 <.1 6.0 43.6 <.1 0.3 1.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.2 58.7 0.0 5.9 33.0 0.1 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 56.7 0.0 5.6 35.0 <.1 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 54.7 <.1 5.7 37.7 0.1 0.3 1.1 <.1 0.3 53.7 <.1 5.5 39.0 0.1 0.3 1.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ILLINOIS | CONTEXT DATA | 119

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
4,677 2,657

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,794 2,475

2010
2,988 2,648

2011
3,330 2,970
Total children adopted

2008
1,472

2009
1,429

2010
1,214

2011
1,140

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 4.6 8.6 10.4 10.3 8.7 7.5 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.7 1.1 0.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.9 3.9 8.8 10.0 9.4 8.4 7.2 7.2 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.6 4.4 5.1 4.0 4.1 1.8 1.2

2009
0.5 5.2 7.7 9.4 9.5 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.1 6.2 5.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.7 2.1 1.1

2011
1.0 3.8 7.9 10.2 9.3 9.2 7.9 7.2 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.0 5.0 3.9 4.4 3.5 1.7 1.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.1 7.1 11.4 13.5 12.0 9.1 8.1 7.3 7.4 4.8 4.6 3.5 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 <.1

2009
0.1 6.6 12.3 12.9 10.8 9.7 8.0 8.0 5.9 4.1 4.7 4.2 3.2 2.2 2.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 <.1 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 4.3 12.3 12.9 13.4 10.4 8.8 6.7 6.3 6.1 4.1 4.0 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2011
<.1 4.3 8.9 13.6 11.7 11.8 7.5 7.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 1.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 56.1 0.0 4.8 36.9 <.1 2.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.5 50.7 0.0 5.8 39.8 0.3 2.7 0.0

2009
<.1 0.1 57.3 0.0 4.7 35.9 <.1 2.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.1 53.2 <.1 5.0 40.4 0.1 0.2 1.0

2011
0.1 0.1 53.2 0.0 5.0 40.5 0.0 0.3 0.7

2009
<.1 0.0 53.0 0.0 5.6 39.7 0.0 1.6 0.0

2010
<.1 0.0 51.9 <.1 5.2 40.6 <.1 2.1 0.0

2011
0.0 <.1 40.5 <.1 4.9 53.3 0.2 0.9 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ILLINOIS | CONTEXT DATA | 120

Illinois

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 92.5 7.5 13,357

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.58 99.42 23,615

2009
92.9 7.1 13,530

2010
93.4 6.6 13,138

2011
93.4 6.6 12,463

2009
0.60 99.40 22,920

2010
0.57 99.43 22,473

2011
0.63 99.37 22,439

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 28.0 7.6 41.7 21.6 1.1 5,224

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
28.6 4.8 43.7 21.6 1.3 4,298 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
27.5 10.0 40.2 21.4 0.9 5,123

2010
28.3 7.3 42.5 20.1 1.7 4,268

2008
20.5 5.0 17.1 56.7 0.8 1,266

2009
21.0 7.9 14.2 56.1 0.8 1,278

2010
19.1 7.7 18.6 53.4 1.1 1,078

2011

22.0
2.6
17.9
56.2
1.3
1,081

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.1 3.0 37.8 55.7 2.5 857

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 57.5 42.5 0.0 1,116

2009
2.4 6.3 31.7 57.7 1.9 860

2010
2.0 2.0 34.2 58.7 3.0 733

2011
1.1 0.5 31.9 64.3 2.2 728

2009
54.6 45.4 0.0 1,093

2010
50.2 49.8 0.0 850

2011
49.1 50.9 0.0 902

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.7 0.0 50.0 8.3 25.0 12

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

14.3 0.0 28.6 42.9 14.3 7 14.3 14.3 14.3 57.1 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 83.3 16.7 0.0 6

2008
34.8 0.0 56.5 8.7 0.0 23

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 10.0 80.0 10.0 0.0 10 0.0 25.0 62.5 12.5 0.0 8

Black 2011
7.7 0.0 61.5 30.8 0.0 13

2008
26.8 9.6 35.5 26.7 1.4 2,741

2009
27.3 11.1 33.1 27.3 1.2 2,723

2010
28.3 8.8 35.0 25.5 2.4 2,185

2011
25.1 6.0 39.6 27.4 1.8 2,074

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 3 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
22.9 7.1 48.0 21.0 1.1 367

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

21.4 6.5 52.8 19.1 0.3 341 26.8 8.0 45.1 19.2 0.9 224

2011
23.4 4.3 51.6 19.5 1.2 256

2008
30.1 5.2 48.9 15.3 0.6 1,953

White 2009 2010

29.4 9.1 47.2 14.0 0.3 1,934 29.1 5.0 51.1 13.9 0.8 1,726

2011
33.9 3.5 46.6 15.5 0.5 1,876

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 33.6 5.9 45.4 13.4 1.7 119

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

22.5 10.8 51.0 12.7 2.9 102 21.4 16.1 46.4 12.5 3.6 56

2011
33.3 0.0 60.0 6.7 0.0 15

2008
55.6 0.0 11.1 33.3 0.0 9

Two or More Races 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 66.7 16.7 16.7 6 20.0 40.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 5

2011
50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 4

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 24.1 1.9 61.1 9.3 3.7 54

2011
9.6 9.6 51.9 23.1 5.8 52

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

ILLINOIS | OUTCOMES DATA | 121

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 57.6 17.6 10.9 6.0 5.2 2.6 2,177

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
57.7 21.6 8.7 5.0 5.3 1.7 2,059

2010
58.7 20.1 10.7 3.7 5.2 1.5 1,814

2011
47.4 24.4 14.5 7.4 5.6 0.7 1,878 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
88.3 4.8 6.8 0.1 5,747

2009
87.5 5.7 6.5 0.3 5,093

2010
88.5 5.2 6.2 0.1 5,188

2011
88.6 5.4 6.0 <.1 4,672

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.7 13.3 25.2 22.4 38.4 0.0 1,462

2009
1.1 11.6 25.3 23.4 38.6 0.0 1,409

2010
1.2 9.5 23.6 24.5 41.2 0.0 1,209

2011
0.2 7.7 18.6 27.0 46.5 0.0 1,231

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.2 14.8 0.0 6,020 83.0 17.0 0.0 5,473 82.7 17.3 0.0 5,517 81.8 18.2 0.0 4,897

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
69.7 30.3 0.0 4,005 68.7 31.3 0.0 4,589 67.2 32.8 0.0 4,016 63.5 36.5 0.0 4,411

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

33.8 66.2 0.0 35.6 64.4 0.0 38.2 61.8 0.0 36.5 63.5 0.0

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

85.1 14.9 0.0 74 71.7 28.3 0.0 53 72.5 27.5 0.0 40 51.5 48.5 0.0 33

13,516 12,805 12,900 13,098

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.2 2.0 97.9 0.0 4,641

2009
0.2 2.1 97.7 0.0 4,108

2010
0.3 2.3 97.4 0.0 4,230

2011
0.1 2.7 97.2 0.0 3,798

ILLINOIS | OUTCOMES DATA | 122

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 55.5 42.2

2009
75.0 45.0

2010
79.0 45.5

2011
64.7 39.9

14.8

13.5

13.9

15.4

15.6 10.6

16.4 10.8

16.6 9.6

14.7 12.5

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 77.0 14.0 41.1 14.7

2009
64.5 12.7 41.5 15.5

2010
59.2 10.8 43.2 13.0

2011
48.2 8.0 46.1 13.6

9.2

8.8

10.0

9.0

52.9

43.5

38.7

31.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 102.9 22.7 98.3

2009
105.9 23.5 98.6

2010
106.3 20.4 98.7

2011
106.2 20.3 99.1

69.9

64.6

60.2

59.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 98.7 83.2 69.9 40.7

2009
97.2 81.0 69.0 42.7

2010
97.8 81.0 67.7 45.1

2011
94.8 79.9 64.1 43.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

ILLINOIS | OUTCOMES DATA | 123

Illinois

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Richard H. Calica, Director
Department of Children and Family Services

The following are Illinoiss comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Illinois underwent a Federal review of our AFCARS data in August 2010. Various data related issues were identified as the result of this review, with the most significant issues identified being the lack of available data for many of the required AFCARS elements as well as issues in how certain types of child welfare data are both collected and recorded in the States information systems. IDCFS subsequently developed and is in the process of implementing an AFCARS Improvement Plan (AIP) aimed at addressing these issues. Examples of specific data issues we are still in the process of addressing include: Dropped cases the process in how the State codes clients who turn 18 and remain in care needs to be corrected. IDCFS will work with ACF to address this coding issue. Data entry issues related to termination of parental rights. Adoption discrepancy count Due to changes made to the AFCARS extraction file for our AIP, IDCFS is no longer defaulting the data element that identifies who placed a child up for adoption to the agency. Previously, we had been defaulting this value because it was not being collected in any of our information systems. While this is an area currently in the process of being addressed as part of our AIP, it will unfortunately in the near term appear that Illinois has a discrepancy between the Foster Care and Adoption files.

As Director, I am committed to ensuring that these and other data related issues are successfully addressed. The Department of Children and Family Services is also committed to improving our States performance in outcomes relating to child safety, permanency and well-being.

ILLINOIS | STATE COMMENT | 124

Indiana

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
21,846 5.9 12,094 1,501

2009
24,108 5.9 12,348 1,484

2010
23,095 5.7 12,542 1,458

2011
19,300 4.7 11,164 1,549

1,591,833 1,589,365 1,605,298 1,597,603 0.2 1.4 11.0 <.1 8.3 76.7 2.4 18.3 0.2 1.5 11.0 <.1 8.7 76.2 2.4 20.0 0.2 1.6 11.0 <.1 9.7 74.1 3.4 21.7 0.2 1.7 11.0 <.1 9.9 73.7 3.5 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 70 11,344 16,278 90 66,744 74,050

2009
85 14,408 16,995 89 86,338 97,328

2010
88 15,216 17,361 88 91,097 103,835

2011
96 15,096 15,775 91 97,906 107,128

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 104,005 21,846 34

2008

Rate

Number
104,677 24,108 50

2009

Rate

Number
104,287 23,095 24

2010

Rate

Number
90,578 19,300 34

2011

Rate

65.3 per 1,000 13.7 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

65.9 per 1,000 15.2 per 1,000 3.1 per 100,000

65.0 per 1,000 14.4 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

56.7 per 1,000 12.1 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.5 6.7 6.8 6.0 6.5 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.2 5.0 5.1 5.3 3.6 2.1 <.1 <.1 21,846

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.4 7.0 6.9 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.4 3.8 2.4 <.1 <.1 24,108

2010
13.3 6.7 7.2 6.6 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.7 3.8 2.3 <.1 <.1 23,095

2011
14.0 6.7 7.1 6.5 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.5 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.5 4.8 3.3 2.2 0.0 <.1 19,300 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 0.1 17.3 <.1 7.1 69.8 4.6 0.9 21,846

2009
<.1 0.2 16.6 <.1 6.9 70.3 5.0 0.9 24,108

2010
<.1 0.2 16.8 <.1 7.6 69.3 5.4 0.6 23,095

2011
<.1 0.3 17.9 <.1 7.4 65.2 5.9 3.2 19,300

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
INDIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 125

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.0 2.2 79.0 12.2 17.5 0.0 0.0 21,846

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.5 1.7 82.4 10.3 15.0 0.0 0.0 23,095

2009
0.7 2.0 81.0 11.2 16.4 0.0 0.0 24,108

2011
0.4 2.0 80.9 10.5 15.6 0.0 0.0 19,300 Mean Median

2008
65.4 >24 but<48

2009
44.5 >24 but <48

2010
28.1 <24

2011
74.9 >24 but <48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 10,748 13.4 11,668 10.7 12,058 11.1 12,087 11.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

9,391 N/A 9,424 N/A 9,161 N/A 7,457 N/A

2008
8,045 10.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

8,744 9.8 8,677 10.8 8,380 11.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

12,094 10.9 12,348 11.2 12,542 11.4 11,164 12.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 7.6 7.4 6.7 5.8 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.7 5.6 6.6 6.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 6.9 8.6 7.4 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.1 6.2 6.3 6.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 6.5 9.2 8.1 6.9 5.8 5.9 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.7 4.2 5.0 5.7 6.7 6.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.8 8.7 7.1 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.7 5.5 6.1 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

15.4 8.2 7.3 5.7 6.1 5.3 4.6 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.7 4.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 3.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.5 8.9 7.8 7.0 5.8 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.6 5.1 4.8 3.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.7 8.1 7.6 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.2 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.5 3.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 8.2 8.2 6.9 6.6 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.0 2.9 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.8 7.7 8.3 7.5 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.7 5.5 5.5 7.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.8 8.7 9.3 7.7 6.7 6.1 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.7 4.4 4.6 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 7.8 9.1 8.1 6.8 6.7 5.6 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.5 5.1 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 8.3 9.7 8.4 6.9 6.4 5.8 5.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.9 7.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.8 8.5 7.4 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.2 5.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 6.4 9.1 8.1 6.9 5.7 5.9 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.5 5.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 6.4 8.6 8.4 7.0 6.1 5.7 5.0 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 8.4 8.3 7.6 6.5 5.8 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 5.0 6.0 6.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.1 29.4 <.1 7.5 56.6 6.1 0.2 <.1 0.1 0.1 29.0 <.1 7.6 56.4 6.5 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.2 27.7 <.1 7.8 58.0 6.0 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.2 26.1 <.1 7.6 59.4 6.3 0.3 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 23.7 <.1 7.6 61.7 6.3 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.2 23.5 0.0 7.8 62.2 5.8 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.4 21.1 <.1 7.9 63.7 6.4 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.3 21.3 <.1 7.9 62.9 7.1 0.4 0.0

2008
0.2 0.2 23.3 <.1 7.2 62.8 5.9 0.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 24.6 0.0 7.5 60.5 6.6 0.3 <.1 <.1 0.3 23.1 <.1 8.1 62.0 6.1 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.2 22.5 <.1 7.5 63.0 6.4 0.3 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.1 29.0 <.1 7.7 56.4 6.4 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.2 27.9 <.1 7.9 57.9 5.9 0.3 0.0 <.1 0.3 26.1 <.1 7.6 59.4 6.2 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.3 25.6 <.1 7.9 59.1 6.8 0.4 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

INDIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 126

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
3,095 2,022

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
3,223 2,059

2010
3,193 1,982

2011
2,922 1,426
Total children adopted

2008
1,501

2009
1,484

2010
1,458

2011
1,549

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.4 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.7 4.5 4.5

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.1 8.0 10.7 7.8 6.9 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.0 6.0 4.7 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.8 5.0 3.9 4.2

2009
1.5 8.9 9.2 7.3 6.4 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.0 4.6 5.1 4.0

2011
1.2 7.9 9.7 8.4 7.6 7.2 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 3.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.9 8.3 13.9 11.6 8.8 6.9 7.0 6.1 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.1 3.2 2.0 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0

2009
1.1 8.6 14.9 11.7 9.2 7.8 7.8 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.4 3.2 4.0 3.2 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.0 8.0 16.5 13.2 8.4 9.6 6.9 6.3 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

2011
1.0 8.3 17.2 11.9 8.1 7.6 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.3 4.3 3.6 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 0.9 0.2 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 <.1 32.1 0.0 6.8 53.3 7.3 0.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.0 29.8 0.1 7.3 54.3 8.1 0.2 0.0

2009
<.1 <.1 29.5 <.1 7.7 56.2 6.3 <.1 0.0

2010
<.1 <.1 29.2 <.1 6.8 56.9 6.9 <.1 0.0

2011
0.0 0.1 28.3 <.1 7.6 56.3 7.6 <.1 0.0

2009
0.3 0.0 28.5 0.0 8.2 54.0 8.8 0.3 0.0

2010
0.1 <.1 24.0 0.0 8.8 58.5 8.2 0.2 0.0

2011
<.1 0.0 21.0 0.0 7.7 64.0 7.0 0.3 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

INDIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 127

Indiana

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.6 6.4 8,619

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.42 99.58 20,139

2009
92.7 7.3 10,632

2010
93.2 6.8 10,884

2011
93.3 6.7 8,700

2009
0.44 99.56 21,092

2010
0.37 99.63 21,219

2011
0.23 99.77 19,544

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.5 7.6 62.2 11.7 0.0 8,045

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
18.2 10.6 61.9 9.2 0.0 8,380 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
17.0 8.2 63.7 11.1 0.0 8,744

2010
16.7 10.6 62.5 10.3 0.0 8,677

2008
28.9 6.5 47.3 17.4 0.0 634

2009
27.4 7.0 47.6 18.0 0.0 718

2010
27.4 9.9 47.9 14.8 0.0 796

2011

26.9
7.1
51.3
14.8
0.0
1,158

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.0 5.5 62.9 29.6 0.0 1,987

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 20.1 79.9 0.0 374

2009
1.8 7.6 60.2 30.5 0.0 1,852

2010
2.3 9.0 59.7 29.0 0.0 1,746

2011
2.3 9.5 57.4 30.9 0.0 1,555

2009
18.0 82.0 0.0 338

2010
18.4 81.6 0.0 365

2011
17.5 82.5 0.0 372

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.0 0.0 73.3 6.7 0.0 15

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

38.5 0.0 38.5 23.1 0.0 13 14.3 0.0 57.1 28.6 0.0 7 20.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 0.0 5

2008
0.0 0.0 92.9 7.1 0.0 14

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 76.5 23.5 0.0 17 4.3 0.0 73.9 21.7 0.0 23

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 55.0 45.0 0.0 20

2008
23.5 4.6 57.3 14.6 0.0 1,878

2009
19.7 5.1 62.8 12.4 0.0 2,152

2010
17.4 7.2 62.5 12.9 0.0 2,004

2011
17.1 5.3 64.8 12.8 0.0 1,885

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 40.0 0.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2008
19.0 6.0 65.3 9.7 0.0 579

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

18.4 5.3 65.3 10.9 0.0 658 18.4 7.4 65.0 9.2 0.0 706

2011
19.1 9.6 65.6 5.7 0.0 628

2008
15.9 9.1 63.6 11.4 0.0 5,054

White 2009 2010

15.1 10.1 64.0 10.8 0.0 5,293 15.7 12.5 62.1 9.7 0.0 5,380

2011
18.5 13.0 60.1 8.4 0.0 5,277

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.7 4.2 75.0 4.2 0.0 24

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

16.7 0.0 80.0 3.3 0.0 30 11.1 22.2 55.6 11.1 0.0 27

2011
8.0 0.0 76.0 16.0 0.0 25

2008
25.2 6.9 61.1 6.7 0.0 476

Two or More Races 2009 2010

22.6 6.4 61.7 9.3 0.0 580 22.7 8.3 62.4 6.6 0.0 529

2011
20.5 8.2 64.4 6.9 0.0 537

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

INDIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 128

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 72.0 19.8 5.7 1.7 0.8 <.1 5,002

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
73.4 20.5 4.0 1.3 0.7 <.1 5,569

2010
68.5 24.9 4.9 1.0 0.7 <.1 5,419

2011
65.5 27.1 5.4 0.9 1.1 <.1 5,185 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
80.8 8.7 9.6 0.9 9,391

2009
81.9 8.0 9.3 0.8 9,424

2010
81.6 7.7 10.0 0.7 9,161

2011
82.7 6.8 10.1 0.4 7,457

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.2 21.4 35.6 24.3 16.5 0.0 1,485

2009
3.2 24.0 34.5 20.1 18.2 0.0 1,485

2010
2.4 28.2 36.2 19.0 14.2 0.0 1,449

2011
3.8 26.4 37.8 15.6 16.4 0.0 1,529

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 88.8 11.2 <.1 89.6 10.4 0.0 88.3 11.7 0.0 89.1 10.9 <.1 9,608

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
67.4 32.6 0.0 4,195 67.1 32.9 <.1 4,878 67.0 33.0 0.0 5,359 67.4 32.6 0.0 5,199

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.8 61.2 0.0 5,051 38.3 61.7 0.0 4,678 37.9 62.1 0.0 4,688 39.0 61.0 0.0 4,713

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 33 95.3 4.7 0.0 43 100.0 0.0 0.0 26 100.0 0.0 0.0 24

10,860 11,493 11,146

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.6 4.7 94.7 <.1 6,773

2009
0.4 3.5 96.0 <.1 7,106

2010
0.3 2.8 96.8 0.0 7,019

2011
0.2 1.8 98.0 0.0 5,995

INDIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 129

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 123.6 73.4

2009
125.5 77.0

2010
124.1 73.4

2011
126.9 72.5

6.5

6.1

6.7

7.4

43.4 12.5

47.1 14.0

43.4 11.8

44.2 9.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 121.4 23.6 32.7 29.5

2009
131.9 27.2 31.2 30.4

2010
133.5 30.6 29.1 29.4

2011
128.1 30.2 29.0 30.3

20.0

22.6

20.1

13.8

54.6

60.5

56.5

61.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 133.5 36.2 95.1

2009
135.6 35.9 93.9

2010
135.0 34.7 94.2

2011
137.5 35.9 94.9

37.7

36.8

36.2

36.4

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 102.1 87.7 67.4 38.8

2009
102.1 88.6 67.1 38.3

2010
101.2 87.5 67.0 37.9

2011
103.0 88.5 67.4 39.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

INDIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 130

Indiana

S TAT E C O M M E N T
James W. Payne, Director
Program and Services Division
Department of Child Services

The following are Indiana's comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Foster Care: During FFY 2011, Indiana began a statewide initiative, Safely Home, Families First. This was the beginning of a focused effort to ensure programs, policies and procedures all support flexibility to ensure every effort is made to keep children safely home. Homebuilders was implemented statewide. Additional programs were implemented to support youth with significant behavioral health challenges in their transition home. In addition, all local management teams were trained on the importance of keeping children safely at home and the trauma associated with removal. When children cannot stay at home, the goal is to look to family members first as a placement option. This initiative is reflected in the data showing fewer entries into foster care, more exits from foster care, and an overall decrease in the number of children in foster care. Assessments: On 1-1-10, Indiana instituted a hotline which receives all reports of child abuse and neglect and assigns them to local offices for assessment. FFY2011 is the first full FFY under the new system. CIU gradually took over the intake functions of counties during the first eight months of calendar year 2010, with the final (and second largest) county, Lake, added in August, 2010. It should be noted that when Indiana generally reports this information, it utilizes reports assigned from the hotline to the field offices. This information reported shows those reports assessed by the field. The field offices often link reports together if the allegations are the same. These reports become one for the purpose of this report. Consequently, the internal data reports Indiana utilizes and reports locally are showing an increase in the number of assessments. This is likely due to the hotline receiving numerous calls about the same incident and those being then linked together by the field offices.

INDIANA | STATE COMMENT | 131

Iowa

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 712,516 0.5 1.8 4.0 <.1 7.5 83.7 2.5 14.4

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
726,778 0.4 1.8 4.2 <.1 8.7 81.5 3.3 16.3

2009
713,155 0.5 1.9 4.1 <.1 7.9 83.1 2.5 15.7

2011
724,370 0.4 1.9 4.2 <.1 9.0 81.0 3.4 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
11,200 6.4 6,786 1,041

2009
13,007 6.6 6,610 967

2010
13,449 6.4 6,558 801

2011
12,590 5.9 6,373 854

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 42 4,593 11,035 83 30,664 37,091

2009
53 5,407 10,156 82 36,742 44,788

2010
47 4,690 9,948 78 29,677 38,079

2011
48 4,655 9,665 82 31,507 38,545

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 33,080 11,200 11

2008

Rate

Number
38,623 13,007 10

2009

Rate

Number
39,257 13,449 7

2010

Rate

Number
40,902 12,590 10

2011

Rate

46.4 per 1,000 15.7 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

54.2 per 1,000 18.2 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

54.0 per 1,000 18.5 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

56.5 per 1,000 17.4 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.2 9.2 9.3 8.2 7.8 6.3 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.3 2.6 1.8 0.0 <.1 11,200

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.0 9.8 8.9 8.2 7.5 6.6 6.0 5.7 5.2 4.5 4.1 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 1.8 <.1 <.1 13,007

2010
11.7 9.1 9.0 8.6 7.5 6.5 6.1 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 2.8 3.0 2.3 1.8 <.1 <.1 13,449

2011
10.1 8.4 8.9 8.9 7.9 6.9 6.4 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.6 1.8 <.1 <.1 12,590 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
1.0 1.0 9.1 0.2 5.6 57.6 1.6 24.0 11,200

2009
1.2 0.5 8.4 0.2 5.7 56.2 1.4 26.2 13,007

2010
1.1 0.9 9.3 0.3 6.0 57.7 2.1 22.8 13,449

2011
1.1 0.8 9.6 0.3 8.3 63.9 2.9 13.3 12,590

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
IOWA | CONTEXT DATA | 132

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.7 1.0 79.1 13.7 4.8 0.0 5.4 11,200

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.5 0.9 83.0 11.2 4.0 0.0 5.9 13,449

2009
0.6 1.0 82.5 11.8 4.5 0.0 5.0 13,007

2011
0.6 1.1 81.6 11.6 4.5 0.0 6.3 12,590 Mean Median

2008
0.5 <24

2009
0.4 <24

2010
0.4 <24

2011
0.5 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,774 12.2 6,561 12.7 6,366 10.8 6,352 10.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4,544 N/A 4,735 N/A 4,618 N/A 4,296 N/A

2008
5,532 13.9

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4,686 14.2 4,426 12.8 4,275 13.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,786 12.6 6,610 10.6 6,558 10.6 6,373 10.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.6 6.9 5.9 5.1 4.7 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.4 6.7 9.0 11.9 11.6 0.8 0.1 <.1 0.0 4.9 7.0 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.5 6.0 9.1 11.8 13.0 1.2 0.1 <.1 <.1 5.3 7.1 6.4 5.1 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.6 4.4 6.4 8.4 11.0 12.2 1.4 0.2 <.1 <.1 5.5 7.0 6.9 6.0 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.7 4.9 5.7 8.1 10.6 10.7 0.9 <.1 <.1 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

12.7 6.3 5.5 4.8 4.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5 3.5 6.0 8.0 10.8 12.0 7.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 6.9 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.9 4.0 5.7 7.4 9.8 10.3 7.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 6.9 6.8 5.2 4.7 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.6 5.2 6.6 8.9 10.2 6.4 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 11.9 7.2 6.0 5.7 5.2 4.6 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.0 3.8 4.6 7.8 8.6 8.8 7.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
2.4 7.1 6.7 5.4 4.9 4.0 3.6 3.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.5 5.1 6.8 8.6 14.8 8.6 0.4 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.2 6.6 6.7 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.6 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.9 3.7 4.6 6.2 7.8 11.4 14.0 0.4 <.1 0.0 2.6 6.9 7.1 6.0 5.0 4.8 3.8 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.4 3.3 4.1 6.1 8.3 15.2 9.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 2.1 7.1 7.6 6.3 5.6 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 2.8 2.4 3.0 3.0 5.2 5.3 7.3 17.8 4.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.9 7.0 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.0 3.6 3.6 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.7 6.1 9.0 11.8 13.0 1.3 0.1 <.1 <.1 5.3 7.3 6.4 5.1 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.6 4.3 6.3 8.6 10.9 12.0 1.5 0.2 <.1 <.1 5.4 7.1 7.0 6.0 4.6 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.5 4.9 5.7 8.1 10.3 10.7 1.3 0.1 <.1 <.1 5.1 7.1 6.7 6.0 5.6 4.7 4.4 3.3 3.7 2.9 3.4 3.0 3.7 4.5 6.1 8.0 9.6 10.5 1.5 <.1 <.1 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.7 0.6 14.4 0.3 7.2 68.4 2.3 4.7 0.5 2.1 0.7 15.5 0.3 8.0 66.3 2.5 4.1 0.4 1.9 0.7 15.5 0.4 9.1 64.1 3.3 4.7 0.3 1.8 0.7 14.3 0.3 9.7 66.1 4.3 2.6 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.7 1.0 14.4 0.3 8.2 64.1 2.2 7.6 0.4 1.9 0.8 13.6 0.3 9.4 62.6 3.1 7.9 0.2 2.4 1.2 12.2 0.2 9.4 63.8 3.1 7.4 0.3 2.1 0.8 12.8 0.4 10.8 65.9 3.5 3.6 0.3

2008
1.4 0.8 13.4 0.3 7.0 67.1 2.0 7.7 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.3 0.8 14.0 0.3 7.7 65.9 2.0 6.7 0.4 2.3 1.0 14.3 0.4 9.3 62.9 3.1 6.4 0.2 2.1 0.5 13.2 0.3 10.1 65.7 3.3 4.6 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2.0 0.8 15.2 0.3 8.0 66.6 2.5 4.2 0.4 1.9 0.7 15.3 0.4 9.2 64.0 3.3 4.9 0.3 2.0 0.8 13.9 0.2 9.2 64.7 3.3 5.5 0.3 1.8 0.8 14.1 0.3 10.2 66.2 4.4 2.0 0.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

IOWA | CONTEXT DATA | 133

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,171 981

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,030 861

2010
1,088 838

2011
1,104 881
Total children adopted

2008
1,041

2009
967

2010
801

2011
854

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.8 10.9 8.2 7.6 8.5 7.3 4.9 6.2 5.5 6.1 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.1 3.9 4.4 4.0 4.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.3 12.1 13.3 9.7 7.2 6.3 6.5 5.1 6.1 4.6 4.1 3.4 3.2 2.4 3.3 2.5 3.0 3.8

2009
4.4 11.4 11.4 9.1 7.1 5.9 6.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 4.2 3.2 3.1 4.0 3.1 4.0 4.6 4.1

2011
2.8 13.1 12.0 9.5 9.1 6.7 6.7 4.7 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.8 3.2 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
3.0 14.8 14.6 11.4 10.1 7.1 6.7 7.7 4.1 4.8 4.0 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.9 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
2.5 12.7 14.2 10.8 9.7 8.8 7.1 7.1 5.7 4.6 4.9 2.5 2.8 2.0 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
3.4 13.4 15.7 12.0 9.5 7.4 7.5 4.7 4.0 4.2 3.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
2.3 13.1 18.1 13.2 10.9 5.3 6.6 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.1 2.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 2.7 0.7 18.4 0.3 8.3 60.5 4.6 4.4 0.3

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.4 0.7 15.6 0.6 8.7 62.2 7.7 3.1 <.1

2009
1.7 1.1 18.5 0.4 10.4 56.3 6.0 5.5 <.1

2010
1.6 0.3 18.1 <.1 9.4 58.3 6.3 6.0 <.1

2011
2.1 0.7 16.6 0.2 11.2 60.4 7.6 1.2 0.0

2009
2.1 0.4 16.0 0.4 8.9 63.6 5.6 2.9 0.1

2010
2.1 0.9 18.2 0.5 10.0 57.2 8.5 2.6 0.0

2011
1.6 0.1 19.0 0.2 10.5 59.8 6.4 2.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

IOWA | CONTEXT DATA | 134

Iowa

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 91.9 8.1 5,124

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.29 99.71 12,318

2009
91.0 9.0 5,731

2010
90.7 9.3 6,222

2011
91.5 8.5 5,675

2009
0.87 99.13 11,296

2010
0.37 99.63 10,984

2011
0.54 99.46 10,648

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.3 5.7 66.9 9.1 0.0 5,532

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
19.8 7.7 62.5 9.9 0.0 4,275 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
19.6 6.8 62.9 10.8 0.0 4,686

2010
17.0 6.2 65.5 11.3 0.0 4,426

2008
35.0 4.4 41.5 19.1 0.0 1,190

2009
38.6 3.9 35.1 22.5 0.0 1,027

2010
32.5 5.0 37.5 25.0 0.0 776

2011

37.0
2.9
38.1
22.0
0.0
759

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.7 2.8 79.0 17.5 0.0 2,276

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 20.1 79.9 0.0 493

2009
0.7 3.0 76.4 19.9 0.0 1,916

2010
0.7 2.6 74.7 21.9 0.0 1,774

2011
0.5 4.5 74.2 20.8 0.0 1,546

2009
23.9 76.1 0.0 489

2010
22.4 77.6 0.0 496

2011
23.8 76.2 0.0 420

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.0 14.7 61.3 8.0 0.0 75

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

18.7 30.8 38.3 12.1 0.0 107 15.7 26.5 47.1 10.8 0.0 102 15.9 26.1 46.6 11.4 0.0 88

2008
21.4 14.3 59.5 4.8 0.0 42

Asian 2009 2010

19.4 0.0 77.8 2.8 0.0 36 21.7 0.0 67.4 10.9 0.0 46

Black 2011
0.0 13.0 82.6 4.3 0.0 23

2008
21.5 6.3 64.6 7.6 0.0 741

2009
22.3 5.5 61.5 10.7 0.0 655

2010
20.3 4.3 65.8 9.6 0.0 635

2011
26.4 6.0 57.8 9.8 0.0 564

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 16 30.8 23.1 46.2 0.0 0.0 13 25.0 0.0 62.5 12.5 0.0 16 16.7 33.3 50.0 0.0 0.0 12

2008
16.8 1.3 77.8 4.1 0.0 387

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

22.4 7.2 63.8 6.6 0.0 362 18.4 5.1 68.2 8.3 0.0 412

2011
20.0 7.9 64.7 7.4 0.0 431

2008
16.8 6.1 66.5 10.6 0.0 3,711

White 2009 2010

18.4 6.5 63.3 11.8 0.0 3,086 15.0 6.5 65.5 13.0 0.0 2,783

2011
18.1 7.4 63.4 11.1 0.0 2,808

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.6 4.0 71.0 4.4 0.0 427

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

17.1 4.8 72.4 5.7 0.0 315 16.5 3.5 74.4 5.6 0.0 285

2011
18.2 4.5 74.7 2.5 0.0 198

2008
46.8 1.8 45.9 5.5 0.0 109

Two or More Races 2009 2010

38.3 2.1 46.8 12.8 0.0 94 37.2 5.1 50.4 7.3 0.0 137

2011
37.3 9.9 47.9 4.9 0.0 142

2008
12.5 8.3 75.0 4.2 0.0 24

Missing Data 2009 2010

11.1 5.6 72.2 11.1 0.0 18 10.0 10.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 10

2011
11.1 0.0 77.8 11.1 0.0 9

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

IOWA | OUTCOMES DATA | 135

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 58.8 29.7 6.1 2.6 2.7 0.0 3,703

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
59.4 29.2 6.7 2.1 2.6 0.0 2,946

2010
63.6 26.1 6.2 1.9 2.2 0.0 2,899

2011
59.4 30.7 5.7 1.6 2.5 0.0 2,674 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
76.7 13.9 8.5 0.9 4,544

2009
77.2 11.9 9.9 0.9 4,735

2010
77.5 11.6 10.3 0.6 4,618

2011
77.6 11.9 9.8 0.7 4,296

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 9.1 45.9 33.0 7.3 4.7 0.0 1,013

2009
7.2 47.3 29.2 11.1 5.1 0.0 917

2010
10.5 48.9 26.2 7.6 6.8 0.0 752

2011
8.3 48.9 27.7 9.2 5.9 0.0 848

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 88.6 11.4 0.0 5,678 87.9 12.1 0.0 5,632 88.3 11.7 0.0 5,631 87.5 12.5 0.0 5,268

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
60.9 39.1 0.0 3,596 60.9 39.1 0.0 2,973 61.3 38.7 0.0 3,001 64.3 35.7 0.0 3,150

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

27.4 72.6 0.0 3,026 26.0 74.0 0.0 2,678 25.7 74.3 0.0 2,342 26.5 73.5 0.0 2,207

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 18 100.0 0.0 0.0 13 100.0 0.0 0.0 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 23

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.0 1.2 96.8 0.0 2,478

2009
2.7 1.2 96.1 0.0 2,782

2010
2.2 1.1 96.7 0.0 2,869

2011
2.5 1.3 96.3 0.0 2,680

IOWA | OUTCOMES DATA | 136

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 115.9 67.1

2009
112.7 67.9

2010
117.6 73.9

2011
108.4 70.6

7.9

8.0

6.7

7.7

46.0 13.6

42.7 15.2

44.6 16.0

40.1 17.5

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 141.6 55.0 22.8 25.0

2009
135.0 54.5 23.4 24.8

2010
133.9 59.4 21.9 21.6

2011
138.0 57.2 22.2 26.3

8.3

7.4

5.3

7.8

71.9

69.2

70.7

69.5

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 132.6 33.2 97.1

2009
131.4 30.9 96.7

2010
125.2 27.9 96.7

2011
136.3 34.5 96.8

36.8

34.8

35.8

35.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 94.0 87.0 61.0 27.6

2009
93.3 86.6 60.9 26.0

2010
93.3 87.1 61.2 25.8

2011
94.8 86.4 64.4 26.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

IOWA | OUTCOMES DATA | 137

Iowa

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Wendy Rickman, Administrator Division of Adult Child and Family Services Department of Human Services

The following are Iowas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. The Iowa Department of Human Services is continuing to see improvements in the outcomes for the children and families we serve. Family team meetings, court leadership and reductions in disproportionality are just a few of the areas where Iowa has continued to excel. Substance abuse treatment, declining IV-E funding, and caseloads are among the key areas that challenge our system. Race/Ethnicity: Section B (Child Maltreatment Data): The number of child victims began to increase in 2009 and continued through 2011. The economic downturn and the soft recovery are the most likely driving factors in the increase. State efforts to improve reporting of race and ethnicity have resulted in an approximate 10% reduction in the amount of missing data. Section C (Children in Foster Care): Iowas foster care population has continued to decline in the face of the economic downturn and the increase in child abuse victims. This illustrates the success the State has seen in redesigning the child welfare system in Iowa. In particular, Iowa has worked to reduce the need for removal and better support families in their own homes when problems occur and to resolve the problems quickly so that children who are removed can be returned to the home or other permanent placements more quickly. Sections D and E (Adoption): Iowas population of children who are adopted annually has begun to level off after initially declining as the foster care population decreased. It is still too early to tell if the adoption rate will continue to level off or fall going forward. Outcome Measure 1.1: Iowas top priority is child safety. We have continued to focus on strengthening risk and safety assessment, developing strong safety plans, and engaging providers in safety and risk discussions. Outcome Measure 3.1: In Iowa the number of children exiting from care has continued to decline in step with the reduced number of children in foster care. This trend is expected to continue as the State takes more steps to strengthen efforts to prevent removal. Outcome Measure 3: One of our more significant challenges remains the number of children, especially those under age 12, that remain in foster care until emancipation. We expect statewide efforts to better engage relatives, strengthen family interaction, and focus on permanent family connections as an integral part of transition planning to contribute to successful pathways to permanency for this population. Outcome Measure 4.2: The number of children re-entering foster care continues to be a challenge in Iowa. The State is focusing on engaging relatives and increasing the use of family team meetings as part of our strategy to move foster children to more lasting permanent settings.

IOWA | STATE COMMENT | 138

Kansas

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 700,577 0.9 2.2 7.1 <.1 14.3 72.1 3.2 14.5

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
726,079 0.8 2.4 6.5 <.1 16.9 68.6 4.8 18.4

2009
704,951 0.9 2.3 7.1 <.1 14.8 71.5 3.3 17.6

2011
723,922 0.8 2.4 6.5 <.1 17.2 68.1 4.9 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,685 5.0 6,329 721

2009
1,363 4.5 5,701 836

2010
1,552 4.9 5,989 694

2011
1,809 4.7 5,858 781

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 66 6,398 9,648 73 32,285 44,170

2009
89 8,225 9,283 77 44,824 57,841

2010
93 7,466 8,002 79 43,302 54,488

2011
93 7,434 7,991 81 43,922 54,414

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 25,031 1,685 10

2008

Rate

Number
26,645 1,363 8

2009

Rate

Number
26,155 1,552 6

2010

Rate

Number
31,036 1,809 10

2011

Rate

35.7 per 1,000 2.4 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

37.8 per 1,000 1.9 per 1,000 1.1 per 100,000

36.0 per 1,000 2.1 per 1,000 0.8 per 100,000

42.9 per 1,000 2.5 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 8.6 6.2 6.6 7.1 6.6 6.1 7.4 7.1 5.3 5.3 4.6 3.7 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.6 4.2 1.8 <.1 0.2 1,685

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
9.0 6.7 6.2 6.4 7.3 6.7 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.6 3.8 4.3 4.3 5.4 5.7 4.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 1,363

2010
8.6 6.1 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.9 7.0 5.7 4.7 5.2 5.5 4.2 5.6 4.0 4.9 4.3 3.4 2.3 0.0 0.1 1,552

2011
6.2 5.9 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.7 6.1 6.9 4.3 6.1 4.3 5.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 3.2 2.1 0.3 0.2 1,809 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.4 0.4 13.6 0.1 6.5 75.3 3.0 0.7 1,685

2009
0.7 0.7 12.8 0.0 8.4 73.1 3.2 1.2 1,363

2010
0.5 0.1 13.7 <.1 10.9 70.9 3.4 0.4 1,552

2011
0.8 0.8 11.2 <.1 11.9 69.4 5.5 0.2 1,809

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
KANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 139

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 10.9 2.0 22.2 19.5 31.8 0.0 22.2 1,685

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
9.9 2.2 21.6 21.6 33.5 0.0 19.1 1,552

2009
10.2 3.1 17.1 21.5 34.6 0.0 22.5 1,363

2011
10.7 1.8 16.6 19.8 37.6 0.0 20.8 1,809 Mean Median

2008
61.2 >24 but<48

2009
60.8 >48 but<72

2010
62.7 >24 but<48

2011
63.7 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 6,592 11.7 6,169 13.4 5,601 13.8 5,899 12.2

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,496 N/A 3,147 N/A 3,560 N/A 3,428 N/A

2008
3,759 15.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,615 16.9 3,172 15.8 3,469 15.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,329 13.5 5,701 14.1 5,989 12.2 5,858 12.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.6 6.7 6.4 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.9 6.0 7.9 9.4 9.6 1.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.0 7.7 6.3 6.0 4.9 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.6 5.6 7.4 9.1 9.6 0.7 <.1 0.0 <.1 4.9 6.5 6.3 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.7 5.9 7.8 9.0 9.2 0.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.0 6.8 6.5 6.3 5.7 4.9 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.6 5.5 7.4 8.3 8.6 0.5 <.1 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.7 6.2 5.4 4.9 5.5 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.1 5.1 6.5 8.7 8.5 4.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 13.9 6.2 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.7 3.0 3.4 4.2 5.0 6.9 9.5 8.6 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 6.9 6.5 6.3 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.2 3.9 5.1 6.2 7.6 6.8 5.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2 6.7 6.9 6.2 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.9 5.3 6.2 7.4 7.2 4.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
2.0 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.3 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.1 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.6 5.6 7.5 10.4 11.6 0.2 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.3 7.1 7.1 6.0 5.6 4.6 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.6 2.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.9 8.0 14.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 6.1 7.2 5.8 5.1 4.8 5.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.6 7.0 10.9 10.9 0.3 <.1 0.0 2.2 6.3 6.9 6.6 5.9 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.5 4.1 3.0 4.5 5.3 6.9 12.9 6.7 <.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.0 7.6 6.2 6.0 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.7 4.7 5.7 7.5 9.2 9.4 0.9 <.1 0.0 <.1 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.8 6.1 7.8 9.0 9.1 0.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.0 6.7 6.5 6.3 5.8 4.9 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.5 7.3 8.3 8.5 0.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.8 7.1 6.6 6.6 5.9 5.3 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.6 5.7 6.6 8.2 7.8 0.4 <.1 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.8 0.4 20.2 <.1 8.2 66.8 2.9 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.3 20.4 0.1 8.4 66.4 3.2 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.4 20.4 <.1 9.6 64.1 4.4 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.4 18.0 <.1 11.1 64.4 5.4 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.5 0.1 17.9 0.1 7.5 71.3 1.9 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.8 16.4 <.1 9.8 68.9 2.9 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.4 15.0 <.1 10.8 68.6 3.8 0.3 0.0 1.1 0.6 13.1 0.2 13.0 67.1 4.9 <.1 0.0

2008
0.5 0.3 17.5 <.1 8.0 70.4 2.3 0.9 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.6 0.6 16.5 <.1 8.8 70.5 2.7 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.6 18.7 <.1 9.2 66.0 3.9 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 14.9 <.1 12.7 66.4 4.7 0.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.8 0.3 20.5 0.1 7.9 67.2 2.6 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.4 20.6 0.1 8.9 65.2 3.3 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.4 18.1 <.1 10.6 65.8 4.3 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.5 16.9 0.1 11.2 64.8 5.5 <.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 140

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,971 1,302

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,855 1,244

2010
1,827 1,293

2011
1,816 1,265
Total children adopted

2008
721

2009
836

2010
694

2011
781

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.1 9.2 7.1 8.0 5.4 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.4 6.0 5.9 6.8 5.0 2.9

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.6 6.8 8.0 7.4 7.0 7.1 5.1 6.6 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.0 4.9 6.1 5.2 6.6 3.8 1.7

2009
2.7 7.1 8.9 7.0 7.5 5.7 6.6 5.9 5.1 4.9 5.4 4.7 5.3 4.7 6.1 6.2 4.4 1.7

2011
2.9 8.3 8.1 6.3 6.7 6.5 5.9 5.1 6.3 5.9 4.7 5.0 6.4 5.2 6.1 4.8 4.1 1.6 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.1 10.3 11.4 11.7 8.3 7.5 6.7 6.9 5.8 5.0 4.3 5.0 2.4 4.3 3.5 3.1 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

2009
1.3 13.3 15.2 10.9 9.3 7.1 7.1 5.9 5.9 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

2010
2.0 9.5 15.0 11.2 10.4 7.9 8.6 5.3 5.3 4.8 3.9 3.3 3.6 2.0 2.6 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
0.6 8.5 12.0 11.3 9.7 8.1 7.4 6.9 6.8 5.5 5.5 3.6 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.7 0.4 24.7 <.1 7.5 62.5 3.3 0.8 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.1 21.6 0.1 4.0 69.5 3.2 1.2 0.0

2009
0.8 <.1 25.8 0.3 8.4 60.3 3.9 0.5 0.0

2010
0.9 <.1 22.5 <.1 9.3 62.3 4.8 <.1 0.0

2011
1.0 0.3 22.7 0.0 9.8 59.6 6.6 0.0 0.0

2009
1.2 0.2 19.9 0.1 9.2 65.2 3.7 0.5 0.0

2010
0.3 0.0 25.1 0.1 7.8 62.1 4.3 0.3 0.0

2011
0.9 0.0 17.2 0.1 11.5 65.0 5.2 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KANSAS | CONTEXT DATA | 141

Kansas

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.5 3.5 800

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.99 10,088

2009
98.5 1.5 600

2010
97.3 2.7 633

2011
94.0 6.0 697

2009
<.1 99.95 9,316

2010
<.1 99.91 9,161

2011
0.11 99.89 9,327

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.6 8.7 57.0 15.7 <.1 3,759

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
22.5 8.3 54.4 14.7 0.1 3,469 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
22.8 7.1 54.0 16.0 <.1 3,615

2010
21.7 7.5 53.9 16.8 <.1 3,172

2008
42.3 7.5 33.6 16.6 0.0 1,034

2009
43.6 4.9 31.8 19.8 0.0 1,154

2010
38.1 6.4 35.6 19.8 0.0 1,025

2011
41.7
6.3
33.7
18.3
0.0
1,246

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.0 7.7 54.1 37.1 <.1 1,291

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 15.5 84.5 0.0 489

2009
1.1 7.0 53.3 38.5 0.2 1,224

2010
1.2 8.1 49.8 40.6 0.3 1,073

2011
1.8 9.7 51.3 36.9 0.4 1,098

2009
17.0 83.0 0.0 476

2010
15.9 84.1 0.0 454

2011
19.8 80.2 0.0 444

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 5.0 20.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 20

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

45.5 0.0 27.3 27.3 0.0 22 5.4 0.0 70.3 24.3 0.0 37 25.9 3.7 48.1 22.2 0.0 27

2008
7.7 7.7 61.5 23.1 0.0 13

Asian 2009 2010

10.0 15.0 60.0 15.0 0.0 20 0.0 11.1 66.7 22.2 0.0 18

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 12

2008
23.4 9.3 48.5 18.8 0.0 658

2009
27.3 6.0 48.5 18.0 0.2 596

2010
29.3 6.2 46.0 18.4 0.2 594

2011
25.9 7.5 45.5 20.5 0.6 517

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 33.3 0.0 0.0 66.7 0.0 3 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 3 50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 2 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
9.7 6.0 62.7 21.7 0.0 300

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

24.3 6.6 49.5 19.6 0.0 317 18.5 3.8 55.5 21.6 0.7 292

2011
20.5 4.1 63.0 12.5 0.0 440

2008
18.2 8.9 58.4 14.4 <.1 2,645

White 2009 2010

21.2 7.6 55.8 15.3 <.1 2,548 20.3 8.3 55.7 15.7 0.0 2,094

2011
22.0 9.5 54.3 14.1 <.1 2,305

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 26.5 2.9 64.7 5.9 0.0 34

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

10.0 0.0 80.0 10.0 0.0 10 20.0 0.0 40.0 40.0 0.0 10

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
25.6 8.1 58.1 8.1 0.0 86

Two or More Races 2009 2010

31.3 3.0 56.6 9.1 0.0 99 24.0 12.8 52.0 11.2 0.0 125

2011
25.3 6.8 59.3 8.6 0.0 162

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 142

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 55.2 34.9 7.4 1.4 0.9 <.1 2,142

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
51.7 35.5 10.0 1.9 0.9 0.0 1,952

2010
57.7 32.5 7.3 1.3 1.1 <.1 1,709

2011
53.3 38.2 6.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 1,887 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
86.8 5.0 7.7 0.5 3,496

2009
82.5 6.5 10.6 0.4 3,147

2010
84.7 5.6 9.6 0.1 3,560

2011
85.2 4.2 10.6 <.1 3,428

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.0 26.9 34.2 20.3 16.5 0.0 698

2009
2.7 35.3 32.6 14.7 14.8 0.0 825

2010
3.8 27.1 40.2 16.8 12.0 0.0 689

2011
1.9 24.1 37.4 23.0 13.6 0.0 779

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 75.3 24.1 0.7 4,274 78.5 21.0 0.5 3,823 82.5 17.2 0.3 4,211 83.4 16.0 0.6 4,168

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
49.3 47.3 3.4 3,086 52.3 45.5 2.2 2,684 56.7 43.3 0.0 2,355 63.4 36.4 0.1 2,696

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.7 70.5 3.8 2,704 28.8 69.8 1.4 2,775 27.7 72.3 <.1 2,579 27.3 72.6 <.1 2,456

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

91.7 8.3 0.0 24 88.2 8.8 2.9 34 75.0 25.0 0.0 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 7

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.3 1.1 98.5 0.0 2,287

2009
<.1 1.0 98.9 <.1 2,014

2010
0.1 1.3 98.6 0.0 2,436

2011
<.1 0.7 99.2 0.0 2,376

KANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 143

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 124.7 69.5

2009
116.9 63.2

2010
117.3 67.2

2011
121.6 67.8

8.2

9.0

8.8

9.0

36.9 8.1

35.3 7.4

34.3 8.8

33.9 8.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 100.3 28.9 30.8 25.2

2009
112.0 37.9 27.9 27.4

2010
107.2 30.9 29.4 25.2

2011
112.2 26.1 31.3 31.1

9.5

15.6

16.8

18.4

44.4

42.6

41.6

41.5

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 127.8 32.1 88.3

2009
132.1 33.7 89.0

2010
127.7 30.5 87.1

2011
135.5 36.1 89.4

32.7

30.3

31.8

32.6

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 80.8 75.2 51.2 26.9

2009
84.9 78.3 53.4 29.5

2010
89.0 82.1 56.7 27.8

2011
92.7 83.3 63.6 27.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

KANSAS | OUTCOMES DATA | 144

Kansas

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Gina Meier-Hummel, Director
Prevention & Protection Services
Department for Children and Families

The following are Kansass comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Section B (Child Maltreatment Data): The total number of all child reports received increased by 7% from FFY 2010 to 2011. The number of children subject of an investigative report alleging child maltreatment increased by nearly 19% from FFY 2010 to 2011. With this increase, there was an increase in the number of child maltreatment victims from FFY 2010. In FFY 2010, Kansass Protection Report Center was consolidated into two units, from six units. With this consolidation, practice, policy and training for staff regarding initial assessment decisions were made more consistent. Section 1.1 (Outcomes Data): Recurrence of maltreatment within 6 months performance has decreased from FFY 2010 to 2011.

KANSAS | STATE COMMENT | 145

Kentucky

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
18,252 5.6 7,389 772

2009
17,470 5.3 7,119 842

2010
18,332 5.4 7,023 754

2011
18,251 5.0 6,779 818

1,015,949 1,014,323 1,023,118 1,020,955 0.2 1.1 9.4 <.1 4.3 82.7 2.3 23.5 0.2 1.1 9.4 <.1 4.5 82.3 2.3 25.6 0.2 1.3 9.1 <.1 4.9 81.1 3.4 26.3 0.2 1.3 9.1 <.1 5.1 80.7 3.4 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 38 4,034 10,640 96 21,453 22,406

2009
52 5,322 10,330 97 32,016 33,160

2010
69 6,776 9,854 98 45,316 46,206

2011
68 6,585 9,616 98 45,408 46,166

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 77,119 18,252 22

2008

Rate

Number
73,029 17,470 34

2009

Rate

Number
74,864 18,332 30

2010

Rate

Number
74,945 18,251 32

2011

Rate

75.9 per 1,000 18.0 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

72.0 per 1,000 17.2 per 1,000 3.4 per 100,000

73.2 per 1,000 17.9 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

73.4 per 1,000 17.9 per 1,000 3.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.4 8.2 7.3 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.2 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.4 3.7 2.2 <.1 0.1 18,252

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.2 8.3 7.8 7.0 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.4 2.3 <.1 0.1 17,470

2010
13.1 8.1 7.6 7.4 6.2 6.3 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.5 2.6 0.0 0.1 18,332

2011
13.7 8.0 8.1 7.6 7.0 6.5 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.9 2.1 <.1 0.1 18,251 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 <.1 11.8 <.1 2.0 70.7 2.2 13.2 18,252

2009
<.1 0.1 10.4 <.1 2.6 69.8 2.3 14.7 17,470

2010
<.1 <.1 10.3 <.1 2.3 69.6 2.7 14.9 18,332

2011
<.1 0.1 11.4 <.1 2.9 63.9 2.5 19.0 18,251

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
KENTUCKY | CONTEXT DATA | 146

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.4 87.9 10.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 18,252

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.4 89.6 7.9 4.2 0.0 0.0 18,332

2009
0.4 88.3 9.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 17,470

2011
0.2 89.8 8.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 18,251 Mean Median

2008
43.8 <24

2009
38.4 <24

2010
42.3 <24

2011
48.0 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,001 12.6 6,934 12.9 6,650 12.9 6,703 12.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,718 N/A 5,368 N/A 5,497 N/A 5,098 N/A

2008
5,330 8.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5,183 9.4 5,124 9.2 5,022 9.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,389 12.2 7,119 12.6 7,023 12.2 6,779 12.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 6.5 5.6 4.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.8 6.9 9.2 11.5 11.4 0.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.8 6.1 4.7 4.5 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.8 6.2 8.8 11.1 12.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 6.8 6.1 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.7 4.5 5.7 8.2 11.1 12.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.3 6.8 6.8 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.6 5.1 7.9 9.4 11.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.5 6.3 5.5 5.1 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.4 5.2 6.8 8.6 9.4 6.9 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 6.5 6.0 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.7 4.3 6.0 8.5 9.2 7.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 6.9 5.9 5.6 4.5 4.9 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.6 5.9 7.1 8.4 7.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 6.6 6.1 5.7 5.5 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.7 4.8 5.9 7.4 8.1 7.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
6.6 6.8 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.3 4.2 5.7 7.6 12.2 9.4 0.3 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.7 6.8 7.2 5.8 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 4.4 5.5 6.8 8.3 14.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 5.5 6.9 6.1 5.7 5.0 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.3 3.9 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 4.2 4.8 6.9 13.5 8.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.8 6.9 6.6 5.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 5.4 6.5 16.8 3.8 <.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.9 6.9 6.1 4.8 4.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.8 4.8 6.3 8.8 11.2 12.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.8 6.1 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.8 4.4 5.6 8.2 10.8 12.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 6.7 6.7 5.6 4.9 4.6 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.5 5.1 7.8 9.5 11.8 1.7 0.1 0.0 <.1 5.8 6.2 6.3 6.4 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.5 5.9 6.9 9.5 10.4 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 <.1 18.0 0.2 3.6 71.0 5.4 1.6 0.0 0.1 <.1 17.0 0.1 4.3 71.7 4.7 2.0 0.0 0.1 <.1 15.4 <.1 4.4 73.7 4.6 1.6 0.0 <.1 <.1 14.2 <.1 4.5 74.1 5.3 1.7 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 <.1 13.8 <.1 4.1 75.7 3.5 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 13.0 0.1 4.0 76.7 3.4 2.5 <.1 <.1 0.2 12.4 <.1 4.7 75.7 4.5 2.4 <.1 <.1 <.1 12.1 <.1 5.6 73.9 3.8 3.6 0.8

2008
<.1 <.1 15.2 <.1 3.2 75.0 4.4 2.0 0.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.1 15.3 0.1 4.0 74.2 3.9 2.3 <.1 0.1 0.2 13.4 <.1 4.7 75.2 4.0 2.2 <.1 <.1 <.1 13.8 <.1 4.9 73.5 4.7 2.6 0.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 <.1 16.8 0.1 4.2 71.8 4.7 2.2 0.0 <.1 <.1 15.3 0.1 4.3 73.7 4.2 2.2 <.1 <.1 <.1 14.5 <.1 4.4 74.2 4.9 1.8 <.1 <.1 <.1 13.0 0.1 5.1 74.4 4.6 2.4 0.4

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KENTUCKY | CONTEXT DATA | 147

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
2,127 1,445

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,082 1,187

2010
1,952 1,233

2011
1,920 1,098
Total children adopted

2008
772

2009
842

2010
754

2011
818

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.9 6.6 6.3 5.9 5.4 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.5 5.3 6.1 6.3 8.9 8.8 7.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.1 5.8 7.9 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.0 3.8 4.8 4.7 5.9 5.9 7.1 8.2 5.9

2009
1.1 6.6 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 5.4 4.3 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.6 6.4 8.0 9.0 7.3

2011
1.5 5.6 7.7 7.2 5.9 5.5 5.8 4.4 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 5.7 5.4 6.4 7.3 7.3 5.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.4 11.1 12.8 10.1 8.9 6.3 6.1 5.2 6.1 4.5 4.4 5.1 3.4 3.4 2.3 3.4 3.9 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.0

2009
0.6 10.7 12.7 11.0 7.2 6.8 5.6 4.6 6.3 4.9 5.1 4.2 4.6 3.2 3.7 3.4 2.5 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
0.8 8.9 10.6 10.3 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.2 5.3 7.2 5.3 4.2 3.8 4.9 2.9 2.8 4.8 2.7 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
0.2 6.8 12.3 11.2 10.1 8.1 6.7 6.0 5.0 5.4 3.3 3.7 5.3 2.2 2.4 3.5 3.8 3.1 0.7 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.0 18.5 0.4 4.2 69.0 5.8 1.9 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.1 13.6 0.0 5.4 71.9 7.5 1.3 0.0

2009
<.1 0.0 18.6 0.2 5.0 68.7 5.3 2.1 0.0

2010
0.1 0.0 14.9 0.3 4.7 72.8 5.3 1.9 0.0

2011
0.2 <.1 13.4 0.2 5.0 74.0 5.6 1.7 0.0

2009
0.0 0.1 16.3 0.7 6.4 66.4 8.1 2.0 0.0

2010
0.1 0.0 16.4 0.0 7.3 69.5 4.4 2.3 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 13.8 0.2 5.6 70.8 7.6 2.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KENTUCKY | CONTEXT DATA | 148

Kentucky

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.2 5.8 7,068

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.24 99.76 12,719

2009
94.7 5.3 6,813

2010
94.7 5.3 7,290

2011
94.9 5.1 7,002

2009
0.45 99.55 12,302

2010
0.47 99.53 12,147

2011
0.34 99.66 11,801

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 14.1 0.4 69.3 16.2 0.0 5,330

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
16.3 0.9 69.1 13.6 0.0 5,022 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.6 0.2 66.8 17.4 0.0 5,183

2010
14.7 0.8 68.7 15.8 0.0 5,124

2008
21.6 0.0 48.3 30.0 0.0 416

2009
22.4 0.0 47.2 30.4 0.0 483

2010
21.2 0.5 51.4 26.9 0.0 562

2011

28.2
0.7
49.3
21.9
0.0
735

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.6 0.5 61.5 36.4 0.0 1,975

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 14.8 85.2 0.0 806

2009
1.4 0.1 58.8 39.6 0.0 1,910

2010
1.4 1.0 58.8 38.7 0.0 1,822

2011
2.7 0.8 61.7 34.9 0.0 1,698

2009
14.8 85.2 0.0 865

2010
12.3 87.7 0.0 779

2011
12.9 87.1 0.0 658

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 71.4 28.6 0.0 7 14.3 0.0 28.6 57.1 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 2

Asian 2009 2010

14.3 0.0 71.4 14.3 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 10

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5

2008
12.7 0.1 64.6 22.5 0.0 808

2009
16.6 0.0 61.4 22.0 0.0 791

2010
18.0 0.9 60.5 20.6 0.0 689

2011
16.4 0.9 65.4 17.4 0.0 691

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
23.8 0.6 66.3 9.3 0.0 172

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

25.4 0.0 61.0 13.7 0.0 205 22.9 0.4 66.7 10.0 0.0 240

2011
18.9 0.8 70.5 9.8 0.0 244

2008
13.4 0.4 70.4 15.7 0.0 3,995

White 2009 2010

14.0 0.2 68.8 17.0 0.0 3,844 13.6 0.8 70.1 15.5 0.0 3,853

2011
15.7 0.9 69.6 13.8 0.0 3,693

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.3 2.8 81.3 6.5 0.0 107

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

14.3 0.8 78.2 6.7 0.0 119 14.8 0.9 73.0 11.3 0.0 115

2011
12.1 1.5 79.5 6.8 0.0 132

2008
25.2 0.0 62.4 12.4 0.0 234

Two or More Races 2009 2010

31.0 0.0 51.2 17.7 0.0 203 16.1 0.5 69.8 13.7 0.0 205

2011
26.5 1.3 63.2 9.0 0.0 234

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 6

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 20

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

KENTUCKY | OUTCOMES DATA | 149

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 78.8 17.2 3.0 0.7 0.3 <.1 3,693

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
76.9 16.4 4.5 1.3 0.7 0.2 3,462

2010
76.1 17.5 4.4 1.4 0.5 <.1 3,520

2011
75.0 19.3 4.1 1.0 0.7 0.0 3,472 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
78.8 10.3 10.7 0.2 5,718

2009
79.3 10.1 10.4 0.3 5,368

2010
79.4 8.6 11.8 0.1 5,497

2011
78.3 9.5 12.0 0.3 5,098

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.5 26.5 36.2 20.9 13.8 0.1 752

2009
1.9 21.8 33.2 24.0 19.2 0.0 808

2010
1.7 19.9 34.7 24.1 19.5 0.0 754

2011
0.9 20.4 37.4 23.7 17.7 0.0 820

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 87.5 12.5 0.0 6,856 86.6 13.4 0.0 6,423 88.4 11.2 0.5 6,460 88.4 11.2 0.4 6,080

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
61.9 38.1 0.0 2,689 60.1 39.9 0.0 2,612 61.9 37.8 0.3 2,541 64.4 35.4 0.2 2,708

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

27.6 72.4 0.0 3,156 29.6 70.4 0.0 3,224 31.3 68.7 <.1 3,121 32.8 67.1 <.1 2,985

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 18 100.0 0.0 0.0 43 100.0 0.0 0.0 25 100.0 0.0 0.0 28

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.0 8.5 91.5 0.0 3,586

2009
<.1 5.7 94.2 0.0 3,424

2010
0.0 5.4 94.6 0.0 3,616

2011
0.0 5.1 94.9 0.0 3,344

KENTUCKY | OUTCOMES DATA | 150

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 135.1 82.4

2009
134.4 79.5

2010
134.3 79.9

2011
134.9 78.9

3.9

4.4

4.2

4.5

55.7 14.0

55.0 13.6

52.5 13.5

51.5 12.8

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 113.4 29.0 31.7 22.1

2009
121.6 23.6 33.4 24.9

2010
120.3 21.6 32.7 25.1

2011
114.6 21.2 32.6 28.2

18.5

16.2

19.6

20.7

52.1

55.2

59.7

58.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 116.2 26.1 82.6

2009
110.7 30.7 82.5

2010
120.1 29.8 86.2

2011
118.3 32.8 87.7

31.9

30.8

31.1

30.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 94.7 86.4 62.1 27.7

2009
93.8 85.6 60.1 29.7

2010
96.7 87.7 62.1 31.5

2011
98.5 87.6 64.5 33.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

KENTUCKY | OUTCOMES DATA | 151

Louisiana

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
10,173 3.0 5,102 596

2009
9,660 3.2 4,794 578

2010
8,848 3.0 4,451 641

2011
10,118 3.4 4,577 581

1,120,742 1,123,386 1,116,293 1,118,196 0.6 1.4 37.6 <.1 4.2 54.1 1.9 24.7 0.6 1.5 37.5 <.1 4.5 53.9 2.0 24.2 0.7 1.4 37.9 <.1 4.9 52.6 2.3 27.3 0.7 1.5 37.7 <.1 5.2 52.4 2.5 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 61 223 368 89 1,461 1,645

2009
80 291 363 98 2,013 2,061

2010
86 316 369 99 2,268 2,292

2011
83 304 365 98 2,077 2,112

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 34,420 10,173 30

2008

Rate

Number
37,255 9,660 40

2009

Rate

Number
35,443 8,848 30

2010

Rate

Number
43,486 10,118 45

2011

Rate

30.7 per 1,000 9.1 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

33.2 per 1,000 8.6 per 1,000 3.6 per 100,000

31.8 per 1,000 7.9 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

38.9 per 1,000 9.0 per 1,000 4.0 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 15.6 7.1 7.2 6.6 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.6 5.6 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.6 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 10,173

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
14.5 7.4 7.2 6.7 6.8 6.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.4 1.4 0.0 <.1 9,660

2010
15.9 7.5 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.7 1.6 0.0 <.1 8,848

2011
16.9 6.9 7.1 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2 3.6 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.9 1.9 0.0 <.1 10,118 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.2 0.2 45.0 <.1 1.9 49.3 1.3 2.1 10,173

2009
0.3 0.2 44.1 <.1 2.1 50.1 1.1 2.1 9,660

2010
0.1 0.3 44.4 <.1 2.0 50.1 1.3 1.8 8,848

2011
0.1 0.1 44.8 <.1 2.2 49.6 1.6 1.6 10,118

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
LOUISIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 152

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.8 77.5 26.4 7.3 0.0 0.4 10,173

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.8 77.2 25.8 7.2 0.0 0.6 8,848

2009
0.8 77.7 26.3 7.3 0.0 0.4 9,660

2011
0.6 76.9 26.5 8.8 0.0 0.6 10,118 Mean Median

2008
170.9 >48 but<72

2009
183.6 >24 but<48

2010
167.2 >48 but<72

2011
195.7 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 5,184 12.8 4,854 13.4 4,783 12.2 4,353 12.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,384 N/A 3,586 N/A 3,297 N/A 3,757 N/A

2008
3,466 12.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,660 11.7 3,629 11.4 3,533 11.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,102 13.1 4,794 12.4 4,451 12.9 4,577 10.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.8 7.9 8.1 7.1 6.1 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.4 4.4 5.5 6.4 7.9 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.8 8.2 7.3 6.1 5.5 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 4.5 5.7 6.2 7.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 9.4 8.3 7.0 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.0 5.0 5.9 7.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 8.8 9.2 7.7 6.2 5.5 5.6 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.5 3.1 3.8 4.1 4.1 5.7 6.5 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.8 7.9 7.3 6.4 5.4 4.8 4.1 4.6 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.6 4.8 5.8 6.7 6.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.5 8.9 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.2 5.1 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.9 6.0 6.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 8.2 7.1 6.3 5.8 6.0 5.2 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.5 4.3 4.5 6.1 5.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 7.5 7.1 6.5 6.5 6.3 4.7 4.6 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 4.4 5.3 5.7 5.6 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.4 7.8 7.6 8.3 6.5 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.9 5.2 5.5 6.9 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.1 8.4 8.1 8.3 6.7 5.5 5.6 4.0 4.1 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.7 3.7 4.2 6.4 6.7 4.5 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 7.9 8.0 7.7 6.8 6.6 4.5 5.1 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.9 4.0 4.7 5.3 8.5 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 7.6 8.6 7.4 7.4 6.4 5.6 5.0 4.9 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.3 5.5 5.0 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.2 8.7 8.1 7.1 6.1 5.4 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 4.5 5.9 6.7 7.3 7.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 9.5 8.3 7.2 6.3 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.2 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 5.0 5.7 6.3 5.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.8 9.1 7.7 6.2 5.5 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.8 4.1 4.1 5.6 6.6 6.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 8.2 8.1 8.0 6.8 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.1 3.9 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 5.0 5.0 6.6 6.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.1 48.2 <.1 1.4 47.7 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 49.2 <.1 1.7 46.1 1.5 1.2 0.0 0.4 <.1 48.7 <.1 1.6 46.4 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 46.5 0.0 1.7 47.6 2.2 1.4 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.4 0.1 49.8 <.1 2.2 44.6 1.4 1.5 0.0 0.2 <.1 48.2 <.1 2.1 46.0 1.5 1.8 0.0 <.1 0.3 46.6 <.1 2.2 47.3 1.6 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 47.8 <.1 2.3 46.8 1.3 1.5 0.0

2008
0.2 0.1 47.9 0.1 1.8 47.5 1.2 1.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.1 49.9 <.1 2.3 45.0 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 49.2 <.1 1.7 46.2 1.0 1.4 0.0 0.3 <.1 47.4 0.0 2.2 46.6 1.9 1.5 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 <.1 49.5 <.1 1.7 45.8 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.3 <.1 48.0 <.1 1.6 46.9 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.1 46.6 0.0 1.9 47.3 2.1 1.6 0.0 0.3 0.2 46.8 <.1 1.9 47.7 1.7 1.4 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

LOUISIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 153

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,070 749

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,096 738

2010
1,091 728

2011
1,156 806 Total children adopted

2008
596

2009
578

2010
641

2011
581

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.2 8.3 9.8 7.5 8.8 6.3 4.6 5.3 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.4 3.5 5.0 6.4 5.5 5.6 7.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.6 7.8 10.4 7.9 7.1 7.0 5.9 4.5 5.4 4.5 4.3 3.9 6.0 4.9 3.8 5.1 5.1 4.7

2009
2.0 6.7 8.8 7.9 6.8 6.3 6.0 6.4 5.8 4.4 4.2 4.9 5.1 3.7 5.7 5.7 4.9 4.5

2011
1.5 7.4 8.3 10.7 8.8 6.6 5.2 6.0 4.6 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.1 5.4 5.1 4.0 4.7 4.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.2 8.6 14.6 15.4 11.4 8.9 7.6 6.4 7.4 4.0 2.9 4.0 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.7 12.6 17.3 12.6 12.1 10.0 6.9 5.9 4.0 2.1 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.6 1.7 1.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.2 7.6 12.9 12.3 10.8 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 4.5 4.4 3.1 2.2 3.1 2.5 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.9 7.4 17.0 12.7 10.8 9.8 7.2 5.5 7.9 2.6 4.3 2.8 3.8 2.1 1.0 2.2 1.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 0.0 48.7 0.0 1.5 47.3 1.2 1.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.0 39.8 0.0 1.8 56.9 1.2 0.2 0.0

2009
0.5 <.1 49.1 0.0 1.8 44.9 2.4 1.3 0.0

2010
1.2 0.0 47.3 0.0 2.1 45.2 2.8 1.4 0.0

2011
0.5 0.3 46.6 0.0 1.9 45.6 2.6 2.4 0.0

2009
0.2 0.0 36.2 0.0 2.1 59.3 1.9 0.3 0.0

2010
0.2 0.2 47.1 0.0 1.2 50.4 0.8 0.2 0.0

2011
0.7 0.0 38.7 0.0 1.5 55.8 3.1 0.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

LOUISIANA | CONTEXT DATA | 154

Louisiana

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.5 6.5 4,665

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.47 99.53 8,568

2009
94.0 6.0 4,243

2010
95.4 4.6 4,058

2011
94.8 5.2 4,354

2009
0.71 99.29 8,440

2010
0.48 99.52 8,080

2011
0.72 99.28 8,110

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 17.1 1.1 71.7 10.2 0.0 3,466

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
18.2 1.2 72.3 8.3 0.0 3,533 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.8 0.9 73.9 9.4 0.0 3,660

2010
17.6 1.4 73.3 7.7 0.0 3,629

2008
21.4 0.0 43.6 35.0 0.0 243

2009
27.7 0.9 49.3 22.1 0.0 339

2010
34.8 2.2 42.8 20.1 0.0 313

2011
34.3
1.4
40.0
24.3
0.0
280

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.4 1.4 67.0 31.3 0.0 787

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 31.4 68.6 0.0 280

2009
0.7 1.1 75.8 22.4 0.0 935

2010
0.2 1.2 75.7 22.8 0.0 815

2011
1.7 2.1 70.5 25.7 0.0 762

2009
39.6 60.4 0.0 293

2010
32.0 68.0 0.0 244

2011
31.6 68.4 0.0 237

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.7 0.0 66.7 16.7 0.0 6

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4 36.4 0.0 54.5 9.1 0.0 11

2008
0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 20.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 5 14.3 0.0 71.4 14.3 0.0 7

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2008
14.2 1.1 71.5 13.3 0.0 1,660

2009
11.4 1.0 75.8 11.8 0.0 1,825

2010
16.8 1.2 73.7 8.3 0.0 1,787

2011
14.7 1.0 74.8 9.5 0.0 1,675

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
17.5 3.2 73.0 6.3 0.0 63

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

14.5 0.0 83.1 2.4 0.0 83 12.7 0.0 81.0 6.3 0.0 63

2011
11.7 0.0 77.9 10.4 0.0 77

2008
20.4 0.9 71.2 7.5 0.0 1,647

White 2009 2010

20.8 0.6 71.1 7.5 0.0 1,646 19.3 1.7 72.0 7.0 0.0 1,677

2011
22.0 1.2 69.5 7.3 0.0 1,648

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.6 0.0 92.3 5.1 0.0 39

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

4.3 4.3 87.2 4.3 0.0 47 2.0 2.0 88.2 7.8 0.0 51

2011
1.9 7.7 84.6 5.8 0.0 52

2008
17.1 4.9 70.7 7.3 0.0 41

Two or More Races 2009 2010

25.5 6.4 68.1 0.0 0.0 47 13.2 0.0 76.3 10.5 0.0 38

2011
32.8 0.0 62.7 4.5 0.0 67

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

LOUISIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 155

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 66.2 26.3 4.3 1.6 1.2 0.3 2,484

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
65.7 23.6 5.1 1.4 1.1 3.1 2,706

2010
69.5 21.8 4.1 1.7 1.7 1.2 2,660

2011
71.6 21.5 4.1 1.1 1.2 0.5 2,553 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
87.0 5.9 7.2 0.0 3,384

2009
82.6 8.3 8.0 1.1 3,586

2010
83.4 6.2 9.2 1.2 3,297

2011
81.7 9.1 9.2 0.0 3,757

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.5 23.2 37.1 23.7 15.6 0.0 591

2009
1.7 26.0 37.3 24.4 10.6 0.0 577

2010
2.2 21.9 32.9 26.0 17.1 0.0 639

2011
1.9 24.5 35.9 22.7 15.1 0.0 644

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 79.7 19.1 1.2 4,141 78.9 20.3 0.8 4,201 78.5 21.1 0.4 4,046 79.1 18.9 2.1 4,387

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
54.4 45.6 0.0 2,065 54.3 45.7 0.0 1,903 51.8 48.2 0.0 1,891 56.4 43.4 0.2 1,781

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

28.3 71.7 0.0 2,353 28.3 71.7 0.0 2,253 27.8 72.2 0.0 2,097 35.7 64.3 0.0 1,918

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

77.8 0.0 22.2 9 61.4 27.7 10.8 83 71.7 26.1 2.2 46 58.3 8.3 33.3 24

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.5 1.6 97.7 0.1 2,474

2009
0.4 1.4 98.2 <.1 2,728

2010
0.3 2.1 97.7 0.0 2,515

2011
0.5 0.8 98.7 0.0 2,842

LOUISIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 156

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 123.6 65.3

2009
121.2 65.9

2010
121.6 67.5

2011
126.6 67.4

9.6

9.2

8.7

8.5

45.7 6.7

47.1 8.4

49.0 9.8

45.7 7.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 108.2 23.7 32.4 25.5

2009
128.1 27.7 30.7 24.7

2010
137.1 24.1 33.5 30.5

2011
144.8 26.4 31.2 31.9

11.3

13.8

16.9

21.2

53.1

55.2

67.4

61.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 97.1 30.4 92.0

2009
91.2 29.4 89.6

2010
115.4 38.3 93.4

2011
107.7 37.2 93.3

54.8

58.3

49.2

49.0

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 86.4 79.1 54.4 28.3

2009
84.5 77.7 54.3 28.3

2010
82.1 76.8 51.8 27.8

2011
88.7 78.6 56.5 35.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

LOUISIANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 157

Louisiana

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Brent Villemarette, LCSW-BACS, Deputy Secretary
Division of Programs
Department of Children & Family Services

The following are Louisianas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Louisiana implemented Alternative Response statewide in 2009. This was followed in 2010 by implementation of a structured decision tool at intake to improve consistency in assigning accepted intakes to Investigation or Alternate Response interventions. These initiatives resulted in a decrease in the number of children reported as victims. In 2010 a statewide effort to enter closure information in the data system for a backlog of completed investigations resulted in an increase in the reported number of victims in 2011. Louisiana data for victims based on report open date do not reflect the level of increase contained in the Outcomes report for FFY 2011. Louisiana implemented a statewide Centralized Intake in July 2011. There has been an increase in the number of intakes accepted for intervention which will likely influence future Outcomes Reports. In FFY 2011 Louisiana finalized 645 Adoptions. In Louisiana youth are not considered in care on their 18th birthday. The Outcomes report indicates that 18 year olds exited care in FFY 2008, 2009 and 2010. These data are incorrect. Louisiana is in the process of improving the data extraction syntax for AFCARS which is expected to improve data quality and reliability. These changes will be reflected in future submissions. The increase in the reported number of child fatalities from 2010 to 2011 was likely due to improved monitoring and follow-up on cases of suspected parental culpability in child deaths. This may also be due to an increase in the reporting of child deaths to the agency.

LOUISIANA | STATE COMMENT | 158

Maine

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 275,741 0.7 1.3 2.2 <.1 2.4 91.0 2.3 15.8

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
273,457 0.8 1.4 2.3 <.1 2.3 90.2 3.0 17.8

2009
271,176 0.7 1.4 2.3 <.1 2.5 90.6 2.4 17.1

2011
269,218 0.8 1.4 2.4 <.1 2.4 89.8 3.2 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
4,033 3.2 1,866 322

2009
4,073 2.8 1,648 323

2010
3,483 2.7 1,547 276

2011
3,270 2.0 1,300 293

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 73 1,964 2,679 67 14,328 21,283

2009
87 2,140 2,457 85 17,054 20,101

2010
87 1,957 2,239 89 15,859 17,807

2011
83 1,607 1,940 88 13,928 15,784

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 10,319 4,033 4

2008

Rate

Number
10,596 4,073 2

2009

Rate

Number
10,187 3,483 1

2010

Rate

Number
10,937 3,270 1

2011

Rate

37.4 per 1,000 14.6 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

39.1 per 1,000 15.0 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

37.3 per 1,000 12.7 per 1,000 0.4 per 100,000

40.6 per 1,000 12.1 per 1,000 0.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.6 8.6 6.9 7.2 7.1 6.7 5.5 6.1 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 2.8 1.3 <.1 <.1 4,033

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.2 8.8 7.5 6.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.6 3.2 2.7 1.4 <.1 0.3 4,073

2010
13.2 8.3 7.3 6.7 7.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.2 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.7 2.5 1.4 0.0 0.3 3,483

2011
13.8 7.3 8.3 7.3 6.8 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 4.3 4.4 3.7 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.6 2.8 1.5 <.1 0.3 3,270 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
1.4 0.3 1.6 <.1 1.4 65.8 3.6 25.8 4,033

2009
0.9 0.2 1.7 0.2 1.9 69.6 3.5 21.9 4,073

2010
0.8 0.3 1.5 0.1 2.7 65.9 3.7 24.8 3,483

2011
1.0 0.2 1.7 <.1 2.9 62.5 3.0 28.6 3,270

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MAINE | CONTEXT DATA | 159

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 40.6 68.9 16.6 8.3 0.0 0.0 4,033

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
37.5 72.2 15.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 3,483

2009
43.1 70.5 16.4 6.7 0.0 0.0 4,073

2011
39.1 69.9 15.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 3,270 Mean Median

2008
76.8 >48 but<72

2009
75.0 >48 but<72

2010
69.5 >48 but<72

2011
63.5 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,953 17.9 1,860 15.6 1,630 16.2 1,530 14.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

892 N/A 747 N/A 750 N/A 546 N/A

2008
979 21.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

959 20.6 833 21.6 776 21.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,866 15.6 1,648 16.3 1,547 14.5 1,300 16.2

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.7 7.4 6.5 5.7 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.1 3.1 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.2 5.7 8.2 10.6 10.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 8.4 7.8 6.2 5.6 4.6 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.7 5.8 9.0 9.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 9.8 8.2 6.6 6.8 5.1 4.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.9 4.5 5.7 6.5 8.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 9.7 9.2 6.7 6.4 6.7 4.4 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.5 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

24.2 11.2 9.3 5.8 6.5 4.7 4.1 3.3 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.5 2.4 3.1 3.9 3.8 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 9.6 9.4 6.4 7.4 3.7 6.0 4.0 4.1 2.9 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.7 4.4 2.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.9 10.0 6.9 7.5 6.4 6.1 3.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.7 3.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.6 11.0 7.3 6.8 5.9 5.9 4.0 2.9 3.8 3.3 2.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
3.6 9.1 9.8 6.5 6.2 5.5 3.9 4.5 2.1 3.0 3.4 3.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 4.5 10.2 12.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.2 9.3 9.1 8.0 5.9 5.7 5.4 3.1 4.3 4.4 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.3 3.2 3.0 5.0 15.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 8.2 9.6 9.4 7.7 5.3 6.7 4.4 4.6 4.2 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.8 3.4 3.4 10.0 8.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.8 10.2 10.4 8.9 7.2 7.1 6.4 2.8 3.7 5.0 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.7 3.7 11.5 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.3 8.5 7.8 6.2 5.6 4.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.6 5.8 8.9 9.7 0.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.5 9.8 8.3 6.5 6.7 5.0 4.7 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.9 4.5 5.6 6.5 8.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 9.8 9.2 6.7 6.5 6.6 4.4 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.5 6.2 6.1 6.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 10.9 8.0 7.3 6.8 5.5 5.7 4.2 3.4 2.6 2.2 3.8 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.3 6.6 6.7 0.4 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 3.3 85.0 5.3 2.6 0.0 1.1 0.5 2.3 0.0 4.2 82.9 6.1 3.0 0.0 1.1 <.1 2.3 0.0 6.4 82.3 4.7 3.2 0.0 1.2 0.3 1.8 0.2 7.9 76.4 7.3 5.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.3 0.3 2.9 0.0 4.6 79.9 7.1 3.8 0.0 1.1 0.1 3.6 0.1 5.6 79.9 4.7 4.7 0.1 2.0 0.4 1.3 0.1 7.6 67.9 8.9 11.5 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.5 13.0 63.0 4.9 16.5 0.2

2008
1.4 0.3 2.8 0.0 2.6 84.7 5.5 2.8 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.9 0.9 3.1 0.1 4.3 79.6 7.0 4.0 0.1 1.4 0.0 2.2 0.0 7.9 79.4 4.8 4.3 0.0 0.8 0.1 1.9 0.3 7.9 77.4 7.0 4.6 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.1 0.5 2.3 0.0 4.3 82.8 6.1 3.1 0.0 1.2 <.1 2.4 0.0 4.8 83.5 4.9 3.2 0.0 1.4 0.3 1.9 <.1 6.2 76.9 6.7 6.6 0.1 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.3 10.1 70.2 6.5 10.0 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MAINE | CONTEXT DATA | 160

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
619 561

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
570 514

2010
581 494

2011
514 452
Total children adopted

2008
322

2009
323

2010
276

2011
293

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.9 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.1 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.7 5.0 6.3 5.2 5.8 6.0 6.1 4.7

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.9 10.3 11.0 7.2 6.2 6.0 4.6 4.0 3.1 4.1 4.8 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.0 6.5 5.7 4.0

2009
1.9 8.6 9.6 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.6 3.9 5.4 5.6 4.7 4.4 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.7 4.4 4.0

2011
1.4 10.7 8.9 8.0 6.6 5.4 6.6 4.9 3.7 2.9 2.7 5.6 5.8 4.7 5.8 7.2 5.1 3.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.0 10.9 14.6 9.9 8.7 7.5 7.5 8.4 3.1 4.0 4.7 5.6 2.2 3.4 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.5 0.6 0.0 0.0

2009
0.9 13.0 13.3 13.3 9.6 8.4 7.1 3.7 5.9 3.1 6.2 3.7 3.7 3.4 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.0

2010
1.1 12.0 14.9 13.0 10.1 8.3 8.7 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 2.2 2.9 1.8 2.9 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

2011
0.7 11.9 19.1 13.7 9.9 9.2 8.5 2.4 3.4 5.8 1.7 2.4 2.0 4.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.0 3.4 85.1 5.8 2.9 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.6 0.3 1.6 0.3 4.3 80.4 6.8 4.7 0.0

2009
1.2 0.0 3.3 0.0 3.0 83.7 5.8 3.0 0.0

2010
0.7 0.0 2.9 0.0 4.6 81.6 6.7 3.4 0.0

2011
1.4 0.2 1.9 0.0 5.1 76.3 7.2 8.0 0.0

2009
1.2 0.9 1.2 0.0 5.0 80.5 7.1 4.0 0.0

2010
1.4 0.0 1.8 0.0 9.8 77.2 5.1 4.7 0.0

2011
0.3 0.0 2.7 0.0 7.8 77.5 7.5 4.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MAINE | CONTEXT DATA | 161

Maine

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 92.3 7.7 1,995

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.96 2,845

2009
92.8 7.2 1,927

2010
93.8 6.2 1,747

2011
95.7 4.3 1,642

2009
0.12 99.88 2,607

2010
0.55 99.45 2,380

2011
0.34 99.66 2,076

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 32.5 6.7 41.3 19.5 0.0 979

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
37.9 9.7 41.9 10.6 0.0 776 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
33.8 8.2 39.9 18.0 0.0 959

2010
32.4 7.8 43.6 15.7 0.5 833

2008
36.3 8.0 25.4 30.3 0.0 465

2009
34.9 7.1 25.1 32.9 0.0 410

2010
32.1 5.6 27.8 34.4 0.0 302

2011
35.2
10.7
29.6
24.5
0.0
253

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.3 3.8 40.5 51.4 0.0 185

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 48.0 52.0 0.0 179

2009
3.8 10.9 34.8 50.5 0.0 184

2010
2.8 9.2 34.5 53.5 0.0 142

2011
4.1 16.3 43.9 35.8 0.0 123

2009
43.0 57.0 0.0 158

2010
42.0 58.0 0.0 131

2011
46.3 53.7 0.0 82

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 35.7 0.0 28.6 35.7 0.0 14

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

33.3 11.1 44.4 11.1 0.0 9 33.3 16.7 50.0 0.0 0.0 12 16.7 66.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 6

2008
33.3 0.0 33.3 33.3 0.0 3

Asian 2009 2010

33.3 11.1 33.3 22.2 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
18.5 11.1 55.6 14.8 0.0 27

2009
13.3 6.7 63.3 16.7 0.0 30

2010
27.8 5.6 50.0 16.7 0.0 18

2011
53.3 6.7 26.7 13.3 0.0 15

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
52.0 4.0 24.0 20.0 0.0 25

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

39.0 2.4 34.1 24.4 0.0 41 40.9 7.6 42.4 9.1 0.0 66

2011
36.1 4.9 50.8 8.2 0.0 61

2008
31.0 7.0 41.6 20.4 0.0 829

White 2009 2010

34.2 8.3 38.1 19.4 0.0 763 31.3 8.0 43.0 17.1 0.6 661

2011
38.1 9.3 41.1 11.5 0.0 601

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 55.6 3.7 40.7 0.0 0.0 27

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

36.8 5.3 55.3 2.6 0.0 38 36.1 5.6 44.4 13.9 0.0 36

2011
33.3 5.6 55.6 5.6 0.0 36

2008
40.7 5.6 40.7 13.0 0.0 54

Two or More Races 2009 2010

34.3 13.4 43.3 9.0 0.0 67 35.0 5.0 50.0 10.0 0.0 40

2011
40.7 16.7 35.2 7.4 0.0 54

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MAINE | OUTCOMES DATA | 162

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 50.7 34.4 8.4 1.7 4.7 0.0 404

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
48.3 40.7 6.0 1.0 3.9 0.0 383

2010
47.1 38.6 9.9 2.5 1.9 0.0 363

2011
48.3 39.1 9.2 1.2 2.2 0.0 325 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
87.0 5.9 7.1 0.0 892

2009
87.8 7.1 5.1 0.0 747

2010
85.5 4.9 9.5 0.1 750

2011
84.6 6.6 8.6 0.2 546

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.6 33.3 25.2 21.7 18.2 0.0 318

2009
1.9 38.3 31.2 15.4 13.3 0.0 324

2010
4.1 30.0 41.1 14.8 10.0 0.0 270

2011
1.4 35.0 36.1 17.7 9.9 0.0 294

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 86.3 13.5 0.2 987 86.0 13.7 0.2 860 88.1 11.4 0.6 872 82.6 16.7 0.7 677

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
64.4 35.6 0.0 781 69.3 30.8 0.0 800 67.3 32.7 0.0 666 68.9 31.1 0.0 678

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.9 74.1 0.0 1,075 26.2 73.8 0.0 945 34.3 65.7 0.0 840 35.0 65.0 0.0 717

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 50.0 0.0 50.0 4

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.8 0.1 85.0 12.1 752

2009
3.3 0.0 95.4 1.3 634

2010
3.9 0.2 95.9 0.0 610

2011
4.0 0.4 95.2 0.4 455

MAINE | OUTCOMES DATA | 163

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 99.0 55.8

2009
104.9 58.3

2010
104.1 61.0

2011
118.5 60.9

10.1

9.7

10.1

10.4

22.6 13.2

28.7 10.7

30.0 12.0

32.0 6.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 107.0 34.9 29.6 24.0

2009
124.3 40.1 26.9 26.4

2010
120.4 34.1 28.3 28.2

2011
134.3 36.4 28.4 34.7

12.6

13.6

16.5

21.8

48.0

51.8

48.9

45.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 98.6 28.2 88.5

2009
95.8 27.8 87.3

2010
95.9 29.0 87.0

2011
109.6 35.5 90.8

65.3

66.7

67.4

62.4

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 94.4 85.9 64.4 26.0

2009
96.7 85.8 69.4 26.3

2010
100.9 88.3 67.4 34.4

2011
97.9 82.9 68.9 35.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MAINE | OUTCOMES DATA | 164

Maryland

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
15,519 2.0 7,607 610

2009
16,771 2.0 6,997 734

2010
13,955 2.1 6,141 644

2011
14,928 2.1 5,704 529

1,356,198 1,351,935 1,352,083 1,346,635 0.3 4.9 31.5 <.1 9.9 50.3 3.1 10.2 0.3 5.1 31.4 <.1 10.5 49.7 3.1 11.6 0.2 5.4 32.3 <.1 11.0 46.6 4.5 13.0 0.2 5.5 31.9 <.1 11.6 46.2 4.6 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 45 159 353 71 1,094 1,531

2009
49 4,202 8,513 80 28,867 36,049

2010
73 6,342 8,701 94 51,472 54,770

2011
91 7,156 7,887 90 55,883 62,413

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 38,775 15,519 20

2008

Rate

Number
41,611 16,771 17

2009

Rate

Number
37,109 13,955 24

2010

Rate

Number
36,996 14,928 10

2011

Rate

28.6 per 1,000 11.4 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

30.8 per 1,000 12.4 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

27.4 per 1,000 10.3 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

27.5 per 1,000 11.1 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.0 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.6 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.4 3.0 <.1 2.3 15,519

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.0 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.0 4.6 3.2 0.3 0.1 16,771

2010
11.5 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 3.3 0.2 <.1 13,955

2011
11.4 5.9 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.0 3.1 <.1 0.4 14,928 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.6 50.3 <.1 6.0 32.7 1.9 8.3 15,519

2009
<.1 0.8 48.2 <.1 7.0 33.1 2.1 8.7 16,771

2010
0.1 0.9 45.8 <.1 7.4 34.3 2.6 8.9 13,955

2011
<.1 0.8 44.0 <.1 7.4 34.6 2.2 10.8 14,928

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MARYLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 165

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.3 65.0 23.3 12.8 0.0 0.0 15,519

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.2 67.0 23.7 12.3 0.0 0.0 13,955

2009
0.3 66.3 23.5 11.3 0.0 0.0 16,771

2011
0.1 66.5 23.2 12.9 0.0 0.0 14,928 Mean Median

2008
273.4 >24 but<48

2009
193.5 <24

2010
147.9 >24 but<48

2011
42.4 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 8,346 29.1 7,553 28.1 6,996 26.4 5,995 23.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,692 N/A 2,710 N/A 2,794 N/A 2,839 N/A

2008
3,431 25.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,266 26.0 3,649 22.0 3,130 20.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,607 28.1 6,997 25.5 6,141 23.1 5,704 18.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.2 6.0 5.3 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.8 6.1 7.5 9.1 9.8 9.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 5.6 5.9 5.0 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 5.8 6.9 8.9 10.2 10.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.7 6.8 8.0 10.5 11.6 1.2 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.2 5.9 5.6 4.6 4.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.3 5.2 5.8 6.2 8.3 10.4 12.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

20.4 7.0 5.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 4.0 6.2 6.6 6.6 6.5 5.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 20.0 7.4 5.8 4.6 3.9 3.0 3.7 3.4 4.2 3.0 3.9 3.5 3.6 5.1 5.9 6.6 6.6 5.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 6.8 5.9 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.9 4.9 4.8 6.8 6.7 7.2 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 6.6 6.6 5.6 4.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.9 4.1 5.4 6.5 6.2 7.7 5.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
3.8 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.2 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 4.8 13.4 15.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.0 5.3 7.1 7.1 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.4 4.1 3.9 24.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.2 6.2 6.8 6.7 5.9 4.9 3.9 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 4.0 3.8 3.5 10.4 14.7 0.8 0.0 <.1 4.6 5.3 7.6 6.3 5.0 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.8 17.4 9.9 0.3 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.4 5.7 5.9 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.8 4.5 4.6 4.2 5.9 6.9 8.9 10.2 10.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 6.1 5.6 5.1 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.8 7.0 8.2 10.5 11.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 5.7 5.6 4.6 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.2 5.2 5.8 6.1 8.3 10.3 12.3 1.8 <.1 0.0 <.1 4.9 6.6 5.8 5.3 4.0 4.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.4 9.8 11.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.3 71.6 <.1 2.4 21.4 3.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 70.9 <.1 2.9 21.2 3.3 1.2 0.2 <.1 0.2 69.8 <.1 3.5 20.9 3.8 1.5 0.3 <.1 0.3 65.9 <.1 3.9 23.8 3.9 1.7 0.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.1 59.1 <.1 4.8 28.3 4.4 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.2 57.0 0.0 5.1 28.0 5.2 3.1 1.3 <.1 0.4 55.8 0.0 4.3 31.6 3.7 3.2 1.0 <.1 0.5 56.1 <.1 4.7 29.6 3.8 3.4 1.8

2008
<.1 0.6 63.5 0.0 3.2 27.1 3.5 1.7 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 63.0 <.1 3.2 26.8 3.7 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.2 66.0 0.0 3.4 24.1 3.4 2.3 0.5 <.1 0.5 61.1 <.1 3.8 27.3 4.4 2.2 0.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 70.8 <.1 2.9 21.3 3.2 1.2 0.2 <.1 0.2 69.2 <.1 3.6 21.3 3.8 1.5 0.4 <.1 0.3 65.7 <.1 3.9 23.9 3.9 1.8 0.4 <.1 0.3 63.7 0.0 4.4 24.8 3.6 2.3 0.9

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MARYLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 166

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,505 445

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,218 366

2010
883 236

2011
719 136
Total children adopted

2008
610

2009
734

2010
644

2011
529

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 0.8 5.8 9.5 9.4 6.9 5.8 5.2 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.6 4.5 4.9 6.0 4.8 5.4 3.9

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.1 6.9 9.9 7.6 7.2 4.4 4.9 5.7 4.4 4.6 5.0 6.2 4.3 6.0 5.2 6.1 5.4 5.0

2009
1.6 5.6 7.3 8.6 6.6 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.4 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 4.5 6.2 7.2 5.7 5.7

2011
1.5 9.2 7.6 8.2 6.3 5.6 3.1 3.9 4.7 4.9 5.4 6.3 6.8 5.1 6.7 5.3 5.0 4.5 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.7 7.4 13.1 13.1 10.3 8.9 7.9 5.6 4.9 5.6 3.4 4.4 3.0 0.7 3.9 3.0 1.3 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

2009
0.3 5.2 12.3 14.0 11.7 9.8 7.1 6.3 5.2 4.5 5.2 5.6 2.9 3.0 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0

2010
1.1 7.3 12.9 12.6 14.0 7.9 5.9 7.0 5.4 4.3 4.5 4.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 1.9 0.8 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
1.7 7.6 15.3 14.0 8.5 7.0 6.2 5.9 5.5 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.6 3.4 2.1 3.4 2.6 1.1 0.0 0.4

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 67.4 0.1 3.1 23.9 3.7 1.7 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.2 54.4 0.0 1.6 35.7 5.9 2.0 0.2

2009
0.2 <.1 65.1 0.0 3.4 24.0 5.2 1.9 0.2

2010
0.0 0.2 60.8 0.0 4.6 25.6 6.6 1.9 0.2

2011
0.0 0.3 57.0 0.0 5.3 28.2 5.6 2.9 0.7

2009
0.1 0.1 62.1 0.3 2.9 29.2 3.4 1.8 0.1

2010
0.3 0.0 60.2 0.0 3.4 26.1 5.7 4.0 0.2

2011
0.0 0.2 55.4 0.0 4.9 28.2 8.9 2.1 0.4

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MARYLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 167

Maryland

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.3 3.7 4,798

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.40 99.60 11,038

2009
95.1 4.9 6,091

2010
96.6 3.4 4,929

2011
93.1 6.9 6,269

2009
0.44 99.56 10,263

2010
0.25 99.75 9,790

2011
0.69 99.31 8,834

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 19.3 6.1 46.2 27.0 1.3 3,431

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
17.0 2.1 57.5 23.3 0.0 3,130 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.0 7.3 39.9 26.1 3.7 3,266

2010
20.0 1.2 55.4 22.4 1.0 3,649

2008
20.4 4.4 35.2 39.1 1.0 896

2009
22.7 4.8 27.7 42.5 2.4 842

2010
22.2 0.7 40.1 36.1 1.0 1,253

2011
18.3
1.5
40.0
40.1
0.0
1,047

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.7 2.5 37.9 57.1 1.8 889

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 45.8 54.2 0.0 864

2009
1.0 2.1 34.6 58.4 3.9 803

2010
1.5 1.2 44.6 51.3 1.4 869

2011
1.2 2.1 46.2 50.5 0.0 846

2009
45.1 54.9 0.0 818

2010
46.4 53.4 0.1 769

2011
42.1 57.9 0.0 699

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 0.0 3

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

25.0 0.0 25.0 50.0 0.0 4 50.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
5.0 15.0 45.0 35.0 0.0 20

Asian 2009 2010

12.5 0.0 25.0 62.5 0.0 8 14.3 0.0 57.1 28.6 0.0 7

Black 2011
13.3 6.7 66.7 13.3 0.0 15

2008
16.5 7.1 42.5 32.7 1.2 2,177

2009
22.2 9.0 34.7 30.9 3.2 2,059

2010
19.3 0.8 52.4 26.5 1.0 2,408

2011
15.7 2.3 53.3 28.8 0.0 1,911

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

2008
11.7 7.2 61.3 18.0 1.8 111

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

24.0 2.9 44.2 15.4 13.5 104 19.2 0.8 64.8 13.6 1.6 125

2011
21.2 2.5 54.2 22.0 0.0 118

2008
25.3 3.6 50.9 18.7 1.5 929

White 2009 2010

25.4 4.3 48.1 19.1 3.1 874 20.2 2.3 60.0 16.5 1.0 878

2011
17.4 1.8 65.3 15.6 0.0 855

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 22.4 5.2 67.2 5.2 0.0 58

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

21.1 7.0 56.3 8.5 7.0 71 29.8 0.0 65.5 3.6 1.2 84

2011
17.6 1.5 76.5 4.4 0.0 68

2008
32.8 6.7 50.4 8.4 1.7 119

Two or More Races 2009 2010

21.3 4.9 51.6 16.4 5.7 122 28.2 0.8 60.5 9.7 0.8 124

2011
32.1 2.9 54.7 10.2 0.0 137

2008
21.4 7.1 64.3 0.0 7.1 14

Missing Data 2009 2010

4.5 9.1 77.3 4.5 4.5 22 5.3 5.3 84.2 5.3 0.0 19

2011
4.5 0.0 90.9 4.5 0.0 22

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MARYLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 168

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 53.6 21.7 10.0 4.9 9.7 0.0 1,584

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
56.0 23.9 9.1 4.1 6.8 0.0 1,303

2010
54.1 21.2 10.8 5.2 8.7 0.0 2,021

2011
53.4 22.6 9.4 6.1 8.4 <.1 1,800 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
78.7 9.2 11.8 0.4 2,692

2009
80.4 8.2 11.3 <.1 2,710

2010
78.6 8.1 13.4 0.0 2,794

2011
76.3 10.0 13.6 <.1 2,839

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.3 15.4 22.5 19.5 40.4 0.0 663

2009
1.2 11.3 23.6 22.3 41.6 0.0 750

2010
1.9 11.5 20.5 22.5 43.6 0.0 730

2011
2.4 11.6 30.4 19.1 36.4 0.0 533

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 81.6 9.6 8.8 3,005 81.7 11.4 6.9 3,006 85.3 9.6 5.1 3,207 86.0 9.6 4.3 3,188

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
66.8 29.4 3.8 2,010 71.5 25.5 3.0 1,920 72.1 26.8 1.1 1,849 68.8 29.8 1.4 1,801

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

27.0 72.7 0.3 6,001 29.3 70.0 0.7 5,318 46.1 51.9 2.1 4,723 44.2 54.6 1.2 3,835

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

72.7 0.0 27.3 22 94.7 0.0 5.3 19 90.9 0.0 9.1 11 80.0 10.0 10.0 10

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.4 0.8 93.5 2.3 1,838

2009
3.9 1.1 92.8 2.3 1,884

2010
1.3 1.1 97.6 0.0 1,661

2011
2.0 0.7 97.3 0.0 1,834

MARYLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 169

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 90.9 53.4

2009
97.9 55.8

2010
94.9 52.9

2011
97.4 51.3

10.8

10.3

11.0

11.5

31.7 14.4

30.0 13.0

33.8 13.4

36.4 11.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 71.7 17.6 41.2 11.0

2009
80.9 12.5 43.1 14.9

2010
85.9 13.4 44.6 16.5

2011
95.9 14.1 39.1 15.4

3.0

4.2

2.3

2.7

67.1

71.5

79.4

82.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 97.7 19.0 93.4

2009
98.7 21.2 93.6

2010
105.4 25.1 93.9

2011
106.4 24.9 94.6

62.2

63.0

60.0

58.2

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 100.0 88.9 69.5 27.2

2009
101.9 86.8 73.7 29.6

2010
110.2 89.2 73.0 47.5

2011
107.5 89.3 69.8 45.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MARYLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 170

Maryland
S TAT E C O M M E N T
Carnitra White, Executive Director
Social Services Administration
Department of Human Resources

The following are Marylands comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Maryland has successfully reduced the number of children in care.
2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of children in care

7,607

6,997

6,141

5,704 7.1%

Percent decrease versus prior year 9.5% 8.0% 12.2% Number of children in care is number of children under 18 on September 30.

As reflected in the Child Welfare Outcomes report for this time period, Maryland continues to reduce the number of children in foster care. The report shows a downward trend in foster care placements, averaging 7.5% annual decreases. As part of Marylands Place Matters initiative, DHR is in the process of institutionalizing a family-centered practice model, which uses service plans based on comprehensive assessments and increases families capacity to protect their children. Family involvement meetings encourage family participation in making decisions about the need for childrens placements, as well as decisions about reunification or making other permanent exits from foster care, including guardianship placement or adoptive placement. Marylands efforts to implement its family-centered practice model often results in identifying relatives and other community resources for families struggling with child maltreatment. The State expects continued success with this approach. Based on technical assistance concerning the States federal reporting of child maltreatment and after making adjustments to its NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) report file for FFY2011, Maryland has updated its methodology and now reports that recurrence of maltreatment has been approximately 1 percent higher than reported in the last few years, averaging 6.6%. The FFY2011 statistic published in this report is 6.9%, and next years report will be updated to reflect improved recurrence of maltreatment measurements for the time periods FFY2009 and FFY2010. As shown in the following graph, the newly corrected child safety data continues to show that, through the implementation of the Place Matters initiative, Maryland is reducing its caseload without reducing safety of children or increasing the rate of maltreatment recurrence rate of children. Children in Foster Care on 9/30 and Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect 2008-2011

MARYLAND | STATE COMMENT | 171

Among foster children, the absence of maltreatment for these years has averaged 99.5% and is very close to the federal standard of 99.68%. Relatedly, children in foster care during these years have experienced relatively stable placement experiences in Maryland, particularly those who were in care less than 12 months: nearly 86% of those foster children experience two or fewer placement settings. Maryland has experienced considerable success with its Place Matters initiative featuring Family-Centered Practice, will continue to monitor child safety as it continues to implement Place Matters, and looks forward to continued and increasing success in child welfare during the coming years.

MARYLAND | STATE COMMENT | 172

Massachusetts

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
41,596 4.6 10,405 712

2009
38,958 4.3 9,639 790

2010
26,588 3.9 8,945 725

2011
21,948 3.8 8,640 722

1,438,671 1,433,002 1,417,262 1,405,015 0.2 5.4 7.5 <.1 13.2 71.1 2.5 12.0 0.2 5.6 7.6 <.1 13.6 70.4 2.5 13.1 0.2 5.7 7.8 <.1 14.9 68.1 3.2 14.3 0.2 5.9 7.8 <.1 15.2 67.5 3.4 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 43 6,574 15,174 79 31,374 39,709

2009
45 6,663 14,669 79 32,294 41,033

2010
47 6,264 13,433 78 30,164 38,431

2011
50 6,398 12,822 78 32,914 41,955

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 89,003 41,596 21

2008

Rate

Number
84,424 38,958 17

2009

Rate

Number
77,863 26,588 0

2010

Rate

Number
73,358 21,948

2011

Rate

61.9 per 1,000 28.9 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

58.9 per 1,000 27.2 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

54.9 per 1,000 18.8 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

52.2 per 1,000 15.6 per 1,000 - per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 10.9 7.1 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.1 2.5 <.1 0.1 41,596

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.8 7.4 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.2 2.7 <.1 0.2 38,958

2010
11.6 7.9 7.2 6.6 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.2 3.8 2.4 <.1 0.2 26,588

2011
11.9 7.5 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 2.4 <.1 0.2 21,948 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 1.7 13.2 <.1 24.2 44.1 2.9 13.8 41,596

2009
0.1 2.0 13.3 <.1 23.7 41.9 3.2 15.7 38,958

2010
0.1 1.5 12.8 <.1 23.9 40.9 3.6 17.2 26,588

2011
<.1 1.4 12.5 <.1 25.0 40.2 3.6 17.3 21,948

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MASSACHUSETTS | CONTEXT DATA | 173

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.1 92.4 12.6 2.3 0.0 <.1 41,596

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.1 91.2 12.9 3.1 0.0 <.1 26,588

2009
0.1 92.1 12.3 2.5 0.0 <.1 38,958

2011
0.1 90.0 13.8 3.5 0.0 <.1 21,948 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 10,224 14.7 10,158 14.5 9,406 15.2 8,719 15.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,654 N/A 6,139 N/A 5,474 N/A 5,311 N/A

2008
6,473 11.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6,658 11.5 5,935 12.3 5,390 12.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

10,405 14.2 9,639 14.9 8,945 15.4 8,640 14.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.3 5.4 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.3 5.8 8.1 10.8 11.8 11.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 6.2 5.3 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.1 5.1 7.2 10.0 11.2 11.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 6.8 5.5 4.8 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.3 6.8 9.7 11.4 11.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 6.3 6.4 5.0 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.8 9.2 11.1 11.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.8 6.1 5.1 4.6 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.4 4.1 6.1 8.5 11.4 8.9 4.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 13.5 6.1 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.6 4.1 5.9 9.3 11.1 9.5 4.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 12.6 5.9 5.4 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.6 4.8 6.1 8.3 12.1 9.7 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 13.4 5.9 4.5 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.7 3.2 4.4 6.3 8.2 11.7 10.5 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.2 6.2 5.5 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.8 5.6 8.5 9.3 13.8 10.3 0.0 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.6 6.5 5.3 5.3 4.5 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.4 5.3 7.9 8.5 7.3 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 6.3 6.1 5.3 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.6 4.7 8.4 9.0 16.5 6.8 <.1 0.0 <.1 3.0 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.2 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.9 7.2 9.4 24.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.3 6.2 5.3 4.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.2 5.2 7.4 10.2 11.3 11.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 6.7 5.5 4.8 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.6 4.4 5.4 6.9 9.9 11.4 11.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 4.1 6.3 6.4 4.9 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.4 4.6 5.6 7.1 9.4 11.2 11.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 5.8 6.1 5.8 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.3 4.0 3.7 5.7 7.2 9.4 11.0 10.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 1.5 16.2 <.1 26.3 48.1 4.3 3.3 <.1 0.2 1.4 16.4 <.1 26.3 48.0 4.6 3.1 0.0 0.1 2.0 16.5 <.1 27.1 46.3 4.8 3.2 0.0 0.2 1.9 16.2 <.1 27.3 45.6 4.9 3.9 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 2.1 15.8 <.1 27.4 46.2 4.3 3.5 0.5 0.2 2.9 15.7 0.0 28.1 45.4 3.7 3.6 0.4 0.2 1.8 14.6 0.0 28.5 45.4 4.4 5.0 0.1 0.1 1.7 14.5 <.1 27.5 46.4 4.3 5.1 0.2

2008
0.1 2.2 15.4 <.1 28.0 46.2 3.8 3.5 0.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.2 1.9 15.7 <.1 27.0 47.9 3.8 3.1 0.3 0.1 1.9 15.4 <.1 28.1 46.3 4.4 3.6 0.1 0.2 1.9 15.6 <.1 28.7 44.4 4.3 4.7 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 1.4 16.4 <.1 26.0 48.0 4.6 3.3 0.0 0.1 2.0 16.5 <.1 27.0 46.4 4.6 3.4 0.0 0.2 1.9 16.0 <.1 27.3 45.7 4.9 4.1 0.0 0.2 1.8 15.5 <.1 26.6 46.8 4.9 4.2 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MASSACHUSETTS | CONTEXT DATA | 174

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 2,840 1,606

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,834 1,503

2010
2,757 1,524

2011
2,663 1,424 Total children adopted

2008
712

2009
790

2010
725

2011
722

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 4.9 11.2 9.4 7.9 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.3 4.9 5.9 5.5 4.2 3.9 4.4 3.7 2.2 1.4

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
2.8 10.3 10.7 8.7 7.8 6.5 5.3 6.4 5.7 4.7 5.4 4.2 5.0 4.5 3.4 3.6 3.0 2.1

2009
4.2 10.7 9.7 8.2 7.3 5.6 6.4 6.3 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.1 3.5 4.1 3.6 2.8 1.6

2011
3.4 9.5 10.5 9.4 7.5 7.1 6.0 5.9 5.1 4.8 4.4 5.1 3.9 4.8 4.3 3.4 2.7 2.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.1 17.3 17.0 11.0 7.4 8.8 8.6 5.5 4.8 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.0

2009
0.9 17.6 16.2 11.6 9.7 10.5 4.9 5.9 5.1 2.7 4.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.9 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0

2010
0.8 16.1 16.1 13.4 9.1 7.7 6.2 6.2 4.8 3.7 4.0 3.6 2.6 2.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

2011
0.7 12.3 15.4 13.7 9.7 8.4 6.1 7.5 5.4 4.4 5.1 3.9 2.2 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.9 14.7 0.0 24.3 48.8 6.5 4.7 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.1 13.1 0.0 24.6 49.2 7.3 5.8 0.0

2009
<.1 1.2 15.3 0.0 26.7 45.7 6.8 4.2 0.0

2010
0.1 1.3 15.4 0.0 27.5 44.8 6.6 4.2 0.0

2011
0.2 1.5 14.6 0.0 26.5 46.7 6.1 4.2 0.0

2009
0.1 1.3 12.5 0.0 19.5 54.1 7.5 5.1 0.0

2010
0.1 1.0 12.1 0.0 22.6 51.4 7.9 4.8 0.0

2011
0.1 1.0 13.0 0.0 24.4 49.6 7.2 4.7 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MASSACHUSETTS | CONTEXT DATA | 175

Massachusetts

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 88.1 11.9 18,825

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 1.07 98.93 16,878

2009
88.6 11.4 19,498

2010
91.5 8.5 13,301

2011
91.9 8.1 10,873

2009
0.84 99.16 16,297

2010
0.78 99.22 14,880

2011
0.71 99.29 14,030

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 11.3 7.4 63.1 18.2 0.0 6,473

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
13.1 6.2 62.2 18.5 0.0 5,390 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
11.7 7.0 64.4 16.9 <.1 6,658

2010
11.9 4.5 65.5 18.1 0.0 5,935

2008
36.0 7.3 29.8 26.9 0.0 763

2009
35.5 5.5 31.5 27.4 0.0 723

2010
35.1 2.1 34.9 27.9 0.0 717

2011

39.8
4.1
28.9
27.2
0.0
706

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.2 3.0 64.2 32.6 0.0 2,698

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 26.0 74.0 0.0 1,098

2009
0.2 2.3 65.1 32.3 0.0 2,622

2010
0.2 1.8 63.7 34.3 0.0 2,367

2011
0.4 1.9 62.9 34.9 0.0 2,175

2009
25.2 74.8 0.0 1,075

2010
25.0 75.0 0.0 1,017

2011
24.2 75.8 0.0 932

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 44.4 55.6 0.0 9

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

7.7 15.4 76.9 0.0 0.0 13 14.3 28.6 42.9 14.3 0.0 7 11.1 11.1 77.8 0.0 0.0 9

2008
0.7 6.9 75.9 16.6 0.0 145

Asian 2009 2010

7.2 8.0 62.4 22.4 0.0 125 7.1 3.6 69.6 19.6 0.0 112

Black 2011
4.9 1.0 61.2 33.0 0.0 103

2008
9.1 6.4 59.5 25.0 0.0 999

2009
9.5 7.8 61.6 21.1 0.0 1,045

2010
9.5 3.1 61.9 25.6 0.0 915

2011
10.8 5.1 61.6 22.5 0.0 843

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 83.3 16.7 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
10.1 6.5 66.5 16.8 0.0 1,813

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

8.7 5.0 70.7 15.6 0.0 1,799 9.2 2.8 69.3 18.6 0.0 1,670

2011
11.5 3.8 65.5 19.1 0.0 1,546

2008
11.9 8.3 61.7 18.1 0.0 2,991

White 2009 2010

13.0 7.7 62.1 17.1 0.0 3,190 13.5 6.1 63.7 16.6 0.0 2,750

2011
14.3 7.9 59.7 18.0 0.0 2,392

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.4 7.5 62.4 9.7 0.0 226

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

17.9 8.7 63.8 9.2 0.5 207 14.0 1.9 72.4 11.7 0.0 214

2011
14.7 7.9 66.7 10.7 0.0 252

2008
21.7 8.4 61.0 8.8 0.0 249

Two or More Races 2009 2010

23.1 7.8 58.0 11.0 0.0 255 21.9 4.2 64.6 9.2 0.0 260

2011
22.2 7.7 60.7 9.4 0.0 234

2008
0.0 2.9 77.1 20.0 0.0 35

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 95.5 4.5 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 6

2011
0.0 10.0 90.0 0.0 0.0 10

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MASSACHUSETTS | OUTCOMES DATA | 176

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 72.4 19.2 4.8 1.3 2.3 0.0 4,084

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
71.8 20.1 4.8 1.7 1.6 0.0 4,286

2010
68.0 22.2 5.6 2.2 2.0 0.0 3,888

2011
70.4 19.1 5.9 2.5 2.1 0.0 3,351 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
77.3 10.6 12.1 0.0 6,654

2009
75.7 11.8 12.5 0.0 6,139

2010
75.2 12.3 12.5 0.0 5,474

2011
75.1 12.4 12.5 0.0 5,311

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.4 28.8 32.8 15.4 19.5 0.0 732

2009
1.4 28.4 31.9 21.9 16.5 0.0 778

2010
1.3 25.7 31.2 20.5 21.3 0.0 708

2011
0.7 21.2 31.8 24.6 21.6 0.0 707

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 74.6 25.3 0.1 7,952 73.9 26.0 <.1 7,592 75.4 24.6 <.1 6,687 78.5 21.4 0.1 6,383

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
48.6 51.3 <.1 3,845 48.7 51.3 0.0 3,751 48.9 51.1 <.1 3,417 49.2 50.8 0.0 3,096

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

22.9 77.1 0.0 5,075 23.3 76.7 0.0 4,942 23.4 76.6 0.0 4,766 24.3 75.7 0.0 4,541

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 12 100.0 0.0 0.0 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 10

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 4.7 1.8 93.5 0.0 3,941

2009
5.0 1.2 93.8 0.0 3,596

2010
5.2 1.7 93.1 <.1 3,155

2011
4.5 1.2 94.2 <.1 3,053

MASSACHUSETTS | OUTCOMES DATA | 177

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 122.9 76.7

2009
124.0 75.4

2010
120.7 71.7

2011
122.3 74.3

5.2

5.5

6.4

5.9

48.7 17.1

51.2 16.2

50.4 15.3

48.4 15.6

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 85.0 32.2 29.3 12.9

2009
86.3 29.8 31.5 15.4

2010
83.7 27.0 32.6 14.7

2011
76.2 21.9 34.6 16.0

5.1

6.5

6.0

6.3

42.8

41.5

45.0

38.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 109.8 21.4 91.9

2009
114.7 23.7 92.2

2010
112.9 23.0 91.0

2011
115.0 25.7 90.0

45.6

43.6

44.7

43.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 76.9 73.3 48.6 22.9

2009
76.7 72.6 48.8 23.3

2010
77.9 74.0 48.9 23.4

2011
80.9 77.5 49.2 24.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MASSACHUSETTS | OUTCOMES DATA | 178

Massachusetts
S TAT E C O M M E N T
Angelo McClain, Ph.D., LICSW, Commissioner
Department of Children and Families
Executive Office of Health and Human Services

The following are Massachusettss comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Safety In August of 2009, the Department of Children and Families (DCF) implemented a differential response process for handling reports of child maltreatment in its SACWIS (FamilyNet). With differential response, reports can be screened-in for a CPS investigation or for an assessment response. Not all reports of abuse or neglect require the same type of intervention. An assessment response allows DCF to engage families more quickly when the reported concern does not warrant a formal investigation. An assessment response cannot be used for reports alleging sexual abuse, serious physical abuse or serious neglect. From October of 2009 through September of 2010, the use of the assessment response increased from 20% of the combined CPS investigations and assessment responses to 33% where it has remained. Assessment responses do not result in findings of support or unsupport and have been reported on NCANDS as Other. This has resulted in fewer supported and unsupported reports and allegations as well as fewer identified perpetrators. Some timeframes have changed. Non-emergency reports are generally screened within 24 hours, however, in certain circumstances the time may be extended to up to 3 days. Emergency investigations must still be initiated within 2 hours, but the time for completion has been extended from 24 hours to 5 business days. Non-emergency investigations and assessment responses must be initiated within 2 business days and completed within 15 business days unless an extension is approved. Placement The number of children in care has significantly decreased since 2008. Children in care at any time during the year decreased by 16.9% from FFY 2008 to FFY 2011 [16,881/14,030] Admissions decreased by 20.2% from FFY 2008 to FFY 2011 [6,654/5,311] Reentries to foster care decreased from 17.1% of entries in FFY 2008 to 15.6% in FFY 2011 Placement stability slowly and steadily increased from 2007 to 2011. Adoption Massachusetts reports the date of discharge from the foster care placement on the AFCARS Foster Care file and, in the case of children discharged to adoption, the foster care discharge date can be significantly later than the actual date of adoption. This delay in closing foster care placements accounts in part for the difference between the count of children discharged to adoption on the AFCARS Foster Care file and the count of children listed on the AFCARS Adoption file.

MASSACHUSETTS | STATE COMMENT | 179

Michigan

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
29,643 3.4 19,821 2,731

2009
32,463 3.2 17,684 3,209

2010
35,497 3.4 16,492 2,597

2011
36,577 3.1 15,035 2,438

2,392,899 2,349,892 2,333,718 2,295,812 0.6 2.6 16.9 <.1 6.5 70.6 2.8 19.4 0.6 2.7 16.7 <.1 6.7 70.4 2.9 22.5 0.6 2.7 16.5 <.1 7.4 68.7 4.1 23.5 0.6 2.7 16.4 <.1 7.5 68.5 4.2 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 27 112 410 74 614 833

2009
43 162 380 85 1,096 1,297

2010
71 290 409 85 2,811 3,292

2011
84 342 408 85 2,779 3,283

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 177,871 29,643 59

2008

Rate

Number
188,341 32,463 58

2009

Rate

Number
194,719 35,497 71

2010

Rate

Number
212,018 36,577 75

2011

Rate

74.3 per 1,000 12.4 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

80.1 per 1,000 13.8 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

83.4 per 1,000 15.2 per 1,000 3.0 per 100,000

92.3 per 1,000 15.9 per 1,000 3.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 15.9 7.0 6.6 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.4 3.8 1.9 <.1 0.2 29,643

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
15.3 6.7 6.7 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 3.9 2.1 0.0 0.2 32,463

2010
15.1 7.2 6.8 6.6 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.7 2.2 0.0 <.1 35,497

2011
14.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.5 2.0 0.0 0.1 36,577 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.6 0.3 30.1 <.1 5.0 57.5 5.3 1.3 29,643

2009
0.5 0.3 28.1 <.1 5.2 58.7 6.1 1.2 32,463

2010
0.4 0.3 26.2 <.1 4.4 60.8 6.7 1.1 35,497

2011
0.5 0.2 24.8 <.1 4.2 61.9 7.4 0.9 36,577

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MICHIGAN | CONTEXT DATA | 180

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 15.0 2.8 82.3 19.6 4.1 0.0 18.7 29,643

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
31.4 2.9 83.8 21.1 3.3 0.0 33.7 35,497

2009
26.0 2.7 83.2 21.8 3.9 0.0 29.8 32,463

2011
35.6 2.8 84.1 21.6 3.3 0.0 35.4 36,577 Mean Median

2008
104.4 >24 but<48

2009
114.0 >24 but<48

2010
63.0 >24 but<48

2011
78.5 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 20,902 15.8 20,122 16.1 17,658 15.7 16,335 14.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

8,044 N/A 7,493 N/A 8,021 N/A 7,111 N/A

2008
9,125 21.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

9,932 21.9 9,187 20.6 8,418 19.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

19,821 17.1 17,684 16.4 16,492 14.5 15,035 14.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.4 6.8 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.3 5.7 7.2 9.5 9.8 5.7 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.8 6.7 6.3 5.4 4.8 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 4.0 5.3 7.4 9.1 9.3 6.6 <.1 <.1 0.0 6.0 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.8 6.8 9.2 9.3 6.3 0.2 <.1 <.1 6.3 7.6 6.5 5.9 5.2 4.6 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.8 4.8 6.5 8.5 9.0 5.9 0.2 <.1 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.0 7.1 6.2 6.1 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.5 4.0 5.7 6.4 6.4 3.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 7.0 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.7 4.1 5.4 7.2 7.0 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.9 6.9 6.5 5.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.0 5.6 6.6 7.0 3.0 0.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 18.3 7.2 6.6 5.7 5.5 4.8 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.9 5.0 6.7 6.4 2.9 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

2008
2.1 6.9 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 5.0 5.6 11.1 7.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.2 7.4 7.1 6.3 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.6 6.6 8.3 10.1 <.1 0.0 2.2 7.4 7.0 6.6 5.7 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.7 5.2 7.5 9.1 7.9 0.2 <.1 2.4 7.4 7.5 6.8 5.7 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.8 6.8 11.5 4.1 0.1 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.5 6.9 6.5 5.6 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.9 4.9 6.8 8.3 9.5 7.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.9 7.0 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.8 6.6 9.0 9.4 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 7.7 6.6 6.0 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.8 4.6 6.2 8.3 8.7 5.8 0.2 <.1 <.1 6.1 7.8 7.2 6.2 5.3 5.1 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.5 4.4 5.9 8.0 8.3 5.9 0.3 0.1 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.0 0.2 48.0 0.1 4.8 41.3 4.4 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.2 46.8 <.1 5.4 40.3 6.2 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 45.3 <.1 5.8 40.2 7.6 0.2 0.0 0.8 <.1 42.3 <.1 5.8 42.4 8.3 0.2 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.1 <.1 36.6 <.1 7.2 46.7 8.0 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.1 37.5 0.0 6.1 46.2 8.9 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.1 35.4 <.1 5.9 48.2 9.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 <.1 32.7 <.1 5.9 49.9 10.4 0.3 0.0

2008
1.4 0.1 41.7 <.1 5.5 46.7 4.4 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1.0 0.2 42.3 0.1 5.5 44.5 6.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 43.0 <.1 5.9 42.3 7.6 0.3 0.0 0.7 <.1 39.1 <.1 5.8 45.6 8.5 0.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.9 0.2 46.3 0.1 5.4 41.1 5.9 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 45.3 <.1 5.7 40.4 7.3 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.1 41.8 <.1 5.8 42.9 8.3 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.1 39.6 <.1 5.9 44.2 9.1 0.2 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MICHIGAN | CONTEXT DATA | 181

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 5,870 5,600

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
4,971 4,845

2010
5,284 4,339

2011
4,297 3,677 Total children adopted

2008
2,731

2009
3,209

2010
2,597

2011
2,438

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.0 7.3 7.8 6.6 5.9 5.3 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.5 5.8 6.5 7.8 6.0 4.4

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
5.2 9.6 8.2 7.5 6.5 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.6 3.7 4.4 4.4 5.0 5.2 6.2 5.1 3.7

2009
3.2 7.9 7.4 7.1 6.4 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.9 5.2 6.5 7.1 5.8 4.8

2011
5.0 9.0 9.3 7.2 6.8 6.1 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.6 3.2 4.2 4.6 5.6 5.9 5.8 4.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.3 10.7 12.1 10.3 7.3 7.5 6.9 6.4 5.7 5.0 4.4 4.8 3.4 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.5 1.3 0.4 <.1 0.0

2009
2.3 10.8 12.5 9.6 8.4 7.0 6.6 6.6 5.9 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.0 4.0 3.3 2.6 1.9 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0

2010
1.6 11.5 12.1 10.9 9.1 7.7 7.4 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
1.8 11.6 12.9 11.2 8.2 7.8 7.5 6.1 5.3 4.8 4.2 3.1 4.5 2.4 3.2 2.3 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.9 0.1 44.8 0.2 5.4 42.7 5.8 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.0 0.0 38.2 0.0 5.2 48.2 7.4 0.1 0.0

2009
0.6 0.1 42.6 0.1 5.9 42.6 8.0 <.1 0.0

2010
0.6 <.1 38.7 <.1 6.6 44.7 9.2 <.1 0.0

2011
0.9 <.1 38.2 0.1 6.7 44.6 9.4 0.1 0.0

2009
0.9 <.1 34.6 0.0 7.2 49.3 7.7 0.1 0.0

2010
0.6 0.1 30.8 0.1 7.0 51.6 9.6 <.1 0.0

2011
0.4 <.1 29.6 0.0 7.5 51.1 11.3 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MICHIGAN | CONTEXT DATA | 182

Michigan

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 92.9 7.1 13,819

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.38 99.62 28,946

2009
93.3 6.7 14,346

2010
91.7 8.3 16,592

2011
91.4 8.6 16,340

2009
0.71 99.29 27,615

2010
0.94 99.06 25,679

2011
1.03 98.97 23,446

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 28.7 3.6 50.6 15.7 1.3 9,125

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
28.9 4.9 53.3 12.7 0.2 8,418 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
29.7 3.7 47.5 18.5 0.6 9,932

2010
28.0 3.6 53.8 13.2 1.4 9,187

2008
31.7 2.8 36.3 27.1 2.1 1,266

2009
28.2 3.4 34.8 32.9 0.6 1,392

2010
30.3 3.3 42.1 22.2 2.2 1,344

2011

33.3
6.1
39.4
20.9
0.3
1,364

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.8 4.5 48.5 40.2 4.0 2,601

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 27.2 72.8 0.0 1,095

2009
3.4 4.2 44.2 46.5 1.7 2,872

2010
3.6 3.6 58.3 30.4 4.1 2,705

2011
2.9 5.8 59.6 30.9 0.9 2,306

2009
30.5 69.3 0.2 1,143

2010
33.7 66.3 0.0 908

2011
33.8 66.2 0.0 878

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 29.0 4.0 54.0 12.9 0.0 124

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

22.7 4.1 66.0 6.2 1.0 97 21.5 4.6 55.4 16.9 1.5 65 17.9 8.9 55.4 17.9 0.0 56

2008
7.7 0.0 61.5 30.8 0.0 13

Asian 2009 2010

25.0 4.2 37.5 33.3 0.0 24 23.1 7.7 61.5 7.7 0.0 13

Black 2011
66.7 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 3

2008
27.1 2.7 47.6 20.9 1.8 3,801

2009
24.6 2.7 44.4 27.6 0.6 4,203

2010
19.8 3.2 58.0 16.7 2.3 3,948

2011
21.9 4.1 55.6 17.9 0.5 3,294

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 37.5 0.0 50.0 12.5 0.0 8 54.5 0.0 9.1 36.4 0.0 11 75.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
25.5 3.6 58.6 11.0 1.2 498

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

38.2 5.4 44.1 12.0 0.4 542 33.3 2.9 50.5 12.3 0.9 543

2011
37.2 3.3 48.0 11.6 0.0 492

2008
30.0 4.5 52.3 12.1 1.1 4,257

White 2009 2010

33.3 4.5 49.5 12.0 0.6 4,420 34.0 4.3 50.1 11.0 0.7 3,889

2011
32.3 5.5 52.6 9.5 0.1 3,841

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 5.6 0.0 66.7 27.8 0.0 18

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

8.0 0.0 28.0 64.0 0.0 25 8.7 0.0 60.9 26.1 4.3 23

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 15

2008
36.5 3.9 49.0 10.3 0.2 406

Two or More Races 2009 2010

33.1 3.9 55.6 7.0 0.3 610 37.0 3.1 53.6 5.8 0.4 702

2011
38.1 6.6 48.6 6.7 0.0 716

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MICHIGAN | OUTCOMES DATA | 183

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 36.6 44.6 12.3 3.6 2.8 <.1 4,616

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
36.5 43.7 12.9 3.8 3.0 <.1 4,714

2010
35.8 43.3 13.3 3.7 3.6 0.2 4,944

2011
39.2 42.3 11.8 3.5 2.9 0.3 4,484 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
91.7 2.9 0.9 4.5 8,044

2009
82.8 2.6 0.8 13.9 7,493

2010
88.6 3.1 2.0 6.3 8,021

2011
85.1 3.9 3.2 7.7 7,111

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 5.4 25.0 34.9 18.1 16.4 0.2 2,623

2009
4.7 30.1 34.7 16.2 14.3 <.1 2,953

2010
4.0 29.8 34.3 17.8 13.9 0.2 2,569

2011
3.5 31.0 34.7 17.5 13.2 <.1 2,429

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.9 14.1 0.0 9,319 85.8 14.2 0.0 8,850 87.8 12.2 0.0 9,203 88.1 11.9 0.0 8,311

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
72.4 27.6 0.0 8,478 72.7 27.3 0.0 8,219 73.6 26.4 0.0 7,368 74.4 25.6 0.0 7,165

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

43.7 56.3 0.0 46.0 54.0 0.0 44.6 55.4 0.0 9,060 44.7 55.3 0.0 7,877

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

92.1 7.9 0.0 38 96.9 3.1 0.0 32 87.5 12.5 0.0 48 96.8 3.2 0.0 93

11,111 10,514

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.0 2.1 97.9 0.0 5,932

2009
0.0 2.2 97.8 0.0 5,435

2010
0.4 1.0 98.5 <.1 5,840

2011
0.5 1.1 98.3 0.1 5,292

MICHIGAN | OUTCOMES DATA | 184

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 106.8 47.7

2009
111.0 52.0

2010
113.4 53.4

2011
110.1 56.5

12.5

11.6

11.4

10.8

24.4 3.2

25.2 3.3

24.0 3.8

28.9 6.6

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 95.6 30.6 29.5 23.7

2009
108.3 34.8 28.7 27.9

2010
111.0 34.0 29.1 28.8

2011
119.9 34.5 28.9 31.4

11.8

14.0

16.4

14.4

33.5

38.8

40.1

44.3

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 118.5 27.6 96.4

2009
125.5 31.4 96.7

2010
124.4 33.4 96.8

2011
131.7 36.4 97.6

48.7

46.2

48.8

44.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 105.4 85.8 72.5 45.3

2009
106.3 85.6 73.0 47.7

2010
107.8 87.6 74.0 46.3

2011
108.3 87.9 74.6 46.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MICHIGAN | OUTCOMES DATA | 185

Minnesota

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
5,824 5.7 6,071 785

2009
4,961 4.7 5,471 660

2010
4,668 4.4 5,107 627

2011
4,552 4.6 5,090 572

1,262,103 1,260,797 1,282,527 1,277,526 1.5 5.0 6.6 <.1 7.2 76.5 3.2 11.4 1.5 5.0 6.6 <.1 7.5 76.1 3.2 14.1 1.4 5.3 7.4 <.1 7.9 73.5 4.5 15.2 1.4 5.4 7.4 <.1 8.2 73.1 4.6 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 40 3,270 8,169 86 14,304 16,565

2009
47 3,786 8,069 88 19,447 22,046

2010
55 4,117 7,455 88 16,572 18,831

2011
57 4,329 7,558 87 22,180 25,386

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 26,483 5,824 16

2008

Rate

Number
25,083 4,961 21

2009

Rate

Number
25,341 4,668 14

2010

Rate

Number
25,703 4,552 15

2011

Rate

21.0 per 1,000 4.6 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

19.9 per 1,000 3.9 per 1,000 1.7 per 100,000

19.8 per 1,000 3.6 per 1,000 1.1 per 100,000

20.1 per 1,000 3.6 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.2 7.2 6.3 6.8 6.5 6.6 7.3 5.8 6.0 5.3 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.3 3.6 3.0 1.8 <.1 0.7 5,824

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.1 6.8 7.1 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.0 5.3 5.3 4.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.3 3.1 2.1 0.2 0.5 4,961

2010
11.9 6.9 6.5 6.4 7.2 6.2 6.6 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.0 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.2 <.1 0.4 4,668

2011
12.2 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.4 5.4 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 <.1 0.2 4,552 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
7.8 2.6 22.4 <.1 10.3 41.4 10.1 5.3 5,824

2009
7.8 2.7 21.9 0.0 11.2 39.2 10.7 6.6 4,961

2010
7.5 1.8 20.4 <.1 11.5 45.5 12.4 0.7 4,668

2011
9.1 2.7 19.4 0.0 11.6 44.5 12.1 0.7 4,552

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MINNESOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 186

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.9 1.1 71.7 17.7 16.1 0.0 0.0 5,824

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.7 1.1 69.0 19.5 17.7 0.0 0.0 4,668

2009
0.8 1.4 70.7 19.3 15.9 0.0 0.0 4,961

2011
1.1 1.0 68.9 20.6 17.6 0.0 0.0 4,552 Mean Median

2008
59.4 >24 but<48

2009
49.5 >24 but<48

2010
43.1 >24 but<48

2011
44.9 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 6,387 11.4 5,733 11.6 5,141 12.2 4,790 10.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,182 N/A 5,961 N/A 5,587 N/A 5,885 N/A

2008
7,498 4.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6,223 5.3 5,621 5.0 5,585 5.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,071 11.2 5,471 11.7 5,107 10.5 5,090 8.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.8 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.8 7.5 10.6 11.9 12.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 5.9 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.6 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.3 4.1 5.0 7.3 9.6 12.8 14.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.3 5.8 5.5 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.5 4.4 5.0 6.5 9.0 11.6 14.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.9 5.7 7.3 7.9 10.8 12.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.8 5.3 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.8 5.8 8.7 11.3 11.9 9.4 0.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 10.5 4.8 4.8 4.1 3.6 2.9 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.5 4.4 5.2 7.7 11.0 12.0 9.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 5.0 4.9 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.3 6.0 7.9 9.6 10.4 9.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 4.8 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 4.4 5.5 7.7 9.6 9.9 9.0 0.8 <.1 0.0 0.0

2008
4.8 6.0 5.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.2 4.0 6.4 9.2 10.1 12.2 7.4 0.5 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.6 5.9 5.4 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.4 4.2 6.3 9.0 10.5 10.2 11.4 0.3 0.0 <.1 4.9 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.8 4.3 5.6 7.9 8.6 15.2 7.0 0.4 0.0 <.1 4.2 5.5 5.9 5.0 4.5 4.1 3.3 3.7 2.6 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 4.6 6.6 7.6 9.0 16.6 4.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.1 5.8 4.9 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.5 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 4.1 5.1 7.3 9.9 13.0 13.6 1.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.3 5.6 5.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.4 4.4 5.1 6.7 9.1 11.6 14.1 1.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.4 5.5 5.3 4.8 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4 4.2 4.0 5.9 7.4 8.2 11.0 12.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.0 5.7 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.8 5.2 7.3 8.4 9.6 11.6 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 12.0 1.6 22.0 <.1 8.2 45.6 8.7 1.8 <.1 12.8 1.7 20.8 0.0 8.9 44.4 9.5 1.9 <.1 15.9 2.0 18.5 <.1 9.9 43.5 8.9 1.2 0.0 15.5 1.3 18.2 <.1 9.2 46.0 9.5 0.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

10.6 2.6 20.9 <.1 9.6 44.4 7.5 4.3 0.1 10.5 3.0 19.8 <.1 10.6 42.5 7.5 5.8 0.3 9.6 2.0 22.1 <.1 9.1 46.0 9.2 1.7 0.2 11.2 3.1 22.2 <.1 10.0 43.0 9.8 0.7 <.1

2008
10.0 2.6 21.8 <.1 9.1 45.6 7.0 3.8 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

8.2 2.7 22.1 <.1 9.9 44.4 8.1 4.4 0.1 10.5 2.5 22.0 <.1 9.5 43.8 9.0 2.5 0.1 10.4 2.3 22.2 <.1 9.6 45.3 9.7 0.4 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

12.8 1.6 20.9 0.0 8.8 44.2 9.3 2.2 <.1 15.6 1.9 18.3 <.1 9.6 42.3 8.9 3.3 0.2 15.0 1.4 18.6 <.1 9.5 45.9 9.2 0.4 <.1 16.1 2.2 18.4 <.1 9.7 43.4 9.6 0.4 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MINNESOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 187

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 1,391 1,189

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,227 1,138

2010
1,083 1,007

2011
960 907 Total children adopted

2008
785

2009
660

2010
627

2011
572

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 6.0 8.7 7.8 6.4 6.3 5.0 5.7 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.3 7.9 8.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.8 7.8 8.2 7.7 5.5 4.5 5.0 5.1 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.7 4.5 4.6 6.0 5.3 6.7 7.2

2009
4.1 8.0 9.0 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.2 5.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.8 4.6 5.7 6.7 8.4

2011
3.0 8.1 5.9 7.1 7.6 5.5 4.5 5.2 3.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.9 6.0 7.8 8.0 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.9 15.8 16.9 10.3 10.2 6.6 6.1 5.6 4.8 3.8 3.2 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0

2009
5.0 14.5 16.7 9.2 8.6 7.6 5.6 5.2 3.6 5.3 2.7 3.6 2.7 3.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0

2010
2.7 14.2 14.7 10.0 7.3 8.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 5.4 4.5 3.5 2.6 2.9 1.6 2.1 1.3 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
3.5 14.9 13.6 8.9 8.7 7.0 5.9 6.5 4.9 4.7 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.6 3.5 1.9 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 5.8 1.7 29.6 0.0 9.5 39.2 12.7 1.4 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 6.6 1.1 20.0 0.0 8.9 51.7 9.3 2.3 0.0

2009
6.1 1.4 29.7 0.0 9.8 40.7 10.5 1.8 <.1

2010
8.6 0.7 24.8 0.0 11.4 43.3 11.1 <.1 0.0

2011
10.5 0.6 22.7 0.0 12.5 42.6 10.9 0.1 0.0

2009
5.0 1.4 23.8 0.0 10.2 43.3 14.4 2.0 0.0

2010
5.7 1.8 26.3 0.0 10.0 41.6 13.1 1.4 0.0

2011
7.2 0.9 20.5 0.0 8.9 51.2 11.4 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MINNESOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 188

Minnesota

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.0 6.0 2,922

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.29 99.71 13,569

2009
94.3 5.7 2,428

2010
95.0 5.0 2,265

2011
94.4 5.6 2,196

2009
0.34 99.66 11,694

2010
0.23 99.77 10,728

2011
0.34 99.66 10,675

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 10.5 7.8 69.4 12.3 0.0 7,498

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
10.2 9.3 67.1 13.3 0.0 5,585 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
10.6 8.6 66.8 14.0 0.0 6,223

2010
11.0 9.2 65.7 14.1 0.0 5,621

2008
12.1 4.9 61.1 21.9 0.0 2,331

2009
11.6 5.9 59.3 23.1 0.0 2,182

2010
14.4 4.8 56.2 24.6 0.0 2,041

2011

13.6
4.4
58.9
23.1
0.0
2,004

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.5 2.1 77.1 20.3 0.0 3,325

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 29.1 70.9 0.0 687

2009
0.4 3.6 72.7 23.3 0.0 2,867

2010
0.7 3.2 70.4 25.7 0.0 2,450

2011
0.6 3.0 72.7 23.7 0.0 2,427

2009
25.8 74.2 0.0 666

2010
22.4 77.6 0.0 608

2011
22.4 77.6 0.0 558

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 7.0 14.8 65.5 12.7 0.0 748

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

6.3 16.9 61.8 15.1 0.0 510 5.8 20.0 57.7 16.6 0.0 591 6.9 18.4 58.1 16.7 0.0 582

2008
4.7 5.7 82.3 7.3 0.0 192

Asian 2009 2010

5.3 8.2 77.6 8.8 0.0 170 7.8 12.1 69.5 10.6 0.0 141

Black 2011
3.8 4.6 77.9 13.7 0.0 131

2008
9.5 7.3 68.8 14.3 0.0 1,636

2009
11.3 7.3 67.6 13.8 0.0 1,375

2010
13.3 5.7 67.7 13.2 0.0 1,237

2011
9.4 6.4 70.7 13.5 0.0 1,241

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
10.3 6.2 74.2 9.4 0.0 681

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

10.9 9.2 71.3 8.6 0.0 617 11.0 9.9 66.9 12.2 0.0 534

2011
9.6 10.3 70.6 9.6 0.0 534

2008
12.0 6.8 68.4 12.9 0.0 3,416

White 2009 2010

10.4 7.6 65.7 16.3 0.0 2,762 10.6 7.8 66.2 15.5 0.0 2,464

2011
11.6 8.5 66.2 13.6 0.0 2,528

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.3 8.0 79.4 6.3 0.0 286

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

5.1 5.1 83.6 6.2 0.0 275 6.4 4.3 80.7 8.6 0.0 140

2011
0.0 4.2 83.3 12.5 0.0 24

2008
13.6 8.3 67.4 10.6 0.0 528

Two or More Races 2009 2010

18.6 10.9 57.4 13.1 0.0 505 16.0 11.9 61.0 11.1 0.0 505

2011
12.2 10.1 66.3 11.4 0.0 543

2008
0.0 0.0 71.4 28.6 0.0 7

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 7

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MINNESOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 189

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 89.3 8.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 <.1 5,205

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
87.9 9.7 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.0 4,160

2010
88.4 8.8 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.0 3,693

2011
88.7 8.9 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.0 3,750 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
63.7 21.3 14.7 0.3 7,182

2009
62.5 20.7 16.2 0.6 5,961

2010
63.3 19.3 16.9 0.5 5,587

2011
65.9 19.7 14.2 0.3 5,885

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 6.7 44.7 31.8 9.3 7.5 0.0 786

2009
9.1 42.8 28.5 11.0 8.7 0.0 657

2010
5.3 38.1 31.5 15.3 9.7 0.0 619

2011
7.9 39.9 30.8 12.1 9.4 0.0 572

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 87.5 12.5 0.0 8,555 86.8 13.2 0.0 7,124 87.8 12.2 0.0 6,629 86.6 13.4 0.0 6,950

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
54.3 45.7 0.0 2,311 58.4 41.6 0.0 2,106 60.0 40.0 0.0 1,793 61.1 38.9 0.0 1,719

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

28.8 71.2 0.0 2,651 28.2 71.8 0.0 2,432 29.9 70.1 0.0 2,267 30.5 69.5 0.0 1,966

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

98.1 1.9 0.0 52 96.9 3.1 0.0 32 97.4 2.6 0.0 39 97.5 2.5 0.0 40

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.2 12.4 84.5 0.0 3,740

2009
8.6 7.4 84.0 0.0 3,187

2010
8.4 5.3 86.2 0.0 3,097

2011
6.9 6.1 87.0 0.0 3,358

MINNESOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 190

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 115.8 87.4

2009
115.9 84.2

2010
117.0 85.3

2011
116.1 87.0

3.9

4.1

3.7

4.3

61.6 26.5

59.5 24.2

57.0 24.5

57.4 25.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 100.2 51.5 23.7 20.0

2009
102.5 51.8 23.4 17.8

2010
98.4 43.4 26.6 20.2

2011
97.5 47.7 25.6 20.3

2.3

3.3

2.8

2.9

40.8

45.5

38.0

43.5

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 110.4 19.3 90.5

2009
105.3 18.0 88.4

2010
110.3 21.2 89.4

2011
113.1 20.3 90.9

41.1

42.2

42.0

38.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 90.6 84.6 54.3 29.2

2009
91.6 83.8 58.4 28.5

2010
93.4 85.2 60.0 30.0

2011
92.7 83.9 61.1 31.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MINNESOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 191

Minnesota

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Christeen Borsheim, Director
Child Safety and Permanency Division
Department of Human Services

The following are Minnesotas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Minnesota is a State supervised county/tribal administered child welfare system with a comprehensive differential response child welfare continuum of Family Assessment and Family Investigation Responses. Additionally, one third of Minnesota counties/tribes provide early intervention supports and services through the Parent Support Outreach Program (PSOP) to families with at least one child under age 10 who are screened-out from the child protection system or are otherwise at risk. The differential response child welfare continuum has influenced Minnesotas continued decline in the number of child maltreatment victims and reduction in the rates of recurrence of child maltreatment. Seventy percent of all accepted child maltreatment reports receive a Family Assessment Response. Family Assessment Response is a strength-based family centered approach that does not result in determinations of child maltreatment, but rather focuses on parent engagement and partnership to achieve child safety. Minnesota has a steady ten-year declining trend in the number of children entering out of home care. Timeliness of Reunification rates are consistently above the federal performance standard. Despite small reductions year-to-year in the rate of reentry into out of home care, the percentage of children who reenter continues to be a challenge. Recent data analysis and technical assistance practice efforts are expected to demonstrate future improvement in the rate of reentry for Minnesota children. In 2009 the Minnesota Child Welfare Data Dashboard was implemented to provide information to the public as well as county and tribal decision makers on 10 key measures used to monitor the status of children served by Minnesotas child welfare system. These performance measures help monitor the outcomes of children touched by the child welfare system to assure children are safe, remain within their families when safe to do so, receive services so children can return home and be supported to remain in their home, live in safe, stable homes with relatives whenever possible, and achieve permanency through adoption, if needed. Several of the federal performance measures are represented on the Dashboard, updated on a quarterly basis. County and tribal decision makers utilize the Minnesota Child Welfare Data Dashboard to monitor local agency performance and engage in practice improvements with local stakeholders and community partners.

MINNESOTA | STATE COMMENT | 192

Mississippi

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 767,660 0.6 0.9 43.2 <.1 3.4 50.3 1.7 30.4

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
754,068 0.6 0.8 43.6 <.1 3.5 49.5 1.9 32.5

2009
767,742 0.6 0.9 43.2 <.1 3.5 50.1 1.7 31.0

2011
750,239 0.6 0.9 43.5 <.1 3.8 49.3 2.0 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
7,976 2.6 3,374 281

2009
7,883 2.6 3,340 306

2010
7,968 3.3 3,716 355

2011
7,246 3.0 3,684 334

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 74 3,735 5,078 68 24,025 35,531

2009
77 3,566 4,614 87 28,823 32,945

2010
81 4,094 5,057 92 33,434 36,235

2011
74 3,785 5,111 93 33,259 35,948

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 29,888 7,976 17

2008

Rate

Number
31,284 7,883 14

2009

Rate

Number
32,108 7,968 17

2010

Rate

Number
32,822 7,246 13

2011

Rate

38.9 per 1,000 10.4 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

40.7 per 1,000 10.3 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

42.6 per 1,000 10.6 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

43.7 per 1,000 9.7 per 1,000 1.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 10.9 5.9 6.4 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.7 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.0 2.5 0.2 0.0 7,976

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.0 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.3 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.5 4.6 2.6 0.3 0.0 7,883

2010
9.6 6.5 5.9 6.3 5.6 6.2 6.4 5.7 5.6 5.7 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.4 4.9 4.7 2.5 0.2 0.0 7,968

2011
10.2 6.4 6.6 5.9 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.7 2.8 0.2 0.0 7,246 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.2 0.1 43.4 <.1 2.3 47.0 1.5 5.4 7,976

2009
0.3 0.2 46.0 0.1 1.8 45.5 1.1 5.0 7,883

2010
0.2 0.2 41.3 <.1 2.2 51.0 1.2 4.0 7,968

2011
0.5 0.1 43.2 <.1 2.9 48.5 1.4 3.5 7,246

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MISSISSIPPI | CONTEXT DATA | 193

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 10.8 3.8 59.4 18.2 14.0 0.0 0.4 7,976

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
10.5 4.2 63.6 19.5 12.2 0.0 0.3 7,968

2009
10.3 3.9 60.9 17.8 13.8 0.0 0.4 7,883

2011
11.5 3.6 67.3 18.7 11.8 0.0 0.2 7,246 Mean Median

2008
85.9 >24 but<48

2009
136.2 >24 but<48

2010
79.3 >24 but<48

2011
116.0 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 3,309 13.1 3,282 13.0 3,318 12.9 3,588 12.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,023 N/A 1,968 N/A 2,474 N/A 2,244 N/A

2008
1,958 12.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,910 12.7 2,076 11.8 2,148 12.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,374 13.2 3,340 13.5 3,716 11.7 3,684 13.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.6 7.0 5.6 6.0 5.2 5.3 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 4.4 6.0 6.7 7.1 5.3 3.1 1.0 0.5 <.1 6.2 8.5 6.8 6.0 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.8 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.6 4.6 5.6 6.9 7.0 6.0 2.8 1.5 0.3 <.1 6.1 7.7 7.5 6.0 5.2 5.2 4.2 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.8 4.7 6.9 7.5 6.2 3.1 1.3 0.6 <.1 5.8 7.6 7.2 6.8 5.5 5.1 4.9 3.8 4.8 3.7 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.3 5.1 7.6 7.1 3.3 1.2 0.5 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.0 7.8 6.9 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.7 5.3 5.9 5.8 5.6 2.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 16.1 8.0 6.5 6.1 5.7 4.9 4.7 4.2 3.6 4.3 3.6 3.2 3.6 4.4 5.6 6.4 6.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 7.9 7.3 6.5 5.6 4.7 6.1 4.6 4.8 3.9 3.9 3.3 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.9 6.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 7.9 7.0 5.4 5.1 5.3 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.7 4.4 5.7 5.3 3.7 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

2008
3.6 7.6 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.5 4.4 6.1 4.9 4.3 5.0 3.9 3.2 3.5 4.4 5.1 5.9 4.9 4.6 1.4 1.2 0.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.2 8.3 8.4 7.2 5.9 4.8 4.6 5.1 4.7 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.4 5.4 5.9 4.3 5.4 1.3 1.0 0.2 5.0 7.9 8.8 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.3 4.6 4.5 3.4 4.4 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.7 5.7 4.3 1.7 0.9 0.4 3.7 7.4 8.7 7.4 6.1 5.9 4.7 5.4 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.8 4.8 1.3 1.1 0.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.7 8.5 6.7 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.6 4.8 5.6 6.8 6.9 6.0 2.9 1.4 0.3 0.2 6.0 7.4 7.7 6.0 5.3 5.3 4.2 4.5 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.8 4.8 6.6 7.4 6.3 3.3 1.3 0.7 0.1 5.7 7.6 7.2 6.7 5.4 5.0 5.0 3.9 5.1 3.6 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.5 4.4 5.1 7.5 6.9 3.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 5.9 7.5 6.9 6.4 5.6 5.2 4.7 4.1 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.5 3.7 5.3 5.8 7.2 4.1 2.0 0.5 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 51.2 <.1 2.0 44.1 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 52.7 0.1 2.0 42.2 2.2 0.6 <.1 <.1 0.2 53.0 <.1 2.4 42.1 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 48.5 0.0 2.2 46.4 1.8 0.7 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.0 48.0 <.1 2.5 46.0 2.1 0.9 <.1 0.2 <.1 47.8 <.1 2.6 46.1 1.6 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 41.6 0.0 2.8 52.8 1.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 46.5 <.1 4.1 46.0 2.0 1.2 <.1

2008
0.1 <.1 45.8 0.0 2.7 48.7 2.2 0.5 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.0 47.5 <.1 2.4 46.3 2.4 1.0 0.2 <.1 0.1 45.9 0.1 3.1 48.4 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 44.6 0.0 2.9 50.1 1.5 0.8 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.0 52.4 0.1 1.9 42.6 2.2 0.7 <.1 <.1 <.1 52.8 0.1 2.2 42.2 1.7 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 49.3 0.0 2.3 45.7 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 49.5 <.1 3.0 44.0 2.1 0.9 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSISSIPPI | CONTEXT DATA | 194

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 1,025 483

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
985 532

2010
861 470

2011
905 483 Total children adopted

2008
281

2009
306

2010
355

2011
334

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 4.7 9.4 9.1 6.5 6.3 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.0 3.3 5.4 6.4 5.4 4.5 3.5

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.7 6.5 8.0 9.2 5.7 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.2 6.3 5.5 5.7 4.5 4.1 6.9 6.4 4.2

2009
3.6 7.4 10.2 6.9 5.9 6.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.4 4.9 4.7 3.9 3.6 5.6 7.3 6.2 3.0

2011
1.7 7.6 8.4 6.6 7.8 6.3 5.9 4.8 4.0 5.7 4.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.1 5.3 6.1 4.8 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.4 7.8 11.0 9.6 9.6 8.2 6.4 7.8 7.5 3.9 6.4 4.3 3.6 2.5 2.1 1.8 3.9 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 9.2 16.7 11.4 9.5 5.9 6.5 7.5 5.2 4.6 5.9 2.6 3.9 2.3 2.3 2.9 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0

2010
1.1 8.7 14.9 13.8 9.9 9.0 6.8 4.5 5.6 3.4 4.5 4.5 2.8 3.7 2.0 2.3 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0

2011
0.9 6.6 13.5 14.7 7.5 6.6 6.9 6.3 6.9 4.2 4.8 5.1 3.3 3.3 2.4 3.3 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.3 2.4 41.4 3.1 0.8 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 38.4 0.0 3.2 55.5 2.8 0.0 0.0

2009
0.1 0.0 52.7 0.2 2.5 41.1 2.4 0.9 0.0

2010
0.1 0.0 53.1 0.0 1.6 41.6 3.4 0.2 0.0

2011
0.1 0.1 49.9 0.0 1.9 45.1 2.4 0.4 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 40.2 0.3 2.9 50.7 4.9 1.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 42.5 0.6 3.7 50.1 2.5 0.6 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 38.3 0.0 2.7 55.7 3.3 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSISSIPPI | CONTEXT DATA | 195

Mississippi

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.9 6.1 3,645

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 1.46 98.54 5,332

2009
94.6 5.4 3,624

2010
94.0 6.0 3,691

2011
92.6 7.4 3,310

2009
1.81 98.19 5,250

2010
1.88 98.12 5,792

2011
1.59 98.41 5,832

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 14.9 6.8 71.6 6.0 0.7 1,958

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
15.7 5.6 73.5 4.9 0.3 2,148 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.0 4.9 74.0 6.0 0.1 1,910

2010
16.2 4.3 73.1 6.1 0.2 2,076

2008
26.8 8.7 53.2 10.8 0.4 231

2009
31.5 2.8 57.3 8.5 0.0 213

2010
40.7 3.7 46.5 9.1 0.0 241

2011
38.6
3.3
48.4
8.8
0.9
215

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.5 4.1 76.6 16.6 1.1 458

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 37.1 62.9 0.0 89

2009
2.8 3.6 77.5 15.9 0.2 472

2010
1.3 4.4 76.5 17.6 0.2 459

2011
2.3 4.5 78.2 14.8 0.2 514

2009
27.6 72.4 0.0 76

2010
30.4 69.6 0.0 79

2011
21.6 78.4 0.0 74

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

2008
12.6 5.0 73.4 8.0 0.9 896

2009
12.2 4.7 75.9 7.1 0.1 907

2010
15.0 3.4 73.5 7.9 0.3 953

2011
13.4 4.0 76.1 6.3 0.3 958

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 66.7 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
17.3 5.8 73.1 3.8 0.0 52

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

20.0 2.2 60.0 17.8 0.0 45 20.3 3.1 76.6 0.0 0.0 64

2011
14.5 1.6 80.6 3.2 0.0 62

2008
17.1 8.3 69.7 4.4 0.5 953

White 2009 2010

16.7 5.1 73.6 4.4 0.1 884 16.7 5.1 73.0 5.0 0.2 1,005

2011
17.6 7.3 71.0 3.8 0.3 1,076

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 10.0 90.0 0.0 0.0 10

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

15.8 5.3 78.9 0.0 0.0 19 15.4 7.7 76.9 0.0 0.0 13

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 18

2008
16.3 14.0 67.4 2.3 0.0 43

Two or More Races 2009 2010

32.6 6.5 56.5 4.3 0.0 46 27.3 9.1 63.6 0.0 0.0 33

2011
37.5 9.4 50.0 3.1 0.0 32

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSISSIPPI | OUTCOMES DATA | 196

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 60.6 26.3 6.8 2.8 3.6 0.0 1,402

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
60.5 27.2 6.9 2.8 2.5 0.0 1,414

2010
66.7 21.7 6.6 2.0 3.0 0.0 1,518

2011
63.7 25.8 6.4 1.8 2.3 0.0 1,578 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
89.4 4.4 6.1 0.0 2,023

2009
86.8 5.4 7.7 0.0 1,968

2010
89.0 4.7 6.2 0.0 2,474

2011
88.5 4.5 7.0 0.0 2,244

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.8 14.7 33.6 22.9 25.0 0.0 292

2009
3.5 28.2 30.3 17.4 20.6 0.0 287

2010
4.5 30.0 31.2 21.7 12.8 0.0 337

2011
3.6 23.1 32.2 21.6 19.5 0.0 338

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 79.2 19.9 0.9 2,490 81.0 18.7 0.3 2,451 80.5 18.2 1.3 2,970 77.8 20.1 2.1 2,786

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
56.5 43.1 0.4 1,300 56.9 43.0 0.2 1,310 56.0 43.5 0.5 1,315 52.5 47.4 <.1 1,503

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

28.1 71.9 0.0 1,542 26.8 73.2 0.0 1,489 28.1 71.9 0.0 1,503 29.7 70.3 0.0 1,540

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4 66.7 33.3 0.0 3

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 10.2 1.5 88.4 0.0 1,485

2009
13.9 2.2 83.9 0.0 1,443

2010
7.4 1.1 91.6 0.0 1,876

2011
4.3 1.9 93.7 0.0 1,644

MISSISSIPPI | OUTCOMES DATA | 197

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 126.6 65.0

2009
130.1 67.3

2010
133.4 72.6

2011
134.5 70.0

7.9

7.8

6.5

7.4

46.2 5.1

51.8 6.9

48.3 7.2

48.2 6.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 115.5 18.6 35.1 24.2

2009
120.9 31.8 30.3 21.7

2010
114.9 34.5 29.5 24.5

2011
116.3 26.7 32.1 23.7

20.3

16.8

11.7

17.8

57.4

58.5

60.0

56.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 119.8 36.6 95.2

2009
129.6 32.0 94.9

2010
138.2 33.9 95.9

2011
137.1 31.8 95.5

49.7

42.0

36.9

34.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 88.4 79.4 57.1 29.7

2009
87.9 80.6 57.1 27.9

2010
88.8 80.9 56.3 29.8

2011
85.6 78.5 52.8 31.3

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MISSISSIPPI | OUTCOMES DATA | 198

Mississippi

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Mark Smith, Executive Deputy Director
Division of Family and Childrens Services
Department of Human Services

The following are Mississippis comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Walter R. McDonald & Associates (WRMA) MACWIS Alternatives Analysis Project The Division of Family and Childrens Services (DFCS) collaborated with Walter R. McDonald & Associates (WRMA) to analyze DFCS use of the Mississippi Automated Child Welfare Information System (MACWIS) in order to recommend strategies to improve its utility to the department. DFCS entered a contract with WRMA in December 2010 which was finalized in January 2011. The WRMA contract provided professional services and assisted department staffing in analyzing alternatives in enhancing or replacing the technologies which comprise the MACWIS system. This project began April 2011. The MACWIS Alternative Analysis Project was comprised of phases of development: The first phase was an assessment of the MACWIS system; to identify deficiencies in the existing system, business processes, policies, regulations and practices. WRMA held sessions at State Office for discussion from May 2011 July 2011 with users of the MACWIS system. All program areas, three region offices (I-S, III-S, and IV-S) and county staff utilized the MACWIS system in all the functional and program areas. In addition, WRMA held similar sessions with Management Information System (MIS) to assess current system architecture and needs for a future system. The assessment phases and work of this project commenced in June 2011. The second phase of the project was to develop current and future system requirements derived from the assessments. These requirements are to support DFCS current and planned business processes, which are requirements of the Olivia Y. et al. v. Barbour Lawsuit, Reform Plan (Settlement Agreement), Annual Implementation Plans, Council on Accreditation (COA) and Federal State Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS). A review session for final requirements was held in December 2011. Reviewers included key State office management staff and some county staff that had participated in previous review sessions. This team reviewed and approved the final set of requirements. The final recommendations provided DFCS with available alternatives which included a cost benefit analysis and a proposed solution.

MISSISSIPPI | STATE COMMENT | 199

Missouri

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
5,528 3.0 7,790 873

2009
5,451 3.4 8,552 1,095

2010
5,509 3.8 9,635 1,236

2011
6,085 4.2 10,772 1,199

1,434,930 1,431,338 1,423,109 1,412,121 0.4 1.6 14.0 <.1 5.3 75.9 2.7 18.6 0.4 1.7 13.9 <.1 5.5 75.6 2.7 20.7 0.4 1.6 13.9 0.1 5.7 74.5 3.7 20.9 0.4 1.7 13.8 0.1 5.9 74.3 3.8 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 48 180 375 93 1,124 1,206

2009
76 9,820 12,843 96 72,722 76,096

2010
82 11,043 13,499 98 84,813 86,756

2011
87 12,562 14,402 99 98,998 100,121

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 70,743 5,528 42

2008

Rate

Number
71,849 5,451 39

2009

Rate

Number
74,026 5,509 31

2010

Rate

Number
87,259 6,085 36

2011

Rate

49.3 per 1,000 3.9 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

50.2 per 1,000 3.8 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

52.0 per 1,000 3.9 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

61.8 per 1,000 4.3 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 7.1 6.4 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.0 5.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.5 6.3 6.1 5.1 2.1 <.1 <.1 5,528

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
6.9 6.4 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.2 5.6 5.0 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.4 6.0 5.9 5.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 5,451

2010
7.1 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.4 6.7 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.0 4.4 3.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 6.1 5.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 5,509

2011
7.2 6.8 7.9 7.8 7.2 6.7 5.8 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.5 5.2 5.0 3.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 6,085 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.3 0.3 19.6 0.1 3.7 74.1 0.0 1.8 5,528

2009
0.3 0.3 19.8 0.1 4.1 73.9 0.0 1.5 5,451

2010
0.2 0.3 17.8 <.1 3.9 76.0 0.0 1.9 5,509

2011
0.2 0.1 16.8 0.2 3.5 76.5 0.0 2.6 6,085

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MISSOURI | CONTEXT DATA | 200

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 5.8 52.6 29.1 27.6 0.0 1.3 5,528

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
3.8 2.9 55.0 29.7 27.1 0.0 0.0 5,509

2009
5.2 2.7 51.3 31.8 27.4 0.0 0.0 5,451

2011
3.9 2.9 58.3 28.6 23.1 0.0 0.0 6,085 Mean Median

2008
31.1 <24

2009
30.1 <24

2010
27.8 <24

2011
28.8 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,845 16.8 8,217 16.2 8,999 15.2 9,952 13.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4,236 N/A 4,857 N/A 5,471 N/A 5,875 N/A

2008
4,297 13.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4,524 13.6 4,838 14.9 5,059 15.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,790 17.0 8,552 15.7 9,635 13.9 10,772 14.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.1 5.7 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.6 6.0 7.4 8.3 7.6 4.4 2.8 1.9 <.1 5.8 7.0 5.6 5.3 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.5 4.2 5.8 7.2 8.1 7.3 4.8 2.7 1.8 0.0 5.5 6.5 6.2 5.4 5.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 5.2 6.6 8.1 7.2 4.7 3.1 2.1 0.0 5.9 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.6 6.7 6.6 4.2 2.8 2.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.9 7.7 6.5 5.9 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.0 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 5.3 5.6 6.8 6.1 1.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.8 7.9 7.0 5.7 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.7 5.5 6.3 5.8 1.8 <.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 16.0 8.1 7.4 6.4 6.1 5.4 4.7 5.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.5 4.3 4.7 4.6 5.2 5.4 1.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 7.1 6.6 7.1 6.5 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.5 5.4 5.1 4.7 1.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.9 7.4 6.7 6.4 6.4 5.1 5.5 4.7 4.9 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.3 1.7 2.4 1.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.1 8.3 8.6 6.3 5.9 5.1 5.2 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.4 4.0 4.1 5.4 4.3 4.8 1.4 1.9 1.7 4.7 7.9 7.4 7.1 5.7 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.1 5.8 4.7 5.0 2.3 3.7 1.0 4.7 8.0 8.1 7.2 7.2 5.9 5.5 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.0 5.4 1.6 3.7 0.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.5 6.6 5.6 5.5 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.1 5.5 7.1 8.0 7.7 5.5 3.0 2.1 <.1 5.2 6.8 6.1 5.3 5.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.0 5.0 6.6 8.0 7.3 4.7 3.3 2.1 <.1 5.7 6.8 6.7 5.8 5.5 5.0 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.9 4.5 4.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 4.4 2.8 2.1 <.1 5.5 6.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.5 6.3 5.8 3.8 2.7 2.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.3 31.2 <.1 2.9 63.7 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 30.9 0.1 2.8 63.7 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.2 28.9 0.1 2.8 65.7 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 26.8 <.1 2.8 68.0 0.9 1.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.2 25.5 0.2 3.8 67.7 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.3 23.7 <.1 3.6 69.8 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 20.3 <.1 3.8 72.8 1.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 20.2 0.2 3.5 72.5 1.3 2.0 0.0

2008
0.1 0.3 23.4 <.1 3.8 70.5 1.1 0.6 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.4 0.3 26.9 0.1 3.6 66.7 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 23.6 0.1 4.0 69.5 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 24.3 0.2 3.2 70.0 0.8 1.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.2 32.4 0.1 2.9 62.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.2 29.0 0.1 2.8 65.6 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.3 26.7 <.1 2.8 67.8 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 24.3 <.1 3.0 69.5 1.1 1.5 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSOURI | CONTEXT DATA | 201

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,907 950

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,020 896

2010
1,955 912

2011
2,013 850
Total children adopted

2008
873

2009
1,095

2010
1,236

2011
1,199

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.0 7.8 7.0 7.8 5.1 6.2 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.2 6.2 4.7 5.5 4.7 6.3 7.9 5.0 2.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
2.5 7.3 8.1 6.1 6.1 6.6 4.7 5.9 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.3 6.1 7.2 5.6 3.5

2009
3.3 7.8 7.4 6.3 7.2 5.4 6.0 5.6 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.5 6.8 5.0 3.4

2011
2.0 6.9 7.4 6.6 6.8 5.8 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.0 6.2 6.2 5.5 3.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.7 12.4 10.1 10.7 8.6 6.8 8.0 5.8 5.6 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.4 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.0

2009
2.6 14.1 13.7 9.4 7.7 7.1 6.3 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.7 3.8 3.3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.6 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0

2010
3.1 12.5 12.2 10.3 7.6 8.1 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.2 3.7 3.7 4.1 2.9 2.5 2.3 3.1 2.2 0.9 0.2 <.1

2011
4.0 13.5 13.8 9.5 9.6 7.9 6.8 6.2 5.3 4.2 3.7 2.5 2.9 2.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.3 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.4 37.1 0.2 3.2 56.7 1.1 1.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.2 24.4 0.1 5.0 68.8 0.6 0.6 0.0

2009
<.1 0.4 33.0 <.1 2.7 61.8 1.0 0.9 0.0

2010
0.2 0.2 34.1 0.0 1.8 62.2 0.7 0.8 0.0

2011
0.1 0.3 30.9 0.2 3.1 62.9 0.8 1.5 0.0

2009
0.6 0.4 28.4 0.3 4.1 63.7 1.4 1.2 0.0

2010
0.2 0.6 24.3 <.1 4.3 68.4 1.4 0.6 0.0

2011
0.3 0.3 27.4 0.0 2.8 67.5 0.9 0.8 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSOURI | CONTEXT DATA | 202

Missouri

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.1 2.9 2,455

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.36 99.64 12,081

2009
96.1 3.9 2,586

2010
97.3 2.7 2,482

2011
96.7 3.3 2,625

2009
0.32 99.68 13,074

2010
0.39 99.61 14,470

2011
0.20 99.80 15,827

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 19.9 7.4 62.9 9.8 0.0 4,297

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
21.8 7.1 60.1 11.0 0.0 5,059 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
21.4 3.7 65.0 9.9 0.0 4,524

2010
22.7 4.6 60.8 11.9 0.0 4,838

2008
17.5 6.8 61.3 14.4 0.0 1,135

2009
21.4 3.8 60.4 14.3 0.0 1,418

2010
25.3 4.5 51.2 19.0 0.0 1,567

2011

23.3
7.7
50.4
18.7
0.0
1,592

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.1 6.7 62.5 26.8 0.0 1,005

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 33.8 65.9 0.3 299

2009
3.8 4.1 64.4 27.7 0.0 1,035

2010
4.2 3.9 59.2 32.6 0.0 1,202

2011
3.4 6.3 59.3 31.0 0.0 1,136

2009
32.9 67.1 0.0 340

2010
30.7 69.3 0.0 430

2011
36.6 63.4 0.0 424

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 6

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

41.2 0.0 58.8 0.0 0.0 17 23.1 0.0 61.5 15.4 0.0 13 50.0 0.0 37.5 12.5 0.0 8

2008
13.3 0.0 73.3 13.3 0.0 15

Asian 2009 2010

28.6 0.0 50.0 21.4 0.0 14 80.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 10

Black 2011
22.2 0.0 77.8 0.0 0.0 9

2008
19.4 6.5 59.4 14.7 0.0 1,006

2009
23.0 2.9 60.4 13.7 0.0 1,215

2010
23.4 3.1 55.7 17.7 0.0 1,144

2011
24.2 4.5 53.2 18.2 0.0 1,228

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4 60.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 5 16.7 0.0 66.7 16.7 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 88.9 11.1 0.0 9

2008
25.0 1.8 67.1 6.1 0.0 164

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

20.2 3.7 72.4 3.7 0.0 163 27.5 2.1 62.7 7.8 0.0 193

2011
18.0 3.7 73.3 5.0 0.0 161

2008
19.9 8.1 63.7 8.3 0.0 3,029

White 2009 2010

20.5 4.0 66.7 8.8 0.0 3,017 22.1 5.2 62.4 10.2 0.0 3,360

2011
21.2 8.2 61.6 9.0 0.0 3,541

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.4 7.7 50.0 26.9 0.0 26

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

28.9 2.2 55.6 13.3 0.0 45 13.0 4.3 63.0 19.6 0.0 46

2011
15.0 8.3 71.7 5.0 0.0 60

2008
12.8 10.6 74.5 2.1 0.0 47

Two or More Races 2009 2010

25.0 6.3 66.7 2.1 0.0 48 22.7 4.5 68.2 4.5 0.0 66

2011
27.9 7.0 65.1 0.0 0.0 43

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MISSOURI | OUTCOMES DATA | 203

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 64.2 24.3 6.2 2.5 2.6 0.2 2,703

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
64.6 24.3 6.7 2.3 2.0 <.1 2,941

2010
61.2 26.8 6.9 3.0 2.0 <.1 2,943

2011
61.3 27.3 7.7 1.5 2.2 <.1 3,042 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
84.5 6.6 8.8 0.1 4,236

2009
82.7 6.2 11.1 0.0 4,857

2010
83.0 6.8 10.2 <.1 5,471

2011
82.5 6.5 11.0 0.0 5,875

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 11.6 28.1 31.0 14.3 15.1 0.0 855

2009
10.3 30.1 30.7 13.4 15.5 0.0 969

2010
7.9 29.1 31.0 18.1 13.8 <.1 1,098

2011
10.7 35.4 28.9 11.8 13.1 <.1 1,102

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 67.5 31.8 0.7 5,012 69.4 29.7 0.9 5,682 74.7 24.5 0.8 6,326 80.3 18.9 0.8 6,874

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
51.2 48.6 0.1 2,800 52.6 47.3 <.1 3,011 54.1 45.7 0.2 3,563 60.7 39.1 0.2 4,263

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.8 80.0 0.1 4,266 22.6 77.3 0.1 4,381 23.0 76.9 <.1 4,575 25.0 74.9 0.1 4,681

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 100.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 83.3 0.0 16.7 6 77.8 0.0 22.2 9

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.5 6.4 93.0 <.1 3,114

2009
0.6 5.8 93.6 0.0 3,660

2010
0.3 5.9 93.8 0.0 4,248

2011
0.3 6.0 93.7 0.0 4,578

MISSOURI | OUTCOMES DATA | 204

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 118.1 68.6

2009
120.3 66.0

2010
109.3 64.0

2011
121.2 67.3

7.2

7.8

8.3

8.1

32.3 10.7

40.5 9.0

34.3 11.5

32.9 7.7

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 110.7 39.8 27.3 20.2

2009
122.9 40.5 26.7 21.2

2010
125.5 37.2 28.6 25.0

2011
129.7 46.3 25.1 23.0

13.6

13.8

15.2

13.7

44.1

57.4

56.9

56.9

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 109.2 24.9 96.4

2009
115.7 25.3 96.6

2010
119.1 29.7 97.1

2011
124.6 27.2 96.7

58.2

55.0

51.7

46.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 72.5 66.5 51.6 22.0

2009
75.6 68.6 52.9 25.7

2010
80.8 74.1 54.6 26.6

2011
89.5 80.0 61.0 29.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MISSOURI | OUTCOMES DATA | 205

Missouri

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Candace A. Shively, Director
Children's Division
Department of Social Services

The following are Missouris comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Missouri continues to be dedicated to providing the most accurate data possible. We persist in our efforts to enhance our data systems to more thoroughly detail our compliance with the mandates of ASFA and to better serve our families. As part of an AFCARS improvement plan, Missouri resubmitted AFCARS data for 2008 through 2011; therefore, changes may be reflected in data from past reports. A change in NCANDS mapping resulted in medical neglect being reported in the correct category after 2009. Prior to 2009, medical neglect was included in the category of other. Missouri improved the percent of children having visits by caseworkers each year. A poster campaign featuring quotes from youth on the importance of visits, local improvement strategies and oversight from Regional Management and Quality Assurance specialists were activities involved in the statewide improvement effort to increase worker visits. The improvement in placement stability is likely contributed in part to the increased visits. Missouri has experienced a growth in the foster care population. As entries have increased, exits have declined. Consequently, the agency sought out technical assistance from the National Resource Center on Legal and Judicial Issues (NRCLJI) and recently held permanency summits with multidisciplinary partners to identify causes and incorporate targeted strategies across the States 45 judicial circuits to address factors contributing to the foster care growth. While the rate of children entering care for the first time has remained relatively steady, there has been a decrease in children re entering care within twelve months of a prior episode. Missouri strives to continue increasing permanency of older youth including increasing guardianships. Missouri has seen an increase in the percentage of children adopted within 24 months of entering foster care. The seeming discrepancy in Section D, between the number of children awaiting adoption and the number of children having a termination of parental rights, is likely to be reflective of the practice in some Missouri courts to delay termination of parental rights until an adoptive home has been found for a specific child or sibling group. Often these courts terminate parental rights and finalize adoptions in the same court proceeding. Missouri is aggressively working to improve the rates of timely reunification and the achievement of permanency of children in foster care for long periods of time. Specific strategies to address both of these issues are included in the States Program Improvement Plan. Missouris increased performance in these areas will undoubtedly improve the lives of the children we serve.

MISSOURI | STATE COMMENT | 206

Montana
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 220,377 9.5 0.8 1.3 <.1 5.1 80.1 3.1 20.6

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
222,979 9.4 0.6 0.5 <.1 5.0 80.3 4.1 20.1

2009
219,828 9.5 0.9 1.4 <.1 5.2 79.8 3.2 21.4

2011
222,354 9.3 0.6 0.7 <.1 5.2 79.8 4.3 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,625 4.5 1,600 242

2009
1,628 4.3 1,643 192

2010
1,442 4.3 1,741 191

2011
1,107 4.5 1,805 200

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 35 694 2,007 96

2009
51 936 1,845 96 6,735 7,007

2010
71 1,364 1,934 96 10,258 10,715

2011
50 1,205 2,393 93 8,289 8,951

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 13,366 1,625 1

2008

Rate

Number
13,901 1,628 0

2009

Rate

Number
12,904 1,442 0

2010

Rate

Number
13,041 1,107 0

2011

Rate

60.7 per 1,000 7.4 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

63.2 per 1,000 7.4 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

57.9 per 1,000 6.5 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

58.6 per 1,000 5.0 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.6 8.4 8.9 6.8 6.2 4.9 6.2 5.2 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.2 3.0 2.4 2.2 1.4 0.1 4.7 1,625

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.8 8.5 8.2 7.0 6.9 5.2 6.7 5.2 5.3 4.5 4.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.8 2.6 2.9 1.4 0.0 4.5 1,628

2010
11.2 7.4 8.3 8.2 6.4 5.8 6.7 6.0 5.8 4.6 5.0 3.8 4.6 3.7 3.0 3.4 2.1 1.1 0.0 2.9 1,442

2011
12.4 7.9 7.8 8.2 6.6 7.1 7.0 4.8 6.3 4.0 4.3 3.2 4.2 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.5 1.5 0.0 3.5 1,107 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
19.9 0.1 1.0 0.2 5.7 52.5 3.6 17.0 1,625

2009
18.6 0.0 1.1 <.1 4.4 55.9 4.4 15.5 1,628

2010
21.8 <.1 0.8 0.1 5.8 59.8 4.2 7.4 1,442

2011
22.1 <.1 0.6 0.0 5.3 60.9 4.6 6.3 1,107

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
MONTANA | CONTEXT DATA | 207

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 27.0 1.4 70.3 12.9 6.2 0.0 0.2 1,625

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
13.3 1.9 85.4 11.6 6.0 0.0 <.1 1,442

2009
21.3 1.5 78.6 12.8 5.8 0.0 0.2 1,628

2011
9.6 1.0 88.4 12.1 4.9 0.0 0.5 1,107 Mean Median

2008
212.6 >48 but<72

2009
173.2 >48 but<72

2010
128.6 >48 but<72

2011
129.9 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,705 18.8 1,613 16.9 1,662 16.6 1,747 15.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

995 N/A 942 N/A 955 N/A 996 N/A

2008
1,100 13.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

912 12.3 876 16.1 938 15.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,600 16.8 1,643 16.4 1,741 15.2 1,805 16.0

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.6 7.8 7.7 7.8 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.3 3.6 4.9 3.7 3.2 4.8 4.5 4.8 6.4 5.6 6.9 0.6 0.2 <.1 0.0 7.3 7.7 7.9 6.8 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.3 5.3 3.5 3.8 5.6 4.5 5.2 6.5 4.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 <.1 5.1 9.9 7.2 7.9 5.9 5.7 5.2 4.5 5.2 4.8 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.4 5.7 5.1 4.8 6.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 7.3 8.8 7.4 7.4 5.0 6.1 5.4 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.5 3.8 5.4 5.3 4.6 0.7 <.1 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.7 8.5 8.8 7.1 4.9 4.4 5.4 3.9 3.0 4.2 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.7 3.8 5.0 3.6 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 16.0 9.6 7.4 5.8 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.1 4.0 4.6 3.1 4.8 3.3 3.8 5.1 3.6 4.7 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 14.8 8.0 8.5 7.4 6.4 6.2 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.4 3.9 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.7 3.9 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 9.9 8.5 8.0 6.3 5.2 5.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 2.8 1.7 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.6 4.0 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

2008
4.5 8.3 9.1 8.8 6.9 5.2 5.9 5.7 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.4 5.3 7.2 0.3 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.9 9.1 8.6 7.5 5.9 6.4 5.3 4.5 5.0 3.9 4.3 5.4 3.5 4.9 2.9 3.9 3.7 5.5 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 4.1 8.0 8.9 8.0 7.6 5.9 5.3 4.8 5.3 4.2 4.2 3.2 2.7 2.5 3.5 4.0 3.3 7.6 6.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.3 7.0 8.4 8.5 7.7 5.5 6.1 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.0 7.0 3.4 0.5 0.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.9 7.6 8.1 6.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 5.3 3.5 3.7 5.2 4.8 5.1 6.4 5.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 <.1 4.9 9.6 7.3 7.7 6.0 5.3 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.1 4.7 3.5 3.3 5.8 5.0 5.1 6.5 1.6 0.1 <.1 0.1 4.3 7.5 8.8 7.4 7.4 5.2 6.0 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.7 3.8 4.7 4.4 3.9 5.6 5.4 4.9 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 7.1 7.0 8.0 8.2 7.6 6.5 5.3 5.8 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.8 0.7 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 33.6 <.1 0.7 <.1 5.7 52.9 5.1 1.9 0.0 36.6 <.1 1.2 0.1 6.4 47.7 6.1 1.8 <.1 36.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 6.3 47.8 6.9 1.7 0.0 36.3 0.0 1.4 0.2 7.2 47.1 7.3 0.6 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

32.1 0.0 2.1 0.1 6.6 51.0 5.2 2.8 0.1 27.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.9 56.4 7.2 2.9 0.0 34.0 0.4 1.7 0.2 5.0 51.5 5.5 1.6 0.0 30.9 0.0 0.8 0.1 7.6 54.3 5.0 1.1 0.1

2008
30.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 5.7 56.5 4.1 2.2 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

29.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 6.5 54.7 6.0 2.3 0.1 32.2 0.5 1.4 0.2 4.9 52.3 6.4 2.2 0.0 27.9 0.0 1.4 0.3 7.9 54.7 6.7 1.0 0.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

35.1 <.1 1.2 0.1 6.3 49.2 5.9 2.3 0.0 35.5 <.1 1.2 0.1 5.5 48.8 6.8 2.1 0.0 37.0 0.0 1.3 0.1 6.3 47.6 6.4 1.4 0.0 37.7 0.0 1.1 <.1 7.1 47.1 6.3 0.7 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MONTANA | CONTEXT DATA | 208

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 528 441

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
535 439

2010
495 350

2011
461 313 Total children adopted

2008
242

2009
192

2010
191

2011
200

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.9 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.5 4.2 4.5 5.1 3.8 5.9 3.8 3.4 7.2 5.9 7.8 10.0 8.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.6 4.8 8.3 5.5 6.3 6.1 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.8 5.3 4.4 7.7 4.6 5.7 8.5 7.5 5.9

2009
1.3 7.3 6.5 6.2 6.4 5.0 4.3 4.5 5.4 5.8 3.6 6.0 3.4 5.0 8.0 5.6 6.5 9.2

2011
2.4 4.1 6.7 8.0 5.9 4.6 5.4 5.2 4.8 3.9 5.2 5.2 5.2 7.6 4.8 5.0 7.8 8.2 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.7 9.9 15.3 14.0 9.1 7.4 6.2 6.2 5.0 2.9 5.4 3.7 3.3 1.7 2.1 0.8 2.1 2.5 0.8 0.0 0.0

2009
1.0 15.1 12.5 9.9 10.9 10.9 2.6 6.3 5.2 3.1 4.7 3.1 2.6 4.7 0.5 2.6 1.6 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.0

2010
2.6 8.9 14.7 13.6 13.1 4.2 7.3 6.8 4.7 7.3 3.7 3.7 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 5.5 10.5 13.5 11.5 8.5 6.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 6.5 4.0 5.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 26.3 0.2 1.1 0.2 6.6 58.1 5.5 1.9 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 11.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 9.1 71.9 7.0 0.0 0.0

2009
30.5 0.2 1.3 0.2 5.8 52.7 7.7 1.7 0.0

2010
25.7 0.0 1.8 0.0 7.5 54.7 9.1 1.2 0.0

2011
26.9 0.0 1.7 0.0 7.6 54.4 9.3 0.0 0.0

2009
13.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 8.3 68.2 8.3 0.5 0.0

2010
25.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 4.2 59.2 8.9 0.0 0.0

2011
19.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 9.5 58.5 10.5 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MONTANA | CONTEXT DATA | 209

Montana
O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.8 5.2 768

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.26 99.74 2,700

2009
94.1 5.9 760

2010
96.3 3.7 699

2011
96.2 3.8 557

2009
0.47 99.53 2,555

2010
0.11 99.89 2,617

2011
0.18 99.82 2,743

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 22.0 6.2 58.5 12.1 1.3 1,100

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
25.4 4.8 57.9 9.6 2.3 938 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
20.2 5.0 63.6 7.3 3.8 912

2010
21.2 4.6 59.9 12.6 1.7 876

2008
35.6 2.5 37.3 22.9 1.7 118

2009
31.9 4.3 42.6 17.0 4.3 94

2010
37.4 3.0 32.3 26.3 1.0 99

2011
48.2
3.6
30.9
14.4
2.9
139

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.9 4.3 57.6 31.9 4.3 210

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 46.2 53.8 0.0 104

2009
1.3 5.3 60.0 23.3 10.0 150

2010
0.7 4.0 57.3 36.0 2.0 150

2011
2.5 5.6 63.8 24.4 3.8 160

2009
43.1 56.9 0.0 51

2010
48.4 51.6 0.0 93

2011
52.1 47.9 0.0 73

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.4 10.9 64.7 13.3 1.8 331

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

9.3 7.5 69.8 9.0 4.5 268 17.7 6.0 63.1 11.3 1.8 282 17.6 6.5 64.1 8.0 3.8 262

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
7.1 14.3 64.3 7.1 7.1 14

2009
22.2 0.0 66.7 11.1 0.0 9

2010
16.7 0.0 75.0 8.3 0.0 12

2011
30.8 0.0 53.8 15.4 0.0 13

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3

2008
34.9 4.8 52.4 7.9 0.0 63

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

27.1 8.5 55.9 8.5 0.0 59 18.6 0.0 67.4 11.6 2.3 43

2011
29.7 1.4 62.2 4.1 2.7 74

2008
27.5 3.5 55.3 12.7 1.0 622

White 2009 2010

25.3 4.0 60.1 6.8 3.8 499 23.4 5.0 57.2 12.7 1.7 458

2011
26.9 4.3 56.9 10.7 1.2 513

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 4.2 83.3 12.5 0.0 24

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 4.8 90.5 0.0 4.8 21 5.3 0.0 68.4 26.3 0.0 19

2011
0.0 22.2 33.3 33.3 11.1 9

2008
37.8 8.9 48.9 2.2 2.2 45

Two or More Races 2009 2010

27.3 0.0 61.8 5.5 5.5 55 30.4 0.0 51.8 16.1 1.8 56

2011
44.4 4.8 38.1 7.9 4.8 63

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

MONTANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 210

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 69.2 19.0 6.5 2.5 2.8 0.0 643

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
69.8 18.1 5.9 2.8 3.4 0.0 580

2010
61.0 27.2 6.1 1.7 4.0 0.0 525

2011
62.2 26.2 4.4 1.1 6.1 0.0 543 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
70.4 14.2 14.8 0.7 995

2009
72.7 10.6 16.3 0.3 942

2010
71.5 9.3 18.5 0.6 955

2011
77.0 8.0 14.2 0.8 996

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.7 23.1 38.4 21.1 13.6 0.0 242

2009
2.7 29.3 26.6 25.0 16.3 0.0 184

2010
4.8 18.8 33.9 18.8 23.7 0.0 186

2011
1.3 25.2 29.8 22.3 21.4 0.0 238

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 88.6 11.4 0.0 1,159 87.1 12.9 0.0 1,072 87.0 13.0 0.0 1,054 87.2 12.8 0.0 1,125

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
66.6 33.4 0.0 563 63.9 36.1 0.0 635 60.6 39.4 0.0 640 64.8 35.2 0.0 648

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.1 61.9 0.0 978 34.9 65.1 0.0 846 35.7 64.3 0.0 917 34.6 65.4 0.0 964

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 6

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 6.5 0.4 93.1 0.0 800

2009
11.2 1.2 87.6 0.0 749

2010
8.8 0.1 91.1 0.0 774

2011
8.3 0.6 91.1 0.0 827

MONTANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 211

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 106.4 68.4

2009
107.5 68.4

2010
101.4 60.6

2011
111.0 67.6

7.0

6.9

8.3

7.2

48.0 17.4

36.2 15.0

32.1 15.1

41.2 13.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 115.8 26.9 30.5 23.8

2009
119.7 32.1 30.6 20.8

2010
92.9 23.8 32.2 21.0

2011
106.8 26.5 34.1 25.0

16.8

19.1

12.4

13.5

55.1

53.7

39.8

56.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 98.7 30.7 86.7

2009
95.2 25.5 89.0

2010
97.8 26.0 87.7

2011
110.1 33.0 93.6

66.1

70.1

63.5

66.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 100.4 87.1 66.7 38.3

2009
97.9 85.6 64.1 35.2

2010
96.5 85.5 60.4 36.4

2011
97.7 86.1 64.7 34.6

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

MONTANA | OUTCOMES DATA | 212

Nebraska
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 448,361 1.3 1.9 5.8 <.1 13.5 74.9 2.6 13.4

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
458,894 1.1 1.9 5.8 <.1 15.2 72.5 3.5 18.2

2009
451,641 1.2 1.9 5.7 <.1 14.1 74.2 2.6 15.2

2011
460,065 1.1 1.9 5.7 <.1 15.6 72.0 3.6 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
4,668 7.4 5,595 520

2009
5,448 7.9 5,376 588

2010
5,051 7.2 5,334 437

2011
4,747 6.7 5,103 409

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 40 2,980 7,444 79 12,620 15,953

2009
44 3,282 7,444 80 13,776 17,290

2010
50 3,645 7,245 87 17,360 20,068

2011
45 3,202 7,140 90 16,009 17,881

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 29,327 4,668 17

2008

Rate

Number
31,375 5,448 10

2009

Rate

Number
30,994 5,051 7

2010

Rate

Number
31,876 4,747 7

2011

Rate

65.4 per 1,000 10.4 per 1,000 3.8 per 100,000

69.5 per 1,000 12.1 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

67.5 per 1,000 11.0 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

69.3 per 1,000 10.3 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.2 8.4 8.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.1 5.4 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.3 4.0 3.4 2.0 0.1 0.5 4,668

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.0 8.8 8.0 8.0 6.9 6.9 5.5 5.7 5.3 4.6 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.2 1.9 0.2 0.5 5,448

2010
11.3 8.4 8.4 7.4 7.7 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.2 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.0 0.2 <.1 5,051

2011
11.7 8.1 8.7 7.6 7.6 6.5 6.3 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.1 2.1 0.3 0.2 4,747 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
5.0 0.7 12.7 <.1 11.9 60.9 1.0 7.8 4,668

2009
7.2 0.5 15.3 <.1 11.1 58.0 1.5 6.3 5,448

2010
4.9 0.7 16.8 0.2 12.9 56.8 1.8 5.8 5,051

2011
4.4 0.8 15.7 <.1 13.1 58.3 2.0 5.7 4,747

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEBRASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 213

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.7 0.0 85.0 11.4 8.5 0.0 0.0 4,668

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.6 0.0 87.3 10.6 6.2 0.0 0.0 5,051

2009
0.4 <.1 87.1 10.6 7.3 0.0 0.0 5,448

2011
1.1 <.1 88.5 9.9 5.2 0.0 0.0 4,747 Mean Median

2008
183.9 >24 but<48

2009
208.4 >96 but<120

2010
185.9 >96 but<120

2011
199.7 >96 but<120

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 5,728 12.6 5,417 13.1 5,187 11.3 5,225 11.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,301 N/A 3,557 N/A 3,303 N/A 3,101 N/A

2008
3,434 15.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,598 14.7 3,156 15.0 3,223 14.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,595 13.1 5,376 11.4 5,334 11.7 5,103 12.3

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.0 6.1 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.7 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.7 4.2 5.6 8.1 10.6 11.3 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 5.6 5.9 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.6 3.8 5.5 8.5 11.1 11.8 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.1 5.6 7.8 10.6 12.3 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.1 4.2 5.3 7.4 10.0 11.8 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

11.3 6.3 5.2 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.6 4.8 7.7 9.9 11.4 8.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 5.8 5.1 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.9 2.9 2.5 3.9 3.8 5.2 6.3 9.8 10.1 9.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 6.5 5.3 5.0 4.2 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 4.2 5.0 5.8 8.8 10.8 9.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 5.4 5.9 4.8 4.5 4.4 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 4.4 4.8 6.9 8.7 9.8 8.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
2.3 5.9 5.5 5.5 4.3 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.8 4.9 7.5 10.1 13.4 3.5 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.2 5.3 6.3 5.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 5.4 7.7 9.9 12.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.7 2.3 2.7 3.4 2.9 3.7 4.7 7.7 10.1 13.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.2 4.5 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.6 7.4 9.8 17.4 2.9 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.9 5.6 5.9 4.7 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9 5.5 8.4 11.2 11.6 7.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.7 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.0 5.6 7.9 10.8 12.2 7.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.2 4.3 5.2 7.5 10.2 11.9 7.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.9 5.5 7.6 9.6 10.6 7.2 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 8.7 0.4 16.7 <.1 10.0 59.8 1.2 3.2 0.0 8.8 0.5 18.3 0.0 11.8 55.8 1.9 2.9 0.0 7.5 0.6 19.3 <.1 13.3 54.1 2.6 2.5 0.0 7.1 0.9 20.5 <.1 13.4 54.0 3.2 0.8 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.1 0.5 15.3 <.1 11.0 58.8 1.0 4.2 0.0 7.3 0.9 17.1 <.1 13.1 56.1 1.9 3.5 0.0 6.6 0.5 16.8 0.1 15.1 55.3 2.4 3.2 <.1 6.4 0.6 17.5 <.1 15.0 55.9 2.1 1.7 0.7

2008
8.5 0.4 13.0 <.1 11.4 62.3 0.9 3.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

8.9 0.6 16.1 <.1 11.5 57.8 1.2 4.0 0.0 7.7 0.3 15.7 0.0 14.6 57.0 2.1 2.6 0.0 5.8 0.9 18.2 0.1 15.1 56.1 2.3 1.4 0.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.1 0.5 18.1 0.0 9.7 57.6 1.3 3.7 0.0 7.7 0.7 19.0 <.1 12.9 54.7 2.4 2.6 0.0 6.8 0.7 20.0 <.1 13.6 53.1 2.8 2.9 <.1 7.5 0.7 20.2 <.1 13.3 53.8 3.1 1.0 0.4

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEBRASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 214

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 877 575

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
838 544

2010
773 464

2011
833 488 Total children adopted

2008
520

2009
588

2010
437

2011
409

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.2 6.0 8.1 6.6 5.6 6.5 5.9 6.4 6.4 4.7 5.9 4.7 5.4 4.8 5.5 6.2 5.6 3.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.0 6.5 8.0 6.5 7.5 6.1 4.8 6.2 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.4 6.2 6.0 5.7

2009
2.3 7.6 6.9 8.4 6.2 6.8 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.4 4.2 4.9 4.9 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.7 4.2

2011
3.1 6.0 8.4 9.8 6.8 6.4 5.3 4.7 6.6 4.7 4.1 4.8 4.3 4.2 5.6 5.4 5.9 3.8 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.3 11.0 12.5 9.0 8.7 10.0 6.9 7.5 5.2 5.8 5.0 4.8 3.3 2.9 2.1 2.5 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

2009
2.2 10.5 14.5 10.4 8.2 7.7 8.3 7.7 6.8 4.1 4.9 3.9 2.9 3.4 2.2 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
2.1 11.7 13.5 10.3 10.5 6.6 8.2 7.3 5.3 5.3 3.7 4.6 3.7 2.5 2.1 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

2011
2.0 13.4 13.2 9.8 9.0 9.0 6.6 7.1 5.9 3.9 5.1 3.7 2.9 3.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 7.0 1.0 18.9 0.0 10.6 56.1 2.4 4.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 3.7 1.0 15.8 0.0 12.7 62.1 2.1 2.7 0.0

2009
8.0 0.4 20.2 0.0 15.6 50.1 3.7 2.0 0.0

2010
6.6 0.4 20.4 0.0 15.3 51.7 2.8 2.7 0.0

2011
5.6 0.2 27.1 0.0 9.1 52.2 5.2 0.5 0.0

2009
6.0 1.7 11.7 0.0 10.0 62.2 3.9 4.4 0.0

2010
5.7 0.7 15.8 0.0 17.6 55.6 3.4 1.1 0.0

2011
3.9 0.0 15.9 0.0 15.2 60.1 2.9 2.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEBRASKA | CONTEXT DATA | 215

Nebraska
O U TC O M E S DATA 1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 89.4 10.6 1,791

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.55 99.45 9,029

2009
90.4 9.6 2,364

2010
92.1 7.9 2,035

2011
92.3 7.7 2,026

2009
0.31 99.69 8,974

2010
0.39 99.61 8,490

2011
0.28 99.72 8,326

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 14.6 6.6 66.4 12.3 <.1 3,434

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
12.5 7.4 67.2 12.5 0.4 3,223 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
15.1 8.0 64.8 12.0 0.0 3,598

2010
13.3 8.9 64.1 13.6 <.1 3,156

2008
19.8 7.0 54.0 19.2 <.1 1,492

2009
19.8 8.9 51.8 19.4 0.0 1,577

2010
15.7 9.4 55.1 19.8 0.0 1,431

2011
15.8 9.5 56.5 18.2 0.0 1,415

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.2 5.8 68.7 25.2 <.1 1,345

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 15.3 84.7 0.0 326

2009
0.4 8.0 66.1 25.5 0.0 1,487

2010
0.6 7.3 66.1 26.0 0.0 1,401

2011
0.4 6.4 68.5 24.5 0.1 1,379

2009
11.8 88.2 0.0 330

2010
12.2 87.8 0.0 304

2011
11.0 89.0 0.0 301

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.2 16.2 60.5 16.8 0.3 291

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

9.4 19.1 58.8 12.8 0.0 320 9.9 18.9 59.3 10.7 1.2 243 9.0 14.9 49.5 20.2 6.4 188

2008
35.7 0.0 64.3 0.0 0.0 14

Asian 2009 2010

47.6 4.8 33.3 14.3 0.0 21 22.2 0.0 44.4 33.3 0.0 9

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 89.7 10.3 0.0 29

2008
17.2 5.8 57.6 19.4 0.0 448

2009
11.7 6.0 68.4 13.8 0.0 579

2010
12.8 7.9 60.5 18.8 0.0 494

2011
10.6 7.2 66.4 15.9 0.0 586

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
16.6 6.1 68.5 8.7 0.0 391

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

12.8 9.7 67.6 9.9 0.0 413 15.8 8.0 65.2 11.0 0.0 462

2011
12.5 8.4 68.6 10.5 0.0 488

2008
14.7 6.0 68.2 11.1 0.0 2,141

White 2009 2010

16.4 6.8 64.8 12.0 0.0 2,079 13.3 8.4 65.4 12.9 0.0 1,800

2011
13.5 6.6 68.4 11.5 0.0 1,807

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 12.2 1.7 76.5 9.6 0.0 115

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

16.8 4.2 67.8 11.2 0.0 143 4.9 4.9 72.8 17.3 0.0 81

2011
18.2 4.5 75.0 2.3 0.0 44

2008
29.0 0.0 54.8 16.1 0.0 31

Two or More Races 2009 2010

47.6 9.5 38.1 4.8 0.0 42 20.9 6.0 56.7 16.4 0.0 67

2011
16.4 8.2 64.4 11.0 0.0 73

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEBRASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 216

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 53.2 31.3 10.5 2.9 2.0 0.0 2,279

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
55.1 28.7 10.2 4.4 1.5 0.0 2,332

2010
52.1 34.0 9.0 3.0 1.9 0.0 2,022

2011
53.0 34.6 8.6 2.6 1.2 0.0 2,167 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
77.5 9.7 12.8 <.1 3,301

2009
77.1 9.6 13.3 0.0 3,557

2010
76.6 9.4 14.0 0.0 3,303

2011
76.6 8.7 14.7 0.0 3,101

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.2 24.1 29.2 21.5 22.1 0.0 503

2009
6.6 28.8 31.4 17.6 15.6 0.0 545

2010
5.5 29.0 33.3 17.1 15.0 0.0 420

2011
7.4 28.7 30.9 16.6 16.3 0.0 404

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.4 14.6 0.0 3,989 84.2 15.8 0.0 4,270 85.1 14.9 0.0 4,005 85.6 14.1 0.3 3,823

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
55.6 44.4 0.0 2,513 55.5 44.5 0.0 2,301 57.4 42.6 0.0 2,416 58.5 41.5 0.0 2,419

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.4 74.6 0.0 2,517 26.0 74.0 0.0 2,377 26.3 73.7 0.0 2,063 29.1 70.9 0.0 2,055

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 26 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 86.2 13.8 0.0 29

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.4 0.7 96.9 0.0 1,839

2009
2.2 1.5 96.3 0.0 2,006

2010
2.3 0.9 96.8 0.0 1,919

2011
1.6 0.8 96.8 0.8 1,817

NEBRASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 217

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 107.5 63.3

2009
113.6 66.0

2010
110.6 64.6

2011
111.5 64.9

8.5

8.0

8.7

8.7

41.8 13.8

41.7 13.2

41.7 12.9

44.8 14.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 111.6 27.3 33.5 24.2

2009
129.1 35.6 29.4 28.7

2010
122.4 34.8 27.7 24.9

2011
118.6 36.4 28.7 22.0

13.6

14.9

10.6

13.8

60.9

67.9

64.0

59.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 150.0 38.1 97.0

2009
160.1 43.6 98.6

2010
148.5 37.7 95.4

2011
153.2 38.2 97.3

22.3

20.1

21.2

18.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 89.7 84.7 56.2 26.8

2009
89.5 83.7 56.8 27.3

2010
91.4 84.9 58.4 27.6

2011
93.8 85.4 59.8 31.5

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NEBRASKA | OUTCOMES DATA | 218

Nebraska

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Thomas Pristow, Director
Division of Children and Family Services
Department of Health and Human Services

The following are Nebraskas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Nebraska continues to be dedicated to providing the most accurate data possible. We persist in our efforts to enhance our data systems and maintain data integrity. We promote transparency in government and encourage access and review of our data for continuous evaluation and improvement toward the achievement of the outcomes of child safety, permanency and well-being. In 2011, Nebraska moved toward utilizing Structured Decision Making which is an evidence-based model used to assess safety and risk in two of Nebraskas five Service Areas. Statewide implementation began July 2012. The implementation of Structured Decision Making is conducive to providing more in-home services and therefore the possibility of keeping children in their family homes with robust safety and risk interventions in place. Nebraska has been working to safely reduce the number of children in foster care as the rate of children in out of home care in Nebraska has historically been one of the nations highest. Nebraska continues to have a high percentage (29%) of 16-18 year olds in the foster care system. Many of them are in our care because of delinquency as our division serves child welfare and juvenile justice youth. Nebraska is proud of our achievement of improving placement stability for children who required out-of-home care. We are also proud of our continued success in obtaining permanency for children in foster care for long periods of time. This outcome is even more remarkable because almost 25% of our foster care population is in our juvenile justice population.

NEBRASKA | STATE COMMENT | 219

Nevada

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 676,837 1.1 4.8 8.1 0.5 37.9 43.3 4.2 15.0

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
664,456 0.9 5.6 8.4 0.6 39.5 39.6 5.4 22.0

2009
681,033 1.1 4.9 8.0 0.5 38.7 42.5 4.2 17.6

2011
663,775 0.9 5.6 8.3 0.6 40.0 38.9 5.6 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
4,877 4.9 5,021 470

2009
4,708 4.3 4,794 525

2010
4,947 4.3 4,811 644

2011
5,682 4.2 4,654 818

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 40 2,804 7,039 69 13,038 18,783

2009
52 3,541 6,775 74 19,130 25,907

2010
55 3,693 6,704 79 21,307 26,826

2011
52 3,417 6,561 80 19,425 24,139

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 29,760 4,877 17

2008

Rate

Number
25,192 4,708 29

2009

Rate

Number
24,743 4,947 15

2010

Rate

Number
27,874 5,682 19

2011

Rate

44.0 per 1,000 7.2 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

37.0 per 1,000 6.9 per 1,000 4.3 per 100,000

37.2 per 1,000 7.4 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

42.0 per 1,000 8.6 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 16.9 8.3 8.8 7.2 6.9 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.2 4.6 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 2.9 1.6 <.1 0.1 4,877

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
15.7 8.4 8.9 6.9 6.5 6.0 5.6 5.7 4.8 4.4 3.5 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.2 3.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 4,708

2010
16.3 7.9 8.3 7.6 7.0 6.1 5.9 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.3 2.7 1.6 <.1 <.1 4,947

2011
16.1 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.0 6.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.0 1.7 <.1 0.1 5,682 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.9 1.5 17.8 1.0 27.2 44.2 7.0 0.6 4,877

2009
1.0 1.1 21.4 1.1 28.0 40.3 6.5 0.7 4,708

2010
0.9 1.0 18.3 1.1 29.2 41.8 6.8 0.9 4,947

2011
0.8 0.9 18.6 0.5 29.0 42.1 7.0 1.1 5,682

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEVADA | CONTEXT DATA | 220

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 13.5 2.1 80.0 19.2 4.9 0.0 0.0 4,877

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.6 2.0 71.7 30.8 7.1 0.0 0.0 4,947

2009
2.9 1.7 71.5 27.9 7.8 0.0 0.0 4,708

2011
1.5 1.3 69.8 34.8 6.2 0.0 0.0 5,682 Mean Median

2008
31.0 >24 but<48

2009
18.5 >24 but<48

2010
18.4 >24 but<48

2011
15.7 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 5,048 13.3 4,983 14.8 4,758 15.7 4,748 14.8

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,335 N/A 2,903 N/A 2,881 N/A 2,773 N/A

2008
3,362 11.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,092 12.4 2,828 15.5 2,867 17.3

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,021 14.8 4,794 15.8 4,811 14.8 4,654 13.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 9.0 10.6 8.1 7.1 6.8 5.7 5.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.9 5.0 0.3 <.1 0.0 <.1 7.5 9.9 9.4 7.7 6.2 6.1 5.1 5.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.9 5.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 9.7 9.2 8.0 6.9 5.9 5.9 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.8 5.4 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.6 9.5 8.6 7.8 6.9 5.9 5.6 5.8 4.7 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.1 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 5.1 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.7 7.5 8.1 6.0 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.1 3.5 3.2 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.0 3.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 8.7 8.3 6.3 6.2 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 8.5 7.9 7.0 6.5 5.4 5.3 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6 8.3 7.0 7.1 6.8 6.4 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
6.2 9.6 8.8 7.1 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.9 4.4 4.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.3 3.2 5.1 5.9 <.1 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.8 9.0 9.6 8.2 7.2 5.5 5.1 5.6 4.9 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.3 2.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 2.4 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 7.6 9.5 9.7 8.2 6.0 6.0 4.8 5.2 3.9 4.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.6 2.4 3.3 7.2 4.9 <.1 0.0 0.0 3.5 7.2 9.5 7.7 8.0 6.2 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3 8.4 1.6 <.1 <.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.5 9.8 9.5 7.7 6.2 6.1 5.0 5.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.2 4.8 5.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 9.8 9.2 7.9 6.9 5.8 6.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.7 5.4 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.7 9.4 8.8 7.9 6.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 4.7 4.4 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.1 0.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 6.6 9.0 8.9 7.7 7.4 6.1 5.6 5.0 5.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.4 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.7 0.5 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.6 0.9 23.5 0.5 22.9 44.8 6.8 <.1 0.0 0.8 0.8 23.7 0.4 24.2 42.7 7.4 <.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 25.1 0.9 25.1 39.4 7.5 <.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 23.7 0.7 26.9 39.6 7.7 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.0 1.2 23.1 0.8 27.5 39.5 6.7 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.8 24.5 1.4 27.4 37.9 6.5 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.8 21.0 1.1 27.9 41.0 7.5 0.1 0.0 0.9 1.0 22.5 0.4 25.8 41.5 7.9 0.1 0.0

2008
0.6 1.3 22.9 1.0 25.5 42.6 5.8 0.3 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1.1 0.6 22.3 0.7 26.1 42.5 6.6 <.1 0.0 1.1 1.2 23.2 1.4 24.9 40.8 7.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.8 23.4 0.7 28.5 38.4 7.3 0.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.8 0.8 23.6 0.4 24.2 42.7 7.4 <.1 0.0 1.0 0.9 25.0 0.8 24.9 39.8 7.4 <.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 23.8 0.7 26.8 39.5 7.7 <.1 0.0 0.8 0.8 23.2 0.4 25.2 41.4 8.0 <.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEVADA | CONTEXT DATA | 221

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 2,198 884

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,099 958

2010
2,096 1,089

2011
1,655 790 Total children adopted

2008
470

2009
525

2010
644

2011
818

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 8.9 11.6 12.3 8.9 7.4 7.1 6.1 6.2 4.8 4.1 4.6 4.2 4.3 3.2 2.8 2.1 1.2 0.3

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
6.0 10.9 10.1 9.1 7.5 6.6 7.0 7.1 5.7 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.1 3.5 4.0 2.8 1.4 0.9

2009
5.3 11.4 9.9 9.5 7.9 7.2 7.0 5.7 5.8 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.4 3.2 2.5 1.4 0.7

2011
3.6 9.5 11.7 8.3 8.3 6.0 6.5 6.3 6.9 4.8 4.5 4.7 3.3 4.2 3.4 4.2 2.5 1.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.3 12.8 12.3 12.3 8.9 6.8 8.5 6.0 5.3 4.3 5.7 4.3 4.7 2.3 1.5 1.7 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.8 9.5 18.1 13.9 8.8 7.0 7.6 6.5 6.9 3.6 2.3 3.2 2.7 3.0 1.9 2.3 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
1.6 7.5 16.5 14.1 12.0 7.8 7.0 5.6 4.2 4.7 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.6 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
1.6 8.4 12.8 10.9 10.4 7.9 7.1 7.7 5.9 5.3 4.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.6 1.0 25.0 0.3 23.8 41.1 8.1 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.9 21.1 0.9 20.6 51.3 4.7 0.4 0.0

2009
1.0 1.0 25.8 0.1 24.4 39.6 7.9 0.1 0.0

2010
0.8 0.6 24.4 0.4 26.2 39.5 8.0 <.1 0.0

2011
0.9 0.9 24.4 0.7 26.0 39.8 7.3 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 18.7 1.0 23.2 48.8 8.4 0.0 0.0

2010
0.6 1.2 21.6 0.0 25.9 42.1 8.1 0.5 0.0

2011
0.5 0.4 22.1 0.1 30.4 39.4 7.1 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEVADA | CONTEXT DATA | 222

Nevada

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.1 4.9 2,227

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.44 99.56 8,383

2009
93.9 6.1 2,101

2010
94.5 5.5 2,263

2011
93.7 6.3 2,558

2009
0.46 99.54 7,886

2010
0.60 99.40 7,639

2011
0.57 99.43 7,521

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.7 8.7 67.7 9.8 0.0 3,362

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
28.3 3.6 59.1 9.0 <.1 2,867 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
17.2 3.8 67.8 11.3 0.0 3,092

2010
22.8 2.8 63.5 10.8 <.1 2,828

2008
36.9 5.0 24.7 33.5 0.0 442

2009
26.2 2.6 39.2 32.0 0.0 541

2010
32.1 2.0 37.2 28.7 0.0 564

2011
37.6
3.5
37.0
22.0
0.0
633

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.8 4.9 58.1 36.3 0.0 656

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 21.3 78.7 0.0 267

2009
1.0 2.5 56.9 39.7 0.0 605

2010
0.6 3.4 54.7 41.1 0.2 530

2011
3.0 4.4 54.3 38.1 0.2 473

2009
19.4 80.6 0.0 268

2010
20.3 79.7 0.0 251

2011
24.9 75.1 0.0 221

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 5.0 0.0 70.0 25.0 0.0 20

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

2.9 0.0 50.0 47.1 0.0 34 18.8 0.0 53.1 28.1 0.0 32 20.0 0.0 65.0 15.0 0.0 20

2008
14.0 0.0 76.7 9.3 0.0 43

Asian 2009 2010

10.5 0.0 84.2 5.3 0.0 19 39.4 3.0 36.4 21.2 0.0 33

Black 2011
4.2 16.7 70.8 8.3 0.0 24

2008
13.4 10.0 66.7 10.0 0.0 771

2009
14.2 3.0 70.3 12.4 0.0 691

2010
21.5 1.7 65.0 11.8 0.0 655

2011
25.6 2.2 63.3 8.6 0.1 671

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.1 12.1 72.7 6.1 0.0 33 13.6 0.0 77.3 9.1 0.0 22 2.4 0.0 92.7 4.9 0.0 41 14.3 4.8 71.4 9.5 0.0 21

2008
10.2 9.7 74.2 6.0 0.0 857

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

16.3 3.7 71.6 8.4 0.0 806 21.0 3.4 66.4 9.2 0.0 705

2011
28.6 3.8 60.4 7.2 0.0 818

2008
16.5 7.6 63.6 12.3 0.0 1,433

White 2009 2010

19.2 4.3 64.6 12.0 0.0 1,315 25.4 3.5 60.4 10.7 <.1 1,154

2011
29.5 3.6 56.7 10.2 0.0 1,100

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 9.1 72.7 18.2 0.0 11

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 40.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 0.0 5

2011
33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 3

2008
12.9 9.3 70.6 7.2 0.0 194

Two or More Races 2009 2010

21.1 4.4 65.7 8.8 0.0 204 19.7 2.0 67.0 11.3 0.0 203

2011
34.3 6.2 49.0 10.5 0.0 210

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEVADA | OUTCOMES DATA | 223

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 67.9 23.1 6.9 1.5 0.5 <.1 2,277

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
63.4 23.9 9.0 2.4 1.1 0.1 2,096

2010
60.8 25.2 8.2 4.2 1.6 <.1 1,797

2011
61.4 25.8 10.0 2.2 0.6 0.0 1,693 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
81.8 6.0 11.8 0.4 3,335

2009
82.5 5.5 11.9 0.1 2,903

2010
81.8 5.2 12.9 0.1 2,881

2011
80.5 4.8 14.7 0.0 2,773

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.9 15.4 30.5 27.3 26.0 0.0 462

2009
0.9 15.4 33.5 21.8 28.2 0.0 531

2010
2.0 12.6 34.8 23.3 27.3 0.0 644

2011
1.2 16.9 34.4 24.9 22.6 0.0 811

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 81.6 16.1 2.3 3,907 83.7 15.8 0.5 3,415 83.7 15.1 1.2 3,328 81.6 17.8 0.6 3,169

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
51.8 47.7 0.5 2,129 58.2 41.1 0.7 1,950 61.6 38.1 0.2 1,786 61.5 38.2 0.3 1,973

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

24.0 75.8 0.1 2,343 27.9 72.1 0.0 2,518 31.2 68.6 0.2 2,515 31.9 67.9 0.1 2,376

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

50.0 0.0 50.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 3 80.0 0.0 20.0 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.4 11.0 85.5 <.1 2,627

2009
4.2 4.8 91.0 0.0 2,337

2010
0.5 5.2 94.2 0.0 2,362

2011
0.7 6.0 93.2 <.1 2,274

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 145.9 81.1

2009
136.0 70.5

2010
134.4 69.3

2011
133.7 72.0

3.0

5.6

6.4

5.9

40.9 8.7

41.3 7.4

43.5 6.8

33.9 7.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 79.5 16.2 36.8 22.8

2009
86.3 16.4 36.2 24.3

2010
108.9 14.6 36.3 29.5

2011
113.4 18.1 35.4 37.7

12.4

14.0

21.8

14.1

29.2

33.9

42.6

46.9

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 127.9 32.9 95.2

2009
135.1 34.2 96.4

2010
141.6 39.9 95.8

2011
144.3 46.9 97.4

41.0

36.9

37.2

43.4

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 84.5 80.9 52.0 24.2

2009
90.1 82.0 58.7 27.9

2010
93.3 82.8 62.0 31.4

2011
91.4 79.9 61.6 32.1

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NEVADA | OUTCOMES DATA | 225

New Hampshire
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 294,001 0.2 2.3 2.1 <.1 4.4 88.8 2.1 9.0

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
286,377 0.2 2.6 1.5 <.1 4.8 87.9 2.9 10.0

2009
289,071 0.2 2.5 2.2 <.1 4.6 88.3 2.2 10.8

2011
279,984 0.2 2.8 1.6 <.1 5.0 87.4 3.0 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,129 1.9 1,063 167

2009
984 1.7 916 135

2010
899 1.7 833 173

2011
921 1.8 776 144

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 45 903 1,994 81 5,073 6,297

2009
76 963 1,268 92 6,890 7,464

2010
81 974 1,197 87 6,520 7,463

2011
84 912 1,087 91 6,013 6,588

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 11,868 1,129 0

2008

Rate

Number
11,649 984 1

2009

Rate

Number
11,646 899 1

2010

Rate

Number
13,082 921 2

2011

Rate

40.4 per 1,000 3.8 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

40.3 per 1,000 3.4 per 1,000 0.3 per 100,000

40.7 per 1,000 3.1 per 1,000 0.3 per 100,000

46.7 per 1,000 3.3 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.4 7.2 4.9 5.4 6.7 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.7 5.4 4.6 4.2 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.1 2.0 <.1 0.3 1,129

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.3 6.5 5.3 6.0 4.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 5.4 6.5 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.7 5.3 4.5 3.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 984

2010
11.0 6.8 7.5 5.8 6.2 6.7 3.6 5.7 3.7 5.5 4.7 4.9 4.3 5.2 4.9 6.3 3.8 3.1 0.1 0.3 899

2011
11.6 6.7 7.4 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.4 4.2 3.8 5.6 3.8 4.1 5.1 4.5 4.7 2.8 1.8 0.0 0.1 921 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.0 0.4 2.1 0.0 3.9 84.2 1.5 7.8 1,129

2009
0.5 0.4 2.1 0.0 7.8 78.4 3.3 7.5 984

2010
0.0 0.9 2.8 0.1 7.9 78.9 2.1 7.3 899

2011
0.4 0.1 3.1 0.1 6.8 77.2 4.8 7.4 921

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEW HAMPSHIRE | CONTEXT DATA | 226

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.2 3.7 76.4 13.8 12.5 0.0 0.0 1,129

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.8 2.7 76.2 13.6 13.0 0.0 0.0 899

2009
1.7 3.0 75.5 11.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 984

2011
1.5 3.3 80.1 9.0 10.3 0.0 0.0 921 Mean Median

2008
19.4 <24

2009
19.2 <24

2010
17.3 <24

2011
14.9 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,046 19.7 974 17.9 865 19.2 759 15.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

570 N/A 482 N/A 497 N/A 492 N/A

2008
553 16.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

540 15.2 529 16.4 475 13.3

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,063 16.3 916 18.2 833 15.2 776 13.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.4 5.3 6.8 3.5 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.7 2.4 4.3 4.8 3.3 4.3 4.6 5.8 9.5 9.7 9.6 3.2 1.4 1.1 0.2 4.4 5.2 5.9 6.1 3.1 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 4.1 5.0 4.4 5.0 5.7 5.7 10.1 9.9 3.3 2.0 1.0 0.6 3.6 6.0 6.6 4.9 5.3 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.9 5.9 4.5 5.1 7.9 6.5 9.5 3.1 1.8 1.8 0.6 3.7 6.1 4.9 6.3 4.6 4.2 5.1 3.0 4.3 2.2 2.8 4.3 3.8 6.6 4.9 9.2 8.2 7.2 3.7 2.0 1.8 0.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

16.0 6.3 5.8 5.1 4.9 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 4.6 2.6 5.4 6.0 9.6 7.4 4.9 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 11.2 7.1 6.2 5.0 3.9 5.4 3.5 5.0 4.4 2.5 3.9 3.1 3.3 4.6 5.6 8.9 10.2 6.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 6.6 5.6 5.0 3.6 4.8 3.4 3.4 3.6 2.8 3.6 2.2 4.4 4.4 8.5 11.1 11.3 3.8 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 13.0 7.7 6.3 6.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.1 2.2 3.5 4.3 3.0 4.1 4.7 6.5 8.7 11.6 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2

2008
4.2 5.1 7.4 6.5 5.1 5.1 4.3 4.9 4.2 2.9 3.4 3.1 1.8 2.9 4.9 4.5 7.2 6.9 11.6 1.8 1.6 0.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.6 5.0 6.9 5.7 4.3 3.5 3.5 5.2 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.7 2.6 4.6 4.4 5.2 7.6 9.1 12.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 4.2 5.3 7.0 5.3 6.2 4.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.4 3.2 3.6 4.5 3.4 6.0 6.4 8.5 7.6 0.8 2.6 0.2 4.2 5.9 6.9 7.6 6.1 4.2 4.0 5.3 4.0 2.5 2.9 3.8 4.4 3.4 4.4 5.5 9.3 5.5 5.1 1.7 3.2 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 3.0 4.1 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.0 4.0 4.9 4.3 4.9 6.0 7.6 10.5 9.5 3.3 1.8 0.9 0.6 3.8 5.8 6.4 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.7 5.7 4.5 5.1 7.0 7.9 10.2 3.1 1.7 1.7 0.5 3.5 5.9 4.6 6.0 4.4 4.1 4.8 2.9 4.1 2.3 2.6 4.2 3.6 6.4 5.5 9.5 9.6 7.3 4.4 1.8 1.7 0.8 4.6 4.8 6.8 4.3 5.5 4.0 3.9 4.4 2.6 3.5 3.0 2.8 3.5 5.0 7.3 6.4 10.7 9.3 3.4 1.9 1.2 1.2

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.7 3.3 0.0 7.2 76.3 3.5 8.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 3.5 0.0 8.1 77.2 3.3 7.3 0.0 0.3 0.6 2.9 0.0 8.8 79.0 2.9 5.5 0.0 0.8 1.1 3.0 0.1 9.0 77.1 4.6 4.3 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.5 4.9 0.0 10.2 74.0 3.2 7.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.7 0.0 7.3 82.0 2.9 5.4 0.0 0.6 1.2 3.0 0.2 9.7 74.0 3.6 7.6 0.0 0.2 0.8 3.5 0.2 10.0 74.0 3.5 7.5 0.4

2008
0.0 1.3 4.7 0.0 7.4 72.5 3.4 10.7 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.4 2.4 0.0 6.3 78.3 3.7 8.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.9 0.0 9.5 78.3 1.5 8.3 0.0 0.6 1.9 3.8 0.2 10.9 73.7 3.2 5.5 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.3 3.5 0.0 8.7 77.0 3.4 6.9 0.0 0.3 0.4 3.2 0.0 8.7 79.0 2.8 5.5 0.0 0.6 1.1 3.6 0.1 8.9 76.5 4.2 5.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 2.8 0.1 8.4 77.2 4.8 5.7 0.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW HAMPSHIRE | CONTEXT DATA | 227

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 299 110

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
275 75

2010
230 66

2011
168 25 Total children adopted

2008
167

2009
135

2010
173

2011
144

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.3 5.7 8.0 10.4 4.0 5.7 5.0 4.3 5.7 4.3 7.4 7.0 5.7 5.7 4.3 4.7 6.0 3.7

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.4 6.1 9.1 8.3 6.1 7.8 7.0 6.1 7.0 3.9 4.3 8.7 5.7 8.7 2.6 3.9 3.5 0.9

2009
0.0 6.9 9.8 8.0 8.4 4.4 6.5 5.8 5.5 4.7 5.1 5.8 8.4 5.5 4.7 3.6 2.9 4.0

2011
0.6 6.0 11.3 5.4 7.7 6.0 4.2 7.1 3.0 7.7 5.4 5.4 6.0 6.5 8.9 3.0 3.6 2.4 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.2 3.6 12.0 13.2 3.6 9.6 7.2 10.2 6.6 5.4 7.2 3.0 4.2 3.0 3.6 1.2 4.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
3.0 4.4 12.6 14.1 6.7 4.4 5.2 7.4 5.2 5.9 5.9 3.7 3.0 3.7 4.4 2.2 3.0 4.4 0.7 0.0 0.0

2010
0.6 5.2 11.6 11.0 11.6 6.9 5.8 8.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.2 6.4 4.6 5.2 3.5 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.7 2.8 11.8 13.2 10.4 6.3 9.0 9.7 9.7 4.9 1.4 5.6 6.3 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.3 0.0 4.0 0.0 7.0 80.6 5.0 3.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.6 1.8 0.6 6.6 80.2 6.0 4.2 0.0

2009
0.4 0.0 4.0 0.0 10.5 77.1 3.6 4.4 0.0

2010
0.0 0.4 4.8 0.0 13.0 75.2 4.8 1.7 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 10.1 73.2 7.1 5.4 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 5.2 88.1 3.0 1.5 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 9.2 84.4 1.7 3.5 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 17.4 74.3 3.5 0.7 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW HAMPSHIRE | CONTEXT DATA | 228

New Hampshire
O U TC O M E S DATA 1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.8 4.2 453

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.12 99.88 1,616

2009
92.2 7.8 371

2010
97.2 2.8 352

2011
95.3 4.7 381

2009
<.1 99.93 1,456

2010
0.00 100.00 1,362

2011
0.00 100.00 1,251

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 29.8 2.9 46.5 19.3 1.4 553

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
30.7 2.3 49.9 10.9 6.1 475 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
26.9 2.2 50.2 19.1 1.7 540

2010
30.6 5.1 47.4 12.3 4.5 529

2008
22.7 3.1 34.0 36.1 4.1 97

2009
12.2 2.4 50.0 34.1 1.2 82

2010
16.1 6.5 40.9 24.7 11.8 93

2011
13.0
2.6
37.7
31.2
15.6
77

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.2 3.0 47.3 46.1 2.4 165

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 32.1 67.9 0.0 81

2009
3.4 1.7 52.8 39.2 2.8 176

2010
1.4 3.5 62.5 23.6 9.0 144

2011
2.3 3.0 52.6 24.8 17.3 133

2009
29.4 70.6 0.0 68

2010
40.8 59.2 0.0 49

2011
38.0 62.0 0.0 50

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2008
0.0 28.6 57.1 14.3 0.0 7

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

Black 2011
11.1 0.0 77.8 11.1 0.0 9

2008
11.5 0.0 57.7 30.8 0.0 26

2009
23.1 0.0 38.5 38.5 0.0 13

2010
20.0 20.0 50.0 10.0 0.0 10

2011
27.8 0.0 38.9 11.1 22.2 18

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
34.1 2.4 48.8 12.2 2.4 41

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

26.5 0.0 44.1 29.4 0.0 34 34.0 0.0 54.0 10.0 2.0 50

2011
40.4 1.9 46.2 5.8 5.8 52

2008
31.2 2.2 46.9 18.0 1.7 401

White 2009 2010

28.4 2.4 53.2 14.2 1.9 423 31.6 5.6 46.6 11.6 4.6 414

2011
31.4 2.9 48.0 12.6 5.1 350

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 23.7 1.7 40.7 33.9 0.0 59

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

8.5 2.1 29.8 59.6 0.0 47 18.2 4.5 50.0 18.2 9.1 44

2011
11.5 0.0 76.9 3.8 7.7 26

2008
47.4 15.8 31.6 5.3 0.0 19

Two or More Races 2009 2010

45.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 5.0 20 50.0 0.0 37.5 12.5 0.0 8

2011
40.0 0.0 46.7 6.7 6.7 15

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW HAMPSHIRE | OUTCOMES DATA | 229

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 73.5 17.9 3.9 2.7 1.6 0.4 257

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
72.3 18.8 2.2 1.5 4.1 1.1 271

2010
77.3 15.9 3.2 1.2 2.4 0.0 251

2011
72.2 21.1 2.1 0.8 3.0 0.8 237 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
66.3 18.8 6.5 8.4 570

2009
69.5 18.3 6.2 6.0 482

2010
63.8 20.5 6.8 8.9 497

2011
66.1 16.1 7.7 10.2 492

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.0 17.0 41.8 22.4 15.8 0.0 165

2009
2.8 18.6 36.6 24.8 17.2 0.0 145

2010
1.2 18.5 47.5 17.9 14.8 0.0 162

2011
4.1 29.5 32.2 17.1 17.1 0.0 146

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 84.6 14.8 0.6 644 86.2 12.9 0.9 565 83.9 15.4 0.7 591 82.8 16.7 0.5 563

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
67.4 32.6 0.0 347 62.9 36.7 0.3 313 64.1 35.5 0.4 251 63.4 36.6 0.0 295

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

43.6 56.4 0.0 621 42.9 57.1 0.0 573 38.5 61.5 0.0 520 35.1 64.9 0.0 390

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

75.0 0.0 25.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 6.5 0.3 93.3 0.0 372

2009
3.5 0.3 96.1 0.0 310

2010
6.8 0.3 92.2 0.7 293

2011
6.5 0.0 93.5 0.0 321

NEW HAMPSHIRE | OUTCOMES DATA | 230

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 99.5 70.5

2009
102.0 71.5

2010
108.7 76.4

2011
104.9 72.5

7.2

8.1

7.0

6.2

35.7 20.3

40.2 22.0

48.7 20.8

42.6 23.5

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 125.1 20.0 31.1 26.8

2009
120.0 20.8 31.8 25.8

2010
143.7 19.8 30.1 34.8

2011
145.2 34.0 31.3 36.7

18.3

10.6

15.4

10.3

74.4

77.7

81.9

87.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 108.2 25.2 98.8

2009
117.9 27.1 97.9

2010
115.9 32.3 99.4

2011
129.5 34.8 98.6

60.4

47.2

58.5

41.4

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 101.4 84.2 67.2 44.1

2009
101.0 85.8 62.9 44.1

2010
97.5 83.6 64.3 39.1

2011
93.9 82.0 63.4 36.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NEW HAMPSHIRE | OUTCOMES DATA | 231

New Hampshire
S TAT E C O M M E N T
Maggie Bishop, Director
Division for Children Youth and Families
Department of Health and Human Services

The following are New Hampshires comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Our work with families, the courts, public and private agencies, faith-based organizations, elected officials, businesses and community advocates, is part of an intentional effort to truly transform practice. In order to identify priorities, target resources, and redesign the way in which services are delivered in New Hampshire true partnership and collaboration is a must. The data reflects our on-going process and commitment to examining and improving our own capacity and performance. New Hampshire continues to successfully focus on reducing the risk of harm to children, as evidenced by the data on repeat maltreatment and the absence of maltreatment in foster care. NCANDS Data for Absence of Child Abuse and Neglect in Foster Care was at 100% in 2011 and has exceeded the National Standard (99.68%) for the last 2 years. New Hampshire has been above the national standard of 94.6% for Absence of Recurrence of Maltreatment in FY 2007 and 2008 as reported in the NCANDS data. In FY 2009 the data showed New Hampshire's performance as slightly below the standard at 92.2% but once again demonstrated improvement at 97.2% in FY 2010 and 95.2% in FY 2011. We are proud of the work establishing cross-system relationships and activities that promote a common vision on behalf of children and their families. We have focused specific attention to permanency in an effort to assure all children have healthy permanent connections. As a result, New Hampshire continues to improve in placement stability, rating slightly below the National Standard (101.5) with a score of 93.9. New Hampshire has worked diligently to improve outcomes relative to timely reunification. We continue to show improvement in this area as noted in the Permanency Composite for Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification [standard: 122.6 or higher] and New Hampshire is at 104.9. Although New Hampshire is not yet at or above the standard, the data continues to demonstrate a trend that is consistently moving toward achievement of that standard. New Hampshire's efforts to improve its adoption practice has resulted in the most notable achievements in the numbers of adoptions as well as a decrease in median length of stay for children exiting to adoption. Based on the Permanency Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions (standard: 106.4 or higher), our State score for FFY 2011 is 145.2, which is well over average. New Hampshire has made significant improvements in most areas, specifically: The length of time to achieve adoption has decreased from 35.4 months in FFY 2007 to 31.3 months in FFY 2011. New Hampshire ranks 7th highest for the Permanency for Children and Youth in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time composite with a score of 129.5, the National Standard being 121.7. In FFY 2011, 87.0% of legally free children were adopted in less than 12 months compared to the national median of 45.8%.

NEW HAMPSHIRE | STATE COMMENT | 232

New Jersey
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
9,089 2.6 8,763 1,265

2009
9,293 2.3 7,853 1,348

2010
9,546 2.3 6,971 1,275

2011
8,752 2.2 6,708 1,052

2,053,346 2,045,848 2,062,462 2,042,810 0.2 8.0 14.7 <.1 20.8 54.2 2.1 12.5 0.2 8.2 14.6 <.1 21.6 53.2 2.2 13.5 0.2 8.6 14.3 <.1 22.4 51.8 2.7 14.5 0.2 8.8 14.2 <.1 23.0 51.0 2.8 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 30 3,898 12,869 93 20,148 21,644

2009
54 6,418 11,800 95 42,146 44,274

2010
73 7,876 10,742 95 54,370 57,016

2011
81 7,973 9,787 97 56,002 57,851

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 83,064 9,089 29

2008

Rate

Number
86,379 9,293 24

2009

Rate

Number
93,833 9,546 18

2010

Rate

Number
87,923 8,752 22

2011

Rate

40.5 per 1,000 4.4 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

42.2 per 1,000 4.5 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

45.5 per 1,000 4.6 per 1,000 0.9 per 100,000

43.0 per 1,000 4.3 per 1,000 1.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.9 6.9 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.4 <.1 0.4 9,089

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
14.9 6.8 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.6 3.7 2.7 <.1 0.3 9,293

2010
13.5 7.1 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.0 2.9 <.1 0.4 9,546

2011
15.0 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.4 2.9 <.1 0.2 8,752 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.8 30.2 <.1 16.6 32.8 0.9 18.7 9,089

2009
<.1 1.2 29.3 <.1 17.4 31.7 1.3 19.0 9,293

2010
<.1 1.2 30.5 <.1 19.8 29.0 1.7 17.8 9,546

2011
<.1 1.0 28.5 <.1 21.1 30.8 2.0 16.5 8,752

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEW JERSEY | CONTEXT DATA | 233

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.2 2.3 72.3 19.4 9.3 0.0 0.0 9,089

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.4 2.5 76.1 15.4 10.3 0.0 0.0 9,546

2009
0.2 2.3 74.2 17.6 9.7 0.0 0.0 9,293

2011
0.4 2.1 77.7 13.6 10.4 0.0 0.0 8,752 Mean Median

2008
80.7 >24 but<48

2009
41.9 <24

2010
20.9 <24

2011
17.8 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 8,948 15.6 8,380 15.8 7,480 15.4 6,701 14.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,249 N/A 4,788 N/A 4,676 N/A 4,491 N/A

2008
5,519 13.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5,386 14.0 5,236 13.4 4,517 12.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8,763 15.8 7,853 15.6 6,971 14.3 6,708 13.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 8.7 9.4 7.8 5.8 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.9 5.9 6.2 6.8 6.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 10.1 8.3 6.3 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.2 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.0 5.1 6.4 6.9 7.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 10.3 8.5 7.2 5.6 4.5 4.6 3.7 4.0 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.0 4.2 5.4 6.8 7.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 10.6 8.9 7.0 6.0 5.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1 5.0 6.4 7.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

21.7 7.6 5.4 5.8 4.3 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.8 3.8 4.3 6.0 6.2 6.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 23.6 7.3 6.4 6.1 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.7 2.8 3.6 3.0 2.5 3.3 3.3 4.5 5.0 6.1 5.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 7.7 6.3 5.6 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.8 5.8 5.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.3 7.4 6.9 6.5 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
5.7 8.5 9.1 7.2 5.8 4.9 5.1 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 4.7 4.7 5.1 6.7 6.4 0.5 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.2 8.6 9.0 7.9 6.1 5.1 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.4 5.6 6.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 6.1 8.5 9.3 7.3 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.8 4.2 5.1 9.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 6.6 8.5 9.2 8.1 6.9 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.6 5.0 7.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8.1 10.0 8.1 6.2 4.8 4.6 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.9 6.3 6.9 6.9 2.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 8.8 10.1 8.4 7.0 5.5 4.3 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 4.1 5.3 6.7 7.2 3.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 9.0 10.5 8.9 6.9 6.1 5.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.9 6.5 7.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 10.6 9.1 7.9 5.6 5.3 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.5 5.5 6.5 2.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.3 53.0 <.1 13.0 24.6 3.0 6.0 <.1 <.1 0.2 51.3 <.1 15.3 24.6 2.8 5.6 <.1 <.1 0.4 50.2 <.1 17.6 24.3 3.0 4.4 <.1 <.1 0.3 48.2 <.1 18.0 25.5 3.6 4.3 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.5 42.2 0.1 18.3 28.1 1.6 9.0 <.1 <.1 0.7 39.9 <.1 17.8 27.7 2.2 11.4 0.3 <.1 0.5 40.5 <.1 19.9 28.3 2.9 7.6 0.1 <.1 0.5 37.8 <.1 23.0 27.0 2.5 9.1 0.0

2008
<.1 0.6 45.1 <.1 14.8 28.0 2.0 9.3 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.5 43.9 <.1 16.4 27.9 3.1 7.9 <.1 <.1 0.7 44.2 <.1 19.1 26.4 2.3 7.1 0.1 <.1 0.5 43.3 <.1 19.8 26.9 3.0 6.4 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.2 51.4 <.1 15.0 24.6 2.7 5.8 <.1 <.1 0.4 49.4 <.1 16.0 24.2 2.3 7.5 0.1 <.1 0.3 48.3 <.1 17.9 25.4 3.5 4.5 0.0 <.1 0.3 44.6 <.1 20.1 25.6 3.2 6.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW JERSEY | CONTEXT DATA | 234

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 3,029 1,322

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,696 938

2010
2,473 976

2011
2,308 697 Total children adopted

2008
1,265

2009
1,348

2010
1,275

2011
1,052

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.8 12.4 11.7 8.8 6.5 6.2 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 3.9 4.8 4.1 4.6 4.1 3.0 1.9

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.4 12.8 13.5 9.3 8.2 6.4 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.6 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.7 2.1

2009
3.1 12.2 11.4 9.9 7.3 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.1 4.6 5.2 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.2 4.0 3.3 1.7

2011
2.9 14.7 12.7 10.3 7.3 7.5 5.6 5.2 4.7 3.9 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.1 1.6 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.7 10.8 20.2 12.8 8.5 7.2 5.2 5.3 4.0 4.0 3.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
1.4 12.5 18.0 12.6 8.2 5.4 6.3 4.5 4.6 4.1 3.3 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.7 10.6 17.6 12.2 8.5 6.9 5.2 4.6 4.5 5.3 4.5 4.4 2.7 3.5 2.7 1.6 2.0 1.3 <.1 0.0 0.0

2011
1.9 10.0 17.9 14.2 9.2 7.3 5.6 4.1 4.2 4.7 2.7 3.2 4.1 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 54.8 <.1 13.5 23.4 4.4 3.7 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.3 50.9 0.0 12.6 26.9 3.7 5.4 0.2

2009
0.0 0.2 54.0 <.1 14.2 23.2 3.0 5.2 <.1

2010
0.0 0.4 50.8 <.1 17.6 24.3 4.1 2.7 0.0

2011
<.1 0.3 47.7 <.1 18.3 24.6 4.4 4.5 0.0

2009
0.0 0.1 48.4 0.1 15.4 26.5 5.7 3.5 0.1

2010
0.0 0.3 49.6 <.1 18.5 25.6 3.5 2.4 <.1

2011
0.0 0.2 45.5 0.0 18.3 28.6 5.1 2.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW JERSEY | CONTEXT DATA | 235

New Jersey
O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.4 4.6 4,147

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.91 14,197

2009
94.4 5.6 4,191

2010
94.3 5.7 4,473

2011
94.8 5.2 3,914

2009
0.16 99.84 13,168

2010
0.15 99.85 12,156

2011
0.13 99.87 11,192

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.2 6.7 57.9 10.1 0.0 5,519

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
23.7 4.4 62.5 9.4 0.0 4,517 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
26.3 5.5 58.6 9.5 0.0 5,386

2010
24.8 4.4 58.6 12.2 0.0 5,236

2008
49.1 4.9 32.6 13.3 0.0 631

2009
43.4 2.0 40.3 14.3 0.0 539

2010
30.7 2.9 44.5 21.9 0.0 548

2011

26.7
1.3
53.7
18.3
0.0
454

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.0 7.6 55.8 34.5 0.0 1,275

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 21.4 77.1 1.5 411

2009
3.5 6.3 59.0 31.3 0.0 1,199

2010
2.3 4.4 52.1 41.2 0.0 1,114

2011
3.0 3.9 59.1 34.0 0.0 934

2009
22.8 73.5 3.8 373

2010
25.9 72.3 1.8 513

2011
22.2 76.3 1.5 333

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.0 60.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 5

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
11.4 0.0 82.9 5.7 0.0 35

Asian 2009 2010

7.1 0.0 89.3 3.6 0.0 28 11.4 5.7 77.1 5.7 0.0 35

Black 2011
9.1 4.5 81.8 4.5 0.0 22

2008
28.9 7.9 49.9 13.2 0.0 2,491

2009
29.3 6.3 53.1 11.2 0.0 2,366

2010
28.1 4.8 51.4 15.7 0.0 2,314

2011
25.0 4.7 58.5 11.8 0.0 1,956

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 20.0 0.0 60.0 20.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
20.7 4.5 66.4 8.3 0.0 816

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

26.4 3.9 61.4 8.4 0.0 883 23.7 3.2 63.1 10.1 0.0 1,002

2011
22.1 3.0 66.4 8.5 0.0 896

2008
23.7 6.8 61.4 8.1 0.0 1,546

White 2009 2010

23.7 5.8 60.9 9.6 0.0 1,505 23.8 5.0 61.0 10.1 0.0 1,380

2011
25.1 5.0 62.2 7.7 0.0 1,214

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.6 3.9 74.6 5.9 0.0 512

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

11.9 3.5 78.7 5.9 0.0 427 8.4 2.4 81.9 7.3 0.0 371

2011
8.4 2.8 82.6 6.3 0.0 287

2008
46.4 6.4 43.6 3.6 0.0 110

Two or More Races 2009 2010

47.9 6.6 43.7 1.8 0.0 167 37.8 5.0 53.8 3.4 0.0 119

2011
39.4 5.8 51.1 3.6 0.0 137

2008
66.7 0.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 3

Missing Data 2009 2010

20.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 5 14.3 0.0 85.7 0.0 0.0 7

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW JERSEY | OUTCOMES DATA | 236

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 68.9 20.1 4.9 1.4 2.8 1.8 3,196

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
69.6 18.8 6.1 2.2 1.9 1.4 3,157

2010
71.8 19.9 4.1 1.9 1.7 0.8 3,068

2011
70.4 19.9 5.0 2.4 1.7 0.7 2,825 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.9 7.6 12.3 0.2 5,249

2009
82.0 7.1 10.7 0.3 4,788

2010
81.8 8.4 9.8 0.0 4,676

2011
81.8 8.4 9.8 <.1 4,491

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.0 20.8 33.2 19.2 22.7 1.1 1,393

2009
3.7 22.8 33.6 22.2 16.6 1.1 1,418

2010
3.2 21.5 32.0 21.7 20.5 1.2 1,299

2011
2.9 22.9 34.1 21.4 17.8 0.8 1,072

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 88.0 12.0 0.0 6,076 87.3 12.7 0.0 5,643 86.9 13.1 0.0 5,511 87.9 12.1 0.0 5,188

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
71.1 28.9 0.0 3,306 72.2 27.8 0.0 3,090 72.6 27.4 0.0 2,728 72.5 27.5 0.0 2,633

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

46.7 53.3 0.0 4,797 45.6 54.4 0.0 4,410 44.7 55.3 0.0 3,904 45.8 54.2 0.0 3,355

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 18 100.0 0.0 0.0 25 100.0 0.0 0.0 13 100.0 0.0 0.0 16

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.2 2.0 96.8 0.0 3,839

2009
1.0 1.4 97.6 0.0 3,611

2010
0.8 1.8 97.4 0.0 3,584

2011
0.4 1.3 98.3 0.0 3,519

NEW JERSEY | OUTCOMES DATA | 237

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 117.7 66.2

2009
118.8 65.6

2010
119.7 67.3

2011
116.6 65.0

7.9

8.2

7.9

8.4

43.4 10.1

43.6 10.1

46.4 10.4

42.4 11.0

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 115.1 24.1 32.7 30.1

2009
122.6 26.9 32.2 31.7

2010
130.1 24.9 32.6 33.3

2011
133.0 26.1 31.2 31.1

12.7

11.8

17.0

14.1

55.5

63.2

63.7

73.9

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 143.8 37.2 99.1

2009
143.4 39.5 99.2

2010
136.6 38.4 97.5

2011
138.8 38.0 97.5

32.3

36.8

40.3

36.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 106.6 86.9 71.1 46.8

2009
105.8 85.9 72.2 45.6

2010
105.4 85.4 72.6 44.9

2011
106.8 86.4 72.6 46.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NEW JERSEY | OUTCOMES DATA | 238

New Jersey

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Kara Wood, Director
Division of Child Protection and Permanency
Department of Children and Families

The following are New Jerseys comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Performance NJ continues to reduce the number of children entering foster care. The number of children who entered foster care in 2011 was 4,491 compared to 5,249 in 2008. In fact, more children exited foster care than entered for the past four years. Additionally, exits to reunification increased by 7% since 2010 from 59% to 63% in 2011. NJ continues to make significant improvements in reducing the use of congregate care placements for young children over the past four years. The percent of young children placed in congregate care decreased from 2.6% in 2010 to 1.7% in 2011. Over the years, NJ has shown significant improvement in placement stability for children in foster care. In 2011, 72.6% of children in foster care between 12 and 24 months had 2 or fewer placements compared to 66.1% in 2007. NJ continues to make significant improvements in accomplishing permanency through adoption in less than 24 months. The percentage of children exiting to adoption in less than 24 months increased by 30% from 20.1% in 2007 to 26.1% in 2011. Overall, NJ has increased its composite score for timeliness of adoption from 115.1 in 2008 to 133.0 in 2011. NJ exceeded the 75th percentile (69.2%) for children reaching adoption finalization within 12 months of being legally free. 73.9 percent of the children who became legally free were adopted in less than 12 months in 2011 compared to 63.7% in 2010. This is the highest it has been in the past 4 years. NJ significantly reduced the number of children whose parental rights have been terminated and waiting for adoption by 29% from 976 in 2010 to 697 in 2011. This is the lowest it has been in four years. NJ data demonstrates strong performance in achieving permanency for children in foster care for long periods of time. In 2011, NJ exceeded the 75th percentile in the first two composite measures (38.0% in composite 3.1 and 97.5% in composite 3.2). NJ has shown an 11% increase in Caseworker Visits with children in foster care from 73% in FFY10 to 81% in FFY11. NJ also wishes to note that its own data for monthly visits for CY2011 was 96%. Finally, NJ continues to reduce time to investigate A/N reports. In 2011, the average response time was 18.2 hours.

NEW JERSEY | STATE COMMENT | 239

New Mexico

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 506,235 10.5 1.2 2.7 <.1 54.8 28.6 2.1 24.2

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
518,998 10.3 1.1 1.6 <.1 58.4 26.3 2.3 30.0

2009
510,238 10.3 1.3 2.8 <.1 55.3 28.1 2.2 25.3

2011
519,419 10.1 1.1 1.8 <.1 58.6 26.0 2.4 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
5,656 4.2 2,269 427

2009
5,368 3.9 2,022 437

2010
6,018 3.4 1,872 420

2011
6,231 3.4 1,895 350

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 79 2,490 3,171 98 18,993 19,455

2009
85 2,486 2,942 98 18,465 18,920

2010
90 2,468 2,739 99 18,618 18,886

2011
91 2,417 2,667 98 18,345 18,632

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 23,178 5,656 19

2008

Rate

Number
23,277 5,368 10

2009

Rate

Number
27,122 6,018 19

2010

Rate

Number
27,729 6,231 15

2011

Rate

45.8 per 1,000 11.2 per 1,000 3.8 per 100,000

45.6 per 1,000 10.5 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

52.3 per 1,000 11.6 per 1,000 3.7 per 100,000

53.4 per 1,000 12.0 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.6 6.8 6.5 6.3 5.5 6.2 7.0 6.1 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.6 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.5 3.3 2.0 0.0 2.3 5,656

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.9 7.3 7.2 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.9 6.2 5.7 5.6 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.6 3.4 3.9 2.9 1.8 0.0 1.7 5,368

2010
10.4 7.7 7.2 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.0 1.7 0.0 0.5 6,018

2011
10.5 7.6 7.6 7.1 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.2 6.2 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.0 2.5 2.7 1.7 0.0 0.5 6,231 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
6.0 <.1 3.0 0.2 59.4 24.8 2.4 4.2 5,656

2009
8.2 0.1 2.6 <.1 57.8 25.6 2.5 3.2 5,368

2010
9.0 0.1 2.5 <.1 57.4 26.1 2.4 2.5 6,018

2011
5.8 <.1 2.8 <.1 59.1 27.6 2.2 2.5 6,231

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEW MEXICO | CONTEXT DATA | 240

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 16.9 2.8 76.8 14.3 3.9 0.0 <.1 5,656

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
18.9 1.6 78.2 12.6 3.3 0.0 <.1 6,018

2009
16.7 2.4 76.4 13.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 5,368

2011
19.8 2.2 77.1 12.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 6,231 Mean Median

2008
74.6 >48 but<72

2009
70.8 >48 but<72

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 2,381 13.4 2,182 14.1 1,950 13.3 1,858 12.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,137 N/A 1,989 N/A 1,766 N/A 1,775 N/A

2008
2,249 3.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2,149 6.4 1,844 8.9 1,738 4.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,269 14.4 2,022 13.1 1,872 12.8 1,895 13.0

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.7 8.9 8.2 7.2 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.0 4.8 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 8.4 8.9 7.8 6.5 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.2 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 8.4 8.5 7.9 6.9 5.7 6.4 6.3 5.4 5.3 4.6 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.2 4.3 5.1 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 8.4 8.2 8.0 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.0 6.5 5.4 5.1 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.2 4.1 5.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.8 9.2 8.0 7.1 6.3 6.1 6.6 5.5 5.3 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.9 8.7 9.2 6.9 6.7 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.7 4.7 3.7 2.9 3.1 3.8 3.3 4.1 3.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 9.9 9.3 7.4 6.9 5.9 5.7 4.6 5.4 5.0 4.8 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.7 10.0 8.8 7.8 7.3 5.4 6.9 4.7 5.2 4.5 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
5.8 8.3 8.6 7.6 6.4 6.6 7.1 6.1 5.4 4.7 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.6 5.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.1 8.1 9.6 7.4 7.4 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.6 5.8 1.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.6 8.3 9.8 8.5 7.4 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.1 5.0 4.2 4.6 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 6.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 8.5 8.5 8.2 6.7 5.8 5.9 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.1 4.5 3.2 4.3 3.3 3.3 4.0 7.9 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.4 8.4 9.0 7.7 6.5 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.8 3.8 4.0 3.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 8.2 8.7 8.1 6.6 5.9 6.2 6.4 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.2 3.7 4.2 3.3 4.1 4.9 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 8.5 8.1 8.2 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.0 6.5 5.3 5.0 4.6 3.6 3.8 4.2 3.2 4.1 5.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 8.5 9.0 8.2 8.3 6.5 6.1 6.4 4.9 6.0 4.5 3.2 4.2 3.7 3.3 3.7 2.6 4.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 8.0 <.1 3.6 <.1 58.3 25.9 3.5 0.2 0.4 7.9 <.1 4.1 <.1 59.8 24.2 3.6 0.2 <.1 9.9 0.1 3.0 <.1 58.9 23.8 4.0 0.2 0.0 9.4 0.2 3.4 <.1 59.0 25.0 3.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.6 <.1 3.3 0.1 57.5 23.0 3.4 1.6 1.5 13.0 0.2 2.8 0.2 53.7 24.6 3.5 1.2 0.9 10.4 <.1 3.7 <.1 54.1 28.3 2.8 0.3 0.3 7.7 0.1 4.6 0.0 54.9 28.6 3.2 0.7 0.2

2008
9.6 <.1 2.7 0.1 56.4 25.1 3.6 1.0 1.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

10.9 0.1 3.6 <.1 55.3 25.0 3.3 1.0 0.7 10.8 <.1 3.3 <.1 54.8 26.4 3.7 0.5 0.3 8.5 0.2 4.0 0.0 57.9 24.7 3.7 0.7 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8.0 <.1 4.1 <.1 59.4 23.9 3.3 0.7 0.5 9.7 <.1 3.4 <.1 58.6 23.8 3.8 0.3 0.2 9.4 0.1 3.4 <.1 58.4 25.5 3.2 0.0 0.0 8.7 <.1 4.1 <.1 56.1 28.6 2.4 0.0 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW MEXICO | CONTEXT DATA | 241

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 911 588

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
876 545

2010
780 467

2011
790 443 Total children adopted

2008
427

2009
437

2010
420

2011
350

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.3 7.5 8.0 7.5 8.3 6.1 5.8 6.6 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.4 4.3 3.6 5.7 5.8 4.4 1.5

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.9 6.5 6.4 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.3 7.4 6.2 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.6 4.9 4.1 1.4

2009
1.9 7.0 8.8 8.8 8.0 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.3 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.9 3.9 5.1 4.7 1.1

2011
2.3 6.5 8.2 7.2 8.6 6.3 7.8 6.3 4.9 7.6 4.9 4.6 6.1 5.1 4.8 5.1 2.8 0.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.2 9.8 11.9 10.5 7.0 7.0 9.1 8.7 4.9 5.4 3.7 4.0 4.7 3.3 2.3 2.8 2.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
2.1 8.2 9.2 8.9 9.4 7.3 6.9 4.6 7.8 6.4 5.5 5.3 5.0 3.9 3.0 2.1 2.5 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.9 9.5 13.8 10.7 9.5 7.6 7.1 6.7 4.8 5.2 3.3 5.5 2.9 3.3 2.9 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

2011
0.6 8.6 8.6 9.7 8.9 6.6 7.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 8.0 6.9 2.3 5.1 2.6 3.1 1.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 10.9 0.0 4.8 0.1 57.6 22.3 4.0 0.1 0.2

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 3.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 62.3 31.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

2009
9.7 0.1 3.9 0.1 60.6 22.4 3.2 0.0 0.0

2010
10.9 0.0 2.9 0.0 59.2 22.9 4.0 0.0 0.0

2011
11.1 0.1 4.1 0.0 58.6 23.2 2.9 0.0 0.0

2009
6.6 0.0 3.7 0.0 61.6 24.9 3.2 0.0 0.0

2010
5.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 56.0 27.9 5.5 0.0 0.0

2011
7.1 0.0 2.3 0.0 68.9 18.0 3.7 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW MEXICO | CONTEXT DATA | 242

New Mexico

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 91.8 8.2 2,549

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.44 99.56 4,518

2009
91.4 8.6 2,540

2010
91.7 8.3 2,746

2011
90.1 9.9 2,790

2009
0.24 99.76 4,171

2010
0.32 99.68 3,716

2011
0.36 99.64 3,633

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.0 2.0 70.8 7.2 0.0 2,249

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
20.4 2.4 69.3 7.8 0.0 1,738 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.1 1.5 68.2 7.3 0.0 2,149

2010
22.8 0.9 68.4 7.9 0.0 1,844

2008
40.7 3.0 45.3 11.0 0.0 634

2009
42.2 2.5 45.0 10.3 0.0 669

2010
43.1 1.2 45.5 10.2 0.0 655

2011
40.9
3.4
43.6
12.2
0.0
567

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.4 1.5 68.0 26.2 0.0 409

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 12.3 87.7 0.0 106

2009
6.0 0.8 69.5 23.8 0.0 383

2010
3.6 0.4 68.8 27.2 0.0 279

2011
4.4 3.2 64.0 28.4 0.0 317

2009
22.6 77.4 0.0 106

2010
24.5 75.5 0.0 94

2011
23.7 76.3 0.0 97

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 7.4 1.4 73.5 17.7 0.0 215

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

18.4 0.9 63.2 17.5 0.0 234 13.0 2.0 64.5 20.5 0.0 200 19.7 2.7 62.6 15.0 0.0 147

2008
50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
8.2 1.6 72.1 18.0 0.0 61

2009
31.2 0.0 58.4 10.4 0.0 77

2010
39.3 0.0 52.5 8.2 0.0 61

2011
8.7 1.4 82.6 7.2 0.0 69

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
21.9 2.1 70.2 5.8 0.0 1,269

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

24.8 2.1 67.9 5.2 0.0 1,189 24.9 1.1 68.1 5.9 0.0 1,011

2011
23.3 2.7 66.7 7.2 0.0 1,007

2008
23.0 2.3 69.6 5.1 0.0 565

White 2009 2010

21.2 0.7 71.9 6.1 0.0 537 20.7 0.4 72.3 6.6 0.0 487

2011
15.6 2.3 75.8 6.3 0.0 429

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 23

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 85.7 14.3 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 10

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 13

2008
23.5 0.0 67.9 8.6 0.0 81

Two or More Races 2009 2010

28.2 1.4 60.6 9.9 0.0 71 25.0 0.0 64.7 10.3 0.0 68

2011
27.7 0.0 60.0 12.3 0.0 65

2008
0.0 0.0 83.3 16.7 0.0 30

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 93.3 6.7 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW MEXICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 243

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 79.4 15.6 3.7 0.7 0.5 <.1 1,593

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
80.3 14.7 3.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 1,465

2010
76.0 18.9 3.9 0.8 0.5 0.0 1,261

2011
80.1 17.4 1.7 0.6 0.2 <.1 1,205 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
83.5 6.7 9.7 <.1 2,137

2009
83.3 8.4 8.2 <.1 1,989

2010
84.0 7.4 8.6 0.0 1,766

2011
83.7 6.4 9.9 0.0 1,775

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.0 27.8 36.7 24.7 8.7 0.0 449

2009
3.6 27.8 34.3 17.3 16.9 0.0 496

2010
2.9 35.0 33.8 17.1 11.2 0.0 420

2011
3.1 29.0 34.9 19.7 13.2 0.0 355

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 86.9 13.1 0.0 2,303 88.5 11.5 0.0 2,199 89.4 10.6 0.0 1,925 87.6 12.3 0.1 1,927

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
51.2 48.8 0.0 1,105 55.1 44.9 0.0 927 60.6 39.4 0.0 925 57.6 42.4 0.0 902

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

26.5 73.5 0.0 1,097 25.3 74.7 0.0 1,039 22.0 78.0 0.0 860 20.9 79.1 0.0 803

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 13 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 9.4 1.2 89.4 0.0 1,781

2009
8.6 1.0 90.4 0.0 1,648

2010
7.0 0.7 92.3 0.0 1,494

2011
3.4 0.5 96.1 0.0 1,498

NEW MEXICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 244

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 109.5 60.0

2009
113.7 62.2

2010
109.6 61.0

2011
116.4 71.2

10.0

9.7

10.0

9.3

34.1 10.5

33.9 9.0

38.1 8.4

29.1 10.6

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 139.9 29.8 30.9 37.5

2009
139.6 31.5 29.2 42.4

2010
144.8 37.9 27.8 41.3

2011
138.7 32.1 28.5 36.1

25.1

22.1

17.4

16.1

55.4

52.6

57.8

54.9

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 140.5 41.5 93.4

2009
138.0 45.9 94.8

2010
130.2 42.4 93.0

2011
124.9 40.8 91.5

43.5

45.0

47.4

46.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 82.2 76.6 51.2 26.6

2009
85.8 80.2 55.1 25.3

2010
87.6 82.2 60.6 22.0

2011
84.8 79.9 57.6 20.9

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NEW MEXICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 245

New York
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
84,074 2.9 29,762 2,394

2009
90,031 2.8 28,215 2,398

2010
88,842 2.7 26,774 2,205

2011
83,678 2.4 25,044 2,152

4,453,218 4,424,083 4,317,426 4,286,008 0.3 6.8 16.8 <.1 21.3 52.4 2.3 19.1 0.3 7.0 16.7 <.1 21.7 51.7 2.4 20.0 0.4 6.9 16.2 <.1 22.6 51.2 2.8 21.2 0.4 7.0 16.1 <.1 22.9 50.6 3.0 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 21 7,385 34,727 75 36,059 47,804

2009
47 15,673 33,145 88 102,846 116,292

2010
67 21,974 32,571 92 159,120 173,157

2011
82 24,946 30,604 94 192,471 203,685

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 265,544 84,074 100

2008

Rate

Number
282,373 90,031 99

2009

Rate

Number
282,132 88,842 114

2010

Rate

Number
279,610 83,678 83

2011

Rate

59.6 per 1,000 18.9 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

63.8 per 1,000 20.4 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

65.3 per 1,000 20.6 per 1,000 2.6 per 100,000

65.2 per 1,000 19.5 per 1,000 1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 8.9 5.9 5.7 5.2 4.9 5.2 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.5 6.1 6.5 5.9 3.0 <.1 0.2 84,074

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
9.0 6.2 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.5 6.1 3.3 <.1 0.1 90,031

2010
9.1 6.6 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.9 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.9 5.9 3.3 <.1 0.1 88,842

2011
9.2 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.8 5.7 3.3 <.1 0.2 83,678 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.3 1.4 28.9 <.1 23.7 33.8 2.5 9.4 84,074

2009
0.3 1.2 28.4 <.1 24.0 33.8 2.6 9.7 90,031

2010
0.3 1.4 28.1 <.1 24.0 33.8 2.9 9.4 88,842

2011
0.4 1.3 28.1 <.1 24.3 34.0 2.5 9.4 83,678

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NEW YORK | CONTEXT DATA | 246

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.8 5.1 91.8 10.1 3.3 0.0 25.8 84,074

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.8 5.0 92.4 9.9 3.0 0.0 27.7 88,842

2009
0.9 5.3 92.2 9.8 3.1 0.0 25.6 90,031

2011
0.7 4.7 93.1 9.5 2.9 0.0 27.2 83,678 Mean Median

2008
5.1 <24

2009
4.2 <24

2010
3.4 <24

2011
3.9 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 29,394 20.9 28,846 22.0 27,495 22.5 26,305 22.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

12,720 N/A 12,177 N/A 11,782 N/A 10,468 N/A

2008
12,352 15.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

12,808 15.2 12,503 16.0 11,729 16.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

29,762 22.5 28,215 22.8 26,774 23.1 25,044 23.0

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.8 5.2 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.6 6.1 7.7 9.1 8.2 5.3 3.7 3.0 0.2 4.0 5.3 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.2 5.7 7.5 8.7 7.9 5.3 3.9 2.9 0.1 4.1 5.6 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.1 5.0 7.1 8.5 8.0 5.4 4.2 3.1 0.2 4.2 5.7 6.1 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.9 5.1 6.7 8.1 7.5 5.3 4.1 3.2 0.2

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.9 6.1 4.9 4.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.6 5.5 8.2 11.5 8.9 3.8 0.2 <.1 <.1 <.1 15.6 6.6 4.5 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.7 5.3 7.9 11.0 9.5 4.2 0.1 0.1 <.1 <.1 15.9 6.2 5.4 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.5 5.2 7.4 11.0 8.6 3.9 0.2 0.1 <.1 0.0 15.8 6.3 5.6 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.6 4.9 6.9 10.7 8.3 4.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0

2008
4.2 4.2 5.1 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 4.1 5.2 7.8 9.2 7.9 5.7 2.1 4.1 3.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.5 4.5 5.7 5.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.7 5.3 7.3 8.8 7.0 5.3 2.2 4.7 2.4 4.2 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.7 6.7 8.8 7.2 5.4 2.4 6.1 1.0 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.4 4.6 6.5 9.1 7.6 5.0 2.3 6.8 1.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.7 5.2 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.1 5.5 7.4 8.8 8.0 5.6 4.0 2.9 0.4 3.8 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 4.0 5.0 7.0 8.7 8.2 5.8 4.2 3.2 0.3 3.9 5.6 6.0 5.2 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.8 5.1 6.6 8.2 7.8 5.7 4.2 3.3 0.4 3.9 5.6 6.2 5.8 4.9 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 4.0 4.8 6.4 7.6 7.3 5.5 4.4 3.4 0.4

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.4 45.9 0.0 20.5 17.3 2.4 13.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 47.7 0.0 21.2 18.5 2.6 9.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 48.7 0.0 21.7 18.5 2.9 7.5 <.1 0.2 0.6 48.0 0.0 21.5 18.7 3.1 7.9 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.6 42.3 0.0 20.9 21.1 2.7 12.2 0.0 0.4 0.5 42.7 0.0 21.9 21.0 3.1 10.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 42.6 0.0 21.6 22.4 3.8 8.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 28.2 0.0 13.5 21.8 3.9 32.0 <.1

2008
0.2 0.5 41.2 0.0 20.1 21.1 2.8 14.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.4 0.4 41.7 0.0 20.5 20.9 2.8 13.3 0.0 0.2 0.5 43.9 0.0 21.5 21.7 3.6 8.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 41.2 0.0 19.6 21.7 3.3 13.3 0.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.4 46.3 0.0 20.9 17.3 2.4 12.6 0.0 0.2 0.5 48.3 0.0 21.8 18.4 2.7 8.1 0.0 0.3 0.6 48.3 0.0 21.7 18.7 3.0 7.5 <.1 0.3 0.5 42.9 0.0 19.1 18.5 3.3 15.4 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW YORK | CONTEXT DATA | 247

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 7,126 3,947

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
6,963 3,470

2010
6,669 3,421

2011
6,480 3,330 Total children adopted

2008
2,394

2009
2,398

2010
2,205

2011
2,152

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 0.8 4.0 7.8 6.8 6.8 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.2 6.2 6.8 5.4 4.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.4 4.6 7.8 8.3 8.0 6.6 6.4 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.5 4.3

2009
0.7 4.5 7.6 8.5 6.8 6.9 6.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.8 5.3 4.1

2011
0.4 4.3 8.5 9.0 7.9 7.3 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.4 4.3 3.3 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.5 4.1 9.3 9.7 9.1 7.3 6.7 6.1 6.3 5.5 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.5 3.8 3.7 2.7 2.3 1.7 0.6 0.5

2009
0.5 3.3 10.6 10.5 8.8 7.5 7.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.8 5.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 2.6 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.5

2010
0.4 4.5 9.4 11.2 9.8 8.8 7.4 6.5 5.7 6.2 4.8 3.7 4.7 4.0 3.4 2.9 2.7 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.1

2011
0.7 4.5 9.1 11.2 10.3 8.8 7.9 6.1 5.6 5.9 4.6 4.9 3.6 4.8 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.7 0.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.3 45.7 0.0 19.9 15.1 2.6 16.3 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.6 41.6 0.0 14.3 19.6 3.3 20.3 0.0

2009
0.2 0.3 50.6 0.0 21.2 16.6 2.9 8.3 0.0

2010
0.1 0.3 52.2 0.0 19.9 16.7 2.9 7.8 0.0

2011
0.2 0.3 51.1 0.0 21.3 15.6 3.1 8.4 0.0

2009
<.1 0.2 41.0 0.0 18.1 21.7 2.8 16.2 0.0

2010
0.2 0.2 42.1 0.0 19.1 25.1 4.6 8.7 0.0

2011
<.1 0.3 44.7 0.0 18.6 26.0 3.7 6.6 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW YORK | CONTEXT DATA | 248

New York

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 87.9 12.1 39,013

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 1.44 98.56 42,114

2009
87.8 12.2 41,345

2010
87.7 12.3 41,086

2011
87.8 12.2 39,144

2009
2.04 97.96 41,023

2010
1.91 98.09 39,277

2011
1.38 98.62 36,773

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.3 0.0 64.9 16.7 0.1 12,352

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
18.3 0.0 64.8 15.7 1.2 11,729 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
18.1 0.0 66.0 15.7 0.2 12,808

2010
17.0 0.0 67.0 14.9 1.0 12,503

2008
23.1 0.0 56.7 20.2 <.1 2,833

2009
22.7 0.0 57.3 19.9 0.2 4,075

2010
20.9 0.0 57.0 21.9 0.2 4,529

2011

22.6
0.0
54.2
23.1
0.1
4,640

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.9 0.0 68.1 30.9 <.1 4,520

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 38.5 61.4 <.1 1,448

2009
1.4 0.0 67.7 30.7 0.2 4,493

2010
0.9 0.0 66.2 30.3 2.6 4,366

2011
1.5 0.0 64.0 31.6 2.9 4,229

2009
38.8 61.1 0.1 1,397

2010
33.9 66.1 0.0 1,389

2011
31.1 68.9 0.0 1,349

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.0 0.0 68.0 12.0 0.0 25

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

4.4 0.0 86.7 8.9 0.0 45 16.7 0.0 70.0 10.0 3.3 30 3.7 0.0 88.9 0.0 7.4 27

2008
20.9 0.0 65.7 13.4 0.0 67

Asian 2009 2010

7.3 0.0 72.7 16.4 3.6 55 5.9 0.0 82.4 11.8 0.0 68

Black 2011
10.9 0.0 71.9 15.6 1.6 64

2008
18.6 0.0 63.3 17.9 0.2 5,094

2009
17.8 0.0 63.4 18.6 0.2 5,340

2010
16.5 0.0 66.4 17.0 <.1 5,485

2011
19.9 0.0 60.0 19.3 0.8 4,833

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
13.3 0.0 70.5 16.0 0.1 2,480

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

16.0 0.0 71.0 12.7 0.3 2,628 15.3 0.0 71.1 13.5 0.1 2,686

2011
17.4 0.0 65.4 16.9 0.2 2,295

2008
16.9 0.0 68.7 14.3 0.1 2,610

White 2009 2010

18.5 0.0 69.9 11.3 0.2 2,681 19.0 0.0 67.5 12.0 1.4 2,714

2011
22.0 0.0 64.6 11.8 1.7 2,546

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 26.3 0.0 55.2 18.5 0.0 1,734

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

22.2 0.0 57.7 19.9 0.2 1,701 18.1 0.0 64.4 17.4 <.1 1,040

2011
9.1 0.0 79.2 11.4 0.3 1,561

2008
20.8 0.0 66.4 12.9 0.0 342

Two or More Races 2009 2010

17.9 0.0 73.2 8.7 0.3 358 21.8 0.0 55.3 11.0 11.9 454

2011
20.7 0.0 64.2 7.5 7.5 386

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 26

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 17

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NEW YORK | OUTCOMES DATA | 249

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 60.2 23.7 7.6 3.3 5.1 0.1 8,013

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
60.7 20.7 10.2 3.9 4.5 0.2 8,448

2010
58.2 21.4 9.8 5.6 5.0 0.1 8,381

2011
56.8 22.9 9.7 5.0 5.5 0.1 7,601 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within
12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
76.6 11.1 12.3 0.0 12,720

2009
77.0 11.0 11.5 0.5 12,177

2010
77.4 11.3 11.2 0.0 11,782

2011
75.8
12.2 12.0 0.0 10,468

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.5 9.3 18.3 19.3 51.6 0.0 2,266

2009
1.6 8.6 23.6 21.0 45.2 0.0 2,317

2010
1.3 9.1 19.0 24.9 45.8 0.0 2,127

2011
2.0 11.0 20.3 20.6 46.1 0.0 2,152

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 90.9 9.1 0.0 89.1 10.2 0.7 89.9 10.1 0.0 90.1 9.9 0.0

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
74.0 26.0 0.0 8,710 72.4 27.5 <.1 8,211 71.7 28.3 0.0 7,744 72.3 27.7 0.0 7,531

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

42.6 57.4 0.0 43.9 56.1 <.1 43.8 56.2 0.0 44.1 55.9 0.0

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

71.4 28.6 0.0 14 73.9 26.1 0.0 23 68.8 31.3 0.0 16 76.5 23.5 0.0 17

14,514 14,229 13,636 12,419

18,876 18,560 17,881 16,806

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.9 3.7 95.4 0.0 7,789

2009
0.9 4.6 94.5 0.0 7,453

2010
0.9 4.3 94.8 0.0 7,414

2011
0.8 3.4 95.9 0.0 6,616

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 99.4 56.4

2009
95.7 56.6

2010
97.3 54.7

2011
96.3 54.1

10.6

10.6

10.9

11.1

35.4 13.4

39.0 16.0

39.8 14.3

40.9 14.7

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 56.5 11.0 48.9 16.5

2009
66.5 10.5 43.6 17.2

2010
66.4 10.5 45.6 16.9

2011
72.0 13.1 45.5 17.6

9.2

9.9

10.4

11.1

42.0

46.9

45.0

49.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 113.7 24.3 94.9

2009
118.6 25.8 96.2

2010
121.6 26.7 95.7

2011
122.8 27.0 96.4

48.5

45.9

44.0

44.3

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 109.9 90.2 74.1 45.8

2009
108.6 88.8 72.5 47.3

2010
108.5 89.2 71.7 47.5

2011
109.2 89.5 72.4 47.8

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

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North Carolina

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
24,618 2.3 10,065 1,694

2009
24,506 2.2 9,645 1,725

2010
23,938 2.1 9,079 1,615

2011
24,883 2.2 8,732 1,452

2,254,288 2,277,967 2,279,498 2,287,593 1.2 2.2 23.6 <.1 12.3 58.2 2.4 19.9 1.2 2.3 23.4 <.1 13.0 57.6 2.4 22.5 1.3 2.4 23.8 <.1 13.6 55.4 3.5 24.9 1.3 2.5 23.5 <.1 14.1 54.9 3.6 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 30 4,300 14,206 79 22,739 28,814

2009
67 9,077 13,520 82 57,466 69,714

2010
81 10,283 12,674 85 68,417 80,622

2011
90 11,170 12,460 87 75,627 86,560

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 139,640 24,618

2008

Rate

Number
138,229 24,506

2009

Rate

Number
137,672 23,938 17

2010

Rate

Number
144,481 24,883 19

2011

Rate

61.9 per 1,000 10.9 per 1,000 - per 100,000

60.7 per 1,000 10.8 per 1,000 - per 100,000

60.4 per 1,000 10.5 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

63.2 per 1,000 10.9 per 1,000 0.8 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.0 8.0 7.2 6.7 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.5 3.5 1.2 0.0 <.1 24,618

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.3 8.2 7.6 7.0 6.1 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.6 1.3 0.0 <.1 24,506

2010
12.4 8.4 7.7 7.3 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.3 1.2 0.0 <.1 23,938

2011
11.4 8.1 7.8 7.4 6.9 6.6 5.8 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.2 1.1 0.0 <.1 24,883 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
1.7 0.4 31.4 0.2 10.0 51.8 3.4 1.1 24,618

2009
1.6 0.4 31.2 0.2 10.1 51.1 4.2 1.1 24,506

2010
2.0 0.3 30.2 0.1 9.8 52.1 4.5 1.0 23,938

2011
2.2 0.3 29.6 0.2 9.6 52.3 4.8 1.0 24,883

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NORTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 252

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.4 1.9 79.0 9.4 8.0 0.0 1.4 24,618

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.5 1.9 79.6 9.1 7.8 0.6 0.5 23,938

2009
0.3 1.7 79.8 9.8 7.5 0.3 0.7 24,506

2011
0.5 1.9 79.7 9.0 7.6 0.9 0.4 24,883 Mean Median

2008
44.6 >24 but<48

2009
46.8 >24 but<48

2010
41.7 >24 but<48

2011
48.8 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 10,577 13.9 9,704 15.4 9,150 14.5 8,466 13.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,084 N/A 4,911 N/A 4,708 N/A 5,071 N/A

2008
5,596 15.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4,970 17.2 4,779 16.4 4,805 15.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

10,065 15.8 9,645 15.2 9,079 14.8 8,732 13.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 8.3 6.9 5.9 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.3 5.5 7.2 7.2 6.6 1.5 0.5 0.2 <.1 6.0 8.1 7.7 5.8 5.6 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.8 6.6 7.9 6.7 1.6 0.7 0.3 <.1 6.1 7.7 7.3 6.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.4 5.1 5.8 7.6 7.0 2.0 0.9 0.4 <.1 6.1 8.2 7.9 6.5 6.0 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.8 6.3 6.9 5.9 1.7 0.9 0.3 0.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.9 8.4 6.4 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 4.3 5.1 7.2 4.5 2.5 0.7 0.1 <.1 <.1 18.4 7.4 6.7 5.9 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.0 5.5 6.3 5.4 3.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 <.1 18.3 8.7 7.2 7.0 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.8 4.4 5.1 4.7 3.1 1.4 0.4 0.1 <.1 15.3 8.3 7.9 7.0 6.5 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 2.9 4.1 4.7 4.7 4.1 2.8 2.9 0.6 0.2 0.0

2008
4.3 8.6 8.0 7.0 5.9 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.3 4.0 4.5 5.2 6.0 7.4 0.8 0.5 0.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.3 8.5 8.6 7.8 6.0 5.8 4.6 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.9 5.3 5.1 9.1 1.1 0.6 0.2 4.1 8.7 7.9 8.3 6.0 5.4 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.7 4.6 7.8 7.1 1.3 1.0 <.1 3.6 8.0 9.4 7.8 6.5 6.2 5.1 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.6 9.1 4.0 1.4 1.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.8 8.0 7.7 5.8 5.6 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.7 6.6 7.9 6.9 2.0 0.8 0.3 <.1 5.8 7.6 7.3 6.9 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.8 7.3 7.4 2.4 1.0 0.4 <.1 5.8 7.7 7.7 6.5 6.0 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.6 6.0 6.5 7.1 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.2 5.4 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.4 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.4 4.6 5.5 6.4 6.7 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.3

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.4 <.1 40.2 0.3 8.0 45.2 4.3 0.5 0.0 1.3 <.1 39.9 0.3 7.9 45.3 4.6 0.6 0.0 1.3 0.2 39.8 0.2 8.2 45.3 4.7 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.2 37.8 0.1 8.7 46.3 4.8 0.4 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.6 0.2 36.1 0.2 8.4 48.3 4.4 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.3 35.1 0.3 9.5 48.8 4.6 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.3 32.3 <.1 9.6 50.2 4.9 0.5 0.0 2.1 0.4 32.8 0.1 8.6 49.3 6.0 0.6 0.0

2008
1.8 0.1 36.9 0.2 8.5 47.7 4.1 0.6 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1.0 <.1 35.6 0.3 9.2 48.3 4.8 0.7 0.0 1.4 0.3 36.2 0.2 9.2 47.7 4.7 0.4 0.0 1.6 0.4 34.6 0.1 8.5 48.8 5.5 0.5 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.3 <.1 40.0 0.3 7.9 45.4 4.4 0.6 0.0 1.2 0.2 39.7 0.2 8.1 45.5 4.5 0.6 0.0 1.6 0.2 37.9 0.1 8.4 46.5 4.8 0.4 0.0 1.9 0.3 36.7 0.1 8.7 46.7 5.2 0.4 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 253

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 2,946 1,612

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,746 1,470

2010
2,468 1,250

2011
2,263 1,149 Total children adopted

2008
1,694

2009
1,725

2010
1,615

2011
1,452

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.3 7.9 8.9 6.2 6.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.4 4.3 5.0 4.8 5.2 6.3 5.3

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
2.8 6.9 8.8 7.0 7.1 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.9 4.5 4.5 5.9 4.7 5.1

2009
3.5 7.5 8.5 7.7 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.7 5.6 4.7 4.9 5.4

2011
2.7 7.3 8.1 7.0 6.1 5.9 4.7 5.4 5.0 5.7 4.9 6.1 5.6 6.1 4.5 4.6 5.9 4.2 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.5 12.1 13.2 10.5 10.0 6.4 6.8 5.6 6.8 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 <.1 0.0 0.0

2009
3.5 11.0 12.7 11.1 8.9 7.9 6.2 5.5 5.9 5.7 4.1 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.4 <.1 0.0 0.0

2010
3.0 10.5 11.5 12.0 8.1 6.7 6.9 5.7 6.1 5.4 4.8 3.2 4.0 3.6 2.9 2.0 2.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
2.1 8.9 13.7 10.2 9.0 9.1 6.9 5.6 5.4 4.4 4.9 4.1 3.9 3.1 2.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.8 <.1 41.1 0.5 7.0 44.8 5.3 0.5 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.4 <.1 35.1 <.1 8.6 44.2 10.3 0.4 0.0

2009
0.9 <.1 40.9 0.2 7.2 45.0 5.4 0.4 0.0

2010
1.1 0.0 37.5 0.2 8.2 46.6 6.2 0.3 0.0

2011
1.3 0.0 35.6 0.1 10.4 46.3 5.7 0.5 0.0

2009
0.8 0.1 31.9 <.1 8.7 45.9 12.4 0.2 0.0

2010
1.7 <.1 34.0 0.2 4.5 50.1 9.2 0.2 0.0

2011
1.4 <.1 36.2 0.0 4.2 46.8 11.4 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 254

North Carolina

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.5 2.5 4,520

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.66 99.34 15,661

2009
97.6 2.4 4,442

2010
97.5 2.5 4,189

2011
96.7 3.3 4,463

2009
0.50 99.50 14,615

2010
0.35 99.65 13,858

2011
0.47 99.53 13,537

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 26.1 13.4 48.5 12.0 <.1 5,596

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
26.5 14.2 46.5 12.7 0.1 4,805 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
29.2 12.4 46.7 11.7 <.1 4,970

2010
27.3 12.7 46.8 13.0 0.2 4,779

2008
22.6 12.3 42.4 22.8 0.0 602

2009
25.5 12.0 41.3 21.3 0.0 550

2010
20.5 10.0 45.0 24.3 0.2 560

2011

22.7
10.6
42.6
24.0
0.2
538

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 2.9 10.2 54.2 32.6 <.1 1,369

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 22.8 77.2 0.0 514

2009
3.7 10.4 50.9 35.1 0.0 1,176

2010
2.8 8.3 48.8 39.8 0.4 1,119

2011
3.5 9.1 45.3 41.7 0.4 1,106

2009
23.4 76.4 0.2 492

2010
23.6 76.4 0.0 552

2011
15.7 84.3 0.0 515

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 17.2 24.2 48.5 10.1 0.0 99

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

22.4 16.3 51.0 10.2 0.0 49 20.9 11.9 55.2 11.9 0.0 67 15.8 6.6 75.0 2.6 0.0 76

2008
14.3 0.0 42.9 42.9 0.0 7

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 15.4 7.7 69.2 7.7 0.0 13

Black 2011
0.0 5.3 84.2 10.5 0.0 19

2008
26.3 14.4 44.8 14.4 <.1 2,063

2009
26.9 13.5 43.4 16.2 0.0 1,770

2010
27.6 11.7 42.9 17.7 0.1 1,728

2011
27.0 13.7 44.2 15.1 0.1 1,661

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 53.8 15.4 30.8 0.0 0.0 13 50.0 31.3 18.8 0.0 0.0 16 45.5 18.2 36.4 0.0 0.0 11 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5

2008
24.1 12.6 58.6 4.8 0.0 478

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

28.2 11.8 50.1 9.8 0.0 457 23.2 9.3 59.2 8.2 0.0 439

2011
26.7 10.5 53.8 8.8 0.2 409

2008
25.8 12.6 49.6 12.0 <.1 2,669

White 2009 2010

29.8 12.0 48.4 9.7 <.1 2,401 27.8 14.0 46.7 11.2 0.2 2,278

2011
25.3 15.5 46.8 12.4 <.1 2,346

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 36.1 2.8 52.8 8.3 0.0 36

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

22.2 11.1 63.9 2.8 0.0 36 33.3 5.6 55.6 5.6 0.0 18

2011
28.0 4.0 60.0 8.0 0.0 25

2008
34.2 11.7 48.1 6.1 0.0 231

Two or More Races 2009 2010

43.9 7.5 44.8 3.8 0.0 239 29.8 14.2 48.4 7.1 0.4 225

2011
38.3 15.5 35.6 10.6 0.0 264

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 255

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 56.7 30.2 7.8 3.1 2.1 0.1 2,714

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
52.3 31.7 9.5 3.7 2.8 0.0 2,320

2010
54.5 31.6 8.0 2.9 3.0 0.0 2,235

2011
55.8 32.5 6.8 2.2 2.6 <.1 2,233 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
97.5 1.1 1.4 0.0 5,084

2009
96.7 1.8 1.5 0.0 4,911

2010
96.7 1.7 1.6 0.0 4,708

2011
96.4 2.3 1.3 <.1 5,071

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 4.9 29.2 36.0 17.4 12.6 0.0 1,463

2009
5.5 28.3 32.6 18.8 14.8 0.0 1,452

2010
6.2 30.0 30.7 18.9 14.2 0.0 1,306

2011
6.7 27.0 36.3 15.3 14.7 0.0 1,275

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 91.7 8.3 0.0 6,192 92.8 7.2 0.0 5,754 92.2 7.8 0.0 5,600 91.7 8.3 0.0 5,936

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
76.8 23.2 0.0 4,311 75.7 24.3 0.0 3,843 76.2 23.8 0.0 3,745 76.9 23.1 0.0 3,540

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

44.7 55.3 0.0 5,145 44.6 55.4 0.0 5,009 42.7 57.3 0.0 4,504 41.8 58.2 0.0 4,035

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 13 100.0 0.0 0.0 9 100.0 0.0 0.0 9 92.3 7.7 0.0 26

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.7 1.4 94.0 2.8 3,799

2009
1.4 1.7 93.6 3.2 3,604

2010
1.2 1.3 94.6 2.9 3,576

2011
0.9 1.7 94.9 2.5 3,818

NORTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 256

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 125.7 60.2

2009
117.2 55.8

2010
119.8 57.7

2011
123.0 60.3

9.9

10.5

10.3

9.7

28.6 2.0

23.3 1.4

23.6 2.0

26.1 2.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 122.3 34.0 28.8 25.9

2009
127.4 33.8 28.5 27.2

2010
123.9 36.2 28.5 26.4

2011
122.8 33.7 28.5 29.0

14.8

13.9

10.7

12.7

58.9

64.9

64.6

59.6

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 121.9 31.3 93.7

2009
124.5 32.1 95.2

2010
120.0 31.1 95.4

2011
130.2 33.4 96.7

47.7

47.0

48.4

42.7

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 111.8 91.5 76.9 45.0

2009
112.2 92.7 75.9 45.0

2010
110.9 92.1 76.3 43.4

2011
110.8 91.7 77.2 42.5

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NORTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 257

North Carolina

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Sherry S. Bradsher, Director
Division of Social Services
Department of Health and Human Services

The following are North Carolinas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. In Section A, North Carolina is pleased to have achieved the benchmark of 90% for Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care. In regard to Section B, North Carolina has experienced an increase in the amount of time to investigation from 41.7 hours in 2010 to 48.8 hours in 2011. Several factors have contributed to this increase including a sharp increase of actual reports alleging maltreatment investigated in 2011 after a 3 year decline. With family-centered practice, every effort is made to meet with the entire family when appropriate for the initial contact. The increase in reports, a planful approach to intervening on behalf of children, and anecdotal reports from county departments regarding extended staff vacancies due to budgetary constraints were contributing factors in the increase in time to initiating investigations. This is an area that will be monitored to identify opportunities to provide technical assistance to county departments. North Carolina is pleased to see continued decreases in the total number of children in foster care and their median length of stay in foster care. Contributing factors include expanded efforts in family finding, focused prevention activities in providing In Home Services, and creative use of the courts in many counties in our State supervised county administered system. In regard to Recurrence of Maltreatment within 6 Months, North Carolina is disappointed in the increase to the 2011 rate. High profile child fatalities and improved media coverage of child abuse awareness campaigns have contributed to increased reporting of suspected maltreatment, including reports on recently served families. Economic issues and a significant number of military personnel returning from deployments have also been suggested as possible contributors. Further evaluation of additional data is needed regarding factors influencing this outcome. In regard to Time to Reunification in Section 4 of the outcomes data, North Carolina is pleased to see the length of time to reunification decrease. In regard to the rate of children reentering foster care within 12 months of a prior episode, a practice has emerged in which custody is granted to the relative/kin while the county departments work with parents to ameliorate those conditions that created the need for the intervention. When the parent is ready for the safe return of the children to their home, the county departments will reassume custody of the children, making it appear that it is a reentry to care. This practice is being evaluated for its effectiveness at fully engaging families.

NORTH CAROLINA | STATE COMMENT | 258

North Dakota

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 143,017 9.1 0.9 1.7 <.1 3.8 81.8 2.6 15.3

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
149,771 8.5 0.9 1.8 <.1 3.6 81.7 3.5 16.2

2009
143,971 9.1 0.9 1.8 <.1 3.9 81.5 2.6 13.0

2011
151,156 8.4 0.9 1.9 <.1 3.9 81.1 3.7 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,285 6.6 1,308 159

2009
1,254 6.5 1,283 142

2010
1,144 5.3 1,131 145

2011
1,323 5.2 1,105 119

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 13 222 1,667 65

2009
46 753 1,624 70 3,366 4,775

2010
68 1,088 1,596 79 5,989 7,625

2011
78 1,169 1,507 82 6,836 8,329

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 6,984 1,285 3

2008

Rate

Number
6,936 1,254 2

2009

Rate

Number
6,915 1,144 1

2010

Rate

Number
6,900 1,323 1

2011

Rate

48.8 per 1,000 9.0 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

48.2 per 1,000 8.7 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

46.2 per 1,000 7.6 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

45.6 per 1,000 8.8 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 8.1 7.7 7.9 7.2 5.9 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.8 4.7 5.9 3.7 4.0 5.1 4.5 5.0 5.2 3.1 0.0 0.0 1,285

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
8.1 7.7 7.7 5.5 6.7 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.7 3.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 1,254

2010
7.2 7.5 7.1 7.8 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.6 4.2 4.2 3.5 5.2 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.9 2.2 0.0 8.1 1,144

2011
9.1 6.7 7.1 7.7 7.3 6.3 6.7 4.5 5.1 4.2 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.7 4.2 4.3 2.6 1.7 0.0 1.6 1,323 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
29.4 0.0 5.9 0.0 6.7 63.8 0.0 0.9 1,285

2009
29.8 0.4 4.5 0.0 5.9 57.4 0.0 2.0 1,254

2010
18.0 <.1 1.2 0.3 4.6 52.3 5.1 18.4 1,144

2011
24.1 <.1 3.9 0.3 2.8 52.5 6.3 10.0 1,323

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
NORTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 259

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 54.6 0.0 91.7 15.2 7.7 0.0 0.0 1,285

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
42.2 3.4 66.5 15.7 4.0 0.0 0.0 1,144

2009
46.5 3.9 89.2 20.8 5.2 0.0 0.0 1,254

2011
36.3 2.3 68.9 15.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 1,323 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010
53.3 <24

2011
33.0 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,195 12.6 1,178 11.5 1,098 11.5 983 13.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

947 N/A 941 N/A 796 N/A 780 N/A

2008
834 10.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

836 9.5 763 10.0 658 10.8

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,308 11.4 1,283 11.5 1,131 13.2 1,105 11.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.3 5.5 6.6 9.4 11.0 11.9 1.7 0.3 <.1 0.0 5.3 4.8 4.6 5.0 3.9 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.5 4.2 3.7 4.2 2.9 4.5 6.1 8.3 13.1 13.2 1.4 0.3 <.1 0.3 3.9 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 2.7 3.8 4.5 4.0 4.4 7.0 8.7 12.2 13.2 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 3.0 5.7 4.3 5.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.1 3.9 3.2 3.9 2.6 4.9 6.1 6.4 9.3 11.5 11.5 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 3.6 2.6 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.8 6.0 10.5 13.6 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 12.4 6.4 5.8 4.4 4.5 2.2 3.7 2.1 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.8 6.6 7.2 8.5 11.3 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 11.1 4.6 5.5 4.3 4.1 4.4 2.5 3.4 2.5 2.0 3.5 2.3 3.9 5.5 7.5 10.9 11.2 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 11.0 6.2 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.5 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.7 4.0 4.7 6.9 11.7 9.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
10.0 5.8 5.0 3.7 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.6 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.0 2.5 4.2 5.4 7.4 16.1 10.3 0.6 0.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.6 5.5 6.6 4.9 4.2 2.4 3.0 2.4 4.2 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.3 3.2 4.1 5.4 9.4 11.7 15.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.5 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.0 2.2 1.6 4.1 3.7 2.8 2.8 3.9 8.5 9.4 18.1 9.0 0.3 0.0 0.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 6.1 4.1 3.2 4.1 4.1 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.3 3.5 3.0 5.3 7.0 8.7 18.2 6.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.6 4.4 4.4 5.3 4.1 3.1 3.5 4.1 3.4 4.2 3.6 4.3 2.8 4.4 6.2 9.0 13.3 12.3 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 5.8 6.0 4.3 4.5 5.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.5 6.5 8.3 11.1 12.5 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.3 3.1 5.7 4.7 5.7 4.1 4.7 4.3 3.2 4.2 2.7 3.8 2.6 4.2 5.6 6.5 8.8 10.7 11.1 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 3.9 4.7 5.4 4.6 5.4 4.6 4.6 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.0 4.2 2.6 5.0 7.0 10.0 10.2 11.1 1.8 0.4 <.1 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 24.5 0.8 2.0 <.1 6.6 56.9 9.0 <.1 0.0 25.5 1.0 2.5 <.1 6.4 55.0 9.3 0.2 0.0 25.5 1.1 4.2 0.2 6.2 53.5 9.3 <.1 0.0 28.5 0.5 3.4 0.1 5.0 51.4 10.6 0.6 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

22.8 1.1 4.8 0.0 6.7 55.2 9.5 0.0 0.0 22.2 1.2 5.7 0.3 5.6 54.4 10.1 0.4 0.0 23.4 0.9 4.1 0.1 4.1 56.4 7.8 0.8 2.4 27.9 0.1 3.3 0.5 4.5 52.7 6.3 4.5 0.1

2008
20.6 0.8 4.2 0.0 6.7 57.9 9.7 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

21.7 1.2 3.9 0.2 7.1 55.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 22.8 0.9 4.2 0.3 5.8 57.5 7.1 0.3 1.2 25.2 0.5 3.0 0.3 5.2 54.0 9.9 2.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.8 0.9 2.6 <.1 6.6 55.0 8.9 <.1 0.0 25.6 1.0 4.0 0.2 5.4 54.0 9.4 0.5 0.0 25.8 1.1 4.2 <.1 5.0 52.8 9.7 0.4 0.9 30.0 0.3 3.5 0.3 4.5 50.8 8.0 2.5 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 260

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 312 240

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
334 239

2010
234 136

2011
245 129 Total children adopted

2008
159

2009
142

2010
145

2011
119

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 13.1 5.8 6.7 9.9 5.8 5.1 4.8 6.7 5.4 6.7 4.5 6.7 2.6 2.6 5.1 2.9 2.9 2.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.4 8.5 9.4 9.4 6.4 9.4 4.3 7.7 8.5 4.7 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.7 2.1 3.4 3.4 3.4

2009
12.0 9.3 5.1 6.0 10.2 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.1 2.4 3.0 3.3 2.4 1.8

2011
2.4 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.2 6.9 6.5 5.7 6.5 4.9 4.9 4.9 2.9 6.5 5.7 3.3 4.5 4.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
28.9 10.7 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 4.4 9.4 3.1 5.7 1.9 1.9 1.3 0.6 3.8 0.6 1.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
27.5 7.0 9.2 9.2 4.2 5.6 3.5 1.4 7.7 3.5 6.3 4.2 4.9 1.4 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
21.4 10.3 6.9 6.2 4.1 7.6 8.3 4.1 5.5 4.1 7.6 4.8 5.5 0.0 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
15.1 9.2 5.9 10.9 10.1 6.7 5.0 4.2 8.4 5.0 2.5 2.5 3.4 1.7 5.0 0.8 0.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 19.6 3.8 4.8 0.0 10.3 46.2 15.4 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 9.4 0.0 3.1 0.0 10.1 59.1 18.2 0.0 0.0

2009
23.1 3.3 5.1 0.0 6.6 49.7 12.3 0.0 0.0

2010
24.4 3.8 9.8 0.0 7.7 44.4 9.8 0.0 0.0

2011
35.9 0.4 6.5 0.0 5.7 33.5 17.6 0.4 0.0

2009
16.9 0.0 3.5 0.0 10.6 48.6 20.4 0.0 0.0

2010
9.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 9.0 69.7 9.7 0.0 0.0

2011
12.6 0.0 9.2 0.0 7.6 58.0 12.6 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 261

North Dakota

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.5 3.5 594

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.19 99.81 2,142

2009
96.8 3.2 593

2010
98.6 1.4 576

2011
98.6 1.4 703

2009

2010

2011

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 20.1 0.0 58.6 19.3 1.9 834

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
14.9 0.0 64.7 20.2 0.2 658 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
13.0 0.0 65.1 20.7 1.2 836

2010
15.6 4.1 50.7 12.1 17.6 763

2008
12.6 0.0 51.9 34.0 1.5 262

2009
9.7 0.0 56.5 33.1 0.7 269

2010
16.9 2.8 42.8 15.5 22.1 290

2011
11.5
0.0
60.1
28.3
0.0
321

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.2 0.0 60.8 35.5 2.4 332

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 25.0 75.0 0.0 88

2009
0.0 0.0 63.8 35.4 0.8 367

2010
0.6 2.8 56.5 17.1 23.0 356

2011
2.1 0.0 65.6 31.9 0.3 288

2009
15.2 84.8 0.0 92

2010
22.0 78.0 0.0 50

2011
16.1 83.9 0.0 62

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.3 0.0 59.3 30.2 1.2 172

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

6.6 0.0 56.9 34.3 2.2 181 6.3 5.2 48.9 19.0 20.7 174 10.8 0.0 60.8 27.7 0.6 166

2008
85.7 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 7

Asian 2009 2010

60.0 0.0 10.0 30.0 0.0 10 57.1 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 7

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2008
17.1 0.0 62.9 20.0 0.0 35

2009
21.2 0.0 66.7 12.1 0.0 33

2010
21.9 0.0 37.5 25.0 15.6 32

2011
35.0 0.0 55.0 10.0 0.0 20

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
32.1 0.0 60.7 7.1 0.0 56

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

23.7 0.0 66.1 8.5 1.7 59 29.5 4.5 40.9 15.9 9.1 44

2011
23.5 0.0 64.7 11.8 0.0 34

2008
18.6 0.0 59.8 18.6 2.9 483

White 2009 2010

10.9 0.0 69.6 18.4 1.1 467 16.6 2.5 56.3 8.9 15.7 439

2011
14.1 0.0 67.0 18.9 0.0 355

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

2011
0.0 0.0 84.6 15.4 0.0 13

2008
39.5 0.0 50.6 9.9 0.0 81

Two or More Races 2009 2010

22.6 0.0 63.1 14.3 0.0 84 20.4 16.7 33.3 5.6 24.1 54

2011
23.1 0.0 58.5 18.5 0.0 65

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 22.2 11.1 66.7 9

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

NORTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 262

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 61.8 26.2 6.3 1.6 3.9 0.2 489

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
73.2 19.7 4.0 2.2 0.9 0.0 544

2010
76.0 17.6 2.8 1.3 2.1 0.3 387

2011
70.9 21.1 4.5 1.2 2.1 0.2 426 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
76.9 10.8 9.0 3.4 947

2009
74.9 8.1 12.9 4.1 941

2010
72.5 8.9 9.8 8.8 796

2011
75.1 11.9 12.2 0.8 780

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 42.9 22.0 19.6 7.1 8.3 0.0 168

2009
33.9 22.0 19.3 14.7 9.2 0.9 109

2010
22.7 23.5 22.7 22.7 8.4 0.0 119

2011
5.1 27.6 35.7 24.5 7.1 0.0 98

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.9 14.1 0.0 1,124 85.3 14.7 0.0 1,173 84.1 15.9 0.0 996 82.3 17.7 0.0 916

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
54.9 45.1 0.0 488 54.1 45.9 0.0 442 60.9 39.1 0.0 435 51.5 48.5 0.0 404

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.4 61.6 0.0 521 37.1 62.9 0.0 493 40.1 59.9 0.0 454 45.0 55.0 0.0 440

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 9 100.0 0.0 0.0 11 88.9 11.1 0.0 9 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.5 6.7 90.8 0.0 523

2009
1.3 5.9 92.6 0.2 524

2010
0.2 4.3 93.6 1.9 421

2011
1.5 6.3 92.2 0.0 459

NORTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 263

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 93.0 61.5

2009
118.8 73.5

2010
122.0 76.7

2011
114.5 71.5

9.3

8.0

6.6

6.5

40.6 18.6

41.3 13.2

34.4 13.3

40.6 13.0

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 120.9 64.7 17.0 15.3

2009
127.1 56.1 22.0 13.8

2010
108.1 46.6 25.6 18.5

2011
114.3 32.7 29.7 22.0

8.5

5.1

6.8

7.5

50.0

66.1

43.2

43.0

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 124.5 25.5 95.2

2009
132.9 21.0 96.3

2010
131.3 23.8 97.3

2011
138.8 25.7 96.0

29.2

25.0

29.3

22.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 93.9 84.6 54.8 39.6

2009
92.6 83.6 53.8 37.7

2010
96.7 82.9 61.0 40.9

2011
92.5 80.9 52.0 45.3

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

NORTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 264

North Dakota

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Tara Lea Muhlhauser, JD, Director
Children and Family Services Division
Department of Human Services

The following are North Dakotas comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Context Data: In the Child Welfare Summary chart (and again in Section E) we believe that all the data reported in Children Adopted are inaccurate and unreliable due to an error recently discovered in mapping and consequent reporting in this field. Error will be addressed so that reporting is accurate in the next submission (or possible resubmission in 2011). However, even a resubmission will not assist a reader for purposes of like comparison in this field/item. Section 3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care: 3.4 Exits to Emancipation: Emancipation is not an option in ND. Those youth with an exit reason of emancipation would be more accurately described as youth who are living independently.

NORTH DAKOTA | STATE COMMENT | 265

Ohio

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
36,106 3.7 13,672 1,638

2009
34,084 3.2 12,124 1,453

2010
33,947 3.4 11,881 1,438

2011
33,509 3.7 12,088 1,397

2,738,630 2,714,341 2,723,536 2,693,092 0.2 1.6 14.6 <.1 4.3 76.5 2.7 18.5 0.2 1.7 14.5 <.1 4.5 76.2 2.8 21.9 0.2 1.7 14.6 <.1 5.0 74.5 4.0 23.3 0.2 1.8 14.5 <.1 5.1 74.3 4.1 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 34 8,822 25,768 46 12,441 26,832

2009
67 13,123 19,523 61 56,322 92,650

2010
81 14,700 18,110 87 88,946 102,760

2011
87 16,107 18,601 91 103,273 113,261

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 129,952 36,106 74

2008

Rate

Number
119,306 34,084 79

2009

Rate

Number
108,854 33,947 83

2010

Rate

Number
124,778 33,509 67

2011

Rate

47.5 per 1,000 13.2 per 1,000 2.7 per 100,000

44.0 per 1,000 12.6 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

40.0 per 1,000 12.5 per 1,000 3.0 per 100,000

46.3 per 1,000 12.4 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 6.3 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 5.1 5.0 4.1 2.7 0.1 1.0 36,106

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.6 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.0 3.0 0.1 0.7 34,084

2010
11.8 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 3.7 2.8 <.1 0.6 33,947

2011
12.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 3.7 2.8 0.1 0.5 33,509 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 0.2 23.2 <.1 2.6 55.3 0.0 18.5 36,106

2009
<.1 0.1 19.4 <.1 2.7 53.8 0.0 23.8 34,084

2010
<.1 0.1 18.7 <.1 2.6 52.5 0.0 26.0 33,947

2011
<.1 0.1 18.6 <.1 3.0 48.5 3.6 26.1 33,509

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
OHIO | CONTEXT DATA | 266

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 5.5 0.9 46.1 31.6 17.5 0.0 0.0 36,106

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
6.0 1.7 43.7 36.1 17.1 0.0 0.0 33,947

2009
6.0 1.4 43.7 34.4 17.8 0.0 0.0 34,084

2011
6.7 1.5 45.8 36.8 16.2 0.0 0.0 33,509 Mean Median

2008
47.2 >24 but<48

2009
34.5 >24 but<48

2010
27.7 <24

2011
33.3 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 14,340 13.5 13,531 13.5 11,768 14.3 11,672 12.2

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

10,136 N/A 8,668 N/A 9,199 N/A 9,859 N/A

2008
10,804 10.9

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

10,075 11.3 9,086 10.6 9,443 10.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

13,672 13.3 12,124 14.1 11,881 11.9 12,088 11.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 7.4 7.6 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.5 6.3 8.3 9.8 9.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.5 8.0 6.5 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.6 5.7 7.7 9.5 10.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.3 8.0 7.0 5.2 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.8 4.5 5.5 7.2 9.4 10.7 1.4 <.1 0.0 <.1 7.9 8.3 7.2 6.1 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.9 8.3 10.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.7 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.8 4.4 5.9 7.0 7.4 6.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 18.3 7.9 6.2 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.6 4.1 5.6 7.5 7.9 6.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 18.1 7.6 6.5 5.7 5.0 4.1 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.9 4.2 5.3 6.8 7.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 16.9 7.4 6.7 5.7 5.1 4.2 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 4.9 5.4 6.7 7.6 6.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
6.7 8.2 7.7 5.9 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0 4.1 5.1 6.4 9.0 9.3 0.6 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.4 8.9 7.6 5.9 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 6.7 13.3 1.4 0.0 <.1 6.6 8.3 7.8 6.5 5.2 4.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.8 4.2 6.2 10.0 9.6 0.9 0.0 <.1 6.6 8.5 7.9 6.8 5.7 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.4 5.9 12.2 7.5 0.2 0.0 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.5 8.0 6.6 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.7 5.7 7.8 9.6 10.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.3 8.1 7.0 5.3 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.6 5.6 7.2 9.4 10.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.9 8.3 7.1 6.1 5.0 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.2 4.4 5.3 7.2 8.3 10.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.7 8.3 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.5 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.9 5.5 6.9 8.5 9.4 0.4 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.1 39.4 0.0 3.4 51.6 4.4 0.7 0.3 <.1 0.1 38.5 <.1 3.4 51.6 4.7 0.9 0.8 <.1 0.1 38.0 <.1 3.6 51.0 6.1 0.7 0.3 <.1 0.1 36.1 <.1 3.7 51.9 6.0 1.1 1.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.2 35.0 <.1 3.9 52.5 3.8 1.6 2.8 0.1 0.2 34.2 <.1 3.5 52.1 4.4 2.0 3.6 <.1 0.1 32.4 <.1 3.7 51.5 5.6 1.6 5.1 0.1 0.2 30.3 <.1 3.7 48.2 6.2 1.8 9.4

2008
0.1 0.2 36.6 <.1 3.8 52.2 3.5 1.3 2.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.1 35.7 <.1 3.6 52.7 3.9 1.4 2.5 <.1 0.1 35.2 <.1 3.6 50.3 5.7 1.2 3.9 0.1 0.2 32.6 0.0 3.8 52.0 6.1 1.5 3.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.1 38.3 <.1 3.5 51.8 4.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 37.7 <.1 3.3 51.0 5.1 1.3 1.3 <.1 0.1 35.8 <.1 3.7 51.9 6.0 1.1 1.3 <.1 <.1 34.1 <.1 3.6 48.7 6.1 1.4 5.9

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OHIO | CONTEXT DATA | 267

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 3,474 2,989

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
3,376 2,960

2010
3,014 2,688

2011
2,749 2,393 Total children adopted

2008
1,638

2009
1,453

2010
1,438

2011
1,397

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.7 7.9 7.5 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.7 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.4 6.5 7.4 7.3 6.2

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.0 7.4 7.9 6.6 5.1 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.8 4.6 5.7 5.4 6.2 6.9 7.0 6.1

2009
3.6 8.2 8.0 6.4 4.8 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 6.8 6.2 6.0

2011
2.9 6.9 7.5 6.7 5.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.8 3.8 4.7 4.7 5.0 6.1 5.7 7.6 6.3 7.0 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
3.5 12.5 13.8 9.2 8.9 7.0 6.5 5.7 3.5 4.4 4.9 4.3 3.2 2.6 3.4 2.3 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0

2009
3.8 13.1 16.0 10.0 7.8 6.3 5.6 5.3 4.8 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.6 3.5 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.0

2010
3.3 15.0 15.2 11.5 9.3 5.3 5.5 6.6 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.0 2.4 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

2011
3.0 13.4 13.4 11.5 9.0 6.7 5.2 5.0 4.5 5.7 4.7 3.7 3.9 2.6 2.1 1.5 2.7 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 37.8 0.0 3.8 52.3 5.5 0.4 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.1 34.5 0.0 4.2 54.0 5.7 1.3 <.1

2009
0.0 <.1 37.0 0.0 3.3 52.3 6.3 0.7 0.4

2010
0.0 <.1 34.5 0.0 3.7 54.0 6.9 0.8 <.1

2011
0.0 <.1 34.4 <.1 4.1 52.6 6.9 1.0 0.9

2009
<.1 0.0 30.7 0.0 4.8 57.5 6.4 0.5 <.1

2010
0.0 0.0 29.8 0.0 4.9 56.4 8.6 0.3 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 5.9 61.2 8.2 0.8 <.1

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OHIO | CONTEXT DATA | 268

Ohio

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.7 6.3 16,561

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.31 99.69 24,476

2009
92.7 7.3 15,347

2010
93.0 7.0 15,297

2011
92.3 7.7 14,953

2009
0.41 99.59 22,199

2010
0.39 99.61 20,967

2011
0.39 99.61 21,531

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.1 4.1 65.9 13.9 0.9 10,804

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
14.8 3.4 64.8 15.9 1.1 9,443 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
14.4 3.7 64.5 16.1 1.2 10,075

2010
15.8 3.5 64.2 16.2 0.3 9,086

2008
24.8 2.6 42.6 27.9 2.1 613

2009
30.8 3.9 35.0 29.1 1.1 611

2010
22.5 2.0 39.9 35.4 0.2 556

2011

31.1
2.0
34.1
32.4
0.5
646

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.4 3.5 59.4 34.7 1.1 3,246

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 25.2 74.7 <.1 1,330

2009
1.3 3.8 55.3 38.2 1.4 3,192

2010
1.4 3.1 56.2 38.9 0.4 2,772

2011
1.2 2.4 57.3 38.0 1.2 2,867

2009
25.7 74.3 0.0 1,453

2010
27.2 72.8 0.0 1,301

2011
27.9 72.0 <.1 1,377

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 18.2 0.0 54.5 27.3 0.0 11

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

20.0 0.0 40.0 40.0 0.0 5 0.0 14.3 57.1 28.6 0.0 7 0.0 7.1 78.6 14.3 0.0 14

2008
9.1 9.1 81.8 0.0 0.0 22

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 26.7 60.0 13.3 0.0 15 0.0 15.4 76.9 7.7 0.0 13

Black 2011
0.0 9.1 86.4 4.5 0.0 22

2008
14.2 3.9 64.1 16.8 1.0 3,955

2009
12.4 2.8 64.4 19.0 1.4 3,595

2010
13.4 2.8 62.0 21.4 0.5 3,194

2011
10.9 2.9 63.4 21.6 1.3 3,077

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
16.8 3.9 68.1 10.9 0.2 411

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

19.1 3.3 64.6 12.5 0.5 367 21.7 1.5 65.6 11.1 0.0 323

2011
22.7 3.0 63.0 10.2 1.1 362

2008
15.6 4.5 66.1 12.9 0.9 5,643

White 2009 2010

15.7 4.2 63.3 15.6 1.2 5,308 17.7 4.0 63.3 14.9 0.2 4,572

2011
17.4 3.3 63.8 14.6 0.9 4,911

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.2 3.4 74.5 5.5 1.4 145

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

5.1 8.0 82.5 4.4 0.0 137 4.8 7.6 81.9 4.8 1.0 105

2011
8.0 5.8 78.1 6.6 1.5 137

2008
24.5 2.1 61.1 11.6 0.8 380

Two or More Races 2009 2010

23.5 2.5 60.8 12.7 0.5 395 24.1 2.9 61.9 11.1 0.0 515

2011
19.7 4.7 64.4 10.2 1.0 579

2008
0.4 3.8 89.7 4.7 1.3 234

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.4 6.0 88.5 4.0 1.2 252 0.0 4.0 93.2 2.6 0.3 351

2011
0.3 5.6 88.9 2.9 2.3 341

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OHIO | OUTCOMES DATA | 269

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 71.9 21.4 4.5 1.0 1.2 0.0 7,123

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
70.0 23.2 4.6 1.0 1.2 0.0 6,499

2010
73.5 19.7 4.7 1.3 0.9 0.0 5,835

2011
74.5 20.3 3.7 0.8 0.6 0.0 6,123 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
74.5 10.8 13.0 1.8 10,136

2009
75.0 10.8 13.1 1.1 8,668

2010
73.4 10.8 13.2 2.6 9,199

2011
73.5 9.7 13.2 3.6 9,859

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 5.6 26.5 29.2 19.5 19.2 0.0 1,632

2009
6.1 28.1 29.9 17.8 18.1 0.0 1,453

2010
4.6 28.5 32.2 18.6 16.1 0.0 1,436

2011
5.2 25.8 27.6 19.3 22.1 0.0 1,397

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 90.0 9.5 0.4 91.1 8.6 0.3 91.1 8.5 0.4 91.0 8.7 0.3

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
70.7 29.2 <.1 5,465 70.4 29.6 0.0 5,097 72.4 27.6 <.1 4,377 72.2 27.8 0.0 4,778

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

35.3 64.7 0.0 6,672 37.0 63.0 0.0 6,277 37.6 62.4 0.0 5,647 39.7 60.3 0.0 4,998

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

12,339 10,825 10,943 11,755

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.4 1.8 97.8 0.0 6,957

2009
0.4 1.7 97.9 0.0 5,904

2010
0.4 1.9 97.7 0.0 6,452

2011
0.3 1.9 97.8 0.0 6,747

OHIO | OUTCOMES DATA | 270

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 118.7 69.9

2009
121.0 68.5

2010
123.6 71.4

2011
119.3 72.9

7.3

7.9

6.2

6.5

51.4 14.2

50.7 12.3

49.5 13.1

50.2 14.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 102.3 32.0 31.4 22.5

2009
107.2 34.2 30.1 20.6

2010
109.2 33.1 29.8 22.6

2011
103.3 31.0 32.2 25.1

10.3

15.3

12.9

12.4

45.2

45.3

45.0

46.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 117.4 26.3 90.7

2009
112.4 24.4 89.2

2010
114.4 26.1 87.4

2011
123.0 28.4 86.5

42.7

43.5

43.2

35.6

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 103.9 89.6 70.8 35.8

2009
105.0 90.6 70.4 37.5

2010
106.0 90.6 72.5 38.0

2011
106.7 90.4 72.2 40.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

OHIO | OUTCOMES DATA | 271

Oklahoma

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 907,488 9.3 1.5 9.3 <.1 12.6 61.3 5.9 22.6

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
929,314 10.8 1.7 8.3 0.1 14.3 55.9 8.8 24.7

2009
918,849 9.0 1.6 9.3 0.1 13.1 60.8 6.0 22.2

2011
936,159 10.5 1.7 8.3 0.1 14.7 55.5 9.1 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
11,169 6.4 10,592 1,516

2009
7,630 5.1 8,780 1,564

2010
7,728 4.6 7,848 1,628

2011
8,364 5.0 8,262 1,286

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 73 11,336 15,516 99 92,021 92,549

2009
76 10,284 13,589 97 67,925 69,941

2010
82 9,553 11,711 96 72,369 75,396

2011
82 9,298 11,337 96 70,948 74,223

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 62,682 11,169 31

2008

Rate

Number
51,861 7,630 23

2009

Rate

Number
48,895 7,728 27

2010

Rate

Number
50,911 8,364 38

2011

Rate

69.1 per 1,000 12.3 per 1,000 3.4 per 100,000

56.4 per 1,000 8.3 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

52.6 per 1,000 8.3 per 1,000 2.9 per 100,000

54.4 per 1,000 8.9 per 1,000 4.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 18.0 8.8 7.7 7.3 6.7 6.4 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.7 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.6 1.3 <.1 <.1 11,169

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
17.9 8.8 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.6 6.3 5.1 4.5 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.3 1.4 0.0 0.2 7,630

2010
18.6 9.2 8.4 7.5 6.5 6.1 5.3 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.0 1.3 <.1 0.3 7,728

2011
16.3 9.0 8.4 7.5 7.4 6.8 6.1 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.0 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.4 0.0 0.3 8,364 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
8.1 0.2 12.7 <.1 12.7 45.5 20.6 0.2 11,169

2009
6.1 0.3 12.5 <.1 15.0 44.1 21.9 <.1 7,630

2010
7.1 0.2 10.9 <.1 13.8 44.1 23.7 0.0 7,728

2011
7.4 0.2 9.7 <.1 15.1 44.1 23.5 0.0 8,364

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
OKLAHOMA | CONTEXT DATA | 272

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 20.3 2.9 83.4 16.9 6.3 0.0 0.0 11,169

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
17.1 2.1 82.4 14.4 7.2 <.1 0.0 7,728

2009
18.8 2.4 83.4 18.3 7.2 <.1 0.0 7,630

2011
19.2 1.8 72.6 27.8 7.6 <.1 0.0 8,364 Mean Median

2008
95.0 >48 but<72

2009
79.9 >48 but<72

2010
77.9 >48 but<72

2011
79.1 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 11,703 15.6 10,583 16.9 8,731 17.2 7,814 15.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,800 N/A 4,662 N/A 4,259 N/A 4,719 N/A

2008
6,911 16.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6,465 18.7 5,142 19.8 4,271 18.6

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

10,592 16.7 8,780 17.0 7,848 15.1 8,262 13.2

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 7.7 8.8 8.6 8.2 7.5 6.5 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 10.1 8.6 7.7 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.1 5.2 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.1 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 9.4 9.7 7.5 6.8 6.7 6.1 5.4 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 8.9 8.8 7.8 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

20.5 9.7 7.1 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.7 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 1.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.1 9.6 8.0 6.9 6.2 6.2 5.5 4.5 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.2 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.4 9.4 8.5 7.1 6.2 5.5 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.7 1.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 9.3 8.2 7.4 6.9 6.4 5.4 5.1 4.4 4.3 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.3 2.9 2.0 1.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.2 8.0 8.6 8.1 7.9 6.8 6.6 5.3 5.2 4.5 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 4.1 5.9 0.3 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.3 8.8 9.7 8.6 7.8 6.8 6.4 5.8 4.5 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.4 2.7 7.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.7 9.4 10.6 9.5 7.2 6.0 6.0 5.4 4.6 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.6 4.8 5.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 4.4 8.4 9.5 8.7 7.9 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.9 5.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 1.9 6.2 3.6 0.4 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.0 10.2 8.6 7.8 7.6 6.8 6.0 5.1 5.2 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.1 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 9.5 9.6 7.6 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.4 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 8.8 8.8 7.9 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 10.1 8.8 8.0 7.2 6.6 6.4 5.5 5.3 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.7 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 8.9 <.1 16.3 <.1 14.6 38.1 22.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 <.1 17.2 <.1 15.0 36.6 22.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 <.1 17.7 <.1 15.5 35.1 23.2 0.0 0.0 8.4 <.1 15.0 <.1 15.7 35.9 24.8 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.3 0.4 15.6 <.1 14.6 40.2 19.9 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.4 16.1 0.1 15.3 39.3 20.8 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.3 11.4 0.0 13.9 43.1 22.3 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.1 11.2 <.1 15.1 41.2 23.2 <.1 0.0

2008
8.3 0.3 14.7 <.1 14.3 41.6 20.9 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

8.9 0.3 15.9 <.1 15.1 39.2 20.6 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.2 16.4 0.0 14.7 38.8 21.6 0.0 0.0 7.8 0.1 14.4 <.1 16.7 36.9 23.9 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

9.5 <.1 17.0 <.1 14.9 37.0 21.6 0.0 0.0 8.7 <.1 17.6 <.1 15.1 36.1 22.4 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.1 15.2 <.1 15.2 37.0 23.7 0.0 0.0 9.1 <.1 13.2 <.1 14.8 38.4 24.4 <.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OKLAHOMA | CONTEXT DATA | 273

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 3,776 2,547

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
3,438 2,294

2010
2,869 1,919

2011
2,953 1,871 Total children adopted

2008
1,516

2009
1,564

2010
1,628

2011
1,286

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.3 8.8 8.5 7.2 7.9 7.0 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.7 3.8 2.5

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.9 7.5 8.4 7.6 7.5 5.8 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 3.3 1.6

2009
3.2 7.8 9.4 7.1 6.3 7.3 6.7 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.9 5.2 3.3 2.4

2011
4.0 9.4 7.8 7.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.9 5.3 4.0 2.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
0.7 9.2 13.1 12.9 10.0 8.8 8.3 5.5 6.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
1.2 10.8 14.8 11.6 10.2 9.8 7.8 5.8 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.4 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.7 11.2 14.6 12.8 8.5 7.9 7.6 6.3 5.3 3.4 3.7 4.3 2.9 2.4 1.7 2.5 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0

2011
1.6 10.5 13.5 12.6 11.3 7.5 6.5 6.8 4.8 5.3 4.2 4.4 3.0 2.8 2.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 <.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 8.2 0.0 20.2 <.1 15.0 35.3 21.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 10.9 0.0 17.5 0.0 13.7 41.3 16.6 <.1 0.0

2009
7.7 0.0 20.9 0.0 16.4 34.1 20.9 0.0 0.0

2010
7.2 0.1 19.2 0.1 16.9 33.4 23.1 0.0 0.0

2011
7.7 0.1 17.3 0.0 15.0 36.4 23.4 0.0 0.0

2009
12.1 0.0 13.4 0.0 14.3 41.1 19.1 0.0 0.0

2010
9.6 0.0 17.9 0.0 15.9 37.8 18.8 0.0 0.0

2011
9.1 <.1 13.8 0.2 20.5 36.4 20.0 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OKLAHOMA | CONTEXT DATA | 274

Oklahoma

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 91.8 8.2 5,172

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.92 99.08 17,503

2009
94.1 5.9 3,613

2010
94.1 5.9 3,517

2011
93.1 6.9 3,740

2009
0.57 99.43 15,245

2010
0.79 99.21 12,990

2011
0.48 99.52 12,533

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 21.1 6.7 62.4 9.8 0.0 6,911

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
28.7 6.7 52.9 11.7 0.0 4,271 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.1 7.6 59.3 10.0 0.0 6,465

2010
30.5 7.7 51.2 10.7 0.0 5,142

2008
23.2 8.6 40.6 27.6 0.0 909

2009
21.8 8.6 44.6 25.0 0.0 1,107

2010
31.2 7.1 37.8 23.9 0.0 1,165

2011

31.2
8.2
37.4
23.2
0.0
1,026

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 3.1 7.3 55.9 33.8 0.0 1,110

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 32.9 67.1 0.0 502

2009
4.0 8.4 54.5 33.1 0.0 967

2010
6.4 9.6 47.9 36.1 0.0 668

2011
2.9 8.6 47.5 41.0 0.0 547

2009
39.8 60.2 0.0 485

2010
43.7 56.3 0.0 380

2011
38.6 61.4 0.0 324

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 21.5 6.1 55.2 17.2 0.0 571

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

22.0 6.8 51.9 19.3 0.0 576 24.6 7.3 47.3 20.8 0.0 427 24.1 7.5 42.5 25.9 0.0 332

2008
0.0 4.8 90.5 4.8 0.0 21

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 10.0 90.0 0.0 0.0 10

Black 2011
16.7 16.7 66.7 0.0 0.0 6

2008
25.6 4.5 59.5 10.3 0.0 1,016

2009
20.1 7.0 61.4 11.5 0.0 1,027

2010
34.9 8.2 46.2 10.7 0.0 842

2011
28.8 5.5 55.1 10.5 0.0 617

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 20.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 75.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
20.6 6.7 64.3 8.4 0.0 985

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

22.2 7.5 63.1 7.2 0.0 974 33.7 5.0 52.7 8.6 0.0 754

2011
35.2 5.2 49.9 9.7 0.0 713

2008
21.2 7.8 62.3 8.7 0.0 2,873

White 2009 2010

25.0 7.7 59.1 8.2 0.0 2,535 30.7 7.7 53.1 8.5 0.0 1,996

2011
29.1 6.7 55.4 8.9 0.0 1,577

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
18.2 6.5 65.5 9.8 0.0 1,442

Two or More Races 2009 2010

23.2 8.4 57.8 10.6 0.0 1,331 27.1 9.1 51.7 12.1 0.0 1,113

2011
24.9 8.1 53.4 13.6 0.0 1,022

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OKLAHOMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 275

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 54.4 29.8 10.9 3.2 1.6 0.0 4,310

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
47.9 34.3 11.7 4.6 1.6 0.0 3,834

2010
47.1 34.2 11.8 4.7 2.1 0.2 2,632

2011
52.1 31.2 10.3 3.2 2.0 1.2 2,261 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
84.8 6.0 9.0 0.2 5,800

2009
83.1 6.8 9.9 0.2 4,662

2010
84.4 5.6 9.9 <.1 4,259

2011
84.3 5.1 10.5 <.1 4,719

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.1 21.7 33.7 22.6 19.8 0.0 1,457

2009
2.3 24.1 31.9 22.2 19.5 0.0 1,492

2010
3.6 24.6 30.6 21.7 19.5 0.0 1,567

2011
3.7 24.1 29.0 19.1 24.2 0.0 1,226

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 73.3 25.6 1.1 6,611 73.7 25.4 0.9 5,408 72.1 27.8 <.1 4,857 73.8 26.0 0.2 5,188

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
48.1 51.8 0.1 4,767 47.2 52.8 0.0 4,088 47.2 52.7 0.1 3,336 47.6 52.4 0.0 3,338

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

26.2 73.8 <.1 6,120 25.3 74.6 <.1 5,741 22.8 77.2 0.0 4,781 21.8 78.2 0.0 3,973

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 5 100.0 0.0 0.0 8 87.5 0.0 12.5 16 91.2 0.0 8.8 34

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 15.0 2.7 82.3 0.0 4,824

2009
14.3 2.2 83.4 0.0 3,924

2010
8.0 2.3 89.7 0.0 3,667

2011
8.5 2.3 89.2 0.0 4,064

OKLAHOMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 276

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 114.7 61.3

2009
109.0 54.8

2010
112.4 57.1

2011
115.2 63.8

9.2

10.7

10.2

8.4

33.3 8.2

34.6 8.3

30.8 6.3

27.9 7.5

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 103.9 23.8 33.3 24.5

2009
106.3 26.4 32.2 26.7

2010
124.1 28.1 32.5 30.4

2011
124.0 27.7 33.0 28.8

18.6

16.3

23.0

21.9

40.2

42.2

47.9

50.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 113.0 34.4 87.3

2009
109.6 36.3 86.3

2010
111.0 38.4 88.2

2011
110.6 35.6 87.0

55.9

61.2

64.6

59.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 73.8 68.9 48.1 26.2

2009
73.7 69.6 47.2 25.5

2010
72.8 69.5 47.2 22.8

2011
74.6 71.7 47.6 21.9

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

OKLAHOMA | OUTCOMES DATA | 277

Oregon

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 870,586 1.3 3.7 2.4 0.3 19.2 68.8 4.2 18.1

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
865,169 1.3 3.7 2.1 0.5 20.9 66.2 5.4 21.6

2009
872,811 1.3 3.8 2.5 0.3 19.8 68.0 4.3 19.2

2011
863,767 1.3 3.7 2.1 0.5 21.3 65.5 5.6 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
11,042 5.2 9,058 1,050

2009
11,802 5.3 8,689 1,101

2010
11,734 5.6 9,012 780

2011
12,214 5.0 9,230 637

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 39 4,820 12,425 69 21,623 31,217

2009
44 5,212 11,857 64 20,443 31,820

2010
47 5,448 11,708 68 23,471 34,641

2011
37 3,643 9,881 27 6,377 23,196

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 43,703 11,042 14

2008

Rate

Number
46,592 11,802 13

2009

Rate

Number
46,478 11,734 22

2010

Rate

Number
52,597 12,214 19

2011

Rate

50.2 per 1,000 12.7 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

53.4 per 1,000 13.5 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

53.7 per 1,000 13.6 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

60.9 per 1,000 14.1 per 1,000 2.2 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.5 8.1 7.3 7.1 6.5 6.4 5.7 5.9 5.2 5.7 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.6 2.9 1.9 <.1 0.0 11,042

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.2 7.8 8.2 7.0 6.9 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.7 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.1 1.9 <.1 0.2 11,802

2010
12.1 8.0 7.7 7.5 6.5 6.4 5.7 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.8 2.8 2.1 <.1 0.2 11,734

2011
12.0 8.1 7.8 7.2 7.2 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.3 1.9 <.1 0.3 12,214 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
3.3 0.9 4.8 0.3 15.2 55.1 0.0 16.4 11,042

2009
2.5 0.8 4.8 0.2 16.6 54.7 0.0 20.3 11,802

2010
2.1 0.9 4.3 0.4 15.3 56.6 0.0 20.5 11,734

2011
8.0 1.1 6.9 0.7 16.7 73.3 0.0 18.2 12,214

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
OREGON | CONTEXT DATA | 278

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 2.1 1.7 36.9 9.2 9.8 0.0 56.9 11,042

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
2.0 1.7 37.4 7.8 8.5 0.0 60.2 11,734

2009
1.8 2.1 36.9 8.5 8.5 0.0 60.5 11,802

2011
1.5 1.6 38.8 8.0 7.4 0.0 59.6 12,214 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 9,408 18.6 8,827 18.2 8,459 15.4 8,814 15.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4,557 N/A 4,607 N/A 4,816 N/A 4,344 N/A

2008
4,907 16.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4,745 16.6 4,263 15.3 3,929 13.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

9,058 18.1 8,689 15.4 9,012 14.9 9,230 16.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.9 7.9 7.7 6.9 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.2 2.6 1.1 0.4 0.0 5.9 7.7 7.6 6.3 6.1 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.5 3.8 4.3 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.4 3.0 1.4 0.6 0.0 5.4 7.7 7.1 6.8 5.7 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.6 4.7 5.4 5.9 5.3 3.3 1.6 0.9 0.0 5.3 7.4 7.9 7.0 6.7 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.8 2.9 1.7 0.8 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

18.6 8.9 7.3 6.3 6.0 5.8 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.7 3.8 4.2 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 16.7 9.1 8.1 6.7 7.0 4.8 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 2.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 16.2 9.0 8.6 7.8 6.9 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.0 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.5 3.5 3.1 1.5 <.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 16.9 8.7 7.2 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.4 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.4 2.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 <.1

2008
3.8 8.0 9.3 8.5 7.4 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.1 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 2.8 4.9 1.8 0.8 0.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.1 8.4 9.4 8.7 7.7 6.0 5.9 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 5.1 1.6 0.9 0.4 3.7 8.0 9.3 8.3 7.4 6.9 5.1 4.9 5.3 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 5.5 2.1 1.7 0.4 3.7 7.3 9.1 8.5 8.2 6.6 6.0 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.5 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.6 4.9 2.4 1.7 0.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.0 7.8 7.6 6.3 6.1 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.3 4.3 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.3 3.0 1.4 0.5 0.1 5.4 7.8 7.1 6.7 5.8 5.4 4.6 4.8 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.6 4.7 5.4 5.8 5.3 3.2 1.7 0.9 <.1 5.4 7.4 7.8 6.8 6.6 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.9 2.8 1.7 0.9 <.1 5.0 7.1 7.5 7.0 6.0 5.8 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.4 5.2 3.2 1.7 1.1 0.2

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 2.2 0.2 1.1 0.2 8.0 60.1 18.8 9.4 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 10.6 57.8 21.8 7.3 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.2 13.4 57.6 23.8 3.4 0.0 2.9 0.5 4.5 0.3 13.6 58.5 16.1 3.7 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.4 0.3 1.1 0.5 13.6 54.7 14.7 13.7 0.0 1.5 0.3 1.2 0.3 15.0 53.0 17.3 11.4 0.0 1.3 0.2 1.1 0.4 14.0 59.5 15.8 7.7 0.0 3.8 0.7 3.8 0.5 15.2 55.6 11.9 8.5 0.0

2008
2.1 0.3 1.1 0.4 10.7 59.2 14.6 11.6 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1.6 0.2 0.9 0.3 12.4 57.2 17.0 10.3 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 15.8 57.9 19.0 5.3 0.0 2.2 0.6 2.7 0.3 16.2 56.8 16.3 4.9 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.9 0.2 1.1 0.2 9.3 57.9 19.0 10.3 0.0 1.3 0.3 0.9 0.3 12.0 55.5 22.1 7.7 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 12.6 58.4 21.7 4.8 0.0 3.7 0.5 4.9 0.4 13.2 57.8 14.0 5.4 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OREGON | CONTEXT DATA | 279

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 2,218 1,461

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,845 1,241

2010
1,828 1,070

2011
1,778 699 Total children adopted

2008
1,050

2009
1,101

2010
780

2011
637

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.8 8.2 11.5 9.4 8.7 8.3 7.0 6.2 6.2 5.0 5.6 3.8 4.1 3.5 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.3

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.9 8.9 11.0 9.5 8.5 7.3 7.6 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.6 3.7 3.7 3.0 2.2 2.4

2009
2.4 8.9 10.6 9.9 7.8 7.7 6.9 6.7 6.2 4.9 4.6 5.1 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.2 3.1 3.0

2011
1.3 6.9 11.8 9.9 9.0 8.3 7.1 6.8 6.6 5.2 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.3 3.1 2.9 2.3 1.8 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
<.1 7.4 14.9 13.0 10.9 10.5 8.5 7.1 6.1 5.6 3.7 3.9 2.8 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0

2009
0.3 8.4 14.1 13.2 11.8 8.4 8.4 6.1 6.6 5.5 4.4 3.2 3.4 1.8 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
0.3 9.6 15.0 15.3 10.3 9.6 7.9 4.9 7.6 5.3 4.0 3.3 3.1 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 7.7 17.0 13.3 11.6 10.0 8.9 6.3 5.3 4.9 5.0 3.5 2.5 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.9 0.3 1.0 <.1 8.1 58.8 18.6 11.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.3 3.5 0.0 19.3 69.7 7.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.7 <.1 0.7 0.0 12.6 56.3 22.6 7.1 0.0

2010
0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 13.5 59.4 22.8 2.8 0.0

2011
1.1 0.2 4.1 0.6 14.5 59.0 17.2 3.3 0.0

2009
<.1 0.3 4.4 0.3 20.4 67.2 7.4 0.0 0.0

2010
0.3 0.1 3.7 0.0 21.0 65.9 9.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.5 0.3 3.6 0.2 16.8 63.4 14.1 1.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

OREGON | CONTEXT DATA | 280

Oregon

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.7 6.3 5,117

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.59 99.41 13,965

2009
93.5 6.5 5,681

2010
95.8 4.2 5,626

2011
95.1 4.9 5,618

2009
0.41 99.59 13,434

2010
0.48 99.52 13,275

2011
0.59 99.41 13,158

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 21.5 6.5 60.6 9.3 2.0 4,907

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
15.2 5.6 68.3 10.5 0.3 3,929 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.2 6.1 59.0 9.4 2.3 4,745

2010
18.4 4.7 64.0 10.8 2.1 4,263

2008
26.3 5.4 45.4 19.9 3.0 1,057

2009
29.2 5.4 41.1 20.4 4.0 1,025

2010
23.5 5.8 42.4 24.5 3.8 1,003

2011

34.2
7.5
35.3
22.7
0.3
705

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.4 5.3 55.6 33.0 4.7 719

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 47.6 52.4 0.0 294

2009
1.3 5.0 52.5 35.3 5.9 706

2010
0.7 3.0 55.1 35.9 5.4 728

2011
0.3 5.4 51.7 41.4 1.2 671

2009
43.1 56.9 0.0 255

2010
49.6 50.4 0.0 240

2011
28.5 71.1 0.4 235

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 32.7 18.8 34.7 11.9 2.0 101

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

26.9 15.4 52.6 3.8 1.3 78 2.3 14.0 79.1 2.3 2.3 43 2.3 14.8 72.7 10.2 0.0 88

2008
35.7 0.0 42.9 14.3 7.1 14

Asian 2009 2010

50.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 10.0 10 0.0 0.0 85.7 0.0 14.3 7

Black 2011
8.7 4.3 78.3 8.7 0.0 23

2008
50.9 7.3 29.1 3.6 9.1 55

2009
21.4 0.0 64.3 7.1 7.1 42

2010
10.0 0.0 73.3 16.7 0.0 30

2011
9.3 4.7 67.3 18.7 0.0 107

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.5 0.0 76.2 4.8 9.5 21 8.3 8.3 50.0 25.0 8.3 12 0.0 14.3 57.1 14.3 14.3 7 10.0 0.0 80.0 10.0 0.0 10

2008
10.2 6.6 76.3 5.3 1.5 527

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

15.6 2.5 74.9 5.1 1.9 589 17.7 5.0 69.6 5.5 2.2 674

2011
15.6 6.3 71.7 6.0 0.5 635

2008
22.5 6.5 58.6 10.5 1.9 2,904

White 2009 2010

23.9 6.1 57.4 10.3 2.3 2,716 18.0 4.7 63.7 11.5 2.1 2,468

2011
15.9 4.6 67.3 11.9 0.4 2,233

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 27.7 6.1 58.8 5.6 1.8 570

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

29.3 5.3 53.8 8.6 3.1 491 18.3 0.4 65.6 13.8 1.8 224

2011
6.3 2.6 80.6 10.5 0.0 191

2008
17.2 5.5 64.5 10.6 2.2 715

Two or More Races 2009 2010

22.1 8.8 56.9 10.4 1.9 807 21.7 5.4 58.8 12.2 1.9 810

2011
18.5 8.4 64.0 8.7 0.3 642

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 58.5 29.0 8.1 2.3 2.2 0.0 2,974

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
59.4 28.1 7.4 2.0 3.1 0.0 2,800

2010
57.8 31.3 7.0 1.6 2.3 0.0 2,730

2011
60.8 28.7 6.9 1.4 2.2 0.0 2,684 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
80.9 8.1 11.0 0.0 4,557

2009
80.5 7.9 11.6 0.0 4,607

2010
79.8 8.2 12.0 0.0 4,816

2011
75.3 11.5 12.5 0.8 4,344

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.5 14.8 33.8 31.9 19.0 0.0 1,055

2009
1.2 16.7 33.6 25.6 23.0 0.0 1,099

2010
1.0 20.8 35.8 23.2 19.2 0.0 785

2011
0.8 18.4 34.4 23.2 23.2 0.0 599

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 84.4 15.6 0.0 5,452 87.4 12.6 0.0 5,477 88.0 12.0 0.0 5,636 53.0 47.0 0.0 5,247

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
62.4 37.6 0.0 3,066 63.6 36.4 0.0 3,062 68.1 31.9 0.0 3,190 35.6 64.4 0.0 3,419

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

36.0 64.0 0.0 5,438 33.4 66.6 0.0 4,874 32.8 67.2 0.0 4,418 17.8 82.2 0.0 4,472

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 9 100.0 0.0 0.0 21 100.0 0.0 0.0 31 100.0 0.0 0.0 20

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.2 3.3 96.4 0.1 3,743

2009
<.1 0.9 99.0 <.1 3,772

2010
<.1 0.9 99.0 <.1 4,000

2011
<.1 1.0 99.0 0.0 3,500

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 121.4 68.7

2009
125.0 71.4

2010
116.8 70.6

2011
130.8 77.5

7.3

6.9

6.9

4.3

45.2 11.9

43.5 10.2

42.9 13.0

39.8 11.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 96.8 15.3 36.2 22.7

2009
109.1 17.8 35.5 26.2

2010
97.9 21.8 33.0 20.7

2011
83.2 19.2 34.5 16.7

11.5

12.3

8.7

6.8

55.2

61.0

56.1

49.1

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 108.3 29.2 98.2

2009
113.2 32.2 98.9

2010
108.5 25.3 97.9

2011
106.6 23.3 98.3

66.5

63.8

59.6

59.3

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 96.0 83.5 62.4 36.7

2009
98.1 86.8 63.8 34.0

2010
100.7 87.4 68.2 33.9

2011
52.7 51.2 35.5 17.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

OREGON | OUTCOMES DATA | 283

Oregon

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Lois Day, Director
Office of Child Welfare Program
Department of Human Services

The following are Oregons comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Oregon fully implemented its new State Automated Child Welfare Information System (SACWIS) in late August 2011. While Oregon successfully submitted both AFCARS and NCANDS files within months of system start using its new SACWIS system, Oregon realized there were significant data conversion issues affecting the AFCARS files. The AFCARS files undercount discharges and over-represent entries to care, impacting all related counts and measures. Therefore, readers are strongly cautioned to not use the 2011 foster care-related data reported in sections C, D and E or the Outcomes data items 2 7 that are calculated from the AFCARS Foster Care and AFCARS Adoption files. Oregons NCANDS data is accurate and reliable. For FFY 2011 Oregon submitted the Summary Data File (SDC), Agency file, and Child file (Victims Only). Starting with FFY 2012, Oregon will be able to submit a fully compliant Child File instead of the Summary Data (SDC) file, allowing for more complete reporting in the Outcomes report. The following data notes are important to understand when interpreting Oregons NCANDS data: The number of children subjects of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment is an estimate. The Oregon legacy system did not collect data at the child level on non-victims. Oregons maltreatment type threat of harm is captured in the category of Other. Victims by Race/Ethnicity show a large increase in Native Americans. This change is due to reporting according to the Summary Data instructions where a child victim is being counted and reported separately for all categories that apply. Additionally, there are data conversion issues that impacted race data in the new SACWIS system. In Oregon, all reports of child abuse/neglect that are referred for investigation are assigned a response time. There are two types of response times in Oregon within 24 hours and within 5 days. As reported to NCANDS via the SDC file, the mean time to investigate for all investigations is: 2008: 89.5 hours; 2009: 100.5 hours; 2010: 99.3 hours. Oregon was unable to report the average time to investigation starting in the FFY 2011 SDC file due to data conversion issues.

Oregon is committed to providing the most accurate data possible through AFCARS and NCANDS transmissions. Oregon has been diligently fixing the data conversion issues related to AFCARS and will be resubmitting the 2011B AFCARS file. Oregon anticipates that the resubmitted data will have a significant impact on the basic counts and related foster care outcomes compared to the currently shown 2011 data.

OREGON | STATE COMMENT | 284

Pennsylvania

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
4,055 4.4 19,380 2,090

2009
4,084 3.8 16,618 2,243

2010
3,706 3.6 15,211 2,365

2011
3,388 3.6 14,737 2,013

2,795,791 2,775,132 2,789,150 2,761,159 0.2 2.8 13.2 <.1 8.3 73.3 2.3 16.8 0.2 2.9 13.1 <.1 8.7 72.8 2.3 17.1 0.1 3.0 13.1 <.1 9.4 71.1 3.2 19.1 0.1 3.1 13.0 <.1 9.7 70.7 3.3 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 81 307 381 97 2,401 2,473

2009
92 350 380 97 2,553 2,625

2010
92 347 379 99 2,646 2,660

2011
96 363 377 99 2,770 2,798

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 25,051 4,055 45

2008

Rate
9.0 per 1,000 1.5 per 1,000

Number
25,839 4,084 40

2009

Rate
9.3 per 1,000 1.5 per 1,000

Number
24,840 3,706 29

2010

Rate
8.9 per 1,000 1.3 per 1,000

Number
23,937 3,388 37

2011

Rate
8.7 per 1,000 1.2 per 1,000

1.6 per 100,000

1.4 per 100,000

1.0 per 100,000

1.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 5.7 3.9 3.4 4.1 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.3 4.8 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.4 7.4 7.8 8.3 7.2 5.5 1.8 0.0 4,055

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
6.7 4.1 3.7 3.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.2 6.7 7.3 8.5 7.7 5.6 2.3 0.0 4,084

2010
6.5 3.0 3.6 4.0 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.6 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.5 7.4 9.4 6.6 5.5 2.1 <.1 3,706

2011
3.7 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.8 5.4 6.8 7.6 8.4 7.2 5.3 2.2 2.9 3,388 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
4,055

2009
4,084

2010
3,706

2011


3,388

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
PENNSYLVANIA | CONTEXT DATA | 285

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.2 3.1 3.9 31.5 61.7 0.0 0.0 4,055

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.1 2.6 2.7 31.8 62.8 0.0 0.0 3,706

2009
1.0 2.7 3.7 32.6 61.5 0.0 0.0 4,084

2011
0.8 2.2 3.4 31.2 63.3 0.0 0.0 3,388 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 19,693 14.7 18,039 15.6 15,823 15.5 14,077 14.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

12,421 N/A 10,660 N/A 9,908 N/A 9,932 N/A

2008
12,734 11.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

12,081 12.7 10,520 13.5 9,272 12.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

19,380 15.6 16,618 15.5 15,211 14.3 14,737 13.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.0 6.2 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 5.0 6.4 8.0 10.1 9.5 3.4 1.6 1.0 <.1 4.9 6.5 5.9 5.2 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.1 6.2 8.2 9.3 9.9 3.8 1.6 1.0 <.1 4.7 6.9 6.2 5.1 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 4.0 5.3 7.5 10.0 10.0 4.7 2.1 1.2 0.0 5.2 6.8 6.5 5.4 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.8 8.8 10.5 4.6 2.8 1.5 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.0 5.1 4.4 3.5 3.4 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.6 5.4 8.1 11.9 12.5 9.2 0.8 0.1 <.1 0.0 13.3 5.5 4.9 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.1 5.1 7.6 11.3 12.6 9.5 1.1 0.1 <.1 0.0 13.3 5.6 5.0 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.2 4.8 7.4 10.7 12.4 9.2 1.0 0.2 <.1 0.0 13.2 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.0 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.4 5.0 7.5 10.4 12.1 8.7 1.2 0.3 <.1 0.0

2008
3.9 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.5 5.8 8.5 11.1 12.5 8.0 1.5 1.5 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.6 5.3 6.3 5.0 4.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.5 5.3 7.7 10.3 10.4 9.0 1.6 1.5 0.4 3.5 5.7 6.7 5.5 4.7 4.4 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.6 4.8 6.5 9.9 10.9 8.1 1.8 2.1 0.1 3.6 6.2 6.6 5.7 5.3 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.7 4.9 6.7 8.4 10.2 7.1 2.1 2.6 0.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.6 6.4 5.8 5.1 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.2 6.2 8.4 9.6 9.9 4.6 1.7 1.0 <.1 4.7 6.6 6.0 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 4.1 5.5 7.7 10.4 9.9 5.3 2.2 1.1 <.1 5.0 6.4 6.1 5.1 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.8 5.1 7.3 9.4 11.1 5.6 2.9 1.5 <.1 5.1 6.7 6.0 5.3 4.7 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.1 4.1 5.4 6.9 9.6 10.3 6.3 2.9 1.8 0.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.4 46.0 0.0 9.0 40.2 0.6 3.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 44.4 0.0 10.2 41.1 0.7 3.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 45.1 <.1 10.8 40.2 0.9 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 44.4 <.1 11.5 40.5 1.8 1.2 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.5 40.1 0.0 10.3 44.4 0.5 4.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 40.4 0.0 10.4 43.1 0.7 4.7 0.0 0.1 0.7 42.3 <.1 12.0 41.5 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 40.7 <.1 12.2 43.3 1.7 1.1 0.0

2008
0.1 0.5 42.0 0.0 9.1 44.7 0.5 3.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.5 40.5 0.0 10.4 44.9 0.8 2.8 0.0 0.2 0.6 41.4 <.1 11.2 43.5 0.9 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 39.8 <.1 12.0 44.6 1.6 1.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.4 44.8 0.0 9.7 39.9 0.6 4.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 44.6 0.0 10.1 39.7 0.6 4.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 45.9 <.1 11.2 38.7 1.2 2.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 44.8 <.1 11.7 39.8 1.9 1.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

PENNSYLVANIA | CONTEXT DATA | 286

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 3,121 1,709

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
2,963 1,634

2010
2,460 1,461

2011
2,102 1,311 Total children adopted

2008
2,090

2009
2,243

2010
2,365

2011
2,013

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.8 7.5 10.1 9.3 7.4 7.2 6.0 6.7 5.0 5.8 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.8 3.4 3.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.8 7.7 10.4 8.5 8.3 7.4 6.1 6.2 5.7 4.9 4.5 5.1 3.9 4.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 3.5

2009
2.0 9.0 9.6 8.6 8.2 7.5 6.7 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.2 3.9 4.5 3.7 3.7 4.7 3.9 2.5

2011
1.8 8.7 10.2 8.6 7.8 7.0 5.6 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.0 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.4 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.3 10.6 14.2 11.8 9.8 8.5 7.1 6.8 5.0 4.2 4.5 3.5 3.7 2.3 2.6 1.7 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
1.4 10.2 15.2 12.2 9.8 9.1 6.6 7.3 5.9 4.4 4.0 3.1 3.1 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.2 <.1 0.0

2010
0.9 11.3 14.4 12.7 9.5 8.5 7.1 6.0 6.0 4.7 4.5 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.0 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 <.1

2011
1.2 12.1 15.3 11.5 10.2 8.5 7.2 6.2 4.9 5.5 3.6 3.4 2.7 2.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.2 43.4 0.0 10.2 41.5 1.1 3.4 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.3 39.0 0.0 9.2 49.3 1.1 1.0 0.0

2009
0.3 <.1 39.8 0.0 11.2 42.1 1.1 5.6 0.0

2010
0.2 0.2 38.7 <.1 11.4 45.1 0.9 3.5 0.0

2011
0.1 0.2 36.9 0.0 13.3 45.2 2.6 1.7 0.0

2009
0.1 0.5 38.7 0.0 10.4 47.8 1.8 0.6 0.0

2010
0.3 <.1 40.6 0.0 13.3 44.1 1.4 0.3 0.0

2011
0.0 0.2 40.1 <.1 12.6 45.2 1.6 0.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

PENNSYLVANIA | CONTEXT DATA | 287

Pennsylvania

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.6 2.4 1,912

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.21 99.79 32,114

2009
97.4 2.6 1,919

2010
97.4 2.6 1,750

2011
98.0 2.0 1,621

2009
0.19 99.81 29,362

2010
0.13 99.87 26,101

2011
<.1 99.93 24,151

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.3 6.6 60.7 16.4 <.1 12,734

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
21.6 6.9 58.8 12.7 <.1 9,272 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
18.3 8.3 58.4 15.0 <.1 12,081

2010
22.1 8.6 55.8 13.4 <.1 10,520

2008
17.2 4.5 54.7 23.6 0.0 2,528

2009
21.4 4.6 51.6 22.4 0.0 2,351

2010
24.2 4.5 50.8 20.5 0.0 2,118

2011

21.7
4.6
52.0
21.7
<.1
1,690

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.5 2.8 68.7 28.0 <.1 5,743

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 25.0 75.0 0.0 1,003

2009
0.7 3.7 67.6 27.9 0.0 5,101

2010
0.8 4.2 68.9 26.0 <.1 4,319

2011
1.2 3.9 68.8 26.0 <.1 3,615

2009
23.3 76.7 0.0 941

2010
18.6 81.4 0.0 878

2011
17.7 82.3 0.0 854

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.8 10.5 52.6 21.1 0.0 19

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

15.8 0.0 78.9 5.3 0.0 19 30.4 4.3 47.8 17.4 0.0 23 0.0 6.7 80.0 13.3 0.0 15

2008
10.8 4.6 55.4 29.2 0.0 65

Asian 2009 2010

16.9 1.7 59.3 22.0 0.0 59 0.0 10.3 82.8 5.2 1.7 58

Black 2011
8.3 6.7 78.3 6.7 0.0 60

2008
14.7 8.2 55.7 21.4 <.1 5,351

2009
17.0 10.5 53.0 19.5 <.1 4,892

2010
20.3 10.7 52.9 16.1 <.1 4,360

2011
21.4 8.3 55.7 14.5 <.1 3,693

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

2008
15.9 2.9 64.8 16.4 0.0 1,158

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

18.0 4.8 62.0 15.0 0.2 1,259 25.1 6.2 57.5 11.3 0.0 1,181

2011
21.4 5.5 61.2 11.8 <.1 1,117

2008
18.2 5.5 64.3 12.0 0.0 5,693

White 2009 2010

19.6 6.8 62.4 11.1 0.0 5,422 22.9 7.5 57.7 11.9 0.0 4,575

2011
22.2 5.8 60.4 11.6 <.1 4,131

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 7.8 10.4 67.7 14.1 0.0 384

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

8.9 17.5 59.3 14.2 0.0 337 24.1 7.9 61.4 6.6 0.0 228

2011
15.9 15.9 56.1 12.1 0.0 107

2008
35.9 4.7 54.7 4.7 0.0 64

Two or More Races 2009 2010

41.9 0.0 51.6 6.5 0.0 93 37.6 2.2 50.5 9.7 0.0 93

2011
24.5 8.8 61.9 4.8 0.0 147

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 70.7 19.1 5.9 1.9 2.3 0.1 7,728

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
69.2 20.0 6.2 2.1 2.4 0.1 7,055

2010
70.8 19.6 5.3 2.2 1.9 0.2 5,874

2011
72.4 17.7 5.2 1.8 2.5 0.5 5,448 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
68.0 22.4 9.6 0.0 12,421

2009
67.1 23.3 9.6 <.1 10,660

2010
66.8 23.3 9.9 <.1 9,908

2011
70.6 20.1 9.2 <.1 9,932

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.6 25.0 31.4 21.0 19.0 0.0 2,073

2009
3.5 22.2 36.1 20.3 17.8 0.0 2,205

2010
2.9 27.5 32.0 21.8 15.8 0.0 2,327

2011
4.0 29.4 33.1 18.0 15.5 0.0 2,005

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 87.0 13.0 0.0 86.9 13.1 0.0 86.3 13.7 <.1 86.1 13.9 <.1

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
68.1 31.9 0.0 7,483 64.3 35.7 0.0 6,540 64.9 35.1 <.1 5,889 66.1 33.9 <.1 5,554

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

42.8 57.2 0.0 10,173 42.5 57.5 0.0 9,462 40.5 59.5 0.0 8,277 38.6 61.4 0.0 7,088

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 65 100.0 0.0 0.0 42 100.0 0.0 0.0 41 98.3 1.7 0.0 59

14,393 12,655 11,524 11,308

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.9 2.6 94.6 0.0 6,404

2009
2.3 1.8 95.9 0.0 5,581

2010
1.9 1.8 96.4 0.0 5,326

2011
2.6 2.1 95.4 0.0 5,400

PENNSYLVANIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 289

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 88.6 69.0

2009
97.6 67.5

2010
89.6 69.4

2011
89.4 70.8

6.9

7.6

7.4

6.3

43.4 27.6

31.7 20.3

46.3 25.8

42.2 27.8

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 108.2 28.6 31.4 22.9

2009
108.5 25.7 31.6 26.9

2010
134.7 30.4 30.9 30.7

2011
132.4 33.5 29.7 31.1

9.8

12.1

14.5

11.5

65.2

49.8

73.9

68.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 136.2 32.4 97.4

2009
143.3 36.5 97.6

2010
148.5 39.5 98.7

2011
145.3 37.6 98.2

34.2

30.7

28.4

29.3

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 103.1 85.9 68.1 44.4

2009
101.5 85.9 64.3 44.2

2010
100.7 85.4 64.9 42.1

2011
100.3 85.0 66.2 40.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

PENNSYLVANIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 290

Pennsylvania

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Beverly D. Mackereth, Deputy Secretary
Department of Public Welfare

The following are Pennsylvanias comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Section B (Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims) Data on the race/ethnicity of child maltreatment victims is not available because Pennsylvanias Child Protective Services Law prohibits the collection of this information. Section B (Time to Investigation) Although response time is not reported at the State level, Pennsylvanias Child Protective Services Law mandates that upon receipt of a report of suspected child abuse, the investigating agency shall immediately commence an appropriate investigation and see the child immediately if emergency protective custody is required or has been taken, or if it cannot be determined from the report whether emergency protective custody is needed, the agency must see the child within 24 hours of the receipt of the report. The county agency, which is responsible for the investigation, documents all contacts with the alleged victim. OCYF and the County Children and Youth Agencies (CCYAs) have established a locally-driven continuous quality improvement process called the Quality Service Review (QSR). The QSR process is based on our practice model and standards which define quality practice. The evaluative process is driven by both internal and external quality reviews. Implementation is individualized for each county in collaboration with the regional OCYF staff and technical assistance providers/collaborators that support the county. This measure is included in that review process and CCYAs are able to identify strengths and needs and resulting action steps for necessary improvements. Additionally, as part of the States licensing of CCYAs, timely response to reports is an area reviewed for compliance with applicable law. Outcome Measure C.1.4 Pennsylvania has identified composite measure C.1.4, foster care reentry, as an area needing improvement. As part of our yearly Needs-Based Plan and Budget (NBPB) process, CCYAs are provided with county-specific data packages. These include information in regard to population flow, reunification, adoption, permanency and reentry. Each indicator is described along with a brief outline of the breakdowns and data sources. A series of questions are posed to assist CCYAs in connecting the information to their planning efforts. As part of our Program Improvement Plan (PIP), we have developed a guide for CCYAs to use to explore their reentry data. This guide includes CFSR measure 1.4 county-specific data, a detailed description of how the measure is calculated, and a template and instructions for how the counties can do a reentry self assessment. The CCYAs must validate this information and address their own county-specific issues in their NBPB. This will help identify CCYAs that have a legitimate reentry problem. State OCYF central office and regional office staff will review the feedback received from the CCYASs, and work with them to develop plans with specific action steps for addressing the systemic concerns identified, prioritizing those that will result in the highest return of investment.

PENNSYLVANIA | STATE COMMENT | 291

Puerto Rico

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 981,918 56.4

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
897,920 56.3

2009
963,847 57.1

2011
876,494 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
14,109 1.9 6,515 152

2009
11,891 1.2 5,748 202

2010
11,723 0.9 5,376 116

2011
11,186 0.9 4,938 48

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 50 43,685 86,664 50

2009
18 1,072 5,809 76 7,251 9,501

2010
28 1,570 5,627 70 7,803 11,184

2011
16 932 5,978 79 4,487 5,695

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 35,899 14,109 2

2008

Rate

Number
40,712 11,891 5

2009

Rate

Number
32,490 11,723 8

2010

Rate

Number
31,976 11,186 18

2011

Rate

36.6 per 1,000 14.4 per 1,000 0.2 per 100,000

42.2 per 1,000 12.3 per 1,000 0.5 per 100,000

36.2 per 1,000 13.1 per 1,000 0.9 per 100,000

36.5 per 1,000 12.8 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 3.6 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.2 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.3 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.2 3.8 1.5 0.2 14,109

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
2.2 4.6 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.0 1.5 <.1 11,891

2010
2.7 5.5 6.8 6.4 6.1 6.4 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.5 4.9 5.2 6.0 5.7 6.1 5.0 3.8 1.0 <.1 11,723

2011
2.7 5.8 7.1 6.6 5.8 5.9 6.1 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 6.1 6.1 5.3 3.9 1.2 0.2 11,186 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,109

2009
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,891

2010
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,723

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,186

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
PUERTO RICO | CONTEXT DATA | 292

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 34.1 5.6 61.7 20.3 4.5 14.1 1.3 14,109

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
36.8 5.3 52.4 23.1 2.1 17.8 0.2 11,723

2009
36.3 5.9 59.6 20.0 2.1 14.8 0.3 11,891

2011
37.8 4.7 56.6 20.7 2.4 13.3 0.5 11,186 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 6,107 28.9 6,022 27.0 5,336 34.5 4,557 42.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,825 N/A 1,178 N/A 819 N/A 757 N/A

2008
1,419 15.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,452 18.8 779 21.8 376 20.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,515 29.3 5,748 35.1 5,376 43.1 4,938 47.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.6 3.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.1 6.0 6.3 6.1 6.8 7.1 7.5 8.8 6.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.0 4.5 3.5 4.5 4.2 4.0 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.2 6.3 6.3 6.6 7.1 7.9 8.2 7.4 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.4 3.7 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.1 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.4 6.3 7.1 7.1 8.2 9.1 6.7 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.0 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.5 4.6 4.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.8 8.1 8.4 10.1 7.8 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.7 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.0 4.1 5.2 4.6 4.9 3.9 3.3 5.3 4.7 5.4 6.2 5.2 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 13.8 5.9 6.1 4.9 5.5 4.2 4.2 4.7 3.8 4.7 3.3 3.9 4.6 6.2 6.2 7.0 5.7 3.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 14.2 6.7 5.1 5.4 4.3 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.2 4.2 3.5 5.0 3.9 6.0 7.7 6.2 5.6 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 5.0 11.2 7.1 5.0 6.2 5.5 4.5 5.4 5.0 5.5 4.5 4.1 3.4 5.0 3.8 6.3 7.3 5.4 4.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1

2008
4.9 6.4 5.6 6.7 7.4 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.9 5.2 5.4 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.7 5.4 5.6 4.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.3 7.0 5.8 6.5 6.7 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.9 6.3 4.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.7 6.4 8.2 8.2 5.0 6.0 4.2 6.2 5.4 4.6 6.4 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.2 6.2 5.1 2.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.0 5.6 8.8 6.9 3.2 4.8 6.1 6.6 5.3 4.3 4.8 6.6 6.4 4.3 4.5 8.0 7.2 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2.8 4.2 3.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.6 7.3 7.5 8.7 6.3 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.1 3.5 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.7 6.4 6.6 7.4 8.4 8.4 7.4 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.5 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.3 6.2 7.1 7.3 8.5 9.2 6.5 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 2.6 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.2 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.7 6.5 7.9 8.2 9.9 7.2 5.7 0.0 0.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.0 99.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 99.1 0.5 <.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.1 0.0 98.8 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 98.5 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 99.1 0.4 <.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 97.4 0.3 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 97.7 0.7 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.9 1.7 0.0 0.4 0.0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.7 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.7 0.5 <.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 98.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 97.6 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 99.1 0.6 <.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.1 0.0 98.8 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 <.1 0.1 0.0 98.6 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 <.1 <.1 0.0 98.5 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

PUERTO RICO | CONTEXT DATA | 293

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,148 128

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,039 57

2010
1,061 34

2011
997 77
Total children adopted

2008
152

2009
202

2010
116

2011
48

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.7 7.0 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.5 7.8 8.3 8.4 8.5 9.0 7.5 5.9 4.5 3.0 2.0 1.6 1.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.4 2.2 3.9 5.6 4.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 7.4 8.7 8.2 7.7 8.7 9.0 6.2 4.6 3.1 2.0

2009
2.3 3.8 6.8 4.7 4.8 5.5 5.1 7.8 8.8 7.7 8.4 8.7 8.4 6.2 4.5 3.2 2.0 1.3

2011
0.5 2.0 3.0 3.4 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.1 4.8 8.0 9.3 8.9 8.6 9.0 8.1 6.6 4.4 2.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.0 6.6 9.2 6.6 9.9 10.5 7.9 7.9 11.2 4.6 7.2 6.6 3.9 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
3.0 8.4 5.9 6.9 7.4 6.9 6.4 6.9 5.4 5.9 3.0 6.9 8.4 5.9 4.0 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.5

2010
3.4 8.6 12.9 9.5 4.3 12.9 9.5 6.0 6.0 3.4 7.8 5.2 3.4 0.9 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

2011
4.2 10.4 6.3 12.5 4.2 8.3 8.3 10.4 4.2 4.2 8.3 10.4 2.1 2.1 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 99.3 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 99.3 0.4 0.0 <.1 0.0

2010
0.0 <.1 0.3 0.0 99.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0

2011
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 98.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

2009
0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 99.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

PUERTO RICO | CONTEXT DATA | 294

Puerto Rico

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.7 2.3 6,319

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.96 7,932

2009
97.2 2.8 4,768

2010
97.3 2.7 6,226

2011
95.5 4.5 5,037

2009
0.26 99.74 7,200

2010
0.32 99.68 6,155

2011
<.1 99.96 5,314

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.6 0.2 85.0 3.0 2.3 1,419

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
10.6 0.3 85.1 1.1 2.9 376 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
9.2 0.4 85.4 2.7 2.3 1,452

2010
11.7 0.0 84.7 2.1 1.5 779

2008
6.5 0.0 85.0 6.5 2.0 153

2009
9.4 0.0 84.8 2.9 2.9 171

2010
17.9 0.0 71.8 6.4 3.8 78

2011
2.0
0.0
94.0
2.0
2.0
50

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 87.6 9.9 2.6 233

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 45.8 50.0 4.2 24

2009
0.0 0.0 89.3 9.4 1.3 234

2010
0.0 0.0 94.1 4.9 1.0 102

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 60

2009
54.5 45.5 0.0 22

2010
42.9 42.9 14.3 7

2011
100.0 0.0 0.0 2

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2009
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2010
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
9.7 0.2 84.8 3.0 2.3 1,400

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

9.3 0.4 85.3 2.7 2.3 1,433 11.8 0.0 84.7 2.1 1.4 770

2011
10.9 0.3 85.6 1.1 2.2 367

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 16

White 2009 2010

14.3 0.0 85.7 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 90.9 9.1 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 20.0 5

2011
0.0 0.0 62.5 0.0 37.5 8

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Two or More Races 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

PUERTO RICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 295

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 38.6 37.0 10.3 3.8 9.7 0.6 1,206

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
26.5 44.0 16.5 4.2 8.5 0.2 1,240

2010
27.7 35.0 22.4 5.5 9.1 0.3 660

2011
31.6 34.4 12.5 11.6 10.0 0.0 320 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
94.7 1.3 2.8 1.2 1,825

2009
90.5 2.0 6.5 1.0 1,178

2010
90.4 1.7 5.6 2.3 819

2011
94.2 0.5 3.8 1.5 757

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 0.7 13.2 16.9 14.7 54.4 0.0 136

2009
0.7 9.0 16.4 20.9 53.0 0.0 134

2010
3.3 8.8 23.1 16.5 48.4 0.0 91

2011
2.5 7.5 7.5 27.5 55.0 0.0 40

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 99.7 0.2 <.1 2,129 99.9 <.1 0.0 1,417 99.9 0.1 0.0 940 100.0 0.0 0.0 842

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
99.8 0.2 0.0 1,760 99.3 0.6 <.1 1,620 99.9 <.1 0.0 1,065 100.0 0.0 0.0 835

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

99.3 0.7 0.0 4,029 99.2 0.8 0.0 4,159 99.1 0.9 0.0 4,147 99.2 0.8 0.0 3,637

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 14 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.4 4.0 94.6 0.0 994

2009
1.5 9.0 89.4 0.0 786

2010
1.8 10.1 88.1 0.0 546

2011
1.5 11.5 87.1 0.0 550

PUERTO RICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 296

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 104.9 47.6

2009
94.7 39.6

2010
78.6 35.6

2011
102.9 39.0

12.6

14.9

17.0

15.5

27.2 1.9

20.1 0.8

11.7 1.4

12.5 0.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 53.4 14.0 54.2 3.5

2009
42.6 9.7 49.7 3.5

2010
55.6 12.1 46.1 2.2

2011
16.8 10.0 53.1 1.1

0.8

0.2

<.1

<.1

55.3

53.5

57.1

53.3

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 85.5 9.7 100.0

2009
88.1 10.7 100.0

2010
80.5 7.3 100.0

2011
73.4 3.7 100.0

67.7

67.5

73.0

71.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 150.2 99.8 99.8 99.3

2009
150.1 99.9 99.4 99.2

2010
150.4 99.9 99.9 99.1

2011
150.4 100.0 100.0 99.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

PUERTO RICO | OUTCOMES DATA | 297

Rhode Island

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 229,788 0.7 3.2 7.0 <.1 19.3 66.9 2.9 15.5

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
223,542 0.5 3.1 7.1 <.1 20.6 64.5 4.1 19.0

2009
226,825 0.6 3.2 7.0 <.1 20.0 66.1 3.0 16.9

2011
219,536 0.5 3.2 7.0 <.1 21.0 64.0 4.2 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
3,082 6.3 2,503 260

2009
3,065 6.3 2,204 272

2010
3,554 6.2 2,157 184

2011
3,422 5.3 1,850 201

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 28 916 3,258 23 1,033 4,447

2009
38 1,164 3,080 43 2,608 6,022

2010
45 1,378 3,051 47 3,814 8,143

2011
58 1,708 2,942 58 6,551 11,216

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 9,821 3,082 0

2008

Rate

Number
9,319 3,065 2

2009

Rate

Number
10,361 3,554 2

2010

Rate

Number
9,849 3,422 3

2011

Rate

42.7 per 1,000 13.4 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

41.1 per 1,000 13.5 per 1,000 0.9 per 100,000

46.3 per 1,000 15.9 per 1,000 0.9 per 100,000

44.9 per 1,000 15.6 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 15.3 7.3 7.8 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.1 4.1 4.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.2 1.8 0.2 <.1 3,082

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
15.1 8.5 7.9 7.1 6.1 6.6 5.8 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.5 2.1 0.2 0.4 3,065

2010
14.8 8.0 8.4 7.7 6.6 6.0 5.8 5.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.7 3.8 3.7 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.3 <.1 0.1 3,554

2011
14.5 7.5 8.7 7.9 7.1 5.6 5.4 5.6 4.9 3.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.1 <.1 0.3 3,422 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.4 0.8 12.1 0.0 22.3 53.1 6.5 4.7 3,082

2009
0.5 1.7 9.3 <.1 22.5 53.8 6.0 6.1 3,065

2010
0.7 0.8 11.6 <.1 23.4 51.6 7.1 4.9 3,554

2011
0.4 1.0 11.0 <.1 22.6 51.2 7.0 6.8 3,422

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
RHODE ISLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 298

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.1 1.5 87.4 9.9 5.2 0.0 1.1 3,082

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
<.1 1.6 86.4 12.8 3.9 0.0 0.8 3,554

2009
<.1 1.3 85.2 13.2 3.9 0.0 1.6 3,065

2011
<.1 2.2 85.9 13.1 3.7 0.0 0.9 3,422 Mean Median

2008
54.8 >24 but<48

2009
47.6 >24 but<48

2010
48.5 >24 but<48

2011
48.3 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 2,578 15.0 2,275 15.9 2,031 14.3 1,991 13.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,443 N/A 1,422 N/A 1,380 N/A 1,170 N/A

2008
1,518 12.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,493 12.8 1,254 11.5 1,311 12.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,503 15.9 2,204 14.2 2,157 14.0 1,850 13.9

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.8 5.4 5.4 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.8 4.6 7.1 8.8 10.0 9.4 5.2 3.2 1.7 0.2 5.2 6.6 4.7 4.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.9 6.7 9.7 10.2 10.5 4.7 2.1 1.3 0.0 6.1 6.2 4.5 4.2 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.8 4.2 3.3 3.2 3.8 5.8 9.5 11.8 11.5 4.2 1.9 1.4 <.1 7.0 7.2 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.9 4.2 3.3 3.5 5.3 7.9 11.3 12.3 4.6 1.6 1.2 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.8 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.4 2.1 2.1 3.0 5.7 8.6 12.9 12.5 8.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 <.1 15.8 5.3 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 4.8 9.6 11.0 11.7 10.1 1.4 0.2 <.1 0.0 15.4 5.6 4.2 2.9 3.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 5.0 8.4 10.4 13.6 10.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.3 5.2 4.2 4.9 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.6 1.7 2.0 3.0 3.9 4.4 7.2 10.8 12.1 8.6 0.8 0.0 <.1 0.0

2008
5.3 5.4 6.5 4.9 3.8 3.9 3.3 2.6 3.2 3.4 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.0 5.8 7.6 9.5 8.5 8.2 4.0 3.4 0.7

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.5 7.7 5.7 4.4 4.2 3.1 2.3 3.1 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.6 4.2 6.4 6.0 9.0 9.4 11.6 2.2 1.6 0.7 4.6 6.8 5.3 4.1 4.7 4.4 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.4 4.1 4.1 7.5 9.5 11.0 11.6 1.6 1.8 0.3 4.5 6.9 6.6 5.4 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.5 2.7 2.6 1.9 3.3 2.8 3.4 4.6 6.8 9.1 11.4 11.0 1.4 2.0 0.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.8 6.1 4.6 4.2 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.1 4.6 6.6 9.5 11.2 11.6 5.7 2.4 1.5 0.2 5.8 5.9 4.3 3.9 3.2 3.0 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.9 3.3 2.9 3.7 5.9 9.8 12.2 12.2 5.3 2.0 1.4 <.1 6.3 6.8 4.8 4.1 3.1 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.2 2.8 3.9 3.2 3.7 5.4 8.3 11.8 13.2 5.9 1.9 1.3 0.2 5.8 7.1 6.1 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.4 2.4 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 4.5 3.8 4.8 7.1 10.5 12.0 6.6 1.6 1.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.1 1.7 18.7 <.1 23.4 47.1 6.5 1.5 0.0 1.1 1.9 17.6 <.1 23.0 48.0 6.7 1.7 0.0 0.8 2.4 15.6 0.0 24.1 48.1 7.4 1.6 0.0 0.8 1.4 15.8 <.1 26.0 47.1 7.6 1.3 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.4 2.4 14.8 0.0 25.2 48.2 6.2 2.9 <.1 0.6 2.5 14.4 0.0 25.0 47.6 7.0 2.7 0.2 1.3 1.2 15.7 0.0 27.0 44.9 6.9 2.8 0.2 0.9 1.5 14.5 0.0 25.5 47.2 7.9 2.5 0.2

2008
0.6 1.9 16.3 0.0 24.8 48.2 6.1 2.1 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.8 1.8 17.7 0.1 23.6 47.4 6.5 1.9 0.1 1.4 2.6 14.1 0.0 25.1 47.3 7.6 1.8 <.1 0.6 1.2 16.3 <.1 27.3 44.9 8.3 1.2 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.0 2.0 17.9 <.1 23.5 47.0 6.6 1.9 0.0 0.9 2.4 15.5 0.0 23.8 48.1 7.0 2.2 <.1 0.8 1.6 16.5 0.0 25.4 46.5 7.0 2.2 <.1 0.9 1.6 14.6 0.0 24.7 48.8 7.2 2.1 <.1

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

RHODE ISLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 299

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
427 230

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
336 203

2010
318 183

2011
270 150
Total children adopted

2008
260

2009
272

2010
184

2011
201

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 0.5 7.7 6.8 7.5 5.6 4.9 3.5 4.2 4.7 8.2 4.7 6.8 5.4 6.8 5.2 9.4 6.1 2.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
0.3 6.0 7.2 6.3 5.3 4.1 5.3 3.5 6.3 6.0 5.7 9.7 5.0 6.9 5.7 5.7 4.4 6.6

2009
1.5 5.4 6.8 4.2 5.1 3.9 4.5 5.7 5.1 5.7 9.2 5.7 7.4 5.4 5.4 5.7 10.1 3.6

2011
1.1 7.0 9.3 5.9 5.2 4.1 5.2 4.1 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.2 9.6 4.8 7.0 5.9 5.9 4.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.9 12.7 16.9 11.2 7.7 8.8 6.9 2.3 6.9 5.0 3.5 2.3 1.9 1.5 3.5 1.9 3.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
3.3 19.5 16.2 9.9 8.5 5.5 4.8 5.1 4.0 4.4 3.7 4.4 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
3.3 19.6 15.2 10.3 7.1 9.2 2.7 3.3 5.4 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.8 4.3 1.1 2.2 2.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
3.0 16.9 18.9 12.9 8.5 4.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 6.0 2.5 5.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.9 0.9 19.9 0.2 25.3 42.9 8.2 0.7 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 2.3 0.4 20.4 0.0 26.2 38.8 11.2 0.8 0.0

2009
0.9 1.8 16.4 0.0 26.5 43.8 9.5 1.2 0.0

2010
0.6 1.9 15.7 0.0 36.8 35.2 8.8 0.9 0.0

2011
0.7 3.0 13.7 0.0 30.4 43.0 7.8 1.5 0.0

2009
0.7 0.4 19.1 0.4 26.5 39.3 12.9 0.7 0.0

2010
0.5 1.6 10.3 0.0 24.5 50.0 12.5 0.5 0.0

2011
0.0 1.0 10.9 0.5 34.8 40.3 11.9 0.5 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

RHODE ISLAND | CONTEXT DATA | 300

Rhode Island

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 90.3 9.7 1,471

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.72 99.28 4,021

2009
93.0 7.0 1,397

2010
92.3 7.7 1,556

2011
91.5 8.5 1,700

2009
1.35 98.65 3,697

2010
0.97 99.03 3,411

2011
1.23 98.77 3,161

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.8 4.2 63.2 15.8 <.1 1,518

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
15.3 9.6 59.6 15.4 0.0 1,311 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
18.7 5.5 60.3 15.5 0.0 1,493

2010
14.6 7.6 63.2 14.7 0.0 1,254

2008
19.4 1.9 56.8 22.0 0.0 532

2009
23.4 2.3 50.0 24.3 0.0 470

2010
16.8 5.3 55.5 22.4 0.0 416

2011
17.2
5.4
54.0
23.4
0.0
389

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.1 2.1 68.1 28.6 0.2 658

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 26.6 72.8 0.6 158

2009
1.0 1.9 69.7 27.4 0.0 628

2010
0.4 3.3 69.3 27.0 0.0 548

2011
0.7 3.0 67.8 28.5 0.0 569

2009
35.1 64.9 0.0 151

2010
23.4 76.6 0.0 111

2011
25.6 74.4 0.0 129

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 44.4 0.0 55.6 0.0 0.0 9

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

16.7 8.3 50.0 25.0 0.0 12 5.6 11.1 66.7 16.7 0.0 18 0.0 37.5 37.5 25.0 0.0 8

2008
3.4 0.0 86.2 10.3 0.0 29

Asian 2009 2010

3.7 0.0 81.5 14.8 0.0 27 9.4 12.5 62.5 15.6 0.0 32

Black 2011
12.5 0.0 68.8 18.8 0.0 16

2008
21.5 6.9 49.0 22.7 0.0 247

2009
19.3 3.8 52.3 24.6 0.0 264

2010
9.6 4.0 66.7 19.8 0.0 177

2011
10.3 14.5 57.9 17.3 0.0 214

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
17.0 2.7 69.0 11.4 0.0 377

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

20.4 6.2 62.9 10.5 0.0 353 14.0 5.4 67.3 13.3 0.0 315

2011
19.3 5.9 60.1 14.8 0.0 358

2008
13.7 4.1 64.3 17.8 0.1 731

White 2009 2010

15.8 6.4 62.6 15.3 0.0 708 15.7 8.9 60.2 15.2 0.0 593

2011
13.9 8.3 62.1 15.6 0.0 588

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.3 0.0 84.4 9.4 0.0 32

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

10.7 7.1 60.7 21.4 0.0 28 4.3 4.3 91.3 0.0 0.0 23

2011
6.3 6.3 68.8 18.8 0.0 16

2008
33.7 6.5 54.3 5.4 0.0 92

Two or More Races 2009 2010

38.1 1.0 52.6 8.2 0.0 97 25.3 11.6 53.7 9.5 0.0 95

2011
22.0 19.3 47.7 11.0 0.0 109

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

RHODE ISLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 301

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 65.7 24.1 6.8 2.0 1.5 0.0 959

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
68.3 19.5 8.1 2.0 2.0 0.1 901

2010
71.3 19.1 5.7 2.0 1.9 0.0 792

2011
68.8 21.4 5.1 3.1 1.7 0.0 782 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
68.5 17.9 13.3 0.2 1,443

2009
69.9 16.2 13.5 0.4 1,422

2010
71.6 15.3 13.1 0.0 1,380

2011
70.5 16.7 12.8 0.0 1,170

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 5.5 32.9 38.8 10.2 12.5 0.0 255

2009
8.2 34.4 39.8 10.0 7.5 0.0 279

2010
6.6 34.4 26.8 13.7 18.6 0.0 183

2011
7.0 31.8 29.9 11.9 19.4 0.0 201

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 83.0 17.0 0.0 1,734 88.4 11.6 0.0 1,684 86.5 13.5 0.0 1,657 87.2 12.8 0.0 1,488

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
64.0 36.0 0.0 980 62.0 38.0 0.0 828 65.6 34.4 0.0 735 62.5 37.5 0.0 773

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

34.9 65.1 0.0 1,305 34.7 65.3 0.0 1,180 34.7 65.3 0.0 1,017 34.4 65.6 0.0 895

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 5 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 17.4 0.0 82.6 0.0 736

2009
15.7 0.0 84.3 0.0 721

2010
18.4 0.0 81.6 0.0 706

2011
11.8 0.0 88.2 0.0 650

RHODE ISLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 302

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 91.1 65.3

2009
98.0 67.2

2010
98.1 70.2

2011
100.2 68.8

8.4

7.7

7.4

8.1

46.5 24.5

43.8 21.9

43.5 23.4

44.3 21.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 132.6 38.4 26.5 19.7

2009
141.7 42.7 26.4 22.0

2010
134.5 41.0 26.0 18.1

2011
134.9 38.8 26.3 20.9

12.1

16.8

14.5

16.0

81.0

78.4

77.6

76.4

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 122.9 23.5 97.3

2009
130.2 25.2 96.9

2010
127.9 24.5 96.4

2011
130.6 28.2 95.0

37.7

30.8

32.6

33.2

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 95.9 82.2 64.3 36.2

2009
99.2 88.1 62.3 35.8

2010
99.6 86.2 66.3 36.0

2011
98.9 86.8 63.2 36.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

RHODE ISLAND | OUTCOMES DATA | 303

South Carolina

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
12,549 3.6 5,054 525

2009
12,707 3.4 4,978 513

2010
12,191 3.1 4,488 529

2011
11,709 2.7 3,841 585

1,075,249 1,080,732 1,079,569 1,080,555 0.4 1.3 32.2 <.1 7.0 56.9 2.1 21.7 0.4 1.4 31.8 <.1 7.5 56.7 2.2 24.4 0.4 1.3 32.2 <.1 7.6 55.4 3.1 26.1 0.4 1.4 31.9 <.1 8.0 55.2 3.2 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 85 6,318 7,413 66 32,247 48,794

2009
90 6,576 7,270 77 33,031 42,650

2010
90 6,117 6,760 81 38,196 47,423

2011
90 5,485 6,117 79 32,802 41,564

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 41,398 12,549 21

2008

Rate

Number
40,966 12,707 28

2009

Rate

Number
43,155 12,191 25

2010

Rate

Number
39,618 11,709 15

2011

Rate

38.5 per 1,000 11.7 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

37.9 per 1,000 11.8 per 1,000 2.6 per 100,000

40.0 per 1,000 11.3 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

36.7 per 1,000 10.8 per 1,000 1.4 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.1 8.1 6.8 6.1 5.6 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.5 1.4 0.2 3.2 12,549

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
12.1 7.9 6.9 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 3.8 1.4 0.2 3.1 12,707

2010
12.7 7.6 7.9 7.2 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.5 1.5 0.2 1.8 12,191

2011
12.3 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.0 6.6 6.0 5.6 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.2 1.3 0.0 1.9 11,709 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.3 0.2 37.6 <.1 4.4 50.3 4.2 3.1 12,549

2009
0.2 0.2 38.0 <.1 4.4 50.4 3.9 2.9 12,707

2010
0.1 0.1 36.3 <.1 4.1 51.8 4.2 3.3 12,191

2011
0.3 0.1 35.0 <.1 4.1 52.3 4.7 3.4 11,709

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
SOUTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 304

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.1 3.6 71.2 31.9 5.4 0.0 0.3 12,549

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.3 3.8 66.1 35.9 5.3 0.0 0.4 12,191

2009
1.0 3.7 70.5 33.4 6.3 0.0 0.3 12,707

2011
0.9 3.3 66.3 37.2 5.4 0.0 0.2 11,709 Mean Median

2008
51.0 <24

2009
41.5 <24

2010
42.7 <24

2011
47.0 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 5,092 15.6 5,003 15.9 4,898 15.6 4,430 16.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,862 N/A 3,722 N/A 3,393 N/A 2,939 N/A

2008
3,900 7.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,747 7.8 3,803 8.5 3,528 9.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5,054 15.8 4,978 15.1 4,488 16.6 3,841 17.0

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.5 7.2 6.6 5.9 4.4 4.8 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.5 6.9 7.1 9.0 8.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 7.2 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.5 5.4 7.3 8.5 8.9 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 7.1 7.3 5.3 5.5 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.0 5.0 6.6 8.9 8.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 7.4 6.6 6.5 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.9 6.1 7.7 9.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.8 7.5 6.2 5.5 5.0 6.2 5.9 5.6 4.9 4.6 3.9 3.7 4.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.6 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 8.0 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 3.5 4.2 4.7 4.3 6.1 5.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.1 7.3 7.6 6.0 5.0 5.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.2 5.7 6.1 5.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.0 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.1 3.5 4.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
6.0 7.9 7.5 7.1 5.3 5.8 5.5 5.3 4.5 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 6.0 7.8 <.1 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.9 7.8 7.7 6.8 5.7 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.2 4.6 3.5 11.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.3 7.1 8.1 7.0 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.2 4.3 4.7 4.6 7.1 5.5 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.6 8.2 6.8 7.9 6.6 5.7 5.8 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 11.3 2.5 <.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.0 7.2 6.3 5.7 5.3 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.5 5.4 7.3 8.4 8.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 7.2 7.3 5.3 5.4 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.5 8.8 8.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 7.5 6.6 6.6 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.9 6.1 7.7 9.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 6.5 7.1 6.1 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.6 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 5.2 5.5 6.6 7.8 8.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 45.2 <.1 4.2 44.1 6.3 <.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 45.0 0.0 4.0 44.1 6.4 <.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 44.3 <.1 4.3 44.2 6.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 <.1 42.4 <.1 5.3 44.3 7.1 0.5 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.2 42.5 <.1 5.7 45.7 5.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 42.6 <.1 5.7 44.3 6.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 38.8 <.1 6.9 45.9 6.2 1.7 0.0 0.3 0.1 39.4 0.2 5.1 47.2 6.0 1.6 0.0

2008
<.1 <.1 43.0 <.1 5.8 45.7 5.0 0.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.5 0.2 43.5 0.0 5.4 44.2 5.6 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 41.9 <.1 5.3 45.1 6.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 42.1 0.2 5.5 44.9 5.8 1.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.3 0.2 44.8 0.0 4.1 44.1 6.5 <.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 44.3 <.1 4.3 44.2 6.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 <.1 42.1 <.1 5.4 44.7 6.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1 40.5 <.1 5.0 45.9 7.4 0.9 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 305

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
1,823 917

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,862 923

2010
1,699 857

2011
1,413 675 Total children adopted

2008
525

2009
513

2010
529

2011
585

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 3.1 8.3 8.9 7.4 7.1 5.4 6.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 6.1 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.4 6.7 3.2 1.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.4 7.3 7.7 7.8 5.7 6.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.8 6.3 5.5 5.5 4.4 2.9

2009
3.0 8.1 9.0 6.8 6.1 5.9 5.3 6.2 6.0 5.1 4.9 5.9 6.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.3 1.9

2011
2.2 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.2 6.7 6.4 6.6 5.5 3.1 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.9 10.3 13.5 13.3 9.0 8.2 6.5 6.5 5.1 3.6 4.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.6 8.4 17.3 13.6 8.8 9.2 7.6 4.5 5.7 5.5 2.9 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.3 9.3 15.3 13.0 9.1 8.9 6.0 8.1 5.1 4.5 2.6 3.8 3.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
2.4 12.3 11.3 12.3 10.6 8.7 7.9 4.8 4.3 5.0 5.0 3.4 3.1 3.4 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.2 44.5 0.0 3.5 43.3 8.6 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 31.4 0.0 5.9 53.5 9.1 0.0 0.0

2009
<.1 0.1 45.1 0.0 3.7 42.3 8.8 0.0 0.0

2010
0.2 0.1 43.3 0.0 4.8 42.6 8.9 <.1 0.0

2011
0.2 0.1 41.5 0.0 4.7 44.7 8.6 0.3 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 32.6 0.0 3.5 53.2 10.7 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 33.5 0.0 3.4 53.1 9.8 0.2 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 6.2 48.4 10.3 0.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH CAROLINA | CONTEXT DATA | 306

South Carolina

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.4 2.6 6,502

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.93 8,954

2009
97.6 2.4 5,952

2010
96.8 3.2 5,754

2011
96.6 3.4 5,705

2009
0.11 99.89 8,725

2010
0.43 99.57 8,291

2011
0.41 99.59 7,369

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.5 1.2 73.5 11.7 0.0 3,900

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
16.6 2.0 70.3 11.1 0.0 3,528 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
14.2 0.9 72.5 12.5 0.0 3,747

2010
14.0 1.6 73.6 10.8 0.0 3,803

2008
5.9 2.0 30.7 61.4 0.0 101

2009
12.7 0.0 33.1 54.2 0.0 142

2010
17.2 0.0 40.2 42.6 0.0 169

2011
16.1
0.8
31.5
51.6
0.0
124

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.0 0.8 66.4 31.8 0.0 908

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 36.4 63.6 0.0 428

2009
0.3 1.5 63.6 34.6 0.0 878

2010
0.7 1.3 64.8 33.2 0.0 856

2011
0.4 1.7 64.5 33.5 0.0 780

2009
34.1 65.9 0.0 428

2010
29.1 70.9 0.0 385

2011
31.4 68.6 0.0 366

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 18.2 72.7 9.1 0.0 11

2008
0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 85.7 14.3 0.0 7

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
9.9 0.6 74.9 14.7 0.0 1,678

2009
10.6 0.8 71.5 17.1 0.0 1,630

2010
11.4 1.6 74.2 12.9 0.0 1,594

2011
13.8 1.3 71.0 13.9 0.0 1,484

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 7

2008
13.7 1.8 78.4 6.2 0.0 227

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

8.9 0.0 84.7 6.4 0.0 203 9.4 1.5 83.3 5.9 0.0 203

2011
18.6 1.5 72.7 7.2 0.0 194

2008
15.8 1.8 71.9 10.5 0.0 1,783

White 2009 2010

17.3 1.1 71.5 10.1 0.0 1,656 16.6 1.6 71.2 10.6 0.0 1,714

2011
17.9 2.5 70.2 9.4 0.0 1,585

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 8

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 96.0 4.0 0.0 25 2.2 0.0 97.8 0.0 0.0 45

2011
2.7 8.1 89.2 0.0 0.0 37

2008
25.0 0.5 70.4 4.1 0.0 196

Two or More Races 2009 2010

26.7 0.0 70.0 3.3 0.0 210 20.1 0.9 73.9 5.1 0.0 234

2011
29.1 1.9 59.7 9.2 0.0 206

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 307

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 79.6 15.4 3.6 0.8 0.6 0.0 2,866

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
78.7 15.3 3.9 0.9 1.2 <.1 2,716

2010
77.0 16.5 4.2 1.1 1.3 <.1 2,799

2011
78.2 15.8 4.4 1.0 0.6 0.0 2,481 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
85.7 7.1 7.0 0.2 3,862

2009
85.2 6.4 8.3 <.1 3,722

2010
84.4 7.6 7.9 <.1 3,393

2011
83.5 7.2 9.2 0.2 2,939

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.0 17.2 30.3 22.3 27.1 0.0 528

2009
1.3 18.0 32.3 25.0 23.3 0.0 532

2010
2.4 19.5 31.3 23.6 23.2 0.0 534

2011
3.8 21.3 28.8 24.6 21.5 0.0 586

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 78.2 21.8 0.0 4,495 78.7 21.3 0.0 4,311 79.9 20.1 0.0 4,075 81.2 18.7 <.1 3,600

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
47.0 53.0 0.0 1,726 46.2 53.8 0.0 1,762 45.8 54.2 0.0 1,634 48.9 51.0 <.1 1,380

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

25.1 74.9 0.0 2,713 25.4 74.6 0.0 2,646 25.1 74.9 0.0 2,554 26.1 73.9 0.0 2,377

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 20 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 28 100.0 0.0 0.0 12

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 9.8 9.1 81.1 0.0 2,979

2009
9.4 10.1 80.4 0.0 2,838

2010
10.5 10.4 79.1 0.0 2,589

2011
9.4 10.8 79.8 0.0 2,300

SOUTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 308

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 140.2 76.6

2009
135.6 75.2

2010
138.8 73.0

2011
139.8 75.0

4.6

4.6

6.2

5.9

54.6 8.1

57.0 9.3

61.5 8.2

60.0 8.7

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 109.1 20.3 35.9 19.9

2009
103.5 19.4 35.1 20.8

2010
123.7 21.9 34.8 20.3

2011
115.7 25.1 35.0 23.0

13.0

15.4

13.8

13.2

46.3

53.6

53.0

59.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 80.2 23.3 87.6

2009
86.8 24.1 89.6

2010
84.1 26.5 92.5

2011
89.6 27.0 90.6

55.7

55.2

52.0

57.0

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 78.2 75.7 47.0 25.1

2009
78.8 76.3 46.2 25.4

2010
80.0 77.1 45.9 25.2

2011
83.5 79.2 48.9 26.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

SOUTH CAROLINA | OUTCOMES DATA | 309

South Dakota

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 198,582 13.2 1.0 1.8 <.1 5.0 76.1 2.9 17.6

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
202,892 13.4 1.0 1.8 <.1 4.6 75.2 4.0 18.2

2009
199,616 13.0 1.1 1.9 <.1 5.2 75.8 2.9 18.5

2011
203,156 13.1 1.1 1.8 <.1 4.8 74.9 4.2 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
1,394 6.8 1,484 176

2009
1,513 7.2 1,490 167

2010
1,435 7.2 1,493 133

2011
1,436 6.9 1,404 168

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 70 1,523 2,165 68

2009
86 1,872 2,183 88 12,491 14,127

2010
86 1,866 2,160 92 13,841 15,108

2011
92 1,966 2,135 94 14,753 15,627

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 6,865 1,394 2

2008

Rate

Number
7,186 1,513 4

2009

Rate

Number
7,208 1,435 2

2010

Rate

Number
7,264 1,436 3

2011

Rate

34.6 per 1,000 7.0 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

36.0 per 1,000 7.6 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

35.5 per 1,000 7.1 per 1,000 1.0 per 100,000

35.8 per 1,000 7.1 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 15.0 9.7 8.8 8.2 6.8 4.9 6.0 5.7 4.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.4 3.4 3.6 2.7 2.3 1.6 0.3 0.7 1,394

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
15.2 9.8 9.8 7.5 7.5 7.1 5.6 5.3 4.0 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.4 2.2 1.7 0.2 0.7 1,513

2010
13.4 10.4 8.4 9.0 8.6 6.5 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.0 3.8 2.9 3.6 2.9 3.1 2.5 2.4 1.0 0.2 0.7 1,435

2011
13.8 9.5 9.1 8.8 7.0 7.2 7.0 5.4 5.2 5.1 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.3 0.0 0.6 1,436 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
49.6 0.1 3.4 0.1 7.2 30.3 6.8 2.3 1,394

2009
48.9 0.3 2.4 0.0 5.2 33.4 6.7 3.0 1,513

2010
48.0 0.3 3.1 0.2 6.2 32.9 7.2 2.1 1,435

2011
45.1 0.3 3.6 0.1 7.2 34.0 8.5 1.1 1,436

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
SOUTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 310

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 2.0 N/A 87.3 10.3 5.2 0.0 0.0 1,394

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.9 N/A 90.8 8.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 1,435

2009
3.0 N/A 89.3 12.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 1,513

2011
0.9 N/A 88.8 11.9 4.5 0.0 0.0 1,436 Mean Median

2008
114.4 >72 but<96

2009
119.4 >72 but<96

2010
139.3 >96 but<120

2011
116.8 >72 but<96

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,516 14.0 1,420 14.1 1,435 11.8 1,436 13.6

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,347 N/A 1,444 N/A 1,455 N/A 1,396 N/A

2008
1,379 6.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,374 5.5 1,397 3.5 1,428 3.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,484 13.8 1,490 11.7 1,493 13.3 1,404 13.7

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.7 7.4 8.1 6.7 5.5 5.2 6.2 4.8 4.2 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.7 3.8 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 5.5 8.7 7.5 7.3 6.3 5.0 3.9 5.6 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.7 7.0 6.3 5.5 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 5.9 7.7 8.2 6.8 6.4 6.3 5.2 4.1 5.5 3.9 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 6.2 6.3 1.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 7.1 8.8 7.5 6.3 6.9 5.6 5.2 4.7 5.4 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.7 1.0 0.2 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

15.4 10.7 8.5 7.6 6.8 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.2 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.6 2.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 10.2 10.7 7.3 7.5 6.6 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.7 3.2 3.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 12.7 9.3 8.2 9.0 6.7 6.3 5.1 6.0 5.1 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 9.4 9.7 9.2 6.8 7.5 7.1 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 1.7 0.0 <.1 0.0 0.0

2008
7.3 8.3 8.6 7.7 7.3 6.2 6.7 5.9 4.4 5.4 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.8 2.6 3.2 4.4 0.2 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

8.7 9.6 11.6 8.4 7.9 6.3 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.6 1.5 5.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 7.4 8.2 9.3 8.9 7.2 6.2 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.1 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.6 5.1 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 6.8 8.1 10.3 9.1 7.8 7.1 7.7 5.7 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 4.6 2.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.9 9.0 7.8 7.3 6.6 4.9 3.8 5.6 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 6.0 7.9 8.2 7.0 6.2 6.5 5.1 4.4 5.6 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5 6.2 6.0 1.1 <.1 0.0 <.1 4.2 7.1 8.8 7.6 6.6 6.8 5.8 5.1 4.5 5.4 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 5.0 4.6 4.6 5.5 1.1 0.2 <.1 0.0 4.8 6.7 7.1 8.3 7.5 5.7 6.4 5.6 3.8 4.7 4.8 3.8 4.3 4.3 5.2 5.3 5.1 4.9 1.1 0.4 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 52.4 <.1 3.1 0.0 6.7 30.2 7.5 0.0 0.0 52.8 0.4 2.5 0.2 7.3 29.8 7.0 0.0 0.0 52.6 0.2 2.6 0.1 6.7 29.8 8.0 0.0 0.0 51.5 0.3 2.4 0.1 6.9 30.4 8.4 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

49.1 0.4 4.1 0.3 8.4 30.7 6.7 0.0 0.4 48.5 0.3 4.3 <.1 7.2 31.4 7.9 <.1 0.1 48.9 0.5 5.4 <.1 6.5 30.7 7.8 0.1 <.1 48.6 0.7 5.4 0.1 8.5 27.9 8.7 <.1 0.0

2008
47.1 <.1 4.8 0.0 8.6 31.4 7.7 0.0 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

48.3 0.5 4.1 0.2 8.0 31.9 6.7 <.1 0.1 49.1 0.4 5.7 <.1 6.9 30.1 7.5 0.1 <.1 48.1 0.3 4.6 0.2 9.1 30.0 7.6 <.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

54.3 0.3 2.4 0.3 6.5 29.6 6.6 0.0 0.0 52.8 0.2 2.8 <.1 6.6 29.5 8.1 0.0 0.0 52.2 0.3 2.4 0.1 6.2 30.3 8.3 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.8 3.2 <.1 6.2 28.2 9.5 0.0 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 311

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
423 358

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
381 310

2010
420 339

2011
381 320 Total children adopted

2008
176

2009
167

2010
133

2011
168

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.9 7.8 9.5 7.3 6.9 4.7 4.5 6.4 4.7 4.7 5.4 6.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 6.1 5.2 6.4

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.0 5.7 9.0 5.7 7.6 5.5 6.7 4.5 3.3 6.4 5.5 7.1 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.7 5.5 6.0

2009
3.1 3.7 7.3 8.7 6.0 6.6 4.7 3.7 7.6 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.8 3.9 4.5 5.2 7.3 5.8

2011
1.0 3.9 7.3 6.8 7.1 6.8 5.2 6.8 4.2 5.2 7.9 3.9 7.1 4.7 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.0 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.1 6.8 11.4 11.9 11.4 11.9 9.7 7.4 6.8 5.7 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.8 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
2.4 6.6 18.0 8.4 15.6 7.8 4.8 7.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.2 0.6 3.0 3.0 2.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
1.5 4.5 17.3 11.3 15.8 8.3 9.0 3.0 2.3 10.5 1.5 3.0 5.3 3.0 0.8 2.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
0.6 8.3 14.9 10.7 14.3 9.5 6.5 6.5 4.2 4.2 6.0 4.2 2.4 2.4 1.2 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 43.5 0.0 3.8 0.0 6.4 37.8 8.5 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 36.4 0.0 2.3 0.0 10.2 38.6 12.5 0.0 0.0

2009
45.9 0.3 2.4 0.3 10.5 30.7 10.0 0.0 0.0

2010
48.3 0.2 1.9 0.2 8.3 29.3 11.7 0.0 0.0

2011
48.6 0.3 2.4 0.0 6.8 30.4 11.5 0.0 0.0

2009
38.9 0.0 5.4 0.0 5.4 41.3 9.0 0.0 0.0

2010
44.4 0.0 2.3 0.0 9.0 36.8 7.5 0.0 0.0

2011
44.6 1.2 1.2 0.0 8.9 30.4 13.7 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH DAKOTA | CONTEXT DATA | 312

South Dakota

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.1 3.9 689

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.93 2,863

2009
94.3 5.7 706

2010
95.4 4.6 680

2011
94.4 5.6 643

2009
0.28 99.72 2,864

2010
0.10 99.90 2,890

2011
0.00 100.00 2,832

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 12.6 5.2 62.9 19.3 0.0 1,379

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
11.7 7.9 57.9 22.5 0.0 1,428 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
12.1 5.4 60.7 21.8 0.0 1,374

2010
9.4 5.7 60.5 24.3 0.0 1,397

2008
23.5 7.5 35.6 33.5 0.0 281

2009
31.8 7.0 34.5 26.7 0.0 258

2010
26.9 11.2 27.3 34.5 0.0 249

2011
23.8
8.9
34.5
32.8
0.0
235

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.5 6.6 57.3 35.5 0.0 211

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 35.8 64.2 0.0 81

2009
2.6 3.1 59.9 34.4 0.0 192

2010
1.2 6.5 57.5 34.8 0.0 247

2011
2.3 8.0 53.4 36.2 0.0 174

2009
40.3 59.7 0.0 72

2010
32.1 67.9 0.0 81

2011
41.0 59.0 0.0 78

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 10.0 6.5 55.2 28.4 0.0 649

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

9.9 6.8 50.5 32.8 0.0 664 8.7 6.4 48.8 36.0 0.0 686 10.9 8.2 48.3 32.6 0.0 687

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 40.0 60.0 0.0 0.0 5

Black 2011
25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
6.1 3.0 89.4 1.5 0.0 66

2009
15.8 0.0 77.2 7.0 0.0 57

2010
3.8 5.1 82.3 8.9 0.0 79

2011
3.1 1.5 93.8 1.5 0.0 65

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 0.0 3

2008
15.1 2.5 68.1 14.3 0.0 119

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

7.3 5.5 68.2 19.1 0.0 110 12.4 6.2 64.9 16.5 0.0 97

2011
11.5 7.7 48.5 32.3 0.0 130

2008
15.2 5.1 67.7 12.0 0.0 433

White 2009 2010

15.8 3.4 71.2 9.6 0.0 438 11.2 5.2 72.2 11.4 0.0 421

2011
11.9 9.8 70.4 7.9 0.0 429

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
19.8 2.8 67.0 10.4 0.0 106

Two or More Races 2009 2010

15.2 8.7 59.8 16.3 0.0 92 9.5 1.9 67.6 21.0 0.0 105

2011
21.1 2.8 58.7 17.4 0.0 109

2008
0.0 0.0 80.0 20.0 0.0 5

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

SOUTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 313

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 83.6 13.7 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.0 867

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
81.8 14.7 2.4 0.4 0.7 0.0 834

2010
81.5 13.7 2.5 1.1 1.2 0.0 845

2011
83.0 14.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 827 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
73.9 10.9 14.0 1.3 1,347

2009
73.7 12.0 14.1 0.1 1,444

2010
72.5 11.7 15.0 0.8 1,455

2011
73.3 11.7 15.0 <.1 1,396

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.3 25.3 42.5 14.9 14.9 0.0 174

2009
4.2 27.1 34.9 16.9 16.9 0.0 166

2010
2.3 30.3 34.1 22.0 11.4 0.0 132

2011
1.8 32.9 31.1 18.6 15.6 0.0 167

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 86.3 13.7 0.0 1,572 87.1 12.9 0.0 1,694 88.5 11.5 0.0 1,667 86.6 13.4 0.0 1,602

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
53.2 46.8 0.0 551 55.7 44.3 0.0 467 56.6 43.4 0.0 579 60.1 39.9 0.0 566

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.5 80.5 0.0 737 19.0 81.0 0.0 695 21.0 79.0 0.0 638 18.8 81.3 0.0 656

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 3 100.0 0.0 0.0 8 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 100.0 0.0 0.0 8

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.0 15.9 84.1 0.0 1,120

2009
0.0 13.2 86.8 0.0 1,236

2010
0.0 11.2 88.8 0.0 1,217

2011
0.0 15.0 85.0 0.0 1,209

SOUTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 314

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 133.0 82.0

2009
133.3 80.5

2010
125.3 80.6

2011
129.9 84.4

3.9

4.1

3.0

2.5

46.8 15.3

59.2 14.7

47.0 16.8

41.5 15.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 69.3 27.6 31.4 21.1

2009
49.4 31.3 30.5 21.0

2010
59.7 32.6 29.1 19.2

2011
77.3 34.7 29.3 22.3

3.5

3.8

11.6

7.6

25.9

34.3

35.0

35.4

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 85.3 24.9 82.2

2009
74.4 25.3 84.2

2010
94.9 24.3 84.2

2011
66.3 24.6 88.9

62.8

59.3

54.0

59.5

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 83.2 83.4 53.2 19.6

2009
84.9 84.2 55.7 19.3

2010
87.4 86.1 56.6 21.2

2011
85.2 83.4 60.3 19.2

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

SOUTH DAKOTA | OUTCOMES DATA | 315

Tennessee

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
11,586 4.1 7,151 1,046

2009
9,186 4.0 6,691 1,001

2010
9,066 4.2 6,644 972

2011
9,629 4.4 7,696 772

1,491,242 1,493,252 1,494,958 1,492,136 0.2 1.4 20.2 <.1 6.7 69.2 2.2 21.8 0.2 1.5 20.0 <.1 7.2 68.7 2.3 23.9 0.2 1.6 20.1 <.1 7.3 67.8 3.0 25.7 0.2 1.6 19.9 <.1 7.7 67.5 3.1 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 90 10,411 11,529 82 58,362 71,565

2009
91 10,465 11,528 81 58,372 71,928

2010
86 9,909 11,543 71 44,387 62,346

2011
79 8,645 11,012 71 38,166 53,849

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 99,918 11,586 55

2008

Rate

Number
90,857 9,186 46

2009

Rate

Number
95,541 9,066 38

2010

Rate

Number
94,320 9,629 29

2011

Rate

67.0 per 1,000 7.8 per 1,000 3.7 per 100,000

60.8 per 1,000 6.2 per 1,000 3.1 per 100,000

63.9 per 1,000 6.1 per 1,000 2.5 per 100,000

63.2 per 1,000 6.5 per 1,000 1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.6 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 3.0 <.1 0.2 11,586

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
17.6 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 3.2 <.1 <.1 9,186

2010
16.2 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 5.7 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.4 3.5 <.1 0.4 9,066

2011
15.9 5.8 5.6 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.2 5.3 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 2.9 <.1 1.5 9,629 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 0.2 30.7 <.1 4.1 58.1 0.0 6.7 11,586

2009
<.1 <.1 22.9 <.1 3.3 47.7 0.0 25.8 9,186

2010
0.2 0.3 25.9 <.1 4.2 62.8 0.0 6.7 9,066

2011
<.1 <.1 12.2 <.1 2.8 47.1 1.4 36.3 9,629

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
TENNESSEE | CONTEXT DATA | 316

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.0 2.6 49.2 23.8 31.2 0.0 0.0 11,586

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
2.4 1.2 55.3 16.7 29.1 0.0 0.0 9,066

2009
2.3 2.8 56.7 14.7 30.0 0.0 0.0 9,186

2011
2.8 1.8 61.1 14.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 9,629 Mean Median

2008
9.2 <24

2009
5.0 >48 but<72

2010
0.0 <24

2011
76.2 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,531 10.1 7,008 10.3 6,511 8.9 6,535 8.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,076 N/A 5,901 N/A 6,221 N/A 6,525 N/A

2008
6,456 10.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6,218 10.4 6,088 8.8 5,364 9.7

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,151 10.2 6,691 8.8 6,644 8.4 7,696 8.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 4.9 5.7 5.4 4.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.3 4.4 5.8 9.1 13.0 14.9 3.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 4.6 5.8 4.9 4.8 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.2 5.9 9.0 12.9 15.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 6.1 5.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.9 6.1 8.2 12.7 15.9 2.7 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.8 6.2 5.0 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.5 5.1 8.5 11.1 14.2 2.9 <.1 <.1 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

10.9 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.1 4.9 7.4 11.2 14.0 13.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 4.9 4.7 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 4.1 7.0 10.3 15.2 13.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 5.7 5.1 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.6 5.0 6.0 9.4 11.6 12.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 5.9 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 4.3 6.1 8.3 10.9 11.2 0.4 0.0 <.1 <.1

2008
4.3 5.1 5.4 4.5 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.4 3.3 4.2 6.8 9.6 16.7 13.4 1.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.8 5.2 5.0 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.9 4.0 6.4 10.1 13.9 16.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 4.9 6.0 5.6 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.5 6.2 8.7 18.1 10.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 4.7 6.1 5.3 5.0 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.1 8.2 18.8 9.4 0.5 0.0 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.6 5.7 4.9 4.8 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.1 6.2 9.2 13.2 15.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 5.9 5.4 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.9 6.3 8.6 13.0 15.6 2.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.1 5.0 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 4.6 5.2 8.9 11.4 13.9 2.6 <.1 <.1 <.1 6.4 6.5 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.8 4.1 5.6 7.3 10.6 12.3 3.0 0.2 <.1 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.2 29.4 <.1 4.3 61.3 2.8 1.9 0.0 <.1 0.2 27.6 <.1 4.2 62.7 2.9 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 29.2 <.1 5.7 61.1 0.9 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.2 26.5 <.1 5.2 64.3 0.0 3.5 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.1 26.4 <.1 4.5 63.6 2.5 2.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 30.6 <.1 5.8 58.1 2.2 2.8 0.0 <.1 0.3 27.8 0.1 5.1 61.4 0.2 4.8 0.0 0.2 0.2 22.2 <.1 4.4 57.8 0.0 15.2 0.0

2008
0.2 0.2 28.5 <.1 4.7 61.6 2.6 2.2 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.2 29.5 <.1 4.3 60.7 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 31.1 <.1 5.7 58.2 1.2 3.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 25.2 <.1 4.5 61.1 0.0 8.6 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.2 27.6 <.1 4.1 63.0 2.8 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 28.5 <.1 5.6 60.5 2.6 2.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 26.2 <.1 5.2 64.1 <.1 4.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 23.8 <.1 4.9 61.0 0.0 9.9 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

TENNESSEE | CONTEXT DATA | 317

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children
whose parents rights have been terminated
1,473 764

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,326 751

2010
1,692 562

2011
2,014 484
Total children adopted

2008
1,046

2009
1,001

2010
972

2011
772

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.2 5.2 3.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5 6.0 8.1 11.7 12.6

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.5 6.1 6.8 6.7 5.3 4.7 5.0 4.5 3.6 4.0 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.7 5.4 7.4 9.5 9.4

2009
1.5 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.4 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.7 5.1 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 6.6 8.4 11.2 12.7

2011
5.6 8.3 7.2 6.4 6.9 5.5 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.8 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.8 7.6 6.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.7 9.4 11.8 8.6 7.5 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.7 5.1 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.3 5.2 5.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

2009
2.5 10.5 10.7 9.1 8.0 7.2 6.6 6.7 4.6 5.3 4.6 4.4 3.7 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.9 4.3 0.5 0.0 0.0

2010
2.3 11.2 9.8 7.3 8.5 7.6 5.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 4.9 3.4 4.3 4.9 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.1 0.4 0.0 0.0

2011
3.6 11.7 11.0 8.4 7.9 7.5 5.2 5.7 3.2 4.9 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.8 3.8 3.5 4.8 3.8 0.6 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.3 30.8 0.0 4.8 59.0 2.8 2.2 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 26.6 0.0 5.6 62.2 3.2 2.2 0.0

2009
<.1 0.2 26.8 0.0 4.6 63.0 3.7 1.6 0.0

2010
0.4 0.1 22.8 0.0 5.7 68.1 0.0 2.9 0.0

2011
0.2 0.0 18.1 0.0 6.2 69.4 0.0 6.1 0.0

2009
0.3 <.1 21.8 0.0 5.4 66.2 3.3 2.9 0.0

2010
0.1 0.2 17.8 0.1 6.5 70.0 4.2 1.1 0.0

2011
0.1 0.1 16.7 0.0 6.0 70.3 4.1 2.6 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

TENNESSEE | CONTEXT DATA | 318

Tennessee

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.4 4.6 5,173

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.52 99.48 13,607

2009
96.8 3.2 4,388

2010
96.7 3.3 4,430

2011
97.0 3.0 4,566

2009
0.42 99.58 12,909

2010
<.1 99.96 12,732

2011
0.11 99.89 13,060

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.2 2.4 69.1 12.3 0.0 6,456

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
14.5 2.9 70.2 12.0 0.4 5,364 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
16.1 2.3 70.2 11.4 0.0 6,218

2010
16.0 1.6 71.6 10.8 <.1 6,088

2008
29.9 5.1 35.5 29.6 0.0 335

2009
26.4 3.6 40.9 29.0 0.0 276

2010
13.3 2.6 62.2 21.7 0.2 608

2011
16.7 2.5 55.7 24.6 0.4 711

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 3.2 1.8 72.6 22.4 0.0 3,153

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 8.7 91.3 0.0 678

2009
2.7 1.6 75.1 20.5 0.0 3,061

2010
3.0 0.7 75.0 21.2 <.1 2,854

2011
3.0 1.4 71.0 24.3 0.3 2,421

2009
10.2 89.8 0.0 587

2010
6.3 93.7 0.0 556

2011
5.3 94.7 0.0 508

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.1 0.0 81.8 9.1 0.0 11

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

50.0 0.0 33.3 16.7 0.0 6 8.3 0.0 83.3 8.3 0.0 12 25.0 16.7 50.0 8.3 0.0 12

2008
10.0 0.0 70.0 20.0 0.0 10

Asian 2009 2010

7.7 0.0 69.2 23.1 0.0 13 12.5 0.0 75.0 12.5 0.0 16

Black 2011
7.7 7.7 76.9 7.7 0.0 13

2008
15.1 3.2 66.8 14.9 0.0 1,841

2009
11.9 3.3 71.4 13.4 0.0 1,834

2010
9.8 1.6 76.8 11.8 0.1 1,896

2011
10.5 4.4 68.9 15.7 0.5 1,352

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 60.0 40.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 6 20.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
19.5 0.7 68.6 11.2 0.0 303

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

20.2 1.1 70.4 8.2 0.0 267 18.3 2.0 70.1 9.3 0.3 344

2011
18.9 1.2 69.3 10.7 0.0 244

2008
16.4 2.2 70.1 11.3 0.0 3,976

White 2009 2010

17.6 2.1 69.4 11.0 0.0 3,777 19.3 1.6 68.4 10.7 0.0 3,543

2011
17.0 2.7 68.5 11.4 0.5 3,276

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.0 2.1 72.2 9.7 0.0 144

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

18.5 0.6 75.8 5.1 0.0 157 5.5 1.0 83.0 10.5 0.0 200

2011
6.0 1.1 86.4 6.5 0.0 463

2008
19.9 3.6 68.1 8.4 0.0 166

Two or More Races 2009 2010

20.9 1.3 69.6 8.2 0.0 158 33.3 1.4 61.1 4.2 0.0 72

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

TENNESSEE | OUTCOMES DATA | 319

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 70.8 21.8 5.0 1.3 1.1 0.0 4,462

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
70.8 22.0 4.4 1.2 1.5 0.0 4,364

2010
76.7 17.5 3.9 1.2 0.7 0.0 4,358

2011
74.6 18.8 4.4 1.6 0.6 0.0 3,763 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
80.0 10.8 9.2 0.0 6,076

2009
80.2 10.6 9.2 0.0 5,901

2010
81.7 9.3 9.0 <.1 6,221

2011
83.4 7.8 8.7 0.1 6,525

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 7.5 29.5 30.2 16.2 16.6 0.0 1,046

2009
8.0 33.1 33.2 12.3 13.5 0.0 1,001

2010
6.3 38.2 30.1 16.3 9.2 0.0 972

2011
7.0 40.3 29.8 12.8 10.2 0.0 776

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 79.1 20.6 0.3 7,580 79.8 19.7 0.5 7,389 77.2 22.6 0.2 7,724 82.4 17.3 0.4 7,907

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
53.8 46.2 0.0 3,322 54.8 45.2 0.0 3,101 52.0 48.0 0.0 2,875 59.0 41.0 0.0 3,111

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

34.0 66.0 0.0 2,705 35.8 64.2 0.0 2,419 34.0 66.0 0.0 2,128 33.3 66.7 0.0 2,042

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.3 1.4 98.3 0.0 2,924

2009
0.3 2.0 97.8 0.0 2,905

2010
0.4 1.0 98.7 0.0 3,430

2011
0.6 1.4 98.0 0.0 3,808

TENNESSEE | OUTCOMES DATA | 320

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 123.0 73.0

2009
123.5 72.6

2010
128.2 78.2

2011
129.4 77.0

7.1

7.4

6.5

6.8

53.6 13.4

55.2 13.0

56.4 13.5

49.5 11.8

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 160.0 37.0 28.2 36.6

2009
155.9 41.1 26.7 36.0

2010
157.3 44.4 25.3 37.1

2011
146.4 47.3 24.6 31.8

25.0

23.3

20.9

12.9

74.8

71.4

73.3

77.2

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 159.0 43.2 92.0

2009
157.3 44.1 91.5

2010
161.2 45.1 91.1

2011
152.6 38.1 91.7

16.2

15.0

13.5

12.2

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 87.7 78.3 55.0 35.0

2009
89.3 79.1 55.7 36.8

2010
84.4 75.8 52.9 34.6

2011
92.2 81.7 59.8 34.0

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

TENNESSEE | OUTCOMES DATA | 321

Texas

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
70,976 2.0 28,007 4,526

2009
69,169 1.8 26,503 4,976

2010
67,269 2.3 28,860 4,709

2011
65,740 2.4 30,189 4,626

6,765,835 6,895,969 6,879,384 6,960,738 0.3 3.1 11.6 <.1 46.4 36.7 1.8 22.5 0.3 3.2 11.4 <.1 47.1 36.0 1.9 24.4 0.3 3.4 11.8 <.1 48.5 33.8 2.0 25.7 0.3 3.5 11.7 <.1 48.9 33.4 2.2 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 61 255 421 77 1,369 1,774

2009
77 324 421 81 1,906 2,349

2010
81 343 421 80 2,114 2,639

2011
91 383 421 78 2,390 3,046

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 288,034 70,976 223

2008

Rate

Number
292,109 69,169 279

2009

Rate

Number
297,188 67,269 222

2010

Rate

Number
302,621 65,740 246

2011

Rate

42.6 per 1,000 10.5 per 1,000 3.3 per 100,000

42.4 per 1,000 10.0 per 1,000 4.0 per 100,000

43.2 per 1,000 9.8 per 1,000 3.2 per 100,000

43.5 per 1,000 9.4 per 1,000 3.5 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 13.9 8.7 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.8 6.3 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.6 1.1 <.1 0.3 70,976

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.6 9.0 8.6 7.6 7.3 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.5 1.1 <.1 0.3 69,169

2010
14.1 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.3 6.8 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 1.2 <.1 0.3 67,269

2011
14.7 8.6 8.2 8.0 7.5 6.8 6.1 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.5 1.1 <.1 0.4 65,740 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.1 0.3 16.6 <.1 45.6 31.6 2.8 2.9 70,976

2009
0.1 0.4 17.1 <.1 45.9 31.1 2.9 2.4 69,169

2010
<.1 0.4 16.4 <.1 46.1 31.5 3.2 2.2 67,269

2011
<.1 0.3 16.1 <.1 47.4 30.5 3.1 2.5 65,740

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
TEXAS | CONTEXT DATA | 322

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.0 3.1 77.7 20.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 70,976

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.9 2.8 79.7 20.3 9.0 0.0 0.0 67,269

2009
1.0 3.2 78.5 20.5 9.1 <.1 0.0 69,169

2011
0.8 2.6 80.2 19.1 9.5 0.0 0.0 65,740 Mean Median

2008
58.5 >24 but<48

2009
57.6 >48 but<72

2010
69.9 >48 but<72

2011
76.8 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 30,110 14.0 28,091 15.6 26,591 15.0 28,980 12.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13,464 N/A 12,574 N/A 15,888 N/A 16,746 N/A

2008
15,567 16.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

14,162 17.6 13,619 17.6 15,537 15.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

28,007 15.7 26,503 15.1 28,860 12.0 30,189 12.2

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 7.5 9.2 7.8 6.8 6.0 6.0 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.6 5.3 5.7 5.2 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.1 9.4 8.0 6.6 6.3 5.5 5.6 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.6 <.1 0.0 <.1 0.0 7.1 9.3 8.2 6.8 5.9 5.7 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 7.2 9.8 8.5 7.5 6.5 5.8 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.1 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

22.5 10.1 8.1 7.6 6.2 5.9 5.2 4.6 4.0 3.9 3.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.5 0.9 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 21.9 10.2 9.0 7.0 6.2 5.4 5.3 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 10.3 9.3 7.9 6.8 5.7 5.1 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 10.1 8.5 8.0 7.0 6.1 5.2 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.0 11.1 10.7 8.5 7.2 6.9 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 5.9 5.7 <.1 <.1 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.3 11.2 11.6 8.6 7.7 6.2 6.1 5.3 4.9 4.1 3.9 3.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 10.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 3.4 10.5 11.1 9.1 6.8 6.2 5.8 5.4 4.6 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 8.7 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 11.3 10.9 9.3 8.0 6.6 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.3 8.5 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.9 9.4 8.0 6.7 6.4 5.5 5.6 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.7 5.6 <.1 <.1 <.1 0.0 6.9 9.2 8.2 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.8 0.0 <.1 0.0 <.1 7.2 9.9 8.6 7.6 6.5 5.8 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 9.4 8.7 7.8 6.9 6.2 5.5 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.9 4.7 0.5 0.1 <.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.3 23.5 <.1 40.9 30.1 3.8 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 24.2 <.1 41.2 29.0 4.2 1.0 <.1 0.2 0.2 25.0 <.1 41.1 28.5 4.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 24.3 <.1 40.8 29.2 4.2 1.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.2 0.2 19.8 <.1 40.4 33.4 3.9 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 22.7 <.1 40.0 31.4 4.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 21.6 <.1 40.2 31.9 3.9 1.8 0.0 <.1 0.3 19.8 <.1 43.9 29.9 4.2 1.8 <.1

2008
0.2 0.3 19.3 <.1 41.0 33.9 3.6 1.7 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 21.6 <.1 40.4 31.9 4.3 1.4 <.1 0.1 0.3 22.7 <.1 41.2 30.3 4.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 20.6 <.1 42.2 31.1 4.3 1.3 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.1 0.2 24.1 <.1 40.6 29.6 3.9 1.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 24.9 <.1 41.1 28.6 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 24.3 <.1 40.6 29.5 4.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 23.7 <.1 41.8 28.5 4.2 1.3 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
13,374 9,919

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
12,784 9,314

2010
13,083 8,771

2011
13,418 8,995 Total children adopted

2008
4,526

2009
4,976

2010
4,709

2011
4,626

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 4.3 9.7 8.9 6.9 6.8 5.9 6.3 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 3.9 2.3

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.9 9.5 8.4 7.6 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.5 4.3 2.3

2009
4.3 9.2 8.2 7.2 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.3 3.7 2.4

2011
4.9 9.6 9.0 7.6 7.1 6.0 5.5 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.0 3.9 2.5 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.8 13.5 16.4 11.4 9.4 8.3 6.4 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.7 <.1 0.0 0.0

2009
1.8 12.0 16.8 11.0 9.1 7.5 7.2 6.3 5.8 4.2 4.2 3.7 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0

2010
1.5 10.7 16.1 11.5 8.2 7.8 7.1 6.6 5.6 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.0 <.1 0.0 0.0

2011
1.4 12.6 15.0 11.3 9.3 7.2 6.2 5.4 5.3 4.4 5.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.2 27.4 <.1 39.0 27.6 4.2 1.4 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.1 0.2 17.7 0.0 45.2 30.2 4.5 1.9 0.0

2009
0.2 0.2 28.4 <.1 40.5 25.7 4.1 0.9 0.0

2010
0.2 0.3 28.5 <.1 39.5 26.4 4.1 1.0 0.0

2011
0.2 0.2 29.4 <.1 38.8 26.1 4.3 1.0 0.0

2009
0.1 0.1 22.8 <.1 40.3 29.7 5.4 1.6 0.0

2010
0.2 0.1 22.5 0.0 42.2 28.4 5.4 1.1 0.0

2011
0.2 0.2 21.1 <.1 45.3 27.0 5.2 1.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

TEXAS | CONTEXT DATA | 324

Texas

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 96.2 3.8 33,972

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.36 99.64 43,574

2009
96.3 3.7 32,296

2010
97.2 2.8 32,674

2011
97.1 2.9 29,816

2009
0.20 99.80 40,665

2010
0.10 99.90 42,479

2011
0.19 99.81 45,726

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 28.9 2.0 57.6 11.2 0.4 15,567

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
30.2 2.0 58.5 9.3 0.0 15,537 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
35.0 2.3 50.6 12.1 0.0 14,162

2010
34.3 1.9 51.3 12.5 0.0 13,619

2008
33.3 1.8 43.3 21.3 0.3 4,371

2009
38.3 1.9 36.2 23.6 0.0 4,201

2010
37.7 1.8 37.5 23.0 0.0 3,922

2011

37.6
2.0
41.1
19.2
0.0
4,204

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 4.0 2.4 43.1 49.6 0.9 2,087

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 40.1 59.9 0.0 1,504

2009
5.1 2.1 36.9 55.8 0.0 1,771

2010
5.2 1.3 38.5 55.0 0.0 1,837

2011
6.3 1.7 45.2 46.9 0.0 1,871

2009
41.5 58.5 0.0 1,522

2010
40.3 59.7 0.0 1,533

2011
38.0 62.0 0.0 1,283

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 19.4 0.0 54.8 25.8 0.0 31

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

33.3 0.0 46.7 20.0 0.0 15 55.0 0.0 30.0 15.0 0.0 20 36.8 5.3 42.1 15.8 0.0 19

2008
23.5 3.9 47.1 21.6 3.9 51

Asian 2009 2010

16.7 6.7 56.7 20.0 0.0 30 12.8 0.0 69.2 17.9 0.0 39

Black 2011
17.6 2.0 72.5 7.8 0.0 51

2008
26.6 2.0 55.7 15.1 0.6 3,003

2009
37.1 2.9 45.4 14.6 0.0 3,061

2010
33.8 2.3 48.5 15.4 0.0 3,085

2011
31.2 2.1 55.4 11.3 0.0 3,205

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 71.4 28.6 0.0 7 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 8

2008
31.8 2.0 56.3 9.5 0.4 6,382

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

34.9 1.9 52.4 10.8 0.0 5,721 35.1 1.6 51.9 11.4 0.0 5,614

2011
32.3 1.6 57.8 8.2 0.0 6,557

2008
25.7 1.9 60.6 11.5 0.3 5,271

White 2009 2010

32.6 2.3 52.4 12.7 0.0 4,524 32.3 2.0 53.0 12.7 0.0 4,124

2011
26.1 2.2 61.9 9.8 0.0 4,836

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 32.6 3.0 60.2 4.2 0.0 264

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

39.5 2.5 52.5 5.5 0.0 200 32.1 3.0 60.6 4.2 0.0 165

2011
24.2 2.5 71.2 2.0 0.0 198

2008
36.1 3.0 53.3 7.6 0.0 563

Two or More Races 2009 2010

44.4 3.2 45.2 7.3 0.0 602 44.6 1.4 46.5 7.4 0.0 565

2011
37.0 2.4 51.8 8.8 0.0 662

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 52.5 39.7 4.6 1.8 1.4 <.1 8,960

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
49.0 43.1 4.4 1.9 1.5 0.0 7,169

2010
53.5 37.4 4.2 2.7 2.2 0.0 6,993

2011
51.6 43.2 2.4 1.4 1.3 <.1 9,094 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within
12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
90.3 3.6 5.1 0.9 13,464

2009
90.3 2.9 5.9 0.9 12,574

2010
90.5 2.9 6.0 0.7 15,888

2011
85.6
2.8 6.2 5.4 16,746

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.6 40.3 32.9 13.4 9.7 0.0 4,492

2009
3.4 36.6 35.4 14.4 10.3 0.0 4,961

2010
3.0 35.4 34.4 13.5 13.8 0.0 4,669

2011
3.6 42.6 28.7 12.0 13.1 0.0 4,696

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 80.1 19.9 0.0 82.0 18.0 0.0 84.3 15.7 0.0 83.5 16.5 0.0

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
54.3 45.7 0.0 54.3 45.7 0.0 56.6 43.4 0.0 57.2 42.8 0.0

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

22.1 77.9 0.0 22.0 78.0 0.0 21.0 79.0 0.0 21.4 78.6 0.0

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

16,755 15,494 18,638 20,179 12,547 11,108 11,024 13,641 14,269 14,063 12,815 11,901

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.2 5.1 89.5 2.1 11,691

2009
3.2 4.5 90.1 2.1 10,849

2010
3.1 4.4 92.3 0.3 13,893

2011
3.7 4.0 92.1 0.2 14,659

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 115.3 60.8

2009
115.5 59.2

2010
114.3 62.0

2011
116.3 62.0

10.8

11.2

10.8

11.0

31.9 4.5

37.8 4.0

30.0 5.2

32.3 5.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 99.7 43.9 25.7 23.1

2009
104.1 39.9 26.5 26.2

2010
112.3 38.3 26.9 28.1

2011
113.5 46.2 25.0 27.5

5.0

7.7

8.7

8.5

37.8

41.0

44.4

43.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 94.5 23.5 88.7

2009
95.7 25.4 89.5

2010
97.2 27.9 88.1

2011
102.5 26.7 90.5

65.1

67.1

65.8

60.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 84.0 79.9 54.3 22.1

2009
85.0 81.5 54.3 22.0

2010
87.5 84.0 56.7 21.0

2011
87.2 83.2 57.1 21.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

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Utah

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 850,682 1.3 1.6 1.5 0.9 15.9 76.1 2.7 10.5

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
871,474 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.1 16.6 75.6 3.1 15.7

2009
868,824 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.9 16.3 75.5 2.8 12.2

2011
880,309 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 16.9 75.1 3.2 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
13,179 2.4 2,688 536

2009
13,693 2.4 2,754 502

2010
13,712 2.5 2,885 574

2011
11,257 2.3 2,711 576

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 95 2,496 2,617 100

2009
96 3,736 3,891 100 24,117 24,117

2010
94 3,819 4,055 100 23,859 23,859

2011
93 3,864 4,161 99 23,813 23,971

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 31,382 13,179 15

2008

Rate

Number
32,517 13,693 8

2009

Rate

Number
32,299 13,712 13

2010

Rate

Number
29,655 11,257 11

2011

Rate

36.9 per 1,000 15.5 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

37.4 per 1,000 15.8 per 1,000 0.9 per 100,000

37.1 per 1,000 15.7 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

33.7 per 1,000 12.8 per 1,000 1.2 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 8.9 7.3 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.3 5.8 5.1 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.1 2.8 <.1 0.1 13,179

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
8.5 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.3 2.9 <.1 <.1 13,693

2010
8.8 7.2 6.9 7.0 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.8 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.0 3.0 <.1 <.1 13,712

2011
7.7 7.0 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.5 5.6 5.3 4.6 4.2 2.9 <.1 <.1 11,257 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
2.4 0.7 3.2 1.3 23.8 66.4 1.7 0.6 13,179

2009
2.1 0.6 2.8 1.4 23.0 67.3 1.9 0.9 13,693

2010
1.9 0.7 3.0 1.7 22.9 67.8 1.5 0.4 13,712

2011
1.7 0.6 2.6 1.7 22.4 68.2 1.8 1.0 11,257

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
UTAH | CONTEXT DATA | 328

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 45.8 0.3 20.1 12.9 17.1 0.0 20.6 13,179

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
48.3 0.3 20.2 12.4 14.9 0.0 22.2 13,712

2009
47.7 0.3 19.5 12.1 16.5 0.0 20.4 13,693

2011
44.3 0.2 21.1 13.7 14.5 0.0 24.8 11,257 Mean Median

2008
106.4 >72 but<96

2009
98.2 >72 but<96

2010
95.8 >72 but<96

2011
98.9 >72 but<96

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 2,698 10.0 2,669 10.1 2,705 10.4 2,830 9.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,015 N/A 2,047 N/A 2,211 N/A 2,021 N/A

2008
2,025 11.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,962 11.0 2,031 11.3 2,140 11.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,688 10.2 2,754 10.5 2,885 9.7 2,711 10.4

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 6.4 5.4 5.0 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.3 5.6 6.6 9.3 10.6 10.5 4.4 1.2 0.2 0.0 5.6 5.1 4.6 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.4 4.3 4.8 7.2 8.8 10.8 10.8 5.4 0.8 0.3 0.0 5.0 6.5 4.6 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.7 5.4 6.0 9.1 10.3 11.2 6.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 5.6 5.9 5.1 4.8 4.2 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.4 4.6 6.6 8.6 10.2 9.9 5.8 1.8 0.4 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.6 6.9 6.1 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.6 3.2 3.8 2.8 3.3 4.6 4.8 6.7 7.8 7.5 4.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 7.6 6.8 5.9 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.8 2.4 3.1 4.4 4.8 5.9 7.2 8.5 5.9 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.0 14.2 8.0 7.5 6.4 5.4 4.7 4.2 4.2 3.5 2.8 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.7 6.3 7.7 6.6 4.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 6.8 7.0 6.8 5.9 4.2 4.6 4.0 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.9 5.7 6.2 6.9 7.1 5.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1

2008
6.2 9.2 7.7 6.5 5.0 4.8 4.0 4.0 3.3 4.3 2.6 3.5 2.3 2.9 3.9 5.7 5.4 5.3 10.8 1.9 0.7 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.8 8.7 7.0 6.2 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.7 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.1 3.0 3.6 4.8 5.8 6.5 10.2 2.2 0.6 0.1 6.0 9.2 7.5 6.9 5.6 5.2 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.2 5.1 5.5 5.8 10.6 3.1 0.5 0.0 5.7 8.8 7.4 7.5 6.0 4.8 3.4 3.9 4.1 3.3 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.6 5.1 5.2 5.1 10.6 2.6 1.0 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.7 4.9 4.5 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 4.2 4.9 7.4 8.9 10.8 10.8 5.4 0.8 0.3 0.0 5.1 6.3 4.5 4.1 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.8 5.3 6.1 9.2 10.6 11.1 6.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 5.6 5.9 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.3 4.8 6.4 8.6 10.2 9.7 5.7 1.8 0.4 0.0 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.9 7.3 7.7 10.4 11.3 5.5 1.5 0.5 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 4.4 0.5 4.1 0.6 24.5 62.3 3.2 0.4 0.0 4.0 0.5 5.0 0.5 23.7 62.4 2.7 1.2 0.0 3.9 0.6 5.1 0.7 23.3 63.9 2.6 <.1 0.0 3.3 0.5 5.3 0.9 24.2 62.8 2.9 0.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.5 0.9 5.4 0.2 26.5 60.3 2.5 0.5 0.1 3.7 0.4 4.6 0.7 25.4 62.3 2.4 0.4 0.0 2.3 0.3 4.6 0.9 26.6 62.9 2.3 0.2 0.0 3.2 0.5 2.7 0.9 24.4 66.2 2.0 0.1 0.0

2008
3.9 0.8 4.0 0.4 27.6 59.9 3.1 0.3 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.9 0.5 4.8 0.6 25.4 61.3 2.6 1.0 0.0 2.7 0.5 4.3 0.6 25.8 63.8 2.3 <.1 0.0 2.9 0.4 3.3 0.8 26.7 62.4 3.3 0.2 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.1 0.6 5.1 0.4 23.7 62.7 2.8 0.6 <.1 3.8 0.5 4.9 0.6 23.7 63.1 2.6 0.8 0.0 3.5 0.4 5.2 0.9 24.2 63.2 2.5 0.2 0.0 3.6 0.5 4.9 1.0 22.4 65.6 1.9 0.1 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

UTAH | CONTEXT DATA | 329

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
548 360

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
564 338

2010
555 311

2011
566 339 Total children adopted

2008
536

2009
502

2010
574

2011
576

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 5.1 9.9 6.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.2 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.7 5.7 4.6 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.4

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
6.7 7.0 5.9 5.2 5.2 5.6 3.8 6.1 4.3 5.0 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.4 5.0 6.8 5.9 4.1

2009
6.7 9.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.4 5.7 3.4 6.7 6.2 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.5 6.0 4.4 3.7

2011
6.4 6.0 6.0 4.4 6.2 5.8 4.6 4.9 6.0 4.2 4.2 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.2 6.7 6.2 4.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
8.6 19.6 12.9 10.4 7.6 7.3 6.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 3.5 2.6 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

2009
7.2 17.9 12.4 10.8 10.8 7.0 6.0 7.6 4.6 3.2 3.0 1.8 2.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

2010
8.7 18.8 12.5 10.5 7.7 7.8 4.9 6.3 4.7 4.2 3.5 2.1 1.4 2.1 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

2011
10.8 16.7 11.1 12.0 9.0 7.5 4.2 5.2 5.2 3.1 4.0 3.0 1.9 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.5 0.7 5.3 0.7 27.2 62.2 2.4 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.9 0.0 3.7 0.6 31.7 58.8 3.4 0.0 0.0

2009
0.4 0.7 5.0 0.7 25.2 65.4 2.7 0.0 0.0

2010
3.1 0.7 5.8 1.1 27.0 59.1 3.1 0.2 0.0

2011
2.3 1.6 6.9 1.1 22.6 62.9 2.7 0.0 0.0

2009
1.6 0.2 3.4 1.0 30.9 60.0 3.0 0.0 0.0

2010
0.3 0.7 3.0 0.0 24.6 68.5 3.0 0.0 0.0

2011
3.0 0.5 3.5 0.5 29.5 58.9 4.0 0.2 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

UTAH | CONTEXT DATA | 330

Utah

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.9 6.1 6,405

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.45 99.55 4,713

2009
92.3 7.7 6,635

2010
93.1 6.9 6,421

2011
94.4 5.6 5,761

2009
0.55 99.45 4,716

2010
0.55 99.45 4,916

2011
0.39 99.61 4,851

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 24.5 8.6 49.8 17.1 0.0 2,025

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
24.8 8.2 51.1 15.7 0.3 2,140 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
24.2 8.8 52.2 14.8 0.0 1,962

2010
27.0 8.4 49.3 15.2 <.1 2,031

2008
24.1 10.5 40.9 24.5 0.0 1,195

2009
24.7 9.5 43.9 22.0 0.0 1,174

2010
25.3 9.6 41.0 24.1 0.0 1,172

2011
23.4
8.2
43.5
24.9
0.0
1,207

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.1 8.5 42.9 47.5 0.0 623

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 14.3 85.7 0.0 224

2009
1.3 9.3 49.1 40.3 0.0 615

2010
1.9 9.7 46.2 42.2 0.0 619

2011
1.9 6.2 48.3 43.3 0.3 646

2009
13.0 87.0 0.0 193

2010
14.7 85.3 0.0 204

2011
14.4 85.6 0.0 215

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 10.1 12.7 50.6 26.6 0.0 79

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

11.7 14.3 49.4 24.7 0.0 77 3.6 18.2 54.5 23.6 0.0 55 26.2 8.2 39.3 26.2 0.0 61

2008
0.0 0.0 94.1 5.9 0.0 17

Asian 2009 2010

11.1 11.1 55.6 22.2 0.0 9 40.0 0.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 10

Black 2011
33.3 0.0 44.4 22.2 0.0 9

2008
22.5 2.5 57.5 17.5 0.0 80

2009
16.0 8.5 67.0 8.5 0.0 94

2010
15.9 3.4 53.4 25.0 2.3 88

2011
27.1 17.1 34.3 21.4 0.0 70

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 22.2 11.1 44.4 22.2 0.0 9 27.3 9.1 45.5 18.2 0.0 11 0.0 8.3 66.7 25.0 0.0 12 17.6 11.8 35.3 35.3 0.0 17

2008
28.3 7.3 51.4 12.9 0.0 558

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

29.7 9.4 47.8 13.1 0.0 498 26.6 11.5 48.4 13.6 0.0 523

2011
27.6 6.5 50.5 15.4 0.0 572

2008
24.2 9.6 47.6 18.6 0.0 1,212

White 2009 2010

23.5 8.0 53.7 14.7 0.0 1,202 28.8 7.3 48.8 15.1 0.0 1,295

2011
23.1 8.1 53.4 15.0 0.3 1,336

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 6

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 25.0 30.0 45.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2011
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
27.4 8.1 51.6 12.9 0.0 62

Two or More Races 2009 2010

29.4 7.8 47.1 15.7 0.0 51 34.0 6.4 55.3 4.3 0.0 47

2011
29.6 14.1 43.7 9.9 2.8 71

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 74.0 21.5 3.3 0.3 0.9 0.0 1,008

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
74.7 20.5 2.3 0.9 1.6 0.0 1,025

2010
74.4 20.9 3.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 1,001

2011
69.8 25.8 2.0 1.5 0.8 <.1 1,093 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
85.5 7.2 7.2 <.1 2,015

2009
83.1 7.3 9.1 0.4 2,047

2010
87.2 5.7 7.0 <.1 2,211

2011
83.5 6.7 9.3 0.5 2,021

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 32.7 52.0 10.9 1.6 2.8 0.0 496

2009
28.3 52.1 15.4 2.1 2.1 0.0 474

2010
32.8 53.3 7.8 3.8 2.2 0.0 548

2011
39.8 45.5 9.2 1.5 4.0 0.0 530

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 74.3 25.2 0.5 2,584 77.2 21.4 1.4 2,614 79.9 17.7 2.4 2,758 79.9 17.9 2.2 2,677

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
42.9 57.1 0.0 1,169 41.2 58.8 0.0 1,117 44.1 55.3 0.6 1,177 50.0 49.5 0.5 1,176

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

15.9 84.1 0.0 958 17.0 83.0 0.0 983 13.6 86.4 0.0 979 12.1 87.9 0.0 993

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 5

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.6 3.5 95.9 0.0 1,354

2009
0.4 2.4 97.1 0.0 1,362

2010
0.5 1.5 98.0 0.0 1,550

2011
1.0 1.4 97.7 0.0 1,368

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 118.1 75.8

2009
118.5 76.4

2010
123.1 77.7

2011
123.5 77.1

7.7

7.6

7.5

8.6

35.8 14.3

41.4 14.4

35.6 11.7

40.8 11.4

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 159.0 84.7 14.7 13.8

2009
147.6 80.5 16.2 15.0

2010
155.8 86.1 14.4 14.9

2011
149.8 85.6 14.3 13.1

5.5

3.8

3.2

2.4

81.1

80.7

82.3

80.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 120.1 12.7 96.9

2009
115.7 13.7 96.9

2010
119.9 13.5 98.7

2011
118.9 14.0 97.8

27.3

34.4

32.3

32.4

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 71.9 73.4 43.8 15.9

2009
74.2 77.0 41.8 17.2

2010
77.9 80.9 45.3 14.9

2011
79.4 81.0 51.1 12.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

UTAH | OUTCOMES DATA | 333

Utah

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Brent Platt, MSW, Director
Division of Child and Family Services
Department of Human Services

The following are Utahs comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Utah utilizes SACWIS system data and Case Reviews regularly to evaluate performance outcomes and services to children and families. For more information on Utahs Child and Family Services, as well as our performance and regular reports please visit our website at www.hsdcfs.utah.gov. Below is some information to help in understanding our data. Utah has a law that defines child witnessing, or knowledge of, domestic violence as a type of child abuse. This allegation type is mapped to emotional abuse in NCANDS and accounts for the large percentage of emotional abuse allegations in Utah. Additionally, Utah may have a broader definition of abuse and neglect than is found in some States which results in investigations of incidents that would be unaccepted in other States. These include investigations where the perpetrator is out of the home or unrelated and the child is not currently at risk, dirty houses, alleged juvenile perpetrators, and domestic violence related child abuse. The consequence of Utahs possibly broader legal definitions of abuse is a seemingly higher victimization rate per capita although some changes in the definitions during the last year have resulted in some reductions which can be seen in the most recent years data. In Utah, time to investigation is calculated as the time to the initial face-to-face visit with the alleged child victim. When children have to be placed in protective custody, judges may order custody with DCFS or may order temporary custody with a kinship provider with DCFS supervision and provision of in-home services while working towards reunification. We serve a large number of kinship cases through this intensive service that are not reflected in our AFCARS data. Utah is dedicated to keeping family connections and placing with kinship providers whenever a child cannot remain with their parents. People interested in Utahs utilization of kinship providers will need to contact the State for more information since AFCARS information does not reflect all kinship placements in Utah, thus it is incomplete. If reunification efforts are unsuccessful, children may be adopted by kin providers from these in-home services. Adoptions from in-home services are reflected in our AFCARS adoption file numbers but not in the numbers of children adopted from foster care.

UTAH | STATE COMMENT | 334

Vermont

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 128,637 0.3 1.5 1.6 <.1 2.1 92.2 2.2 13.2

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
128,735 0.3 1.6 1.6 <.1 2.2 91.1 3.1 16.7

2009
126,275 0.3 1.6 1.7 <.1 2.2 91.9 2.3 13.3

2011
126,018 0.3 1.7 1.7 <.1 2.3 90.8 3.2 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
677 5.0 1,214 182

2009
762 4.3 1,078 156

2010
705 4.3 953 161

2011
687 5.2 1,027 134

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 20 365 1,781 58

2009
19 281 1,518 63 946 1,504

2010
27 394 1,434 64 1,538 2,402

2011
38 533 1,387 61 2,036 3,312

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 2,948 677 1

2008

Rate

Number
4,109 762 3

2009

Rate

Number
4,834 705 4

2010

Rate

Number
4,325 687 2

2011

Rate

22.9 per 1,000 5.3 per 1,000 0.8 per 100,000

32.5 per 1,000 6.0 per 1,000 2.4 per 100,000

37.6 per 1,000 5.5 per 1,000 3.1 per 100,000

34.3 per 1,000 5.5 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 5.5 4.6 4.1 6.6 5.3 6.2 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.6 5.6 4.4 6.2 7.7 6.4 6.9 5.6 3.2 0.1 0.0 677

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
6.8 5.4 4.3 5.2 5.9 4.5 5.9 5.8 4.2 5.2 4.7 5.2 6.2 7.1 8.1 8.8 3.4 2.9 0.3 0.0 762

2010
4.1 4.4 3.1 4.8 3.5 4.3 6.0 4.1 6.5 7.0 4.8 5.5 4.5 6.7 10.6 8.1 6.7 5.2 0.0 0.0 705

2011
4.8 6.3 4.1 6.7 6.4 4.9 4.1 4.8 3.6 5.7 5.5 3.9 5.4 5.7 7.6 9.5 5.5 5.4 0.1 0.0 687 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
0.3 0.0 1.9 0.0 1.2 94.7 0.3 1.6 677

2009
0.3 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.4 96.1 0.7 1.7 762

2010
0.0 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.7 94.3 0.3 2.6 705

2011
0.0 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.6 95.1 0.4 2.0 687

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
VERMONT | CONTEXT DATA | 335

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.2 2.7 4.1 46.1 48.4 0.0 0.0 677

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.1 2.7 2.1 34.6 62.6 0.0 0.0 705

2009
1.3 1.8 3.7 47.8 48.3 0.0 0.0 762

2011
0.9 2.8 4.8 42.2 51.8 0.0 0.0 687 Mean Median

2008
110.0 >24 but<48

2009
104.4 >24 but<48

2010
115.9 >24 but<48

2011
79.1 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,281 16.8 1,171 17.0 1,047 16.8 900 16.5

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

642 N/A 549 N/A 552 N/A 661 N/A

2008
710 18.2

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

644 18.5 653 17.8 540 15.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,214 17.4 1,078 16.7 953 16.8 1,027 13.1

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.9 3.5 4.4 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 5.3 7.7 12.3 15.6 13.2 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.8 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.7 2.8 3.2 3.4 4.0 4.2 7.3 11.7 16.3 15.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.9 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.6 2.8 3.2 4.3 4.4 6.1 11.6 13.7 15.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.8 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.7 3.0 2.4 3.3 3.9 3.0 3.9 5.0 7.0 11.0 13.6 13.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

10.7 4.7 3.6 3.7 4.5 3.3 2.5 3.7 2.5 4.4 2.8 3.1 5.5 5.0 10.6 14.2 10.9 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 5.8 6.0 4.9 5.5 5.3 2.4 4.0 2.2 3.1 1.5 3.5 2.7 4.7 9.5 12.4 8.0 4.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 7.1 4.7 4.0 4.9 3.4 5.1 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.9 4.0 6.2 10.1 12.3 6.0 3.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 6.8 7.7 5.7 4.5 3.0 2.0 3.6 1.8 3.6 2.6 3.0 5.4 5.9 8.2 11.5 8.9 4.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 4.9 7.6 7.3 11.5 16.6 1.3 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.5 5.6 6.2 4.5 4.3 6.1 3.9 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.0 3.6 2.3 7.1 7.9 11.8 18.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 4.4 6.7 5.5 3.8 5.7 3.4 4.3 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.0 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.3 6.7 6.3 12.4 15.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 4.4 6.1 9.1 4.8 4.1 4.6 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.1 5.7 6.9 8.3 13.0 9.8 0.6 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.2 4.1 3.0 3.2 3.7 2.7 2.8 2.5 3.5 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.3 7.5 11.1 15.8 15.7 2.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.7 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 3.4 2.9 3.1 4.4 4.4 6.1 11.4 13.9 15.2 4.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 4.0 5.8 3.9 3.7 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.7 2.3 3.3 3.9 3.0 3.6 5.0 6.7 10.9 12.8 13.2 4.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.6 5.2 4.4 4.3 2.3 2.6 3.8 2.3 2.9 3.3 4.0 4.1 5.5 5.7 9.3 13.1 12.0 4.1 1.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 <.1 3.1 0.0 1.0 94.1 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 1.1 95.7 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.0 1.0 95.9 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.2 0.0 1.1 95.6 0.0 0.6 0.3

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 1.2 96.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.0 0.4 96.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.4 2.5 0.0 1.8 94.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.9 95.2 0.0 1.1 0.0

2008
0.0 0.1 3.4 0.0 1.0 94.1 0.0 0.6 0.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.2 3.0 0.0 0.9 95.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 1.2 94.9 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 3.1 0.0 1.1 94.6 0.0 0.7 0.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 1.2 95.6 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.0 <.1 1.8 0.0 0.8 96.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.2 0.0 1.3 95.6 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.8 0.0 1.0 95.7 0.0 0.8 0.2

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VERMONT | CONTEXT DATA | 336

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
225 180

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
233 168

2010
177 137

2011
196 136 Total children adopted

2008
182

2009
156

2010
161

2011
134

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.3 4.9 6.7 5.8 3.6 4.9 5.3 2.7 5.8 5.3 4.9 5.8 4.9 6.7 8.0 8.0 8.9 6.7

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.0 10.2 5.1 5.1 3.4 4.5 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.4 7.3 4.5 4.5 5.6 6.8 6.8 10.2 7.3

2009
3.4 7.7 3.9 3.4 5.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.2 6.4 9.0 6.9 8.2

2011
1.0 7.7 6.6 9.2 3.6 5.6 1.5 3.6 2.6 3.6 5.6 8.7 6.1 7.1 5.6 7.1 5.6 9.2 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
3.8 12.1 10.4 9.9 8.8 7.1 6.6 7.1 6.6 3.3 3.8 6.0 4.9 2.2 1.6 1.6 3.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
1.3 10.3 13.5 9.0 7.1 9.6 7.7 3.2 6.4 5.1 5.1 3.2 3.8 3.8 1.9 4.5 1.3 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
3.1 13.0 10.6 8.7 8.1 8.1 6.8 6.2 1.9 8.1 1.9 5.6 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
5.2 13.4 14.2 6.0 7.5 8.2 5.2 7.5 5.2 3.0 4.5 6.0 0.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.7 94.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 87.4 6.0 0.5 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 1.7 95.7 0.0 0.4 0.4

2010
0.0 0.6 2.3 0.0 1.1 95.5 0.0 0.0 0.6

2011
0.0 0.5 2.0 0.0 2.6 94.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.9 91.7 5.1 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 96.3 2.5 0.0 0.0

2011
0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 1.5 88.8 3.7 0.0 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VERMONT | CONTEXT DATA | 337

Vermont

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 98.4 1.6 319

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.00 100.00 1,923

2009
96.2 3.8 373

2010
98.4 1.6 304

2011
95.2 4.8 310

2009
<.1 99.94 1,720

2010
<.1 99.94 1,599

2011
0.19 99.81 1,561

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.6 1.0 56.3 17.0 0.0 710

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
24.6 3.9 58.0 13.3 0.2 540 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
23.8 2.8 57.0 16.1 0.3 644

2010
24.2 2.8 56.7 16.4 0.0 653

2008
17.4 0.0 43.0 39.5 0.0 86

2009
16.2 5.9 35.3 42.6 0.0 68

2010
11.6 2.3 37.2 48.8 0.0 43

2011
23.5
0.0
23.5
52.9
0.0
34

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.6 1.0 65.7 31.7 0.0 309

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 18.1 81.9 0.0 105

2009
2.6 2.2 62.8 32.3 0.0 269

2010
2.4 3.1 63.1 31.4 0.0 255

2011
3.0 3.0 68.5 25.0 0.5 200

2009
17.0 83.0 0.0 88

2010
22.7 77.3 0.0 97

2011
28.3 71.7 0.0 60

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
37.5 0.0 41.7 20.8 0.0 24

2009
15.8 5.3 68.4 10.5 0.0 19

2010
7.1 0.0 42.9 50.0 0.0 14

2011
47.1 0.0 35.3 17.6 0.0 17

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 57.1 42.9 0.0 7

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

50.0 0.0 33.3 16.7 0.0 6 12.5 0.0 62.5 25.0 0.0 8

2011
33.3 16.7 16.7 33.3 0.0 6

2008
25.6 1.0 56.7 16.6 0.0 668

White 2009 2010

24.0 2.8 56.9 16.0 0.3 612 24.7 2.9 56.8 15.6 0.0 620

2011
23.9 3.9 58.9 13.1 0.2 511

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 4

2011
25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Two or More Races 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
16.7 0.0 66.7 16.7 0.0 6

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 4 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VERMONT | OUTCOMES DATA | 338

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 55.8 26.0 10.8 3.5 3.8 0.3 400

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
59.4 18.8 9.3 5.4 6.5 0.5 367

2010
55.9 21.9 10.8 5.4 4.1 1.9 370

2011
64.5 18.5 8.0 3.5 3.8 1.6 313 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
76.2 13.6 10.3 0.0 642

2009
76.7 13.7 9.7 0.0 549

2010
76.8 10.7 12.5 0.0 552

2011
78.8 10.9 10.3 0.0 661

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 6.6 47.3 31.9 8.8 5.5 0.0 182

2009
2.6 39.2 32.7 13.7 11.8 0.0 153

2010
10.8 42.4 31.0 6.3 9.5 0.0 158

2011
12.0 31.6 31.6 16.5 8.3 0.0 133

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 69.1 30.9 0.0 718 72.2 27.8 0.0 633 73.6 26.4 0.0 622 71.5 28.5 0.0 715

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
43.7 56.3 0.0 513 43.9 56.1 0.0 449 45.1 54.9 0.0 401 45.3 54.7 0.0 371

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.8 80.2 0.0 692 18.5 81.5 0.0 637 20.9 79.1 0.0 574 24.6 75.4 0.0 472

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 3

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 4.3 0.9 94.8 0.0 345

2009
3.4 0.9 95.7 0.0 328

2010
5.4 0.9 93.7 0.0 334

2011
5.5 1.0 93.5 0.0 402

VERMONT | OUTCOMES DATA | 339

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 102.1 59.9

2009
95.7 60.5

2010
89.9 54.6

2011
104.0 61.4

8.9

9.1

10.1

7.4

30.9 15.8

35.6 18.2

35.9 18.4

27.8 15.3

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 139.2 53.8 22.8 19.0

2009
120.5 41.8 27.1 21.7

2010
133.2 53.2 23.5 18.9

2011
142.4 43.6 26.7 21.9

11.4

9.7

8.5

13.5

80.9

68.4

76.5

83.9

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 116.8 23.3 95.2

2009
106.5 27.8 93.9

2010
115.1 28.9 95.8

2011
111.4 28.9 93.7

44.3

57.7

46.9

50.8

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 68.2 66.1 43.4 20.4

2009
69.5 68.2 43.8 18.8

2010
72.0 69.7 45.3 21.6

2011
71.0 67.0 45.2 25.1

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

VERMONT | OUTCOMES DATA | 340

Vermont

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Cynthia K. Walcott, Deputy Commissioner
Family Services Division
Department for Children and Families

The following are Vermonts comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. The Vermont Department for Children and Familys Family Services Division is an integrated system delivering child protection, child welfare and juvenile justice services through 12 district offices. The department is responsible for about 1000 children in custody for abuse and neglect (88% of children in custody), delinquency (18%), or because they are beyond parental control (14%). In addition, social work staff supervise about 200 youth on juvenile probation. We investigate reports of sexual abuse by any person, not just caregivers. For this reason, 51.8% of substantiated abuse in 2011 was sexual abuse. Also, substantiated physical abuse includes both actual physical abuse and risk of physical harm. Children can exit one part of our system as an abused child and reenter as a delinquent child, making our rate of reentry appear quite high. About 63% of children in custody are age 12 and older. This reality has substantial impact on placement stability, length of stay and permanency outcomes.

VERMONT | STATE COMMENT | 341

Virginia

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
5,912 1.7 7,206 664

2009
6,068 1.3 6,034 663

2010
6,621 1.4 5,499 747

2011
6,096 1.3 4,861 755

1,838,921 1,847,182 1,853,407 1,853,546 0.2 4.9 21.7 <.1 10.1 59.6 3.3 13.8 0.3 5.0 21.6 <.1 10.7 58.9 3.4 13.9 0.2 5.6 21.1 <.1 11.1 57.0 4.8 14.5 0.3 5.8 21.0 <.1 11.6 56.4 5.0 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 19 1,776 9,358 41 726 1,776

2009
59 4,712 7,922 75 25,913 34,566

2010
69 5,129 7,403 65 39,524 61,110

2011
75 5,071 6,744 75 29,433 39,433

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 59,956 5,912 37

2008

Rate

Number
62,596 6,068 28

2009

Rate

Number
69,952 6,621 38

2010

Rate

Number
66,042 6,096 36

2011

Rate

32.6 per 1,000 3.2 per 1,000 2.0 per 100,000

33.9 per 1,000 3.3 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

37.7 per 1,000 3.6 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

35.6 per 1,000 3.3 per 1,000 1.9 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.3 7.4 7.0 6.7 5.6 5.9 6.2 5.1 5.3 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.4 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.1 2.9 <.1 1.7 5,912

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.6 7.3 7.2 6.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.7 4.0 3.7 2.8 <.1 1.5 6,068

2010
10.7 7.3 7.4 7.0 6.5 6.3 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.7 2.9 <.1 1.6 6,621

2011
10.1 6.9 7.6 7.2 6.8 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.7 2.9 <.1 1.3 6,096 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 0.7 31.4 <.1 9.2 50.9 4.5 3.1 5,912

2009
<.1 0.6 30.4 <.1 10.3 50.5 4.5 3.6 6,068

2010
<.1 1.0 27.9 0.2 10.7 51.4 4.4 4.3 6,621

2011
<.1 0.8 27.0 0.3 11.0 52.9 4.9 3.2 6,096

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 342

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 1.2 2.8 59.5 27.6 16.4 0.0 <.1 5,912

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
1.1 2.3 62.9 28.2 14.3 0.0 <.1 6,621

2009
1.1 2.6 61.8 27.3 15.5 0.0 0.0 6,068

2011
1.5 1.9 61.0 28.9 14.9 0.0 0.0 6,096 Mean Median

2008
204.4 >48 but<72

2009
175.6 >48 but<72

2010
190.3 >48 but<72

2011
154.6 >48 but<72

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 6,935 17.2 6,716 18.4 5,778 18.8 5,232 17.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,073 N/A 2,477 N/A 2,677 N/A 2,416 N/A

2008
2,805 18.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3,159 19.7 2,956 19.1 2,788 19.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,206 18.8 6,034 19.8 5,499 17.9 4,861 16.6

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.5 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.5 4.6 5.3 7.8 9.4 12.9 13.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 3.6 5.1 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 5.3 6.4 9.3 11.3 14.7 1.8 <.1 0.0 <.1 3.8 5.1 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.8 6.7 8.2 12.0 13.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.7 4.5 3.9 4.3 5.1 6.0 8.4 10.4 13.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.5 6.6 5.7 4.5 4.1 3.8 4.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.8 5.7 6.3 9.4 9.0 6.5 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 6.7 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.7 5.2 6.6 7.4 9.5 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 <.1 13.6 7.4 6.6 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.6 6.2 6.3 8.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.9 7.2 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 5.1 5.8 8.4 8.4 5.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
3.5 5.5 5.6 5.0 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.0 15.5 19.0 1.6 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.3 5.4 6.2 5.0 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.9 4.9 4.0 26.7 3.5 0.0 0.0 4.4 6.3 6.4 5.0 4.6 4.4 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.5 3.8 4.7 15.5 12.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 5.7 6.0 6.3 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.3 4.6 4.3 22.6 4.7 1.2 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.3 5.1 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 5.4 6.4 9.4 11.2 14.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 5.0 5.2 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.5 6.6 8.2 11.9 13.3 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.2 5.2 6.0 8.4 10.3 13.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.9 6.1 7.5 10.8 12.7 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 0.4 41.4 <.1 7.5 43.9 6.0 0.7 0.0 <.1 0.6 40.1 <.1 8.3 43.9 6.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 36.9 0.0 9.6 45.8 6.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.6 36.0 0.0 10.1 46.7 5.9 0.8 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.8 34.5 0.0 9.1 48.1 6.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 31.0 0.0 11.4 51.0 5.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 31.7 0.1 9.2 52.2 5.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 29.4 0.2 7.7 54.7 7.0 0.8 <.1

2008
0.1 0.3 37.1 <.1 7.7 48.0 5.7 1.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.8 38.3 <.1 8.5 45.4 6.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 34.2 0.1 8.8 49.4 6.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 34.5 0.0 8.8 48.6 6.2 1.2 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 0.6 40.1 <.1 8.1 44.1 6.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 37.3 0.0 9.4 46.1 5.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.6 35.8 0.0 9.9 47.0 6.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 33.5 <.1 9.7 49.6 6.3 0.6 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 343

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
1,807 1,372

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,646 1,097

2010
1,622 1,326

2011
1,413 1,007 Total children adopted

2008
664

2009
663

2010
747

2011
755

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.6 5.5 6.5 6.5 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.2 5.4 6.6 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.4 5.9 6.2 4.5 3.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.4 5.9 6.0 6.7 5.4 4.9 5.5 4.7 5.1 5.7 6.4 5.8 5.4 6.8 5.8 7.9 6.2 4.2

2009
2.1 6.2 8.2 5.6 6.1 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.7 5.1 7.2 5.7 5.2 2.8

2011
1.6 5.0 8.0 6.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.4 4.5 4.0 5.5 5.9 5.2 5.6 6.7 6.9 7.5 5.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.1 10.4 14.5 9.8 8.3 7.4 8.6 6.0 5.9 3.8 4.5 4.8 2.9 4.5 3.6 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.0

2009
0.9 8.0 11.9 8.6 7.8 8.1 7.5 6.6 5.9 5.7 6.2 4.5 4.8 3.2 3.6 2.6 1.4 2.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.5 7.8 11.5 8.8 8.7 7.2 7.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.1 5.6 4.7 3.9 2.5 3.2 2.0 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.0

2011
0.8 8.9 9.1 9.7 7.8 7.8 5.2 5.7 6.0 6.5 4.9 5.4 4.2 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.3 40.3 0.0 8.8 40.5 9.5 0.5 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.3 34.0 0.0 5.9 47.7 11.3 0.8 0.0

2009
0.0 0.4 38.9 0.0 9.2 42.7 7.7 1.1 0.0

2010
0.0 0.6 35.8 0.0 10.7 44.2 7.7 0.9 0.0

2011
0.0 0.3 34.4 0.0 10.8 47.3 6.6 0.6 0.0

2009
0.0 0.6 35.0 0.2 7.5 47.5 9.0 0.2 0.0

2010
0.1 0.0 32.9 0.0 10.2 48.7 7.8 0.3 0.0

2011
0.0 0.9 32.6 0.1 8.1 48.1 10.1 0.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 344

Virginia

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 97.8 2.2 2,566

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.25 99.75 10,008

2009
98.0 2.0 2,720

2010
97.6 2.4 2,807

2011
97.7 2.3 2,696

2009
0.25 99.75 9,193

2010
0.18 99.82 8,455

2011
0.26 99.74 7,648

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 19.8 0.0 46.3 33.9 0.0 2,805

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
27.0 0.0 45.9 27.0 0.2 2,788 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
20.9 0.0 46.9 32.3 0.0 3,159

2010
23.4 0.0 47.0 29.0 0.7 2,956

2008
24.4 0.0 19.8 55.8 0.0 328

2009
27.2 0.0 23.5 49.3 0.0 349

2010
35.2 0.0 16.8 46.3 1.6 315

2011
37.5
0.0
19.3
43.2
0.0
285

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.7 0.0 34.5 64.8 0.0 1,088

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 24.9 74.8 0.2 910

2009
1.0 0.0 32.5 66.5 0.0 1,166

2010
1.6 0.0 31.8 65.8 0.8 1,005

2011
2.7 0.0 35.3 61.8 0.1 875

2009
22.4 77.6 0.0 952

2010
20.7 79.3 0.0 783

2011
25.4 74.6 0.0 678

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 25.0 0.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 4

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 8

Asian 2009 2010

20.8 0.0 70.8 8.3 0.0 24 5.6 0.0 66.7 27.8 0.0 18

Black 2011
36.8 0.0 42.1 21.1 0.0 19

2008
17.9 0.0 43.3 38.9 0.0 1,042

2009
17.5 0.0 45.7 36.8 0.0 1,211

2010
21.1 0.0 41.9 36.0 1.0 1,011

2011
25.0 0.0 40.6 34.2 0.2 963

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
21.3 0.0 42.6 36.1 0.0 216

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

21.3 0.0 48.7 30.0 0.0 267 32.3 0.0 41.2 25.0 1.5 260

2011
24.2 0.0 51.2 24.6 0.0 244

2008
20.3 0.0 48.6 31.1 0.0 1,345

White 2009 2010

21.3 0.0 47.5 31.2 0.0 1,433 22.3 0.0 50.8 26.6 0.3 1,460

2011
27.5 0.0 48.5 23.7 0.2 1,354

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.8 0.0 69.0 17.2 0.0 29

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

19.4 0.0 58.1 22.6 0.0 31 61.9 0.0 28.6 4.8 4.8 21

2011
27.3 0.0 57.6 15.2 0.0 33

2008
28.1 0.0 47.5 24.4 0.0 160

Two or More Races 2009 2010

39.7 0.0 42.3 18.0 0.0 189 29.5 0.0 52.5 17.5 0.5 183

2011
36.2 0.0 44.8 19.0 0.0 174

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

VIRGINIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 345

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 63.3 26.2 6.9 1.2 2.3 <.1 1,300

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
56.6 29.8 9.3 2.4 1.8 <.1 1,480

2010
58.2 29.2 8.3 3.0 1.4 0.0 1,388

2011
60.1 28.4 7.3 2.4 1.7 <.1 1,279 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
87.8 4.5 3.4 4.3 3,073

2009
87.0 4.4 4.9 3.6 2,477

2010
87.6 4.0 5.6 2.8 2,677

2011
88.6 5.0 5.7 0.6 2,416

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.3 22.2 38.6 18.0 18.9 0.0 555

2009
2.6 21.5 38.2 18.0 19.7 0.0 660

2010
3.6 22.1 29.1 27.2 17.9 0.0 691

2011
2.7 24.5 32.7 18.8 21.4 0.0 752

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 89.5 9.7 0.7 3,451 87.6 11.7 0.7 2,951 89.0 10.5 0.6 3,057 88.5 11.3 0.2 2,812

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
66.3 33.3 0.5 2,502 69.0 30.5 0.5 2,325 71.4 28.0 0.6 1,972 67.1 32.6 0.4 1,935

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

39.8 59.7 0.5 4,054 38.4 61.1 0.5 3,914 38.8 60.7 0.4 3,424 36.3 63.3 0.3 2,900

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 0.0 100.0 1 33.3 0.0 66.7 3 50.0 0.0 50.0 2 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 0.2 2.9 96.7 0.2 1,391

2009
0.5 2.7 96.5 0.4 1,320

2010
0.3 2.2 97.3 0.2 1,470

2011
0.8 2.7 96.4 <.1 1,566

VIRGINIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 346

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 118.6 61.1

2009
110.2 55.8

2010
120.2 58.7

2011
123.0 61.4

8.2

10.1

8.5

8.5

26.4 3.9

31.0 6.2

28.7 3.2

32.5 4.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 71.6 24.5 31.5 13.0

2009
73.5 24.1 32.1 16.0

2010
83.7 25.8 33.0 19.1

2011
93.5 27.1 31.4 23.6

5.8

4.7

7.8

8.6

33.1

37.1

40.6

46.3

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 100.0 15.0 88.1

2009
107.9 20.1 90.0

2010
108.4 21.5 90.8

2011
111.0 25.3 91.5

44.3

45.8

44.1

49.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 103.9 89.8 66.7 40.2

2009
103.1 87.7 69.4 39.0

2010
104.9 88.9 72.0 39.6

2011
101.3 88.2 67.4 36.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

VIRGINIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 347

Virginia

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Martin D. Brown, Commissioner
Department of Social Services

The following are Virginias comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Virginia Department of Social Services (VDSS) is a State supervised and locally administered child welfare system. Currently, there are 120 local Departments of Social Service (LDSS) providing services in VA. Over the past four years, VDSS has seen reductions in children in care due to several major combined efforts by the State and Local DSS. These major efforts include:1 Continuing ongoing data quality management to ensure accurate information in client case records Providing financial incentives to place children in community-based settings Reducing the number of children in congregate care Increasing the reliance on foster family homes Increasing discharges of children to permanency based settings Developing and expanding real-time access to social services data for State and local staff (SafeMeasures) Integrating DSS data with data from other State programs as deemed appropriate Implementing select evidence based best practices for State-wide policy and guidance changes

As a result of these combined efforts, VDSS has been able to greatly impact the lives of the children entrusted to our care and ultimately achieve better outcomes. In Virginia today,2 there are 2,399 fewer children in foster care than in 2008; a reduction of 32.5%. Through a combination of data integrity initiatives, managing by data, and enhanced practice, Virginia has improved by 294% the number of children receiving monthly visits; helping to ensure that Virginias children are in safe and stable homes that are meeting their emotional, physical, and mental needs. Virginia has also seen a marked improvement in the number of children being adopted annually. From 2008 2011 annual adoptions increased by 13.7% from 664 in 2008 to 755 in 2011. As a result, the ratio of children waiting to be adopted to those adopted during the year has gone from 48.4% in 2008 to 25% in 2011; a ~50% improvement. Where child safety is concerned, Virginia has improved the response time to CPS investigations by 24.1% from 2008.

1 2

http://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/about/reports/children/annual_progress_services/apsr2010.pdf Based upon Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress

VIRGINIA | STATE COMMENT | 348

Washington

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
6,738 4.1 11,133 1,261

2009
6,560 3.7 11,824 1,634

2010
7,108 4.0 10,886 1,633

2011
7,113 3.5 9,857 1,568

1,558,023 1,569,592 1,580,986 1,581,757 1.7 6.3 4.3 0.5 16.9 64.9 5.4 14.3 1.7 6.5 4.3 0.5 17.6 64.0 5.5 16.2 1.5 6.5 3.9 0.8 19.0 60.8 7.4 18.2 1.5 6.6 4.0 0.8 19.5 60.0 7.6 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 13 2,045 15,781 42 32,699 77,640

2009
18 2,332 13,009 52 7,250 13,949

2010
73 9,125 12,520 88 59,647 67,587

2011
81 9,464 11,643 89 62,142 69,714

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 52,972 6,738 23

2008

Rate

Number
44,900 6,560 21

2009

Rate

Number
51,037 7,108 12

2010

Rate

Number
52,723 7,113 20

2011

Rate

34.0 per 1,000 4.3 per 1,000 1.5 per 100,000

28.6 per 1,000 4.2 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

32.3 per 1,000 4.5 per 1,000 0.8 per 100,000

33.3 per 1,000 4.5 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 12.8 7.8 6.8 6.8 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.7 4.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.2 3.7 3.1 2.0 <.1 0.3 6,738

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
11.9 7.6 7.6 6.8 6.3 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.1 3.6 4.3 4.1 3.7 2.2 <.1 0.8 6,560

2010
11.0 8.6 8.0 7.8 6.3 6.0 6.2 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.6 2.0 <.1 0.3 7,108

2011
10.2 7.9 7.9 7.6 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.6 4.8 4.9 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.3 2.1 <.1 0.2 7,113 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
8.2 1.7 8.2 0.7 15.9 61.9 0.0 3.4 6,738

2009
6.6 1.7 7.0 0.8 15.7 53.0 8.9 6.4 6,560

2010
5.8 1.7 6.9 0.9 15.2 54.3 8.8 6.3 7,108

2011
5.1 1.4 7.0 0.9 15.5 54.4 9.7 6.0 7,113

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
WASHINGTON | CONTEXT DATA | 349

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number N/A N/A 77.7 20.7 7.3 0.0 0.0 6,738

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
N/A N/A 77.2 21.6 6.6 0.0 0.0 7,108

2009
N/A N/A 76.5 22.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 6,560

2011
N/A N/A 79.4 19.2 6.7 0.0 0.0 7,113 Mean Median

2008
4.8 <24

2009
59.9 >24 but<48

2010
53.9 >24 but<48

2011
44.5 >24 but<48

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 10,940 16.3 11,529 19.2 9,847 17.9 9,460 14.9

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,323 N/A 5,880 N/A 6,254 N/A 5,589 N/A

2008
6,130 12.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5,585 17.2 5,215 17.9 5,192 17.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

11,133 17.9 11,824 19.1 10,886 15.9 9,857 15.0

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 8.1 9.8 8.7 7.0 6.4 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 9.2 8.1 7.2 5.6 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.3 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.7 7.1 9.4 8.8 7.0 6.2 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 5.5 5.5 1.2 0.3 0.2 <.1 8.3 10.0 9.2 8.1 6.3 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.4 0.8 0.2 <.1 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

19.8 7.8 6.4 5.9 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 5.3 6.2 5.8 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.5 8.3 6.4 6.0 4.8 4.1 4.6 4.0 4.0 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.6 4.1 5.1 5.1 5.6 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.1 8.7 8.3 7.3 5.2 5.1 4.6 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 8.1 7.5 6.4 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.8 3.3 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
5.2 8.6 8.7 7.3 6.3 5.6 4.7 3.6 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.8 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

5.0 7.3 9.5 8.4 7.0 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.2 6.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 4.6 8.1 9.8 8.0 6.5 6.1 5.4 5.0 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.9 2.9 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.5 6.3 5.1 0.6 0.5 <.1 4.7 8.5 9.2 9.2 7.0 5.9 5.8 5.0 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.5 4.2 3.5 7.9 3.0 0.3 0.1 <.1

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.0 9.7 8.6 7.6 5.8 6.0 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.2 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.7 8.5 6.7 5.9 4.8 5.1 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.4 5.3 2.3 0.7 0.5 1.9 7.7 9.5 9.0 8.1 6.3 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.3 1.4 0.6 <.1 0.1 8.8 9.4 9.2 8.2 6.8 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.8 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 8.2 1.0 10.0 0.4 15.8 53.2 10.2 0.6 0.6 8.3 0.8 9.3 0.4 16.2 52.5 12.1 0.5 0.0 8.3 0.8 9.5 0.5 15.8 51.6 13.0 0.6 <.1 7.4 1.0 9.0 0.6 16.9 52.2 12.4 0.5 <.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.2 1.0 8.4 0.5 15.3 53.9 10.7 1.7 2.2 7.0 1.4 8.9 1.1 15.1 53.0 10.2 2.7 0.6 6.4 1.4 8.8 0.8 16.8 54.3 10.1 1.0 0.3 5.3 1.3 9.1 0.9 17.6 52.3 11.3 0.6 1.6

2008
6.2 1.3 8.9 0.5 15.4 55.5 9.6 1.3 1.3

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

6.4 1.2 8.8 0.9 16.2 54.2 10.5 1.5 0.2 5.5 1.3 9.8 0.6 15.5 54.9 11.2 1.0 0.2 4.7 1.5 9.5 0.7 18.4 52.4 11.7 0.6 0.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

8.2 0.8 9.7 0.4 15.7 52.3 10.8 0.9 1.1 8.5 0.9 9.3 0.4 15.6 52.0 11.9 1.1 0.2 8.5 0.9 9.0 0.6 16.5 51.6 12.2 0.6 <.1 7.7 0.9 8.8 0.7 16.5 52.1 12.1 0.5 0.7

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WASHINGTON | CONTEXT DATA | 350

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
3,015 2,406

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
3,287 2,139

2010
3,150 1,785

2011
2,813 1,360 Total children adopted

2008
1,261

2009
1,634

2010
1,633

2011
1,568

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 1.1 8.0 9.7 9.5 7.6 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.2 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.2 10.5 10.8 10.2 6.9 6.8 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.7 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.8

2009
2.4 9.6 10.3 8.2 7.9 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.0 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.4

2011
2.7 11.3 11.0 9.7 8.1 5.7 5.6 4.3 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.1 13.3 19.1 12.8 10.5 8.1 6.9 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.0 2.3 1.3 1.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.2 9.7 17.3 13.5 10.6 8.0 7.9 6.9 7.1 4.3 4.5 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

2010
1.0 11.7 16.1 10.7 9.7 8.9 6.3 6.3 5.3 5.3 4.8 3.9 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0

2011
1.0 13.3 14.7 14.1 10.6 7.8 7.3 5.4 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.0 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 6.2 0.5 11.4 0.4 18.3 52.6 9.7 0.5 0.6

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 3.4 0.3 9.7 0.4 13.6 61.1 9.4 2.1 0.0

2009
5.2 0.5 9.9 0.3 17.2 54.1 12.3 0.4 <.1

2010
4.7 0.6 10.1 0.5 17.1 53.3 13.1 0.6 <.1

2011
5.4 0.4 9.6 0.6 18.3 53.8 11.5 0.5 <.1

2009
3.9 0.6 8.4 0.6 18.1 55.4 12.5 0.4 0.0

2010
4.0 0.6 8.1 0.2 16.4 55.0 15.7 <.1 0.0

2011
2.6 1.0 7.7 0.6 14.7 54.3 18.8 0.3 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WASHINGTON | CONTEXT DATA | 351

Washington

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 93.9 6.1 2,962

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.38 99.62 17,263

2009
93.7 6.3 3,204

2010
93.7 6.3 3,061

2011
94.2 5.8 3,097

2009
0.18 99.82 17,409

2010
0.20 99.80 16,101

2011
0.19 99.81 15,049

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 19.0 5.2 67.3 8.4 <.1 6,130

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
30.2 7.4 53.4 8.6 0.3 5,192 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
27.6 8.8 54.3 9.3 <.1 5,585

2010
30.2 10.0 50.3 9.3 0.3 5,215

2008
24.5 9.2 39.6 26.7 0.0 584

2009
28.4 11.1 34.9 25.7 0.0 416

2010
31.5 9.2 35.2 23.6 0.4 466

2011

40.8
9.3
32.0
17.9
0.0
547

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.6 3.6 74.7 21.1 0.0 1,586

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 26.3 73.7 0.0 429

2009
1.4 3.5 67.9 27.0 <.1 1,188

2010
1.9 6.0 60.0 31.8 0.3 1,056

2011
1.8 5.3 62.5 30.1 0.2 992

2009
32.6 67.4 0.0 454

2010
26.4 73.6 0.0 444

2011
27.8 72.2 0.0 407

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 9.9 11.7 60.1 18.0 0.3 383

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

18.1 15.0 49.4 17.2 0.3 360 27.7 18.3 35.3 15.6 3.1 289 20.3 10.6 52.8 11.0 5.3 246

2008
2.6 7.7 78.2 11.5 0.0 78

Asian 2009 2010

14.7 10.3 70.6 4.4 0.0 68 11.9 6.0 71.6 10.4 0.0 67

Black 2011
17.7 5.1 68.4 8.9 0.0 79

2008
21.9 5.3 59.0 13.7 0.0 547

2009
25.9 10.3 50.4 13.4 0.0 494

2010
26.6 12.7 51.7 9.0 0.0 511

2011
26.9 4.1 57.4 11.6 0.0 491

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.6 0.0 84.4 0.0 0.0 32 11.5 0.0 86.5 1.9 0.0 52 15.6 0.0 84.4 0.0 0.0 32 30.6 5.6 63.9 0.0 0.0 36

2008
16.8 3.0 74.0 6.3 0.0 942

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

30.8 10.2 51.2 7.9 0.0 903 31.1 9.1 51.4 8.4 0.0 806

2011
24.3 8.4 57.7 9.5 0.1 957

2008
20.8 5.2 66.6 7.3 0.0 3,401

White 2009 2010

28.9 7.5 55.0 8.6 0.0 3,027 30.9 8.5 50.7 9.9 <.1 2,861

2011
32.1 7.7 51.9 8.3 0.0 2,723

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.9 3.8 77.2 5.1 0.0 79

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

10.8 3.6 79.5 6.0 0.0 83 7.8 0.0 86.3 5.9 0.0 51

2011
34.4 3.1 56.3 6.3 0.0 32

2008
18.9 4.8 68.2 8.2 0.0 588

Two or More Races 2009 2010

28.5 9.8 52.5 9.2 0.0 589 35.2 14.0 44.4 6.0 0.5 586

2011
40.1 6.6 46.9 6.1 0.3 606

2008
16.3 2.5 77.5 3.8 0.0 80

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 88.9 11.1 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 12

2011
0.0 9.1 72.7 13.6 4.5 22

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WASHINGTON | OUTCOMES DATA | 352

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 67.9 17.8 8.7 3.2 2.4 0.0 4,127

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
70.9 16.9 7.2 3.0 2.0 0.0 3,030

2010
71.3 15.8 6.9 3.7 2.3 0.0 2,622

2011
68.4 17.4 8.9 3.1 2.2 0.0 2,772 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
79.5 10.6 9.4 0.4 6,323

2009
77.3 10.4 11.2 1.1 5,880

2010
82.0 7.8 9.9 0.4 6,254

2011
83.0 5.9 11.0 0.2 5,589

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 1.1 23.4 37.5 21.3 16.7 0.0 1,167

2009
1.4 17.1 37.9 25.1 18.5 0.0 1,539

2010
2.3 21.9 36.1 22.4 17.3 0.0 1,573

2011
2.5 26.7 32.3 19.8 18.7 0.0 1,569

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.8 14.2 0.0 7,005 87.5 12.4 <.1 6,482 87.6 12.4 <.1 6,635 86.4 13.6 <.1 6,170

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
61.9 38.1 0.0 4,202 65.1 34.9 0.0 3,792 67.5 32.5 0.0 3,687 67.6 32.4 0.0 4,055

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.4 61.6 0.0 6,054 41.1 58.9 0.0 7,121 39.2 60.8 0.0 5,753 37.4 62.6 0.0 4,802

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 2 78.6 21.4 0.0 14 100.0 0.0 0.0 26 100.0 0.0 0.0 22

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 1.9 0.5 97.5 0.0 4,689

2009
1.3 0.1 98.6 0.0 4,467

2010
0.9 <.1 99.0 0.0 5,019

2011
1.1 <.1 98.8 0.0 4,502

WASHINGTON | OUTCOMES DATA | 353

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 108.5 63.8

2009
120.1 69.6

2010
122.4 72.3

2011
119.0 70.4

7.0

4.4

2.4

5.1

36.0 16.0

32.7 14.3

30.6 15.5

31.7 13.8

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 96.0 24.5 31.8 20.6

2009
100.0 18.4 33.4 25.0

2010
116.1 24.2 32.6 27.9

2011
126.5 29.3 31.5 31.4

15.3

12.8

14.5

14.6

43.2

46.6

60.2

64.7

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 120.0 31.9 93.3

2009
124.3 32.9 95.0

2010
123.4 35.7 97.0

2011
127.6 40.5 95.7

49.9

47.5

52.7

54.1

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 95.8 82.3 61.9 38.4

2009
100.6 85.3 65.3 41.2

2010
100.9 85.5 67.4 39.3

2011
98.3 83.2 67.5 37.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

WASHINGTON | OUTCOMES DATA | 354

Washington

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Denise Revels Robinson, MSW, Assistant Secretary
Children's Administration
Department of Social and Health Services

The following are Washingtons comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. Child safety is at the forefront of all the work of the Washington State child welfare system. We endeavor to: Safely maintain children in their own homes, preventing out-of-home placement; Safely serve and support children in temporary out-of-home care; Safely return children home as quickly as possible; Safely support children in the homes of fit and willing relatives; Safely secure permanent families for children who cannot return home; and Safely decrease the over-representation of children of color involved in the child welfare system.

Washington State exceeded three of the six national standards in Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2010. This is an improvement from 2007, when we only met one national standard. Prior to FFY 2009, reporting was incorrect in that the State did not report the initial face-to-face contact date as the investigation start date. Data for FFY 2009 2011 cannot be compared with prior periods. In 2011, the percentage of children who did not have a recurrence of abuse increased to 94.2%, while the maltreatment of children in foster care remained very low at 0.19%. For the same period, the children with disabilities who exited to adoption, rather than another permanent plan increased to 40.8%. The time children spend in foster care before adoption has decreased, with 29.2% adopted between 12 and 24 months after entering foster care. Fewer children wait more than 24 months than any of the previous years in the report. The Governor and Washington State Legislature are committed to management accountability and performance measurement. Childrens Administration tracks performance and reports publicly on safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes and uses data for decision-making. While we support the federal effort to evaluate States performance compared to federal standards, some unique characteristics of Washington States child welfare system make this comparison difficult. Because the scope of this report does not permit clarification of laws and policies that may influence the data, some of the results presented may be misleading without policy context. We support the federal governments efforts to explore State differences which may impact comparability of the data. This work will assist the federal government and States in using accurate data to support and guide continued improvement of child welfare practice for all children and their families.

WASHINGTON | STATE COMMENT | 355

West Virginia
C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 387,394 0.2 0.7 4.7 <.1 1.9 90.3 2.2 23.0

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
386,435 0.2 0.7 3.7 <.1 2.0 90.3 3.3 25.5

2009
386,449 0.2 0.7 4.9 <.1 2.0 90.0 2.2 23.6

2011
384,794 0.2 0.7 3.9 <.1 2.0 89.9 3.3 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
6,077 8.3 4,447 523

2009
5,473 7.4 4,226 541

2010
4,133 7.4 4,104 662

2011
4,139 8.5 4,377 698

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 22 1,601 7,239 63 4,917 7,761

2009
54 3,403 6,312 80 17,948 22,315

2010
76 4,631 6,130 83 26,706 32,076

2011
91 5,751 6,351 80 32,069 40,182

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 52,418 6,077 5

2008

Rate

Number
50,280 5,473 6

2009

Rate

Number
39,469 4,133 8

2010

Rate

Number
38,151 4,139 16

2011

Rate

135.3 per 1,000 15.7 per 1,000 1.3 per 100,000

130.1 per 1,000 14.2 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

102.1 per 1,000 10.7 per 1,000 2.1 per 100,000

99.1 per 1,000 10.8 per 1,000 4.2 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.0 7.3 7.2 6.7 6.0 6.8 5.8 5.8 5.5 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.2 3.3 2.0 <.1 2.6 6,077

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.4 5.5 5.5 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.5 4.0 3.3 2.0 <.1 2.3 5,473

2010
12.0 7.3 6.7 6.9 7.2 6.4 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.2 2.2 <.1 1.6 4,133

2011
12.8 7.7 7.5 7.0 7.2 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.9 2.8 1.4 0.0 2.1 4,139 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
<.1 <.1 2.8 0.1 1.2 86.1 4.4 5.2 6,077

2009
0.0 <.1 2.8 <.1 1.1 86.2 4.5 5.4 5,473

2010
0.0 <.1 2.7 0.0 1.5 87.0 4.3 4.5 4,133

2011
<.1 <.1 2.2 <.1 1.2 87.3 5.1 4.1 4,139

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
WEST VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 356

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 25.1 1.4 54.8 24.2 5.3 0.0 10.3 6,077

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
28.9 1.5 51.3 28.8 5.3 0.0 9.4 4,133

2009
29.5 1.1 51.1 27.6 4.5 0.0 11.0 5,473

2011
28.7 1.4 51.6 33.2 4.3 0.0 10.5 4,139 Mean Median

2008

2009

2010

2011

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 4,281 11.5 4,285 11.0 4,136 11.6 3,999 10.7

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,205 N/A 2,869 N/A 2,841 N/A 3,277 N/A

2008
3,039 12.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2,928 11.8 2,873 13.0 2,899 12.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

4,447 11.0 4,226 11.9 4,104 10.9 4,377 9.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.6 6.4 6.2 5.1 4.5 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.6 4.8 6.9 8.4 10.0 9.6 2.7 1.0 0.5 0.2 6.4 7.0 6.0 5.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.0 3.8 4.6 5.8 7.9 9.0 10.1 2.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 5.0 7.3 6.6 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.5 6.0 7.6 9.8 9.5 1.4 <.1 <.1 0.0 5.8 6.7 6.9 5.6 5.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.3 3.7 5.0 6.3 8.0 9.1 9.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

13.4 5.5 5.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.2 3.7 4.7 7.1 10.2 11.4 7.9 1.0 <.1 <.1 <.1 11.8 5.0 4.9 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.3 4.7 8.1 11.6 13.1 9.1 0.8 0.1 <.1 <.1 12.3 5.3 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.0 5.3 8.1 10.2 11.5 9.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 11.7 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.1 4.1 3.7 3.5 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.0 4.1 5.1 6.8 9.0 10.9 7.2 0.7 0.2 <.1 <.1

2008
2.7 5.7 5.9 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.9 5.4 8.1 9.9 12.9 10.1 2.1 1.3 0.4

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.0 6.0 5.7 4.9 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.3 2.6 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.2 3.1 5.1 7.9 10.6 11.3 14.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 2.8 4.9 7.1 5.0 5.3 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.2 4.5 6.1 10.2 16.9 7.1 0.2 <.1 0.0 2.2 5.8 6.0 4.9 5.5 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.8 5.2 7.5 9.3 20.5 2.9 0.2 <.1 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

6.1 7.1 6.0 5.5 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 2.9 3.7 4.6 5.9 8.5 9.4 10.1 2.2 <.1 <.1 0.0 4.9 7.2 6.5 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.5 4.5 6.3 8.0 10.3 9.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 <.1 5.5 6.5 6.6 5.4 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.7 4.8 6.3 8.4 9.5 9.9 1.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 6.1 6.8 6.8 6.2 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.7 4.6 6.0 7.2 9.4 9.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data <.1 <.1 5.2 <.1 1.7 86.1 6.7 0.1 0.0 <.1 <.1 5.6 0.0 1.8 85.0 7.2 0.3 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.2 <.1 1.8 85.3 7.3 0.2 <.1 0.0 <.1 5.1 0.0 2.0 84.9 7.6 0.2 0.2

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.0 <.1 5.8 0.0 1.7 85.1 6.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 5.7 <.1 1.8 85.2 6.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.7 85.7 6.3 0.4 1.0 <.1 0.0 4.5 <.1 1.2 86.3 6.6 0.4 0.9

2008
<.1 0.0 4.9 <.1 1.5 87.4 5.8 <.1 0.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

<.1 <.1 6.3 0.0 1.7 85.1 6.4 0.4 <.1 0.0 <.1 4.6 <.1 1.7 86.5 6.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 <.1 5.0 <.1 1.8 85.4 7.2 0.1 0.4

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

<.1 <.1 5.8 0.0 1.8 84.5 7.4 0.3 <.1 0.0 0.1 5.2 <.1 1.8 85.1 7.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 <.1 5.5 0.0 1.8 84.7 7.3 0.2 0.5 <.1 <.1 4.7 <.1 1.5 85.6 7.2 0.4 0.6

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WEST VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 357

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated
1,311 1,047

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,229 1,076

2010
1,230 1,025

2011
1,379 1,087 Total children adopted

2008
523

2009
541

2010
662

2011
698

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 5.1 8.7 8.2 7.7 6.3 5.6 5.1 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.0 4.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
4.0 7.7 9.4 8.1 7.3 5.8 5.7 5.1 4.8 5.8 4.2 4.4 4.9 3.9 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.0

2009
2.4 9.8 8.8 7.4 8.1 5.6 5.3 4.9 5.7 3.8 5.0 5.3 4.1 5.1 4.5 5.5 5.0 3.9

2011
5.3 9.4 8.8 8.5 6.8 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.1 5.4 4.6 2.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
1.3 12.0 16.3 11.9 9.6 7.1 7.6 7.6 6.1 4.2 3.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

2009
0.2 12.4 13.3 11.5 7.9 8.5 6.1 7.4 4.4 7.4 5.2 2.8 3.9 3.9 2.0 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.0

2010
0.5 7.4 15.4 9.8 11.8 8.5 7.3 5.6 6.2 5.3 3.6 5.1 3.3 3.8 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0

2011
0.6 12.2 14.2 10.5 11.2 8.5 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.2 3.2 4.2 3.0 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.2 4.6 0.0 2.0 85.8 6.9 0.6 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.2 0.0 5.0 0.0 2.5 82.8 9.6 0.0 0.0

2009
0.0 0.2 4.5 0.0 2.2 86.8 5.7 0.7 0.0

2010
0.0 0.2 5.3 0.0 2.0 82.8 9.3 0.2 0.2

2011
0.0 0.1 4.1 0.0 1.9 85.9 7.6 0.1 0.2

2009
0.2 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.9 86.3 8.5 0.6 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 2.0 89.1 5.9 0.5 0.0

2011
0.0 0.1 2.1 0.0 2.6 85.0 10.0 0.1 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WEST VIRGINIA | CONTEXT DATA | 358

West Virginia
O U TC O M E S DATA 1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 89.3 10.7 2,593

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number <.1 99.91 7,486

2009
91.5 8.5 2,507

2010
95.6 4.4 2,068

2011
97.6 2.4 1,971

2009
0.25 99.75 7,154

2010
0.30 99.70 6,977

2011
0.19 99.81 7,276

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 16.8 4.3 70.0 8.4 0.5 3,039

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
22.9 5.8 66.7 4.1 0.4 2,899 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
17.9 5.2 71.6 5.1 0.3 2,928

2010
22.4 5.3 67.6 4.5 0.3 2,873

2008
18.9 3.1 64.9 12.9 0.1 966

2009
17.8 2.5 70.9 8.6 0.1 914

2010
18.2 2.2 72.8 6.8 0.0 1,108

2011
16.7
3.9
71.2
8.0
0.3
1,157

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 1.0 2.6 81.3 14.8 0.3 1,383

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 23.7 76.3 0.0 173

2009
0.5 3.3 87.1 8.9 0.1 1,354

2010
1.1 2.9 86.6 9.3 <.1 1,202

2011
1.5 3.3 86.7 8.3 0.2 1,259

2009
20.8 79.2 0.0 72

2010
12.5 85.9 1.6 64

2011
11.3 88.7 0.0 53

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2011 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Black 2011
100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
14.8 2.0 70.5 11.4 1.3 149

2009
10.3 4.9 80.0 4.9 0.0 185

2010
12.0 8.3 71.4 8.3 0.0 133

2011
10.3 6.8 76.7 6.2 0.0 146

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
27.7 0.0 63.8 8.5 0.0 47

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

8.0 8.0 60.0 20.0 4.0 50 26.0 2.0 62.0 10.0 0.0 50

2011
28.8 1.9 65.4 3.8 0.0 52

2008
16.1 4.5 70.6 8.3 0.5 2,655

White 2009 2010

18.2 5.2 71.5 4.9 0.2 2,492 23.0 5.3 67.3 4.3 0.2 2,485

2011
22.8 5.9 66.6 4.2 0.5 2,475

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 2

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

18.2 0.0 81.8 0.0 0.0 11 23.1 7.7 61.5 0.0 7.7 13

2011
33.3 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 3

2008
26.0 5.1 62.1 6.8 0.0 177

Two or More Races 2009 2010

24.1 4.3 67.4 3.7 0.5 187 21.9 3.8 69.4 3.8 1.1 183

2011
32.1 5.7 59.3 2.9 0.0 209

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 85.7 14.3 0.0 7

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 12

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WEST VIRGINIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 359

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 62.4 25.9 4.9 2.3 4.4 0.0 2,128

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
63.8 23.8 5.9 1.9 4.4 0.3 2,097

2010
62.6 25.5 5.8 1.9 4.2 0.1 1,941

2011
65.7 25.1 4.9 1.7 2.4 0.1 1,934 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
80.5 10.9 8.1 0.5 3,205

2009
77.7 13.3 8.2 0.8 2,869

2010
78.7 12.1 8.8 0.4 2,841

2011
81.4 10.3 7.8 0.5 3,277

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 2.7 33.9 41.0 16.1 6.3 0.0 510

2009
2.7 34.9 35.9 17.6 9.0 0.0 524

2010
1.4 32.7 37.8 17.6 10.6 0.0 643

2011
3.0 33.6 39.1 14.8 9.5 0.0 663

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 88.7 11.3 0.0 3,866 86.7 13.3 0.0 3,603 87.8 12.2 0.0 3,521 86.8 13.2 0.0 3,940

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
65.4 34.6 0.0 1,860 66.2 33.8 0.0 1,879 65.2 34.8 0.0 1,768 65.1 34.9 0.0 1,815

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

34.5 65.5 0.0 1,756 36.2 63.8 0.0 1,659 39.1 60.9 0.0 1,673 37.6 62.4 0.0 1,507

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 4 84.6 15.4 0.0 13 93.3 6.7 0.0 15 100.0 0.0 0.0 14

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.9 1.0 95.9 0.2 1,671

2009
3.6 1.3 95.1 <.1 1,482

2010
3.2 1.3 95.4 <.1 1,526

2011
2.9 0.8 96.0 0.2 1,903

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 110.0 69.3

2009
111.3 68.8

2010
110.4 67.0

2011
115.1 67.9

7.9

8.4

8.9

8.3

50.2 17.4

47.4 15.4

48.5 15.3

42.8 13.9

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 100.5 36.7 27.6 28.4

2009
101.4 37.7 27.3 29.4

2010
110.8 34.1 28.2 37.7

2011
122.6 36.7 28.0 41.1

12.9

12.2

15.5

16.9

25.5

25.0

25.5

28.8

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 133.9 32.5 91.4

2009
134.2 32.0 89.2

2010
157.8 44.8 95.5

2011
168.7 52.1 97.9

28.9

29.0

24.6

22.0

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 100.2 88.1 65.6 35.5

2009
99.5 86.4 66.3 36.4

2010
100.2 87.4 65.3 39.4

2011
99.5 86.3 65.4 37.7

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

WEST VIRGINIA | OUTCOMES DATA | 361

Wisconsin

C O N T E X T DATA A. Context Statistics1

General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%)

Child Welfare Summary4

2010 2011
Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2009

2008
5,787 3.8 7,610 722

2009
4,947 3.5 6,919 769

2010
4,876 3.4 6,710 755

2011
5,033 3.3 6,637 669

1,316,468 1,310,250 1,336,617 1,326,208 1.2 3.0 8.7 <.1 8.6 75.9 2.5 13.3 1.1 3.1 8.6 <.1 9.0 75.5 2.6 16.7 1.1 3.1 8.7 <.1 10.2 73.5 3.3 19.1 1.0 3.2 8.6 <.1 10.5 73.2 3.4 X

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 29 3,092 10,556 88 17,430 19,695

2009
58 5,987 10,239 75 31,705 42,557

2010
78 7,481 9,628 88 48,230 55,013

2011
92 8,682 9,486 88 62,921 71,198

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 38,557 5,787 30

2008

Rate

Number
37,550 4,947 24

2009

Rate

Number
39,494 4,876 21

2010

Rate

Number
40,094 5,033 24

2011

Rate

29.3 per 1,000 4.4 per 1,000 2.3 per 100,000

28.7 per 1,000 3.8 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

29.5 per 1,000 3.6 per 1,000 1.6 per 100,000

30.2 per 1,000 3.8 per 1,000 1.8 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 10.4 6.0 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.4 5.9 6.5 5.7 4.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.9 5.9 4.5 2.2 <.1 0.9 5,787

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
10.3 6.1 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.2 4.0 5.6 5.4 5.3 4.1 2.6 <.1 0.7 4,947

2010
9.6 6.9 7.2 7.1 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.9 5.3 4.0 4.0 2.7 <.1 0.7 4,876

2011
9.3 7.0 7.3 6.6 6.7 7.2 6.1 5.8 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.6 3.5 2.5 <.1 0.6 5,033 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
3.1 1.5 18.5 <.1 8.7 53.2 3.1 11.8 5,787

2009
3.4 1.2 20.4 <.1 8.0 53.2 2.6 11.2 4,947

2010
3.5 1.5 21.4 <.1 8.6 52.5 3.2 9.1 4,876

2011
4.2 1.0 21.3 0.1 9.3 51.1 3.0 10.0 5,033

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
WISCONSIN | CONTEXT DATA | 362

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 0.6 2.0 49.0 19.3 28.4 0.0 4.7 5,787

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
0.9 1.3 53.4 19.5 28.3 0.0 0.0 4,876

2009
1.2 1.4 52.1 20.9 28.1 0.0 0.0 4,947

2011
1.0 <.1 53.2 20.9 28.5 0.0 0.0 5,033 Mean Median

2008
146.9 >72 but<96

2009
168.5 >72 but<96

2010
151.0 >72 but<96

2011
131.4 >72 but<96

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 7,227 13.9 7,166 14.7 6,529 15.4 6,397 14.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4,997 N/A 4,524 N/A 4,497 N/A 4,413 N/A

2008
4,619 9.8

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4,772 11.2 4,319 11.9 4,179 11.2

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

7,610 14.5 6,919 15.0 6,710 13.8 6,637 13.8

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 5.5 6.4 6.1 6.3 4.8 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.7 5.2 6.4 8.2 9.7 8.7 1.8 0.2 <.1 <.1 5.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.6 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.4 6.2 8.1 9.7 8.3 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 5.4 6.8 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.6 4.1 5.1 8.1 9.0 8.6 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 5.1 6.9 7.0 6.2 5.8 5.3 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.5 5.0 6.7 9.3 8.3 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

14.0 6.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.9 7.6 9.9 9.9 3.4 <.1 0.0 0.0 <.1 15.0 6.8 5.9 5.5 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.2 5.0 7.0 9.0 9.4 4.0 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.7 6.8 6.6 5.9 5.0 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.6 6.5 9.0 9.4 4.3 0.1 <.1 0.0 0.0 14.1 7.7 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.8 5.3 6.2 7.6 8.4 3.6 <.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2008
4.9 6.5 5.3 5.8 5.3 4.3 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.9 5.0 7.1 9.5 11.1 6.6 0.5 <.1 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

4.7 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.9 4.4 6.5 9.3 9.8 7.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 4.4 6.1 6.9 6.7 5.9 5.0 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.8 3.5 4.5 6.0 8.2 11.6 5.9 0.8 0.0 <.1 4.3 6.5 7.0 6.5 5.7 5.5 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.4 4.4 5.8 7.6 10.9 6.1 0.5 0.0 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.0 6.9 6.5 5.8 5.6 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.4 6.2 8.2 9.9 8.2 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.4 6.8 6.7 6.1 5.7 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.1 5.2 8.3 9.2 8.4 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 5.1 6.9 6.9 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.8 4.5 5.1 6.9 9.4 8.2 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 5.2 7.0 7.4 6.2 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.9 8.2 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.6

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 3.8 1.0 37.2 <.1 8.2 44.4 4.5 0.6 0.2 3.5 0.8 37.0 <.1 9.2 43.9 4.5 0.7 0.4 4.1 0.8 37.1 <.1 9.2 43.1 4.7 0.6 0.3 4.0 0.6 35.9 <.1 9.5 44.2 4.7 0.9 0.2

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.1 1.6 28.0 0.1 9.8 50.0 4.0 1.1 1.3 4.7 1.2 27.7 0.0 10.0 49.2 4.1 1.6 1.5 4.7 1.3 27.2 <.1 9.9 50.2 4.2 1.8 0.8 4.3 0.9 30.8 0.1 11.1 45.6 4.6 1.5 1.1

2008
4.4 1.9 28.4 <.1 8.8 50.6 3.9 1.1 0.9

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.9 1.2 29.2 0.1 10.2 49.3 4.2 1.2 0.6 4.5 1.6 29.5 <.1 9.8 48.8 4.3 1.1 0.3 4.3 1.0 31.9 <.1 10.9 45.9 4.3 1.1 0.5

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.6 0.9 36.5 <.1 8.9 44.4 4.5 0.7 0.5 4.0 0.8 36.2 <.1 8.9 43.6 4.5 0.9 0.9 4.2 0.6 35.4 <.1 9.3 44.2 4.6 1.1 0.6 4.1 0.5 35.0 <.1 9.6 44.0 4.9 1.2 0.7

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WISCONSIN | CONTEXT DATA | 363

D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 1,361 746

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
1,281 641

2010
1,169 567

2011
1,179 654 Total children adopted

2008
722

2009
769

2010
755

2011
669

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 2.8 8.5 8.3 8.0 8.4 7.2 6.8 4.8 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.5 4.5 3.7 4.6 4.0 3.4 4.0

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
3.3 6.6 9.0 9.6 8.2 8.4 7.2 6.2 6.1 5.0 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.2 5.1 2.7

2009
2.8 6.7 10.3 9.1 8.1 7.5 6.2 6.9 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.1 3.4 3.8 2.8 4.8 3.7 2.8

2011
2.9 5.9 10.1 10.5 8.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.1 3.4 4.7 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
6.6 11.4 11.4 13.0 8.3 6.6 7.5 4.7 5.3 4.6 3.7 3.3 2.8 3.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0

2009
6.6 12.1 11.7 11.2 10.3 7.4 8.2 4.0 3.8 5.9 3.8 3.4 4.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
6.2 8.2 13.5 10.3 11.1 8.2 7.2 6.1 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.6 2.9 2.5 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
7.8 11.5 11.8 9.3 8.5 8.4 7.8 6.1 6.4 4.2 4.5 4.3 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 2.6 0.8 43.6 0.0 9.0 37.8 5.8 0.3 <.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 5.5 1.4 32.0 0.1 8.0 45.8 6.6 0.4 0.0

2009
3.4 0.9 44.3 0.0 10.9 34.6 4.8 0.5 0.5

2010
3.1 0.6 42.7 0.0 11.6 35.2 5.6 0.8 0.4

2011
2.4 0.4 42.5 <.1 10.9 37.5 5.3 0.6 0.3

2009
3.6 0.8 31.7 0.0 9.9 46.8 6.6 0.5 0.0

2010
3.4 0.7 32.6 0.0 10.7 46.1 5.8 0.4 0.3

2011
3.6 0.4 32.0 0.0 11.7 43.6 7.3 1.3 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WISCONSIN | CONTEXT DATA | 364

Wisconsin

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 94.3 5.7 2,390

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.25 99.75 12,224

2009
95.4 4.6 2,226

2010
94.4 5.6 2,178

2011
95.4 4.6 2,208

2009
0.24 99.76 11,690

2010
0.35 99.65 11,026

2011
0.34 99.66 10,810

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 13.4 2.8 69.8 12.9 1.1 4,619

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
15.6 9.2 62.4 12.8 <.1 4,179 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
14.5 5.0 67.8 12.2 0.4 4,772

2010
16.1 8.7 62.2 12.9 <.1 4,319

2008
29.8 2.5 47.5 19.0 1.3 796

2009
30.3 3.2 47.2 19.0 0.3 937

2010
31.9 3.8 45.0 19.3 0.0 997

2011

33.1
4.6
42.2
20.2
0.0
965

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.9 1.4 70.1 25.8 1.8 1,683

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 25.3 74.5 0.2 487

2009
0.5 2.7 70.3 25.8 0.7 1,604

2010
1.0 3.7 66.6 28.7 0.0 1,452

2011
0.8 3.4 65.2 30.6 <.1 1,343

2009
28.6 71.4 0.0 472

2010
22.7 77.1 0.2 449

2011
21.9 78.1 0.0 448

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 15.8 1.0 72.9 9.9 0.5 203

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

12.0 3.3 77.2 7.6 0.0 184 10.7 6.1 70.4 12.8 0.0 196 15.2 2.8 71.9 10.1 0.0 178

2008
10.3 9.2 73.6 5.7 1.1 87

Asian 2009 2010

8.5 0.0 76.3 15.3 0.0 59 7.0 5.6 77.5 9.9 0.0 71

Black 2011
7.3 2.4 87.8 2.4 0.0 41

2008
15.2 3.4 63.5 16.1 1.8 1,314

2009
16.4 5.5 62.3 14.8 0.9 1,395

2010
18.8 11.7 53.9 15.6 0.0 1,273

2011
16.0 11.4 56.3 16.3 <.1 1,335

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 60.0 40.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 4

2008
14.3 4.4 71.2 9.4 0.7 406

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

13.5 2.9 76.3 6.7 0.6 489 17.5 9.7 63.2 9.7 0.0 424

2011
15.5 10.7 66.3 7.4 0.0 457

2008
11.9 2.3 72.1 12.9 0.9 2,335

White 2009 2010

13.6 5.5 68.5 12.4 0.1 2,353 15.0 7.3 65.2 12.4 <.1 2,106

2011
14.6 8.2 64.6 12.6 0.0 1,919

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 6.1 2.0 81.6 8.2 2.0 49

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

7.3 1.8 81.8 9.1 0.0 55 6.3 4.2 81.3 8.3 0.0 48

2011
17.4 2.2 71.7 8.7 0.0 46

2008
21.4 1.1 68.1 9.3 0.0 182

Two or More Races 2009 2010

23.9 4.5 60.2 10.9 0.5 201 21.1 7.6 61.1 10.3 0.0 185

2011
26.8 9.5 52.5 11.2 0.0 179

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 40

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 3.2 90.3 3.2 3.2 31 0.0 0.0 92.9 7.1 0.0 14

2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 20

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

WISCONSIN | OUTCOMES DATA | 365

4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 72.6 17.6 5.4 2.1 2.1 0.1 3,225

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
67.9 20.2 7.2 2.3 2.3 <.1 3,237

2010
70.6 18.8 5.3 2.5 2.6 <.1 2,687

2011
74.4 16.5 4.6 2.1 2.1 0.2 2,606 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
75.0 14.4 10.6 0.0 4,997

2009
74.9 14.1 11.0 <.1 4,524

2010
74.4 15.4 10.1 <.1 4,497

2011
76.3 13.0 10.7 <.1 4,413

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 9.2 26.7 27.3 22.5 14.2 0.0 618

2009
9.8 24.5 28.3 22.4 15.0 0.0 693

2010
8.5 18.2 36.0 23.7 13.6 0.0 697

2011
7.4 23.0 28.3 21.0 20.3 0.0 651

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 85.3 14.6 <.1 5,889 86.7 13.3 <.1 5,381 87.3 12.7 0.0 5,207 87.5 12.5 0.0 5,258

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
62.4 37.6 <.1 2,752 64.7 35.3 0.0 2,642 67.9 32.1 0.0 2,374 66.7 33.3 0.0 2,382

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

39.5 60.5 0.0 3,558 40.7 59.3 0.0 3,657 42.5 57.5 0.0 3,422 44.6 55.4 0.0 3,162

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

100.0 0.0 0.0 25 100.0 0.0 0.0 10 95.7 4.3 0.0 23 75.0 25.0 0.0 8

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 2.8 2.3 94.9 0.0 3,182

2009
2.3 2.2 95.5 <.1 2,956

2010
1.9 2.7 95.5 0.0 2,955

2011
1.3 2.0 96.7 0.0 3,025

WISCONSIN | OUTCOMES DATA | 366

Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 97.4 69.7

2009
101.8 65.3

2010
106.1 67.3

2011
103.9 72.2

6.8

7.6

7.1

7.1

48.0 22.6

47.8 18.8

46.1 17.9

47.2 21.0

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 116.9 35.9 30.1 15.7

2009
118.5 34.3 29.9 18.3

2010
117.3 26.5 31.8 21.3

2011
119.8 30.4 32.1 20.5

8.3

8.2

10.5

13.0

73.5

71.3

75.4

75.2

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 117.7 24.6 97.0

2009
119.8 29.8 94.5

2010
129.1 31.8 96.7

2011
128.1 31.4 96.4

46.7

46.6

39.8

38.0

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 98.1 84.0 62.4 39.7

2009
100.6 85.4 64.7 41.2

2010
103.7 86.3 68.1 43.4

2011
103.9 86.6 66.7 45.4

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

WISCONSIN | OUTCOMES DATA | 367

Wisconsin

S TAT E C O M M E N T
Fredi-Ellen Bove, Administrator
Division of Safety and Permanence
Department of Children and Families

The following are Wisconsins comments on the State data presented in Child Welfare Outcomes 20082011: Report to Congress. The mission of the Department is to improve the economic and social well-being of Wisconsins children, youth and families. The Department is committed to protecting children and youth, strengthening families, and supporting communities. The five overarching goals are: 1. Make certain children and youth are nurtured, safe and engaged. 2. Engage fathers in the lives of their children. 3. Provide families access to quality early care and education. 4. Promote economic security and stability for parents. 5. Enhance prevention and early intervention efforts throughout Wisconsin. Wisconsins child welfare program is primarily a State-supervised, county-administered system. The DCF directly administers the child protective services in Milwaukee County and the special needs adoption program statewide. Child welfare services are administered at the county level and supervised by the DCF in the remaining 71 counties in the State. The out-of-home care, or foster care, population served in Wisconsin includes children who were or are placed in out-of-home care under a court order or through a formal voluntary placement agreement. Placements may be due to concerns related to child safety or to status offenses and/or delinquent behaviors that affect the childs ability to remain safely in his or her home. The inclusion of the juvenile justice population has an impact on the permanency measure, particularly the States reentry rate. DCF evaluates and monitors program improvement initiatives related to the CFSR data measures and other critical areas of system performance on a regular basis through its quality improvement program called KidStat.

WISCONSIN | STATE COMMENT | 368

Wyoming

C O N T E X T DATA
A. Context Statistics1
General Child Population (Census Bureau)2
2008
Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%)3 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Child population in poverty (%) 128,990 3.3 0.8 1.8 0.1 12.0 79.3 2.5 11.6

Child Welfare Summary4

2010
135,155 3.0 0.6 0.8 <.1 13.5 79.3 2.7 14.3

2009
132,025 3.3 0.9 2.0 0.1 12.5 78.6 2.7 12.6

2011
134,937 3.0 0.7 1.0 <.1 13.8 78.5 2.9 X Child maltreatment victims Foster care entry rate Children in foster care on 9/30 Children adopted

2008
713 8.5 1,188 84

2009
727 8.6 1,207 71

2010
744 7.3 1,025 69

2011
718 7.4 918 66

Caseworker Visits for Children in Foster Care5

2008
Children receiving monthly visits (%) Numerator Denominator Children receiving visits in the home (%) Numerator Denominator 67 1,252 1,881 62 4,922 7,904

2009
71 1,302 1,839 58 4,606 7,936

2010
71 1,185 1,660 64 4,624 7,181

2011
82 1,283 1,573 64 5,013 7,851

B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System [NCANDS])
Overview Maltreatment Information6
Number
Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment Total child maltreatment victims7 Child fatalities 4,880 713 1

2008

Rate

Number
5,541 727 0

2009

Rate

Number
6,895 744 1

2010

Rate

Number
6,478 718 1

2011

Rate

37.8 per 1,000 5.5 per 1,000 0.8 per 100,000

42.0 per 1,000 5.5 per 1,000 0.0 per 100,000

51.0 per 1,000 5.5 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

48.0 per 1,000 5.3 per 1,000 0.7 per 100,000

Age of Child Victims (%)

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18+ years Missing data Number 11.4 9.3 8.0 7.9 7.7 6.5 5.5 5.2 4.6 4.3 3.4 3.9 5.3 3.4 4.5 5.0 2.2 1.8 0.0 0.1 713

Race/Ethnicity of Child Victims (%)

2009
13.9 8.8 9.1 6.2 6.9 5.6 4.8 6.7 4.1 3.7 5.6 4.0 5.1 4.0 4.3 2.8 2.9 1.2 0.1 0.1 727

2010
10.5 7.9 7.3 9.0 9.4 7.9 6.7 5.2 5.1 5.4 4.3 4.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.8 3.2 1.9 0.1 0.1 744

2011
11.6 7.7 7.2 8.8 6.8 7.2 4.5 5.8 5.2 6.8 5.0 5.7 4.3 3.1 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.1 0.4 0.0 718 Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Missing data Number

2008
2.2 0.6 3.4 0.0 9.4 74.9 1.5 8.0 713

2009
1.5 0.0 2.8 0.1 10.7 73.5 0.1 11.3 727

2010
0.8 0.1 1.7 0.0 13.3 74.6 0.1 9.3 744

2011
1.8 0.0 3.6 0.1 13.1 74.5 0.4 6.4 718

The source data for each table is indicated in parentheses for each section. A calendar year is the basis for data from the Census Bureau. Most of the other data on these pages are from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) or the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) and are based on the Federal fiscal year, October 1 through September 30. 2 The total child population and data on race/ethnicity represent estimates from the Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html). Child poverty data are from the Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS). Child poverty data for 2011 were not available for inclusion in this report; however, they will be included in the 20092012 report. 3 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin. 4 Data on child maltreatment victims are from NCANDS. Data on foster care entry rate, children in foster care on 9/30, and children adopted are from AFCARS. A child victim is defined as a child who is the subject of a maltreatment report for which the disposition is substantiated, indicated, or alternative response victim. The rate for foster care entry is per 1,000 children in the State population. 5 All States have the option of using an approved sampling procedure for the caseworker visits reporting requirement. See appendix C for more information and a list of States using sampling methodology. 6 The rate for maltreatment investigations and victims is per 1,000 children under age 18; for fatalities, the rate is per 100,000 children under age 18. 7 Children with more than one report of substantiated or indicated maltreatment may be counted more than once.
WYOMING | CONTEXT DATA | 369

B. Child Maltreatment Data (NCANDS) Continued

Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%)8
2008
Emotional abuse Medical neglect Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse Missing data Other Number 9.5 1.7 74.1 6.2 10.7 0.0 2.8 713

Time to Investigation (in hours)

2010
18.5 0.7 68.8 6.5 9.0 0.0 3.5 744

2009
12.7 1.2 68.8 7.8 12.2 0.0 3.7 727

2011
18.0 0.7 73.5 4.7 9.7 0.0 1.3 718 Mean Median

2008
17.0 <24

2009
17.5 <24

2010
15.0 <24

2011
21.4 <24

C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care

(Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System [AFCARS] Foster Care File)

Overview Foster Care Information

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total number Median length of stay (months) 1,148 10.8 1,100 9.5 1,018 8.4 913 9.4

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,094 N/A 1,137 N/A 990 N/A 998 N/A

2008
1,054 9.5

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

1,030 8.1 983 8.1 993 6.9

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,188 9.6 1,207 9.5 1,025 9.3 918 9.5

Age of Children in Foster Care (%)

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Missing data 3.0 4.2 5.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 3.7 3.5 4.1 2.6 4.2 2.8 3.7 3.7 6.8 9.8 12.9 11.8 2.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 5.0 4.7 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.6 4.4 7.8 10.6 13.1 11.1 3.7 0.8 0.5 <.1 3.0 5.7 5.5 4.6 5.7 4.6 3.4 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.4 4.9 7.1 8.1 10.6 10.1 2.8 1.1 0.2 0.6 4.3 4.3 7.1 4.4 5.3 5.4 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.3 4.3 4.3 3.5 5.4 4.4 11.1 9.5 8.3 2.1 1.1 0.2 0.1

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

7.0 5.7 5.7 4.1 4.2 3.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 4.1 5.8 8.8 14.4 13.5 6.9 0.8 <.1 0.0 0.0 7.7 6.0 5.8 5.5 4.7 3.5 3.0 4.0 2.3 2.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 5.5 8.0 11.2 14.2 6.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 5.8 5.5 4.0 4.9 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.7 2.1 3.6 5.1 7.8 10.6 13.3 8.4 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 8.0 4.3 4.3 5.6 3.5 4.7 2.6 3.7 2.4 4.5 2.6 2.5 5.0 5.8 8.4 10.8 12.0 8.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0

2008
2.1 4.9 6.4 4.8 4.1 5.6 3.6 2.1 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.0 3.8 4.5 9.1 11.9 12.1 8.0 0.6 <.1 <.1

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

3.7 5.0 5.3 4.4 5.2 3.8 3.2 2.2 2.8 2.2 3.1 1.9 1.7 3.6 6.5 10.1 14.3 12.3 6.8 1.2 0.4 0.2 2.6 4.7 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.5 2.8 3.4 3.9 2.4 3.2 2.3 3.4 4.0 5.7 7.9 11.3 13.7 7.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 3.3 3.8 4.5 6.4 4.0 5.2 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.4 2.9 3.6 4.0 5.9 8.3 12.8 12.0 4.9 0.8 0.3 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

3.6 4.5 4.1 5.2 4.6 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.3 4.2 7.6 10.8 13.7 11.5 4.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 2.8 5.6 5.1 4.8 5.4 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.6 2.9 4.1 4.6 7.0 8.5 11.5 10.7 3.5 1.3 0.5 <.1 3.9 4.0 6.7 4.5 5.4 4.8 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 4.0 3.8 3.2 5.3 5.0 11.6 10.0 9.0 2.3 1.2 0.3 0.6 4.0 5.6 4.7 5.4 3.9 4.7 4.5 3.4 3.5 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.7 5.1 7.1 9.3 10.3 7.6 2.5 0.7 0.9 0.1

Race/Ethnicity of Children in Foster Care (%)9

In Foster Care on 10/1 2008 2009 2010 2011
Alaska Native/ American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 1.5 0.2 3.1 <.1 12.2 76.6 1.2 5.1 0.0 1.2 0.3 4.2 0.0 12.8 76.8 1.1 3.6 0.0 2.2 <.1 5.1 0.0 11.2 75.6 1.6 4.2 0.0 2.7 0.1 4.4 0.0 12.9 74.0 1.1 4.7 0.0

Entered Foster Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.5 0.3 3.7 0.0 11.4 74.0 1.0 8.0 0.0 2.6 0.2 4.0 <.1 13.0 71.2 0.6 8.3 0.0 1.8 0.5 2.7 0.0 12.5 75.8 0.5 6.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 3.4 0.2 12.4 74.9 0.7 6.6 0.0

2008
2.2 0.2 3.1 <.1 11.4 74.5 0.9 7.6 0.0

Exited Foster Care 2009 2010 2011

2.0 0.4 3.3 <.1 13.7 73.6 0.4 6.5 0.0 1.5 0.4 3.7 0.0 11.0 77.2 1.1 5.1 0.0 2.7 0.1 3.4 0.1 12.2 73.3 0.7 7.5 0.0

In Foster Care on 9/30 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.8 0.3 3.7 0.0 12.2 76.1 1.3 5.6 0.0 1.8 <.1 4.8 0.0 12.3 74.2 1.2 5.6 0.0 2.4 0.2 4.2 0.0 12.7 74.2 1.0 5.3 0.0 1.6 0.0 4.4 0.1 13.2 75.8 1.1 3.8 0.0

8 9

Percentages may total more than 100 because children can be victims of more than one type of maltreatment. All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption10 (AFCARS Foster Care File)

Children Waiting for Adoption
2008
Total waiting children Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated 97 48

E. Characteristics of Children Adopted

(AFCARS Adoption File)

Children Adopted
2009
79 38

2010
91 40

2011
100 28 Total children adopted

2008
84

2009
71

2010
69

2011
66

Age of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)11

2008
Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 0.0 2.1 5.2 5.2 8.2 5.2 5.2 7.2 8.2 8.2 4.1 8.2 5.2 5.2 7.2 5.2 6.2 4.1

Age of Children Adopted (%)

2010
1.1 4.4 2.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.6 8.8 5.5 4.4 9.9 5.5 3.3 6.6 8.8 6.6 5.5 4.4

2009
3.8 2.5 6.3 3.8 2.5 2.5 5.1 5.1 7.6 8.9 7.6 3.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 5.1 5.1

2011
0.0 6.0 5.0 10.0 7.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 7.0 3.0 8.0 7.0 4.0 6.0 9.0 6.0 5.0 Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years

2008
2.4 7.1 8.3 11.9 7.1 11.9 8.3 3.6 10.7 4.8 6.0 3.6 3.6 4.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0

2009
1.4 8.5 8.5 14.1 15.5 7.0 9.9 1.4 7.0 5.6 5.6 4.2 0.0 1.4 4.2 0.0 1.4 2.8 1.4 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 10.1 15.9 18.8 4.3 7.2 4.3 7.2 5.8 5.8 2.9 2.9 1.4 2.9 5.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011
3.0 12.1 7.6 9.1 7.6 9.1 10.6 10.6 4.5 7.6 1.5 4.5 6.1 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Waiting for Adoption (%)12

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 12.4 83.5 1.0 0.0 0.0

Race/Ethnicity of Children Adopted (%)

2008
Alaska Native/American Indian Asian Black Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Two or more races Unknown Missing data 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 17.9 71.4 4.8 3.6 0.0

2009
0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 6.3 87.3 1.3 2.5 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 16.5 0.0 5.5 68.1 3.3 6.6 0.0

2011
2.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 9.0 67.0 1.0 9.0 0.0

2009
2.8 0.0 4.2 0.0 14.1 78.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010
0.0 0.0 5.8 0.0 4.3 85.5 1.4 2.9 0.0

2011
1.5 0.0 10.6 0.0 3.0 74.2 3.0 7.6 0.0

10

There is no Federal definition for a child waiting to be adopted. The definition used in the tables on this page includes children and youth through age 17 who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. It excludes children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation. A States own definition may differ from that used here. 11 Children older than 17 years fall outside of the definition used to identify waiting children and are therefore excluded from this table. 12 For race/ethnicity tables, all races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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Wyoming

O U TC O M E S DATA
1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)
1.1 Recurrence of Maltreatment Within 6 Months (%)
2008
Children without a recurrence Children with one or more recurrences Number 95.0 5.0 357

2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care

(NCANDS and AFCARS Foster Care File)

2.1 Maltreatment in Foster Care (%)

2008
Children maltreated while in foster care Children not maltreated while in foster care Number 0.45 99.55 2,242

2009
97.1 2.9 340

2010
98.0 2.0 356

2011
99.0 1.0 311

2009
0.13 99.87 2,237

2010
0.00 100.00 2,008

2011
<.1 99.95 1,911

3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS Foster Care File)
3.1 Exits of Children From Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 8.4 8.3 75.8 6.3 1.1 1,054

3.2 Exits of Children With a Diagnosed Disability (%)

2011
6.8 7.8 73.2 12.2 0.0 993 Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number

2009
6.6 4.8 82.4 5.7 0.5 1,030

2010
6.7 5.3 76.9 11.1 0.0 983

2008
19.9 8.9 59.6 9.6 2.1 146

2009
13.3 6.2 69.9 10.6 0.0 113

2010
16.7 5.0 61.7 16.7 0.0 120

2011
14.5
6.9
65.3
13.3
0.0
173

3.3 Exits of Children Older Than Age 12 at Entry Into Foster Care (%)
2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.4 3.2 83.0 12.4 1.1 476

3.4 Exits to Emancipation (%)

2008
Children age 12 or younger at entry Children older than 12 at entry Missing data Number 4.7 95.3 0.0 43

2009
0.6 2.3 87.1 9.3 0.8 529

2010
0.4 2.2 82.0 15.4 0.0 462

2011
0.2 3.3 74.4 22.0 0.0 450

2009
8.1 91.9 0.0 37

2010
8.1 91.9 0.0 37

2011
8.3 91.7 0.0 24

3.5 Exits by Race/Ethnicity (%)13

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 4.3 95.7 0.0 0.0 23

Alaska Native/Am. Indian 2009 2010 2011

9.5 0.0 76.2 14.3 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 93.3 6.7 0.0 15 3.7 22.2 48.1 25.9 0.0 27

2008
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Asian 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 4

Black 2011
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
6.1 6.1 72.7 15.2 0.0 33

2009
8.8 2.9 82.4 5.9 0.0 34

2010
8.3 5.6 75.0 11.1 0.0 36

2011
20.6 5.9 58.8 14.7 0.0 34

Native Hawaiian/Other Pac. Is. 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

2008
11.7 5.8 77.5 4.2 0.8 120

Hispanic (of any race) 2009 2010

6.4 5.7 83.0 3.5 1.4 141 1.9 8.3 79.6 10.2 0.0 108

2011
1.7 12.4 71.9 14.0 0.0 121

2008
8.4 9.3 75.0 6.1 1.1 785

White 2009 2010

7.1 5.0 81.7 5.8 0.4 758 7.8 5.4 75.4 11.5 0.0 759

2011
7.3 6.7 74.6 11.4 0.0 728

2008
Adoption Guardianship Reunification Other Missing data Number 3.8 6.3 80.0 7.5 2.5 80

Unable to Determine 2009 2010

0.0 1.5 91.0 7.5 0.0 67 2.0 0.0 86.0 12.0 0.0 50

2011
4.1 5.4 79.7 10.8 0.0 74

2008
40.0 0.0 50.0 10.0 0.0 10

Two or More Races 2009 2010

0.0 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 4 9.1 0.0 90.9 0.0 0.0 11

2011
28.6 14.3 42.9 14.3 0.0 7

2008
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Missing Data 2009 2010

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

2011
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

13

All races exclude children of Hispanic origin.

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4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS Foster Care File)
4.1 Time to Reunification (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos., but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos., but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos., but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 68.3 23.0 5.0 1.6 0.8 1.3 799

4.2 Children Reentering Foster Care (%)

2009
72.2 20.8 3.4 0.9 1.6 0.9 849

2010
74.6 19.0 3.6 0.7 1.5 0.7 756

2011
77.2 15.8 3.3 1.7 0.7 1.4 727 Children entering care for the first time Children reentering care within 12 mos. of a prior episode Children reentering care more than 12 mos. after a prior episode Missing data Number

2008
73.4 12.1 11.3 3.2 1,094

2009
72.8 12.2 12.1 2.8 1,137

2010
70.8 15.6 11.0 2.6 990

2011
69.3 14.8 14.6 1.2 998

5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS Foster Care File)

5.1 Time to Adoption (%)
2008
Less than 12 mos. At least 12 mos. but less than 24 mos. At least 24 mos. but less than 36 mos. At least 36 mos. but less than 48 mos. 48 or more mos. Missing data Number 3.4 24.7 28.1 28.1 15.7 0.0 89

2009
8.8 27.9 25.0 20.6 17.6 0.0 68

2010
3.0 31.8 30.3 15.2 18.2 1.5 66

2011
10.3 32.4 29.4 16.2 11.8 0.0 68

6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS Foster Care File)

6.1 Number of Placements by Time in Care (%)
In Care Less Than 12 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
Children with 2 or fewer placements Children with 3 or more placements Missing placement setting counts Number 84.7 12.8 2.5 1,312 82.9 13.7 3.4 1,354 86.2 12.0 1.8 1,226 87.1 11.8 1.2 1,217

In Care at Least 12 Months but Less Than 24 Months 2008 2009 2010 2011
60.8 39.2 0.0 487 59.1 39.6 1.4 508 56.5 42.9 0.7 434 60.2 39.8 0.0 377

In Care for 24 Months or Longer 2008 2009 2010 2011

38.7 61.3 0.0 429 38.5 61.5 0.0 364 36.5 63.2 0.3 337 32.7 67.3 0.0 303

Missing Time in Care 2008 2009 2010 2011

92.9 0.0 7.1 14 100.0 0.0 0.0 11 100.0 0.0 0.0 11 92.9 0.0 7.1 14

7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions

(AFCARS Foster Care File)

7.1 Most Recent Placement Settings of Children Who Entered Care During the Fiscal Year and Were Age 12 or Younger at the Time of This Placement (%)
2008
Group homes Institutions Other settings Missing data Number 3.2 3.3 93.5 0.0 538

2009
3.4 3.1 93.5 0.0 611

2010
2.7 3.5 93.8 0.0 516

2011
3.4 2.7 93.9 0.0 525

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Composite and Individual Measures Established for the Federal Child and Family Services Reviews14 (AFCARS Foster Care File)
Composite 1: Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification15
2008
Composite Score16 C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? 116.6 71.3

2009
122.0 73.4

2010
129.0 75.0

2011
123.3 76.3

7.4

7.0

6.7

6.1

57.5 15.3

56.1 15.2

59.8 13.6

55.4 15.1

Composite 2: Timeliness of Adoptions

2008
Composite Score C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from the home to the date of discharge to adoption? C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year?17 C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? 130.2 28.1 32.9 24.9

2009
127.8 36.8 31.1 20.5

2010
119.0 35.4 28.7 20.9

2011
135.5 42.6 25.9 19.8

7.0

7.1

10.7

9.9

78.3

73.5

79.3

78.3

Composite 3: Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time18
2008
Composite Score C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year? C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? 157.0 40.1 95.8

2009
152.3 35.2 98.1

2010
156.2 41.6 92.3

2011
144.4 31.6 92.2

18.9

17.7

16.0

20.9

Composite 4: Placement Stability While in Foster Care19

2008
Composite Score C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? 97.0 85.7 60.8 38.5

2009
96.1 84.2 60.2 40.0

2010
95.6 86.4 57.1 37.4

2011
96.9 86.9 60.3 34.3

14 15

Individual measure performance is shown under each composite unless the State did not provide the data necessary to calculate those measures. Calculation of measures C1.1, C1.2, and C1.3 includes a trial home visit adjustment. For these measures, if a child was reunified with a final placement type of trial home visit, any length of time in the trial home visit beyond 30 days is excluded from the length of stay calculation done by ACF. In addition, only children in care for at least 8 days are included in these measures. Detailed information on how the individual measures are combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register Announcement published by the Department of Health and Human Services on the Childrens Bureau website (http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm). Legally free means that there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father. This calculation excludes children who, by the end of the first 6 months of the fiscal year, had discharged from foster care to reunification, living with relative, or guardianship. A permanent home is defined as having a discharge reason of adoption, guardianship, or reunification (including living with relative). The served population refers to all children who were in the public foster care system during the year. This number is the sum of two mutually exclusive groups of children: the children who are already in care on the first day of the fiscal year (as of October 1) and the children who enter foster care during the year. An individual child is counted only once for each year.

16 17 18 19

WYOMING | OUTCOMES DATA | 374

Introduction Appendix A

Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-89)

SEC. 203. Performance of States in Protecting Children. (a) ANNUAL REPORT ON STATE PERFORMANCE.Part E of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.) is amended by addition at the end of the following: SEC. 479A. Annual Report.
The Secretary, in consultation with Governors, state legislatures, state and local public officials responsible for administering child
welfare programs, and child welfare advocates, shall:
(1) develop a set of outcome measures (including length of stay in foster care, number of foster care placements, and number of adoptions) that can be used to assess the performance of states in operating child protection and child welfare programs pursuant to parts B and E to ensure the safety of children; (2) to the maximum extent possible, the outcome measures should be developed from data available from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System; (3) develop a system for rating the performance of states with respect to the outcome measures and provide to the states an explanation of the rating system and how scores are determined under the rating system; (4) prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to ensure that states provide to the Secretary the data necessary to determine state performance with respect to each outcome measure, as a condition of the state receiving funds under this part; and (5) on May 1, 1999, and annually thereafter, prepare and submit to the Congress a report on the performance of each state on each outcome measure, which shall examine the reasons for high performance and low performance and, where possible, make recommendations as to how state performance could be improved.

Appendix A | A-1

Introduction Appendix B
Child Welfare Outcomes Report: Outcomes and Measures
The 12 Original Outcome Measures for the Child Welfare Outcomes Report

Outcome 1: Reduce recurrence of child abuse and/or neglect

Measure 1.1: Of all children who were victims of substantiated or indicated child abuse and/or neglect during the first 6 months of the year, what percentage had another substantiated or indicated report within a 6-month period?1

Outcome 2: Reduce the incidence of child abuse and/or neglect in foster care
Measure 2.1: Of all children who were in foster care during the year, what percentage were the subject of substantiated or indicated maltreatment by a foster parent or facility staff?

Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care

Measure 3.1: Of all children who exited foster care during the year, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship? Measure 3.2: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were identified as having a diagnosed disability, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship? Measure 3.3: Of all children who exited foster care during the year and were older than age 12 at the time of their most recent entry into care, what percentage left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship? Measure 3.4: Of all children exiting foster care during the year to emancipation, what percentage were age 12 or younger at the time of entry into care? Measure 3.5: Of all children who exited foster care during the year, what percentage by racial/ethnic category left either to reunification, adoption, or legal guardianship?

Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry

Measure 4.1: Of all children reunified with their parents or caretakers at the time of discharge from foster care during the year, what percentage were reunified in the following time periods? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Less than 12 months from the time of latest removal from home At least 12 months but less than 24 months At least 24 months but less than 36 months At least 36 months but less than 48 months 48 or more months

Measure 4.2: Of all children who entered foster care during the year, what percentage reentered care: (a) (b)
1

Within 12 months of a prior foster care episode? More than 12 months after a prior foster care episode?

In this report, all references to year indicate a federal fiscal year (October 1 through September 30). Although alternate years are never used in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs) sometimes use alternate 12-month time periods in order to track progress over time.
Appendix B | B-1

Outcome 5: Reduce time in foster care to adoption

Measure 5.1: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year to a finalized adoption, what percentage exited care in the following time periods? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Less than 12 months from the time of latest removal from home At least 12 months but less than 24 months At least 24 months but less than 36 months At least 36 months but less than 48 months 48 or more months

Outcome 6: Increase placement stability

Measure 6.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who had been in care for the time periods listed below, what percentage had no more than two placement settings during that time period? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Less than 12 months from the time of latest removal from home At least 12 months but less than 24 months At least 24 months but less than 36 months At least 36 months but less than 48 months 48 or more months

Outcome 7: Reduce placements of young children in group homes or institutions

Measure 7.1: Of all children who entered foster care during the year and were age 12 or younger at the time of their most recent placement, what percentage were placed in a group home or an institution? The 15 Outcome Measures Developed for the Second Round of the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs) Although some of the 15 CFSR measures are similar to the original outcome measures developed for the Child Welfare Outcomes
Report, an important difference is that the calculation for all CFSR measures excludes children who were age 18 or older on the first
day of the year. The calculation for the original measures does not exclude this population. A key reason for the exclusion of these
children in the CFSR measures is to ensure greater consistency across states. States vary considerably with regard to their reporting of
children age 18 or older to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). Some states do not report these
children, some states report all children in foster care regardless of age, and some states report only some of the children age 18 or
older in foster care.
The 15 CFSR measures included in the Child Welfare Outcomes Report are incorporated into four separate data composites.
The measures subsumed under each composite are presented below. The detailed information on how the individual measures are
combined to form the composites is provided in the Federal Register announcement published by the Department on the Childrens
Bureau website at:
www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/cwmonitoring/legislation/fed_reg.htm

Permanency Composite 1: Timeliness and permanency of reunifications

This composite addresses issues relevant to Outcome 4: Reduce time in foster care to reunification without increasing reentry. The Department considers children as discharged from foster care to reunification if the reason for discharge reported to AFCARS is either reunification with parent or primary caretaker or living with other relative. It is important to note that the discharge reason of living with other relatives only applies to children discharged from foster care to the care of a relative. It does not apply to

Appendix B | B-2

children in the foster care system in out-of-home placements with relatives, and it does not apply to children discharged from foster care to a legal guardian, even if the legal guardian is a relative. The calculation of three of the measures included in permanency composite 1 (C1) excludes children who were discharged from foster care in less than 8 days, and incorporates a trial home visit adjustment, when relevant. These are explained below. Exclusions of children discharged from foster care in less than 8 days. The calculation of some of the CFSR measures excludes children who were discharged from foster care in less than 8 days from the time of entry. This exclusion was not part of the calculation of any of the original child welfare outcomes measures. When the exclusion is incorporated, it is stated explicitly in the wording of the measure. The decision to exclude these children from the calculation of some of the measures, particularly the timeliness of reunification measures, was based on two factors: (1) the extensive variation across states in the percentages of children discharged from foster care after having been in foster care for very short periods of time (i.e., less than 8 days); and (2) the fact that the kinds of case practices and agency efforts necessary to achieve a timely reunification for a child who has been removed from home and placed in foster care usually are not applicable for these very short-term placements. The Department believes that the exclusion of these very short-term placements from measures of timeliness of reunification and placement stability provides a more accurate portrait of state performance in these areas. The trial home visit adjustment. The CFSR timeliness of reunification measures incorporate a trial home visit adjustment. The use of this adjustment is stated explicitly in all measures to which it applies. The trial home visit adjustment addresses the variation across states with regard to the practice of returning children in foster care to their families without discharging them from foster care for a period of time in order to provide continued monitoring and/or services. This practice often is referred to as physical reunification and may be required in state statute, written into agency policy, or simply reflect standard case practice in a state. To allow for greater uniformity across states in measuring length of stay in foster care, the Department developed the trial home visit adjustment as a proxy for physical reunification. The adjustment works in the following way: When a child is discharged from foster care to reunification, if the childs current placement setting is a trial home visit, any trial home visit in excess of 30 days is excluded when calculating length of stay in foster care.2 An important feature of this adjustment, however, is that the child must have been discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification or living with other relatives before the trial home visit adjustment is considered. The individual measures included in permanency composite 1 (C1) are as follows: Individual Measure C1.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were reunified in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) Individual Measure C1.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification during the year who had been in care for 8 days or longer, what was the median length of stay (in months) from the date of the latest removal from home until the date of discharge to reunification? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) Individual Measure C1.3: Of all children who entered foster care for the first time in the 6-month period just prior to the year shown, and who remained in care for 8 days or longer, what percentage were discharged from foster care to reunification in less than 12 months from the date of the latest removal from home? (Includes trial home visit adjustment) Individual Measure C1.4: Of all children discharged from foster care to reunification in the 12-month period prior to the year shown, what percentage reentered care in less than 12 months from the date of discharge? Because this longitudinal measure of reentry into foster care is a more direct measure than the original reentry measure, it now replaces the original measure as the assessment of reentry.

More information on this adjustment is provided in the Federal Register notices on November 9, 2005, and June 7, 2006, and on the Childrens Bureau website.

Appendix B | B-3

Permanency Composite 2: Timeliness of adoptions

This composite addresses Outcome 5: Reduce time in foster care to adoption. The following measures are included in permanency composite 2 (C2). Individual Measure C2.1: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what percentage were discharged in less than 24 months from the date of the latest removal from home? Individual Measure C2.2: Of all children discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption during the year, what was the median length of stay in care (in months) from the date of latest removal from home to the date of discharge to adoption? Individual Measure C2.3: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer (and who, by the last day of the year, were not discharged from foster care with a discharge reason of reunification, living with relative, or guardianship), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption by the last day of the year? Individual Measure C2.4: Of all children in foster care on the first day of the year who were in care for 17 continuous months or longer, and who were not legally free for adoption prior to that day (i.e., there was not a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage became legally free for adoption during the first 6 months of the year? Similar to the entry cohort measure of reunification and the CFSR measure of reentry, individual measures C2.3 and C2.4 capture state performance in achieving timely adoptions from a longitudinal perspective, rather than from the point of discharge from foster care. The measures reflect the statutory requirement of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 that states pursue adoption as a permanency goal for any child who has been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, unless the agency documents a compelling reason why such action would not be in the best interests of the child.3 Individual Measure C2.5: Of all children who became legally free for adoption in the 12-month period prior to the year shown (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged from foster care to a finalized adoption in less than 12 months from the date of becoming legally free? This is another longitudinal measure that became possible when states began reporting unique encrypted identifiers for children that permitted tracking them over time.

Permanency Composite 3: Achieving permanency for children in foster care for long periods of time
This composite addresses issues relevant to Outcome 3: Increase permanency for children in foster care. The following measures are included in permanency composite 3 (C3): Individual Measure C3.1: Of all children in foster care for 24 months or longer on the first day of the year, what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday and by the end of the year?4 Individual Measure C3.2: Of all children discharged from foster care during the year, and who were legally free for adoption at the time of discharge (i.e., there was a parental rights termination date reported to AFCARS for both mother and father), what percentage were discharged to a permanent home prior to their 18th birthday? This measure reflects the concern of professionals in the field that, by pursuing termination of parental rights for children who have been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, child welfare agencies may be creating legal orphans, that is, children who, at the time of discharge from foster care, have no legal parents and no permanent home.
3

ASFA requires State child welfare agencies to file a petition to terminate parental rights and pursue adoption for a child who has been in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months, unless the agency documents a compelling reason why such action would not be in the best interests of the child. A 17-month rather than a 15-month timeframe was chosen for the measure because, in accordance with ASFA, a child is considered to have entered foster care (for purposes of starting the clock for the 15 of 22 months) on the earlier of: (1) the first judicial finding that the child has been subjected to abuse and neglect, or (2) the date that is 60 days after the date on which the child is removed from the home.
The 17-month timeframe is used in the measure because AFCARS does not collect information pertaining to the date of the first judicial finding.
The 24-month period was chosen because nationally about 50 percent of the children in foster care on any given day have been in foster care for approximately 2 years or longer.

Appendix B | B-4

 Individual Measure C3.3: Of all children who, during the year shown, either (1) were discharged from foster care prior to age 18 with a discharge reason of emancipation, or (2) reached their 18th birthday while in foster care, what percentage were in foster care for 3 years or longer? This measure and the original measure 3.4 in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports are both intended to assess whether children are spending large parts of their childhoods in foster care without ever being discharged to permanent homes.

Permanency Composite 4: Placement stability

Permanency composite 4 (C4) is consistent with the objectives of Outcome 6: Increase placement stability. The three individual measures included in this composite are similar to the original measure 6.1 in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports. As previously noted, however, one difference is that the measures included in this composite exclude children who were age 18 or older on the first day of the fiscal year. Measure 6.1 does not exclude these children. In addition, measure C4.1 excludes children who were not in foster care for at least 8 days. (See C1 for an explanation of the 8-day exclusion.) Individual Measure C4.1: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 8 days but less than 12 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? Individual Measure C4.2: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 12 months but less than 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings? Individual Measure C4.3: Of all children served in foster care during the year who were in care for at least 24 months, what percentage had two or fewer placement settings?

Appendix B | B-5

Introduction Appendix C
Caseworker Visits
The Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-288) amended section IV-B of the Social Security Act (the Act to include new funding to partially support monthly caseworker visits with children who are in state foster care. Under section 424(e) (1) and (2) of the Act, states are required to collect and report the following data on caseworker visits, beginning with federal fiscal year (FY) 2007: The percentage of children in foster care who were visited on a monthly basis by the caseworker handling the case of the child The percentage of these monthly visits that occurred in the home of the child For both of these percentages, the submission of numerators and denominators was not required for 2008, although it was encouraged, and the majority of states did submit numerators and denominators for that year. Beginning in 2009, the numerators and denominators were required. In all years, the Child Welfare Outcomes Report prints any numerators and denominators that are available. For more detailed information on the collection and reporting of caseworker visits data, please see Program Instruction ACYF-CB PI-08-03 (issued April 18, 2008): http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/laws_policies/policy/pi/2008/pi0803.htm Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-09-06 (issued June 3, 2009) provides additional reporting requirement information: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/laws_policies/policy/pi/2009/pi0906.htm Calculation of Monthly Caseworker Visits (MCV)1 To calculate the percentage of children in foster care who were visited on a monthly basis by a social worker, the following data are required: Denominator: the aggregate number of children served in foster care for at least 1 full calendar month during the FY2 Numerator: the number of children visited each and every full calendar month that they were reported to be in foster care during the FY The MCV percentage is calculated by dividing the numerator by the denominator and multiplying that product by 100 [(numerator/ denominator) x 100]. This calculation is expressed as a percentage and rounded to the nearest whole number. Calculation of Children Receiving Visits in the Home (VIH) To calculate the percentage of monthly visits that occur in the home, the following data are required: Denominator: the total number of visit months aggregated for all children who were visited each and every full calendar month they were in foster care during the FY3 Numerator: the total number of visit months in which at least one child visit occurred in the childs home4 The VIH percentage is calculated by dividing the numerator by the denominator and multiplying that product by 100 [(numerator/ denominator) x 100]. This calculation is expressed as a percentage and rounded to the nearest whole number.
1 2 3 4

Note that even though a state may keep some youth in foster care beyond age 17, only children and youth under age 18 on the first day of the FY (October 1) are included in this calculation. The FY is the 12-month period beginning October 1 and ending September 30. For example, FY 2011 began October 1, 2010 and ended September 30, 2011. A visit month is defined as a month in which a child was visited at least once (only children in foster care for at least 1 calendar month are included in this calculation). A childs home is defined as the home where the child is residing, whether in-state or out-of-state, and can include the foster placement setting.
Appendix C | C-1

Data Collection Methodology States may choose to report caseworker visits data based on their total foster care population or based on sample data. States that choose to submit sample data must use a sampling methodology developed by the Childrens Bureau Data Team, or one that has been approved by the Childrens Bureau Regional Office in consultation with the Childrens Bureau Data Team. The following states elected to submit sample data for 2008, 2009, 2010, and/or 2011:
State
Alabama Georgia Hawaii Idaho Kansas Louisiana Maryland Michigan Minnesota5 Missouri Pennsylvania Texas
5

Used Sample in 2008

X X X X X X X X X X X X

Used Sample in 2009

X X X X X

Used Sample in 2010

X X X X X X

Used Sample in 2011

X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

Minnesota provided data establishing that, through its sampling of nonvisit cases, it learned that some visits were made but not recorded in the states automated system for 2008. A revised numerator based on this information was accepted by the Childrens Bureau.

Appendix C | C-2

Appendix D Introduction
Child Welfare Outcomes Report: Data Sources and Elements
CONTEXT INFORMATION
ITEMS DATA SOURCES AND ELEMENTS
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau States submit data in conjunction with Child and Family Services Plans and Annual Progress and Services Reports U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ACF/ACYF, Childrens Bureau, National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) Two possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Elements 27, 29, 31, 33, Maltreatment Disposition Level; or (2) NCANDS SDC: Item 3.1, Children Subject of a CPS Investigation or Assessment by Disposition Total child maltreatment victims Two possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Elements 27, 29, 31, 33, Maltreatment Disposition Level; or (2) NCANDS SDC: Sum of Item 3.1A, Children for Whom the Allegation of Maltreatment Was Substantiated; 3.1B, Children for Whom the Allegation of Maltreatment Was Indicated; and 3.1C, Children for Whom the Allegation of Maltreatment Was Given an Alternative Response That Identified Child Victim(s) Three possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Element 34, Maltreatment Death; (2) NCANDS Agency File: Element 4.1; or (3) NCANDS SDC: Item 5.1, Child Victims Who Died as a Result of Maltreatment Two possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Element 12, Child Age at Report, or a combination of Element 6, Report Date and Element 13, Child Date of Birth; or (2) NCANDS SDC: Item 4.2, Child Victims By Age Two possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Elements 15 through 20, Child Race; and Element 21, Child Ethnicity; or (2) NCANDS SDC: Item 4.4, Child Victims by Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity; and Item 4.5, Child Victims by Race Two possible data sources: (1) NCANDS Child File: Elements 26 through 33, Maltreatment Type, Maltreatment Disposition Level; or (2) NCANDS SDC: Item 4.1, Child Victims by Type of Maltreatment Mean time to investigation in hours is computed from the Child File records using the Report Date, Field 6; and the Investigation Start Date, Field 7. The result is converted to hours by multiplying by 24. Median time to investigation in hours is computed from the NCANDS Child File records using the Report Date, Field 6; and the Investigation Start Date, Field 7. The result is converted to hours by multiplying by 24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ACF/ACYF, Childrens Bureau, Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care

Section A. Context Statistics

Total children under 18 years Race/ethnicity (%) Child population in poverty (%) Caseworker visits for children in foster care Children subject of an investigated report alleging child maltreatment

Section B. Child Maltreatment Data (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System)

Child fatalities

Age of child victims

Race/ethnicity of child victims

Maltreatment types of child victims

Time to investigation

Section C. Characteristics of Children in Foster Care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System)
Total number (for each FY) In care on 10/1 Entered care Exited care In care on 9/30 Median length of stay (for each FY) In care on 10/1 Exited care In care on 9/30 Age of children (for each FY) In care on 10/1 Entered care Exited care In care on 9/30 Race/ethnicity of children (for each FY) In care on 10/1 Entered care Exited care In care on 9/30

AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care

AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care

AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 8, Race; and Element 9, Hispanic Origin

Appendix D | D-1

ITEMS

DATA SOURCES AND ELEMENTS

AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 35, Death of Parent; Element 43, Most Recent Case Plan Goal; Element 47, Date of Mothers Termination of Parental Rights; and Element 48, Date of Fathers Termination of Parental Rights AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 35, Death of Parent; Element 47, Date of Mothers Termination of Parental Rights; and Element 48, Date of Fathers Termination of Parental Rights AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 35, Death of Parent; Element 43, Most Recent Case Plan Goal; Element 47, Date of Mothers Termination of Parental Rights; Element 48, Date of Fathers Termination of Parental Rights AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 8, Race; and Element 9, Hispanic Origin; Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 35, Death of Parent; Element 43, Most Recent Case Plan Goal; Element 47, Date of Mothers Termination of Parental Rights; Element 48, Date of Fathers Termination of Parental Rights AFCARS Adoption File: Element 21, Date Adoption Legalized AFCARS Adoption File: Element 4, State Involvement; Element 5, Childs Date of Birth; and Element 21, Date Adoption Legalized AFCARS Adoption File: Element 4, State Involvement; Element 7, Race; and Element 8, Hispanic Origin

Section D. Characteristics of Children Waiting for Adoption on 9/30 (AFCARS)

Total waiting children

Number of waiting children whose parents rights have been terminated Age of children waiting for adoption

Race/ethnicity of children waiting for adoption

Section E. Characteristics of Children Adopted (AFCARS)

Total children adopted Age of children adopted Race/ethnicity of children adopted

OUTCOME INFORMATION

OUTCOME MEASURES DATA SOURCES AND ELEMENTS

NCANDS Child File: Field 4, Child ID; Field 6, Report Date; Fields 27, 29, 31, and 33, Maltreatment Disposition Level(s); and Field 34, Maltreatment Death AFCARS Annual Foster Care Database: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; and Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care NCANDS Child File: Field 4, Child ID; Field 6, Report Date; Fields 27, 29, 31, and 33, Maltreatment Disposition Level(s); Field 34, Maltreatment Death; and Fields 89,108, 127, Perpetrator Relationship AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 10, Child Diagnosed With Disabilities; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 8, Race; Element 9, Hispanic Origin; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 19, Total Number of Removals; Element 20, Date of Discharge From Last Foster Care Episode; and Element 21, Date of Latest Removal AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care; and Element 58, Reasons for Discharge AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting; Element 24, Number of Previous Settings in Episode; and Element 56, Date of Discharge From Foster Care AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting; Element 41, Current Placement Setting

Outcome 1. Reduce Recurrence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect (NCANDS)

1.1 Recurrence of maltreatment within 6 months

Outcome 2. Reduce the Incidence of Child Abuse and/or Neglect in Foster Care (NCANDS and AFCARS)
2.1 Maltreatment in foster care

Outcome 3. Increase Permanency for Children in Foster Care (AFCARS)

3.1 Exits of children from foster care 3.2 Exits of children with a diagnosed disability 3.3 Exits of children older than age 12 at entry 3.4 Exits to emancipation 3.5 Exits by race/ethnicity

Outcome 4. Reduce Time to Reunification Without Increasing Reentry (AFCARS)

4.1 Time to reunification 4.2 Children reentering foster care

Outcome 5. Reduce Time in Foster Care to Adoption (AFCARS)

5.1 Time to adoption

Outcome 6. Increase Placement Stability (AFCARS)

6.1 Number of placements by time in care

Outcome 7. Reduce Placement of Young Children in Group Homes or Institutions (AFCARS)

7.1 Most recent placement settings of children age 12 or younger who entered care during FY

Appendix D | D-2

OUTCOME MEASURES

DATA SOURCES AND ELEMENTS

Composite 1. Timeliness and Permanency of Reunification Please note: Construction of the source file for calculating ALL Composite 1 measures must have Element 3, FIPS code; Element 4, Record Number; and Element 6, Date of Birth. For each individual measure under Composite 1, other elements needed for the calculations are shown next to the applicable measure.
C1.1 Reunification in less than 12 months AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 41, Current Placement Setting; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 41, Current Placement Setting; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 18, Date of First Removal From Home; Element 19, Total Number of Removals; Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 20, Date Child was Discharged From Last Foster Care Episode; Element 41, Current Placement Setting; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 20, Date Child was Discharged From Last Foster Care Episode; Element 19, Total Number of Removals

C1.2 Median length of stay to reunification

C1.3 Entry cohort reunification

C1.4 Reentry of children exiting

Composite 2. Timeliness of Adoptions Please note: Construction of the source file for calculating ALL Composite 3 measures must have Element 3, FIPS code; Element 4, Record Number; and Element 6, Date of Birth. For each individual measure under Composite 3, other elements needed for the calculations are shown next to the applicable measure.
C2.1 Adoptions in less than 24 months C2.2Median length of stay to adoption C2.3 Adoption of children in care for 17 months or longer C2.4 Achieving legal freedom of children in care for 17 months or longer C2.5 Adoption of children who are legally free AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 47, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Mother; Element 48, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Father AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 47, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Mother; Element 48, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Father

Composite 3. Achieving Permanency for Children in Foster Care for Long Periods of Time Please note: Construction of the source file for calculating ALL Composite 3 measures must have Element 3, FIPS code; Element 4, Record Number; and Element 6, Date of Birth. For each individual measure under Composite 3, other elements needed for the calculations are shown next to the applicable measure.
C3.1 Permanency for children in foster care for 24 + months C3.2 Permanency for children who are legally free C3.3 Children emancipated or 18 years old in foster care for 3 years or longer AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 47, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Mother; Element 48, Date of Termination of Parental Rights for Father AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 6, Date of Birth; Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 58, Reason for Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 19, Total Number of Removals; Element 20, Date Child was Discharged From Last Foster Care Episode; Element 18, Date of First Removal From Home

Composite 4. Placement Stability While in Foster Care Please note: Construction of the source file for calculating ALL Composite 4 measures must have Element 3, FIPS code; Element 4, Record Number; and Element 6, Date of Birth. For each individual measure under Composite 4, other elements needed for the calculations are shown next to the applicable measure.
C4.1 Placement stability for children in care for less than 12 months C4.2 Placement stability for children in care for 12 to 24 months C4.3 Placement stability for children in care for 24 + months AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting; Element 24, Number of Previous Placement Settings During This Removal Episode AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting; Element 24, Number of Previous Placement Settings During This Removal Episode AFCARS Foster Care File: Element 56, Date of Discharge; Element 21, Date of Latest Removal; Element 23, Date of Placement in Current Placement Setting; Element 24, Number of Previous Placement Settings During This Removal Episode

Appendix D | D-3

Introduction Appendix E

Child Maltreatment 2011: Summary of Key Findings

The following are key findings from Child Maltreatment 2011. The statistics in the Child Maltreatment series of reports are based on data submitted to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS). The full Child Maltreatment 2011 report is available on the Childrens Bureau website at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/child-maltreatment-2011 What is NCANDS? NCANDS is a federally sponsored effort that collects and analyzes annual data on child abuse and neglect. The 1988 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) directed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (the Department) to establish a national data collection and analysis program. The Childrens Bureau in the Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Administration for Children and Families within the Department collects and analyzes the data. The data are submitted voluntarily by the states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The first report from NCANDS was based on data for 1990; this report for federal fiscal year (FY) 2011 data is the 22nd issuance of this annual report. How are the data used? NCANDS data are used for the Child Maltreatment report. In addition, data collected by NCANDS are a critical source of information for many publications, reports, and activities of the Federal Government and other groups. Data from NCANDS are used in the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs) of the states, in the Child Welfare Outcomes Reports, and to measure the performance of several federal programs. What data are collected? Once an allegation (called a referral) of abuse and neglect is received by a child protective services (CPS) agency, it is either screened in for further attention by CPS or it is screened out. A screened-in referral is called a report. CPS agencies conduct a response for all reports. The majority of reports receive investigations, which determine if a child was maltreated or is at risk of maltreatment and establish whether or not an intervention is needed. Some reports receive an alternative response, which focuses primarily upon the needs of the family and usually do not determine if a child was maltreated or is at risk of maltreatment. NCANDS collects case-level data on all children who received a CPS agency response in the form of an investigation response or an alternative response. States that are unable to provide case-level data submit aggregated counts of key indicators. Case-level data include information about the characteristics of screened-in referrals (reports) of abuse and neglect that are made to CPS agencies, the children involved, the types of maltreatment they suffered, the dispositions of the CPS responses, the risk factors of the child and the caregivers, the services that are provided, and the perpetrators. Where are the data available? The Child Maltreatment reports are available on the Childrens Bureau website at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/research-data-technology/statistics-research/child-maltreatment Restricted use files of the NCANDS data are archived at the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (NDACAN) at Cornell University. Researchers who are interested in using these data for statistical analyses can contact NDACAN at www.ndacan. cornell.edu

Appendix E | E-1

How many allegations of maltreatment were reported and received an investigation or assessment for abuse and neglect? During 2011, an estimated 3.4 million referrals were received by CPS agencies. The national estimate of 3.4 million referrals also were estimated to include 6.2 million children. Of these referrals, 45 states reported counts of both screened-in and screened-out referrals. Based on these data, 60.8 percent were screened in, and 39.2 percent were screened out. For 2011, more than 2 million reports were screened in, had a CPS response, and received a disposition. The national rate of reports that received a disposition was 27.4 per 1,000 children in the national population. An analysis of 5 years worth of data on reports that received a response and resulted in a disposition reveals only slight fluctuations in the number and rate of reports. Who reported child maltreatment? For 2011, three-fifths (57.6 percent) of reports of alleged child abuse and neglect were made by professionals. The term professional means that the person had contact with the alleged child maltreatment victim as part of the report sources job. This term includes teachers, police officers, lawyers, and social services staff. Nonprofessionalsincluding friends, neighbors, and relativessubmitted one-fifth of reports (18.2 percent). Unclassified sources submitted the remainder of reports (24.3 percent). Unclassified includes anonymous, other, and unknown report sources. States use the code of other for a report source that does not have an NCANDSdesignated code. The three largest percentages of report sources were from such professionals as teachers (16.0 percent), legal and law enforcement personnel (16.7 percent), and social services personnel (10.6 percent). Who were the child victims? All 52 states submitted data to NCANDS about the dispositions of children who received one or more CPS responses. For 2011, more than 3.7 million children (duplicate count) were the subjects of at least one report. One-fifth of these children were found to be victims with dispositions of substantiated (18.5 percent), indicated (1.0 percent), and alternative response victim (0.5 percent). The duplicate count of child victims tallies a child each time he or she was found to be a victim. The unique count of child victims counts a child only once regardless of the number of times he or she was found to be a victim during the reporting year. For 2011, 51 states reported 676,569 victims (unique count) of child abuse and neglect. The unique victim rate was 9.1 victims per 1,000 children in the population. Using this rate, the national estimate of unique victims for 2011 was 681,000. Comparing 2011 unique count victim data to 2010 data, 42 states reported a decreased number of victims. Other victim demographics include: Victims in the age group of birth to 1 year had the highest rate of victimization at 21.2 per 1,000 children of the same age group in the national population. Victimization was split between the sexes with boys accounting for 48.6 percent and girls accounting for 51.1 percent. Less than 1 percent of victims had an unknown sex. Eighty-seven percent of unique count victims were comprised of three races or ethnicitiesAfrican-American (21.5 percent); Hispanic, of any race (22.1 percent); and White (43.9 percent). What were the most common types of maltreatment? As in prior years, the greatest percentage of children were neglected. A child may have suffered from multiple forms of maltreatment and was counted once for each maltreatment type. CPS investigations or assessments determined that for unique victims: More than 75 percent (78.5 percent) suffered neglect More than 15 percent (17.6 percent) suffered physical abuse Less than 10 percent (9.1 percent) suffered sexual abuse

Appendix E | E-2

How many children died from abuse or neglect? Child fatalities are the most tragic consequence of maltreatment. Yet, each year children die from abuse and neglect. For 2011, fiftyone states reported a total of 1,545 fatalities. Based on these data, a nationally estimated 1,570 children died from abuse and neglect. Analyses are performed on the number of child fatalities for whom case-level data were obtained. Of the reported fatalities: The overall rate of child fatalities was 2.10 deaths per 100,000 children. Four-fifths (81.6 percent) of all child fatalities were younger than 4 years old. Boys had a higher child fatality rate than girls at 2.47 boys per 100,000 boys in the population. Girls died of abuse and neglect at a rate of 1.77 per 100,000 girls in the population. Nearly 90 percent (86.5 percent) of child fatalities were composed of African-American (28.2 percent); Hispanic, of any race (17.8 percent); and White (40.5 percent) victims. Four-fifths (78.3 percent) of child fatalities were caused by one or more parents. Who abused and neglected children? For the analyses included in this report, a perpetrator is the person who is responsible for the abuse or neglect of a child. Fifty states reported case-level data about perpetrators using unique identifiers. In these states, the total duplicate count of perpetrators was 885,003 and the total unique count of perpetrators was 508,849. For 2011: Four-fifths (84.6 percent) of unique perpetrators were between the ages of 20 and 49 years. More than one-half (53.6 percent) of perpetrators were women, and 45.1 percent of perpetrators were men; 1.3 percent were of unknown sex. Four-fifths (80.8 percent) of duplicate perpetrators were parents. Of the duplicate perpetrators who were parents, 87.6 percent were the biological parents. Who received services? CPS agencies provide services to children and their families, both in their homes and in foster care. Reasons for the provision of services may include (1) preventing future instances of child maltreatment and (2) remedying conditions that brought the children and their family to the attention of the agency. During 2011, for the duplicate count of children: Forty-six states reported approximately 3.3 million children received prevention services. Based on data from 40 states, 1,046,947 duplicate children received postresponse services from a CPS agency. Three-fifths (61.2 percent) of duplicate victims and nearly one-third (30.1 percent) of duplicate nonvictims received
postresponse services.

Appendix E | E-3

Introduction Appendix F
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Childrens Bureau, www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb

The AFCARS Report

Preliminary FY1 2011 Estimates as of July 2012 No. 19 Numbers At A Glance 2007 2008
463,799 280,384 288,762 125,741 79,376 55,236

SOURCE: Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) FY 2011 data2 2009
421,350 255,161 278,157 114,450 71,093 57,115

2010
406,412 255,402 257,481 109,456 65,611 53,591

2011
400,540 252,320 245,260 104,236 61,361 50,516

Number in foster care on September 30 of the FY Number entered foster care during FY Number exited foster care during FY Number waiting to be adopted on September 30 of the FY Number waiting to be adopted whose parental rights (for all living parents) were terminated during FY Number adopted with public child welfare agency involvement during FY

488,285 293,276 294,989 133,682 82,020 52,686

Children in Foster Care on September 30, 2011 N=400,540 Age as of September 30th
Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years 18 Years 19 Years 20 Years
1 2 1 2

Sex
Male Female 24,439 29,980 28,235 26,010 22,756 20,279 18,250 16,926 15,895 14,964 14,509 14,583 14,977 17,101 19,993 24,220 29,264 31,101 10,396 3,639 2,619 Live with Other Relative(s) Adoption Long Term Foster Care Emancipation Guardianship Case Plan Goal Not Yet Established Pre-Adoptive Home Foster Family Home (Relative) Foster Family Home (Non-Relative) Group Home Institution Supervised Independent Living Runaway Trial Home Visit 52% 48% 209,532 190,932

9.3 8.8 6% 7% 7% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 3% 1% 1%

Placement Settings
4% 27% 47% 6% 9% 1% 1% 5% 14,213 107,995 188,222 23,624 34,656 3,868 5,870 20,568

Case Goals
Reunify with Parent(s) or Principal Caretaker(s) 52% 3% 25% 6% 5% 4% 5% 199,123 13,420 94,629 22,744 20,635 14,593 19,324

FY refers to the Federal Fiscal Year, October 1st through September 30th.
Data from both the regular and revised AFCARS file submissions received by July 12, 2012 are included in this report. Missing data are excluded from each table. Therefore,
the totals within each distribution may not equal the total provided for that subpopulation (e.g. number in care on September 30th may not match the sum across ages for that
group).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families,
Childrens Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)
Appendix F | F-1

Race and Ethnicity

American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Unknown/Unable to Determine Two or more Races 2% 1% 27% 0% 21% 41% 2% 5% 8,020 2,296 109,775 752 83,810 164,406 8,703 21,837 Mean Months Median Months Less than 1 Month 1 - 5 Months 6 - 11 Months 12 - 17 Months 18 - 23 Months 24 - 29 Months 30 - 35 Months 3 - 4 Years 5 Years or More

Time in Care
23.9 13.5 5% 21% 19% 14% 9% 7% 4% 10% 10% 21,278 85,691 77,015 56,803 36,881 26,314 17,979 40,265 38,303

NOTE: All races exclude children of Hispanic origin. Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race.

Children Entering Foster Care during FY 2011 N=252,320 Age at Entry

Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years 18 Years 19 Years 20 Years 7.7 6.6 16% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 6% 6% 4% 0% 0% 0% 39,697 18,920 17,028 15,670 14,160 12,379 11,320 10,202 9,339 8,973 8,303 8,118 9,141 10,741 13,132 15,878 16,288 11,220 708 157 59 Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Unknown/Unable to Determine Two or more Races

Race and Ethnicity

American Indian/Alaskan Native 2% 1% 23% 0% 21% 44% 3% 5% 5,206 1,744 58,276 605 51,969 111,563 8,252 13,491

NOTE: All races exclude children of Hispanic origin. Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)
Appendix F | F-2

Children Exiting Foster Care during FY 2011 N=245,260 Age at Exit

Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years 18 Years 19 Years 20 Years 9.4 8.6 4% 8% 8% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 10% 5% 1% 1% 10,780 18,542 19,190 17,448 15,221 12,932 11,756 10,627 9,722 9,178 8,558 8,032 8,040 8,196 9,238 10,874 13,070 25,183 13,370 2,540 2,345 Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Unknown/Unable to Determine Two or more Races

Race and Ethnicity

American Indian/Alaskan Native 2% 1% 26% 0% 20% 44% 2% 5% 4,656 1,769 62,454 540 50,061 106,982 4,825 13,318

NOTE: All races exclude children of Hispanic origin. Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race.

Reasons for Discharge

Reunification with Parent(s) or Primary Caretaker(s) Living with Other Relative(s) Adoption Emancipation Guardianship Transfer to Another Agency Runaway Death of Child 52% 8% 20% 11% 6% 2% 1% 0% 125,908 20,076 49,866 26,286 15,707 4,560 1,387 343

Time in Care
Mean Months Median Months Less than 1 Month 1 - 5 Months 6 - 11 Months 12 - 17 Months 18 - 23 Months 24 - 29 Months 30 - 35 Months 3 - 4 Years 5 Years or More 21.1 13.2 12% 15% 19% 15% 10% 7% 5% 9% 7% 30,109 37,413 47,250 36,290 25,237 17,363 12,210 23,288 16,028

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)
Appendix F | F-3

Children Waiting to be Adopted3 on September 30, 2011 N=104,236 Age as of September 30th
Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years 8.0 7.2 4% 9% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 3% 3,761 9,169 9,462 8,623 7,582 6,643 5,942 5,534 5,266 5,075 4,814 4,823 4,810 4,800 4,902 5,012 4,474 3,544 Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years

Age at Entry into Foster Care

5.0 4.1 25% 9% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0% 25,525 9,546 8,345 7,551 7,085 6,682 6,309 5,755 5,286 4,866 4,188 3,607 3,042 2,379 1,750 1,051 464 99

Placement Types
Pre-Adoptive Home Foster Family Home (Relative) Foster Family Home (Non-Relative) Group Home Institution Supervised Independent Living Runaway Trial Home Visit 12% 23% 54% 4% 5% 0% 1% 1% 12,961 24,148 56,471 3,701 5,534 85 542 617 Asian Black or African American

Race and Ethnicity

American Indian/Alaskan Native 2% 0% 28% 0% 22% 40% 1% 6% 1,856 439 29,164 190 22,929 41,655 1,440 6,513

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Unknown/Unable to Determine Two or more Races

NOTE: All races exclude children of Hispanic origin. Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race.

Sex
Male Female 53% 47%

Waiting children are identified as children who have a goal of adoption and/or whose parents parental rights have been terminated. Children 16 years old and older whose parents parental rights have been terminated and who have a goal of emancipation have been excluded from the estimate.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)

Appendix F | F-4

Time in Care
Mean Months Median Months Less than 1 Month 1 - 5 Months 6 - 11 Months 12 - 17 Months 18 - 23 Months 24 - 29 Months 30 - 35 Months 3 - 4 Years 5 Years or More 35.8 26.5 0% 4% 10% 15% 15% 12% 9% 19% 16% 444 4,346 10,207 16,156 15,234 12,450 8,988 20,079 16,331

Of Children Waiting for Adoption whose Parents Parental Rights have been Terminated (N=61,361), Time elapsed since termination of parental rights as of September 30, 2011 Mean Months Median Months 23.6
11.5

Children Adopted with Public Agency Involvement in FY 2011 N=50,516 Age at Adoption
Mean Age Median Age Less than 1 Year 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years 8 Years 9 Years 10 Years 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years 18 Years 19 Years 20 Years 6.4 5.2 2% 11% 14% 12% 10% 8% 7% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1,059 5,806 7,011 5,855 4,831 3,937 3,357 2,914 2,555 2,373 2,143 1,871 1,645 1,387 1,132 919 898 641 149 20 6

Time elapsed from Termination of Parental Rights to Adoption

Mean Months Median Months Less than 1 Month 1-5 Months 6-11 Months 12-17 Months 18-23 Months 24-29 Months 30-35 Months 3-4 Years 5 Years or more 13.6 9.7 3% 25% 33% 17% 9% 5% 3% 4% 2% 1,275 12,622 16,510 8,491 4,276 2,418 1,383 2,019 803

Race and Ethnicity

American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian Black or African American Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander Hispanic (of any race) White Unknown/Unable to Determine Two or more Races 2% 0% 23% 0% 21% 45% 1% 7% 773 233 11,719 82 10,757 22,864 451 3,634

NOTE: All races exclude children of Hispanic origin. Children of Hispanic ethnicity may be any race.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Childrens Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)

Appendix F | F-5

Adoptive Family Structure

Married Couple Unmarried Couple Single Female Single Male 68% 2% 27% 3% 33,718 1,114 13,331 1,415 Male Female

Sex
51% 49%

Relationship of Adoptive Parents to Child Prior to Adoption

Non-Relative Foster Parent Stepparent Other Relative 15% 54% 0% 31% 7,196 25,610 49 14,462 Yes No

Receive Adoption Subsidy

90% 10% 45,504 5,003

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Childrens Bureau, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb
Preliminary Estimates for FY 2011 as of July 2012 (19)

Appendix F | F-6