Intermediate Module

Intermediate Module
LIMITED CIRCULATION
ENGLISH FOR MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE _____________________________________
SELF ACCESS LEARNING INTERMEDIATE MODULE
BAHAGIAN PENDIDIKAN GURU KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Intermediate Module
Bahagian Pendidikan Guru Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Aras 2 6, Blok E 13 Kompleks Kerajaan Parcel E Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan 62604 PUTRAJAYA
Hak cipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana bahagian isi kandungan modul ini dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan apa juga cara sama ada elektronik, fotostat, mekanik, rakaman atau cara lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripad Bahagian pendidikan Guru, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Aras 2 6, Blok E 13, Kompleks Kerajaan Parcel E, Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan, 62604 PUTRAJAYA.
Hakcipta Bahagian Pendidikan Guru Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Cetakan Pertama 2007
Self Access Learning
Intermediate Module
FOREWORD
T
he Teacher Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia with the cooperation of all State Education Departments, have embarked on the implementation of the Teaching of Mathematics and Science in English (ETeMS) course since 2002. To date, a total of 120,000 Mathematics and Science teachers from primary and secondary schools have been successfully trained by our own local trainers. Although we are happy with this development, we will not be satisfied until all the Mathematics and Science teachers are truly competent in the language. The Teacher Education Division tries to find ways to assist the teachers concerned. The idea of coming up with these Self Access Modules is to provide more ongoing training and support to ensure the success of this programme. The main focus of these modules is to develop and enhance teachers proficiency. It also aims to encourage independent learning and autonomy through self-access tasks. Without the teachers determination and commitment to complete the tasks, our hope will ring hollow. The success of these modules will undoubtedly bring about improvement in the teachers competency in the English Language. Teachers should try to do something beyond what they have already mastered as mastery is gained through practice. By the same token, teachers should seize this opportunity, make every obstacles a challenge, turn challenges into opportunities in enhancing their level of English proficiency. I do hope that the planning and execution of these modules will serve to enhance self development through self-access learning. It is hoped that these modules will be fully utilised and beneficial to all teachers to upgrade their proficiency level to teach Science and Mathematics in English. I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to those involved for their commitment and teamwork in producing these modules. Likewise I hope that this initiative will grow in scope and make a greater impact from the small yet significant beginnings we make today. Thank you.
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WAN MUSTAMA BIN WAN ABDUL HAYAT DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA
Intermediate Module
COORDINATOR
En. Romai Noor bin Rabbu Teacher Education Division Ministry Of Education, Malaysia MODULE WRITERS: Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz Institut Perguruan Bahasa Antarabangsa, Kuala Lumpur Ghazali Bin Abdullah Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn, Johor Laily Binti Yahya Institut Perguruan Teknik, Kuala Lumpur Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali Institut Perguruan Ipoh, Perak Norzilah Binti Mohd Zain Institut Perguruan Bahasa Antarabangsa Umaimah Binti Mohd Idris Institut Perguruan Ipoh, Perak Yashwanora Binti Yahaya Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu Malaysia Zuraiyah Binti Mohd Yunus Institut Perguruan Bahasa Antarabangsa Lukman Bin Simon PPP Muar, Johor Aminah Binti A Rashid SMK Bandar tun razak, Cheras, KL, Wilayah Persekutuan Anjilin Dorothi Krishnan SJK(T) Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Asliza Binti Mahmud SK Batu Tiga, Kuantan, Pahang Aliza Binti Ahad SK Tanjung Keramat, Kuala Selangor, Selangor Chong Voon Hui SMK Seremban Jaya, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Daunah Binti Sitam SK Seri Bandar Damansara 3,Petaling, Selangor Fadilah Binti Yaacob SMK Seri Pagi, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Faizah Binti Baharuddin SK Segambut, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Fauziah Binti Hj Abd Rashid SMK Seri Tanjung, Melaka Florence Kok Siew Lin SMK Durian Daun, Melaka Ganeswari Karuppiah SJK(T) Serdang, Petaling, Selangor Hamidah Binti Suleiman SMK Yaacob Latif, Jalan Peel, KL, Wilayah Persekutuan Hjh Normala Binti Hj Yusoff SM Teknik Tuanku Jaafar, Ampangan, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
Intermediate Module
MODULE WRITERS: Arianti Binti Sarbin SMK Seri Perling, Johor Bahru, Johor Janet John Samai SK Muadzam, Pahang Jasminder Kaur Santtokh Singh SMK Abdul Rahman Yaakub, Bota Komathy Manikkam SK Kampung Tenang, Labis, Johor Little Flower J.S. Fernandez SMK Kepong, Jalan FRI, 52100 Kepong, Selangor M.Maya P.K. Manoharan SMK Bukit Baru, Melaka Mohamad Fairdaus Bin Misnan SMK Jalan Kolan Air, Batu Pahat, Johor Ngiam Siew Lan SMK Paduka Tuan, Segamat, Johor Norhuda Binti Shahmin SMK Convent, Batu Pahat, Johor Norul Akmar Binti Hj Alang SMK Air Molek, Melaka Rajaspare Rengasamy SK Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor Redzuan Bin Ahmad SMK Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah, Seberang Perak, Teluk Intan, Perak Hor Saw Lelin SMK Karak, Karak, Pahang Ruhil Hayati Binti Zulkapli SMK Senaling, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Sabrina Binti Zainuddin SK King Edward VII-2, Taiping, Perak Sahridah Binti Abu Samah SMK Lurah Bilut, Pahang Salbiah Binti Saleh SMK Tengku Mahmud Iskandar, Sg. Mati, Muar, Johor Sarweswari Karuppiah SMK Dato Hj Kamaruddin, Kuala Kubu Bahru Sashikala Nair SMK Karak, Karak, Pahang Selvarani Thanggiah SMK Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Kajang, Selangor Siti Salmiah Binti Mohd Sharif SMK Undang, Jelebu Negeri Sembilan Siti Zarina Binti Md Samud SMJK Pei Hwa, Sg Mati, Muar, Johor Tan Bee Ling SMK Durian Tunggal, Melaka Tay Yew Guan SMK Jelai, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan
Intermediate Module
MODULE WRITERS: Leela Rani Bachaan singh SMK Teknik, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Norehan Binti Moktar SMK Rantau Panjang, Jalan Kapar, Klang Norizah binti Muhamad SM Teknik Kerian, Bagan Serai, Perak Radhakrishnan Ponnusamy SMK Yuk Choy, Ipoh, Perak Roslin Adlina Binti Abd Razak SMK Seri Raub, Pahang Sarojini Devi Balasingam SMK Dato Onn, Kuala Lumpur Suguna Rajagopal SMK Simpang Beluru, Enggor, Kuala Kangsar, Perak T, Vanitha Thanabalan SMK Seri Desa, Tg, Karang, Selangor Winnie Tan SMK Dato Bentara Dalam, Segamat, Johor Yashida Binti Yasim SMK Tinggi Kajang, Kajang, Selangor Zaimy Bin Shah Bhari SK Sg Choh, Rawang, Selangor Zainab Bibi Binti Hamid SMK Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Zainalariffin Bin Abd Kadir SMK Munshi Ibrahim Labis, Segamat, Johor Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang, Johor
FACILITATORS Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz Institut Perguruan Bahasa Antarabangsa, Kuala Lumpur Ghazali Bin Abdullah Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn, Johor Laily Binti Yahya Institut Perguruan Teknik Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali Institut Perguruan Ipoh, Perak Yashwanora Binti Yahaya Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu Malaysia Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang, Johor
INTRODUCTION
Intermediate Module
This self-access package consists of 3 modules: Beginner Module, Intermediate Module and Advanced Module. Teachers are expected to spend about six months to complete the 3 modules. The distribution of hours is as follows: Beginner Advanced - 40 hours - 40 hours Intermediate - 40 hours
Each module consists of 8 themes namely: 1. Theme 1: People 2. Theme 2: Current Issues 3. Theme 3: Health 4. Theme 4: Environment 6. Theme 6: Social Issues 7. Theme 7: Stories 8. Theme 8: Culture And Language = 5 Hours = 5 Hours = 5 Hours = 5 Hours = 5 Hours = 5 Hours = 5 Hours Total Hours = 40 Hours Each thematic text is organised according into 3 language learning components: Interaction Language awareness Writing Reading Total number of hours per week - 3 hours - 1 hour - 1 hour - 5 hours
5. Theme 5: Science And Technology = 5 Hours
At the end of each module, there will be a Model Test which the teachers have to complete. Upon completion of the Self Access Learning Modules, teachers should be able to achieve the following: Language Awareness: understand basic grammar use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs identify, understand and use: parts of speech, tenses, types of sentences, question forms
Intermediate Module
identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences
Reading: develop reading sub-skills identify and understand main ideas and supporting details identify cause and effects, recall information, to make inferences and draw conclusions draw other higher level comprehension skills enrich vocabulary find meaning of words read based on contextual clues transfer information from linear to non-linear to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension
Writing: write grammatically correct sentences generate and organise ideas using specific techniques develop a paragraph with focussed and specific main ideas support the main idea in a paragraph with supporting details write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences draft an essay based on an outline write coherent essays, letters and reports.
This package is specially designed to benefit Mathematics and Science teachers who require more support in using English as the instructional language to deliver their lessons.
INTERMEDIATE MODULE
Intermediate Module
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Language Awareness: Aim To be able to create awareness and develop a progressive understanding of the different grammar components of the English Language.
Objectives: To be able to use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs. To be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs. To be able to identify, understand and use verbs and tenses.
Reading: Aim To be able to read and understand different text types.
Objectives: To be able to develop reading sub-skills. To be able to enrich vocabulary. To be able to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension. To be able to answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level. To be able to answer questions at application and analysis level.
Writing: Aim To be able construct sentences to form a paragraph with some guidance.
Objectives: To be able to write grammatically correct sentences. To be able to generate and organise ideas using specific techniques. To be able to develop a paragraph with a focussed and specific main idea. To be able to support the main idea in a paragraph with supporting details. To be able to write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences.
Intermediate Module
SELF ACCESS LEARNING
WEEK 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
CONTENT Theme: People Language Awareness: Regular and irregular verbs Theme: Current issues Language Awareness: Subject-verb agreement Theme: Health Language Awareness: Modal verbs Theme: Environment Language Awareness: Verbs-to-be Theme: Science and technology Language Awareness: Gerunds /infinitives Theme: Social issues Language Awareness: Phrasal verbs Theme: Stories Language Awareness: Active and passive voices Theme: Culture and language Language Awareness: Present and past participles
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WEEK 9 PEOPLE
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WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
9 PEOPLE 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to: develop reading skills. answer the comprehension questions related to the text. find meaning of words read based on contextual clues and dictionary. use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs. construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs using regular and irregular verbs. develop a paragraph with focused and specific main ideas. write essays based on the notes given.
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WARMER
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8 4
3 5
Read and understand the diary entry below.
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TEXT A Read the story below. My five-year old sons approach was innocent enough. Dad, can I have a story? Sure, I said. But only one and you must go to sleep. He made himself comfortable while I flipped through a storybook, looking for the shortest story. I began to read. Jack and Jill went up the hill to . Why, Dad? my son asked. Why what, son? Why did they go up the hill? he asked again innocently. The answer was in the book, so I continued. To fetch a pail of water. Jack fell . Why, Dad? Why did they fetch a pail of water? That was a slightly more difficult question. If I remember correctly, in those days, there was no piped water and taps. They had to take it home because in those days they didnt have any plumbing. I continued quickly, Jack fell down and broke his crown and .. Why did he fall down, Dad? His shoelace was not tied. He tripped and fell. Dad? What? I asked, trying to stay calm. Whats a crown? My head was beginning to ache. His head. He fell down and broke his head. How Dad? Did he fall on his head? I counted to ten. I wanted to scream at Hans Christian Andersen for writing this story. I took a deep breath and continued, Yes, he fell on his head and it broke. Would I break my head if I fell down? my son asked
(adapted from: Gusto!Grammar Workout KBSM Form 2, Kok Ming Wai & Sugguna Munusamy, 2006)
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Intermediate Module
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Number the sentences based on the story. 1. The father had a headache. 2. Jack fell down and broke his head. 3. To stay patient, the father counted to ten. 4. There was no plumbing; so Jack and Jill had to fetch the water. 5. The son wanted to know why Jill had to go up the hill.
4 3 5 2 1
EXERCISE 2 Answer these questions. 1. Why did Jack and Jill go up the hill? Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch some water. 2. How did the father react to his son? The father react to his son because he was very patient towards. 3. What is a crown? A crown refer to the head. 4. Why was the father angry at Hans Christian Andersen? The father was angry because it was difficult to answer the question. 5. In your opinion, what was the fathers answer to his sons last question? Yes,
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Intermediate Module
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 3 Use the dictionary to find the meaning of these words. 1. innocent 2. tripped : : ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________
3. comfortable :
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES VERBS The verb is the word in the sentence that shows action. conjugation pattern. REGULAR VERBS You will notice that the word look does not change when we add the suffix -ed and the main verb look is the same. Therefore LOOK is a regular verb. Verbs can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs follow the same conjugation pattern. Irregular verbs don't follow the normal
PRESENT PAST
I look through the window. I looked through the window.
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Intermediate Module
EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks by changing the verb in the brackets into past tense form. The first sentence has been done for you. 1. The result was so unexpected that it shocked everyone. (shock) 2. My mother cooked chicken curry for dinner last night. 3. Sam reminded us to lock the doors. (remind) (cook)
4. My sister gripped my hand so tightly that it hurt. (grip) 5. Who borrowed my new shoes? (borrow) (iron) (rain)
6. My mother ironed her clothes while watching television.
7. We had to stop the game yesterday because it rained heavily. 8. His sister baked cakes for him yesterday. (bake)
9. The headmaster informed his teachers about the new programme. 10. The plumber fixed the broken pipe in just ten minutes.
(inform) (fix)
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Intermediate Module
EXERCISE 5 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box.
worked rushed walked
asked discovered followed
complained blamed looked
pulled tried noticed
When I was sixteen, I worked (1) in a butchers shop. The manager of the shop was not much older than I and soon I discovered (2) that he was not always honest. Sometimes he gave the wrong change to his customers and usually they never noticed (3) it. When the younger housewives asked (4) for the best-quality steak he would often give the cheaper cuts of meat. They never complained (5). Probably they blamed (6) themselves if the meat was tough. One day, just before Christmas, we were getting ready to close the shop. We had sold almost everything. There was only one turkey left. Suddenly a woman walked (7) in and said excitedly that she had to have a four-kilo turkey. The manager tried (8) to sell our miserable little bird which she said was too small. Then the manager rushed (9) to the back of the shop, turkey in his hand. I knew that we had nothing else at the back, so I followed (10) him to see what he would do. He pulled (11) and stretched that turkey, making it look a little bigger. Then he went back to the customer, saying, Here you are, madam. This one is bigger. She looked (12) at it a moment, and then said, But its still not big enough. Ill take both of them, please.
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Intermediate Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 6 Write a short paragraph in about 100 words about yourself. You may use the questions below to help you. Use all the grammar notes learned in the earlier module to help you.
MYSELF
Personal Particulars age single/married children? schools taught? years of experience hobbies
Family Background big/small family parents occupation early education
FAVOURITES food drinks colour subject
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TEXT B Read the dialogue below. Norita : I know a lady who has a very pleasant personality. She is my Aunt Rosie. Soon : Really? I would like to meet her. What is a pleasant personality actually? Norita : It is one that appears attractive from the inside while maintaining a presentable appearance on the outside. Soon : It simply means that the person looks nice in appearance and has a nice character too. Norita : Yes. That describes my Aunt Rosie. Soon : Is it difficult to look nice? Norita : No, actually its easy to look nice. All we need are nice clothes, a nice hairstyle and nice make-up. However, we need to cultivate nice qualities as well. Soon : Should we look nice to have a pleasant personality? Norita : The main qualities are friendliness and cheerfulness. We are attracted to friendly and cheerful people. On the other hand, we do not want to go near hostile and grumpy people. Soon : Thats true. I have a friend who is so pleasant and charming that others want to be near her and talk to her. There should be more of such people around. Norita : Of course other qualities like tolerance, patience and generosity also make up a pleasant personality. Soon : So we need to have these qualities to make us truly attractive. Norita : Certainly. If we have these qualities, we have a pleasant personality.
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Intermediate Module
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions based on the dialogue. 1. Aunt Rosie probably has the following qualities except A. friendliness. B. helpfulness. C. grumpiness. D. liveliness. 2. The word maintaining can best be replaced with A. saving. B. taking. C. keeping. D. covering 3. According to Norita, having a nice appearance is A. difficult. B. unlikely. C. impossible. D. not difficult. 4. When Norita says that we need to cultivate nice qualities, she means we have to A. buy it. B. make effort. C. keep it. D. discuss it. 5. A person does not have a pleasant personality if he is A. quiet. B. rude. C. cheerful. D. patient. 6. Which statement best summarizes this dialogue? A. Many people do not have a pleasant personality. B. It is impossible to have a pleasant personality. C. There is no need to have a pleasant personality. D. We can all cultivate a pleasant personality.
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Intermediate Module
EXERCISE 2 Answer these questions. 1. How can we describe a pleasant personality? Pleasant appearance is appearing attractive from the inside while maintaining a presentable appearance on the outside.
2. What type of people are we attracted to? We are attracted to friendly and cheerful people.
3. What type of people are we not attracted to? We are not attracted to hostile and grumpy people.
4. Why does Norita say that it is easy to look nice? Nora says it is easy to look nice because all we need is nice clothes, hairstyle and make up.
EXERCISE 3 Write the opposite meaning of these words. 1. attractive 2. tolerance 3. patience : : : ugly intolerance impatience
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Intermediate Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
IRREGULAR VERBS Most verbs are changed into past tense by adding a d or ed to the present tense. Most verbs are regular verbs. We call verbs that change to the past tense in other ways irregular verbs. Some irregular verbs change a vowel. Example 1: I swim every day at the YMCA. I swam there yesterday. Some irregular verbs change a final d to t. Example 2: Please send me a secret message. I sent it an hour ago. Some dont change at all. Example 3: I read Spanish easily. Yesterday I read a book in Spanish. Now lets see the verb buy. PRESENT PAST I buy fruits for my mother every weekend. I bought some mangoes yesterday.
You have seen that buy changes to bought in the past tense, so we say that the verb bought is irregular.
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Intermediate Module
EXERCISE 4 Guess the past tense of the verb and fill in the table below.
Present Tense bite write 2.ride drive 3.get speak choose
Past Tense 1.bit wrote rode drove got 4.spoke Chose
EXERCISE 5 Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the underlined verbs below.
I. I like to sing. 2. My brother sells cars. 3. I usually do my writing in the office 4. He comes to see me every day. 5. The sun rises every morning. 6. I have two computer games.
Last year I _sang in the school concert Yesterday he sold a Ford Fiesta. Last week I did it at home.
Yesterday he came at 2 oclock. Yesterday it rose at 5 a.m. On Wednesday I had only one computer game.
7. I find this job hard to complete. 8. I drink milk every day.
I found the previous job easier. Yesterday I drank one glass.
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Intermediate Module
EXERCISE 6 Read the sentences carefully. Fill in the blanks with either the simple present or simple past form of the verb. 1. He usually (drink) drinks a glass of fruit juice every morning, but yesterday morning he (drink) drank two glasses of warm water instead. 2. He is an eloquent speaker. He always (speak) speaks clearly and his voice never (shake) shakes even when there is a big crowd. However, he (have) had a bad car accident yesterday, and today, he (tremble) trembled when he was speaking at the competition. 3. My grandmother (cook) cooks vegetable soup on Sundays. When we (go) went to her house last Sunday, she (serve) served us chicken soup. Apparently, she (forget) forgot to go to the market on Saturday. 4. Every year end, my family and I would (spend) spend our holidays by the seaside. My parents (say) say the sea breeze is good for us. Last night, however, my father (announce) announced that he just won a free holiday for four to Disneyland. Hurray! Were going there for our annual vacation, (shout) shouted my brother. 5. I (like) like Mathematics. It is a challenging but interesting subject. I (enjoy) enjoy doing calculations and solving problems. In the previous test, I (get) got full marks for the monthly test. My Mathematics teacher (praise) praised me for doing so well.
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Intermediate Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 7 List a teachers duty in school. You may use the verbs you have learnt. a. teach b. _____________ c. _____________ d. _____________ e. _____________ f. _____________ g. _____________ h. _____________ i. j. _____________ _____________
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EXERCISE 8
Using the verbs that you have listed in Exercise 7, write a short essay on teachers duty in school.
TEXT C Read and understand the diary entry below.
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Intermediate Module
Dear Diary, Ive just spent the past week stuffing myself! Im on holiday and I have been going out with my family. We have been invited to so many dinner parties and every time we go, we always have so much to eat. I told my parents that I would like to go to a concert this holiday. I saw the advertisement that said an orchestra would be playing movie themes at the Concert Hall. I would love to go there. Alternatively, I can also ask my friends from the music school to go with me. We could make this a day out. My parents think that asking my friends to go is a good idea. After all, if we want to form a string quartet or play in an orchestra one day, we have to do all we can to build our music knowledge. The four of us can do many things together. Well, Im going to call them now and see if they want to go. Till we meet again, Bye, my dear diary.
Jim
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the questions that follow.
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Intermediate Module
1. What has the writer been doing during the holidays? A. The writer has been eating a lot. B. The writer has been traveling. C. The writer has been shopping. D. The writer has been working. 2. How does the writer feel about music? A. The writer cannot be bothered. B. The writer is indifferent. C. The writer loves it. D. The writer thinks it is waste of time. 3. How did the writer find out about the concert? A. Through the radio. B. Through an advertisement. C. Through a friend from the music school. D. Through his parents. 4. A day out means A. a short holiday. B. a quiet time. C. a pleasant time for friends. D. a trip somewhere for a day.
5. A string quartet is made up of.. A. four people. B. two people. C. three people. D. one person. EXERCISE 2 Fill in the blanks with either TRUE or FALSE.
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Intermediate Module
1. Jim and his family were invited to so many dinner parties. 2. Jim wanted to go for a movie during the holidays. 3. The orchestra would be playing movie themes at the school hall 4. Music knowledge is important to form a music group. WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 3 Use the dictionary to find the meaning of these words.
T F T T
1. concert - _____________________________________________________________ 2. advertisement - ________________________________________________________ 3. orchestra - ____________________________________________________________ 4. alternatively - __________________________________________________________ 5. knowledge - ___________________________________________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
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GRAMMAR NOTES: Verbs Verbs are action words that show the state of something (be verb) Examples: Khalid was the only boy learning ballet. Ali and Bala went to the movies last night. There are two types of verb: Regular Verbs These are verbs that are spelt the same in the past tense form and usually end in a -d or -ed when written in past tense form. Examples: walked baked
Irregular Verbs These are verbs that are spelt differently in the past tense form. Example: go went
Some irregular verbs are spelt the same in the past tense form. Example: cut cut
EXERCISE 4 Complete this crossword. Find the past tense form of the verbs given.
1 2 3
4 6 7
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Intermediate Module
8 9 10 12 13 15 17 18 19 21 2 23 24 22 20 16 11 14
Across: 3. bring 7. sing 9. feed 14. sell 16. leave 19. draw 23. stand
4. stick 8. eat 10. shake 15. read 16. meet 22. drink 24. make
Down: 1. hurt 5. understand 11. hear 13. write 20. pay
2. choose 6. sit 12. swim 17. go 21. win
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WRITING
EXERCISE 5 Based on the notes below, write a short essay about Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia. Date of birth Education Career : 26 November 1939 : Primary and secondary education in Pulau Pinang : 1964 graduated with a degree in Islamic Studies from University Malaya : 1978 became member of Parliament of Kepala Batas : Served as Education Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs : Became Deputy Prime Minister in 1999 : 31st October 2003 sworn in as the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia Contributions : Introduced new policies and regulations to improve the civil service : Promote unity among the many races of the country
Place of birth : Pulau Pinang
ANSWER KEY WARMER
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Intermediate Module
1. listen 2. stop 3. wait 4. clean 5. eat 6. think 7. give 8. sit 9. talk 10. sing TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1. The son wanted to know why Jill had to go up the hill. 2. There was no plumbing; so Jack and Jill had to fetch the water. 3. Jack fell down and broke his head. 4. The father had a headache. 5. To stay patient, the father counted to ten. EXERCISE 2 1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch some water. 2. The father was very patient towards his son. 3. Crown refers to the head. 4. The father was angry because it was difficult to answer his sons questions. 5. Yes, dear, and thats why you have to be careful all the time. (Accept any other logical answer).
EXERCISE 3 1. not guilty
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2. to lose balance after knocking your foot against something 3. provide a pleasant feeling EXERCISE 4 1. shocked 2. cooked 3. reminded 4. gripped 5. borrowed 6. ironed 7. rained 8. baked 9. informed 10. fixed
EXERCISE 5 1. worked 2. discovered 3. noticed 4. asked 5. complained 6. blamed 7. walked 8. tried 9. rushed 10. followed 11. pulled 12. looked
EXERCISE 6 (Sample answer)
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MYSELF My name is Siti. I am 25 years old. I am married and I have three children. I have taught in three schools for the past thirteen years. My hobby is reading. I like to read romantic stories. I love to travel too. I come from a small family. There are four members in my family. They are all married and have settled down. My secondary education was in Johore. After my SPM in 1990,I continued my studies in University Malaya. I studied literature and graduated in 2002. I was first posted as a teacher to Kuala Terengganu. My favourite colour is blue. I love to eat nasi lemak and drink the tarik. I enjoy cooking too.
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. D EXERCISE 2 1. Pleasant appearance is appearing attractive from the inside while maintaining a presentable appearance on the outside. 2. We are attracted to friendly and cheerful people. 3. We are not attracted to hostile and grumpy people. 4. Nora says it is easy to look nice because all we need is nice clothes, hairstyle and make-up.
EXERCISE 3 1. ugly
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2. intolerance 3. impatience EXERCISE 4 1. bit 2. ride 3. get 4. spoke 5. stole 6. rang 7. drink 8. freeze 9. rose EXERCISE 5 1. sang 2. sold 3. did 4. came 5. rose 6. had 7. found 8. drank EXERCISE 6 1.drinks, drank 2. speaks, shakes, had, trembled. 3. cooks, went, served, forgot 4. spend, say, announced, shouted. 5. like, enjoy, got, praised.
EXERCISE 7 a. teach
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b. motivate c. guide d. mark e. demonstrate f. educate g. instruct h. coach i. j. train explain
k. (accept any other suitable answers) EXERCISE 8 (Suggested Answer) Teaching is a noble profession. A teacher is responsible for moulding a students character. Next to parents, a teacher is the closest person to the students. A teacher motivates and guides students to be more confident and have good moral values. A teachers main job is to educate young people to become successful individuals. However, a teachers job is not confined to the classroom or within the school compound only. A teacher has to mark exercise books, prepare sets of test papers and records students performance. A lot of these jobs are done at home. Being a teacher is hard work. Besides teaching, a teacher also performs various other duties such as counselling, nursing and attending courses and meetings In conclusion, teaching is the work that comes from the heart and it requires total commitment and dedication.
TEXT C EXERCISE 1
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1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A EXERCISE 2 1. true 2. false 3. true 4. true EXERCISE 3 1. A musical entertainment given to an audience by players or singers. 2. An announcement of something for sale. 3. A group of people playing musical instrument. 4. As a choice. 5. Information or familiarity gained by experience. EXERCISE 4 ACROSS 3. brought 4. stuck 7. sang 8. ate 9. fed 10. shook 14. sold 15. read 16. left 18. met EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer) 19. drew 22. drank 23. stood 27. made DOWN 1. hurt 2. chose 5. understood 6. sat 11. heard 12. swam 13. wrote 17. went 20. paid 21. won
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Born on 26 November 1939, in Pulau Pinang, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, or more affectionately known as Pak Lah, received his primary and secondary education in Pulau Pinang. After graduating with a degree in Islamic Studies from University Malaya in 1964, he joined the civil service. He entered the field of politics when he became the Member of Parliament for Kepala Batas in 1978. He served as the Education Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawis long service in the government earned him respect and fame. In 1999, he was made the Deputy Prime Minister. Finally, on 31 October 2003, he succeeded Dr. Mahathir Mohamad as the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia. As soon as he became the Prime Minister, he introduced new policies and regulations in the civil service. He also tried to promote unity among the many races in the country.
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WEEK 10 CURRENT ISSUES
WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
10 CURRENT ISSUES 5 HOURS
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OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to: WARMER identify, understand and use; Subject-Verb Agreement correctly in sentences. Enrich your vocabulary. answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level. write grammatically correct sentences.
List 3 current issues that you have read in the newspapers. Example: Clean toilets I)_____________________________ ii)_____________________________ iii)____________________________Local Bird With No Local Name Found! There is an interesting little aquatic bird that has no Malay name. According to the villagers the local name of this bird is Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis). The majority of the villagers say it is the chick or the young of the Belibis or Whistling Teal (Dendrocynia javanica). At a distance, the Little Grebe appears like a little duck but on closer examination, it has a pointed bill. The bird is almost tailless. It does not have webbed feet like ducks too. Each toe has an independent leaf-like paddle. The Little Grebe is mostly seen single or in pairs in former mining pools, especially in the Klang Valley, Paya Indah Wetlands and Batang Berjuntai in Selangor, Malim Nawar and Kinta Valley in Perak. They are also found in shallow artificial lakes like Timah Tasoh in Perlis. This little aquatic bird is an excellent swimmer and diver. In fact, it dives some 600 to TEXT times A 1,000 a day in search of food or plants materials for nest-building. It feeds mainly on Read the passage below.fish and frogs. aquatic insects and larvae, The relationships of mature pairs are exemplary as they share all the chores of housekeeping and parental care of the young till they fledge.
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Adapted from The New Sunday Times April 15, 2007
Intermediate Module
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Based on the text, complete the following task.
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1. The local name for this aquatic bird is Little Grebe. 2. Describe the bird based on its:a. bill : pointed b. tail : without tail c. toes : leaf-like paddle 3. Name the habitat of this bird. a. Former mining pools b. Swimmer and diver c. wetlands 4. The bird is an excellent swimmer and diver 5. The bird eats aquatics insects, larvae, fish and frogs. WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Match the underlined words in the text to their meanings given in the box below. pointed artificial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Distance Pointed Tailless Former Artificial Excellent Feeds Chores distance tailless excellent feeds former chores not very close sharp end without tail existing before man made very good Eats household job that one does regularly
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
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A sentence consists of a subject and a verb. The subject may be a noun or a pronoun. The verb must agree with its subject. When the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too. ( the singular verb normally ends with an s ) Singular Subject The bird The bird Johan The student It She He Singular Verb has Lives loves answers Eats Completes Concludes
no Malay name. on insects. chocolates. the questions. the fish. the experiment. the essays.
When the subject is plural, the verb must be plural as well. (The plural verb normally does not end with ans). Plural Subject The birds The birds Johan and Hannah The students They We You Plural Verb Have Live Love answer Eat Complete Conclude no Malay names. on insects. chocolates. the questions. the fish. the experiment. the essays.
EXERCISE 3 From the text on the Little Grebe, identify the subjects and the verbs. Write the subjects and the verbs in the table provided. The first one has been done for you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Subject bird The villagers The little grebe It It Each toe The little grebe They Aquatic Verb Is Say Appears Has Does Has Is Are Is
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10 11 12 13 14
It It Mature pairs They They
Dives Feeds Are Share pledge
WRITING
EXERCISE 4 Match each subject with the other part of the sentence correctly. Then write the correct sentences in the space provided. The first one has been done for you. 1. There 2. Neither the boys nor the girls 3. Everyone in this class 4. Someone in the neighbourhood 5. Anyone 6. Both Shawn and Steve Owes his loyalty to the nation. shows the most popular documentaries on television. has the courage to ask questions to the speaker. are many students studying in the library. has to participate in the group project. Score the highest mark in every test.
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7. Each and every citizen 8. The National Geographic Channel 9. No one in this hall
like to stay at the hostel. is spying on us. is welcomed to attend the talk.
1. There are many students studying in the library. 2. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. ___________________________________________________________________ 7. ___________________________________________________________________ 8. _________________________________________________________________ 9. _________________________________________________________________
TEXT B Read the article below. Better future for teachers Promotions, study options in store PETALING JAYA: More promotions as well as study opportunities are in store for teachers under an Education Ministry proposal to revamp teacher training. Education Minister Datuk Seri Hishamuddin Tun Hussein said the ministry was in final stages of looking into upgrading the two bodies responsible for teacher training the Teacher Training Division and Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB).
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This follows a government decision to upgrade all teacher training colleges to teacher training institutes last year. A revamp of teacher training is necessary as we need to look into the roles and functions of the institutes, the division and IAB in implementing teacher education programmes, he said in a statement yesterday. Hishamudiin added that the ministry would forward a proposal to the Public Service Department to establish a department within the ministry responsible not only for teacher education but the development of professionalism among them. This move will enable us to strengthen the teaching profession as a whole as it will create more promotional posts for graduate teachers up to the Jusa C level. It will also create more opportunities for teachers to further their studies at masters and PhD levels to fill important positions, he said. The ministry has identified the fifth thrust of the National Education Blueprint 2006-2010 strengthening the teaching profession as its focus for this month.
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 1. Who will be most interested to read the article above? A. Trainees B. Teachers C. Graduates 2. The article above is about A. training more teachers. B. implementing pre-school education programmes. C. creating more promotion and study opportunities for teachers. 3. The word revamp can best be replaced with A. To change or rearrange B. strengthen C. identify
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WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Fill in the blanks correctly with the words provided below. opportunity promotion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. revamp strengthen functions role position identified responsible necessary
Many workers are qualified for promotion at the end of the year. Jeffry was responsible for the accident last Saturday. We have to revamp everything in order to make the working condition better. Dont forget to bring the necessary equipment for the outing, my father shouted. A teacher plays an important role in moulding her students. Several functions are being held at the Putra World trade Centre. I am given the opportunity to present the experiment to the panel. Please be in your position the game is about to start, said the referee. The victim identified the thief from the photographs. The graduates meet often so as to strengthen their relationship.
WRITING
EXERCISE 3 Write in four sentences how to prepare yourself for further studies. Refer to Text B to help you. Ill 1._________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________ 3._________________________________________________________________ 4._________________________________________________________________
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Mobile phone is an electronic telecommunication device which is also called a cell. Electromagnetic radio waves are sent to the other station by antennas. Hence, this technology is called cellular network. In this context, mobiles which are used in this technology are called cellular phone. TEXT C Mobile phones have become essential. Life is very difficult to manage without them. Read the text on mobile phones below. Mobiles are being used by children, youths and elders alike. They are used in every corner of the world. Even in developing countries where land-line phones are scarce, mobile phones are used widely. Mobile phones offer many functions to the users. Among them are mobile games, text messaging, video player, online services and breaking news. In Japan, companies send free text messages to their users about an earthquake and also help to trace the disaster victims. Someone who has no access to the land-line can easily use the mobile phones to connect to the modem. Breaking news, whether these are related to cricket, foot ball or bomb blast all over the world can be sent or received. However, there are some drawbacks of using the mobile phones. Most of these are related to its misuse. Firstly, the usage of mobile phones while driving can cause accidents. Furthermore, unlimited use of mobile phone causes genetic diseases and even cancer to users. Mobile phones also create disturbance during work so it is prohibited in libraries, schools, banks, hospitals and in colleges during class. There is restriction of mobile use in aircrafts too.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. What is another name for mobile phones? A. Phones B. Telephone C. Cellular phones 2. In what way can the mobile phones facilitate communication? A. Mobile games B. Video games C. Breaking news 3. How does the overuse of mobile phones affect the users health? A. Flu B. Cancer C. Mumps
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4. Mobile phones are not allowed in i) ii) iii) libraries hospital colleges
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2: Read the text again. Using a dictionary, find the meaning of the words listed below. word 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 device essential manage youth scarce functions disaster drawbacks meaning
EXERCISE 3: Read the text again. Identify all the Subjects and Verbs found in the text. The first answer has been done for you.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Subject mobile phone Radio waves This technology Mobiles Developing Mobile phones Developing countries Mobile phones Mobile phones Companies Someone it
Verb Is Are Is Are Are Is Are Are Offer Send Is Occums
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES Other common rules for Subject-Verb Agreement. Subject-Verb Agreement Rules 1. The following words are singular in meaning, so they take singular verbs: anybody, anyone, each, every, everyone, no one, none, someone, something 2. Units of money, distance and time are considerd singular subjects if they come before the verb. 3. Certain nouns end with an s but they are singular in nature. These nouns agree with singular verbs. - subjects of study, such as statistics, Examples a. No one understands the passage. b. Every student works out the sum. c. None of the statements is true. a. Five kilometers is really a long walk. b. Twenty minutes is needed to heat the water. c. Ten ringgit is the cost of the apples. a. Statistics is a challenging subject. b. Aerobics is a form of exercise. c. Measles is an infectious disease.
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mathematics, physics - activities such as gymnastics, aerobics, athletics - diseases such as mumps, measles, diabetes - nouns such as notes, news, comics 4. Words indicate many or more than one, take plural verbs. - both, both and, several, many, few, others, people 5. If a sentence has a fraction or percentage followed by a noun, the verb agrees with the noun, not the fraction or percentage. 6. When the following structures are used; Eitheror, neither nor, not only, but also.., the verb must agree with the noun closest to it. a. The quarters of the cake is distributed equally to the students. b. About fifty five per cent of the students come to school by bus. a. Neither the Director nor his deputies are available at the office. b. Not only the airline industry but also the construction industry is hard hit by the economic depression. a. Both Halimi and Hamid are absent from the hockey practice. b. Several people participate in the tournament.
EXERCISE 4 Underline the correct verb so that it agrees with the subject in each of the sentences below. 1. My student (is, are) a hardworking student. 2. The girls (is, are) preparing for the performance. 3. Shanthi (has, have) to sit for the test. 4. I (teach, teaches) Mathematics as well as Living Skills. 5. Elephants (is, are ) mammals. 6. I (has, have) some questions, said Sheilla 7. The Form 3 Wira students (arrives, arrive) very late at the laboratory. 8. Armi, Rashid and Yahya (wear, wears) glasses. 9. Nurul Huda (are, is) not satisfied with her present performance in the class. 10. The competition (is, are) one of the many events organized by the Hobby Club.
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EXERCISE 5 Choose the correct form of verb in the brackets. 1. Some people in Africa _________ too little to eat. (have, has) 2. A number of trees _________ hit by lightning. (was, were) 3. Running ten kilometres a day __________ very healthy. (is, are) 4. The number of accidents __________ increasing. (is, are) 5. The Chinese _________ in many countries besides China (lives, live) 6. Several people __________ working in the office. (is, are)
EXERCISE 6 Change the sentences into plural. 1. A terrapin has sharp teeth to cut food. _________________________________________________________ 2. An octopus moves by waving its tentacles strongly through water. _________________________________________________________ 3. A rabbit lives underground. _________________________________________________________ 4. A wild orchid grows on trees. _________________________________________________________ 5. Minahs daughter dances very well _________________________________________________________ 6. My student loves to come for the activity. ___________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7 Write down three advantages of owning a mobile phone. 1.makes communication easier 2.makes information 3.increase the frequency
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ANSWER KEY WARMER i) ii) iii) iv) v) TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1) Little Grebe 2) a) pointed b) without a tail/tailless c) leaf-like paddle 3) former mining pools, shallow artificial lakes, and wetlands 4) swimmer and diver 5) aquatics insects, larvae, fish, frogs National Service Global Warming Deforestation Floods Drug Abuse
EXERCISE 2 1.distance 2.pointed 3.tailless 4.former 5.artificial 6.excellent 7.feeds 8.chores
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EXERCISE 3 Subject bird the villagers the Little Grebe it it each toe the Little Grebe they aquatic it it mature pairs they they Verb Is say appears has does has Is are Is dives feeds are share pledge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 EXERCISE 4
1. There are many students studying in the library. 2. Neither the boys nor the girls like to stay at the hostel 3. Everyone in his class has to participate in the group project. 4. Someone in the neighbourhood is spying on us. 5. Anyone is welcomed to attend the talk. 6. Both Shawn and Steve score the highest marks in every test. 7. Each and every citizen owes his loyalty to the nation. 8. The National Geographic Channel shows the most popular documentary on animals. 9. No one in this hall has the courage to ask questions to the speaker.
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. B 2. C 3. A
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EXERCISE 2 1. promotion 2. responsible 3. revamp 4. necessary 5. role 6. functions 7. opportunity 8. position 9. identified 10. strengthen
EXERCISE 3 1. read research journals 2. read books on research 3. improve my English Language 4. upgrade my ICT skills
TEXT C MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Read the text and answer the following questions. 1.C
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2.C 3.B 4. i) banks ii) colleges iii) hospitals iv) (Accept any two answers) EXERCISE 2 piece of equipment necessary organise / control young people almost not available uses unfortunate event disadvantages EXERCISE 3 Subject mobile phone electromagnetic radio waves This technology mobiles mobile phone developing countries mobile phones mobile phones companies someone it these there most of them unlimited use of mobile phone mobile phones it there Verb Is Are Is Are Is Are Are Offer Send Is Occurs Are Are Are Causes Create Is Is
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EXERCISE 4 1. is. 2. are 3. has 4. teach 5. are 6. have 7. arrive 8. wear 9. is 10. is EXERCISE 5 1. have 2. were 3. is 4. is 5. live 6. are
EXERCISE 6 1. Terrapins have sharp teeth to cut food. 2. Octopuses move by waving their tentacles strongly through water. 3. Rabbits live underground. 4. Wild orchids grow on trees. 5. Minahs daughters dance very well. 6 My students love to come for the activities. EXERCISE 7 1. Makes communication easier 2. Increase the frequency of communication 3. Makes information accessible.
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WEEK 11
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HEALTH
WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
11 HEALTH 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to: identify, understand and use: modals or auxiliary verbs correctly in sentences develop reading skills understand and identify main ideas and supporting details enrich your vocabulary find meaning of words read based on contextual clues transfer information from linear to non-linear text use a dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts
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WARMER
Fill in the table with suitable answers: FOOD GROUP CarbohydrateProteinVitaminFibreExamples of food Rice Egg, milk, chicken Vegetables, fruits,grains Fruits,vegetables
TEXT A Read the text THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING GOOD HEALTH Most of us know that good nutrition is essential in helping us to stay healthy. Finding time to eat a balanced diet on a daily basis seems a difficult task in our busy society today. One of the fundamentals of staying healthy is proper nutrition. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, we must be careful of what we eat. By following the Food Pyramid, people become aware of the basic serving sizes of each food group that they need every day. Our diet must contain all essential food groups that include carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre. Besides eating a variety of foods,
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we must choose a diet low in salt, sugar, saturated fat and cholesterol and increase our intake of fruits, vegetables and grains. We must drink at least eight glasses of water per day to replace the lost body fluids. However, we must make sure that the water consumed is clean and filtered to avoid contamination. What we eat affects our lifestyle. For example, inadequate nutrition can affect a childs physical and mental development. On the other hand, overeating can lead to serious health risks and obesity. Physical activity is another important component of maintaining good health. Physical activity is any aerobic activity done three or four times a week. Exercise can be walking, jogging, swimming, cycling or playing games and sports. Exercising can increase metabolism and stamina and help develop strong bones and muscles. Exercising has physical advantages as well as psychological benefits. Physically, exercising increases lean muscle mass and decreases fatty tissue. Psychologically, it gives people more confidence and a positive body image. Adapted from FOCUS Mastery in English Oxford Fajar
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Complete the exercise 1. What can help us to stay healthy? (paragraph 1) Little grebe. 2. What is the essential food group mentioned in the text? (paragraph 2) Pointed, without a tail, leaf-like paddle 3. What causes obesity? (paragraph 3) Former mining pools. 4. What are two benefits of physical activity? (paragraph 4/5) Swimmer and diver 5. What are two psychological advantages of exercising? (paragraph 5)
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Aquatics insects, larvae, fish, frogs WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Find words in the passage that match the meanings given below. Tick ( ) the correct words. Use the dictionary if necessary.
No 1.
Meanings The process of giving or getting the right kind of food for good health. To eat or drink something The condition of being too fat The chemical activity in your body that uses food to produce the energy to work and grow. To bring advantages to someone
Words diet nutrition balanced maintain contain consumed mental physical obesity component metabolism stamina benefits
Tick
2. 3. 4.
5.
image tissue
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Modals Modals 1. Can Functions/Usage To express the ability of a living or non-living thing To give or refuse permission Examples Most birds can fly except penguin. They can have breakfast now You cannot tell her the secret. Can you help me carry this table?
To make a request
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Could 2. May/might
To express possibility To express possibility
Mother could have waited for us I may buy a present for Linda We might go for a picnic today May I borrow your car? You may leave now.
To give or ask permission
EXERCISE 3 Fill in the blanks with can, cannot, may or may not to make meaningful sentences. 1. Too much rain can cause floods in low-lying areas. 2. It is too noisy that we cannot hear the announcements. 3. He is very angry that he might. join us for dinner. 4. Do you think you can keep a secret? asked Fatimah. 5. It is already 3.00pm. He may not come for the lesson. 6. The camel can travel for days without drinking water. 7. You can write to us at this address or send an email. 8. She must stay in the hospital. The doctor says she may have dengue. 9. I am afraid I cannot make any changes because the date of the competition has been fixed.
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10. Pak Musa may be thin, but he is very healthy. EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks with the correct modals. Joe : I dont feel well. My head is heavy and I feel cold.
Doctor: Hmm, you have a fever. Your temperature is quite high. You (1) must drink a lot of water and stay in bed. No oily food or running about, understand? Joe : No! I (2) cant do that. I have a very important examination tomorrow. I (3) must go to school. I cant afford to miss that exam. Doctor: But you (4) shouldnt go to school like this. Joe : Is there any medicine that can reduce or control my fever for one day?
Doctor: In that case, I will give you this medicine. You (5) have to take it according to the instructions given. It is dangerous if you take more than that. Joe : Okay, I will follow your instructions closely. Thank you, Doctor.
EXERCISE 5 Make your own sentences using the given modals. Example Good nutrition help us to stay healthy. (can) Good nutrition can help us to stay healthy. 1. 2. We - drink least - eight glasses - water per day. (should) We should drink at least eight glasses of water per day. Exercising gives - people - more confidence - a positive body image. (may) Exercising may give people more confidence and positive body image. Cycling - playing games - help you keep fit ( may ) Cycling and playing games may help you to keep fit
3.
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4.
Our diet - have all the essential food groups. (should) _our diet should have all the essential food groups.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6 A. Refer to the text and suggest five ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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5. We may .
1. We should .. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
2.We must ..
3. We can
4. We may
B. Rewrite the answers above in a paragraph. We___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
TEXT B Read the text below. Mr. Kamarul is a Sports teacher. Some students in the school are taking part in the junior category of a half-marathon race. He is giving the participants some advice several days before the race.
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All of you can do well in the race if you follow my instructions. Who knows, you may win a prize. The night before the race, all of you must get a good nights sleep. You mustnt stay up late into the night! You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time to eat a full breakfast. You shouldnt eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will need at least an hour for the food to digest before the run. In our hot weather, you will sweat a lot, so you must drink plenty of water one hour before the race. This will prevent you from getting tired or thirsty too fast. All runners must do some warm-up and stretching exercises before the race. You should stretch all the muscles from head to toe. Will all of you pay attention?
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions 1. Who is Mr Kamarul?
2. What are Mr Kamaruls advices to the students? List four of them. a. __________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________ d. __________________________________________________ WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Match the words given with those in box B 1. prevent -
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2. digest 3. instructions 4. stretching 5. muscles -
BOX B one of the pieces of flesh inside your body to process the food in the stomach to put out your hand and foot in order to reach out to stop to tell someone what to do
LANGUAGE AWARENESS Grammar Notes Modals or auxiliary verbs are used with another verb to express possibility, permission, obligation, determination, refusal, etc. Can, could, will, would, must, might, may, shall, should are all termed modals.
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Modals Will, Would Could, can
Functions/Usage To ask for assistance To ask polite questions
Examples Will you please open the door? Would you please open the door? Could you please carry the table? Can you please carry the table? I have to study tonight She must go to the clinic today. You are tired, you should take a rest. Your dress is dirty, you ought to wash it.
Have to, Must need Should, Ought to
To express necessity
To express advice
EXERCISE 3 Respond to the following situations using the words in brackets. Example: I cant find my ticket. (must, drop) You must have dropped it. 1. John did not come to school today. (He, must, miss the bus) ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Look at his new expensive gold chain. (He, couldnt, buy it himself) ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is Fadilah late for her computer class? (She, might, oversleep)
____________________________________________________________________ 4. I cant find my Science report. (You, must, forget-bring) ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Siti has to stay back after school work. (She, couldnt, finish) ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you know Alias got the highest marks in Chemistry? (He, must, study hard) ____________________________________________________________________
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7. Where is my umbrella? (You, could, leave it on the train) ____________________________________________________________________ 8. Who finished the chocolate cake? (He, might, eat it) ____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4 Rewrite the following sentences using may. Example: Could I use your computer? May I use your computer?
1. Could I possibly get a lift? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Do you mind lending me your bicycle? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. I would like to speak to the teacher. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. Could I have your permission to go out? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. I would like to see the Principal. ____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5 Read the extract from the text below and underline all the modals.
The night before the race, all of you must get a good nights sleep. You mustnt stay up late into the night! You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time to eat a full breakfast. You shouldnt eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will need
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at least an hour for the food to digest before the run. In our hot weather, you will sweat a lot, so you must drink plenty of water one hour before the race. This will prevent you from getting tired or thirsty too fast.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6 Using all the notes given below, write out the steps you can take to manage stress.
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Always plan ahead Schedule your time for work and family Reduce your stress with some form of physical activity Get involved in activities so that you can meet people When you have problem, always talk to someone about it Learn to laugh
Write the steps in not more than 100 words. You may begin as follows. There are many ways in managing stress. Firstly you should ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
TEXT C Read the following text Downs Syndrome Downs syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. Instead of having 46 chromosomes in each cell, a person with Downs syndrome has 47 chromosomes. Downs syndrome is not a sickness, nor is it infectious. It is an abnormal condition that cannot be treated.
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Downs syndrome occurs in families from all races, social classes, religious and cultural backgrounds. It is an accident of nature. It is not the result of what a woman does during her pregnancy. However a womans chance of having a Downs syndrome increases with age, especially after 35. Babies with Downs syndrome share some special physical characteristics: Eyes that slant upwards and outwards A somewhat flat face with a flat nasal bridge Poor muscle tone which results in floppiness A smaller mouth cavity Children with Downs syndrome are likely to develop more slowly, mentally and physically. Most of them have some learning disabilities. However like normal children they vary in ability. A child with Downs syndrome can enjoy a healthy life. Nevertheless, there are certain medical conditions which include heart problems, hearing and visual problems, thyroid disease, chest and sinus infections.
(Adapted from KBSM English 2005)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 1. How many chromosomes does a normal person have? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. At what age does a womans chance of having a Downs syndrome baby increase rapidly ? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Give two physical characteristics of a baby with Downs syndrome. i.___________________________________________________________________ ii. __________________________________________________________________
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4. How does a child with Downs syndrome develop? ____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2 Complete the graphic organizer below using information from the text above:
Mental Development 1. _________________ 2. __________________ Medical condition 1_____________ 2_____________ DOWNS SYNDROME Physical characteristics 1. _____________ 2. _____________
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 3 Match the words from the text in column B with the meanings given in column A COLUMN A MEANING COLUMN B WORDS
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1. differ 2. able to pass from one person to another. 3. a typical feature or quality that something has . 4. lack of something that makes learning difficult. 5. a tiny part in an animal or human cell that carries genetic information.
disability Chromosome vary infectious characteristics
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4 The following are some telephone phone conversations. Complete the dialogues. 1. Hello. Is there? Self Access Daud Learning Hello? Yes, he is
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May I ..
..
Yes, you may
..
Just a minute. Ill get him
Hello
Hello, Can Ito Munah?
2.
Shes not at home right now. Would you ______________ a message? EXERCISE 5
Certainly. Just a minute. I have to get a pen.
Read and understand the situation carefully. Write your answers with the help of the words given in the brackets. Example: You need an eraser. You ask your friend. (borrow) May I borrow your eraser?
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1. You are a sales assistant. A lady looks unsure. You ask her. Madam, can a help you (help) 2. You knock on your friends door and ask permission. May i come in.? (come) 3. You want to play football. Ask permission from your mother. Can i play football?( play) 4. You have lost your way to the post office. Ask for the direction . Can you show me? (show me) 5. You ask you friend to help you with your homework. Can you help me_? (help)
EXERCISE 6 Fill in the blanks with the correct modals. Mr Tan Hazman Chong : I think it is important for all the residents of Taman Permata to do something to make this place a clean and safe housing area. : What ________________ we do to help? : The first thing we _______________do is to clean the drains. There is too much rubbish in them. __________________ you get some help from the Town Council please? : Yes, I will. : Thank you. Next, I think we need to cut the tall grass along the road. There _______________. be snakes in the bushes. : But first we _______________ cut the grass. Some grass ____________ fall into the drains.
Azman Mr.Tan Chong
WRITING
EXERCISE 7 You and your friends are going to have a gotong-royong to spring-clean the staffroom. As the staff club chairman, you inform the teachers of their duties. Use
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modals to describe what you have planned to do. You may use the notes below to help you write. General Plan Should divide - into - groups. Can- complete two hours must start 8.00 a.m Group 1 Will paint walls - must roller brushes gloves Group 2 Repair- furniture must bring hammers, nails and pliers Group 3 Clean window panes - fans lights must bring along cloth, pails and soap powder. You may start your briefing with: Good morning everyone, to start our gotong-royong, we should _________________. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY: WARMER: Carbohydrate rice, bread, noodles, pasta, spaghetti Protein egg, chicken, beef, beans, mutton Vitamins vegetables, fruits, grains, enriched bread Fibre fruits, lentils, fruits, vegetables
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TEXT A: EXERCISE 1 1. By referring to the Food Pyramid and the Dietary Guideline 2. The essential food groups include carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre. 3. Overeating and consuming high calorie food can cause obesity. 4. a. it can increase ones metabolism and stamina. b. it helps develop strong bones and muscles and lower risks of cardiovascular diseases. 5. a. Exercising gives people more self confidence b. Exercising gives people positive body images and boosts self-esteem. EXERCISE 2 1. Nutrition 2. consumed 3. obesity 4. metabolism 5. benefits
EXERCISE 3 1. can/may 2. cannot 3. might/may not 4. can 5. may not
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6. can 7. can/may 8. may 9. cannot 10. may EXERCISE 4 1. must 2. cant 3. must 4. shouldnt 5. have EXERCISE 5 1. We should drink at least eight glasses of water per day. 2. Exercising may give people more confidence and a positive body image 3. Cycling and playing games may help you to keep fit. 4. Our diet should have all the essential food groups.
EXERCISE 6 A 1. We should exercise regularly 2. We must have enough sleep 3. We can stay healthy by eating balanced food 4. We may be able to drink a lot of water 5. We may take yearly medical check-up
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And Other Relevant Answers B We should exercise regularly. We must have enough sleep. We can stay healthy by eating balanced food. We may be able to drink a lot of water. We may take yearly medical check-up.
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. Mr Kamarul is a sports teacher. 2. a. b. c. d. Get up early on the race day Get a good night sleep before the race You should not eat spicy and oily food. You must drink plenty of water.
And Other Relevant Answers EXERCISE 2: 1. to stop 2. to process the food in the stomach 3. to tell someone what to do 4. to put out your hand and foot in order to reach out 5. one of the pieces of flesh inside your body
EXERCISE 3 1. He must have missed the bus. 2. He couldnt have bought it himself. 3. She might have overslept. 4. You must have forgotten to bring it 5. She couldnt have finished it. 6. He must have studied hard.
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7. You could have left it on the train. 8. He might have eaten it. EXERCISE 4 1. May I get a lift? 2. May I borrow your bicycle? 3. May I speak to the teacher, please? 4. May I go out? 5. May I see the principal? EXERCISE 5 The night before the race, all of you must get a good nights sleep. You mustnt stay upl late into the night! You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time to eat a full breakfast. You shouldnt eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will need at least an hour for the food to digest before the run. In our hot weather, you will sweat a lot, so you must drink plenty of water one hour before the race. This will prevent you from getting tired or thirsty too fast.
EXERCISE 6 Suggested answer: There are many ways in managing stress. Firstly, you should always plan ahead. Try to schedule your time for work and family. In this way you would have enough time for both your family as well as work. You can also reduce stress with some physical activity such as jogging and swimming.
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To make sure you do not have stress you may also try to get involved in activities where you can meet people. By talking and meeting people you can talk about your problem and even to solve them. Finally you should learn to laugh. After all laughter is the best medicine. TEXT C EXERCISE 1 1. 46 chromosomes 2. after 35 b. a flat face with a flat nasal bridge c. poor muscle tone which results in floppiness d. a smaller mouth cavity (any two) 4. He/She develops slowly, mentally and physically EXERCISE 2 Mental Development: 1. slow 2. learning disabilities Medical Condition: 1. heart problems 2. hearing and visual problems Physical Characteristics: 1. Eyes that slant upwards and outwards 2. A smaller mouth cavity 3. a. eyes that slant upwards and outwards
EXERCISE 3: COLUMN A MEANING 1. differ vary COLUMN B WORDS
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2. able to pass from one person to another. 3. a typical feature or quality that something has . 4. lack of something that makes learning difficult. 5. a tiny part in an animal or human cell that carries genetic information.
infectious characteristics disability Chromosome
EXERCISE 4 __________ speak to him? __________ speak Like to leave EXERCISE 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Madam, can I help you? May I come in?/ Can I come in, please? Can I play football?/Mum, May I play football? Can/Could you show me the direction/way to the Post Office, please? Can you help me with my homework, please?
EXERCISE 6 Can Can Could May Must Must EXERCISE 7 WRITING Suggested answer Good morning everyone. To start our gotong-royong, we should divide ourselves into three groups. In the groups we can do several tasks and we can complete the work in two hours. We must all start at 8.00 am. The first group will paint the walls. We must use
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rollers and brushes to paint them. We must use gloves to protect our hands from the paint. The second group will repair the furniture. We must bring hammers, nails and pliers. Lastly, the third group will clean the window panes, fans and lights. We must bring along cloth, pails and soap powder to do the cleaning.
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WEEK 12 ENVIRONMENT
WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
12 ENVIRONMENT 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to: develop reading sub-skills enrich your vocabulary use the dictionary as an aid to reading comprehension
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answer questions at knowledge and comprehensive level use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs understanding, identify and use verbs and tenses write grammatically correct sentences generate and organize ideas using specific techniques develop a paragraph with a focused and specific main idea
WARMER Rearrange the jumbled up letters to form meaningful words related to the given topics.
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Effects of pollution to human: mastha dofol
asthma flood
(A type of illness) (Effect of too much rain) (Rain that destroys plants) (Dry season) (The measurement of how much water there is in the rain.
diac nair
Asid rain
ghroudt
drought
ityhmudi
humidity
ezah
haze
( Too much air pollutants)
TEXT A Read the text carefully.
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MAN AND ENVIRONMENT Good morning teachers and friends. I am happy to be given this opportunity to speak to you today. It is known that the trees around us are being cut down at an alarming rate. Houses and factories are built and forests are cleared for this. With more factories, the area is polluted by the waste products and smoke. When trees are cut down, the oxygen level decreases. People suffer from asthma, breathing difficulties, coughs and colds. It is also hotter now because there is no shade from the trees. The cutting down of trees has led to the loss of natural habitat for the animals in the forests. They eventually die because they lose their source of food and shelter. Some even migrate to the towns and are killed because they threaten man. Thus, the government has started tree replanting programmes and imposed stricter laws on the cutting down of trees. We also have to play our part to plant more trees around us so that our future generations can benefit. Thank you. ( Adapted from, Eksplorasi English Form 2, Fajar Bakti (2004))
10
15
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions. 1. This passage is a
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A. letter B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 3. A. B. C. D. story report speech the effects of pollution the effects of a lack of oxygen a report on environment the effects of the rapid cutting down of trees breathing problems cold weather hot weather forest fires
2. The passage is about
Air pollution causes
4. Which is not an effect of deforestation? A. The weather is hotter B. The animals are killed C. There are more forest fires D. The oxygen level decreases 5. The word this in paragraph 2 refers to A. the cutting down of trees B. air and water pollution C. the extinction of wild animals D. the building of houses and factories 6. How can we help to stop the ill-effects of deforestation? A. Chase away the animals B. Cut down more trees C. Plant more trees D. Kill the animals WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Replace the underlined words with the meanings available in the box.
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gain glad
move finally
becomes lesser
1. I am happy to be given this opportunity to speak to you today (Line 1) Answer : glad 2. When the trees are cut down the oxygen level decreases. (Line 6) Answer : becomes lesser 3. Animals eventually die because they lose their source of food and shelter. (Line 9) Answer : finally 4. Some animals even migrate to the towns and are killed because they threaten man. (Line 10) Answer : move 5. We have to play our part by planting more trees around us so that our future generation can benefit from it. (Line 14) Answer : gain
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
VERB-TO-BE
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It consists of am, is, are, was and were. The base form is be; the progressive form is being; and the participle form is been.
Functions : o The verb to be has two main functions: as the main verb and as the helping verb. o As a helping verb, it functions to indicate progressive tenses and passive sentences. 1. Verb to be as main verb. Depending on the subject and the tense, the verb to be changes its form into am, is, are, was were or been. Thus, we have: 1. 2. 3. 4. I am a teacher. He was our guest speaker last year. He is good at English. They are in the room now.
In this case, the verb to be functions as the main verb. 2. Verb to be as helping verb. i. Verb to be indicates progressive tense (continuous tense). Thus we have: 1. 2. 3. 4. He is learning English. She is being childish now! They are cooking for the party tonight. She was sleeping when I dropped by yesterday.
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VERB-TO-BE
Subject Singular He She It Salleh I Plural You We They The girls
Present Tense is
Past Tense Was
am
Was
are
Were
EXERCISE 3 Fill in the blanks with am, is and are. 1.Neither she nor I am going to the concert. 2.Either she or they are to take the things to your house afterwards. 3.Too much salt is bad for you for it will give you high blood pressure. 4.The town council is proposing a law to make every house owner pay extra tax. I think everyone will object. 5.The children are going to get the best opportunities in life. 6.Every man and every woman is to help to make this scheme a success. 7.He can never give up politics because politics is in his blood. 8.The policemen are setting up road blocks everywhere to catch the robbers. 9.There are a number of chairs in the canteen. You can take one of them. 10.The owner of the three houses is not here today.
EXERCISE 4
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Fill in the blanks with was or were. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. EXERCISE 5 Fill in the blanks with the correct verb-to-be. My mother _is(1) very keen in knitting. A few months ago, I found myself interested in it too. This made my mother very happy. At first I was(2) rather disappointed because I could not knit well. I did everything my mother asked me to do although my stitches were (3) not neat. Why couldnt I knit as well as my mother? I practised everyday and slowly improved. After a long time, I was (4) able to knit quite well and even managed to make a scarf. Now, I am (5) almost as good as my mother at knitting. TEXT B The prices of the things he bought were very high. Every boy and every girl in the school was asked to help in the concert last month. Neither he nor I was wrong in this matter. So, do not blame either of us. Not only his friends but also his enemies were praising him for his honesty at a ceremony two years ago. There was very little variety in the food they served in the canteen. The crew and passengers were treated to dinner when they landed on the island. His family was always eating durians when they visited their grandparents in the village. The class was quietly doing their work when the teacher went to the office. The Beautiful Garden was written by a Malaysian author three years ago. The people were busy selling keropok.
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Read the dialogue carefully. OZONE LAYER Two friends, Terry and Mary, are discussing the weather Terry : The weather last night was terrible. It was hot! I had the fan on full and still my whole body was damp with sweat. I have never experienced humid weather such as this before. Mary : It must be due to the Greenhouse effect. Terry : The Greenhouse effect? Whats that? Mary : Its the warming up of the world because of the reduction in the ozone layer. Terry : Whats the ozone layer? Mary : The earth is protected by a type of gas called ozone. This ozone layer protects us by filtering out the harmful ultra-violet rays of the sun. Many things have caused this protective layer to become thinner and thinner. Terry : Mary : As a result, the earth is becoming warmer. What is causing this ozone layer to disappear? Well, for one thing, it is pollution. Pollutants from factories, exhaust fumes from motor vehicles, the use of chlorofluorocarbons in spray cans and refrigerators and carbon dioxide from the burning of coal in temperate countries to keep warm have all contributed to the reduction in the ozone layer. In fact, scientists have found a big hole in Terry : the ozone layer over both the North and the South Poles. Whew! Thats sound very scientific and complicated. I wonder how you keep such information in your head. No wonder you are the top student in science! About the thin ozone layer, surely its not that bad? It only Mary causes the weather to become hotter. Thats where youre wrong. When the weather is too hot, plants cannot grow and people will die without food. Besides, the higher temperatures 25 will melt the ice at the Poles, thus, the sea level will rise. Many low-lying areas in countries such as Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia will be flooded. Terry I didnt know the Greenhouse effect could cause such destruction. Id 30 better stop burning the rubbish in my garden. EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions. 1. What did Terry complain about? (Line 1) __________________________________________________________ 20 15 10 1
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__________________________________________________________ 2. What is the Greenhouse effect? (Line 6, Line 11) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3. How is the ozone layer helpful? (Line 9-10) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 4. State one factor which is responsible for the thinning of the ozone layer. (Line 14-18) __________________________________________________________
5. Terry decided not to burn rubbish. environment? Answer:
How will his decision effect the
By not burning the _____________, Terry is not polluting
the ______________________. Thus, it will not worsen the Greenhouse ____________.
WORD ATTACK
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EXERCISE 2 Find out the word from the dialogue that means the same as the word underlined. You may use the dictionary to help you. 1. The weather is warm as it has not been raining for the past few months. (line 3) ________________________________________ 2. The public needs to be aware of the decreasing of the ozone layer. (line 6) ________________________________________ 3. We need to dispose of the garbage properly in order to keep our environment clean. (line 14) ________________________________________ 4. We could not answer the test questions as they were very difficult. (line 20) ________________________________________ 5. The water level in the dam will increase if the rain falls continuously for another three days. (line 26) ________________________________________ LANGUAGE AWARENESS Present Continuous Tense We use the Present Continuous (Progressive) when we talk about something which is happening at the moment of speaking.
Present Continuous (Progressive)
Past
Present
Future
Functions : 1) To show actions happening at the moment of speaking
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Peter is reading a book now. 2) To show fixed plan in the near future She is going to London on Saturday. 3) To show temporary actions His father is working in Rome this month. 4) To show actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions) My friend is preparing for his exams. 5) To show trends More and more people are using their computers to listen to music. 6) To show repeated actions (with the word always, constantly, forever)
Andrew is always playing football after school.
Form
to be
(am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing Examples : Affirmative sentences: Negative sentences: Questions:
Is
He is coming home today. They are coming home today. He is not coming home today. They are not coming home today. he coming home today? Are they coming home today?
Past Progressive
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We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was happening around a period of time in the past.
Past
Present
Future
We use the Past Progressive together with the Simple Past. The Past Progressive is used for the action in the past which was in progress when a new action (Simple Past) happened.
Past
Present
Future
Two actions which were in progress in the past do not influence each other.
Past
Present
Future
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Functions : 1) actions were in progress at special time in the past Peter was reading a book yesterday evening. 2) two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other) Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times. 3) together with the Simple Past While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang. 4) repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)
Andrew was always playing football after school.

Signal words : while, when Form Examples : Affirmative sentences: Negative sentences: Questions: He was coming home today. They were coming home today. He was not coming home today. They were not coming home today.
Was
: to be
(was, were)
+ infinitive + -ing
he coming home today?
Were they coming home today?
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject Singular He She It Salleh I Plural You We They Children The girls
Present Tense
Verb
Is singing. reading. Am writing. driving. studying. eating. Are
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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject Singular He She It Salleh I Plural You We They Children The girls
Past Tense
Verb
Was singing. reading. Was writing. driving. studying. eating. Were
EXERCISE 3 Fill in the blanks with am, is or are. 1. He is doing his homework with his friends in the library. 2. We are learning English from Mrs. Gan everyday. 3. I am baking a cake for my mothers 80th birthday. 4. They are singing songs happily at the school hall. 5. The children are playing football outside the house with their neighbours. 6. Ten little ducks are swimming in the pond at the park. 7. Siti and Ani are watching television in the living room. 8. Mother is cooking chicken curry in the kitchen for lunch. 9. Lily is reading a horror book in his room. 10. The cat is sleeping soundly under the bed in my room.
EXERCISE 4
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For each question, choose the best answer from the options A to D. 1. Sanjay _______________ football with his friends when the accident happened. (A) (B) (C) (D) play plays are playing was playing
2. Puan Zalifah ______________ English in this school. (A) (B) (C) (D) is teaching teach are teaching taught
3. She ___________ ___ to my mother to buy the new cook book now. (A) (B) (C) (D) suggest is suggesting suggested are suggesting
4. I ______________ the clothes yesterday when my friend came to my house. (A) (B) (C) (D) washed are washing washes was washing
5. I ______________this picture when the telephone rang. (A) (B) (C) (D) draws drew was drawing am drawing
6. We ______________ coffee this morning when my father called me.
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(A) (B) (C) (D)
drink were drinking are drinking drank
7. Ali ______________to a big crowd at the concert last night. (A) (B) (C) (D) 8. sing is singing was singing sang
Rajesh ______________ this picture now. (A) (B) (C) (D) painted is painting are painting paint
9.
The strong wind ______________down the posters. (A) (B) (C) (D) is blowing are blowing blew blow
10.
When night falls, the crickets ______________ a lot of noise. (A) (B) (C) (D) makes is making made make
EXERCISE 5
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Fill in the blanks with correct present continuous tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The children are playing (play) in the field. Why dont you join them? Water is leaking (leak) from the tap. You need to get it repaired. Mr. and Mrs. Leow are staying (stay) in Singapore. They have been there since 1988. All the students are attending (attend) a seminar in the hall now. Everyone is handing (hand) in the assignment. Why arent you? The panel of jury is deciding (decide) the verdict of the case.
7. Neither Jackson nor his siblings are taking (take) part in the concert. 8. Either Bernard or you are going (go) for the fund raising. 9. 10. Beckham Look! is playing and Susan (play) are football watching at the the moment. now. Mandy (watch) concert
11. My mother is preparing (prepare) dinner at 7 o'clock. 12. Our class are having (have) the tests later in the morning. 13. He is eating (eat) his breakfast at the restaurant with his friend. 14. The sun is shining (shine) brightly now. 15. Listen! The band is playing (play) the new song, said Siti.
EXERCISE 6 Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.

1.
Aini was washing(wash) her car while her husband was cuting(cut) the hedges when their neighbour returned. While my classmates were painting (paint) the classroom, that boy was drawing(draw) on the wall when the headmaster came. The journalist ___________________ (interview) the accident victim while the photographers ___________________ (take) photos of the accident. While I _________________ (record) the minutes of the meeting, the treasurer ___________________ (give) a report of the accounts of the society. They _________(be) constantly _____________(argue) about the use of the computer. My father _________________ (weed) the plant when it started to rain.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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7. 8.
Your sister _________________ (wash) the car while your cousin _________________ (water) the flower when I came to your house. The boys _________________ (sing) the whole evening.
TEXT C Read and understand the following letter of complaint. Ros Diana Muzaffar, 19, Jalan Astroria, 83700 Yong Peng, Johor. _____________________________________________________________________ The Yong Peng Town Council, 1119, Jalan Permai, 83700 Yong Peng, Johor. Dear Sir, Irregular Garbage Collection I am writing to you to inform you of the irregular collection of rubbish in our housing estate. The rubbish is collected only once or twice a week. When the rubbish bins are emptied, it is done in a very sloppy manner causing rubbish to be spilled onto the road. 2. The irregular collection of rubbish is posing a danger to the health 23 APRIL 2007
of the residents. The overflowing rubbish, besides giving off a foul smell, can cause illness to them. I have seen flies gathering an the bins and I am very sure that if these flies come into contact with the food of the residents, they will fall sick. Dogs, cats and rats also come to the bins to look for food. While searching for food, they spill the uncollected rubbish onto the road making the whole place filthy and smelly. I am sure the spilt rubbish will endanger the health of the people living here.
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3.
Besides the irregular garbage collection, the drains are also not
cleaned. As a result, many of them are blocked and the water becomes stagnant in them. The blocked drains not only give off a strong odour but also become breeding places for mosquitoes. If action is not taken soon, many of the residents here may become victims of malaria or dengue fever. 4. I hope the council will take note of what I have written and act soon.
I am sure the council would not want to be held responsible for spreading diseases. Thank you. Yours faithfully,
ROS
(ROS DIANA MUZAFFAR) (Adapted from PMR B.I, Fajar Bakti, 1998)
EXERCISE 1 Answer the questions below. 1. What is the main complaint of the writer? (Paragraph 1) ________________________________________________________________ 2. How often is the rubbish been collected by the Town Council workers? (Paragraph 1) ________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are flies a danger to health? (Paragraph 2) ________________________________________________________________ 4. How can uncollected rubbish be dangerous to the residents? (Paragraph 2) ________________________________________________________________ 5. Name the animals that go to the rubbish bins to look for food. (Paragraph 3)
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________________________________________________________________ 6. What other complaints are mentioned in the text? (Paragraph 3) ________________________________________________________________ 7. Why is the stagnant water harmful to the residents? (Paragraph 3) ________________________________________________________________ 8. State TWO diseases that are caused by the mosquitoes. (Paragraph3) (i) (ii) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Find the opposite of the underlined words in the sentences. You may use the dictionary to help you. 1. I am writing to you to inform you of the irregular collection of rubbish in our housing estate. ( _________________ ) 2. When the rubbish bins are emptied, it is done in a very sloppy manner causing rubbish to be spilled onto the road. ( _________________ ) 3. While searching for food, they spill the uncollected rubbish onto the road making the whole place filthy and smelly. ( _________________ ) 4. While searching for food, they spill the uncollected rubbish onto the road making the whole place filthy and smelly. ( _________________ ) 5. As a result, many of them are blocked and the water becomes stagnant in them. ( _________________ ) EXERCISE 3
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Complete the text below using verb to be and Present Continuous Tense a) Lisa (1) ________ (be) very happy. Her father (2) ___________ (take) her to England. She (3) ___________ (go) to visit her brothers who (4) ___________ (study) in the Oxford University. Her father (5) ___________ (plan) to go there during the coming school holidays. b) Daud and Harun (1) ________ (be) good friends. They (2) ________ (be) not at home now. They (3) ___________ (swim) in the river. The river (4) ______ (be) situated about 2kilometres away from their houses. They like to go there because the water (5) ______ (be) cool and refreshing.
EXERCISE 4 Construct sentences using Past Continuous Tense. The first one has been done for you. 1) old lady playing piano An old lady was playing the piano perfectly._________________________ 2) two girls singing _____________________________________________________________ 3) people eating _____________________________________________________________ 4) visitors talking _____________________________________________________________ 5) students laughing _____________________________________________________________ 6) children playing _____________________________________________________________ 7) woman carrying - table _____________________________________________________________ LANGUAGE AWARENESS
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EXERCISE 5 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. am Sarah : Hasan : Sarah : Hasan : are is
Hi, Hasan! Where are you going? Oh hi, Sarah! I (1) am going over to visit Lily. Jaswant told me that she is down with the flu. Who? Jaswant? No, it (2) is Lily. I called her house and her sister told me that she is
very sick. She is very worried about her. It seems their parents (3) are not at home. They have gone on a holiday overseas. They (4) are Sarah : coming back on Saturday. I (5) am not doing anything at the moment, so shall I come along with you to visit Lily? You (6) are Hasan Sarah Hasan Sarah Hasan : : : : : not going anywhere else now, are you? No, Sarah. I (7) am not going anywhere else at the moment. OK. I hope that Lily gets well soon. I hope so too. Shall we walk over to her house? It is not very far. No problem. We (8) are quite near her house anyway. You are right. I didnt even notice that we had walked so far.
WRITING
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EXERCISE 6 You are an officer working with the Department of Environment. You have been asked to give a talk at school on Pollution. Write out your speech, using the notes below to help you. Your composition should be more than 120 words. INTRODUCTION Definition of pollution - Dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources CONTENTS - i) Types of pollution *air *water ii) Causes of pollution *exhaust fumes from motor vehicles *toxic air from factories *rubbish dumping *oil tank leakage *deforestation *soil erosion iii) Ways to reduce pollution *organise a campaign *recycle *use public transport, car pool *stop open burning *government should enforce strict laws and actions must be taken to those who against it CONCLUSION - Everybody plays an important role save environment *land *noise
ANSWER KEY WARMER asthma, flood, acid rain, drought, humidity, haze.
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TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1 2 3 EXERCISE 2 1 2 3 4 5 Glad becomes lesser Finally Move Gain D D A 4 5 6 C D C
EXERCISE 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Am Are Is Is Are Is Is Are Are Is
EXERCISE 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 were was was were was were was was was were
EXERCISE 5 1 2 3 4 5 is was were was am
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. Terry complained about the hot weather the previous night. 2. It is a condition which causes the temperature of the earth to rise. OR It is a condition that makes the earth warmer. 3. It blocks out certain harmful rays of the sun. OR It filters out the harmful rays of the sun.
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4. The use of spray cans / The use of motor vehicles. / Smoke from factories. 5. By not burning the rubbish,Terry is not polluting the environment. Thus, it will not worsen the Greenhouse effect. EXERCISE 2 1. hot 2. reduction 3. rubbish 4. complicated 5. EXERCISE 3 1. is EXERCISE 4 1. D 2. A 6. B 3. B 7. C 4. D 8. B 5. C 9. A 10. D 2. are 6. are 3. am 7. are 4. are 8. is 5. are 9. is 10. is rise
EXERCISE 5 1. are playing 2. is leaking 3. are staying 4. are attending 5. is handing 6. is deciding 7. are taking 8. are going 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. is playing are watching is preparing is having is eating is shining is playing
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EXERCISE 6 1. was washing , was cutting 2. were painting , was drawing 3. was interviewing , were taking 4. was recording , was giving 5. were , arguing 6. was weeding 7. was washing , was watering 8. were singing TEXT C EXERCISE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The rubbish is seldom collected. Once or twice in a week. The flies come into contact with the residents and they may fall sick. The uncollected rubbish make the place filthy and smelly. This may cause diseases. Rats, dogs and cats. The rains are not cleaned. The stagnant water will give a strong odour and become breeding places for mosquitoes. Malaria and dengue fever.
EXERCISE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. EXERCISE 3 a. 1 is 2. is taking 3. is going 4. are studying 5. is planning regular careful clean pleasant flowing
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b. 1. are
2. are
3. are swimming
4. is
5. is
EXERCISE 4 2.The two girls were singing. 3 Many people are eating at the restaurant. 4.The visitors are talking to each other. 5. The students are laughing. 6. The children are playing at the playground. 7. The woman is carrying the table by herself. EXERCISE 5 1. am 2. is 3. are 4. are 5. am 6.are 7. am 8. are
EXERCISE 6 Suggested answer A very good morning ladies and gentlemen. Today I am going to talk about pollution. What is pollution ? Pollution is the process of dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources. There are many types of pollution such as air, water , land and noise pollution .First, let us see the causes of pollution. Air pollution is mostly caused by exhaust fumes from motor vehicles and toxic air from the factories. This toxic air has dangerous
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chemicals which are harmful for our health. Water pollution is caused by rubbish dumping and oil tank leakage. This causes damage to the marine lives such as the lost of beautiful species. The cause for land pollution is deforestation and soil erosion. The cutting of trees and clearing of land for development cause pollution. How to reduce pollution? First, we should organise campaign to raise awareness among the people about the dangers of pollution. Next, we should practice recycling items like papers, cans and plastics . This will reduce the amount of chemical wastes into the air. Then, we should also use public transport such as bus or train. We can carpool too in order to cut the gas released in the air. We must also stop open burning. The government should enforce strict laws and actions must be taken to those who are against it. Ladies and gentlemen, everybody plays an important role to save our environment. It is our responsibility. Thank you.
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WEEK 13 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
WEEK THEME TIME
: 13 : : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 5 HOURS read and understand the texts. answer the comprehension questions related to the texts.
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
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WARMER
skim and scan the text to identify gerunds and infinitive verb to be based on the words and phrases in the texts. understand the grammar items: gerunds and infinitive.(verb to be) write a short essay.
You have received an e-mail from your close friend. State two advantages of e-mailing. _1.____________________________________________________________________ _2.____________________________________________________________________
TEXT A Read the text below. TECHNOLOGY TODAY
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Technology is used widely in education today. technology in many aspects of peoples lives. important. It has four main functions.
All over the world, we find
In education, technology is very
The first function is its role as a tutor, for example, the use of televisions and computers in teaching. Its second function is knowledge exploration. Here, the CDROM is used. Next, technology helps students to create, store and analyse information. Students can use word processing and spreadsheet software. Lastly, technology helps in communication, for example, the e-mail. Teachers are encouraged to use technology in their classrooms as it makes their lessons more interesting. Students too, are attracted by new technology. (Adapted from Technology in Education: Using Technology to Improve Student Achievement, www.nccrel.org/sdrs/areas/eeocont/htm)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions with reference to the passage above. 1. What is used widely in education today? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. State the four functions of technology. (i)_______________________________________________________________ (ii)______________________________________________________________ (iii)______________________________________________________________ (iv)______________________________________________________________
3.
Why should teachers use technology in their classrooms? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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4.
Do you use technology in your class? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Find the meaning of these words. You may use the dictionary to help you. WORDS/PHRASE Widely Create Role Function Helps Tutor MEANING IN CONTEXT
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE INFINITIVE (to + verb) The infinitive is used: 1. To show purpose (a) to + verb Examples : (b) Elizabeth used a pen to write the letter. Jamilah bought some story books to read during the holidays.
With ought to Examples:
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(c)
Hasan ought to spend more time with his family. You ought to start on your project now.
With do , dare and need Examples: What must I do to become a member? I did not dare to kill the snake. We need to do this work by next week.
(d)
After the word due Examples: She is due to deliver her baby in August. Peter is due to arrive on the next flight.
2. To express a command or a compulsion with a verb to be Examples: (a) Fatimah has to finish her work by Monday. You have to switch off the fan as you leave the room. With verbs like remember, decide, read, eat sing, walk and try. Examples: (b) If you decide to join us, you can meet us at the canteen. My father promised to buy a hand phone for my 21st birthday. After adjectives like big, beautiful, clever, neat and clean
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Examples: He tried very hard to paint the house. I am happy to know that I have passed my test.
EXERCISE 3 Fill in the blanks with the infinitive and the verb in brackets. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. You are supposed the children this afternoon. (fetch) The secretary was told not .. her manager.(disturb) The old man has decided . his property to the poor. ( donate ) Please remember to tell Hashim . the prime news on television tonight. ( watch) After a hard days work, it is refreshing .. a long bath. ( take) The beautiful celebrity is going .. her story to the reporters. ( tell) The athlete was not fit . part in the competition. (take) Before we start the meeting, we need .. a secretary. (select)
EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks with the suitable infinitive to + verb.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
You ought __________________ more books and magazines if you want to improve your vocabulary. No one is allowed _______________________ the hall until all the work has been completed. Her father encouraged her ___________________________ for a scholarship to study in America. The participants will be given ten minutes each ______________________ the mystery. We went over ___________________________ if Azlina needed any help. My mother was asked __________________________ lunch for friends. Encik Manaf has paid some workers ___________________________ his house. The man does not want ____________________________ any food.
EXERCISE 5 Make sentences using the phrases given. 1. to watch _____________________________________________________________ 2. to draw _____________________________________________________________ 3. to cook _____________________________________________________________ 4. to teach _____________________________________________________________
WRITING
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EXERCISE 6 Use the mind map given below to write a short essay about 50 words on Computers. Computers
Advantages interesting efficient
Disadvantages expensive difficult to learn
. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ TEXT B Preserving Food As food is essential to the survival of human beings, ways were found to preserve food. The basic idea behind food preservation is either to slow down the activity of disease-causing bacteria or to kill the bacteria altogether. All food contains bacteria but food that is sterile contains no bacteria. Milk, for example, contains bacteria and within hours, milk can go sour if left out in room temperature.
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Canning is one way to store food for long periods of time. In the canning process, the food is boiled in the can and bacteria are killed or new bacteria prevented from forming. Now, the food in the can is completely sterile and will not go bad. Once the can is opened, bacteria enter and start attacking the food. The opened can now has to be refrigerated to slow down the activity of the bacteria. Cans may not necessarily be made of metal alone. Any sealable container can be used for canning and this includes glass jars, foil and even plastic boxes. One disadvantage of canning is that the act of boiling food in the can generally changes its taste as well as its nutritional content. That is why sometimes refrigeration is preferred. Many types of food are also dehydrated to preserve them. These include , powdered milk, dried fruit and vegetable, powdered soups, pasta and instant noodles. Most bacteria die or become completely inactive when dried. Therefore, dried food stored in air-tight containers can last for quite a long time. Drying sometimes completely alters the taste of the food but in many cases, a completely new food is created. Salting is another preservation technique and is often applied to meat and fish. The salt draws out the moisture and creates an environment that is unsuitable for bacteria. If salting takes place in cold weather, salted meat can keep for many years. Pickling is also widely used to preserve meat, fruit and vegetables. The preservative qualities of salt combined with the preservative qualities of acetic acid or vinegar inhibits the growth of bacteria. Pickled mangoes are first soaked in brine for several days then dried and finally bottled in jars of vinegar.
(Source : Future English SPM Form 5 English for Science and Technology, Pearson Longman)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1
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Can you recognise the food in the pictures below? They are preserved food. They are preserved to make them last longer. Write how the following food are preserved.
(a)
(b)
(c)
s _ lt _ _ _ (d)
p _ _ k _ _ ng (e)
c _ nn _ _ _
d__i__
_ alt _ _ _
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1
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Based on TEXT B, complete the chart below.
Food Preservation
Objectives 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________
Types of preserving
Advantages
Disadvantages
1. Canning __________________ __________________ 2.________________ __________________ __________________ 3.________________ __________________ __________________ 4.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ WORD ATTACK ___________
1.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 2.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
1.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 2.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ _______
EXERCISE 2 Find the meaning of the words. Refer to the dictionary..
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WORD 1. preserve 2. bacteria 3. refrigerated 4. alters 5. moisture 6. inhibits 7. brine 8. essential
MEANING
LANGUAGE AWARENESS Gerunds A gerund is formed by adding ing to the end of a verb and functions as a noun. Examples: o o o o o o o o o o Seeing is believing. Hunting deer is not allowed in this country. Stop playing. Children love baking cakes. I like reading the newspaper. I am tired of waiting. He is fond of swimming. He was rewarded for working so hard. We were prevented from seeing the prisoner. Swimming is a good sport.
EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks with a suitable gerund using the verb in the brackets.
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1. __________ is my favourite hobby. (paint) 2. They are interested in __________ an English album. (record) 3. Please stop __________ or you will be asked to leave the room. (shout) 4. The chef is famous for __________ Kelantanese dishes. (prepare) 5. My mother likes______________ and sewing. (garden) 6. __________ the animals in the zoo is not allowed. (feed) 7. The woman kept __________ at the short man. (point) 8. The man was arrested for __________ and theft. (kidnap) 9. __________ is a very noble job. ( teach)That kind lady never stops __________ her neighbours. (heip)
EXERCISE 5 Use gerunds to replace the words in brackets. 1. (Steal) his employers money made him lose his job. 2. They didnt like (practice) in the hot son. 3. He is confident of (pass) the examination. 4. (Become) a doctor is her ambition. 5. The man likes (eat) hawker food. 6. (Fish) is an activity my uncle enjoys very much. 7. The prefects duties are (help) the teachers. 8. We prefer (watch) television to (study). 9. The men crossed the river (use) a boat. 10. Not (give) up, no matter what happens, will make you succeed in life.
EXERCISE 6 Form sentences using the gerunds given.
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1. studying ___________________________________________________________ 2. walking ___________________________________________________________ 3. watching ___________________________________________________________ 4. dancing ___________________________________________________________ 5. singing ___________________________________________________________ 6. writing ___________________________________________________________
WRITING
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EXERCISE 7 Write a short passage on How to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Make use of as many gerunds as you can in your essay. Write in about 100 words.
ANSWER KEY WARMER
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It is fast./ It saves time. TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1. 2. Technology is used widely (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 3. 4. as a tutor for knowledge exploration as a tool to create, compose, store and analyse data as a means to communicate
Makes lessons interesting. Yes, I do./ No, I do not. EXERCISE 2 WORDS/PHRASE Widely Function Helps Tutor Create greatly role aids a person who helps to teach produce MEANING
EXERCISE 3 1. to fetch 2. to disturb 3. to donate 4. to watch 5. to take 6. to tell 7. to take 8. to select EXERCISE 4 1. to read 2. to enter
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3. to apply 4. to solve 5. to see 6. to cook 7. to paint 8. to eat EXERCISE 5 1. 2. 3. 4. I am going to watch the movie. My hobby is to draw. Father wants us to cook Nasi Lemak for breakfast. Rani is going to teach Science.
EXERCISE 6 Suggested answer: Computers are important in our lives today. They are used in schools, colleges and offices. Computers make lessons interesting and efficient. However, computers are expensive to buy. Students sometimes find it difficult to learn how to use the computer. The modern world requires everyone to have a good knowledge of the computer.
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 a. b. c. d. e. salting pickling canning drying salting
EXERCISE 2 Objectives 1. To slow down the activity of disease-causing bacteria
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2.
To kill bacteria
Types of preserving 1. 2. 3. 4. Canning Pickling Salting Drying
Advantages 1. 2. 1. 2. Food can be stored for a longer period. Slows down the activity of disease causing bacteria. Taste and nutrient content changed. Taste is altered.
Disadvantages
EXERCISE 2
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WORD 1. preserve
MEANING IN CONTEXT to treat food so that it can keep for a longer time without going bad. a type of very small organism that lives in air,water, plants,animals which causes diseases. kept cold so that it stays fresh usually in a fridge. changes water content prevents / stops / slows down salt water necessary
2. bacteria
3. refrigerated 4. alters 5. moisture 6. inhibits 7. brine 8. essential
EXERCISE 4 1. Painting 2. recording 3. shouting 4. preparing 5. gardening 6. Feeding 7. pointing 8. kidnapping 9. Teaching 10. helping
EXERCISE 5 1. Stealing 2. practicing
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3. passing 4. Becoming 5. eating 6. Fishing 7. helping 8. watching, studying 9. using 10. giving EXERCISE 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Children must be taught good studying habits. Walking is a good form of exercise. People enjoy watching movies during their free time. My sister teaches dancing in her school. Ahmad enjoys singing English songs. My teacher says that I have good writing skills.
EXERCISE 7 Living a healthy lifestyle is very important. Everybody tries to do the right things to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Eating good, nutritious food and drinking lots of water are part of a healthy lifestyle. In addition, exercise like walking, dancing and swimming are important activities for good health. We must also have a good rest. Sleeping and relaxing are essential too. So, let us practise a good lifestyle to enjoy a healthy life.
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WEEK 14 SOCIAL ISSUES
WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
14 SOCIAL ISSUES 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to:-
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develop reading sub-skills enrich vocabulary answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level answer questions at application level and analysis use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs identify , understand and use phrasal verbs write grammatically correct sentences generate and organize ideas using specific techniques develop a paragraph with focused and specific main ideas write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences
WARMER
Study the picture below and give short responses. 1. List what you can see in the picture. a.____________ b.____________
TEXT A Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
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FROM STREETS TO SCHOOLS Society tends to see street children as social sores that give a bad image as they loiter aimlessly, beg and sleep in the streets. Many citizens would like nothing better than to see the authorities take them off the streets and put them in special homes. However, the welfare department has apparently not been able to do so as they were neither abandoned by their parents nor have been caught begging. But, this does not seem to have stopped Education Minister Datuk Hishammuddin Hussein from addressing the problem of unsupervised children living alone on urban streets. His solution lies in getting them off the streets through education. This is a refreshing change from the periodic round ups and arrest of street children. We should neither treat street children as troublemakers who need to be punished nor view them as social stain that needs to be removed. Many seek refuge on the streets for reasons not of their own making, and most are illiterate with no basic skills to help them get proper jobs. A decent education may help break the vicious circle with no future. However, getting these kids back to school may not be a simple matter as the challenge will be in finding schools with supportive teachers and peers who could persuade them to leave the streets. (The New Straits Times, 19 April 2007) MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Give short answers to the following questions. 1. How does the society see the street children? The society sees them as A.special children B.social sores C.abandoned children
2. Give a reason why the welfare department is unable to put these kids in special homes.
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A. They are not illiterate B. They have not been caught begging. C. They are not treated as trouble makers. 3. What is the Education Ministers solution of getting them off the streets? Providing them with A.food B.shelter C.education
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 The meanings of words are given below. Read the passage again and look for these words in the text. Then write the answer in the box. 1. A person who has a legal right to belong to a country c 2. To leave somebody a 3. A place, person or thing that provides shelter or protection for somebody or something r 4 Unpleasant v 5. To make someone agree to something p LANGUAGE AWARENESS
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PHRASAL VERBS A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Phrasal verbs consist of a simple verb + 1 or 2 particles, where the meaning of the compound is often different from the meaning of the individual parts. The phrasal verbs may consist of verbs and prepositions. If the particle is a preposition, the phrasal verb will always have an object, which follows the preposition in the usual way. Examples: get up, fall off, turn on, and see to a. I get up at 6.00 oclock every morning. b. A few students fall off the school bus. c. Please turn on the radio said the girl to her brother. d. Puan Nora asked her neighbour to look after her cat. e. The children are ill so you must see to them.
EXERCISE 3 Complete the exercise below by using suitable prepositions to construct correct phrasal verbs. The first one has been done for you. i) up 1.make ii)o_ _r iii)_ u _
i)_p 2. come ii) o_ iii)_ _ t
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i) i _ 3.give ii) _ u _ iii) u _
i) i_ _ o 4. look ii) a _ ii)_ n i) i _ 5. fill ii) o _ _ iii) _ p
i) o _ t 6. help ii) i _ iii) b _
EXERCISE 4 The meanings of the phrasal verbs are given below. With reference to the previous exercise, write the correct phrasal verb in the table below.
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Phrasal verbs 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7
Meanings to leave to stop doing something to find out more about something by getting all the necessary information to meet someone by chance to make a container full to hit someone using a sudden violent movement to help someone
EXERCISE 5 Complete the sentences below by choosing the best phrasal verbs. 1. The naughty students manage to .. the teacher from their class. 2. That lady in red is unable to her anger any longer since her daughter has used all her money. 3. If you keep . money all the time , you may lose all your friends. 4. Some tourists were waiting to .. their luggage. 5. She has to get up three or four times a night in order to . her elderly mother. 6. The ceremony was intended to give a memorable for the principal. 7. The team is of form three and form four students. 8. I . Rahmat yesterday at the bookshop. 9. Deen decided to in the shop during my absence. 10. .., there is someone behind you said Ahmad to made up check in look out help out bumped into keep back give up help off with strike out drive away
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Jidah. 11. The discipline teachers . on that notorious boy. 12. The maid the masters raincoat. 13 The pilot has just . from the cockpit. 14. The famous female wrestler had to . her opposition in order to win the championship.
chasing after come out send off attend to
WRITING
EXERCISE 6 How can you as a teacher help to solve the problem of street children? 1.__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ TEXT B Read the text below. WELL GET KIDS BACK IN SCHOOL Putrajaya: The Education Ministry will help street children get back in school if it knows who they are. Education Minister Datuk Hishammuddin Hussein urged the public and nongovernmental organizations to help identify the children. He said that the ministry had no power to get the children off the street but will find ways to re-admit them into schools. These kids roamed the streets because of poverty and ridicule. The issue needs to be looked into or these children will be caught in a vicious cycle
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with no future. It is not a new problem and does not happen only in Johor. Even Kuala Lumpur has street children. The report said that the teenagers were between 14 and 18 years old. In Johor Bahru, some of these teenagers are seen roaming the streets, sleeping on cardboard boxes on the pavement, eating restaurants leftovers, using public toilets and stand up to older boys who extort money from them. The teenagers had said that they preferred spending time on the streets as their families were poor or they came from broken homes. Teachers and fellow students ridiculed them in schools. (Adapted from The New Straits Times, 19 April 2007) MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the following questions. 1. Based on paragraph 2, tick (/) two reasons which cause these teenagers to roam the streets. i) poverty.( ) ii) power( ) iii) identity ( ) iv) ridicule..( ) v) interest..( )
2. Children in paragraph 2 refers to A. young children B. street children C. weak children 3. The word vicious can best be replaced with A. rare B. common C. dangerous
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WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Match the words in Box A to the meanings of words in Box B correctly. A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 urged identify re-admit roamed ridicule poverty stand up to B g. to walk or travel without any definite aim or direction. b. to deal with something difficult or unpleasant c. state of being poor d. to recognize something e. to allow somebody or something to re-enter f. to make somebody give you something by threatening them h. unkind comments to make fun of a person or make them look silly i. tried hard to persuade someone to do something
8 extort EXERCISE 3
Underline the correct answer. 1. She is an object of ( urge, ridicule) in the tabloid newspaper. 2. The child was able to ( identify, prefer ) her attacker. 3. The sheep are allowed to ( roam, happen ) freely on this land. 4. He lives in ( issue, poverty ). 5. She has a ( vicious, power ) temper. 6. The gang ( extorted, look ) money from over thirty local businessmen. LANGUAGE AWARENESS PHRASAL VERBS
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The phrasal verbs may consists of verbs and adverbs. If the particle is an adverb, the word order depends:
(a) whether there is an object VERB go set stand get + ADVERB away off up down This pattern is common with verbs of movement.
(b) With a personal pronoun as object (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) VERB put bring take send + PRONOUN them it us them all + ADVERB away up out off
The pronoun must always come between the verb and the adverb. (c) With a noun as object When the object is a noun or an indefinite pronoun everybody, etc.) (everything,
VERB put bring take send

NOUN OBJECT your toys the matter the children all the letters
ADVERB away up out off
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EXERCISE 4 Complete the sentences with the correct adverbs. 1. He hated school so he ran________________________. 2. You are walking too fast for me. Please slow________________. 3. I cannot hear you. Can you speak______________ a bit? 4. She brought six children ____________ all on her own. 5. Father wants to take us ___________ for dinner. 6. The naughty boys tore the notice ______________. 7. The driver went to pick Pravan ____________ from school. 8. Please remember to pay the money ______________. 9. The children were asked to hand everything ____________ before going back. 10. It is already 12 midnight. Send them all ____________to bed.
EXERCISE 5 Match the phrases to make correct sentences. 1. His speech brought 2. When you have put 3. The Scouts set 4. The boys parents brought the matter 5. The coach was angry because the players gave 6. The headmaster took us off to the campsite at 6a.m n the meeting out for Teachers Day the house down your books away, switch off the lights. the game away.
WRITING EXERCISE 6 1. Based on paragraph 4, name four activities that the teenagers do on the streets. a. ______________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Give two reasons why these children prefer spending their time on the streets? a. ______________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________ TEXT C Read the text below .
SURVIVING THE STREETS Where have all the beggar children gone to? Anyone who has spent a weekend walking around Kuala Lumpur will notice poorly-dressed beggar children, pleading for pity and spare change. But this week, the streets of Kuala Lumpur were empty. Child beggars are noticeably absent these days from their regular haunts like the Pudu Raya Bus Station and Jalan Alor areas, which are crowded with locals and tourists. This might be due to the disappearance of 5-year-old Muhammad Nazrin Shamsul Ghazali, or Yin, who went missing during a family shopping trip to the Sogo Department Store in the city on March 31. The boy was missing for 15 days before he was returned by a Myanmar couple, who claimed to have taken him in, inspite of having five children of their own to feed. It was believed that the couple had set the boy begging. As a result of this fresh interest in beggar children, child begging syndicates operating in several areas were lying low. For beggar children, begging is a necessity. The only way to get money to eat is through begging. There are many children who are vulnerable to syndicates that readily exploit children. (Adapted from New Straits Times, 22 April 2007) MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Circle True or False. 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True False False False False False There are no beggar children in the streets of Kuala Lumpur. The beggars are begging for pity. The streets were empty because of the disappearance of Yin. Yin was missing for more than two weeks. The only way for the children to get money to eat is through begging. EXERCISE 2 Circle the correct answer.
1. Raya Bus
Why are child beggars absent from their regular haunts like the Pudu Station?
A. They are looking for Yin. B. They have gone to Jalan Alor. C. They are afraid the authorities will arrest them. 2. When did Muhammad Nazrin Shamsul Ghazali go missing?
A. During a family shopping trip. B. When the family went touring. C. When he went astray at the shopping complex. 3. because A. beggar children were getting money from the tourists. B. many people were interested in beggar children. C. they were afraid of the Myanmar couple. 4. Syndicates exploit children because Child begging syndicates operating in several areas were lying low
A. the public sympathises with children more than the adults. B. children would go to them to get help. C. parents leave their children to them to earn some money.
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 3 Based on the words used in the text, match the word on the left with its meaning on the right. 1. survive 2. beggar 3. plead A. request for something B. to continue to live C. to say something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other 4. claim people might not believe it. D. a poor person who lives by asking others for money or food LANGUAGE AWARENESS
PHRASAL VERBS If the phrasal verb has two particles (adverb + preposition) the pattern is as follows. [ VERB + ADVERB ] look down look down catch up catch up OTHER EXAMPLES up to stand up for put up with look out for be in for feel up to EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs. + [ PREPOSITION + OBJECT ] on on with with your enemies them the boys in front her
1. Ali ___________________________ studying four weeks before the exam. 2. Puan Tan does not ____________________joinning us for dinner tonight. 3. You must ________________________your right when you deserve something. 4. My grandmother is very old so I have to ________________________ with her childishness. 5. The prefects were told to _____________________ the students who were not wear wearing their school badges. 6. Mrs.Reeta __________________ a big surprise when she gets home as her children have organized a birthday party for her.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5 Based on the notes given, write three sentences for each question. Example:
Sentence 1- name Abdullah Sentence 2 - gave up teaching stressful Sentence 3 - helps out kampung - tuition classes
My neighbour is Abdullah. He gave up teaching because it was stressful. Now, he only helps out in the kampung by giving free tuition classes.
Question 1: Sentence 1 -street children - poor - need attention Sentence 2 - these children - come out - during school hours Sentence 3 - public and government -look into - this issue carefully ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
Question 2: Sentence 1 - teachers - encourage and motivate - dropouts b i- schools
Sentence 2 - They- change - lifestyles - for - better Sentence 3 - teachers - find out - students problems ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Question 3: Sentence 1 - parents - encourage children - to continue - studies Sentence 2 - strict family rules - drive away -children - homes Sentence 3 - so parents - tackle - matter - wisely ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY WARMER 1. Books
2. Man TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1. B 2. B 3. C. EXERCISE 2 1. citizen 2. abandon 3. refuge 4. vicious 5. persuade LANGUAGE AWARENESS EXERCISE 3 1. i. make up 2. i. come up 3. i. give in 4. i. look into 5. i. fill in 6. i. help out ii. make over ii. come on ii. give out ii. look at ii. fill out ii. help in iii. make out iii. come out iii. give up iii. look on iii. fill up iii. help by
EXERCISE 4 1. come out 2. give up
3. look into 4. bump into 5. fill up 6. strike out 7. help out EXERCISE 5 1. drive away 2. keep back 3. chasing after 4. check in 5. attend to 6. send off 7. make up 8. bumped into 9. help out 10. look out 11. give up 12. help off with 13. come out 14. strike out WRITING EXERCISE 6 1.Persuade the street children to come back to school. 2.Try to understand the problem of these street children.
TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1i) poverty iv) ridicule
2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B C urged identify re-admit roamed ridicule poverty stand up to extort j. d. e. g. c. trying hard to persuade someone to do something to recognize something to allow somebody or something to re-enter to walk or travel without any definite aim or direction state of being poor
EXERCISE 2
h. unkind comments to make fun of a person or make them look silyl b. to deal with something difficult or unpleasant f. to make somebody give you something by threatening them
EXERCISE 3 1. ridicule 2. identify 3. roam 4. poverty 5. vicious 6. extorted LANGUAGE AWARENESS EXERCISE 4 1. away 2. down 3. out 4. up 5. out 6. down 7. up 8. back 9. over 10. off
EXERCISE 5 1. the house down. 2. your books away, switch off the lights.
3. off to the campsite at 6 a.m. 4. up in the meeting. 5. the game away. 6. out for Teachers Day WRITING EXERCISE 6 1. a) roaming the streets b) sleeping on cardboards c) eating restaurants leftovers, d) using the public toilets / braving older boys who extort money from them
2.
a) poor families b) broken homes/ ridiculed by friends and teachers
TEXT C EXERCISE 1 1. F 1. C 2. F 2. A 3. T 3. B 4. T 4. C 5. T EXERCISE 2
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 3 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
LANGUAGE AWARENESS EXERCISE 4 i. get down to
ii. feel up to iii. stand up for iv. put up with v. look out for vi. is in for
EXERCISE 5 QUESTION 1 The street children are mostly poor children who need attention. These children come out during school hours. The public and government must look into this issue carefully.
QUESTION 2 Teachers should encourage and motivate these dropouts to be in schools. They need to change their lifestyles for the better. Thus, teachers need to find out the students problems. QUESTION 3 Parents must encourage their children to continue their studies. Strict family rules will only drive away children from homes. So, parents should tackle this matter wisely.
WEEK 15 STORIES
WEEK THEME TIME
: : :
15 STORIES 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to: develop reading sub-skills and answer comprehension questions. use the dictionary and enrich your vocabulary. write grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs. identify, understand and use the Active and Passive Voice in sentences.
WARMER
State 3 important values in life. 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________
TEXT A Read the following passage.
PUT YOUR BEST FOOT FORWARD An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer, a contractor, of his plan to leave the house building business and live a more leisurely life with his wife enjoying his extended family. He would miss the pay cheque, but he needed to retire. They could get by. The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favour. The carpenter said yes, but it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end his career. When the carpenter finished his work and the builder came to inspect the house, the contractor handed the front-door key to the carpenter. This is your house, he said, My gift to you. What a shock! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently. Now he had to live in the home he had built none too well. So it is with us. We build our lives in a distracted way, reacting rather than acting, ready to put up less than the best. At important points we do not give the job our best effort. Then with a shock we look at the situation we have created and find that we are now living in the house we have built. If we had realized, we would have done it differently. Think of yourself as the carpenter. Think about your house. Each day you hammer a nail, place a board or erect a wall. Build wisely. It is the only life you will ever build. Even if you live it for only one day more, that day deserves to be lived graciously and with dignity. Your life today is the result of your attitudes and choices in the past. Your life tomorrow will be the result of your attitudes and the choices you make today.
( Improve Your English Through Comprehension Practice, System Publishing House. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 2000)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT. EXERCISE 1 Read the story and answer all the questions.
1. Why did the carpenter want to retire? ____________________________________________________. 2. Who was the carpenters employer? ____________________________________________________. 3. What did the employer ask from the carpenter before his retirement? ____________________________________________________. 4. Did the carpenter agree to carry out the employers request? _____________________________________________________. 5. Describe how the carpenter did his work. _____________________________________________________. 6. What do we learn from the story? _____________________________________________________.
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Refer to your dictionary to find the meanings of the words based on the text given. 1. leisurely 2. pay cheque 3. inspect 4. gift 5. inferior - ___________________________ - ___________________________ - ___________________________ - ___________________________ - ___________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE A sentence is in the Active Voice when the subject or the doer of the action is at the beginning of a sentence. Example : 1. Mechanics subject / doer 2. The dog subject / doer 3. She gave me some medicine. 4. Pak Ali told us an interesting story. 5. The students welcomed the Prime Minister. A sentence is in the Passive Voice when the object or the receiver of the action is at the beginning of a sentence . Note : Sometimes, the subject / doer may be left out if it is not important or not known. repair active verb bit active verb cars. object me. object
Example : 1. Cars object / receiver 2. I Object / receiver are repaired passive verb was bitten passive verb by the dog. by mechanics.
3. Some medicine was given to us. 4. An interesting story was told to us.
5. The Prime Minister was welcomed.
SUMMARY When changing an active sentence to a passive, (i) we must replace the active verb by the matching passive verb. (ii) the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence. (iii) the subject of the active form becomes the doer / object in the passive form.
FORMS
The passive voice is formed by using the suitable tense of the verb be, followed by the past participle of the active verb, as shown in the table below. Tense / Modal Simple Present give gives am giving Present Continuous is giving are giving has given have given gave was giving were giving had given will give shall give can give must give Active Passive am given is given are given am being given is being given are being given has been given have been given was given were given was being given were being given had been giving will be given shall be given can be given must be given
Present Perfect Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Future Can / may / must
EXERCISE 3 Write the correct form of the verbs given below. Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle
take bring buy eat plan
took brought bought
taken
eaten planned gave given
grow hit hurt leave
grew hit hurt left lost lost made found read saved sent spoken spent spent
make find read save send speak
take
took taught taught
go visit
went visited
wear wrote do kick chase meet play chased met did
worn written
kicked
played
EXERCISE 4 For each sentence in the Active Voice, circle the letter of the correct sentence in the Passive Voice. 1. The boy kicked the ball. A. The ball was kick by the boy. B. The ball is kicked by the boy. C. The ball was kicked by the boy. 2. My grandfather plants many vegetables in our garden. A. Many vegetables in our garden are planted by my grandfather. B. Many vegetables in our garden planted my grandfather. C. Many vegetables in our garden are plant by my grandfather.
3. The headmistress called Mr. Lim to her office. A. The headmistress was called by Mr. Lim to her office. B. Mr. Lim was called by the headmistress to her office. C. Mr. Lim was call by the headmistress to her office.
4. The tiger attacked the hunter. A. The hunter was attacked by the tiger. B. The hunter was by the tiger attacked. C. By the tiger, the hunter was attacked. 5. Fans cool these rooms. A. These fans are cooling rooms. B. The rooms are cool by fans. C. These rooms are cooled by fans.
6. Sheila invented the game. A. The game invented by Sheila. B. The game was invented by Sheila. C. The game is invented by Sheila. 7. Architects design buildings. A. Buildings are designed by architects. B. Buildings are by architects design. C. Buildings are design by architects. 8. A lifeguard saved him. A. He saved a lifeguard. B. A lifeguard was saved by him. C. He was saved by a lifeguard.
9. Wild animals fear fire. A. Fire is feared by wild animals. B. Fire feared by wild animals. C. Fire are feared by wild animals.
10. Her voice soothed me. A. I am soothed by her voice. B. I was soothed by her voice. C. I was soothe by her voice.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5 Answer the questions based on the stimulus. Your answers must be in complete sentences and written in a paragraph.
1. What has just happened? 2. Where do you think it happened? 3. Describe the condition of the car 4. In your opinion, how did the accident happen?
5. Give other causes of road accidents. 6. How can we prevent road accidents?
A young man approached the foreman of a logging crew and asked for a job. That depends, replied the foreman. Lets see you fell this tree. The young man stepped forward, and skillfully cut down tree. Impressed, the foreman exclaimed, You can start on Monday. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday rolled by, and on Thursday afternoon the foreman approached the young man and said, You can pick up your pay cheque on your way out today. Startled, the young man replied, I thought you pay on Friday. Normally we do, said the foreman. But we are letting you go today because youve fallen behind. Our daily felling charts show that youve dropped from first place on Monday to the last place today. But Im a hardworking man, the young man objected. I arrive first, leave last, and even worked through my coffee breaks! The foreman sensing the young mans integrity, thought for a minute and then asked, Have you been sharpening your axe? The young man replied, No sir, Ive been working too hard to take time for that! Our lives are like that. We sometimes get so busy and we dont take time to sharpen the axe. In todays world, it seems everyone is busier than ever, but less happy than ever. Why is that? Could it be that we have forgotten how to stay sharp? Activity and hard work are positive attributes. But in so doing, we often neglect TEXT B the truly important things in life, like taking time to be, to listen, to relax, to think, to Read the text below. learn and to grow. We do not even have the time to be kind anymore. Hour by hour, and day by day, our life slips away. If we dont take time to sharpen the axe, we will become dull and in sensitive and eventually lose our effectiveness as human beings.
Source : Improve Your English Through Comprehension, System Publishing Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2000.
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT. EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions below. 1. What did the young man ask from the foreman?
2. Did the young man get what he wanted?
3. Describe what happened on Thursday afternoon.
4. Why was the young man startled?
5. What reasons did the young man say to defend his integrity?
6. In your opinion, what does the phrase sharpen the axe mean?
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2
Using the dictionary, find the different meanings of the words below.
LOG
_____________________
____________________
_________________
NORMALLY
OBJECTED
INTEGRITY
IMPORTANT
___________________________
__________________________
STARTLED
___________________________ LANGUAGE AWARENESS EXERCISE 3 Refer to the grammar notes given in Text A. Name the type of sentences given by placing A for Active Voice and P for Passive Voice in the brackets. 1. Your computer keyboard should be changed regularly 2. My wife and I met while attending college together. 3. My mother spends her time outside with her plants. 4. The clothes are being washed by the maid. 5. My mother-in-law greeted us and hugged my daughter. 6. An accident took place near the Senawang toll yesterday. 7. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 8. Heavy schoolbags would give you lower back pain. 9. A boy was knocked down by a speeding car. 10. The Lims painted their house pink! ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
EXERCISE 4 Change the sentences from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice. 1. A bee stung me this morning. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Schoolchildren use the pedestrian crossing every day. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. The music centre holds three concerts every year. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. The players chose Adam to be their captain. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Many Europeans appreciate Asian art. ______________________________________________________________________
WRITING
EXERCISE 5 With the help of the notes below, write a recount of a family holiday to Taman Negara, Pahang. Use the Active Voice to describe the different stages. Use conjunctions appropriately do not use the same ones over and over. Use the past tense. 20 December left home at 8 a.m. five-hour journey checked into hotel 21 December hiked up Gunung Tahan enjoyed fresh mountain air lush green jungle flora and fauna beautiful scenery took photographs 22 December canopy walk 400 metres long exciting to walk 25 metres above the ground 23 December packed things got ready to go home exhausted but happy
TEXT C Read the text below.
What Goes Round Comes Round He almost didnt see the old lady, stranded on the side of the road. But even in the dim light of evening, he could see she needed help. So he pulled up in front of her Mercedes and got out. His old Pontiac was still sputtering as he approached her. Although he had a smile on his face, she was worried. No one had stopped to help for last hour or so. Out in the middle of nowhere, anything could happen. Who was he? Was he going to hurt her? He didnt look safe; he looked poor and hungry. But it would be worse to stand there on the road side, cold and frightened. He could see that she was frightened standing out there in the cold. He knew how she felt. It was that chill which only fear can put in you. He said, Im here to help you, maam. Dont worry. Why dont you wait in the car where its warm? By the way, my name is Bryan. Well, all she had was a flat tyre, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Bryan crawled under the car looking for a place to the jack, skinning his knuckles a time or two. Soon he was able to change the tyre. But he had to get dirty and his hands hurt. As he was tightening up the lug nuts, she rolled down the window and began to talk to him. She told him, Im from St. Louis. Ive never come this way before. Im only passing through. She couldnt thank him enough for coming to her aid. Bryan just smiled as he closed her boot. She asked him, How much do I owe you? Any amount would have been alright with her. She already imagined all the terrible things that could have happened had he not stopped. The next person who stopped may have taken advantage of her helplessness. Bryan never thought twice about the money. This was not a job to him. This was helping someone in it, and God knows there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to act any other way. He told her, If you really want to pay me back, the next time you see someone who needs help, you could give that person the assistance they need, and Bryan added, .. and think of me.
He waited until she started her car and drove off. It had been a cold and depressing day but he felt good as he headed for home, disappearing into the twilight. A few miles down the road the lady saw a small caf. She went in to grab a bite to eat, and take the chill off before she make the leg of her trip home. It was a dingy restaurant. Outside were two old petrol pumps. The whole scene was unfamiliar to her. The cash register was like the telephone of an out of work actor it didnt ring much. Her waitress came over and bought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair. She had a sweet smile, one that even being on her feet for the whole day had not erased. The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant, but she never let the strain and aches change her attitude. The old lady wondered how someone who had so little could be so giving to a stranger. Then she remembered Bryan. After the lady finished her meal, and the waitress went to get change for her $ 100 note, the lady slipped right out the door. She was gone by the time the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be, and then she noticed something written on the napkin. And underneath were four $ 100 notes. There were tears in her eyes when she read what the lady had written: You dont owe me anything, I have been there too. Somebody once helped me out, the way Im helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do: Do not let this chain of love end with you. Well there were tables to clear, sugar bowls to fill and people to serve, but the waitress made it through another day. That night when she got home from work and climbed into bed, she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written. How could the lady have known how much she and her husband needed it? With the baby due next month it was going to be hard. She knew worried her husband was, and as he lay sleeping next to her, she gave him a soft kiss and whispered soft and low, Everythings going to be alright ; I love you , Bryan.
Source : Junior Statesman, VOL 9, 2006. p.p 38 & 39.
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the questions below. 1. Why was it difficult to see the old lady on the side of the road?
2. What cars were they driving? i) The man - ____________________________ ii)The old lady - ___________________________ 3. Why do you think the old lady was worried" when she saw the man stop his car?
4. How did the man help her?
5. a) How did the old lady want to repay the man for his kindness?
b) What did the man say to this?
6. After the old lady had finished her meal at the caf, what did she do?
WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Fill in the web with 8 values you noticed in Bryan and his wife.
Bryan & Wife
LANGUAGE AWARENESS EXERCISE 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1.
Active Voice Passive Voice
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Six monkeys rode two horses in the circus act. Two horses were ______________ by six monkeys in the circus acts. Many teenagers wear jeans and t-shirts. Jeans and t-shirts are ____________ by many teenagers. The explosion rocked the building. The building was ____________ by the explosion. Today, children in many countries read her books. Today, her books are ____________ by children in many countries. All of us miss him. He is ____________ by all of us. A group of mountain climbers saw a strange animal. A strange animal was ___________ by a group of mountain climbers. The nervous examination candidates forgot a lot of points. A lot of points were ___________ by the nervous examination candidates. Nowadays, girls as well as boys attend universities. Nowadays, universities are ___________ by girls as well as boys. Most of the animals in the jungle fear the tiger. The tiger is ___________ by most of the animals in the jungle.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Active Voice Passive Voice EXERCISE 4
: :
The little girl sells pretty baskets. Pretty baskets are ___________ by the little girl.
Correct the errors in the sentences below. 1. The train was delaying by two hours.
2. Her cell phone was take away by the principal.
3. The book was wrote by a well-known author.
4. Daniel was been adopted by the Tans.
5. The light was been put out by the guard last night.
6. The cat was biting by the dog.
7. We are been teach Science by Encik Rahman.
8. The plate was broke by my aunt.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5 With the help of the notes below, write a story. Make your story as interesting as possible. Ali and friends catching butterflies heard voices of two students realized that boys were punished by discipline teacher boys planned to burn down the discipline teachers room Ali and friends notified the guard on duty telephoned the police that night Ali and friends saw boys carried cans of petrol police arrived arrested the boys
ANSWER KEY WARMER
1. honesty 2. hardworking 3. cooperation TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1. He wanted to enjoy a more leisurely life with his wife. 2. A contractor. 3. To build a house. 4. Yes. 5. He did a shoddy job. 6. Our life is the result of our attitudes and choices. EXERCISE 2 1. relaxed 2. salary 3. check 4. present 5. cheap EXERCISE 3 1. brought 2. bought 3. ate 4. planned 5. give 6. grown 7. hit 8. hurt 9. left 10. lose 11. made
12. found 13. read 14. saved 15. sent 16. spoke 17. spend 18. taken 19. teach 20. gone 21. visited 22. wore 23. write 24. done 25. kicked 26. chased 27. met 28. played EXERCISE 4 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B
EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer)
A car accident has just happened in front of the school. The car is badly damaged. I think the driver lost control of the car due to a punctured tyre or maybe he was trying to overtake another car at the sharp bend. Road accidents can be prevented if drivers follow traffic rules and drive carefully. Besides that, drivers have to make sure that their cars are in good condition. TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. He asked for a job. 2. Yes, he did. 3. The foreman told the young man that he can take his pay cheque on that day. 4. The young man thought that payday was Friday. He was wondering as to why the foreman asked him to collect the pay cheque on Thursday. 5. He said that he arrived first at work, left the last and worked through coffee breaks. 6. We must maintain an active mind and have time for ourselves.
EXERCISE 2
log
To keep a record
Thick piece of wood
To travel a particular distance
Normally
usually Often
Objected Integrity Important
disagreed high principles Vital
Startled
shocked
EXERCISE 3 1. P 2. A 3. A 4. P 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. P 10. A EXERCISE 4 1. I was stung by a bee this morning
2. The pedestrian crossing is used by school children everyday 3. Every year, three concerts are held at the music centre 4. Adam was chosen to be the captain 5. Asian art is appreciated by many Europeans
EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer) During December holiday, my family and I went to Taman Negara, Pahang. We left on 20 December at 8 oclock. It was a five-hour journey. When we reached there, we checked into a hotel that we have booked earlier. On 21 December, we hiked up Gunung Tahan. We were accompanied by a tourist guide. We enjoyed the fresh mountain air, lush green jungle, and the flora and fauna. The scenery was very beautiful and we took many photographs. On the next day, we went on the canopy walk. It was a very challenging activity. The walk was 400 metres long and it was 20 metres above the ground. On the last day, we packed our things and got ready to go home. It was an exhausted holiday but we were very happy.
TEXT C EXERCISE 1 1. The evening light was dim. 2. a.Pontiac b.Mercedes 3. 4 5 She was frightened and was suspicious of the stranger who has stopped by the side of the road. He had replaced her flat tyre. a. She wanted to pay him. b. if you really want to pay me back ,the next time you see someone who needs help,you could give that person the assistance they need and think of me. 6 The old lady had left four $100 notes underneath the napkin for the waitress. Kind EXERCISE 2
Honest Friendly Caring Happy Smiling Diligent Helpful Giving Sincere
EXERCISE 3 1. ridden 2. worn 3. rocked 4. read 5. missed 6. seen 7. forgotten 8. attended 9. feared 10. sold
EXERCISE 4
1. The train was delayed by two hours 2. Her cellphone was taken away by the principal 3. The book was written by a well-known writer 4. Danial was adopted by Mr. Tan. 5. The light was put out by the guard last night 6. The cat was bitten by the dog 7. we are taught science by Encik Rahman 8. The plate was broken by my aunt.
EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer) It was a fine day. Ali and his friends, Raju and Ah Meng, decided to catch butterflies in the jungle behind their house. Ali parted from his two friends as he followed a large colourful butterfly flying from one flower to the other. Suddenly he stopped in his track when he saw two boys talking behind a big tree. He recognised them as the boys who were punished by the discipline teacher for playing truant. He suspected the boys were planning a bad action as they were murmuring secretively. He heard one of the boy said, lets burn his room. That will teach him a lesson. Immediately Ali informed his friends about what he had heard. They realized that the boys were planning down their discipline teachers room. So they ran as fast as they could and informed the guard on duty. The guard quickly telephoned the police. The police laid an ambush for the two boys. The boys turned up at the school just as night fell. They carried with them two large cans of petrol. Just as they started splashing the discipline teachers room with petrol, the police appeared and arrested them.
WEEK 16 CULTURE & LANGUAGE
WEEK
16
THEME TIME
: :
CULTURE AND LANGUAGE 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to: read and understand the text by answering comprehension questions related to the text. skim and scan the text to identify synonyms based on the words and phrases in the text. understand the grammar item: present participle and past participle and their usage. write a short paragraph incorporating the grammar item learned in the unit.
WARMER
A. Name two of your favourite Malaysian food 1._________________________________ 2._________________________________ B. Name two types of fast food that you know. 1. 2. _____________________________ _____________________________
TEXT A
Read the text below MALAYSIAN EATING HABITS In recent years, many changes have taken place in the Malaysian diet. Traditional meals have become less common. Today, Malaysians do not make meals from scratch as often as they do in the past. More and more Malaysians buy microwavable and other fast foods to heat at home. Eating at home has also become less common and restaurants have become a major part of the Malaysian lives. Today, Malaysians spend most of their money on meals that they eat away from home. Over the years these changes in eating habits have affected jobs nationwide. Since the 1980s, the restaurant industry has grown tremendously in Malaysia. Today more people are involved in the food industries. (Adapted from: Werner, Patricia. (1996) Content-Based Grammar. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Editions.) MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT EXERCISE 1 Answer the questions based on the text above. 1. What has happened to traditional meals? (paragraph 1) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. How do Malaysians spend most of their money? (paragraph 2) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Since 1980s what has grown tremendously in Malaysia? (paragraph 3) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2 Find the words with the opposite meaning of the words given below. You may refer to a dictionary.
Words / phrases of the opposite meaning 1. slow 2. minor 3. unusual 4. cool 5. slightly
Words / phrases from the text
LANGUAGE AWARENESS Participles are verb forms with two different jobs.
1.
as an adjective: When participles act as adjective they end in -ing, -d, -ed, -en, or t. e.g. broken kite dancing shoes burning question burnt toes whipped cream breaking news
2.
as a way to show tense: In this job, participles combine with auxiliary or helping verbs.
See Unit 3 to revise on verbs.
e.g.
I might have flown my kite.
I am flying my kite.
helping verb
participle
helping participle verb
I had flown my kite.
I will be flying my kite.
Present participles state the continuous nature of the action and usually ends in -ing. e.g. He reads. I participate. participating He is reading I am participating He was reading I was participating He will be reading I shall be
The participles cannot stand alone: e.g. The tap leaking. ( ) The tap is leaking. ( )
EXERCISE 3 Fill in the box with the correct participles. Root verb e.g I play. 1. He eats. 2. You swim. Present participles I have been playing. Past participles I had played.
3. They draw. 4. She cooks. 5. Larry writes.
EXERCISE 4 Underline the past participle in the following sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. In recent years, many changes have taken place in the Malaysian diet. Traditional meals have become less common. Over the years these changes in eating habits have affected jobs nationwide. Since the 1980s, the restaurant industry has grown tremendously in Malaysia.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5 What is your favourite food? List down two reasons why you like it in the boxes provided.
Favourite Food
1.__________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________
Now, write a short paragraph of 50 words on reasons why you like your favourite food. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ TEXT B Read the passage below RAMADAN AND HARI RAYA In multi-racial Malaysia, what is all right for one might not be all right for others due to differences in cultural backgrounds. This means that what is all right for foreigners might not be all right for Malaysians. For example, when entering a Malaysians home, shoes should be removed because they do not want to dirty their homes. Hari Raya is the most significant celebration for Muslims which signifies the end of the fasting month of Ramadhan. The celebration is determined by sighting of the new moon on the day, before the next month on the Muslim calendar, Syawal. The words Hari Raya means 'day of celebration.' Ramadhan is the name of the one-month fasting period when Muslims fast from dawn till sunset. During the period of fasting, apart from eating and drinking, Muslims are also forbidden from smoking and having sexual relations. Only the sick are excused from fasting during this month. Muslims are expected to avoid lying, breaking promise or cheating during the month of Ramadhan. It is to remind them of the plight of the poor and hungry people. Muslims start the day by wearing new clothes and gathering in the mosques early in the morning to perform the Hari Raya Puasa prayers followed by visiting the graves. The youngs will ask for forgiveness from their elders. The Muslims also have open house for relatives and friends to come to their house. Plenty of traditional Malay delicacies are served during this festive season. Houses are cleaned and decorated.
Some of the favourite dishes prepared are ketupat, lontong, nasi padang and beef rendang. Overall, Hari Raya Puasa is a joyous occasion for Muslims.
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT Exercise 1: Answer the questions below. 1. What does the word Hari Raya means? ________________________________________________________________ 2. Who are excused from fasting during Ramadhan? ________________________________________________________________ 3. What are some of the favourite dishes served on Hari Raya?
________________________________________________________________ WORD ATTACK EXERCISE 2 Find the meanings of the words below. You may refer to a dictionary. Words / phrases from the text 1. right 2. 3. 4. 5. favourite forbidden delicacies occasion Meaning
LANGUAGE AWARENESS GRAMMAR NOTES Past participle They help to make the past tense of a verb and usually end in ed,-d,-en, or -n. They follow verbs such as, had, have, was, and were to form new tenses.
e.g. The present was given to the child. The fingerprints were matched to the suspect. He had received a warning but ignored it. There are exceptions e.g. I buy I have bought
EXERCISE 3 Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the past participle form of the verbs in the bracket. Clocks and watches have [1]___________( go ) through a lot of changes since man first told time by looking at the sun. Of course, looking at the sun was not a very good way of telling the time. The sun changes its position the whole year round. So, it is not always overhead at noon. Man has [2] ____________ ( use ) various other methods of telling the time. He has [3]__________ (pour ) water into a container with the hours of the day marked on it. He has [ 4 ]______________( lit )candles marked with the hours of the day. He has also [5]_____________( apply ) the shadow cast a stick left standing in the sun. He has [6] _____________ ( allow ) the fine sand to flow from one part of a glass container into a lower part. EXERCISE 4 Fill in the blanks with the past participle form of the verb in the brackets. 1. She had ______________ ( disappear ) before I could see her face clearly. 2. After I ___________ ( clear ) the mess, I went home.
3. They had _____________ ( go ) to school when I reached their house. 4. The fire had ______________ ( stop ) when the firemen arrived. 5. The plane had ____________ ( arrive ) when we reached the airport. 6. The sun had ______________ ( rise ) when I woke up. 7. After she had ____________ ( do ) her homework, she went out. 8. As I had ______________ ( have ) my breakfast, I was not hungry. 9. We had _______________ ( finish ) painting the house when he returned. 10. After I had _____________ ( cook ) the rice, I fried the fish.
WRITING Fill in the blanks with suitable words. ORANG ASLI The Jahai are Orang Asli who live in the jungles of Perak and Kelantan. The Jahai are small tribe (1) ______ about 1000 members. They live deep (2)_________ the jungle. The Jahai do not ( 3 ) ____________ live close together. Sometimes only (4)________ family may be found living in (5)_____ valley or on the hill. They (6)________ that diseases will attack them if (7)_______ live close together. It will also (8)_____ difficult for them to find food.
ANSWER KEY WARMER A 1. Rojak 2. Fried Mee B 1. Pizza 2. Burger TEXT A EXERCISE 1 1. 2. 3. It has become less common. On food. Restaurant industry.
EXERCISE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. fast major common heat tremendously
EXERCISE 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. He has been eating. He had eaten. You have been swimming. You had swam. They have been drawing. They had drawn. She has been cooking. She had cooked. Larry has been writing. Larry had written.
EXERCISE 4 1. 2. 3. 4. have taken place have became have affected has grown
EXERCISE 5 1. 2. tasty spicy
My favourite food is nasi lemak. It is cheap and can be easily bought. It is made from rice cooked in coconut milk. It is delicious to be eaten with sambal, hard-boiled egg and slices of fresh cucumber. It is usually eaten for breakfast. It is often wrapped with banana leaf. TEXT B EXERCISE 1 1. Day of celebration. 2. Only the sick are excused from fasting. 3. Ketupat , lontong , nasi padang and beef rendang.
EXERCISE 2 WORDS Right Favourite Forbidden Delicacies occassion MEANING Correct Liked or most enjoyed To refuse to allow something Something especially rare A particular time especially when something happens
EXERCISE 3 1. gone 2. used 3. poured 4. lit 5. applied 6. allowed
EXERCISE 4 1. disappeared 2. cleared 3. gone 4. stopped 5. arrived 6. risen 7. done 8. had 9. finished 10. cooked
EXERCISE 5 The Jahai are Orang Asli who live in the jungles of Perak and Kelantan. The Jahai are small tribe with about 1000 members. They live deep in the jungle. The Jahai do not like to live close together. Sometimes only one family may be found living in the valley or on the hill. They believe that diseases will attack them if they live close together. It will also be difficult for them to find food.
MODEL TEST
PAPER 1 SECTION A (10 MARKS) Choose the best answer. 1. We had to stop the match because it ________ heavily. A rain B rains C rained D raining 2. Last week, I ______ a letter of complaint to the management. A write B wrote C have written D was writing 3. Everyone of them __________ not satisfied with her present performance in the class. A is
B are C has D have 4. The prices of the things he bought ________ very high. A is B are C was D were
5. We _______ tea this morning when my uncle called me. A drink B were drinking C are drinking D drank 6. The chef is famous for __________ spaghetti. A baking B steaming C frying D poaching 7. You should not ________ easily. Keep trying and you will be successful, Mrs Lim told her students. A keep up B give up C give out D keep out 8. We had _______ painting when he returned. A complete
B completes C completed D completing 9. Clocks and watches have _________ through a lot of changes. A gone B go C went D going
10 My grandfather plants many vegetables in our garden. (Change this sentence to the passive voice). A Many vegetables in our garden planted my grandfather. B Many vegetables in our garden is planting my grandfather. C Many vegetables in our garden are plant by my grandfather. D Many vegetables in our garden are planted by my grandfather. SECTION B (10 MARKS) Each of the following sentences contain an error. Identify the error. 11. The butcher had finish selling almost all the meat by afternoon. A B C D 12. Omar usually play badminton with his friends during the weekends. A B C D 13. Yesterday, Siti buys some mangoes as they were cheap. A B C D 14 That kind lady never stops help her neighbours. A B C D 15 I am happy to knew that I have passed my test. A B C D
16. Neither Shahid nor Rahim have the courage to ask questions to the speaker. A B C D 17. I dont think I can made any changes because the date of the competition is fixed. A B C D 18. The teachers were in to a big surprise on teachers day. A B C D 19. Aini was washing the car while her husband were cutting the hedges in the garden. A B C D 20. The chocolate cake was eating by the children at the party. A B C D SECTION C (5 MARKS) Read the text below carefully . Choose the best answer from the given options to complete the text. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, we (21)________be careful of what we eat. By (22) _____________the food pyramid, people become aware of the basic serving sizes of the food group that they (23) ____________ every day. Our diet must contain all essential food groups that include carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals and fibre. Besides eating a variety of foods, we must (24) ____________ a diet low in salt, sugar , saturated fat and cholesterol and increase our intake of fruits, vegetables and grains. We should also cut (25) ___________ on oily food. 21. A must B might C may D could
22. A follow B following
C D
followed follows
23. A needs B is needing
C D
needed need
24. A choose B chose
C. choosing D. chooses
25. A. up B in
C. down D. away
SECTION D ( 5 MARKS ) Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow. Traditional meals have become less common. Today, Malaysians do not make meals from scratch as often as they do in the past. More and more Malaysians buy microwavable and other fast food to heat at home. 26. What has substituted traditional meals? A. microwavable and fast food. B. junk food. C. western food. D. home-cooked food. Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow. Many types of food are also dehydrated to preserve them. These include for example, powdered milk, dried fruits and vegetable, powdered soup, pastas and instant noodles. Most bacteria die or become completely inactive when dried. Therefore, dried food stored in airtight containers can last for quite a long time. Drying sometimes completely alters the taste of the food but in many cases, a completely new food is created that way like as much as the original.
27. Why is food dehydrated? A. to make it taste better. B. to make it last longer. C. to make it look attractive. D. to make it sold easily.
28. What happens when food is dehydrated? A. the bacteria becomes active. B. the food loses its colour. C. the bacteria becomes inactive. D. the food is more expensive. Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow. Deforestation has led to the loss of natural habitat for the animals in the forests. They eventually die because they lose their source of food and shelter. Some even migrate to the towns and killed because they threaten men. 29. What has led to the lost of natural habitat for animals in the forests? A. the hunting of animals. B. the shortage of water. C. the planting of trees. D. the cutting down of trees.
30. Why do these animals migrate to the town? A. to look for food and shelter. B. to look for companion. C. to threaten men. D. to find better environment.
SECTION E (5 MARKS) Read the text below carefully. Choose the best answer from the given options to complete the text.
There are some drawbacks of using the mobile phones. Most of them are ____________( 31 ) to its misuse. Firstly, the _________( 32 ) of mobile phones during driving can cause accidents. Furthermore, _________ ( 33 ) use of mobile phone causes genetic diseases and even sometimes cancer to users. Besides due to over use mobile phones creates ( 34 ) __________ during work so it is (35 ) ____________ in libraries, schools , banks , hospitals and even sometimes in colleges during class. 31. A related B 32. wanted C based D directed C function D purchase C large D unlimited
A mass B usage
33.
A huge B limited
34.
A peace B harmony
C mistakes D disturbances C prohibited D encouraged
35.
A given B allowed
KERTAS UJIAN TAMAT
ANSWER KEY Paper 1 Section A 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D Section B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C ( finished) ( plays) ( bought) ( helping)
15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B
( know) ( has) ( make0 ( for) ( was) ( eaten)
Section C 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C Section D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C Section E 31. A 32. B 33. D
34. D 35. C
SECTION A ( 10 marks) Answer all questions. 1. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. My sense of direction is not very good and I easily get lost. One day, about ten years ago, I was (1)__________ in the mountains between Pahang and Perak when (2) _________ weather began to turn bad. I started to find my way back downhill because I did not want to be (3) ____________ in a storm but after a few hundred metres I realised that I (4) ___________ not sure of the way. The clouds turned dark and (5) __________ started to rain. I (6) _______________ as loud as I (7) ___________ but of course there was nobody close enough to hear me. After two hours the rain stopped and I was able to start walking again. I was very cold and hungry and I had nothing to eat except a few sweets. About half an hour later I suddenly recognised my surroundings and I realised that I was only two or three hundred metres from the campsite. (8) _______________ , my troubles were not over. On my way down, I slipped and hit my knee (9) ____________ a rock. There was a deep cut and it hurt very (10) __________ and as soon as I got back to the camp, I went to see a doctor. Fortunately, nothing was broken.
(Adapted from The Cambridge English Course M. Swan & C. Walter, 1999, Cambridge University Press.)
Section B ( 10 marks) Read the following text and transfer the information into the diagram below. FORESTS In spite of all the warnings, we are still not looking after our planet. Look at what is happening to our forests. We are cutting them down at an alarming rate. If we keep on doing this, many animals and plants will become extinct. Rare species, such as the mountain gorillas, are already in danger. More will follow. Forests are important for another reason, too. They help to slow the rate of global warming. Trees soak up gases like carbon dioxide, which are given out by power stations and factories. They also produce oxygen, and act as the lungs of the world. It is clear that forests make a major contribution to the health of our planet. So it is a sad fact that very few governments have passed laws to protect them. Now, United Nations chiefs are studying the problem. They say that the best way to save forests is by educating the local people. These people often cut down forests because it is the only way they can earn a living. But they do not wish to destroy their forest unnecessarily. If they are offered a different way to make money, hopefully they will leave the forests alone. (Source: Get On Track to FCE , M. Stephens Longman 2002)
FORESTS Effects of cutting down forests 11. _____________________ _____________________ 12 ____________________ _____________________ Ways to save the forests Importance of forests
-e.g. Slow the rate of global warming 13. ______________________ ______________________
14. ___________________ 15. ___________________
SECTION C ( 5 marks) Read the text and match the meanings of the words in Box A to Box B. Physical activity is another component of maintaining good health. Physical activity is any aerobic activity done three or four time a week. Exercise can be walking, jogging, swimming, cycling or playing games and sports. Exercising can increase metabolism and stamina and help develop strong bones and muscles. Exercising has physical advantages as well as psychological benefits. Physically, exercising increases lean muscle mass and decreases fatty tissue. Psychologically, it gives people more confidence and a positive body image. BOX A maintaining increase stamina lean confidence BOX B strength slim keeping up self-assurance raise
SECTION D (5 marks) Read and answer the following questions. The World Wide Fund (WWF ) for Nature is the worlds largest independent conservation organization having more than five million supporters. In every country where the WWF is represented, its missions are to: preserve the variety of plants and animals. ensure that we use our natural resources carefully with an eye to the future. show communities how to reduce pollution and avoid wasteful consumption.
To achieve the missions above, the WWF lobbies governments, carries out public awareness campaigns and conducts research in the field. The global challenge for groups like WWF is to bring about the change in the way our society views concepts such as economic growth and the need to include conservation in planning. We need to start with our kids; a creative approach to environment education is needed now more than ever. 21. What does WWF stand for? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 22. State 2 objectives of WWF. 1._____________________________________________________________________ 2._____________________________________________________________________ 23. What are the efforts taken by WWF to achieve its objectives? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 24. What are the global challenges for WWF? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
SECTION E (10 MARKS) You want to have an aquarium in your class. Write the help of the notes below, write down your instructions. The first one has been done for you. Example: (collect-buy-aquarium) Class, please collect RM2 each to buy an aquarium. 26. buy- fish- decorations- aquarium ___________________________________________________________________ 27. identify- groups- clean- feed- fish ___________________________________________________________________ 28. meeting- discuss- arrange- classroom ____________________________________________________________________ 29. place- aquarium- back- corner ____________________________________________________________________ 30. responsible- take care- cleanliness- safety ____________________________________________________________________
Intermediate Module
SECTION F (15 MARKS) Make five sentences based on the topics and illustrations given below. 31. Topic : How to save the environment?
i.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
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v.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
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32. Topic : The Advantages of Using the Internet.
i.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
v.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
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Intermediate Module
33. Overall PMR Passess Between 2003 - 2006

80 70 60 % of Passes 50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006
i.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
v.
____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
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Intermediate Module
SECTION G (10 MARKS) Based on the chart below, describe the advantages of recycling. Use the notes in the boxes to help you. 34.
RECYCLING
What to recycle? newspapers books plastic bags cans bottles
How to recycle? Reuse the plastic bags Sell the cans to shops Reuse the newspapers for other purposes
Advantages of recycling? Save cost Less chemicals release to air Reduce pollution Save the environment
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEYS
SECTION A ( 10 marks) 1 walking / camping 2 the 3 because 4 that 5 it 6 called / screamed / shouted 7 except 8 However 9 against 10 badly SECTION B 11 12 13 14 15 animals and plants will become extinct global warming slow down the rate of global warming soak up the gases educate the people / different ways of earning an income or a living
SECTION C BOX A maintaining increase stamina lean confidence BOX B strength slim keeping up self-assurance raise
SECTION D 1 . worldwide fund 2. a. preserve the variety of plants and animals b. ensure that we use our natural resources carefully 3. public awareness campaign and research 4 to bring about a change in the way our society views concepts such as economic growth and the need to include conservation in planning SECTION E 26. Then, please buy some goldfish and beautiful decorations for the aquarium. 27. Next, identify different groups to clean and feed the fish. 28. After that, have meeting to discuss on the classroom arrangement. 29. Finally, place the aquarium at the back of the classroom corner. 30. Remember, that its your responsiblity to take care of its cleanliness and safety.
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Intermediate Module
SECTION F 31. i. Do not burn rubbish in the open. ii. Factories should not emit smoke and toxic waste. iii. We should practice recycling. iv. Rivers should be kept clean. v. Do not litter. 32. i. Obtain information for projects ii. Communicate with others instantly. iii. Improve our language. iv. Update self with current information v. For continuous professional development 33. i. In 2003 ,40 % of the students passed the PMR exam. ii. In 2004 , the result increase to 46 %. iii. The best result is evident in 2006. iv. Overall there is an increase in the percentage of PMR passes between 2003 and 2006 v. In 2006 75% of the students passed their PMR. SECTION G 34. There are many advantages of recycling . Firstly, it will help us to save cost . For example when we reuse the plastic bag, we will save our money. Secondly, recycling will cause less chemical being release into the air. Some materials when burned or disposed , it is dangerous. This will also reduce pollution. Recycling newspapers , cans and plastics will reduce wastes. Finally by recycling we will save our environment.
REFERENCES
233
Intermediate Module
1. Content Based Grammar, Singapore Mc Graw Hill International Edition 2. Explorasi English Form 2, Fajar Bakti, 2004 3. Focus Mastery For in English in Oxford Fajar, KBSM English 2005 4. Future English SPM Form 5, English For Science and Technology, Pearson Longman 5. Gusto! Grammar Workout KBSM Form 2, Kok Ming Wai 2006 6. Improve Your English Through Comprehension Practice, Sistem Publishing 2000 7. Model Essay, Summaries and Literature for PMR, Maryann Sebastian 8. The Star, 2 May 2007 9. The New Straits Times, 17 April 2007 10. The New Straits Times, 27 April 2007 11. The New Sunday Times, 15 April 2007
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Intermediate Module - 3rd

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ENGLISH FOR MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE _____________________________________

SELF ACCESS LEARNING INTERMEDIATE MODULE

BAHAGIAN PENDIDIKAN GURU KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

5. Theme 5: Science And Technology = 5 Hours

identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Reading: Aim To be able to read and understand different text types.

Self Access Learning

SELF ACCESS LEARNING

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

WEEK THEME TIME

Self Access Learning

Read and understand the diary entry below.

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

I look through the window. I looked through the window.

Self Access Learning

6. My mother ironed her clothes while watching television.

Self Access Learning

worked rushed walked

asked discovered followed

complained blamed looked

pulled tried noticed

Self Access Learning

Family Background big/small family parents occupation early education

FAVOURITES food drinks colour subject

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Present Tense bite write 2.ride drive 3.get speak choose

Past Tense 1.bit wrote rode drove got 4.spoke Chose

7. I find this job hard to complete. 8. I drink milk every day.

I found the previous job easier. Yesterday I drank one glass.

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

TEXT C Read and understand the diary entry below.

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Self Access Learning

Down: 1. hurt 5. understand 11. hear 13. write 20. pay

2. choose 6. sit 12. swim 17. go 21. win

Self Access Learning

Place of birth : Pulau Pinang

ANSWER KEY WARMER

Self Access Learning

EXERCISE 3 1. not guilty

Self Access Learning

EXERCISE 6 (Sample answer)