2011 CRD Household Travel Survey

Joint Meeting of Regional Transportation Plan Technical Advisory Committee and Development and Planning Advisory Committee December 11th, 2012
R.A. Malatest & Associates Ltd. in association with David Kriger Consultants Inc. and HDR Corporation

Halifax

Purpose of Presentation Present an overview of the CRDs 2011 origindestination survey, including key findings

Halifax

Purpose of Survey
To collect current and reliable information about the trip patterns and daily travel choices of residents of the CRD
Provides a 24-hour snapshot of a typical weekdays travel in Autumn 2011 by households with phones including trip volumes, destinations, purposes, modes of transportation Key data source for transportation model, and support for regional and municipal transportation planning initiatives

Halifax

ABOUT THE SURVEY

Halifax

About the Survey

21,801 listed and randomly generated household phone numbers drawn 20 urban / rural sampling districts 36% valid response rate 3.5% sample (6,172 households surveyed) Population 11+ was included in the survey Sampling error: 1.2% (19 times out of 20)
Halifax

About the Survey

CATI/CAWI survey (most by phone, almost 400 online) Information brochure sent to sample households with listed phones (40% recalled receiving it) Survey admin from Oct 5th to December 7th, 2011 All locations geocoded to lat/long, XY, traffic zone, district, CSD, closest land use type Prior to analysis, data underwent extensive cleaning, testing and validation processes 96.7% of surveys passed data acceptance criteria Very small % of data used in analysis has unknowns
(e.g., respondent refused to provide information on destination)
Halifax

About the Survey

Data Expansion weighting to represent population
Household controls:
- sampling district (20 strata)* - household size (1, 2, 3-4, 5+)^ - dwelling type (single-detached, other ground-oriented, apartment)^

Demographic controls:

Trip correction factors:

(by age, gender, district)

- sampling district (42 strata)* - age (9 groups)* - gender (m/f)* - scale to account for persons with unknown mobility - balance population samples by week day (Mon-Fri, district)

* 2011 Census counts

^ 2006 Census proportional distributions applied to 2011 counts

Halifax

About the Survey

Data Expansion Method: Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF)
Used to balance households and demographics to match Census distributions by region An iterative process (innovation for 2011 survey): first, balance household controls in sequence, then, adjust each household for demographics of persons within, repeat until convergence (further iterations yield only marginal adjustments) Advantages over traditional single-pass multiplicative weighting: multi-level, multi-dimensional adding a control does not skew other controls adjusted for (i.e., final weighted survey data line up closely with distributions for all control variables) within a given household, each person has approx. the same weight as the household (slight difference due to calibration to match total population count) balance day of week scale persons known travel to account for persons with unknown travel
Halifax

After IPF for hh/person, introduce trip correction factors

Key Definitions / Parameters 24-hour travel day: from 4:00 a.m. previous day to 3:59 a.m. the day of the interview Trip: a journey from one location to another, using one or more modes of transportation, for a single purpose Commercial trips not captured (e.g., trips made as
a taxi driver, working on the road)

External trips excluded from the analysis

Halifax

(external trip = trip with both O & D external to survey area)

Types of Data Collected

Survey asked about all trips (by foot, bicycle, rollerblade and motorized vehicle) made during the previous 24 hour period, by each household member
Household No. Location Type of dwelling Household size Number of vehicles Vehicles with Alternative Fuel Types
Household

Person No. Age and gender Drivers license?

Person

Trip No. Departure time Purpose

Trip

Origin and destination

Student? (p/t, f/t) Employed? (p/t, f/t) Primary occupation status (worker, student, retiree, etc.) Occupation type (management, health etc.) Usual place of work or school and parking arrangement

Mode(s) used (car driver or passenger, transit, bicycle, walk, etc.) If transit: mode of access to stop, line(s) used If car-driver: number of persons in the car If car-passenger: relationship with the driver If non-auto: was a vehicle available to make the trip?

Halifax

Key Changes 2006-2011

Shift to primarily phone interviews (94%), with 6% self-administered online (previously mail-out mail-back diary; different methods may capture slightly different trip rates) Changes to survey questionnaire (but same basic elements) Different geographic boundaries
analysis now based on municipal districts within Regional Planning Area larger portion of Cowichan Valley included captures travel into the region

detached dwellings; re-scaling of 2006 data to adjust for overestimation of households and population may not be perfect).
Halifax

Weekday only (2006 included both weekday and weekend samples) Higher response rate (36% of households contacted compared to approx 23%) Larger sample (6,172 or 3.5% of population, compared to 3,821 or 2.4% of population) Different handling of trips with unknowns Data expansion takes into account dwelling type Data expansion uses more sophisticated IPF method 2006 data may somewhat over-represent travel due to different methods and possible over-estimation of trip counts (did not adjust for skew towards single-

KEY SURVEY FINDINGS

Halifax

RPA - Key Demographic Indicators (2011)

Population: 344,889 Households: 153,441 Employed population: 183,284 Vehicles: 240,474 Persons / household: 2.25 Employed persons / household: 1.19 Vehicles / household: 1.57 Alternative-fuel vehicles: 4.3% diesel, 1.0% hybrid, 0.2% biodiesel
Halifax

RPA - % Change in Demographic Counts

18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2001-2006 (five years) 2006-2011 (five years) 2001-2011 (ten years) Population Households Employment Vehicles

Halifax

RPA - Change in Demographic Indicators

3.0% 2.0% 1.0% Persons / Household 0.0% 2001-2006 -1.0% -2.0% -3.0%
Halifax

Workers / Household 2006-2011 2001-2011 Vehicles / Household

RPA - Total Trips (residents 11+ yrs)

1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2001* 2006*^ 2011
* 2001 and 2006 trips made by residents 11+ are estimates; data collection and data expansion methodologies differed in 2011 and 2006; limited recalibration was possible to account for over-estimations in both cycles. ^ 2006 methods may somewhat over-represent number of trips

963,027

1,039,549

1,032,775

Caution should be exercised when comparing absolute trip counts for surveys with different methods. All surveys are subject to sampling error, as well as other possible sources of error (e.g., non-response bias, which may be influenced by survey methods, response rate, etc.). This does not detract from strong value of other stats (e.g., trips/person, mode share).
Halifax

Travel by Time of Day

General profile by time of day is similar, with some variation Slight shift from morning to afternoon travel
120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2011 2006 2001

400

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2000

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2600

Halifax

2700

Trip Rates
8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 2001 2006
Halifax

7.10

7.14

6.73

Rates consistent with other cities (see Table 24 in final report) Steady / slight drop in rates also consistent

3.39

3.50

3.30

Trips / Person Trips / Household

2011

Modal Share by Time of Day

70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Walk Bicycle Other

24 Hour Total

AM Peak

Midday
Halifax

PM Peak

Evening/Night

Changes in Mode Use

Little variation in mode shares over the last ten years
Modal Share Auto driver Auto passenger Transit Walk Bicycle Other Other %s % Non-motorized (bicycle + walk) Transit Modal Split (% of motorized) 14.3% 8.2% 13.4% 8.3% 15.6% 7.7% 2001 11+ (est.) 63.2% 14.5% 6.9% 11.7% 2.6% 1.2% 2006 11+ (est.) 64.3% 13.5% 7.0% 10.0% 3.5% 1.7% 2011 11+ 63.6% 13.0% 6.4% 12.8% 2.8% 1.3%

Halifax

Auto Occupancy
Average auto occupancy has also been relatively static
2001 (11+ est.) Single-occupant vehicle (SOV) Two occupants Three or more Average # Occupants 70.3% 23.3% 6.4% 1.39 / vehicle 2006 11+ (est.) 69.5% 22.6% 7.8% 1.38 / vehicle 2011 11+ 70.6% 22.1% 7.3% 1.40 / vehicle

From responses as to the number of occupants in the vehicle for auto driver trips

Halifax

Trip Purpose
Other, 0.9% Work, 15.7% Return home, 37.7% Shopping, 13.0% Dining / Personal restaurant, 3.7% Recreation / social, 9.6% business, 6.2% Post-secondary school, 1.5% Other school (11+), 2.4% Pick-up / dropoff, 9.3%

Halifax

Trip Purpose by Time of Day

Trip purpose by hour
To School (11+ yrs only) Pick up/Drop off passenger To Work/Related
Trips

Recreation/Social + Dining Shopping + Personal Business Return Home TOTAL - ALL PURPOSES

120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 -

TOTAL - ALL PURPOSES Return Home Shopping + Personal Business Recreation/Social + Dining To Work/Related Pick up/Drop off passenger To School (11+ yrs only)

Halifax

Major Desire Lines

Transportation model provides a picture of weekday traffic flows between communities in the CRD

Halifax

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Town of Sidney North Saanich Central Saanich Downtown Victoria Victoria North Victoria South Saanich North Saanich East Saanich West Oak Bay Esquimalt View Royal Highlands Langford Colwood Metchosin Sooke Juan de Fuca EA
Halifax

Purpose = work, work-related; O and D both within district

Internalization (self-containment) - Work trips

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Town of Sidney North Saanich Central Saanich Downtown Victoria Victoria North Victoria South Saanich North Saanich East Saanich West Oak Bay Esquimalt View Royal Highlands Langford Colwood Metchosin Sooke Juan de Fuca EA
Halifax

Internalization (self-containment) - All trips

trips by residents of district entirely within district

Summary
Comprehensive OD survey provides wealth of information
Continues series, with ongoing refinements, new data New benchmark for phone-based OD survey going forward

Population rising, but household size dropping Vehicles per household rates have risen Trend in slight decrease in trip rates consistent with other cities Transit splits / shares decreasing slightly, but total nonmotorized trips increasing slightly

Halifax

Uses of the OD Survey Data

The O-D survey data and transportation model provide a holistic (system-wide) analytical framework to allow planners to Understand the current state of transportation behaviours Forecast demand how increases in population will translate into behaviour on the transportation network Identify nodes in the transportation network that will come under pressure (macro simulation, micro simulation if sample size permits) Build the case for infrastructure and development (for public, private sector investment; when seeking public approval) Set policy goals Measure progress on the road to sustainability Determine how best to serve different populations
Halifax