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Monthly Energy Review

The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administrations (EIA) primary
report of recent and historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production,
consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity,
nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data
unit conversions.
Release of the MER is in keeping with responsibilities given to EIA in Public Law 9591 (Department of Energy Organization Act), which states, in part, in Section 205(a)(2):
The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information....
The MER is intended for use by Members of Congress, Federal and State agencies, energy analysts,
and the general public. EIA welcomes suggestions from readers regarding the content of the MER
and other EIA publications.
Related Monthly Publications: Other monthly EIA reports are Petroleum Supply
Monthly, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Natural Gas Monthly, Electric Power Monthly, and International Petroleum Monthly. For more information, contact EIAs Office of Communications via email
at infoctr@eia.gov.
Important Notes About the Data

Data Displayed: For tables beginning in 1973, some annual data (usually 1974, 1976-1979,
1981-1984, 1986-1989, and 1991-1994) are not shown in the tables in Portable Document Format
(PDF) files; however, all annual data are shown in the Excel and comma-separated values (CSV)
files. Also, only two to three years of monthly data are displayed in the PDF files; however, for
many series, monthly data beginning with January 1973 are available in the Excel and CSV files.
Comprehensive Changes: Each month, most MER tables and figures carry a new month
of data, which is usually preliminary (and sometimes estimated or even forecast) and likely to be
revised in the succeeding month.
Annual Data From 1949: The emphasis of the MER is on recent monthly and annual data
trends. Analysts may wish to use the data in this report in conjunction with EIAs Annual Energy
Review (AER) that offers annual data beginning in 1949 for many of the data series found in the
MER. The AER is available at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual.
Electronic Access
The MER is available on
EIAs website in a variety of formats at
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Full report and sections: PDF files
Report tables: PDF files
Table data (unrounded): Excel and CSV files
Graphs: PDF files
Note: PDF files display selected annual and monthly data; Excel and CSV files display all available
annual and monthly data, often at a greater level of precision than the PDF files.
Timing of Release: The MER is posted on the EIA website by the last work day of the
month at http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly.
Released: April 27, 2012
DOE/EIA-0035(2012/04)
Monthly Energy Review

April 2012
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Statistics
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the
U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIAs data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or
employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of
the Department of Energy or other Federal agencies.
Contacts
The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Statistics, Office
of Survey Development and Statistical Integration, Integrated Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T.
Fichman, 202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy
Review may be addressed to Alexander Sun, 202-287-5948 (alexander.sun@eia.gov).
For assistance in acquiring data, please contact EIAs Office of Communications at 202-586-8800 (infoctr@eia.gov).
Questions about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the following subject
specialists:
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn
202-586-2792
dianne.dunn@eia.gov
Section
3.
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick
202-586-6254
jennifer.barrick@eia.gov
Section
4.
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Robert F. King
202-586-4787
robert.king@eia.gov
Section
6.
Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Paduano
202-287-6326
nicholas.paduano@eia.gov
Section
7.
Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey
202-586-2630
ronald.hankey@eia.gov
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael P. Mobilia
Section
9.
Energy Prices
202-287-6318
michael.mobilia@eia.gov
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein
202-586-8013
maureen.klein@eia.gov
Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney
202-586-2627
amy.sweeney@eia.gov
Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charlene Harris-Russell

202-586-2661
charlene.harris-russell@eia.gov
Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca Peterson
202-586-4509
rebecca.peterson@eia.gov
Section
10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gwendolyn Bredehoeft

202-586-5847
gwendolyn.bredehoeft@eia.gov
Section
11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith
Section
12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom
ii
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012
202-586-6925
patricia.smith@eia.gov
202-586-0934
perry.lindstrom@eia.gov
Contents
Page
Section
1.
Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section
2.
Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section
3.
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section
4.
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section
5.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Section
6.
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Section
7.
Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Section
8.
Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Section
9.
Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Section
10.
Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Section
11.
International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Section
12.
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Appendix
A.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Appendix
B.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
iii
Tables
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Primary Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Primary Energy Imports by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Energy Consumption by Sector

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.3b Imports and Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Petroleum Consumption
3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.7b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption
3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.8b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
iv
23
25
27
29
31
33
Section 4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Natural Gas
Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Trade by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas in Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5.
5.1
5.2
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
69
70
71
72
Tables
Page
Section 6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
Coal
Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Coal Stocks by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Electricity Net Generation
7.2a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.2b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
7.3a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.3b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
7.4a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.4b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.4c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
Energy Prices
Crude Oil Price Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences
9.8a Northeastern States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8b Selected South Atlantic and Midwestern States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8c Selected Western States and U.S. Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3
7.4
9.9
9.10
9.11
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
130
131
133
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10.2
Renewable Energy Consumption
10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.2c Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
10.3
Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.4
Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Tables
Page
vi
Section 11. International Petroleum

11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a OPEC Members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
152
153
155
157
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
161
163
164
165
166
167
168
Appendix A.
A1.
A2.
A3.
A4.
A5.
A6.
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
174
175
176
177
178
Appendix B.
B1.
B2.
B3.
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors
Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Figures
Section 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4a
1.4b
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Page
Energy Overview
Primary Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Primary Energy Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Primary Energy Imports and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Primary Energy Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
Petroleum
Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Trade
3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3b Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Sector, Selected Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
22
24
26
28
30
32
36
38
40
42
46
48
50
52
56
Section 4.
4.1
Natural Gas
Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Section 5.
5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Section 6.
6.1
Coal
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Section 7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Electricity
Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and
Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Section 8.
8.1
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
vii
Figures
Page
Section 9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Energy Prices
Petroleum Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
129
129
132
Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1
Renewable Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Sectionr 11. International Petroleum
11.1
World Crude Oil Production
11.1a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1b By Selected Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2
Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3
Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150
151
154
156
Section 12. Environment

12.1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
12.2
Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
viii
Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Energy
Overview
Figure 1.1
Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Consumption, Production, and Imports, 1973-2011

120
100
Consumption
80
Production
60
40
Imports
20
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Consumption, Production, and Imports, Monthly

10
Consumption
8
Production
6
4
Imports
2
0
J
F M A M J J A
2010
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2011
Overview, January 2012
S O N D
F M A M J J A
2012
S O N D
Net Imports, January
10
2.5
8.728
2.0
1.926
1.775
6.866
1.5
1.0
1.459
2.328
0.5
0.869
0
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
0.0
2010
2011
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

Source: Table 1.1.
2012
Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)
Production
Trade
Net
Importsc
2.033
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.872
5.482
7.060
6.965
12.580
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.221
25.932
22.741
2.516
2.237
2.519
2.580
2.578
2.556
2.705
2.627
2.431
2.390
2.289
2.447
29.877
.590
.556
.654
.686
.704
.684
.716
.698
.675
.714
.760
.797
8.234
Fossil
Fuelsa
Renewable
Energyb
Total
Imports
Exports
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
58.241
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.837
56.099
55.895
55.038
55.968
56.409
57.482
56.689
0.910
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
8.356
4.411
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
7.012
7.018
6.494
6.517
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.982
6.070
6.229
R 6.599
R 6.509
R 7.202
R 7.615
63.563
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
72.486
72.472
72.876
71.742
71.332
71.735
70.716
70.040
70.188
R 69.428
R 70.782
R 71.373
R 73.111
R 72.659
14.613
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.703
32.992
29.706
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
September ...........
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 4.738
.758
.682
.676
.602
.697
.714
.752
.748
.725
.656
.655
.770
8.434
R .672
R 6.169
R .610
R 5.741
R .682
R 6.390
R .661
R 6.037
R .716
R 6.192
R .753
R 6.183
R .701
R 6.340
R .661
R 6.397
R .625
R 6.280
R .645
R 6.308
R .682
R 6.236
R .725
R 6.557
R 8.132
R 74.830
R .754
R 6.520
R .715
R 5.924
R .821
R 6.694
R .819
R 6.314
R .838
R 6.450
R .826
R 6.446
R .795
R 6.507
R .746
R 6.693
R .679
R 6.446
R .710
R 6.658
R .741
R 6.633
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2012 January ................
R 4.449
R 5.033
R 4.774
R 4.779
R 4.716
R 4.887
4.988
R 4.930
R 5.007
R 4.900
R 5.062
R 58.263
R 5.006
R .778
R 6.854
R 60.657
.760
.677
.686
.570
.596
.682
.756
.746
.699
.662
.674
.751
8.259
R 9.222
R 78.139
2.607
2.087
2.501
2.378
2.466
2.407
2.493
2.395
2.288
2.343
R 2.269
R 2.354
R 28.587
5.324
.757
.785
6.866
2.328
R 4.532
R 5.187
R 4.924
R 5.016
R 4.938
R 4.956
R 5.201
R 5.068
R 5.286
R 5.218
R 5.326
Consumption
Stock
Change
and
Otherd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.
b See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series components and estimation; and
see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of Section 10.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage
withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for;
fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item.
e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.
f Also includes electricity net imports.
R=Revised.
Fossil
Fuelse
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Renewable
Energyb
-0.459
-1.065
-1.210
1.110
-.284
2.105
2.468
1.429
-.140
1.372
2.515
-1.953
1.190
.931
.864
.705
-.959
.702
.231
-.842
70.314
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
79.785
80.873
81.369
82.427
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.549
78.488
0.910
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
8.356
4.411
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
7.014
7.016
6.493
6.516
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.983
6.082
6.242
R 6.649
R 6.523
R 7.186
R 7.598
75.684
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
94.022
94.602
95.018
96.652
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.978
100.162
R 100.282
R 99.629
R 101.296
R 99.275
R 94.558
1.926
1.681
1.865
1.894
1.874
1.872
1.989
1.929
1.757
1.676
1.529
1.650
21.643
R 1.042
.758
.682
.676
.602
.697
.714
.752
.748
.725
.656
.655
.770
8.434
R .662
R 9.137
R .604
R 8.217
R .673
R 8.209
R .657
R 7.381
R .715
R 7.686
R .755
R 8.016
R .702
R 8.390
R .659
R 8.452
R .621
R 7.700
R .642
R 7.515
R 1.272
7.702
6.919
6.851
6.112
6.270
6.539
6.928
7.038
6.352
6.215
6.471
7.739
81.136
.833
.752
.870
.852
.833
.802
.833
.894
.892
.893
.901
1.008
10.363
1.775
1.335
1.631
1.526
1.633
1.604
1.660
1.501
1.396
1.450
R 1.368
R 1.346
R 18.224
R 1.091
R 7.878
R .908
R 6.773
R .081
R 6.900
R -.265
R 6.187
R -.443
R 6.200
R -.084
R 6.448
R .246
R 6.854
.869
1.459
R .795
R -.046
R -.550
R -.381
R -.039
R .061
R .125
R -.336
R -.469
R .038
R 1.031
R -.226
6.365
R .419
R 7.092
R 1.201
R 80.055
.760
.677
.686
.570
.596
.682
.756
.746
.699
.662
.674
.751
8.259
.403
7.195
.757
R .228
R 6.918
R -.246
R 6.214
R -.509
R 6.226
R .675
Totalf
R 7.803
R .719
R 9.237
R 8.086
R 97.745
R .738
R 9.386
R .709
R 8.167
R .810
R 8.405
R .811
R 9.122
7.575
7.640
7.966
R 8.412
R 8.422
R 7.596
R 7.599
R 7.776
R 8.619
R 97.563
.766
8.728
R .832
R .825
R .785
R .743
R .673
R .701
R .729
R .765
Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

Energy Consumption," in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary for all
available data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Production: Table 1.2. Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. Stock
Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.
Consumption: Table 1.3.
Figure 1.2
Primary Energy Production

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 1973-2011
Total, Monthly
100
75
50
25
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
By Source, 1973-2011
0
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
2010
2011
2012
By Source, Monthly
25
Coal
2.5
Natural Gas
2.0
20
Coal
Natural Gas
1.5
15
Crude Oil and NGPLa
10
Crude Oil and NGPLa
1.0
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
0.5
5
Nuclear Electric Power
0.0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total, January
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND
2010
2011
2012
By Source, January 2012
8
7
6
6.169
6.520
6.866
Natural Gas
2.093
Coal
1.865
5
Crude Oil
and NGPLa
4
3
2
1
1.366
Renewable
Energy
0.785
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.757
0
2010
2011
2012
0.0
0.5
1.0
Natural gas plant liquids.

Source: Table 1.2.
a
1.5
2.0
2.5
Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coalb
Natural
Gas
(Dry)
Crude
Oilc
NGPLd
Total
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
13.992
14.989
18.598
19.325
22.488
22.130
22.790
23.310
24.045
23.295
22.735
23.547
22.732
22.094
22.852
23.185
23.790
23.493
23.851
21.627
22.187
19.640
19.908
16.980
18.326
19.082
19.344
19.394
19.613
19.341
19.662
20.166
19.382
19.633
19.074
18.556
19.022
19.786
20.703
21.139
19.493
17.729
18.249
18.992
15.571
13.887
13.723
13.658
13.235
12.451
12.358
12.282
12.163
12.026
11.503
10.963
10.801
10.721
10.509
11.348
2.569
2.374
2.254
2.241
2.175
2.442
2.530
2.495
2.420
2.528
2.611
2.547
2.559
2.346
2.466
2.334
2.356
2.409
2.419
2.574
58.241
54.733
59.008
57.539
58.560
57.540
58.387
58.857
59.314
57.614
57.366
58.541
56.837
56.099
55.895
55.038
55.968
56.409
57.482
56.689
0.910
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
8.356
2.861
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
0.020
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.163
.167
.168
.171
.164
.164
.171
.175
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.070
.070
.069
.068
R .066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
2010 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.745
1.688
1.971
1.849
1.738
1.804
1.848
1.900
1.898
1.866
1.862
1.888
22.056
1.790
1.648
1.835
1.763
1.832
1.751
1.859
1.874
1.826
1.892
1.833
1.920
21.823
R .974
R .902
R .991
R .935
R .971
R .936
R .953
R .979
R .975
R 4.738
R 4.449
R 5.033
R 4.774
R 4.779
R 4.716
R 4.887
R 11.603
.230
.210
.236
.227
.238
.226
.227
.236
.232
.242
.235
.242
2.781
.758
.682
.676
.602
.697
.714
.752
.748
.725
.656
.655
.770
8.434
.218
.201
.204
.186
.245
.291
.239
.196
.168
.173
.191
.226
2.539
.018
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.017
.018
.017
.017
.017
.018
.208
R .010
R .009
R .010
R .010
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .010
R .010
R .010
R .126
.067
.053
.084
.095
.085
.079
.066
.065
.069
.077
.095
.088
.923
2011 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
1.859
1.741
1.963
1.794
1.760
1.803
1.738
1.939
1.909
R 1.920
R 1.910
R 1.908
R 22.244
RE 1.922
RE 1.711
RE 1.963
RE 1.925
RE 1.988
RE 1.923
RE 1.987
RE 1.994
RE 1.952
RE 2.052
RE 2.014
RE 2.075
RE 23.506
RE .994
RE .883
RE 1.013
RE .967
RE 1.015
RE .972
RE .981
RE 1.018
RE .971
RE 1.055
RE 1.037
RE 1.074
RE 11.979
.230
.198
.247
.238
.253
.240
.250
.251
.237
.259
.258
.268
2.928
R 5.006
R 4.532
R 5.187
R 4.924
R 5.016
R 4.938
R 4.956
R 5.201
R 5.068
R 5.286
R 5.218
R 5.326
.255
.241
.310
.309
.323
.315
.308
.257
.210
.195
.209
.241
3.171
R .020
R 60.657
.760
.677
.686
.570
.596
.682
.756
.746
.699
.662
.674
.751
8.259
.019
.018
.019
R .019
.019
R .226
R .012
R .012
R .013
R .013
R .014
R .014
R .014
R .014
R .013
R .014
R .012
R .013
R .158
.084
.103
.103
.121
.114
.106
.072
.072
.067
.104
.121
.102
1.168
R 4.498
R 9.222
R 78.139
2012 January ..............
1.865
E 2.093
E 1.096
.271
5.324
.757
.233
.019
.013
.135
.385
.785
6.866
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
R 1.008
R .969
R 1.012
4.988
R 4.930
R 5.007
R 4.900
R 5.062
R 58.263
a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also
includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1.
c Includes lease condensate.
d Natural gas plant liquids.
e Conventional hydroelectric power.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
.018
R .020
.018
.019
R .019
R .019
Wind
Biomass
Total
1.529
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.099
3.155
3.108
2.929
2.965
3.006
2.624
2.705
2.805
2.998
3.104
R 3.216
R 3.461
R 3.864
R 3.927
4.411
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.558
7.012
7.018
6.494
6.517
6.104
5.164
5.734
5.982
6.070
6.229
R 6.599
R 6.509
R 7.202
R 7.615
63.563
61.320
67.175
67.698
70.705
71.174
72.486
72.472
72.876
71.742
71.332
71.735
70.716
70.040
70.188
R 69.428
R 70.782
R 71.373
R 73.111
R 72.659
.359
R .672
R .610
R .682
R .661
R .716
R .753
R .701
R .661
R .625
R .645
R .682
R .725
R 6.169
R 5.741
R 6.390
R 6.037
R 6.192
R 6.183
R 6.340
R 6.397
R 6.280
R 6.308
R 6.236
R 6.557
R .331
Total
.366
.352
.358
.355
.368
R .370
.359
.368
R .368
.382
R 4.336
R 8.132
R 74.830
R .382
R .343
R .376
R .358
R .368
R .373
R .382
R .384
R .371
R .378
R .381
R .402
R .754
R .715
R .821
R .819
R .838
R .826
R .795
R .746
R .679
R .710
R .741
R .778
R 6.520
R 5.924
R 6.694
R 6.314
R 6.450
R 6.446
R 6.507
R 6.693
R 6.446
R 6.658
R 6.633
R 6.854
Notes: See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. Totals may not equal
sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the
50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas (Dry): Tables 4.1 and
A4. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids: Tables 3.1 and A2.
Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6 ("Nuclear Plants" heat rate).
Renewable Energy: Table 10.1.
Figure 1.3
Primary Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 1973-2011
Total, Monthly
120
12
100
10
80
60
40
20
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0
J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A SOND J F MA M J J A SON D
2010
By Source,a 1973-2011
2011
2012
By Source,a Monthly
45
Petroleum
Petroleum
3
30
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
2
Coal
15
Coal
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S O ND
2010
9.137
2012
By Source,a January 2012
Total, January
10
2011
9.386
8.728
Petroleum
2.887
8
Natural Gas
2.787
6
Coal
4
2
0
2010
2011
2012
1.519
Renewable
Energy
0.766
Nuclear
Electric Power
0.757
Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown.
Source: Table 1.3.
a
Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Renewable Energya
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasb
Petroleumc
Totald
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
12.971
12.663
15.423
17.478
19.173
20.089
21.002
21.445
21.656
21.623
22.580
21.914
21.904
22.321
22.466
22.797
22.447
22.749
22.385
19.692
22.512
19.948
20.235
17.703
19.603
22.671
23.085
23.223
22.830
22.909
23.824
22.773
23.510
22.831
22.923
22.565
22.239
23.663
23.843
23.416
34.837
32.732
34.205
30.925
33.552
34.438
35.675
36.159
36.816
37.838
38.262
38.186
38.224
38.811
40.292
40.388
39.955
39.774
37.280
35.403
70.314
65.357
69.828
66.093
72.332
77.259
79.785
80.873
81.369
82.427
84.731
82.902
83.699
84.014
85.819
85.794
84.702
86.211
83.549
78.488
0.910
1.900
2.739
4.076
6.104
7.075
7.087
6.597
7.068
7.610
7.862
8.029
8.145
7.959
8.222
8.161
8.215
8.455
8.427
8.356
2.861
3.155
2.900
2.970
3.046
3.205
3.590
3.640
3.297
3.268
2.811
2.242
2.689
2.825
2.690
2.703
2.869
2.446
2.511
2.669
0.020
.034
.053
.097
.171
.152
.163
.167
.168
.171
.164
.164
.171
.175
.178
.181
.181
.186
.192
.200
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.059
.069
.070
.070
.069
.068
R .066
.064
.063
.062
.063
.063
.068
.076
.089
.098
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1.918
1.710
1.639
1.452
1.626
1.853
2.002
1.999
1.701
1.526
1.568
1.883
20.877
2.841
2.507
2.160
1.700
1.622
1.656
1.836
1.890
1.644
1.671
1.986
2.741
24.256
2.947
2.698
3.048
2.960
3.020
3.029
3.089
3.148
3.008
3.020
2.923
3.120
36.010
7.702
6.919
6.851
6.112
6.270
6.539
6.928
7.038
6.352
6.215
6.471
7.739
81.136
.758
.682
.676
.602
.697
.714
.752
.748
.725
.656
.655
.770
8.434
.218
.201
.204
.186
.245
.291
.239
.196
.168
.173
.191
.226
2.539
.018
.016
.018
.017
.018
.017
.017
.018
.017
.017
.017
.018
.208
R .010
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 1.913
R 2.936
R 1.443
R 1.865
R 1.573
R 1.702
R 1.783
R 1.685
1.979
1.941
1.633
R 1.494
R 1.443
R 1.574
R 19.919
R 1.916
R 24.843
R 80.055
.255
.241
.310
.309
.323
.315
.308
.257
.210
.195
.209
.241
3.171
R .012
R 2.274
.760
.677
.686
.570
.596
.682
.756
.746
.699
.662
.674
.751
8.259
R .020
R 2.491
R 1.562
3.030
2.701
3.062
2.878
2.923
2.979
2.959
3.059
2.908
2.953
2.879
2.951
35.283
R 7.878
R 1.581
2012 January ................
1.519
2.787
2.887
7.195
.757
.233
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
R 1.913
R 1.672
R 1.780
R 2.045
R 2.564
R 6.773
R 6.900
R 6.187
R 6.200
R 6.448
R 6.854
R 6.918
R 6.214
R 6.226
6.365
R 7.092
a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.110.2c for notes on series
components and estimation; and see Note, "Renewable Energy Production and
Consumption," at end of Section 10.
b Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.
c Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil
burned as fuel. Does not include biofuels that have been blended with
petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
d Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not
R .009
R .010
R .010
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .011
R .010
R .010
R .010
R .126
Biomass
Total
NA
NA
NA
(s)
.029
.033
.033
.034
.031
.046
.057
.070
.105
.115
.142
.178
.264
.341
.546
.721
1.529
1.499
2.475
3.016
2.735
3.101
3.157
3.105
2.927
2.963
3.008
2.622
2.701
2.807
3.010
R 3.117
R 3.267
R 3.474
R 3.849
R 3.911
4.411
4.687
5.428
6.084
6.041
6.560
7.014
7.016
6.493
6.516
6.106
5.163
5.729
5.983
6.082
6.242
R 6.649
R 6.523
R 7.186
R 7.598
75.684
71.965
78.067
76.392
84.485
91.029
94.022
94.602
95.018
96.652
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.978
100.162
R 100.282
R 99.629
R 101.296
R 99.275
R 94.558
.067
.053
.084
.095
.085
.079
.066
.065
.069
.077
.095
.088
.923
.349
.326
.357
R .348
R .356
.357
.368
.369
.356
.365
.362
R .376
R 4.290
R .662
R 9.137
R .604
R 8.217
R .673
R 8.209
R .657
R 7.381
R .715
R 7.686
R .755
R 8.016
R .702
R 8.390
R .659
R 8.452
R .621
R 7.700
R .642
R 7.515
R .719
R 9.237
R 8.086
R 97.745
R .367
R .738
R 9.386
R .336
R .709
R 8.167
R .365
R .810
R 8.405
R .349
R .811
R .363
R .832
R .372
R .825
R .372
R .785
R .382
R .743
R .364
R .673
R .369
R .701
R .389
R .765
R 4.397
R 9.122
7.575
7.640
7.966
R 8.412
R 8.422
R 7.596
R 7.599
R 7.776
R 8.619
R 97.563
.365
.766
8.728
Wind
.018
R .012
R .020
R .013
.018
.019
R .019
R .019
.019
.018
.019
R .019
.019
R .226
R .013
R .158
.084
.103
.103
.121
.114
.106
.072
.072
.067
.104
.121
.102
1.168
.019
.013
.135
R .014
R .014
R .014
R .014
R .013
R .014
R .012
R .013
R .369
R .675
R .729
Totalf
R 7.803
separately displayed. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes:
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4.
Petroleum: Table 3.6. Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6
("Nuclear Plants" heat rate). Renewable Energy: Table 10.1. Net Imports of
Coal Coke and Electricity: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total Imports and Exports, 1973-2011
Total Imports and Exports, Monthly

4
40
Imports
30
3
Imports
20
10
Exports
Exports
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Imports by Source, 1973-2011
0
2010
2 011
2012
Imports by Source, Monthly
32
3.2
Petroleum
24
2.4
16
Petroleum
1.6
0.8
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Othera
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Othera
0.0
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O ND
2010
Exports by Source, 1973-2011
0.7
0.6
Petroleum
0.5
0.3
2
0.2
1
Natural Gas
a
b
1980
1985
1990
Petroleum
0.4
Coalb
1975
2012
Exports by Major Source, Monthly
2 011
1995
Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity.

Includes coal coke.
2000
Coalb
Natural Gas
0.1
Electricity
2005
2010
0.0
Electricity
2010
2011
2012

Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports

(Quadrillion Btu, Except as noted)
Total, 1973-2011
Total, Monthly
3.0
40
2.5
30
2.0
20
1.5
1.0
10
0.5
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
By Major Source, 1973-2011
0.0
2010
2011
2012
By Major Source, Monthly

2.0
25
Crude Oil
Crude Oila
20
1.5
15
Petroleum
Productsb
10
1.0
Petroleum
Productsb
0.5
5
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0.0
Coal
Coal
-0.5
-5
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Major Source, January 2012
2010
2011
2012
As Share of Consumption, January
2.5
35
2.0
30
1.586
25
1.5
Percent
21.1
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.070
-0.215
-0.5
Natural
Gas
18.9
16.7
15
10
0.152
Coal
20
Crude Oil
5
0
Petroleum
Productsb
a
Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977.
b
Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline
blending components. Does not include biofuels.
2010
2011
2012

Sources: Tables 1.3, 1.4a, and 1.4b.
Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source

(Quadrillion Btu)
Imports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Productsb
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.003
.024
.030
.049
.067
.237
.203
.187
.218
.227
.313
.495
.422
.626
.682
.762
.906
.909
.855
.566
0.027
.045
.016
.014
.019
.095
.063
.078
.095
.080
.094
.063
.080
.068
.170
.088
.101
.061
.089
.009
1.060
.978
1.006
.952
1.551
2.901
3.002
3.063
3.225
3.664
3.869
4.068
4.104
4.042
4.365
4.450
4.291
4.723
4.084
3.845
6.887
8.721
11.195
6.814
12.766
15.669
16.341
17.876
18.916
18.935
19.783
20.348
19.920
21.060
22.082
22.091
22.085
21.914
21.448
19.699
6.578
4.227
3.463
3.796
4.351
3.211
3.943
3.864
3.992
4.198
4.749
5.051
4.754
5.159
6.114
7.157
7.084
6.868
6.237
5.383
13.466
12.948
14.658
10.609
17.117
18.881
20.284
21.740
22.908
23.133
24.531
25.398
24.674
26.219
28.197
29.248
29.169
28.781
27.685
25.082
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.042
.031
.047
.045
.037
.044
.035
.043
.040
.044
.037
.039
.484
.001
.005
.003
.001
.005
.005
.003
.003
.002
.001
(s)
(s)
.030
.394
.332
.327
.306
.305
.289
.337
.313
.289
.302
.280
.361
3.834
1.577
1.469
1.734
1.747
1.793
1.784
1.844
1.772
1.658
1.585
1.563
1.614
20.140
.483
.384
.393
.466
.428
.419
.472
.484
.432
.448
.400
.420
5.231
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.025
.021
.038
.028
.033
.024
.030
.039
.021
.023
.020
.024
.327
.001
.002
.004
.001
.004
.004
.003
.005
.003
.002
.002
.004
.035
.380
.316
.322
.285
R .277
.272
.300
.286
.260
.285
R .254
R .303
R 3.540
1.689
1.348
1.682
1.570
1.674
1.666
1.734
1.680
1.623
1.681
1.591
1.623
19.561
2012 January ..................
.020
.003
.287
1.596
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve, which began in 1977.
b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.
c Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States
and the District of Columbia.
10
Biofuelsc
Electricity
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.001
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.002
.002
.002
.013
.012
.066
.054
.084
.026
0.057
.038
.085
.157
.063
.146
.148
.147
.135
.147
.166
.131
.125
.104
.117
.150
.146
.175
.195
.178
14.613
14.032
15.796
11.781
18.817
22.260
23.702
25.215
26.581
27.252
28.973
30.157
29.408
31.061
33.544
34.709
34.679
34.703
32.992
29.706
2.060
1.853
2.127
2.214
2.221
2.203
2.316
2.256
2.090
2.034
1.963
2.034
25.371
.001
(s)
.001
(s)
.001
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.004
.018
.015
.015
.013
.010
.014
.015
.012
.010
.009
.009
.013
.154
2.516
2.237
2.519
2.580
2.578
2.556
2.705
2.627
2.431
2.390
2.289
2.447
29.877
.497
.387
.441
.479
.462
.424
.404
.364
.365
.337
.388
.383
4.930
2.186
1.735
2.123
2.050
2.135
2.090
2.138
2.044
1.988
2.018
1.979
2.006
24.491
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.002
.003
.002
.002
.004
.016
.015
.013
.014
.013
.017
.015
.021
.019
.014
.013
.012
.015
.178
2.607
2.087
2.501
2.378
2.466
2.407
2.493
2.395
2.288
2.343
R 2.269
R 2.354
R 28.587
.408
2.005
(s)
.014
2.328

Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: 1973-1975U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and Coal
Chemicals" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Energy Data Report, "Coke and Coal Chemicals," annual reports.
1981
forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report, quarterly reports. Natural Gas: Tables
4.1 and A4. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables 3.3b, 10.3, 10.4, and
A2. Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. Electricity: Tables 7.1 and A6.
Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports
(Quadrillion Btu)
Net
Importsa
Exports
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
Coke
Natural
Gas
Crude
Oilb
Petroleum
Productsc
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
1.425
1.761
2.421
2.438
2.772
2.318
2.368
2.193
2.092
1.525
1.528
1.265
1.032
1.117
1.253
1.273
1.264
1.507
2.071
1.515
0.035
.032
.051
.028
.014
.034
.040
.031
.028
.022
.028
.033
.020
.018
.033
.043
.040
.036
.049
.032
0.079
.074
.049
.056
.087
.156
.155
.159
.161
.164
.245
.377
.520
.686
.862
.735
.730
.830
.972
1.082
0.004
.012
.609
.432
.230
.200
.233
.228
.233
.250
.106
.043
.019
.026
.057
.067
.052
.058
.061
.093
0.482
.427
.551
1.225
1.594
1.791
1.825
1.872
1.740
1.705
2.048
1.996
2.023
2.124
2.151
2.374
2.699
2.949
3.739
4.147
0.486
.439
1.160
1.657
1.824
1.991
2.059
2.100
1.972
1.955
2.154
2.039
2.042
2.151
2.208
2.442
2.751
3.007
3.800
4.240
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
.001
.001
.001
.004
.035
.086
.034
0.009
.017
.014
.017
.055
.012
.011
.031
.047
.049
.051
.056
.054
.082
.078
.065
.083
.069
.083
.062
2.033
2.323
3.695
4.196
4.752
4.511
4.633
4.514
4.299
3.715
4.006
3.771
3.669
4.054
4.434
4.560
4.872
5.482
7.060
6.965
12.580
11.709
12.101
7.584
14.065
17.750
19.069
20.701
22.281
23.537
24.967
26.386
25.739
27.007
29.110
30.149
29.806
29.221
25.932
22.741
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.151
.138
.169
.189
.186
.190
.178
.180
.184
.170
.180
.186
2.101
.006
.001
(s)
.001
.003
.004
.003
.002
.003
.003
.006
.005
.036
.094
.089
.100
.077
.086
.091
.087
.085
.080
.097
.125
.136
1.147
.006
.009
.008
.006
.007
.005
.012
.006
.011
.004
.006
.007
.088
.327
.312
.366
.404
.414
.385
.428
.415
.385
.429
.433
.452
4.750
.332
.321
.374
.411
.420
.391
.440
.421
.396
.433
.439
.459
4.838
.003
.003
.006
.005
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.007
.046
.004
.003
.004
.004
.006
.005
.005
.006
.008
.007
.006
.005
.065
.590
.556
.654
.686
.704
.684
.716
.698
.675
.714
.760
.797
8.234
1.926
1.681
1.865
1.894
1.874
1.872
1.989
1.929
1.757
1.676
1.529
1.650
21.643
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
.219
.213
.253
.227
.232
.234
.202
.241
.224
.235
.226
.250
2.758
.001
.002
.001
.001
.002
.003
.003
.001
.003
.002
.004
.001
.024
.137
.126
.146
.128
.133
.121
.114
.112
.128
.110
.129
.136
1.521
.013
.005
.007
.007
.007
.006
.013
.006
.006
.009
.011
.010
.100
.451
.395
.450
.473
.448
.428
.485
.525
.518
.522
.513
.595
5.801
.464
.400
.457
.480
.454
.434
.498
.531
.524
.531
.524
.604
5.901
.006
.005
.008
.011
.007
.006
.011
.005
.010
.011
.013
.014
.108
.005
.005
.005
.005
.004
.004
.004
.003
.003
.003
.004
.003
.051
.833
.752
.870
.852
.833
.802
.833
.894
.892
.893
.901
1.008
10.363
1.775
1.335
1.631
1.526
1.633
1.604
1.660
1.501
1.396
1.450
R 1.368
R 1.346
R 18.224
2012 January ..................
.235
.001
.134
.010
.478
.489
.008
.003
.869
1.459
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a Net imports equal imports minus exports.

b Crude oil and lease condensate.
c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending
components. Does not include biofuels.

d Through 2010, data are for biodiesel only. Beginning in 2011, data are for
fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
Notes: See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50
States and the District of Columbia.
Biofuelsd
Electricity
Total
Total
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary for

all available data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. Coal Coke: 1973-1975U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and
Coal Chemicals" chapter. 1976-1980U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Energy Data Report, "Coke and Coal Chemicals," annual reports. 1981
forwardEIA, Quarterly Coal Report, quarterly reports. Natural Gas:
Tables 4.1 and A4. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables 3.3b, 10.4,
and A2. Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. Electricity: Tables 7.1 and
A6.
11
Figure 1.5
Merchandise Trade Value

(Billion Dollarsa)
Imports and Exports, 1974-2011
Imports and Exports, Monthly
2,500
250
2,000
200
Total Imports
Total Imports
1,500
150
1,000
Total Exports
100
Total Exports
500
50
Energy
Exports
Energy Imports
Energy Exports
Energy Imports
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Trade Balance, 1974-2011
2010
2011
2012
Trade Balance, Monthly

0
100
0
-100
-200
Energy
-25
NonEnergy
Energy
-300
Non-Energy
-50
-400
-500
Total
-600
-75
-700
-800
Total
-900
-100
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S O ND
2010
2011
2012
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. S ee Nominal Dollars in Glossary.

http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.
Source: Table 1.5.
a
12
Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

(Million Dollarsa)
Petroleumb
Exports
Imports
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
792
907
2,833
4,707
6,901
6,321
7,984
8,592
6,574
7,118
10,192
8,868
8,569
10,209
13,130
19,155
28,171
33,293
61,695
44,509
24,668
25,197
78,637
50,475
61,583
54,368
72,022
71,152
50,264
67,173
119,251
102,747
102,663
132,433
179,266
250,068
299,714
327,620
449,847
251,833
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,083
4,003
5,348
5,680
5,484
4,798
5,505
5,346
5,482
6,084
6,272
6,694
64,778
2011 January ................

7,330
February ..............
6,682
March ...................
7,717
April .....................
8,934
May ......................
8,680
June .....................
7,974
July ......................
9,097
August .................
9,766
9,250
October ................
9,630
November ............
9,438
December ............
10,500
Total .................... 105,000
1974 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Energyc
Balance
Balance
NonEnergy
Balance
Total Merchandise
Exports
Imports
Exports
Imports
Balance
-23,876
-24,289
-75,803
-45,768
-54,682
-48,047
-64,038
-62,560
-43,690
-60,055
-109,059
-93,879
-94,094
-122,224
-166,136
-230,913
-271,543
-294,327
-388,152
-207,324
3,444
4,470
7,982
9,971
12,233
10,358
12,181
12,682
10,251
9,880
13,179
12,494
11,541
13,768
18,642
26,488
34,711
41,725
76,075
54,536
25,454
26,476
82,924
53,917
64,661
59,109
78,086
78,277
57,323
75,803
135,367
121,923
115,748
153,298
206,660
289,723
332,500
364,987
491,885
271,739
-22,010
-22,006
-74,942
-43,946
-52,428
-48,751
-65,905
-65,595
-47,072
-65,923
-122,188
-109,429
-104,207
-139,530
-188,018
-263,235
-297,789
-323,262
-415,810
-217,203
18,126
31,557
55,246
-73,765
-50,068
-110,050
-104,309
-114,927
-182,686
-262,898
-313,916
-302,470
-364,056
-392,820
-462,912
-504,242
-519,515
-485,501
-400,389
-286,379
99,437
108,856
225,566
218,815
393,592
584,742
625,075
689,182
682,138
695,797
781,918
729,100
693,103
724,771
818,775
905,978
1,036,635
1,148,199
1,287,442
1,056,043
103,321
99,305
245,262
336,526
496,088
743,543
795,289
869,704
911,896
1,024,618
1,218,022
1,140,999
1,161,366
1,257,121
1,469,704
1,673,455
1,853,938
1,956,962
2,103,641
1,559,625
-3,884
9,551
-19,696
-117,712
-102,496
-158,801
-170,214
-180,522
-229,758
-328,821
-436,104
-411,899
-468,263
-532,350
-650,930
-767,477
-817,304
-808,763
-816,199
-503,582
25,234
23,666
28,549
30,016
28,733
29,011
29,218
30,130
27,479
25,556
25,982
29,892
333,465
-21,151
-19,663
-23,201
-24,336
-23,249
-24,213
-23,713
-24,784
-21,997
-19,472
-19,710
-23,198
-268,687
5,236
5,115
6,667
6,970
6,887
6,170
6,760
6,744
6,802
7,318
7,610
8,182
80,460
28,075
26,018
30,613
31,657
30,369
30,698
31,113
31,907
28,992
27,056
27,363
31,107
354,968
-22,839
-20,903
-23,946
-24,687
-23,482
-24,528
-24,353
-25,163
-22,190
-19,738
-19,753
-22,925
-274,508
-21,285
-19,141
-23,271
-26,034
-27,165
-36,592
-35,451
-38,957
-37,244
-33,397
-35,966
-25,888
-360,389
92,601
93,854
110,511
102,443
105,477
107,202
104,057
106,846
107,644
117,104
113,046
117,480
1,278,263
136,725
133,898
157,728
153,163
156,124
168,321
163,861
170,966
167,078
170,239
168,765
166,293
1,913,160
-44,124
-40,044
-47,217
-50,721
-50,647
-61,120
-59,804
-64,120
-59,434
-53,135
-55,719
-48,813
-634,897
32,982
27,856
37,076
36,347
40,797
41,151
38,626
39,142
36,252
33,631
35,847
36,574
436,281
-25,652
-21,174
-29,359
-27,413
-32,117
-33,177
-29,529
-29,376
-27,002
-24,001
-26,409
-26,074
-331,281
9,153
8,404
9,803
10,908
10,670
10,015
10,873
11,760
11,165
11,470
11,297
12,400
127,919
34,630
29,597
38,682
37,982
42,582
42,824
40,368
41,012
37,754
35,097
37,018
37,825
455,373
-25,477
-21,193
-28,879
-27,074
-31,912
-32,809
-29,495
-29,252
-26,589
-23,627
-25,721
-25,425
-327,454
-31,114
-25,654
-25,424
-27,246
-32,940
-36,132
-37,418
-40,187
-35,935
-36,667
-38,341
-32,200
-399,258
110,155
109,640
131,315
123,901
124,000
122,913
120,376
126,765
127,219
131,323
126,192
126,847
1,480,646
166,745
156,487
185,618
178,221
188,852
191,854
187,289
196,204
189,744
191,616
190,254
184,472
2,207,358
-56,591
-46,847
-54,303
-54,320
-64,852
-68,941
-66,913
-69,439
-62,524
-60,294
-64,062
-57,625
-726,712
2012 January ................

February ..............
2-Month Total .....
8,730
8,605
17,335
37,044
31,171
68,215
-28,314
-22,566
-50,880
10,606
10,124
20,730
38,290
32,250
70,540
-27,684
-22,126
-49,810
R -37,519
R 118,209
R 183,411
R -65,203
-26,410
-63,929
123,491
241,700
172,027
355,438
-48,536
-113,738
2011 2-Month Total .....

14,012
8,086
60,838
48,900
-46,826
-40,814
17,557
10,351
64,227
54,093
-46,670
-43,742
-56,768
-40,426
219,794
186,454
323,232
270,623
-103,438
-84,168
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
b Crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and other
mineral fuels.
c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity.
R=Revised.
Notes: Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. See Note,
"Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. The U.S. import statistics reflect both
government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign countries into
the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 States, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Sources: See end of section.
13
Figure 1.6
Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars
Costs, 1973-2011
Costs, January 2012
25
18
Dollars per Million Btu
Dollars per Million Btu
15
Residential
Heating Oilb
10
Motor Gasolinea
12.24
12
9
6
4.12
Residential
Natural Gasa
NA
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Residential Electricity,a Monthly
Residential
Electricitya
Motor
Residential Residential
Natural
Heating
Gasolinea
Gasa
Oilb
Motor Gasoline,a Monthly
2.00
1.75
2011
2012
1.50
2010
2012
Dollars per Gallon
Cents per Kilowatthour
14.78
15
Residential
Electricitya
20
2011
2010
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
J
Residential Heating Oil,b Monthly
Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Dollars per Gallon
2011
1.00
2009
0.50
0.00
F
Includes taxes.
Excludes taxes.
NA=Not available.
14
2010
8.00
6.00
4.00
2011
2012
2.00
0.00
10.00
2010
Residential Natural Gas,a Monthly
2.00
1.50
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.

Source: Table 1.6.
Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars

Consumer Price Index,
All Urban Consumersa
Motor Gasolineb
Residential
Heating Oilc
Residential
Natural Gasb
Residential
Electricityb
Index
1982-1984=100
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Gallon
Dollars per
Million Btu
Dollars per
Thousand
Cubic Feet
Dollars per
Million Btu
Cents per
Kilowatthour
Dollars per
Million Btu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
44.4
53.8
82.4
107.6
130.7
152.4
156.9
160.5
163.0
166.6
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
188.9
195.3
201.6
207.342
215.303
214.537
NA
NA
1.482
1.112
0.931
0.791
0.821
0.804
0.684
0.733
0.908
0.864
0.801
0.890
1.018
1.197
1.307
1.374
1.541
1.119
NA
NA
11.85
8.89
7.44
6.37
6.61
6.48
5.51
5.91
7.32
6.97
6.46
7.18
8.20
9.64
10.52
11.06
12.40
9.01
NA
NA
1.182
0.979
0.813
0.569
0.630
0.613
0.523
0.526
0.761
0.706
0.628
0.736
0.819
1.051
1.173
1.250
1.495
1.112
NA
NA
8.52
7.06
5.86
4.10
4.54
4.42
3.77
3.79
5.49
5.09
4.52
5.31
5.91
7.58
8.46
9.01
10.78
8.02
2.91
3.18
4.47
5.69
4.44
3.98
4.04
4.32
4.18
4.02
4.51
5.44
4.39
5.23
5.69
6.50
6.81
6.31
6.45
5.66
2.85
3.12
4.36
5.52
4.31
3.87
3.94
4.21
4.05
3.91
4.39
5.28
4.28
5.09
5.55
6.33
6.63
6.14
6.28
5.52
5.6
6.5
6.6
6.87
5.99
5.51
5.33
5.25
5.07
4.90
4.79
4.84
4.69
4.74
4.74
4.84
5.16
5.14
5.23
5.37
16.50
19.07
19.21
20.13
17.56
16.15
15.62
15.39
14.85
14.36
14.02
14.20
13.75
13.89
13.89
14.18
15.12
15.05
15.33
15.72
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
216.687
216.741
217.631
218.009
218.178
217.965
218.011
218.312
218.439
218.711
218.803
219.179
218.056
1.282
1.250
1.300
1.333
1.336
1.277
1.277
1.280
1.261
1.300
1.325
1.383
1.301
10.32
10.06
10.46
10.73
10.75
10.28
10.27
10.31
10.15
10.46
10.66
11.13
10.47
1.275
1.226
1.267
1.278
1.248
1.203
1.185
1.190
1.209
1.278
1.337
1.409
1.283
9.19
8.84
9.13
9.22
9.00
8.68
8.55
8.58
8.72
9.21
9.64
10.16
9.25
4.87
4.93
5.05
5.49
6.01
6.82
7.44
7.63
7.16
6.11
4.97
4.51
5.22
4.76
4.82
4.93
5.37
5.88
6.66
7.27
7.46
7.00
5.98
4.86
4.41
5.11
4.84
5.02
5.10
5.37
5.46
5.46
5.52
5.51
5.47
5.42
5.31
5.05
5.29
14.19
14.73
14.96
15.74
16.00
16.01
16.19
16.15
16.03
15.89
15.56
14.79
15.51
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
220.223
221.309
223.467
224.906
225.964
225.722
225.922
226.545
226.889
226.421
226.230
225.672
224.939
1.425
1.453
1.608
1.718
1.762
1.663
1.639
1.624
1.615
1.555
1.536
1.475
1.590
11.47
11.69
12.95
13.83
14.18
13.38
13.19
13.07
13.00
12.52
12.36
11.87
12.80
1.476
1.540
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10.64
11.11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.45
4.52
4.56
4.90
5.37
6.26
6.87
7.05
6.64
5.50
4.68
4.29
4.80
4.35
4.42
4.46
4.79
5.25
6.12
6.72
6.90
6.49
5.37
4.57
4.20
4.69
4.97
5.02
5.19
5.22
5.32
5.34
5.38
5.36
5.40
5.36
5.25
5.10
5.25
14.57
14.73
15.20
15.31
15.58
15.65
15.77
15.72
15.82
15.70
15.39
14.96
15.37
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
226.665
227.663
229.392
1.521
1.591
1.708
12.24
12.81
13.75
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 4.21
R 4.12
R 5.04
R 14.78
NA
NA
NA
NA
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted.
b Includes taxes.
c Excludes taxes.
R=Revised. NA=Not available.

Notes: See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. Fuel costs are calculated by using
the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of
NA
NA
NA
NA
Columbia.
Sources: Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Types), 9.8c, 9.9, and 9.11, adjusted
by the CPI. Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S. Department of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
series
ID
CUUR0000SA0.
Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4, and A6.
15
Figure 1.7
Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1973-2011
(Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar)
20
15
Total
10
Petroleum and Natural Gas
5
Other Energy
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Note: See Real Dollars in Glossary.

Source: Table 1.7.
Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product
Energy Consumption
Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Other
Energya
Total
Billion Chained
(2005) Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
1973 Year
1974 Year
1975 Year
1976 Year
1977 Year
1978 Year
1979 Year
1980 Year
1981 Year
1982 Year
1983 Year
1984 Year
1985 Year
1986 Year
1987 Year
1988 Year
1989 Year
1990 Year
1991 Year
1992 Year
1993 Year
1994 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
2010 Year
2011 Year
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
57.350
55.186
52.680
55.523
57.054
57.963
57.788
54.440
51.680
48.588
47.273
49.447
48.628
48.790
50.504
52.671
53.811
53.155
52.879
54.239
54.973
56.289
57.110
58.760
59.382
59.646
60.747
62.086
60.958
61.734
61.642
63.215
62.953
62.194
63.437
61.123
58.819
60.266
R 60.125
18.334
18.776
19.284
20.452
20.907
21.987
23.070
23.627
24.426
24.511
25.698
27.185
27.764
27.857
28.551
30.038
30.975
31.330
31.559
31.544
32.450
32.803
33.920
35.262
35.221
35.372
35.905
36.729
35.210
35.911
36.336
36.947
37.328
R 37.435
R 37.859
R 38.152
R 35.739
R 37.479
R 37.438
75.684
73.962
71.965
75.975
77.961
79.950
80.859
78.067
76.106
73.099
72.971
76.632
76.392
76.647
79.054
82.709
84.786
84.485
84.438
85.783
87.424
89.091
91.029
94.022
94.602
95.018
96.652
98.814
96.168
97.645
97.978
100.162
R 100.282
R 99.629
R 101.296
R 99.275
R 94.558
R 97.745
R 97.563
a Coal, coal coke net imports, nuclear electric power, renewable energy,
and electricity net imports.
Notes: See "Primary Energy Consumption" and "Real Dollars" in
Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of
16
Gross
Domestic
Product
(GDP)
4,912.8
4,885.7
4,875.4
5,136.9
5,373.1
5,672.8
5,850.1
5,834.0
5,982.1
5,865.9
6,130.9
6,571.5
6,843.4
7,080.5
7,307.0
7,607.4
7,879.2
8,027.1
8,008.3
8,280.0
8,516.2
8,863.1
9,086.0
9,425.8
9,845.9
10,274.7
10,770.7
11,216.4
11,337.5
11,543.1
11,836.4
12,246.9
12,623.0
12,958.5
13,206.4
13,161.9
12,703.1
13,088.0
R 13,315.1
Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP

Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Other
Energya
Total
Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar

11.67
11.30
10.81
10.81
10.62
10.22
9.88
9.33
8.64
8.28
7.71
7.52
7.11
6.89
6.91
6.92
6.83
6.62
6.60
6.55
6.46
6.35
6.29
6.23
6.03
5.81
5.64
5.54
5.38
5.35
5.21
5.16
4.99
4.80
4.80
4.64
4.63
4.60
4.52
3.73
3.84
3.96
3.98
3.89
3.88
3.94
4.05
4.08
4.18
4.19
4.14
4.06
3.93
3.91
3.95
3.93
3.90
3.94
3.81
3.81
3.70
3.73
3.74
3.58
3.44
3.33
3.27
3.11
3.11
3.07
3.02
2.96
2.89
2.87
2.90
2.81
2.86
2.81
15.41
15.14
14.76
14.79
14.51
14.09
13.82
13.38
12.72
12.46
11.90
11.66
11.16
10.83
10.82
10.87
10.76
10.52
10.54
10.36
10.27
10.05
10.02
9.97
9.61
9.25
8.97
8.81
8.48
8.46
8.28
8.18
7.94
7.69
7.67
7.54
7.44
7.47
R 7.33
Columbia.
Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Gross Domestic
Product: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,
National Income and Product Accounts (March 29, 2012), Table 1.1.6.
Figure 1.8
Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 1973-2008

(Miles per Gallon)
25
Passenger Carsa
20
15
Vans, Pickup Trucks, and

Sport Utility Vehicles
10
Heavy-Duty Trucks
5
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Motorcycles are included through 1989.

Source: Table 1.8.
Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
Vans, Pickup Trucks,
and Sport Utility Vehiclesb
Passenger Carsa
Mileage
(miles
per
vehicle)
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008P
a
b
c
d
9,884
9,221
9,309
9,418
9,517
9,500
9,062
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
a10,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
12,304
11,788
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
(gallons
(miles per
per vehicle)
gallon)
737
677
665
681
676
665
620
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
a533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
547
522
13.4
13.6
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
a19.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
22.5
22.6
Mileage
(miles
per
vehicle)
9,779
9,452
9,829
10,127
10,607
10,968
10,802
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
10,962
10,951
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
(gallons
(miles per
per vehicle)
gallon)
931
862
934
934
947
948
905
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
609
605
10.5
11.0
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
Through 1989, includes motorcycles.

Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans.
Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.
Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not shown separately.
P=Preliminary.
Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Heavy-Duty Trucksc
Mileage
(miles
per
vehicle)
15,370
14,995
15,167
15,438
16,700
18,045
18,502
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
25,152
25,254
All Motor Vehiclesd
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
(gallons
(miles per
per vehicle)
gallon)
2,775
2,708
2,722
2,764
3,002
3,263
3,380
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
4,275
4,075
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
6.2
Mileage
(miles
per
vehicle)
10,099
9,493
9,627
9,774
9,978
10,077
9,722
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
11,920
11,619
Fuel
Fuel
Consumption Economy
(gallons
(miles per
gallon)
per vehicle)
850
788
790
806
814
816
776
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
11.9
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.5
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table
4-13. All Other Data: 1973-1994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA),
Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA,
Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.
17
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
July through March
March
Percent Change
Normala
Census Divisions
2011
2012
Percent Change
Normal
to 2012
2011
to 2012
Normala
2011
2012
Normal
to 2012
2011
to 2012
New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............
913
914
666
-27
-27
5,715
5,743
4,635
-19
-19
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................
827
839
529
-36
-37
5,191
5,196
4,142
-20
-20
East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................
864
880
458
-47
-48
5,733
5,822
4,592
-20
-21
West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................
858
904
447
-48
-51
6,055
6,126
4,881
-19
-20
South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................
373
355
183
-51
-48
2,621
2,763
2,038
-22
-26
East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............
452
403
188
-58
-53
3,324
3,387
2,594
-22
-23
West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................
263
196
122
-54
-38
2,187
2,115
1,737
-21
-18
Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................
633
563
521
-18
-7
4,491
4,175
4,094
-9
-2
California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................
416
442
461
11
2,687
2,683
2,638
-2
-2
U.S. Averageb ................................
593
586
377
-36
-36
4,004
4,026
3,300
-18
-18
Pacificb
a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature

used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Heating
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
falls below 65 F. Cooling degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature rises above 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40
F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling
degree-days). If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree
days).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary
18
for historical data.

Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The State figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident State population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-1
(heating degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

Cumulative
January through March
March
Percent Change
Census Divisions
Normala
2011
2012
Normal
to 2012
2011
to 2012
Percent Change
Normala
2011
2012
Normal
to 2012
2011
to 2012
New England
Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Vermont .............
NM
NM
NM
NM
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania ............................
NM
NM
NM
NM
East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio,
Wisconsin .................................
17
NM
NM
17
NM
NM
West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota,
South Dakota ............................
13
NM
NM
13
NM
NM
South Atlantic
Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland and
the District of Columbia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia,
West Virginia ............................
49
53
86
NM
NM
114
101
154
35
52
East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, Tennessee ............
19
50
NM
NM
31
10
53
NM
NM
West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, Texas .....................
51
76
113
NM
NM
81
116
146
NM
NM
Mountain
Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana,
Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming .........................
10
11
NM
NM
14
14
NM
NM
California, Oregon,
Washington ...............................
NM
NM
NM
NM
U.S. Averageb ................................
18
20
36
NM
NM
36
34
52
NM
NM
Pacificb
a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
NM=Not meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is

incalculable).
Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature
used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Cooling
degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature
rises above 65 F. Heating degree-days are the number of degrees that the
daily average temperature falls below 65 F. The daily average temperature
is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period.
For example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of
78 F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating
degree-days). A weather station recording an average daily temperature of
40 F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degreedays).
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary
for current data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#summary

for historical data.
Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published
here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,
Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries
and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major
weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded
at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages
based on population. The State figures are then aggregated into Census
Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently
used represent resident State population data estimated for the 2000 Census
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data
provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-2
(cooling degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,
Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
19
Energy Overview
2008 forward: U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services, FT-900, monthly.
Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented

are based on the customs values. Those values do not
include insurance and freight and are consequently lower
than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are
also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data,
and imports data prior to 1981, are on a free alongside ship
(f.a.s.) basis.
Petroleum Imports
19741987: U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT-900, December
issues, 1975-1988.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
19901993: U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final Report.
19942007: U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,
Annual Revision.
Balance is exports minus imports; a positive balance

indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance
indicates a deficit trade value. Energy includes mineral
fuels, lubricants, and related material. Non-Energy Balance
and Total Merchandise include foreign exports (i.e.,
re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of
Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The Non-Energy Balance
is calculated by subtracting the Energy from the Total
Merchandise Balance.
Imports consist of government and nongovernment
shipments of merchandise into the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival
from foreign countries of merchandise that immediately
entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign
Trade Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They
exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico,
and U.S. possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and
diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods
returned to the United States by its Armed Forces, and
in-transit shipments.
Table 1.5 Sources

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Foreign Trade Division:
Petroleum Exports
19741987: U.S. Exports, FT-410, December issues.
1988 and 1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, Final
Revisions.
Annual Revision.
20
Energy Exports and Imports

19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and
database printouts for adjustments.
1988: January-July, monthly FT-900 supplement, 1989 issues.
August-December, monthly FT-900, 1989 issues.
1989: Monthly FT-900, 1990 issues.
Annual Revision.
Petroleum, Energy, and Non-Energy Balances
Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Total Merchandise
19741987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and database
printouts for adjustments.
1988: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final
Revisions, August 18, 1989.
1989: Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989
Revisions, July 10, 1990.
1990: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report, May
10, 1991, and U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,
February 18, 1993, page 3.
1991: U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report, May
12, 1993.
Annual Revision.
2. Energy Consumption
by Sector
Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1973-2011
40
Industrial
30
Transportation
Residential
20
Commercial
10
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

4
3
Industrial
Transportation
Residential
Commercial
0
J
F M A M J
A S O N D
F M A M J
2010
J A S O N D
F M A M J
2011
J A S O N D
2012
By Sector, January 2012

5
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
4
3.249
2.619
2.327
2.122
1.659
2.129
1.797
1.005
0.561
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption.

Source: Table 2.1.
22
Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012
Electric Power
Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Residential
Primarye
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Totalf
Commerciala
Primarye
Totalf
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
8,225
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
R 7,467
7,033
6,413
6,775
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,211
6,993
6,909
R 6,168
R 6,598
6,817
6,619
14,897
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
19,504
18,965
18,955
19,557
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,110
21,093
21,626
R 20,688
R 21,531
21,596
21,064
4,423
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,273
4,295
4,005
4,053
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,283
4,232
4,051
R 3,747
3,922
4,073
4,061
9,543
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
15,172
15,681
15,968
16,376
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,343
17,659
R 17,857
R 17,711
18,255
18,381
17,899
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
R 1,142
R 2,691
R 985
R 2,250
R 737
R 1,887
R 439
R 1,347
R 328
R 1,385
R 268
R 1,659
R 240
R 1,889
R 232
R 1,855
R 237
R 1,494
R 343
R 1,331
1,751
1,585
R 1,465
1,306
1,409
1,501
1,545
1,546
1,390
1,364
1,450
1,760
R 18,073
Industrialb
Primarye
Totalf
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectorc,d
Primarye
Totalf
Primarye
Balancing
Itemg
Primary
Totalh
24,720
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
23,410
23,686
23,177
22,950
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,503
22,412
21,411
21,536
R 21,370
R 20,480
R 18,813
32,623
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,904
35,200
34,843
34,764
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,532
33,520
32,446
32,401
R 32,394
R 31,290
R 28,525
18,577
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
24,383
24,695
25,201
25,891
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,920
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,925
26,988
18,613
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
24,437
24,750
25,256
25,949
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,994
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,117
28,008
27,070
19,731
20,270
24,269
26,032
30,495
33,479
34,485
34,886
36,225
36,976
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,062
38,713
39,638
39,428
40,377
39,978
38,077
7
1
-1
-4
-9
3
4
6
-3
6
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
-1
(s)
(s)
75,684
71,965
78,067
76,392
84,485
91,029
94,022
94,602
95,018
96,652
98,814
96,168
97,645
97,978
100,162
R 100,282
R 99,629
R 101,296
R 99,275
R 94,558
1,701
2,190
2,004
2,290
2,280
2,349
2,320
2,404
2,399
2,291
2,326
2,220
2,306
27,380
2,198
2,011
2,297
2,286
2,356
2,327
2,411
2,405
2,297
2,332
2,227
2,313
27,461
3,483
3,073
3,007
2,754
3,163
3,610
3,933
3,916
3,305
2,941
2,943
3,487
39,616
4
1
-2
-4
-1
2
4
3
-1
-3
-3
1
(s)
R 9,137
1,758
R 1,634
1,622
R 1,618
1,628
1,716
1,680
1,653
1,680
1,811
R 20,109
2,494
2,371
2,563
2,445
R 2,537
2,528
R 2,541
2,642
2,521
2,491
2,532
2,688
R 30,353
R 97,745
2,227
2,048
2,303
2,248
2,310
2,313
2,321
2,356
2,237
2,263
2,180
2,260
27,066
3,505
3,024
3,088
2,921
3,139
R 3,550
R 4,035
R 3,907
3,251
R 2,983
2,935
R 3,233
R 39,570
R -1
R 9,386
R -4
R 8,167
R -5
R 8,405
R -4
(s)
R4
R2
R -2
R -4
R -5
R -4
R -26
7,575
7,640
7,966
R 8,412
R 8,422
R 7,596
R 7,599
R 7,776
R 8,619
R 97,563
2,129
3,249
-6
8,728
R 599
R 1,597
R 1,054
R 2,476
R 6,603
R 21,857
616
547
418
277
226
198
182
186
188
R 256
363
579
R 4,037
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
R 1,172
R 2,699
R 636
R 2,689
R 2,188
R 533
R 1,618
R 2,387
R 774
R 1,893
R 1,804
R 2,664
R 480
R 1,483
R 1,639
R 2,483
R 329
R 1,402
R 1,651
R 2,537
R 261
R 1,629
R 1,656
R 2,555
R 239
R 1,935
R 1,635
R 250
R 1,872
R 264
R 1,496
R 382
R 1,370
R 594
R 1,595
R 886
R 2,139
R 6,586
R 21,705
449
298
221
193
185
202
211
294
367
R 504
R 4,091
1,772
1,548
1,550
1,365
1,394
1,469
1,577
1,556
1,388
R 1,418
R 1,439
1,628
R 18,101
R 1,856
R 955
20,357
2,575
2,636
R 2,477
R 2,553
R 2,566
R 2,597
R 30,717
2,219
2,041
2,296
2,241
2,304
2,306
2,314
2,349
2,231
2,256
2,174
2,253
26,985
2012 January ..................
1,005
2,327
561
1,659
1,797
2,619
2,122
R 1,607
R 1,712
1,641
R 1,687
R 1,711
R 1,748
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS
22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to
the public.
d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy
consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note
2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.
R -3
R 8,217
R 8,209
R 7,381
R 7,686
R 8,016
R 8,390
R 8,452
R 7,700
R 7,515
R 7,803
R 9,237
g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use

sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However,
total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due
to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas.
h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of Section 7. See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end
of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption for
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.22.6.
23
Figure 2.2
Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

6
Natural Gas
5
4
Electricitya
3
2
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1.2
Natural Gas
0.9
0.6
Electricitya
0.3
Renewable
Energy
Petroleum
0.0
J
F M A M J
J A S O N D
F M A M J
2010
J A S O N D
F M A M J
2011
Total, January
J A S O N D
2012
3.0
2.691
2.699
Natural Gas
2.5
0.818
2.327
2.0
0.432
Electricitya
1.5
Petroleum
1.0
0.5
Renewable
Energy
0.135
0.052
0.0
2010
2011
2012
0.0
0.2
0.4
a
Electricity retail sales.
Source: Table 2.2.
24
0.6
0.8
1.0
Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumptiona
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesd
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossese
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
94
63
31
39
31
17
17
16
12
14
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
8
8
4,977
5,023
4,825
4,534
4,491
4,954
5,354
5,093
4,646
4,835
5,105
4,889
4,995
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
4,835
5,010
4,883
2,800
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,484
1,422
1,304
1,465
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,519
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,243
1,176
7,871
7,564
6,589
6,138
5,916
6,345
6,854
6,531
5,962
6,314
6,670
6,430
6,464
6,741
6,513
6,406
5,706
6,097
6,261
6,067
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
65
64
64
63
R 61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
354
425
850
1,010
580
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
R 380
R 410
450
430
354
425
850
1,010
641
591
612
502
452
461
489
438
448
470
481
504
R 462
R 502
R 557
552
8,225
7,990
7,439
7,148
6,557
6,936
R 7,467
7,033
6,413
6,775
7,159
6,868
6,912
7,211
6,993
6,909
R 6,168
R 6,598
6,817
6,619
1,976
2,007
2,448
2,709
3,153
3,557
3,694
3,671
3,856
3,906
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,708
4,656
4,696
4,817
5,866
6,184
7,235
8,026
8,344
8,261
8,686
8,875
9,197
9,074
9,562
9,546
9,691
10,079
9,909
10,182
10,071
9,789
14,897
14,813
15,753
16,041
16,945
18,519
19,504
18,965
18,955
19,557
20,425
20,042
20,791
21,110
21,093
21,626
R 20,688
R 21,531
21,596
21,064
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
1
(s)
1
1
1
7
953
812
592
320
201
137
114
109
120
206
456
865
4,883
140
128
96
72
78
83
78
74
70
88
96
140
1,142
1,094
941
689
392
280
221
192
183
190
294
552
1,006
6,032
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
37
R 10
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
R 10
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
36
32
36
35
36
35
36
36
35
36
35
36
420
R 48
R 44
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 1,142
R 985
R 737
R 439
R 328
R 268
R 240
R 232
R 237
R 343
R 599
R 1,054
R 6,603
503
419
381
300
324
435
528
526
425
330
318
444
4,933
1,045
846
768
608
734
956
1,121
1,097
831
658
680
978
10,322
R 2,691
R 2,250
R 1,887
R 1,347
R 1,385
R 1,659
R 1,889
R 1,855
R 1,494
R 1,331
R 1,597
R 2,476
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1
1
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
R (s)
R (s)
1
R6
991
790
620
355
212
136
114
112
124
234
440
702
4,830
129
118
102
73
64
74
73
86
89
96
104
131
1,139
1,120
908
722
429
277
211
188
198
214
330
544
834
5,976
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
R 40
R 140
R 37
R 430
R 610
R 1,172
R 955
R 774
R 480
R 329
R 261
R 239
R 250
R 264
R 382
R 594
R 886
R 6,586
494
412
358
321
334
430
528
524
419
323
318
396
4,858
1,033
R 821
760
683
R 739
939
R 1,167
R 1,098
813
665
683
R 857
R 10,261
R 21,705
2012 January ................
818
135
954
12
36
52
1,005
432
890
2,327
a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

b Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous
fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

d Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.
e Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total
R 114
R 12
R 11
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 37
R 33
R 37
35
R 37
35
R 37
R 37
35
R 37
35
R 571
R 52
R 47
R 52
R 50
R 52
R 50
R 52
R 52
R 50
R 52
R 50
R 52
R 21,857
R 2,699
R 2,188
R 1,893
R 1,483
R 1,402
R 1,629
R 1,935
R 1,872
R 1,496
R 1,370
R 1,595
R 2,139
electricity retail sales. See Note 2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
Notes: See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of
section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
25
Figure 2.3
Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

5
Electricitya
4
Natural Gas
3
2
1
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

0.6
0.5
Electricitya
0.4
0.3
0.2
Natural Gas
0.1
Petroleum
Renewable Energy
0.0
J
F M A M J
A S O N D
F M A M J
2010
A S O N D
F M A M J
2011
Total, January
A S O N D
2012
2.0
1.751
1.772
1.659
Natural Gas
0.458
1.5
0.359
Electricitya
1.0
Petroleum
0.087
0.5
Renewable
Energy
0.011
0.0
2010
2011
2012
0.0
0.1
0.2

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.
Source: Table 2.3.
.
26
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural
Gasc
Petroleumd
Total
HydroGeoSolar/
electric
PV
Powere thermal
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Salesf
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesg
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
160
147
115
137
124
117
122
129
93
103
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
69
63
2,649
2,558
2,651
2,488
2,682
3,096
3,226
3,285
3,083
3,115
3,252
3,097
3,212
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
3,085
3,228
3,187
1,607
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
790
743
702
707
807
790
726
827
809
761
663
649
651
682
4,416
4,051
4,084
3,708
3,798
3,982
4,138
4,157
3,878
3,925
4,150
3,984
4,028
4,170
4,113
3,932
3,629
3,805
3,948
3,932
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
7
8
21
24
94
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
R 103
R 103
109
112
7
8
21
24
98
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
R 120
R 118
118
125
129
4,423
4,059
4,105
3,732
3,896
4,101
4,273
4,295
4,005
4,053
4,278
4,084
4,132
4,283
4,232
4,051
R 3,747
3,922
4,073
4,061
1,517
1,598
1,906
2,351
2,860
3,252
3,344
3,503
3,678
3,766
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,558
4,460
3,604
3,835
4,567
5,368
6,564
7,338
7,555
7,883
8,285
8,557
8,942
8,990
9,104
8,969
9,229
9,455
9,529
9,773
9,749
9,378
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
7
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
58
509
450
344
220
164
132
123
129
135
189
292
477
3,164
89
81
58
43
46
51
44
41
39
52
56
85
685
605
538
407
266
214
187
171
175
178
245
353
568
3,907
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
8
9
9
10
9
9
R 10
9
9
9
9
R 111
11
10
11
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
11
R 130
616
547
418
277
226
198
182
186
188
R 256
363
579
R 4,037
369
344
347
340
362
407
436
441
406
370
346
369
4,539
766
693
699
689
821
895
927
920
795
738
741
812
9,497
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
7
6
6
4
4
4
3
3
3
R3
R4
R4
R 53
539
444
372
241
171
135
129
136
143
220
288
406
3,225
78
72
60
43
34
43
42
52
54
59
64
82
683
624
522
438
288
210
183
174
191
200
R 282
R 355
R 493
R 3,960
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
110
11
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
R 131
R 636
R 533
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
R 20
449
298
221
193
185
202
211
294
367
R 504
R 4,091
368
339
353
341
365
401
434
437
401
367
340
355
4,501
749
726
808
875
958
916
777
757
732
R 768
R 9,509
1,772
1,548
1,550
1,365
1,394
1,469
1,577
1,556
1,388
R 1,418
R 1,439
1,628
R 18,101
2012 January ................
458
87
550
(s)
(s)
(s)
11
561
359
740
1,659
R2

b Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components
and estimation.
d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels
are included in "Biomass."
f Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
g Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
769
R 676
9,543
9,492
10,578
11,451
13,320
14,690
15,172
15,681
15,968
16,376
17,175
17,137
17,345
17,343
17,659
R 17,857
R 17,711
18,255
18,381
17,899
1,751
1,585
R 1,465
1,306
1,409
1,501
1,545
1,546
1,390
1,364
1,450
1,760
R 18,073
section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion
Btu.
Notes: The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-andpower (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of
Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 1,
"Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is
the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
27
Figure 2.4
Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

12
Natural Gas
9
Petroleum
6
Electricitya
Coal
Renewable Energy
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

1.0
0.8
Natural Gas
Petroleum
0.6
0.4
Electricitya
Renewable Energy
0.2
Coal
0.0
J
F M A M J
J A S O N D
F M A M J
2010
J A S O N D
F M A M J
2011
Total, January
J A S O N D
2012
3.0
2.689
2.5
2.494
2.619
Natural
Gas
0.767
Petroleum
0.688
2.0
1.5
Electricitya
1.0
Renewable
Energy
0.268
0.199
0.5
Coal
0.141
0.0
2010
2011
2012
0.0
0.2
0.4
a
Source: Table 2.4.
28
0.6
0.8
1.0
Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Hydroelectric
GeoPowerf thermal
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleumd
Totale
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
4,057
3,667
3,155
2,760
2,756
2,488
2,434
2,395
2,335
2,227
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,796
1,396
10,388
8,532
8,333
7,032
8,451
9,592
9,901
9,933
9,763
9,375
9,500
8,676
8,832
8,488
8,550
7,907
7,861
8,074
8,083
7,609
9,083
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,586
9,019
9,255
9,082
9,356
9,075
9,178
9,168
9,197
9,825
9,633
9,770
9,451
8,511
7,816
23,521
20,339
20,962
17,492
19,463
20,727
21,377
21,629
21,248
21,016
20,896
20,075
20,079
19,777
20,559
19,538
19,606
19,414
18,431
16,797
35
32
33
33
31
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
2010 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
133
136
143
141
141
140
142
143
146
141
143
147
1,696
737
681
695
630
638
619
631
635
630
647
672
742
7,959
648
614
728
680
655
675
665
745
718
675
679
728
8,210
1,514
1,435
1,568
1,452
1,437
1,435
1,438
1,525
1,494
1,461
1,489
1,612
17,859
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
185
R 170
188
181
183
182
R 188
190
R 185
R 190
190
198
R 2,230
190
183
185
R 183
190
191
187
192
R 191
199
R 2,250
1,758
R 1,634
1,622
R 1,618
1,628
1,716
1,680
1,653
1,680
1,811
R 20,109
2011 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
R 145
R 141
R 147
R 133
R 138
R 137
742
604
738
643
645
680
651
709
658
675
677
642
8,064
R 1,657
R 1,440
R 1,612
R 1,454
R 1,464
R 1,464
1,441
1,519
1,453
R 1,497
R 1,517
R 1,543
R 18,062
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
18
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
197
176
190
182
185
190
192
191
R 187
R 189
192
202
R 2,273
R 199
R 178
192
188
190
R 194
204
R 2,295
R 1,856
R 1,618
R 1,804
R 1,639
R 1,651
R 1,656
R 1,635
R 1,712
R 1,666
769
695
725
678
679
646
657
668
656
685
705
758
8,321
2012 January ............
141
767
688
1,597
(s)
(s)
(s)
197
199
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
133
138
R 139
R 138
R 137
R 142
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4

b Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components
and estimation.
e Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See
Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
f Conventional hydroelectric power.
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
Solar/
PV
Wind
Biomass
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,165
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,969
1,996
1,872
1,882
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
R 1,936
R 2,028
R 1,994
1,200
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
2,033
2,057
1,929
1,934
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,726
1,853
1,873
1,930
R 1,956
R 2,049
R 2,016
Total
Primary
Elec- Electrical
tricity
System
Retail
Energy
Salesg Lossesh
Totale
24,720
21,434
22,595
19,443
21,180
22,719
23,410
23,686
23,177
22,950
22,824
21,794
21,799
21,503
22,412
21,411
21,536
R 21,370
R 20,480
R 18,813
2,341
2,346
2,781
2,855
3,226
3,455
3,527
3,542
3,587
3,611
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
3,130
5,562
5,632
6,664
6,518
7,404
7,796
7,968
7,972
8,079
8,203
8,208
7,526
7,484
7,575
7,635
7,557
7,415
7,517
7,365
6,582
32,623
29,413
32,039
28,816
31,810
33,971
34,904
35,200
34,843
34,764
34,664
32,720
32,662
32,532
33,520
32,446
32,401
R 32,394
R 31,290
R 28,525
187
1,701
R 172
R 1,607
258
253
267
268
280
284
292
300
284
280
272
274
3,313
535
511
538
542
635
625
621
626
556
558
580
604
6,932
2,494
2,371
2,563
2,445
R 2,537
2,528
R 2,541
2,642
2,521
2,491
2,532
2,688
R 30,353
563
512
585
574
611
617
R 647
626
551
583
584
581
R 7,031
R 2,689
R 2,387
R 2,664
R 2,483
R 2,537
R 2,555
1,641
R 1,687
R 1,711
R 1,748
20,357
270
257
276
270
275
282
293
299
284
283
271
268
3,329
R 30,717
1,797
268
554
2,619
192
R 185
187
192
R 194
2,575
2,636
R 2,477
R 2,553
R 2,566
R 2,597

section.
Btu.
Notes: The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power
Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. See Note 1, "Energy
Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum
of components due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption
for all available data beginning in 1973.
Sources: Tables 1.4a, 1.4b, 2.6, 3.8b, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
29
Figure 2.5
Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

30
25
Petroleum
20
15
10
Renewable
Energy
5
Natural Gas
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

3.0
2.5
Petroleum
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Renewable
Energy
Natural Gas
0.0
J
F M A M J J A S O N D
2010
F M A M J J
2011
Total, January
A S O N D
F M A M J J
2012
A S O N D
Total, Monthly
2.5
3.0
2.198
2.227
2.129
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
2010
2012
0.0
2010
2011
2012

Source: Table 2.5.
.
30
2011
Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable
Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Electricity
Retail
Salese
Electrical
System
Energy
Lossesf
Petroleumd
Total
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
743
595
650
519
680
724
737
780
666
675
672
658
699
627
602
624
625
663
692
715
17,832
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
22,955
23,565
23,813
24,422
25,098
25,682
25,412
25,913
26,063
26,925
27,309
27,651
27,763
26,407
25,339
18,577
18,210
19,659
19,992
22,306
23,679
24,302
24,593
25,088
25,774
26,354
26,070
26,612
26,690
27,527
27,933
28,276
28,427
27,099
26,054
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
81
102
113
118
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
826
934
18,577
18,210
19,659
20,041
22,366
23,791
24,383
24,695
25,201
25,891
26,489
26,213
26,781
26,920
27,817
28,272
28,751
29,029
27,925
26,988
11
10
11
14
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
27
25
24
27
32
37
38
38
38
38
40
42
43
42
51
54
56
54
60
56
56
18,613
18,245
19,697
20,088
22,420
23,846
24,437
24,750
25,256
25,949
26,548
26,275
26,842
26,994
27,895
28,353
28,830
29,117
28,008
27,070
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
84
74
64
50
48
49
54
56
48
49
59
81
716
2,025
1,851
2,141
2,142
2,209
2,179
2,256
2,250
2,153
2,184
2,072
2,132
25,595
2,109
1,926
2,205
2,193
2,257
2,228
2,310
2,306
2,202
2,233
2,131
2,213
26,310
81
79
85
88
92
92
94
93
89
93
90
93
1,070
2,190
2,004
2,290
2,280
2,349
2,320
2,404
2,399
2,291
2,326
2,220
2,306
27,380
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
55
2,198
2,011
2,297
2,286
2,356
2,327
2,411
2,405
2,297
2,332
2,227
2,313
27,461
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
86
73
67
55
51
50
57
57
50
53
61
75
735
2,048
1,884
2,137
2,096
2,156
2,156
2,163
2,187
2,085
2,104
2,017
2,076
25,110
2,133
1,957
2,204
2,152
2,207
2,207
2,220
2,244
2,135
2,157
2,077
2,151
25,845
86
84
92
90
96
100
94
106
96
99
97
102
1,141
2,219
2,041
2,296
2,241
2,304
2,306
2,314
2,349
2,231
2,256
2,174
2,253
26,985
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
26
5
4
5
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
55
2,227
2,048
2,303
2,248
2,310
2,313
2,321
2,356
2,237
2,263
2,180
2,260
27,066
2012 January ................
(g)
82
1,956
2,038
84
2,122
2,129
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
3
1
Natural Gasc
Total
Primary

b Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 3,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4.

e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,
f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric
Biomass
Total
section.
g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of
Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
31
Figure 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 1973-2011
Total, Monthly
50
40
30
20
10
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S OND
2010
2011
2012

2.4
24
20
Coal
Coal
1.8
16
Renewable
Energy
12
8
Natural Gas
1.2
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Nuclear Electric
Power
Natural
Gas
0.6
4
Petroleum
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
0.0
J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S O ND J F MA M J J A S O ND
2010
Total, January
2011
2012
4
3.483
Coal
3.505
1.377
3.249
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Natural
Gas
0.757
0.663
Renewable
Energy
0.420
Petroleum 0.021
0
2010
2011
2012
0.0
0.5

Source: Table 2.6.
.
32
1.0
1.5
2.0
Table 2.6
Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energyb
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural
Gasc
Petroleum
Total
1973 Total ......................

1975 Total ......................
1980 Total ......................
1985 Total ......................
1990 Totale ....................
1995 Total ......................
1996 Total ......................
1997 Total ......................
1998 Total ......................
1999 Total ......................
2000 Total ......................
2001 Total ......................
2002 Total ......................
2003 Total ......................
2004 Total ......................
2005 Total ......................
2006 Total ......................
2007 Total ......................
2008 Total ......................
2009 Total ......................
8,658
8,786
12,123
14,542
16,261
17,466
18,429
18,905
19,216
19,279
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
18,225
3,748
3,240
3,778
3,135
3,309
4,302
3,862
4,126
4,675
4,902
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
7,022
3,515
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
15,921
15,191
18,534
18,767
20,859
22,523
23,109
23,957
25,197
25,393
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
27,810
25,638
910
1,900
2,739
4,076
6,104
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,959
8,222
8,161
8,215
8,455
8,427
8,356
2,827
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
20
34
53
97
161
138
148
150
151
152
144
142
147
148
148
147
145
145
146
146
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
721
3
2
4
14
317
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
2,851
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
4,153
4,216
3,872
3,874
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,445
3,340
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
49
21
71
140
8
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
85
63
107
112
116
19,731
20,270
24,269
26,032
30,495
33,479
34,485
34,886
36,225
36,976
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,062
38,713
39,638
39,428
40,377
39,978
38,077
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,774
1,567
1,493
1,311
1,483
1,707
1,854
1,848
1,553
1,382
1,422
1,730
19,123
557
489
466
480
570
719
914
961
709
581
506
575
7,527
45
23
25
23
31
41
46
37
28
22
21
36
378
2,376
2,079
1,983
1,814
2,083
2,467
2,814
2,846
2,290
1,985
1,949
2,340
27,028
758
682
676
602
697
714
752
748
725
656
655
770
8,434
217
199
202
184
243
290
238
195
168
171
190
225
2,521
13
11
13
12
13
12
12
13
12
12
12
13
148
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
(s)
12
67
53
84
95
85
79
66
65
69
77
95
88
923
39
36
39
36
36
39
40
41
38
37
39
41
459
335
300
338
329
378
421
358
315
288
298
337
367
4,064
14
12
10
9
5
9
10
6
2
1
3
9
89
3,483
3,073
3,007
2,754
3,163
3,610
3,933
3,916
3,305
2,941
2,943
3,487
39,616
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
1,759
1,435
1,412
1,309
1,434
1,642
1,838
1,798
1,493
1,355
1,305
1,431
18,211
R 552
R 2,344
589
718
R 959
R 940
699
589
R 553
624
R 7,740
33
23
26
23
22
25
31
25
22
19
17
20
288
R 26,239
760
677
686
570
596
682
756
746
699
662
674
751
8,259
254
239
308
307
321
313
307
256
209
194
207
239
3,153
14
13
14
13
14
13
13
13
13
14
13
14
163
(s)
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
18
84
103
103
121
113
106
72
72
67
104
120
102
1,168
38
35
38
33
35
38
40
39
37
36
36
39
444
391
390
463
476
486
473
434
383
327
349
377
396
4,945
9
8
8
7
12
11
16
16
10
10
8
12
127
3,505
3,024
3,088
2,921
3,139
R 3,550
R 4,035
R 3,907
3,251
R 2,983
2,935
R 3,233
R 39,570
2012 January ..................
1,377
663
21
2,062
757
232
14
135
38
420
11
3,249
R 491
R 491
R 535
1,949
R 1,929
R 1,867
2,045
R 2,384
R 2,828
R 2,763
R 2,214
R 1,963
1,876
R 2,075

b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.

d Conventional hydroelectric power.
e Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal
Hydroelectric
Powerd
Geothermal
Solar/
PV
Electricity
Net
Imports
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Wind
Biomass
Total
Total
Primary
output.
The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See
Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: Tables 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
33

Note 1. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. Most
of the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review
(MER) are developed from a group of energy-related
surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Supply
surveys are directed to suppliers and marketers of specific
energy sources. They measure the quantities of specific
energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the
market, or both. The data obtained from EIA's supply
surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption
statistics published in this section (and in Section 1) of the
MER.
Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be
aware of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically
called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather
information on the types of energy consumed by end users
of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users
that can be associated with energy use. For example, the
Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to the
consumption survey group because it collects information
directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments).
There are important differences between the supply and
consumption surveys that need to be taken into account in
any analysis that uses both data sources. For information on
34
those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use

Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and
Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, U.S. Energy Information
Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990.
Note 2. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical
system energy losses are calculated as the difference
between total primary consumption by the electric power
sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these
losses occur at steam-electric power plants (conventional
and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle.
Part of the energy input-to-output losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric and
other energy sources, since there is no generally accepted
practice for measuring those thermal conversion rates. In
addition to conversion losses, other losses include power
plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from power plants to end-use consumers (also called
"line losses"), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses
are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each
sector's share of total electricity sales. Overall, about two
thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion. Currently,
of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in
plant use and 7 percent is lost in transmission and
distribution.
3. Petroleum
Figure 3.1
Petroleum Overview
(Million Barrels per Day)
Overview, January-March
25
2010
2011
2012
20
19.1
18.9
18.3
15
9.4
10
7.5
7.6
8.7
8.2
7.9
0
Total Field Production
Net Imports
Overview, 1973-2011
Products Supplied
Total Field Production, 1973-2011
25
12
Total
10
20
Crude Oilb
Products Supplied
8
15
6
Total Field Productiona
10
4
5
0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Crude Oilb Field Production, 1973-2011
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total Field Production,a Monthly

10
12
10
8
Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Net Imports
8
48 Statesc
6
4
4
2
Alaska
2010
2012
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
a
Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas plant liquids field
production.
b
Includes lease condensate.
36
2011
United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Source: Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Petroleum Overview
(Thousand Barrels per Day)
Field Productiona
Trade
Crude Oilb
Renewable
Fuels
and Oxygenatesf
Processing
Gaing
48
Statesc
Alaska
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
9,010
8,183
6,980
7,146
5,582
5,076
5,071
5,156
5,077
4,832
4,851
4,839
4,761
4,706
4,510
4,314
4,361
4,342
4,268
4,715
198
191
1,617
1,825
1,773
1,484
1,393
1,296
1,175
1,050
970
963
984
974
908
864
741
722
683
645
9,208
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
4,950
5,361
1,738
1,633
1,573
1,609
1,559
1,762
1,830
1,817
1,759
1,850
1,911
1,868
1,880
1,719
1,809
1,717
1,739
1,783
1,784
1,910
10,946
10,007
10,170
10,581
8,914
8,322
8,295
8,269
8,011
7,731
7,733
7,670
7,626
7,400
7,228
6,895
6,841
6,847
6,734
7,270
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
746
453
460
597
557
683
774
837
850
886
886
948
903
957
974
1,051
989
994
996
993
979
6,256
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
R 4,775
R 4,920
R 4,863
R 4,731
R 4,829
R 4,845
R 4,754
R 4,905
R 4,987
R 4,986
R 4,964
R 4,996
R 4,879
640
635
646
640
R 571
R 534
545
538
614
618
606
R 632
R 601
R 5,416
R 5,556
R 5,510
R 5,371
R 5,400
R 5,379
R 5,299
R 5,444
R 5,601
R 5,605
R 5,570
R 5,628
R 5,481
2,017
2,043
2,076
2,061
2,091
2,046
1,994
2,071
2,104
2,125
2,136
2,124
2,074
R 7,433
R 7,599
R 7,586
R 7,432
R 7,491
R 7,425
R 7,293
R 7,514
R 7,705
R 7,730
R 7,706
R 7,753
R 7,555
846
874
895
878
893
905
906
911
915
924
967
961
907
961
1,060
1,064
1,028
1,069
1,085
1,109
1,123
1,062
1,012
1,051
1,187
1,068
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
RE 5,050
RE 4,825
RE 5,004
RE 4,950
RE 5,044
RE 5,034
RE 4,989
RE 5,116
RE 4,994
RE 5,281
RE 5,365
RE 5,362
RE 5,087
RE 479
E 611
RE 631
E 606
RE 601
E 553
RE 468
RE 544
E 585
RE 585
E 593
E 611
RE 572
RE 5,529
RE 5,436
RE 5,636
RE 5,556
RE 5,645
RE 5,588
RE 5,457
RE 5,660
RE 5,579
RE 5,866
RE 5,958
RE 5,973
RE 5,659
2,022
1,920
2,168
2,157
2,222
2,176
2,193
2,201
2,145
2,274
2,342
2,351
2,183
RE 7,551
RE 7,356
RE 7,803
RE 7,713
RE 7,867
RE 7,764
RE 7,650
RE 7,860
RE 7,724
RE 8,140
RE 8,300
RE 8,324
RE 7,841
957
941
956
941
934
945
936
958
937
944
992
1,003
954
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
3-Month Average ...
RE 5,482
E 5,231
E 5,324
E 5,348
RE 612
E 580
E 565
E 586
RE 6,094
E 5,811
E 5,889
E 5,934
R 2,376
E 2,344
E 2,167
E 2,294
RE 8,469
E 8,155
E 8,056
E 8,228
2011 3-Month Average ...

E 4,964
E 573
E 5,537
641
5,492
2,040
2,045
E 7,577
4,851
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Total
NGPLd,e
Total
7,537
a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum
gases, pentanes plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products)
production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously
classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending
components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in
"Adjustments."
b Includes lease condensate.
c United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
d Natural gas plant liquids.
e See Note 6, Petroleum Data Discrepancies, at end of section.
f Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.
g Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs.
See Table 3.2.
h Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b.
i Net imports equal imports minus exports.
j A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change
from the previous months estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table
3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes
distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4. Also
see Note 4, Petroleum New Stock Basis, at end of section.
k An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other
hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and
Importsh
Exportse
Petroleum
Products
Supplied
Net
Importsi
Stock
Changej
Adjustmentsk
231
209
544
781
857
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
6,025
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
135
32
140
-103
107
-246
-151
143
239
-422
-69
325
-105
56
209
145
60
-148
195
109
18
41
64
200
338
496
528
487
495
567
532
501
527
478
564
513
522
653
852
218
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
11,300
11,230
11,621
12,526
12,141
12,444
12,675
12,356
11,823
11,142
11,096
11,132
11,793
1,897
2,034
2,149
2,432
2,399
2,304
2,516
2,410
2,345
2,480
2,598
2,644
2,353
9,404
9,197
9,472
10,093
9,742
10,140
10,159
9,946
9,478
8,662
8,498
8,488
9,441
309
-46
77
762
661
373
440
214
-23
-451
-667
-1,068
49
R 317
R 75
R 159
R 375
R 332
R 354
R 293
R 381
R 256
R 194
R 88
R 265
R 259
18,652
18,850
19,099
19,044
18,866
19,537
19,319
19,662
19,438
18,974
18,977
19,722
19,180
1,067
980
1,027
1,001
1,083
1,101
1,125
1,132
1,132
1,106
1,117
1,135
1,085
11,954
10,503
11,593
11,592
11,669
11,794
11,667
11,145
11,209
10,994
11,166
10,957
11,360
2,687
2,575
2,660
2,903
2,642
2,607
2,919
3,071
3,158
3,104
3,182
3,549
2,924
9,266
7,929
8,933
8,689
9,028
9,187
8,748
8,074
8,051
7,890
7,985
7,407
8,436
318
-1,069
-126
218
926
96
399
-623
-659
-359
65
-654
-115
R 598
R 594
R 402
R 487
R 377
R 376
R 496
R 506
R 293
R 124
R 406
R 215
R 405
19,121
18,869
19,248
18,613
18,363
19,277
18,555
19,153
18,795
18,563
18,734
18,738
18,835
R 966
E 980
E 969
E 972
R 1,053
E 1,077
E 1,060
E 1,063
R 10,944
E 10,785
E 10,805
E 10,846
R 2,839
E 3,125
E 2,843
E 2,932
R 8,104
E 7,659
E 7,962
E 7,914
R 635
E 394
E 467
E 501
R 310
E 811
E 634
E 580
R 18,268
E 18,288
E 18,214
E 18,256
952
872
1,026
1,027
11,378
11,389
2,643
2,026
8,736
9,363
-267
119
529
187
19,087
18,867
distillate fuel oil. See U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum
Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM Explanatory Notes," for further information.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Web Pages:
For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum. For related information,
see http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/.
Sources: 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum
Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports.
1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual reports. 2010: EIA,
PSA, annual report; and revisions to crude oil production, total field production, and
adjustments
at
EIAs
Petroleum
Navigator
see
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_snd_d_nus_mbblpd_m_cur.htm
and
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_k_m.htm. 2011 and 2012: EIA,
Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; revisions to crude oil production, total
field production, and adjustments at EIAs Petroleum Navigatorsee
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_snd_d_nus_mbblpd_m_cur.htm
and
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_k_m.htm; and, for the current two
months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy Review
data system calculations.
37
Figure 3.2
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

Net Inputs and Net Production, 1973-2011
Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly

25
20
Total Net Production
Total Net Production
20
15
10
15
Total
Net
Inputs
Crude Oil Net Inputsa
Crude Oil Net Inputsa

Total
Net
Inputs
10
5
Other Net Inputs
Other Net Inputsb
J F MA M J J A SOND J F MA M J J A SOND J F MA M J J A SOND
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
Net Production, Selected Products, 1973-2011
2011
2012
Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly

10
10
Motor Gasolinec
Motor Gasolinec
Distillate Fuel Oild
Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil
Jet Fuele
Residual Fuel Oil
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
2011
2012
Net Production, Selected Products

10
8.9
8.8
March 2010
8.7
March 2011
March 2012
6
4.3
3.8
4.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
0.6
0
Motor Gasoline c
a
Distillate Fuel Oil

Natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.
c
Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
b
38
Jet Fuel
0.5
0.6
Residual Fuel Oil
0.6
0.5
0.5
Propane f
Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.

Includes propylene.
Source: Table 3.2.
f
Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production
Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa
Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

LPGc
Crude
Oild
Other
Liquidsf
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oilg
Jet
Fuelh
NGPLe
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
12,431
12,442
13,481
12,002
13,409
13,973
14,195
14,662
14,889
14,804
15,067
15,128
14,947
15,304
15,475
15,220
15,242
15,156
14,648
14,336
815
710
462
509
467
471
450
416
403
372
380
429
429
419
422
441
501
505
485
485
155
72
81
681
713
775
843
832
853
927
849
825
941
791
866
1,149
1,238
1,337
2,019
2,082
13,401
13,225
14,025
13,192
14,589
15,220
15,487
15,909
16,144
16,103
16,295
16,382
16,316
16,513
16,762
16,811
16,981
16,999
17,153
16,904
2,820
2,653
2,661
2,686
2,925
3,155
3,316
3,392
3,424
3,399
3,580
3,695
3,592
3,707
3,814
3,954
4,040
4,133
4,294
4,048
859
871
999
1,189
1,488
1,416
1,515
1,554
1,526
1,565
1,606
1,530
1,514
1,488
1,547
1,546
1,481
1,448
1,493
1,396
271
234
269
295
404
503
520
565
550
569
583
556
572
570
584
540
543
562
519
537
375
311
330
391
499
654
662
691
674
684
705
667
671
658
645
573
627
655
630
623
6,527
6,518
6,492
6,419
6,959
7,459
7,565
7,743
7,892
7,934
7,951
8,022
8,183
8,194
8,265
8,318
8,364
8,358
8,548
8,786
971
1,235
1,580
882
950
788
726
708
762
698
696
721
601
660
655
628
635
673
620
598
2,301
2,097
2,559
2,183
2,452
2,522
2,541
2,671
2,753
2,709
2,705
2,651
2,712
2,780
2,887
2,782
2,827
2,728
2,561
2,431
13,854
13,685
14,622
13,750
15,272
15,994
16,324
16,759
17,030
16,989
17,243
17,285
17,273
17,487
17,814
17,800
17,975
17,994
18,146
17,882
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
13,666
13,950
14,314
15,131
15,215
15,382
15,519
15,110
14,740
14,000
14,637
14,976
14,724
503
402
413
374
399
397
384
390
443
504
531
563
442
1,501
1,654
2,166
2,135
2,348
2,349
2,595
2,607
2,294
2,517
2,223
2,185
2,219
15,670
16,005
16,893
17,640
17,963
18,127
18,498
18,107
17,477
17,021
17,391
17,724
17,385
3,551
3,658
3,835
4,156
4,375
4,408
4,425
4,404
4,341
4,315
4,503
4,670
4,223
1,338
1,340
1,379
1,470
1,449
1,495
1,542
1,463
1,404
1,317
1,394
1,417
1,418
531
562
575
585
571
572
574
552
551
526
543
572
560
480
540
726
850
857
870
860
778
614
501
390
430
659
8,348
8,510
8,913
9,062
9,113
9,211
9,500
9,426
9,143
9,049
9,134
9,252
9,059
633
632
581
598
615
559
576
554
588
528
564
595
585
2,281
2,385
2,523
2,531
2,622
2,670
2,704
2,605
2,449
2,323
2,457
2,547
2,509
16,631
17,065
17,957
18,668
19,031
19,212
19,607
19,230
18,539
18,033
18,442
18,911
18,452
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
14,446
13,745
14,453
14,302
14,776
15,365
15,617
15,592
15,269
14,543
14,958
14,841
14,833
543
517
454
452
427
443
417
437
494
524
597
566
489
1,732
2,229
2,183
2,494
2,457
2,440
2,247
2,353
2,092
2,252
2,110
2,263
2,237
16,721
16,491
17,090
17,248
17,660
18,248
18,281
18,382
17,855
17,318
17,665
17,670
17,559
4,305
4,032
4,284
4,187
4,277
4,469
4,655
4,667
4,574
4,534
4,903
4,919
4,487
1,362
1,298
1,435
1,422
1,483
1,568
1,550
1,543
1,553
1,375
1,341
1,449
1,449
560
513
525
540
561
566
557
550
569
541
564
566
551
439
490
632
773
805
840
814
784
608
494
384
372
620
8,671
8,793
8,824
8,931
9,142
9,286
9,165
9,265
9,132
8,953
9,125
9,118
9,035
552
529
519
535
557
553
562
604
516
529
516
482
538
2,459
2,329
2,424
2,402
2,477
2,632
2,659
2,652
2,604
2,540
2,512
2,464
2,514
17,788
17,471
18,117
18,249
18,742
19,349
19,405
19,514
18,987
18,425
18,781
18,805
18,643
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
3-Month Average .....
R 14,415
E 14,684
E 14,500
E 14,530
R 513
RF 474
F 448
E 479
R 1,633
RE 1,736
E 2,112
E 1,829
R 16,561
RF 16,894
F 17,060
E 16,837
R 4,498
E 4,314
E 4,252
E 4,355
R 1,437
E 1,397
E 1,385
E 1,406
R 518
RE 556
E 494
E 522
R 414
F 496
F 653
E 522
R 8,427
E 8,665
E 8,668
E 8,585
R 495
E 556
E 554
E 534
R 2,343
RE 2,544
E 2,608
E 2,497
R 17,613
RE 17,971
E 18,120
E 17,900
2011 3-Month Average .....

14,230
13,978
505
441
2,042
1,778
16,777
16,196
4,213
3,682
1,367
1,353
533
556
522
583
8,762
8,593
534
615
2,406
2,397
17,803
17,223
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
a
b
c
d
e
f
See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs," in Glossary.

See "Refinery and Blender Net Production," in Glossary.
Liquefied petroleum gases.
Natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus).
Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981,
also includes aviation and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in
1993, also includes oxygenates (net), including fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009,
also includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel).
g Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
blended into distillate fuel oil.
h Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in
2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in
"Other Products."
i Includes propylene.
j Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol
blended into motor gasoline.
Propanei
Total
Motor
Residual
Other
Gasolinej Fuel Oil Productsk
Total
k Asphalt and road oil, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast.
Web Pages:

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual
reports. 1981-2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2011
and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current
two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated
Forecasting System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
39
Figure 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Overview, January 2012
Million Barrels per Day
25
20
18.3
15
10.9
10
8.1
4.2
2.8
2.2
0
Imports From
Persian Gulf
Imports From
OPEC
Total
Imports
Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf

as Share of Total Imports, 1973-2011
Exports
Net
Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf

as Share of Total Imports, January
60
80
OPEC
OPEC
39.9%
(2011)
Persian Gulf
16.4%
(2011)
47.8%
(1973)
40
20
40
Persian Gulf
40.8
40.3
38.4
Percent
60
Percent
Products
Supplied
Imports
20.2
20
14.4
13.8
13.6%
(1973)
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied,

1973-2011
2010
2011
2012
Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied,

January-March
75
75
44.8%
(2011)
25
50
49.6
45.8
Percent
Percent
50
34.8%
(1973)
27.3%
(1985)
25
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
2011
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum .
Source: Table 3.3a.
40
43.4
2012
Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

As Share of
Products Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
Products
Supplied
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Imports
Thousand Barrels per Day

1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
As Share of
Total Imports
Net
Imports
Imports
From
Persian
Gulfa
Imports
From
OPECb
Percent
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
848
1,165
1,519
311
1,966
1,573
1,604
1,755
2,136
2,464
2,488
2,761
2,269
2,501
2,493
2,334
2,211
2,163
2,370
1,689
2,993
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
4,211
4,569
4,905
4,953
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
6,256
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
231
209
544
781
857
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
6,025
5,846
6,365
4,286
7,161
7,886
8,498
9,158
9,764
9,912
10,419
10,900
10,546
11,238
12,097
12,549
12,390
12,036
11,114
9,667
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
4.9
7.1
8.9
2.0
11.6
8.9
8.8
9.4
11.3
12.6
12.6
14.1
11.5
12.5
12.0
11.2
10.7
10.5
12.2
9.0
17.3
22.1
25.2
11.6
25.3
22.6
23.0
24.5
25.9
25.4
26.4
28.1
23.3
25.8
27.5
26.9
26.7
28.9
30.5
25.4
36.1
37.1
40.5
32.2
47.2
49.8
51.8
54.6
56.6
55.6
58.2
60.4
58.3
61.2
63.4
65.9
66.3
65.1
66.2
62.3
34.8
35.8
37.3
27.3
42.2
44.5
46.4
49.2
51.6
50.8
52.9
55.5
53.4
56.1
58.4
60.3
59.9
58.2
57.0
51.5
13.6
19.2
22.0
6.1
24.5
17.8
16.9
17.3
19.9
22.7
21.7
23.3
19.7
20.4
19.0
17.0
16.1
16.1
18.4
14.4
47.8
59.5
62.2
36.1
53.6
45.3
44.4
45.0
45.8
45.6
45.4
46.6
39.9
42.1
43.4
40.7
40.2
44.4
46.1
40.9
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,563
1,666
1,842
2,026
1,724
1,972
1,679
1,663
1,698
1,490
1,662
1,564
1,711
4,554
4,659
5,084
5,376
5,055
5,297
5,178
5,117
5,111
4,305
4,525
4,614
4,906
11,300
11,230
11,621
12,526
12,141
12,444
12,675
12,356
11,823
11,142
11,096
11,132
11,793
1,897
2,034
2,149
2,432
2,399
2,304
2,516
2,410
2,345
2,480
2,598
2,644
2,353
9,404
9,197
9,472
10,093
9,742
10,140
10,159
9,946
9,478
8,662
8,498
8,488
9,441
18,652
18,850
19,099
19,044
18,866
19,537
19,319
19,662
19,438
18,974
18,977
19,722
19,180
8.4
8.8
9.6
10.6
9.1
10.1
8.7
8.5
8.7
7.9
8.8
7.9
8.9
24.4
24.7
26.6
28.2
26.8
27.1
26.8
26.0
26.3
22.7
23.8
23.4
25.6
60.6
59.6
60.8
65.8
64.4
63.7
65.6
62.8
60.8
58.7
58.5
56.4
61.5
50.4
48.8
49.6
53.0
51.6
51.9
52.6
50.6
48.8
45.7
44.8
43.0
49.2
13.8
14.8
15.9
16.2
14.2
15.8
13.2
13.5
14.4
13.4
15.0
14.0
14.5
40.3
41.5
43.7
42.9
41.6
42.6
40.8
41.4
43.2
38.6
40.8
41.4
41.6
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,719
1,495
1,651
1,704
1,829
2,033
2,167
1,910
2,039
1,904
1,944
1,921
1,862
4,872
4,504
4,588
4,509
4,572
4,883
4,928
4,648
4,326
4,267
4,219
4,085
4,534
11,954
10,503
11,593
11,592
11,669
11,794
11,667
11,145
11,209
10,994
11,166
10,957
11,360
2,687
2,575
2,660
2,903
2,642
2,607
2,919
3,071
3,158
3,104
3,182
3,549
2,924
9,266
7,929
8,933
8,689
9,028
9,187
8,748
8,074
8,051
7,890
7,985
7,407
8,436
19,121
18,869
19,248
18,613
18,363
19,277
18,555
19,153
18,795
18,563
18,734
18,738
18,835
9.0
7.9
8.6
9.2
10.0
10.5
11.7
10.0
10.8
10.3
10.4
10.3
9.9
25.5
23.9
23.8
24.2
24.9
25.3
26.6
24.3
23.0
23.0
22.5
21.8
24.1
62.5
55.7
60.2
62.3
63.5
61.2
62.9
58.2
59.6
59.2
59.6
58.5
60.3
48.5
42.0
46.4
46.7
49.2
47.7
47.1
42.2
42.8
42.5
42.6
39.5
44.8
14.4
14.2
14.2
14.7
15.7
17.2
18.6
17.1
18.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
16.4
40.8
42.9
39.6
38.9
39.2
41.4
42.2
41.7
38.6
38.8
37.8
37.3
39.9
2012 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
3-Month Average .....
R 2,208
R 4,203
R 10,944
R 2,839
R 8,104
R 18,268
R 12.1
R 23.0
R 59.9
R 44.4
R 20.2
R 38.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
E 10,785
E 3,125
E 7,659
E 18,288
E 59.0
E 41.9
E 10,805
E 2,843
E 7,962
E 18,214
E 59.3
E 43.7
E 10,846
E 2,932
E 7,914
E 18,256
E 59.4
E 43.4

1,626
1,691
4,660
4,769
11,378
11,389
2,643
2,026
8,736
9,363
19,087
18,867
59.6
60.4
45.8
49.6
a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and
the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).
b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data.
Notes: Readers of this table may be interested in a feature article, "Measuring
Dependence on Imported Oil," that was published in the August 1995 Monthly
Energy
Review.
See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/historical/imported_oil.pdf.
Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports.
See Table 3.3b. Annual averages may not equal average of months due to
independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.5
9.0
24.4
25.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
14.3
14.8
41.0
41.9
District of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports
include receipts from U.S. territories.
Web Pages:

two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy
Review data system calculations.
41
Figure 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports

Overview, 1973-2011
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products,

January-March
10
15
8.9
8.7
2010
8.8
2011
2012
8
Total
10
6
Crude Oil
2.7
2.5
2.0
2
Petroleum Products
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
OPEC and Non-OPEC, 1973-2011
Crude Oil
Petroleum Products
OPEC and Non-OPEC

10
10
January 2010
January 2011
January 2012
8
Non-OPEC
6.7
7.1
6.7
4.6
4.2
OPEC
4.9
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
From Selected OPEC Countries, January 2012
OPEC
Non-OPEC
From Selected Non-OPEC Countries,

January 2012
3.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.008
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.423
1.5
1.114
1.0
1.0
0.750
0.504
0.5
0.390
0.370
Iraq
Angola
0.0
0.572
0.5
0.321
0.0
Saudi
Arabia
Venezuela
Nigeria
Canada
Mexico
Russia
Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum.
Sources: Tables 3.3b3.3d.
42
0.431
Colombia
Brazil
Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type

Imports
Crude Oila
SPRc,d
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
Total
Exports
LPGb
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Jet
Fuele
Propanef
Total
Motor
Residual
Gasolineg Fuel Oil Otherh
Total
Crude Petroleum
Oila
Products
Total
44
118
27
8
8
11
16
77
52
8
7
19
56
3,244
4,105
5,263
3,201
5,894
7,230
7,508
8,225
8,706
8,731
9,071
9,328
9,140
9,665
10,088
10,126
10,118
10,031
9,783
9,013
392
155
142
200
278
193
230
228
210
250
295
344
267
333
325
329
365
304
213
225
212
133
80
39
108
106
111
91
124
128
162
148
107
109
127
190
186
217
103
81
71
60
69
67
115
102
119
113
137
122
161
145
145
168
209
233
228
182
185
147
132
112
216
187
188
146
166
169
194
182
215
206
183
225
263
328
332
247
253
182
134
184
140
381
342
265
336
309
311
382
427
454
498
518
496
603
475
413
302
223
1,853
1,223
939
510
504
187
248
194
275
237
352
295
249
327
426
530
350
372
349
331
290
144
130
550
705
708
879
945
888
943
938
1,095
1,085
1,087
1,419
1,609
1,881
1,885
1,913
1,635
6,256
6,056
6,909
5,067
8,018
8,835
9,478
10,162
10,708
10,852
11,459
11,871
11,530
12,264
13,145
13,714
13,707
13,468
12,915
11,691
2
6
287
204
109
95
110
108
110
118
50
20
9
12
27
32
25
27
29
44
229
204
258
577
748
855
871
896
835
822
990
951
975
1,014
1,021
1,133
1,292
1,405
1,773
1,980
231
209
544
781
857
949
981
1,003
945
940
1,040
971
984
1,027
1,048
1,165
1,317
1,433
1,802
2,024
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
8,492
8,761
9,341
9,726
9,655
9,927
9,932
9,543
9,229
8,540
8,699
8,695
9,213
462
293
179
220
189
237
170
246
189
163
178
219
228
131
75
79
88
81
114
113
103
122
94
101
73
98
192
217
137
79
82
73
56
62
85
131
132
214
121
225
242
155
102
108
113
104
107
124
165
165
231
153
179
196
120
178
107
163
114
129
130
86
117
99
134
376
382
376
480
404
283
400
330
367
337
345
315
366
1,435
1,282
1,370
1,732
1,599
1,607
1,841
1,899
1,662
1,758
1,491
1,501
1,600
11,300
11,230
11,621
12,526
12,141
12,444
12,675
12,356
11,823
11,142
11,096
11,132
11,793
33
58
45
37
36
31
69
36
61
23
32
40
42
1,864
1,976
2,104
2,396
2,363
2,273
2,447
2,374
2,283
2,457
2,567
2,604
2,311
1,897
2,034
2,149
2,432
2,399
2,304
2,516
2,410
2,345
2,480
2,598
2,644
2,353
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
9,069
8,013
9,033
8,715
8,988
9,247
9,310
9,021
9,006
9,029
8,826
8,716
8,921
326
206
190
186
167
126
153
148
177
127
133
174
176
65
68
65
80
91
82
95
66
58
61
72
21
69
172
172
136
94
73
58
61
72
107
93
107
149
108
204
199
165
113
100
85
84
100
130
116
127
174
133
103
119
135
138
137
130
92
106
99
66
74
60
105
456
428
468
519
299
371
246
229
276
282
340
333
353
1,733
1,471
1,538
1,842
1,887
1,753
1,686
1,474
1,463
1,314
1,594
1,478
1,603
11,954
10,503
11,593
11,592
11,669
11,794
11,667
11,145
11,209
10,994
11,166
10,957
11,360
72
30
36
41
37
36
73
34
35
51
64
53
47
2,616
2,544
2,623
2,862
2,605
2,571
2,846
3,037
3,123
3,054
3,118
3,496
2,877
2,687
2,575
2,660
2,903
2,642
2,607
2,919
3,071
3,158
3,104
3,182
3,549
2,924
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
3-Month Average
R 8,572
E 8,908
E 8,956
E 8,810
R 156
E 157
E 169
E 161
R6
E 48
E 17
E 23
R 145
E 133
E 111
E 130
R 168
R 99
E 59
E 82
E 81
R 305
E 213
E 254
E 258
R 1,637
NA
NA
NA
R 10,944
E 10,785
E 10,805
E 10,846
R 56
E 37
E 38
E 44
R 2,783
E 3,088
E 2,805
E 2,888
R 2,839
E 3,125
E 2,843
E 2,932
2011 3-Month Average

2010 3-Month Average
8,728
8,868
242
312
66
96
160
181
189
206
119
164
451
378
1,584
1,365
11,378
11,389
47
45
2,596
1,982
2,643
2,026
a Includes lease condensate.

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes
crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others.
d See Note 6, "Petroleum Data Discrepancies," at end of section.
e Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in
"Other."
f Includes propylene.
g Finished motor gasoline.
Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline
blending components.
h Asphalt and road oil, finished aviation gasoline, gasoline blending
components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,
petroleum coke, special naphthas, unfinished oils, waxes, other hydrocarbons and
oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 2005, also includes
NA
NA
NA
naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. =No data
reported.
Web Pages:

two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy
Review data system calculations.
43
Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries

Algeria
Angolaa
Ecuadorb
Iraq
Kuwaitc
Libya
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabiac
Venezuela
Otherd
Total
OPEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
136
282
488
187
280
234
256
285
290
259
225
278
264
382
452
478
657
670
548
493
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
508
513
460
48
57
27
67
49
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
221
185
4
2
28
46
518
0
1
89
336
725
620
795
459
481
656
531
553
484
627
450
47
16
27
21
86
218
236
253
301
248
272
250
228
220
250
243
185
181
210
182
164
232
554
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
56
87
117
103
79
459
762
857
293
800
627
617
698
696
657
896
885
621
867
1,140
1,166
1,114
1,134
988
809
486
715
1,261
168
1,339
1,344
1,363
1,407
1,491
1,478
1,572
1,662
1,552
1,774
1,558
1,537
1,463
1,485
1,529
1,004
1,135
702
481
605
1,025
1,480
1,676
1,773
1,719
1,493
1,546
1,553
1,398
1,376
1,554
1,529
1,419
1,361
1,189
1,063
514
832
577
439
199
98
62
64
73
93
72
105
83
61
70
47
38
39
26
50
2,993
3,601
4,300
1,830
4,296
4,002
4,211
4,569
4,905
4,953
5,203
5,528
4,605
5,162
5,701
5,587
5,517
5,980
5,954
4,776
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
498
498
455
464
518
550
518
565
543
451
572
484
510
280
360
502
509
448
425
374
484
417
324
276
319
393
215
152
183
225
182
245
239
276
229
203
194
192
212
523
540
475
490
394
630
430
281
422
143
340
336
415
77
228
218
278
225
217
189
251
172
215
170
125
197
40
40
79
142
39
98
110
123
43
36
23
66
70
1,048
932
962
1,060
1,026
1,108
1,174
985
1,174
872
856
1,070
1,023
963
898
1,149
1,257
1,097
1,125
1,053
1,132
1,093
1,131
1,152
1,093
1,096
911
1,010
1,061
951
1,117
899
1,084
1,022
1,008
930
942
917
988
10
10
9
3
4,554
4,659
5,084
5,376
5,055
5,297
5,178
5,117
5,111
4,305
4,525
4,614
4,906
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
565
394
500
466
400
293
354
298
291
173
260
297
358
316
370
280
277
356
373
407
331
304
424
355
357
346
178
242
146
142
134
219
172
309
305
178
181
106
192
470
263
382
519
407
559
596
637
404
490
395
380
460
147
118
161
78
200
238
228
165
145
278
302
231
191
57
35
31
(s)
(s)
35
1
2
2
10
9
15
1,007
978
913
922
854
853
884
892
580
690
703
534
817
1,102
1,114
1,108
1,107
1,203
1,169
1,326
1,075
1,479
1,120
1,222
1,310
1,195
1,030
989
1,067
997
999
1,077
943
906
806
894
764
860
944
19
68
18
32
11
17
26
16
4,872
4,504
4,588
4,509
4,572
4,883
4,928
4,648
4,326
4,267
4,219
4,085
4,534
2012 January ........................
269
370
100
390
352
504
1,423
750
41
4,203
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
a Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 1973-2006, Angola is included in

"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d.
b Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 1973-1992, and rejoined OPEC in
November 2007. For 1993-2007, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" on
Table 3.3d.
c Imports from the Neutral Zone are reported as originating in either Saudi
Arabia or Kuwait depending on the country reported to U.S. Customs.
d For all years, includes Iran, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. For 1973-2008,
also includes Indonesia; and for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon.
=No data reported. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on
Table 3.3d. The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country
of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,
44
refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been
produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not equal sum of
components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50
Web Pages:

and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries

Brazil
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Russiaa
United
Kingdom
U.S. Virgin
Islands
Other
Total
Non-OPEC
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
9
5
3
61
49
8
9
5
26
26
51
82
116
108
104
156
193
200
258
309
1,325
846
455
770
934
1,332
1,424
1,563
1,598
1,539
1,807
1,828
1,971
2,072
2,138
2,181
2,353
2,455
2,493
2,479
9
9
4
23
182
219
234
271
354
468
342
296
260
195
176
196
155
155
200
276
16
71
533
816
755
1,068
1,244
1,385
1,351
1,324
1,373
1,440
1,547
1,623
1,665
1,662
1,705
1,532
1,302
1,210
53
19
2
58
55
15
19
25
31
27
30
43
66
87
101
151
174
128
168
140
1
17
144
32
102
273
313
309
236
304
343
341
393
270
244
233
196
142
102
108
26
14
1
8
45
25
25
13
24
89
72
90
210
254
298
410
369
414
465
563
15
14
176
310
189
383
308
226
250
365
366
324
478
440
380
396
272
277
236
245
329
406
388
247
282
278
313
300
293
280
291
268
236
288
330
328
328
346
320
277
1,480
1,052
903
913
1,128
1,233
1,377
1,495
1,640
1,478
1,581
1,631
1,649
1,766
2,008
2,413
2,446
1,839
1,416
1,307
3,263
2,454
2,609
3,237
3,721
4,833
5,267
5,593
5,803
5,899
6,257
6,343
6,925
7,103
7,444
8,127
8,190
7,489
6,961
6,915
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
353
226
306
318
319
308
332
251
181
169
198
295
272
2,596
2,491
2,505
2,472
2,528
2,717
2,549
2,489
2,479
2,347
2,513
2,736
2,535
322
386
251
423
315
407
404
372
363
422
492
231
365
1,133
1,137
1,306
1,282
1,428
1,211
1,289
1,282
1,254
1,347
1,363
1,365
1,284
116
126
136
89
108
87
207
137
45
108
57
71
108
126
99
59
166
119
52
119
57
62
111
79
26
89
463
423
494
587
719
760
719
786
648
655
561
514
612
282
413
267
304
176
269
351
266
178
152
187
236
256
298
196
235
331
195
246
239
301
302
270
234
191
253
1,057
1,074
977
1,178
1,180
1,090
1,287
1,298
1,200
1,255
886
855
1,112
6,747
6,571
6,538
7,149
7,087
7,146
7,497
7,239
6,712
6,837
6,571
6,518
6,887
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
274
177
161
227
282
285
329
228
188
187
234
404
249
2,826
2,831
2,666
2,625
2,481
2,524
2,626
2,637
2,829
2,692
2,815
2,932
2,706
332
211
399
516
433
309
415
395
529
578
424
508
422
1,366
1,104
1,319
1,077
1,286
1,222
1,197
1,185
1,192
1,177
1,256
1,064
1,205
101
129
91
133
128
175
80
81
64
23
96
101
100
85
69
156
167
101
93
58
87
97
180
174
88
113
531
437
690
704
677
689
562
585
592
687
737
552
621
155
110
197
187
233
146
175
125
124
150
125
162
158
276
182
149
179
194
151
192
185
189
151
177
214
187
1,136
749
1,177
1,267
1,283
1,319
1,105
988
1,079
903
910
846
1,065
7,082
5,999
7,005
7,083
7,097
6,911
6,739
6,497
6,883
6,727
6,948
6,872
6,825
2012 January ........................
321
3,008
431
1,114
101
46
572
168
96
884
6,740
a Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the
former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.
Notes: See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in
Glossary for membership. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table
3.3c are included on this table. The country of origin for petroleum products may
not be the country of origin for the crude oil from which the products were
produced. For example, refined products imported from West European refining
areas may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. Includes imports for
the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic

Web Pages:

and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
45
Figure 3.4
Petroleum Stocks
(Billion Barrels, Except as Noted)
Overview, 1973-2011
Overview, Monthly
2.0
2.0
Total
Total
1.5
1.5
1.0
Crude Oil
1.0
0.5
Petroleum Products
0.5
Crude Oil
Petroleum Products
0.0
0.0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
Total Stocks (Crude Oil and Petroleum Products)
2011
2012
SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 1973-2011

750
2.0
1.787
1.770
1.769
SPR
Million Barrels
1.5
1.0
500
Non-SPR
250
0.5
0.0
March
March
2010
2011
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
March
2012
Selected Products
250
225
215
March 2010
221
March 2011
March 2012
Million Barrels
200
147
150
149
135
100
45
50
28
42
40
40
41
37
35
24
0
Motor Gasoline
a
Distillate Fuel Oil
Includes propylene.
Includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.
Notes: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Stocks are at end of
b
46
Propane
Jet Fuel b
Residual Fuel Oil
period.
Source: Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

(Million Barrels)
Crude Oila
SPRc
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
Non-SPRd,e,f
LPGb
Totale,f
Distillate
Fuel Oilf,g
Jet
Fuelh
Propanef,i
Totalf
Motor
Gasolinef,j
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Otherk
Totalf
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
108
493
586
592
566
563
571
567
541
550
599
638
676
685
689
697
702
727
242
271
358
321
323
303
284
305
324
284
286
312
278
269
286
324
312
286
326
325
242
271
466
814
908
895
850
868
895
852
826
862
877
907
961
1,008
1,001
983
1,028
1,052
196
209
205
144
132
130
127
138
156
125
118
145
134
137
126
136
144
134
146
166
29
30
42
40
52
40
40
44
45
41
45
42
39
39
40
42
39
39
38
43
65
82
65
39
49
43
43
44
65
43
41
66
53
50
55
57
62
52
55
50
99
125
120
74
98
93
86
89
115
89
83
121
106
94
104
109
113
96
113
102
209
235
261
223
220
202
195
210
216
193
196
210
209
207
218
208
212
218
214
223
53
74
92
50
49
37
46
40
45
36
36
41
31
38
42
37
42
39
36
37
179
188
205
174
162
165
164
169
176
157
164
166
152
147
153
157
169
156
162
153
1,008
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ...........
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
727
337
343
359
363
362
365
358
359
363
368
352
333
1,063
1,070
1,086
1,090
1,089
1,092
1,084
1,086
1,089
1,094
1,079
1,060
164
155
147
145
150
158
167
170
167
162
162
164
44
44
42
44
45
45
47
47
47
44
44
43
35
28
28
35
42
49
55
59
61
61
61
49
80
70
73
89
105
120
130
139
141
138
131
108
232
235
225
220
218
216
220
221
219
210
213
219
40
41
41
44
46
43
41
39
40
41
41
41
162
170
174
178
178
169
166
159
158
158
158
158
1,786
1,785
1,787
1,810
1,830
1,842
1,855
1,862
1,861
1,847
1,827
1,794
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
727
727
727
727
727
727
718
696
696
696
696
696
347
350
363
369
370
358
348
349
332
339
338
331
1,074
1,077
1,089
1,096
1,096
1,085
1,066
1,046
1,028
1,035
1,034
1,027
162
154
149
143
145
144
158
157
154
143
144
150
41
39
40
39
41
42
44
43
46
46
42
42
35
26
24
28
34
40
47
52
57
60
59
55
85
71
69
80
92
105
119
130
132
133
125
111
235
229
215
205
214
215
217
212
216
208
221
224
39
35
37
39
37
37
37
39
35
37
39
34
166
168
171
175
180
179
178
173
170
169
167
164
1,803
1,773
1,770
1,776
1,805
1,808
1,820
1,801
1,781
1,770
1,772
1,751
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
696
R 340
R 1,036
R 149
42
R 48
R 101
R 235
R 34
R 174
R 1,771
E 696
E 346
E 1,042
E 140
E 41
E 44
RF 94
E 230
E 34
RE 174
E 1,754
E 696
E 363
E 1,059
E 135
E 40
E 45
F 102
E 221
E 35
E 177
E 1,769

b Liquefied petroleum gases.
c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.
Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or
commercial storage agreements.
d All crude oil stocks other than those in SPR.
e Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. See Note 5,
"Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil," at end of section.
f See Note 4, "Petroleum New Stock Basis," at end of section.
g Excludes stocks in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in 2009,
includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
h Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in
"Other."
i Includes propylene.
j Includes finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components;
excludes oxygenates.
k Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, aviation gasoline blending
components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,

petroleum coke, special naphthas, unfinished oils, waxes, miscellaneous products,
oxygenates, renewable fuels, and other hydrocarbons. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. =Not applicable.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Pages:

47
Figure 3.5
Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Total and Motor Gasoline, 1973-2011
Total, January-March
24
24
Total
18
18.867
19.087
2010
2011
18.256
18
12
12
Motor Gasolinea
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Selected Products,1973-2011
2012
Selected Products, Monthly

12
12
Motor Gasolinea
Motor Gasolinea
Distillate Fuel Oilb

Distillate Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Propaned
Jet Fuel
Jet Fuel
Propaned
0
J FMA M J J A SOND J F MAM J J A SOND J FMA M J J A SOND
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
2011
2012
Selected Products
12
March 2010
9
8.8
8.7
March 2011
March 2012
8.6
6
3.8
4.0
3.6
3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.5
0
Motor Gasoline
a
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel

Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)
c
b
48
Propane d
0.5
0.4
Residual Fuel Oil
Includes propylene.
Note: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Source: Table 3.5.
Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

Asphalt
and
Aviation
Road Oil Gasoline
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
522
419
396
425
483
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
45
39
35
27
24
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
3,092
2,851
2,866
2,868
3,021
3,207
3,365
3,435
3,461
3,572
3,722
3,847
3,776
3,927
4,058
4,118
4,169
4,196
3,945
3,631
1,059
1,001
1,068
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
216
159
158
114
43
54
62
66
78
73
67
72
43
55
64
70
54
32
14
18
872
783
754
883
917
1,096
1,136
1,170
1,120
1,246
1,235
1,142
1,248
1,215
1,276
1,229
1,215
1,235
1,154
1,160
1,449
1,333
1,469
1,599
1,556
1,899
2,012
2,038
1,952
2,195
2,231
2,044
2,163
2,074
2,132
2,030
2,052
2,085
1,954
2,051
162
137
159
145
164
156
151
160
168
169
166
153
151
140
141
141
137
142
131
118
6,674
6,675
6,579
6,831
7,235
7,789
7,891
8,017
8,253
8,431
8,472
8,610
8,848
8,935
9,105
9,159
9,253
9,286
8,989
8,997
261
247
237
264
339
365
379
377
447
477
406
437
463
455
524
515
522
490
464
427
2,822
2,462
2,508
1,202
1,229
852
848
797
887
830
909
811
700
772
865
920
689
723
622
511
1,005
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
203
249
264
331
378
517
470
537
463
434
295
204
362
10
10
14
17
15
18
20
14
20
15
11
12
15
3,701
3,854
3,835
3,759
3,639
3,743
3,544
3,830
3,886
3,773
3,873
4,176
3,800
1,344
1,343
1,443
1,410
1,446
1,543
1,494
1,486
1,457
1,430
1,396
1,383
1,432
15
34
11
7
11
16
19
9
8
15
46
50
20
1,638
1,526
1,193
916
891
901
915
973
1,040
1,135
1,168
1,634
1,160
2,644
2,531
2,225
1,843
1,878
1,938
1,978
2,025
2,084
2,126
2,141
2,677
2,173
116
137
138
132
128
155
141
129
136
127
125
113
131
8,520
8,579
8,793
9,108
9,162
9,311
9,301
9,255
9,112
9,016
8,816
8,911
8,993
268
334
425
385
339
411
385
434
433
335
389
371
376
615
515
531
590
519
500
595
476
513
489
552
525
535
1,218
1,263
1,421
1,463
1,351
1,386
1,373
1,467
1,326
1,215
1,333
1,301
1,343
18,652
18,850
19,099
19,044
18,866
19,537
19,319
19,662
19,438
18,974
18,977
19,722
19,180
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
224
248
280
314
354
455
463
543
462
424
298
191
355
14
13
19
7
18
17
18
18
13
16
12
10
15
3,968
3,871
3,993
3,689
3,657
3,903
3,452
3,959
3,929
3,944
4,055
3,782
3,849
1,355
1,343
1,389
1,451
1,429
1,545
1,466
1,555
1,417
1,370
1,427
1,354
1,425
17
47
25
9
(s)
4
9
5
13
-4
10
12
12
1,652
1,423
1,189
933
934
889
918
974
979
1,147
1,236
1,400
1,138
2,660
2,406
2,291
1,916
1,994
1,938
1,929
1,987
2,035
2,140
2,235
2,525
2,171
136
121
148
131
120
119
112
134
126
107
124
112
124
8,412
8,648
8,750
8,762
8,784
9,046
8,960
8,907
8,753
8,623
8,527
8,659
8,736
363
282
339
352
415
386
361
452
360
410
361
313
367
623
627
547
600
478
471
316
319
482
402
395
519
480
1,349
1,264
1,468
1,381
1,114
1,394
1,470
1,274
1,207
1,132
1,291
1,261
1,300
19,121
18,869
19,248
18,613
18,363
19,277
18,555
19,153
18,795
18,563
18,734
18,738
18,835
2012 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
3-Month Average ...
R 216
F 240
F 265
E 240
12
F 12
F 14
E 13
R 3,811
E 3,579
E 3,584
E 3,660
R 1,313
E 1,388
E 1,343
E 1,347
R2
RF 25
F5
E 10
R 1,406
E 1,347
E 1,162
E 1,304
R 2,463
RF 2,372
F 2,231
E 2,355
R 129
RF 121
F 141
E 130
R 8,187
E 8,336
E 8,569
E 8,365
R 367
F 325
F 369
E 354
R 420
E 363
E 376
E 387
R 1,349
RE 1,526
E 1,318
E 1,395
R 18,268
E 18,288
E 18,214
E 18,256

250
238
16
11
3,946
3,795
1,363
1,378
29
20
1,421
1,450
2,454
2,465
135
130
8,602
8,632
330
343
598
555
1,363
1,302
19,087
18,867
a Liquefied petroleum gases.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in
"Other."
d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery
gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes
negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished
oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as
gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned
as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and
greater than -500 barrels per day.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum

consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due
to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District
of Columbia.
Web Pages:

49
Figure 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total, 1973-2011
Total
4
50
40
3.134
3.152
March
March
March
2010
2011
2012
2.987
30
2
20
1
10
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
By Product, March 2012

Asphalt and Road Oil
0.054
Aviation Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
0.002
a
0.647
b
Kerosene
0.236
0.001
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
0.244
Lubricants
Motor Gasoline
0.026
c
1.386
Petroleum Coke
0.069
Residual Fuel Oil
0.073
Otherd
0.248
0.0
0.5
a
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
50
1.0
1.5
2.0
All petroleum products not shown above.

Source: Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Trillion Btu)
Asphalt
and
Aviation
Road Oil Gasoline
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
LPGa
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Kerosene
Propaned
Total
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolinee
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
1,264
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
83
71
64
50
45
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
6,575
6,061
6,110
6,098
6,422
6,818
7,175
7,304
7,359
7,595
7,935
8,179
8,028
8,349
8,652
8,755
8,864
8,921
8,411
7,720
2,167
2,047
2,190
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
447
329
329
236
88
112
128
136
162
151
140
150
90
113
133
144
111
67
30
36
1,221
1,097
1,059
1,236
1,284
1,534
1,594
1,638
1,568
1,745
1,734
1,598
1,747
1,701
1,791
1,721
1,701
1,729
1,620
1,624
1,981
1,807
1,976
2,103
2,059
2,512
2,660
2,690
2,575
2,897
2,945
2,697
2,852
2,748
2,824
2,682
2,700
2,733
2,574
2,664
359
304
354
322
362
346
335
354
371
375
369
338
334
309
313
312
303
313
291
262
12,797
12,798
12,648
13,098
13,872
14,825
15,064
15,254
15,701
16,036
16,155
16,373
16,819
16,981
17,379
17,444
17,622
17,689
17,168
17,135
573
542
522
582
745
802
837
829
982
1,048
895
961
1,018
1,000
1,156
1,133
1,148
1,077
1,022
938
6,477
5,649
5,772
2,759
2,820
1,955
1,952
1,828
2,036
1,905
2,091
1,861
1,605
1,772
1,990
2,111
1,581
1,659
1,432
1,173
2,114
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
3,121
3,298
3,093
3,129
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
34,837
32,732
34,205
30,925
33,552
34,556
35,759
36,265
36,934
37,960
38,402
38,333
38,400
39,051
40,593
40,732
40,420
40,358
38,101
36,321
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
42
46
54
66
78
103
97
110
92
89
59
42
878
2
1
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
27
668
629
692
657
657
654
640
692
679
681
677
754
8,080
236
213
254
240
254
263
263
261
248
251
238
243
2,963
3
5
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
3
8
9
41
195
164
142
105
106
104
109
116
120
135
134
194
1,624
294
255
246
198
207
206
217
220
219
233
228
298
2,821
22
23
26
24
24
28
27
24
25
24
23
21
291
1,378
1,253
1,422
1,426
1,482
1,458
1,504
1,497
1,426
1,458
1,380
1,441
17,127
50
56
79
70
63
74
72
81
78
63
70
69
826
120
91
103
111
101
94
116
93
97
95
104
102
1,228
215
202
252
251
240
237
242
259
227
215
227
233
2,800
3,029
2,776
3,134
3,046
3,111
3,122
3,183
3,241
3,097
3,114
3,014
3,214
37,082
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
46
46
58
63
73
91
95
112
92
87
59
39
860
2
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
27
717
631
721
645
660
682
623
715
687
712
709
683
8,184
238
213
244
247
251
263
258
273
241
241
243
238
2,950
3
7
4
1
(s)
1
2
1
2
-1
2
2
25
196
153
141
107
111
102
109
116
113
136
142
167
1,594
295
241
251
201
216
204
209
217
215
234
235
278
2,796
26
20
28
24
23
22
21
25
23
20
23
21
275
1,361
1,263
1,415
1,372
1,421
1,416
1,449
1,441
1,370
1,395
1,335
1,401
16,639
68
48
63
64
78
70
67
84
65
77
65
58
807
121
110
107
113
93
89
62
62
91
78
74
101
1,102
239
202
259
234
199
236
260
227
208
201
222
224
2,712
3,116
2,784
3,152
2,965
3,017
3,075
3,049
3,160
2,996
3,047
2,968
3,047
36,376
2012 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
3-Month Total .......
R 44
R 688
R 231
F 46
F2
E 605
E 228
F 54
F2
E 647
E 145
E6
E 1,940
2011 3-Month Total .......

2010 3-Month Total .......
150
142
7
5
2,069
1,989
R (s)
R 167
R 270
R 24
R 1,324
R 69
R 82
R 238
R 2,973
F4
E 150
RF 243
F 21
E 1,261
F 57
E 66
RE 273
E 2,806
E 236
F1
E 138
F 244
F 26
E 1,386
F 69
E 73
E 248
E 2,987
E 695
E5
E 455
E 757
E 72
E 3,972
E 194
E 221
E 759
E 8,767
696
703
15
10
491
501
786
796
74
71
4,040
4,054
179
186
338
314
700
669
9,052
8,939
a Liquefied petroleum gases.


"Other."
d Includes propylene.
e Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended
into motor gasoline.
f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater
than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum
consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
Web Pages:

51
Figure 3.7
Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1973-2011
By Sector, January 2012
16
16
Transportation
12
12.157
12
8
Industriala
4.585
4
Residential and Commerciala
0.893
Electric Power
0.519
0.114
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Residential and Commercial Sectors,a Selected

Products, January 2012
1.0
Residential
Commerciala
Industriala
Transportation
Electric
Power
Industrial Sector,a Selected Products,

January 2012
2.1
1.896
0.8
0.789
1.4
0.6
0.542
0.4
0.7
0.571
0.2
0.311
0.053
0.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual
Fuel Oil
Motor
Gasolinec
Transportation Sector, Selected Products,

January 2012
0.0
LPG
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.134
Petroleum Asphalt and

Motor
Road Oil Gasolinec
Coke
Electric Power Sector, January 2012
10
8
0.216
0.026
0.06
8.026
0.055
0.05
0.04
0.034
0.03
0.024
4
0.02
2.426
1.313
0.01
0.293
0.00
Motor
Gasolinec
Distillate
Fuel Oild
Jet
Fuele
Residual
Fuel Oil
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
electricity-only plants.
b
c
Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline .
d
Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into
52
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
distillate fuel oil.

e
Sources: Tables 3.7a3.7c.
Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
942
850
617
514
460
426
434
411
363
389
424
427
404
425
433
402
335
342
314
283
110
78
51
77
31
36
43
45
52
54
46
46
29
34
41
40
32
21
10
13
407
365
222
224
252
282
334
325
303
376
395
375
384
389
364
366
318
345
394
391
1,459
1,293
890
815
742
743
811
781
718
819
865
849
817
848
839
809
685
708
718
687
303
276
243
297
252
225
227
209
202
206
230
239
209
226
221
210
189
181
174
194
31
24
20
16
6
11
10
12
15
13
14
15
8
9
10
10
7
4
2
2
105
92
63
68
73
78
87
86
84
100
107
102
101
112
108
94
88
87
113
99
45
46
56
50
58
10
14
22
20
15
23
20
24
32
23
24
26
32
24
28
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
460
471
270
196
207
244
189
169
157
233
271
432
274
10
24
8
5
8
11
13
7
6
10
32
35
14
461
441
388
321
327
338
345
353
363
370
373
466
379
931
936
666
521
542
593
547
528
526
614
676
934
667
324
332
190
138
146
172
133
119
111
164
190
304
193
2
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
5
6
2
122
116
102
85
86
89
91
93
96
98
99
123
100
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
395
414
282
195
128
199
178
243
266
289
331
428
278
12
33
18
6
(s)
3
6
4
9
-3
7
8
9
464
419
399
334
347
338
336
346
355
373
389
440
378
870
866
699
534
476
540
520
593
630
659
728
876
665
278
291
199
137
90
140
125
171
187
203
233
301
196
2
5
3
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
2012 January ......................
463
429
893
326
(s)
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
b Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500
barrels per day.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
290
214
245
99
100
62
60
48
37
32
40
30
35
48
53
50
33
33
32
33
774
653
626
530
489
385
397
378
358
366
415
406
376
428
416
389
343
337
345
357
28
28
28
29
30
30
30
30
29
29
29
29
29
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
57
58
33
24
25
30
23
21
19
29
33
53
34
532
538
356
277
289
323
280
264
256
322
356
516
358
122
111
105
88
92
89
89
91
94
99
103
116
100
27
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
28
28
28
28
28
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
45
47
32
22
15
23
20
28
30
33
38
49
32
475
483
368
277
225
282
264
320
341
362
403
496
357
113
26
(s)
53
519
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term

"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 7, "Petroleum Products
Supplied
and
Petroleum
Consumption,"
at
end
of
section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#petroleum for all
53
Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
522
419
396
425
483
486
484
505
521
547
525
519
512
503
537
546
521
494
417
360
691
630
621
526
541
532
557
566
570
558
563
611
566
534
570
594
594
595
599
521
75
58
87
21
6
7
9
9
11
6
8
11
7
12
14
19
14
6
2
2
902
844
1,172
1,285
1,215
1,527
1,580
1,617
1,553
1,709
1,720
1,557
1,668
1,561
1,646
1,549
1,627
1,637
1,419
1,541
88
68
82
75
84
80
78
82
86
87
86
79
78
72
73
72
71
73
67
61
133
116
82
114
97
105
105
111
105
80
79
155
163
171
195
187
198
161
131
128
254
246
234
261
325
328
343
331
390
426
361
390
383
375
423
404
425
412
394
363
809
658
586
326
179
147
146
127
100
90
105
89
83
96
108
123
104
84
86
46
1,005
1,001
1,581
1,032
1,373
1,381
1,518
1,605
1,508
1,532
1,458
1,481
1,474
1,579
1,657
1,605
1,640
1,593
1,408
1,251
4,479
4,038
4,842
4,065
4,304
4,594
4,819
4,953
4,844
5,035
4,903
4,892
4,934
4,903
5,222
5,100
5,193
5,056
4,523
4,274
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
203
249
264
331
378
517
470
537
463
434
295
204
362
484
531
686
623
472
427
331
544
701
548
664
700
559
3
6
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
3
8
9
4
2,036
1,949
1,714
1,419
1,446
1,492
1,523
1,559
1,604
1,637
1,648
2,061
1,673
60
70
71
68
66
80
73
66
70
66
64
58
68
140
141
144
149
150
153
153
152
150
148
145
146
148
201
264
356
323
274
333
303
370
371
279
339
307
310
59
55
54
61
51
43
53
42
51
51
57
51
52
1,218
1,263
1,421
1,463
1,351
1,386
1,373
1,467
1,326
1,215
1,333
1,301
1,343
4,403
4,528
4,712
4,438
4,190
4,433
4,282
4,738
4,738
4,380
4,553
4,838
4,519
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
224
248
280
314
354
455
463
543
462
424
298
191
355
749
585
755
544
553
568
257
523
578
575
696
434
568
3
8
5
2
(s)
1
2
1
2
-1
2
2
2
2,049
1,853
1,764
1,475
1,536
1,492
1,486
1,530
1,567
1,648
1,721
1,945
1,672
70
62
76
68
62
61
57
69
65
55
64
58
64
138
142
144
144
144
148
147
146
144
141
140
142
143
283
215
266
304
366
324
286
388
297
362
320
261
307
64
65
57
63
50
48
30
30
49
42
39
52
49
1,349
1,264
1,468
1,381
1,114
1,394
1,470
1,274
1,207
1,132
1,291
1,261
1,300
4,928
4,442
4,814
4,295
4,177
4,492
4,197
4,505
4,371
4,378
4,571
4,346
4,460
2012 January ......................
216
571
(s)
1,896
66
134
311
40
1,349
4,585
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery
(s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day.
54
Notes: Data are estimates. For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,
see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is
an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term
"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 7, "Petroleum Products
Supplied
and
Petroleum
Consumption,"
at
end
of
section.
Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

Electric Power Sectora
Transportation Sector
Aviation
Gasoline
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
45
39
35
27
24
21
20
22
19
21
20
19
18
16
17
19
18
17
15
14
1,045
998
1,311
1,491
1,722
1,973
2,096
2,198
2,263
2,352
2,422
2,489
2,536
2,665
2,783
2,858
3,017
3,037
2,824
2,600
1,042
992
1,062
1,218
1,522
1,514
1,578
1,599
1,622
1,673
1,725
1,655
1,614
1,578
1,630
1,679
1,633
1,622
1,539
1,393
35
31
13
21
16
13
11
10
13
10
8
10
10
12
14
20
20
16
29
20
74
70
77
71
80
76
73
78
81
82
81
74
73
68
69
68
67
69
64
57
6,496
6,512
6,441
6,667
7,080
7,674
7,772
7,883
8,128
8,336
8,370
8,435
8,662
8,733
8,887
8,948
9,029
9,093
8,834
8,840
317
310
608
342
443
397
370
310
294
290
386
255
295
249
321
365
395
433
400
353
9,054
8,951
9,546
9,838
10,888
11,668
11,921
12,099
12,420
12,765
13,012
12,938
13,208
13,321
13,720
13,957
14,178
14,287
13,704
13,279
129
107
79
40
45
51
51
52
64
66
82
80
60
76
52
54
35
42
34
33
7
1
2
3
14
37
36
46
56
51
45
47
80
79
101
111
97
78
70
63
1,406
1,280
1,069
435
507
247
273
311
456
418
378
437
287
379
382
382
157
173
104
79
1,542
1,388
1,151
478
566
334
360
410
576
535
505
564
427
534
535
547
289
293
209
175
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
10
10
14
17
15
18
20
14
20
15
11
12
15
2,353
2,490
2,663
2,779
2,781
2,858
2,848
2,963
2,888
2,803
2,719
2,679
2,737
1,344
1,343
1,443
1,410
1,446
1,543
1,494
1,486
1,457
1,430
1,396
1,383
1,432
26
24
22
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
26
21
57
66
67
64
62
75
69
63
66
62
60
55
64
8,352
8,411
8,620
8,929
8,983
9,128
9,118
9,074
8,933
8,839
8,643
8,736
8,816
407
364
403
465
377
322
399
315
381
371
427
355
382
12,547
12,709
13,231
13,682
13,681
13,963
13,966
13,934
13,766
13,540
13,277
13,245
13,466
79
30
24
23
33
41
42
34
29
25
30
60
38
67
69
69
62
64
78
81
63
62
56
50
63
65
93
38
41
40
66
105
120
98
61
37
35
67
67
239
138
134
125
164
224
244
196
153
118
114
189
170
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
14
13
19
7
18
17
18
18
13
16
12
10
15
2,507
2,550
2,730
2,782
2,857
2,964
2,855
2,995
2,871
2,854
2,771
2,593
2,779
1,355
1,343
1,389
1,451
1,429
1,545
1,466
1,555
1,417
1,370
1,427
1,354
1,425
26
23
22
19
19
19
19
19
20
21
22
24
21
66
59
72
64
58
58
54
65
61
52
60
55
60
8,247
8,478
8,578
8,590
8,612
8,868
8,784
8,732
8,581
8,453
8,359
8,489
8,565
457
478
420
468
372
356
214
215
369
295
286
387
359
12,672
12,944
13,230
13,381
13,365
13,826
13,410
13,600
13,331
13,061
12,937
12,912
13,223
40
31
27
31
29
32
37
26
25
22
23
26
29
81
67
73
49
49
62
75
65
63
48
40
51
60
57
36
38
46
41
44
52
45
34
32
32
31
41
177
134
137
126
119
138
163
135
123
102
96
109
130
2012 January ......................
12
2,426
1,313
24
62
8,026
293
12,157
24
55
34
114
a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data
are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
"Industrial Sector, Other" on Table 3.7b.
d Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small
amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small
amount of fuel oil no. 4.
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total petroleum
consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5.
Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is
synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See
Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of
55
Figure 3.8
Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Sector, Selected Products

(Quadrillion Btu)
Residential and Commercial Sectors,a 1973-2011
Residential and Commercial Sectors,a Monthly

0.20
Distillate
Fuel Oil
0.15
Distillate Fuel Oil
0.10
Residual
Fuel Oil
0.05
LPGb
LPGb
Kerosene
Residual Fuel Oil
0.00
J F MA M J J A SOND J F MA M J J A S OND J F MA M J J A S OND
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Industrial Sector,a 1973-2011
2010
2011
2012
Industrial Sector,a Monthly

0.3
2.5
b
LPG
2.0
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPGb
0.2
1.5
1.0
0.1
0.5
Asphalt and
Road Oil
Distillate Fuel Oil

Asphalt and
Road Oil
0.0
0.0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Transportation Sector, 1973-2011
2010
2011
2012
Transportation Sector, Monthly

1.8
20
Motor Gasolinec
15
Motor Gasolinec
1.2
10
0.6

Jet Fuele
0.0
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
a
Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of
b
c
d
Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including bio-
56
Jet Fuele
2010
2011
2012
diesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

e
Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors
(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Distillate
Fuel Oil
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Motor
Gasolineb
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
2,003
1,807
1,316
1,092
978
905
926
874
772
828
905
908
860
905
924
854
712
726
669
602
227
161
107
159
64
74
89
93
108
111
95
95
60
70
85
84
66
44
21
28
570
512
311
314
352
395
469
455
424
526
555
526
537
544
512
513
446
484
553
547
2,800
2,479
1,734
1,565
1,394
1,374
1,484
1,422
1,304
1,465
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,519
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,243
1,176
644
587
518
631
536
479
483
444
429
438
491
508
444
481
470
447
401
384
372
413
65
49
41
33
12
22
21
25
31
27
30
31
16
19
20
22
15
9
4
4
147
129
88
95
102
109
122
120
118
140
150
143
141
157
152
131
123
121
158
139
87
89
107
96
111
18
27
43
39
28
45
37
45
60
45
46
49
61
46
53
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
83
77
49
34
37
43
34
31
27
42
47
78
583
2
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
6
6
29
55
47
46
37
39
39
41
42
42
44
43
55
530
140
128
96
72
78
83
78
74
70
88
96
140
1,142
58
54
34
24
26
30
24
21
19
30
33
55
410
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
5
14
13
12
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
11
15
140
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
71
68
51
34
23
35
32
44
47
52
58
77
592
2
5
3
1
(s)
1
1
1
2
(s)
1
1
18
55
45
47
38
41
39
40
41
41
44
45
52
530
129
118
102
73
64
74
73
86
89
96
104
131
1,139
50
48
36
24
16
24
23
31
33
37
41
54
417
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
2012 January ....................
84
(s)
51
135
59
(s)
a Commercial
sector
fuel
use,
including
that
at
commercial
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
665
492
565
228
230
141
137
111
85
73
92
70
80
111
122
116
75
75
73
76
1,607
1,346
1,318
1,083
991
769
790
743
702
707
807
790
726
828
810
762
664
651
653
685
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
55
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
11
10
6
5
5
6
5
4
4
6
6
10
77
89
82
58
43
47
51
45
42
39
52
56
86
688
15
12
13
10
11
10
11
11
11
12
12
14
140
4
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
4
5
4
5
54
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
8
6
4
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
9
73
78
73
60
43
35
44
42
52
54
59
64
82
686
13
(s)
10
87
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.

See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
57
Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Asphalt
and
Road Oil
Distillate
Fuel Oil
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
1,264
1,014
962
1,029
1,170
1,178
1,176
1,224
1,263
1,324
1,276
1,257
1,240
1,220
1,304
1,323
1,261
1,197
1,012
873
1,469
1,339
1,324
1,119
1,150
1,131
1,187
1,203
1,211
1,187
1,200
1,300
1,204
1,136
1,214
1,264
1,263
1,265
1,277
1,107
156
119
181
44
12
15
18
19
22
13
16
23
14
24
28
39
30
13
4
4
1,215
1,123
1,559
1,664
1,582
1,990
2,054
2,100
2,016
2,217
2,228
2,014
2,160
2,030
2,141
2,009
2,104
2,106
1,823
1,950
195
149
182
166
186
178
173
182
191
193
190
174
172
159
161
160
156
161
150
135
255
223
158
218
185
200
200
212
199
152
150
295
309
324
372
356
376
306
250
244
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
42
46
54
66
78
103
97
110
92
89
59
42
878
87
87
124
109
85
75
60
98
123
99
116
126
1,188
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
7
222
193
186
149
156
154
163
165
164
175
171
225
2,121
11
12
13
12
12
14
14
12
13
12
12
11
149
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
46
46
58
63
73
91
95
112
92
87
59
39
860
135
95
136
95
100
99
46
94
101
104
122
78
1,207
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
222
182
188
151
162
153
156
163
161
176
176
209
2,097
2012 January ....................
44
103
(s)
203
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
58
Residual
Fuel Oil
Otherc
Total
558
540
516
575
714
721
757
727
858
936
796
858
842
825
934
889
934
906
868
799
1,858
1,509
1,349
748
411
337
335
291
230
207
241
203
190
220
249
281
239
193
198
106
2,114
2,109
3,278
2,152
2,839
2,837
3,121
3,298
3,093
3,129
2,979
3,056
3,040
3,264
3,428
3,318
3,416
3,313
2,941
2,611
9,083
8,127
9,509
7,714
8,251
8,588
9,020
9,256
9,083
9,357
9,076
9,181
9,171
9,202
9,831
9,640
9,780
9,461
8,523
7,829
23
21
23
23
24
24
25
25
23
24
23
24
281
38
45
67
58
51
60
57
69
67
52
61
57
682
11
10
11
11
10
8
10
8
10
10
11
10
120
215
202
252
251
240
237
242
259
227
215
227
233
2,800
650
615
730
681
657
676
667
747
719
676
680
729
8,227
13
11
14
12
12
11
11
13
12
10
12
11
141
22
21
23
23
23
23
24
24
22
23
22
23
273
53
36
50
55
68
59
53
72
54
68
58
49
674
13
11
11
12
10
9
6
6
9
8
7
10
113
239
202
259
234
199
236
260
227
208
201
222
224
2,712
744
605
740
644
647
681
652
711
660
676
678
643
8,081
12
22
58
238
689
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolineb
Petroleum
Coke
Notes: Data are estimates. For total heat content of petroleum consumption
by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table
3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption
and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a3.8c.
See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors (Trillion Btu)
Electric Power Sectora
Aviation
Gasoline
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Jet
Fuelc
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Lubricants
Motor
Gasolined
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Distillate
Fuel Oile
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oilf
Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
83
71
64
50
45
40
37
40
35
39
36
35
34
30
31
35
33
32
28
27
2,222
2,121
2,795
3,170
3,661
4,195
4,469
4,672
4,812
5,001
5,165
5,292
5,392
5,666
5,932
6,076
6,414
6,457
6,020
5,528
2,131
2,029
2,179
2,497
3,129
3,132
3,274
3,308
3,357
3,462
3,580
3,426
3,340
3,265
3,383
3,475
3,379
3,358
3,193
2,883
49
43
18
30
23
18
16
14
18
14
12
14
14
17
19
28
27
22
40
28
163
155
172
156
176
168
163
172
180
182
179
164
162
150
152
151
147
152
141
127
12,455
12,485
12,383
12,784
13,575
14,607
14,837
14,999
15,463
15,855
15,960
16,041
16,465
16,597
16,962
17,043
17,197
17,321
16,872
16,837
727
711
1,398
786
1,016
911
851
712
674
665
888
586
677
571
740
837
906
994
920
810
17,832
17,615
19,009
19,472
21,626
23,070
23,648
23,918
24,538
25,219
25,820
25,557
26,085
26,297
27,219
27,645
28,105
28,335
27,214
26,240
273
226
169
85
97
108
109
111
136
140
175
171
127
161
111
115
74
89
73
70
15
2
5
7
30
81
80
102
124
112
99
103
175
175
222
243
214
171
154
139
3,226
2,937
2,459
998
1,163
566
628
715
1,047
959
871
1,003
659
869
879
876
361
397
240
181
3,515
3,166
2,634
1,090
1,289
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
1
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
27
425
406
481
486
502
499
514
535
505
506
475
484
5,818
236
213
254
240
254
263
263
261
248
251
238
243
2,963
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
29
11
11
13
12
12
14
13
12
12
12
11
10
141
1,351
1,229
1,394
1,398
1,453
1,429
1,475
1,468
1,398
1,430
1,353
1,413
16,791
79
64
79
88
73
61
78
61
72
72
80
69
877
2,107
1,928
2,225
2,227
2,299
2,270
2,348
2,342
2,240
2,276
2,161
2,224
26,646
14
5
4
4
6
7
8
6
5
4
5
11
80
12
12
13
11
12
14
15
12
11
10
9
12
144
18
7
8
8
13
20
23
19
12
7
7
13
154
45
23
25
23
31
41
46
37
28
22
21
36
378
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
2
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
27
453
416
493
486
516
518
516
541
502
515
484
468
5,908
238
213
244
247
251
263
258
273
241
241
243
238
2,950
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
29
12
10
14
12
11
10
10
12
11
10
11
10
133
1,334
1,239
1,388
1,345
1,393
1,388
1,421
1,412
1,343
1,367
1,309
1,373
16,312
89
84
82
88
73
67
42
42
70
58
54
75
823
2,132
1,966
2,226
2,181
2,249
2,251
2,251
2,286
2,171
2,196
2,105
2,170
26,182
7
5
5
5
5
6
7
5
4
4
4
5
62
15
11
14
9
9
11
14
12
11
9
7
10
132
11
6
7
9
8
8
10
9
6
6
6
6
94
33
23
26
23
22
25
31
25
22
19
17
20
288
2012 January ....................
438
231
12
1,298
57
2,041
10
21

"Industrial Sector Other" on Table 3.8b.
d Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol
e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small
f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small
Notes: Transportation sector data are estimates. For total heat content of
petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum
products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of
petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"
in Tables 3.7a3.8c. See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
of Columbia.
59
Petroleum
Note 1. Petroleum Survey Respondents. The U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of
sources and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.
On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry
publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for
information on facilities or companies starting up or closing
down operations. Those sources are augmented by articles
in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating
changes in status, and information received from survey
systems.
To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide
more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames investigation is conducted every 3 years. This investigation results in
the reassessment and recompilation of the complete frame
for each survey. The effort also includes the evaluation of
the impact of potential frame changes on the historical time
series of data from these respondents. The results of this
frame study are usually implemented in January to provide a
full year under the same frame.
In 1991, EIA conducted a frame identifier survey of companies that produce, blend, store, or import oxygenates. A
summary of the results from the identification survey was
published in the Weekly Petroleum Status Report dated
February 12, 1992, and in the February 1992 issue of the
Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM). In order to continue to
provide relevant information about U.S. and regional
gasoline supply, EIA conducted a second frame identifier
survey of those companies during 1992. As a result, numerous respondents were added to the monthly surveys effective in January 1993. See PSM, Appendix B, Frame.
Note 2. Motor Gasoline. Beginning in January 1981, EIA
expanded its universe to include non-refinery blenders and
separated blending components from finished motor
gasoline as a reporting category. Also, survey forms were
modified to describe refinery operations more accurately.
Beginning with the reporting of January 1993 data, EIA
made adjustments to the product supplied series for finished
motor gasoline. It was recognized that motor gasoline
statistics published by EIA through 1992 were underreported because the reporting system was (1) not collecting
all fuel ethanol blending, and (2) there was a misreporting of
motor gasoline blending components that were blended into
finished gasoline. The adjustments are incorporated into
EIAs data beginning in January 1993. To facilitate data
analysis across the 19921993 period, EIA prepared a table
of 1992 data adjusted according to the 1993 basis. See
Petroleum Supply Monthly, March 1993, Table H3.
Note 3. Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils. The requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or burned on leases as
either distillate or residual fuel oil was eliminated. Prior to
January 1981, the refinery input of unfinished oils typically
exceeded the available supply of unfinished oils.
60
That discrepancy was assumed to be due to the redesignation of distillate and residual fuel oils received as such but
used as unfinished oil inputs by the receiving refinery. The
imbalance between supply and disposition of unfinished oils
would then be subtracted from the production of distillate
and residual fuel oils. Two-thirds of that difference was
subtracted from distillate and one-third from residual.
Beginning in January 1981, EIA modified its survey forms
to account for redesignated product and discontinued the
above-mentioned adjustment.
Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and used at pipeline
pump stations was reported as either distillate or residual fuel
oil and was included as product supplied for these products.
Note 4. Petroleum New Stock Basis. In January 1975,
1979, 1981, and 1983, numerous respondents were added to
bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, affecting subsequent
stocks reported and stock change calculations. Using the
expanded coverage (new basis), the end-of-year stocks, in
million barrels, would have been:
Crude Oil: 1982645 (Total) and 351 (Non-SPR).
Distillate Fuel Oil:
1974224; 1980205; and
1982186.
Jet Fuel (Total): 197430; 198042; and 198239.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases:
1974113; 1978136;
1980128; and 1982102.
Propane and Propylene: 197886; 198069; and
198257.
Motor Gasoline (Total):
1974225; 1980263;
1982244.
Residual Fuel Oil: 197475; 198091; and 198269.
Total Petroleum:
19741,121; 19801,425; and
19821,461.
Stock change calculations beginning in 1975, 1979, 1981,
and 1983 were made by using new basis stock levels.
In January 1984, changes were made in the reporting of
natural gas liquids. As a result, unfractionated stream is
now reported on a component basis (ethane, propane,
normal butane, isobutane, and pentanes plus). This change
affects stocks reported and stock change calculations.
Under the new basis, 1983 end-of-year stocks, in million
barrels, would have been 108 for liquefied petroleum gases,
and 55 for propane and propylene.
In January 1993, changes were made in the monthly surveys
to begin collecting bulk terminal and pipeline stocks of
oxygenates. This change affected stocks reported and stock
change calculations. However, a new basis stock level was
not calculated for 1992 end-of-year stocks.
Note 5. Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil. Stocks of Alaskan
crude oil in transit were included for the first time in
January 1981. The major impact of this change is on the
reporting of stock change calculations. Using the expanded
coverage (new basis), 1980 end-of-year stocks, in million
barrels, would have been 488 (Total) and 380 (Non-SPR).
Note 6. Petroleum Data Discrepancies. Due to differences internal to EIA data processing systems, some small
discrepancies exist between data in the Monthly Energy
Review and the Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM). The data that have discrepancies are footnoted in Section 3 tables. The corresponding
PSA/PSM values, in thousand barrels per day, are: Natural
Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1976: 1,603; Total Exports,
1979: 472; Petroleum Products Exports, 1979: 237; and
SPR Crude Oil Imports, 1978: 162.
Note 7. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum
Consumption. Total petroleum products supplied is the
sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product,
crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of these except crude oil, product supplied
is calculated by adding refinery production, natural gas
plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,
imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock
additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oil product
supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at
pipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813,
Monthly Crude Oil Report. Prior to 1983, crude oil
burned on leases and used at pipeline pump stations was
reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was
included as product supplied for these products. Petroleum product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an
approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term Petroleum Consumption in Tables
3.7a3.8c.
Table 3.6 Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel
Oil, Kerosene, Propane, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke,
and Residual Fuel Oil
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for these
petroleum products are from Table 3.5, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content
factors in Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for
kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004, naphtha-type jet
fuel are from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Petroleum Supply
Monthly (PSM), and earlier publications (see sources for
Table 3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Total jet fuel product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Total
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for the component products of
LPG
(ethane/ethylene,
propane/propylene,
normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) are from the
PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see sources for Table
3.5). These data are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying

by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1. Total
LPG product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion Btu
for the LPG component products.
For the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total LPG are from Table 3.5,
and are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the LPG
heat content factors in Table A3.
Motor Gasoline
Product supplied data in thousand barrels per day for motor
gasoline are from Table 3.5, and are converted to trillion Btu
by multiplying by the motor gasoline heat content factors in
Table A3.
Other Petroleum Products
Prior to the current two months, product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for other petroleum products
are from the PSA, PSM, and earlier publications (see
sources for Table 3.5). Other petroleum products
include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special
naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products; beginning in 1981, also includes negative
barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both
primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline
blending components; beginning in 1983, also includes
crude oil burned as fuel; and beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel. These data are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat
content factors in MER Table A1. Total Other petroleum product supplied is the sum of the data in trillion
Btu for the individual products.
For the current two months, total Other petroleum
products supplied is calculated by first estimating total
petroleum products supplied (product supplied data in
thousand barrels per day for total petroleum from Table 3.5
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the total
petroleum consumption heat content factor in Table A3),
and then subtracting data in trillion Btu (from Table 3.6) for
asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet
fuel, kerosene, total LPG, lubricants, motor gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil.
Total Petroleum
Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the products (except Propane) shown in
Table. 3.6.
Tables 3.7a3.7c Sources

Petroleum consumption data in these tables are derived from
data for petroleum products supplied from the following
sources:
19731975: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statement,
Annual."
61
19761980: U.S. Energy Information Administrations

(EIA), Energy Data Reports, "Petroleum Statement,
Annual."
19812010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual.
2011 and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly.
Energy-use allocation procedures by individual product are
as follows:
Since 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of

the sales for industrial, farm, oil company, off-highway
diesel, and all other uses. Prior to 1979, each year's sales
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split
into residential, commercial, and industrial (including
farm) in proportion to the 1979 shares, and this estimated
industrial portion is added to oil company, off-highway
diesel, and all other uses.
Asphalt and Road Oil

All consumption of asphalt and road oil is assigned to the
industrial sector.
The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales

for railroad, vessel bunkering, on-highway diesel, and
military uses for all years.
Aviation Gasoline
All consumption of aviation gasoline is assigned to the
transportation sector.
Distillate Fuel Oil
Distillate fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum (minus small amounts of kerosene
and kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in gas
turbine and internal combustion plants. For 19802000,
electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed
to be the amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed.
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total distillate fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric power
sector. The end-use total consumed annually is allocated to
the individual end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are
based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:
Since 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly
from the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into
residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in
proportion to the 1979 shares.
Since 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly
subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into
residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in
proportion to the 1979 shares.
62
Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,

Monthly
Residential sector and commercial sector monthly
consumption is estimated by allocating the annual
estimates, which are described above, into the months in
proportion to each month's share of the year's sales of
No. 2 heating oil. (For each month of the current year,
the residential and commercial consumption increase
from the same month in the previous year is based on the
percent increase in that months No. 2 heating oil sales
from the same month in the previous year.) The years
No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following
sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly
Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the
American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating
Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users
and for Resale.
The transportation highway use portion is allocated into
the months in proportion to each month's share of the
year's total sales for highway use as reported by the
Federal Highway Administration's Table MF-25,
"Private and Commercial Highway Use of Special Fuels
by Months." After 1993, the sales-for-highway-use data
are no longer available as a monthly series; the 1993
data are used for allocating succeeding year's totals into
months.
A distillate fuel oil balance is calculated as total distillate
fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for
highway use.
Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months distillate fuel oil balance by the
annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate
fuel oil balance.
Total transportation sector monthly consumption is
estimated as total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the
amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial,
and electric power sectors.
Jet Fuel
Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene-type jet fuel were
consumed by the electric power sector. Kerosene-type jet
fuel deliveries to the electric power sector as reported on
Form FERC-423 (formerly Form FPC-423) were used as
estimates of this consumption. Through 2004, all remaining
jet fuel (kerosene-type and naphtha-type) is consumed by
the transportation sector. Beginning in 2005, kerosene-type
jet fuel is consumed by the transportation sector, while
naphtha-type jet fuel is classified under Other Petroleum
Products, which is assigned to the industrial sector.
Kerosene
Kerosene product supplied is allocated to the individual
end-use sectors (residential, commercial, and industrial)
in proportion to each sectors share of sales as reported in
EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series
(DOE/EIA-0535), which is based primarily on data
collected by Form EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales Report (previously Form EIA-172).
Since 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly from
the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales category
called "heating" is allocated to the residential, commercial,
and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares.
Since 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly
category called "heating" is allocated to the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors in proportion to the 1979
shares.
Since 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of the
sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses. Prior to 1979,
each year's sales category called "heating" is allocated to the
residential, commercial and industrial sectors in proportion
to the 1979 shares, and the estimated industrial (including
farm) portion is added to all other uses.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
The annual shares of LPG's total consumption that are
estimated to be used by each sector are applied to each
month's total LPG consumption to create monthly sector
consumption estimates. The annual sector shares are
calculated as described below.
Sales of LPG to the residential and commercial sectors
combined are converted from thousand gallons per year to
thousand barrels per year and are assumed to be the
annual consumption of LPG by the combined sectors.
Since 2003, residential sector LPG consumption is
assumed to equal propane retail sales, with the remainder
of the combined residential and commercial LPG
consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
Prior to 2003, residential sector LPG consumption is based on
the average of the State residential shares for 20032008, with
the remainder of the combined residential and commercial LPG
consumption being assigned to the commercial sector.
The quantity of LPG sold each year for consumption in

internal combustion engines is allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors on the basis of data for
special fuels used on highways published by the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, in Highway Statistics. The allocations of LPG sold
for internal combustion engine use to the transportation
sector range from a low of 20 percent (in 2001) to a high of
78 percent (in 2008).
LPG consumed annually by the industrial sector is estimated
as the difference between LPG total product supplied and
the sum of the estimated LPG consumption by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. The industrial
sector LPG consumption includes LPG used by chemical
plants as raw materials or solvents and used in the production of synthetic rubber; refinery fuel use; use as synthetic
natural gas feedstock and use in secondary recovery
projects; all farm use; LPG sold to gas utility companies for
distribution through the mains; and a portion of the use of
LPG as an internal combustion engine fuel.
Sources of the annual sales data for creating annual energy
shares are:
19731982: EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by
Form EIA-174, Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.
1983: End-use consumption estimates for 1983 are based
on 1982 end-use consumption because the collection of data
under Form EIA-174 was discontinued after data year 1982.
1984 forward: American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales
of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,"
which is based on an LPG sales survey jointly sponsored
by API, the Gas Processors Association, and the National
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association. EIA adjusts the data
to remove quantities of pentanes plus and to estimate
withheld values.
Lubricants
The consumption of lubricants is allocated to the industrial
and transportation sectors for all months according to proportions developed from annual sales of lubricants to the two
sectors from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, Current Industrial Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and
Industrial Oils and Greases." The 1973 shares are applied to
1973 and 1974; the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976;
and the 1977 shares are applied to 1977 forward.
Motor Gasoline
The total monthly consumption of motor gasoline is
allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of
annual sales categories created on the basis of the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Tables MF-21, MF-24, and
MF-25, as follows:
Commercial sales are the sum of sales for public
non-highway use and miscellaneous and unclassified uses.
63
Industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture,

construction, and industrial and commercial use as classified in the Highway Statistics.
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use
(minus the sales of special fuels, which are primarily diesel
fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of
distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.
Petroleum Coke
Portions of petroleum coke are consumed by the electric
power sector (see sources for Table 7.4b) and the commercial
sector (see sources for Table 7.4c). The remaining petroleum
coke is assigned to the industrial sector.
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual fuel oil consumption is assigned to the sectors as
follows:
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power
Sector
See sources for Table 7.4b. For 19731979, electric utility
consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the
amount of petroleum consumed in steam-electric power
plants. For 19802000, electric utility consumption of
residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount of heavy oil
(fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Annually
The aggregate end-use amount is total residual fuel oil
supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric
power sector. The end-use total consumed annually is
allocated to the individual end-use sectors (commercial,
industrial, and transportation) in proportion to each
sectors share of sales as reported in EIAs Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-535),
which is based primarily on data collected by Form
EIA-821, Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year
are based on the most recent Sales report.
Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:
Since 1979, commercial sales data are directly from the
Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales subtotal of
the heating plus industrial category is allocated to the
commercial and industrial sectors in proportion to the
1979 shares.
Since 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of sales for
industrial, oil company, and all other uses. Prior to 1979,
each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial
category is allocated to the commercial and industrial
sectors in proportion to the 1979 shares, and the
estimated industrial portion is added to oil company and
all other uses.
64
Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad,

vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years.
Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,
Monthly
Commercial sector monthly consumption is estimated by
allocating the annual estimates, which are described
above, into the months in proportion to each month's
share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For each
month of the current year, the consumption increase from
the same month in the previous year is based on the
percent increase in that months No. 2 heating oil sales
from the same month in the previous year.) The years'
No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following
sources: for 19731980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly
Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the
American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating
Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,
"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum
Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users
and for Resale.
A residual fuel oil balance is calculated as total residual
fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the
electric power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial
combined-heat-and-power plants (see sources for Table
7.4c).
Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by
multiplying each months residual fuel oil balance by the
annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil balance.
Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as
total residual fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by
the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors.
Consumption of all remaining petroleum products is
assigned to the industrial sector.
Other petroleum
products include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,
special naphthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and
miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes
negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil
reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from
both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as
gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also
includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also
includes naphtha-type jet fuel.
Table 3.8a Sources

Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene, Petroleum Coke, and
Residual Fuel Oil
Residential and/or commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for these petroleum products are
from Table 3.7a, and are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in

Table A1.
Residential and commercial sector consumption data in
thousand barrels per day for LPG are from Table 3.7a, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane
heat content factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
Commercial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7a, and are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the motor
gasoline heat content factors in Table A3.
Total Petroleum
Residential sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown
under Residential Sector in Table 3.8a. Commercial
sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the data in
trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Commercial Sector in Table 3.8a.
Table 3.8b Sources

Asphalt and Road Oil, Distillate Fuel Oil, Kerosene,
Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for these petroleum products are from Table 3.7b, and
are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in Table A1.
Industrial sector consumption data for LPG are calculated
by subtracting LPG consumption data in trillion Btu for
the residential (Table 3.8a), commercial (Table 3.8a), and
transportation (Table 3.8c) sectors from total LPG
consumption (Table 3.6).
Motor Gasoline
Industrial sector consumption data in thousand barrels per
day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7b, and are

Industrial sector Other petroleum data are equal to the
Other petroleum data in Table 3.6.
Total Petroleum
Industrial sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of
the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown in
Table 3.8b.
Table 3.8c Sources

Aviation Gasoline, Distillate Fuel Oil, Lubricants, Petroleum Coke, and Residual Fuel Oil
Transportation and/or electric power sector consumption
data in thousand barrels per day for these petroleum
products are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to trillion
Btu by multiplying by the appropriate heat content factors in
Table A1.
Jet Fuel
Transportation sector consumption data in thousand barrels
per day for kerosene-type jet fuel and, through 2004,
naphtha-type jet fuel (see sources for Table 3.7c) are
converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the appropriate
heat content factors in Table A1. Total transportation sector
jet fuel consumption is the sum of the data in trillion Btu for
kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel.
per day for LPG are from Table 3.7c, and are converted to
trillion Btu by multiplying by the propane heat content
factor in Table A1.
Motor Gasoline
per day for motor gasoline are from Table 3.7c, and are
Total Petroleum
Transportation sector total petroleum consumption is the
sum of the data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products
shown under Transportation Sector in Table 3.8c. Electric
power sector total petroleum consumption is the sum of the
data in trillion Btu for the petroleum products shown under
Electric Power Sector in Table 3.8c.
65
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
.
4. Natural
Gas
Figure 4.1 Natural Gas

(Trillion Cubic Feet)
Overview, 1973-2011
Overview, Monthly
30
3.5
25
Consumption
3.0
Consumption
2.5
20
Dry Production
15
2.0
Dry
Production
1.5
10
1.0
5
Net Imports
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Consumption by Sector, 1973-2011
0.5
Net Imports
0.0
2010
2011
2012
Consumption by Sector, Monthly
12
1.2
Industrial
10
Residential
Electric
Power
0.9
8
Industrial
0.6
Residential
Electric Power
0.3
2
Commercial
Commercial
Transportation
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Underground Storage, End of Year, 1973-2011
Transportation
0.0
2010
2011
2012
Underground Storage, End of Month

9
8
Total
Total
6
6
4
Working Gas
Base Gas
Working Gas
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Base Gas
0
2010
2011
2012
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas.

Sources: Tables 4.1, 4.3, and 4.4.
68
Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview

(Billion Cubic Feet)
Gross
Withdrawalsa
Marketed
Production
(Wet)b
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
24,067
21,104
21,870
19,607
21,523
23,744
24,114
24,213
24,108
23,823
24,174
24,501
23,941
24,119
23,970
23,457
23,535
24,664
25,636
26,057
i22,648
i20,109
917
872
777
816
784
908
958
964
938
973
1,016
954
957
876
927
876
906
930
953
1,024
i21,731
i19,236
20,180
17,270
18,594
19,506
19,812
19,866
19,961
19,805
20,198
20,570
19,885
19,974
19,517
18,927
19,410
20,196
21,112
21,648
19,403
16,454
17,810
18,599
18,854
18,902
19,024
18,832
19,182
19,616
18,928
19,099
18,591
18,051
18,504
19,266
20,159
20,624
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2,224
2,057
2,296
2,187
2,231
2,134
2,221
2,241
2,251
2,343
2,266
2,388
26,836
1,838
1,692
1,884
1,810
1,881
1,797
1,908
1,924
1,874
1,942
1,882
1,971
22,402
88
81
90
86
90
86
91
92
89
93
90
94
1,070
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2,309
2,109
2,423
2,363
2,420
2,330
2,344
2,371
2,371
2,496
2,483
R 2,557
R 28,576
E 1,972
E 1,752
E 2,020
E 1,979
E 2,046
E 1,977
E 2,044
E 2,051
E 2,005
E 2,112
E 2,074
RE 2,138
RE 24,170
2012 January ................
2,578
E 2,148
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Extraction
Lossc
Dry Gas
Productiond
Supplemental
Gaseous
Fuelse
Trade
Net
Storage
Withdrawalsf
Imports
Exports
Net
Imports
NA
NA
155
126
123
110
109
103
102
98
90
86
68
68
60
64
66
63
61
65
1,033
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
77
73
49
55
86
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
956
880
936
894
1,447
2,687
2,784
2,837
2,993
3,422
3,538
3,604
3,499
3,264
3,404
3,612
3,462
3,785
3,021
2,679
-442
-344
23
235
-513
415
2
24
-530
172
829
-1,166
467
-197
-114
52
-436
192
34
-355
-196
-235
-640
-428
307
396
860
871
657
-119
-306
99
65
44
461
236
103
-203
2
-103
22,049
19,538
19,877
17,281
j19,174
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
1,750
1,611
1,794
1,723
1,791
1,712
1,817
1,832
1,785
1,849
1,792
1,877
21,332
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
5
6
65
385
324
319
298
298
282
329
305
282
295
273
352
3,741
94
88
100
76
86
90
86
84
79
96
124
135
1,137
291
236
219
223
212
192
243
221
202
199
150
217
2,604
822
628
34
-364
-416
-326
-231
-190
-363
-360
77
675
-13
-86
-24
65
80
-2
41
-35
-15
-16
-54
-78
-89
-213
2,783
2,456
2,117
1,667
1,591
1,624
1,800
1,853
1,612
1,639
1,947
2,685
23,775
92
79
99
95
101
95
99
99
95
104
104
107
1,169
E 1,880
E 1,674
E 1,921
E 1,884
E 1,945
E 1,881
E 1,944
E 1,951
E 1,910
E 2,008
E 1,971
RE 2,031
RE 23,000
6
5
6
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
61
371
308
314
278
271
265
293
279
253
278
R 248
R 295
R 3,453
136
125
145
127
132
120
113
111
127
110
128
134
1,507
235
183
170
152
139
146
179
168
126
169
R 120
R 161
R 1,946
799
584
145
-212
-398
-340
-244
-244
-398
-385
-37
384
-348
-41
-3
-11
2
-21
-38
-5
-3
-2
-50
R -52
R -66
R -290
2,879
2,443
2,231
1,830
1,668
1,653
1,880
1,877
1,641
1,747
2,007
2,515
24,369
101
E 2,047
280
133
147
545
-12
2,733
a Gas withdrawn from natural gas and crude oil wells; excludes lease
condensate.
b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and
vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section.
c See Note 2, "Natural Gas Extraction Loss," at end of section.
d Marketed production (wet) minus extraction loss.
e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section.
f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 1980-2010, also includes net
withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural
Gas Storage," at end of section.
g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Since 1980,
excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas
delivered to its destination via the other country).
h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.
i May include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases.
Balancing ConsumpItemg
tionh
j For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power

producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on
Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at end of section.
Notes: See Note 8, "Natural Gas Adjustments, 1993-2000," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#naturalgas for all
Sources: Imports and Exports: Table 4.2. Consumption: Table 4.3.
Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production,
supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals. All Other
Data: 1973-2006U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas
Annual, annual reports. 2007 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly, March 2012,
Table 1.
69
Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country

Imports
Exports
Algeriaa Canadab Egypta Mexicob Nigeriaa Qatara

1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Trinidad
and
Tobagoa Othera,c
Total
Canadab
Japana
Mexicob Othera,d
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
3
5
86
24
84
18
35
66
69
76
47
65
27
53
120
97
17
77
0
0
1,028
948
797
926
1,448
2,816
2,883
2,899
3,052
3,368
3,544
3,729
3,785
3,437
3,607
3,700
3,590
3,783
3,589
3,271
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
120
115
55
160
2
0
102
0
0
7
14
17
15
55
12
10
2
0
0
9
13
54
43
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
38
8
50
12
8
57
95
12
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
46
23
35
14
12
3
0
18
3
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
99
98
151
378
462
439
389
448
267
236
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
17
17
21
14
8
11
46
11
0
18
15
29
1,033
953
985
950
1,532
2,841
2,937
2,994
3,152
3,586
3,782
3,977
4,015
3,944
4,259
4,341
4,186
4,608
3,984
3,751
15
10
0
0
17
28
52
56
40
39
73
167
189
271
395
358
341
482
559
701
48
53
45
53
53
65
68
62
66
64
66
66
63
66
62
65
61
47
39
31
14
9
4
2
16
61
34
38
53
61
106
141
263
343
397
305
322
292
365
338
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
77
73
49
55
86
154
153
157
159
163
244
373
516
680
854
729
724
822
963
1,072
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
327
277
276
252
257
248
291
282
250
257
242
322
3,280
17
12
9
6
9
6
6
0
6
3
0
0
73
1
1
5
5
4
2
1
1
3
4
(s)
1
30
0
0
3
9
9
11
5
0
3
2
0
0
42
12
6
1
9
0
0
0
0
0
5
9
4
46
22
16
16
15
16
11
17
17
16
15
14
15
190
6
12
9
3
3
5
8
5
3
9
9
9
81
385
324
319
298
298
282
329
305
282
295
273
352
3,741
68
60
77
50
55
51
50
49
50
63
84
82
739
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
7
2
2
3
33
23
22
21
22
29
34
32
33
23
25
30
38
333
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
6
8
12
32
94
88
100
76
86
90
86
84
79
96
124
135
1,137
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
331
276
275
245
235
238
272
249
233
247
R 232
R 269
R 3,102
3
6
6
6
3
6
0
0
0
3
0
3
35
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
13
0
14
4
24
5
5
8
4
8
3
4
91
16
11
10
11
8
11
13
11
8
8
12
10
129
9
15
9
13
0
6
3
9
9
12
0
9
92
371
308
314
278
271
265
293
279
253
278
R 248
R 295
R 3,453
85
84
98
76
80
71
64
67
77
64
84
87
937
2
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
2
0
2
0
18
37
37
41
43
44
47
47
42
39
43
39
42
500
13
3
3
6
6
0
3
0
8
3
3
5
52
136
125
145
127
132
120
113
111
127
110
128
134
1,507
2012 January ................
264
(s)
280
84
43
133
As liquefied natural gas.

b By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported
from Canada in 1973, 1977, and 1981 and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.
See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.
c Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007;
Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008
forward; Oman in 2000-2005; Peru in 2010 and 2011; United Arab Emirates in
1996-2000; Yemen in 2010 forward; and Other (unassigned) in 2004.
d Brazil in 2010 and 2011; China in 2011; Chile in 2011; India in 2010 forward;
Russia in 2007; South Korea in 2009-2011; Spain in 2010 and 2011; and United
Kingdom in 2010 and 2011.
70
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet.

Notes: See Note 9, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S.
geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: 1973-1987: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."
1988-2008: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 2009 forward: EIA,
Natural Gas Monthly, March 2012, Tables 4 and 5; and U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Industrial
Transportation
Pipelinesd
Other Industrial
Residential
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Commerciala
Lease and
Plant Fuel
CHPb
Non-CHPc
Total
Total
h
h
h
h
and Distributione
Vehicle
Fuel
Total
Electric
Power
Sectorf,g
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
4,879
4,924
4,752
4,433
4,391
4,850
5,241
4,984
4,520
4,726
4,996
4,771
4,889
5,079
4,869
4,827
4,368
4,722
4,892
4,779
2,597
2,508
2,611
2,432
2,623
3,031
3,158
3,215
2,999
3,045
3,182
3,023
3,144
3,179
3,129
2,999
2,832
3,013
3,153
3,119
1,496
1,396
1,026
966
1,236
1,220
1,250
1,203
1,173
1,079
1,151
1,119
1,113
1,122
1,098
1,112
1,142
1,226
1,220
1,275
( )
( )
( )
( )
1,055
1,258
1,289
1,282
1,355
1,401
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
8,689
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 5,963
6,906
7,146
7,229
6,965
6,678
6,757
6,035
6,287
6,007
6,066
5,518
5,412
5,604
5,715
5,178
8,689
6,968
7,172
5,901
i 7,018
8,164
8,435
8,511
8,320
8,079
8,142
7,344
7,527
7,150
7,256
6,601
6,527
6,655
6,670
6,167
10,185
8,365
8,198
6,867
8,255
9,384
9,685
9,714
9,493
9,158
9,293
8,463
8,640
8,273
8,354
7,713
7,669
7,881
7,890
7,443
728
583
635
504
660
700
711
751
635
645
642
625
667
591
566
584
584
621
648
670
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
5
6
8
9
12
13
15
15
18
21
23
24
25
26
27
728
583
635
504
660
705
718
760
645
657
655
640
682
610
587
607
608
646
674
697
3,660
3,158
3,682
3,044
i 3,245
4,237
3,807
4,065
4,588
4,820
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
22,049
19,538
19,877
17,281
i 19,174
22,207
22,609
22,737
22,246
22,405
23,333
22,239
23,027
22,277
22,403
22,014
21,699
23,104
23,277
22,910
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
934
796
580
313
198
134
111
107
117
202
447
848
4,787
499
441
337
215
161
130
120
127
133
185
287
467
3,102
106
98
109
104
107
102
107
108
107
112
108
114
1,282
90
80
84
79
82
84
91
95
87
84
82
92
1,029
526
490
488
435
437
420
420
419
424
438
469
521
5,488
616
570
572
514
519
504
512
514
511
522
551
613
6,517
722
667
681
618
626
607
619
622
618
634
659
727
7,800
80
70
60
46
44
45
50
52
45
45
55
76
669
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
31
82
72
62
49
47
48
53
55
47
48
57
79
700
546
480
457
471
560
706
897
943
697
570
497
564
7,387
2,783
2,456
2,117
1,667
1,591
1,624
1,800
1,853
1,612
1,639
1,947
2,685
23,775
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
971
774
608
348
208
133
112
110
122
229
431
688
4,735
529
435
365
236
168
133
126
133
141
216
282
398
3,161
E 113
E 100
E 116
E 113
E 117
E 113
E 117
E 117
E 115
E 121
E 119
E 122
E 1,383
89
79
81
82
87
83
88
89
84
81
86
94
1,024
551
501
513
469
461
437
439
448
444
469
487
527
5,746
640
581
594
552
548
520
527
537
528
550
572
620
6,769
753
681
710
665
665
633
644
655
643
671
691
R 742
8,153
E 81
E 69
E 63
E 51
E 47
E 47
E 53
E 53
E 46
E 49
E 56
E 71
E 686
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E3
E 33
E 84
E 71
E 66
E 54
E 50
E 49
E 56
E 56
E 49
E 52
E 59
E 74
E 718
542
482
483
526
578
705
942
923
686
578
543
612
7,602
2,879
2,443
2,231
1,830
1,668
1,653
1,880
1,877
1,641
1,747
2,007
2,515
24,369
2012 January ................
802
449
E 123
94
534
628
751
E 77
E3
E 80
651
2,733
a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See
Table 7.4c for CHP fuel use.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and
"CHP."
d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers.
f The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
h Included in "Non-CHP."
i For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power
producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector."
See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at end of section.
R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic
feet.
Notes: Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
gaseous fuels. See Note 8, "Natural Gas Adjustments, 1993-2000," at end of

section. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at
end of Section 7. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Sources: Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other
Industrial Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 1973-2006U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and
unpublished revisions. 2007 forwardEIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), March
2012, Table 2. Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. Vehicle Fuel: 1990 and
1991EIA, NGA 2000, (November 2001), Table 95.
1992-1998EIA,
"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10,
and "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004),
Table 10. Data for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in
gasoline-equivalent gallons were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the
motor gasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas
end-use sectors conversion factor (see Table A4). 1999-2006EIA, NGA, annual
reports. 2007 forwardEIA, NGM, March 2012, Table 2. Electric Power
Sector: Table 7.4b.
71
Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage

(Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)
Natural Gas in
Underground Storage,
End of Period
Change in Working Gas

From Same Period
Previous Year
Storage Activity
Base Gas
Working Gas
Totala
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
2,864
3,162
3,642
3,842
3,868
4,349
4,341
4,350
4,326
4,383
4,352
4,301
4,340
4,303
4,201
4,200
4,211
4,234
4,232
4,277
2,034
2,212
2,655
2,607
3,068
2,153
2,173
2,175
2,730
2,523
1,719
2,904
2,375
2,563
2,696
2,635
3,070
2,879
2,840
3,130
4,898
5,374
6,297
6,448
6,936
6,503
6,513
6,525
7,056
6,906
6,071
7,204
6,715
6,866
6,897
6,835
7,281
7,113
7,073
7,407
305
162
-99
-270
555
-453
19
2
554
-207
-806
1,185
-528
187
133
-61
435
-191
-39
290
17.6
7.9
-3.6
-9.4
22.1
-17.4
.9
.1
25.5
-7.6
-31.9
68.9
-18.2
7.9
5.2
-2.3
16.5
-6.2
-1.4
10.2
1,533
1,760
1,910
2,359
1,934
2,974
2,911
2,824
2,379
2,772
3,498
2,309
3,138
3,099
3,037
3,057
2,493
3,325
3,374
2,966
1,974
2,104
1,896
2,128
2,433
2,566
2,906
2,800
2,905
2,598
2,684
3,464
2,670
3,292
3,150
3,002
2,924
3,133
3,340
3,315
-442
-344
14
231
-499
408
6
24
-526
174
814
-1,156
468
-193
-113
55
-431
192
34
-349
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,276
4,278
4,278
4,278
4,279
4,287
4,287
4,290
4,294
4,305
4,309
4,301
4,301
2,304
1,683
1,652
2,011
2,420
2,740
2,966
3,153
3,508
3,851
3,769
3,111
3,111
6,580
5,961
5,930
6,289
6,699
7,027
7,253
7,443
7,801
8,156
8,078
7,412
7,412
171
-75
-7
101
45
-20
-125
-206
-138
41
-69
-19
-19
8.0
-4.2
-.4
5.3
1.9
-.7
-4.0
-6.1
-3.8
1.1
-1.8
-.6
-.6
873
657
238
68
53
64
112
137
52
52
237
731
3,274
63
38
207
427
463
385
339
323
411
407
163
66
3,291
811
619
31
-360
-410
-321
-227
-186
-359
-355
74
665
-17
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4,306
4,306
4,304
4,307
4,308
4,305
4,304
4,304
4,305
4,305
4,302
4,305
4,305
2,308
1,724
1,581
1,789
2,188
2,530
2,774
3,020
3,416
3,804
3,843
3,462
3,462
6,614
6,029
5,884
6,096
6,495
6,835
7,079
7,323
7,721
8,109
8,145
7,767
7,767
4
40
-72
-222
-232
-210
-192
-133
-92
-46
74
351
351
.2
2.4
-4.3
-11.0
-9.6
-7.7
-6.5
-4.2
-2.6
-1.2
2.0
11.3
11.3
852
668
317
108
66
90
124
138
64
62
198
488
3,175
53
84
172
320
464
430
368
382
462
448
235
105
3,523
799
584
145
-212
-398
-340
-244
-244
-398
-385
-37
384
-348
2012 January ................
4,307
2,916
7,223
608
26.4
633
88
545
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see
Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
b For 1980-2010, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes
liquefied natural gas storage for that period.
c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections.
Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net
withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending
stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.
Sources:
Storage Activity: 1973-1975U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.
72
Volume
Percent
Withdrawals
Injections
Netb,c
1976-1979EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.

1980-1995EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11.
1996-2006EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues.
2007
forwardEIA, NGM, March 2012, Table 8. All Other Data: 1973 and
1974American Gas Association, Gas Facts, 1972 Data, Table 57, Gas Facts,
1973 Data, Table 57, and Gas Facts, 1974 Data, Table 40.
1975 and
1976Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground
Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,
"Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1979-1995EIA,
Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,
"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1996-2006EIA, NGM, monthly issues. 2007
forwardEIA, NGM, March 2012, Table 8.
Natural Gas
Note 1. Natural Gas Production. Final annual data are
from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Natural Gas Annual (NGA).
Data for the two most recent months presented are
estimated. Some of the data for earlier months are also estimated or computed. For a discussion of computation and
estimation procedures, see the EIA Natural Gas Monthly
(NGM).
Monthly data are considered preliminary until after publication
of the EIA NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from
reports to the Interstate Oil Compact Commission and the U.S.
Minerals Management Service. Volumetric data are converted,
as necessary, to a standard 14.73 psi pressure base. Unless
there are major changes, data are not revised until after publication of the EIA NGA.
Differences between annual data in the EIA NGA and the
sum of preliminary monthly data (JanuaryDecember) are
allocated proportionally to the months to create final
monthly data.
Note 2. Natural Gas Extraction Loss. Extraction loss is
the reduction in volume of natural gas resulting from the
removal of natural gas liquid constituents at natural gas
processing plants.
Annual data are from the EIA NGA, where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the calculated volume
of such products at standard conditions. For a detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive estimated extraction
losses, see the EIA NGA.
Preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of
extraction loss as an annual percentage of marketed
production. This percentage is applied to each months
marketed production to estimate monthly extraction loss.
Monthly data are revised and considered final after the publication of the EIA NGA. Final monthly data are estimated by
allocating annual extraction loss data to the months on the basis
of total natural gas marketed production data from the EIA
NGA.
Note 3. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental
gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or
commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not
limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still
gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases
added for Btu stabilization.
Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the EIA NGA.
Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels are
included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.
Monthly data are considered preliminary until after the publication of the EIA NGA. Monthly estimates are based on the
annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to the sum of dry
gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.
The ratio is applied to the monthly sum of the three elements
to compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure.
Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels
consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed
by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates
are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous
fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid
double-counting in these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are
accounted for in their primary energy category: Coal, Petroleum, or Biomass). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous
fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power
sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease
and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The
estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each
sector (residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power) is calculated as that sectors natural gas consumption
(see Table 4.3) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption
by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric
power sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total
supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1). For
estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels
in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values
in cubic feet are multiplied by the End-Use Sectors conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in
cubic feet are multiplied by the Electric Power Sector conversion factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels
consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values
for the sectors.
Note 4. Natural Gas Storage. Natural gas in storage at
the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity
derived by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous
period. The difference is due to changes in the quantity of
native gas included in the base gas and/or losses in base gas
due to migration from storage reservoirs.
Total underground storage capacity, which includes both
active and inactive fields, at the end of each calendar year
since 1975 (first year data were available), in billion cubic
feet, was:
1975 . . . 6,280
1988 . . . 8,124
2001 . . . 8,182
1976 . . . 6,544
1989 . . . 8,120
2002 . . . 8,207
1977 . . . 6,678
1990 . . . 7,794
2003 . . . 8,206
1978 . . . 6,890
1991 . . . 7,993
2004 . . . 8,255
1979 . . . 6,929
1992 . . . 7,932
2005 . . . 8,268
1980 . . . 7,434
1993 . . . 7,989
2006 . . . 8,330
1981 . . . 7,805
1994 . . . 8,043
2007 . . . 8,402
1982 . . . 7,915
1995 . . . 7,953
2008 . . . 8,499
1983 . . . 7,985
1996 . . . 7,980
2009 . . . 8,656
1984 . . . 8,043
1997 . . . 8,332
2010 . . . 8,764
1985 . . . 8,087
1998 . . . 8,179
2011 . . . p8,776
1986 . . . 8,145
1999 . . . 8,229
1987 . . . 8,124
2000 . . . 8,241
P=Preliminary
73
Monthly underground storage data are collected from the

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Form FERC-8
(interstate data) and EIA Form EIA-191 (intrastate data).
Beginning in January 1991, all data are collected on the revised
Form EIA-191. Injection and withdrawal data from the FERC8/EIA-191 survey are adjusted to correspond to data from Form
EIA-176 following publication of the EIA NGA.
The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data
for 19802010 include both underground and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) storage. Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA-176. Monthly
data are estimated by computing the ratio of each months
underground storage additions and withdrawals to annual
underground storage additions and withdrawals and
applying the ratio to the annual LNG data.
Note 5. Natural Gas Balancing Item. The balancing item
for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of
the components of natural gas supply and the sum of
components of natural gas disposition. The differences may
be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting
problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the
net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying
temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard
temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in
company accounting and billing practices; differences between
billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances
resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary
in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
The increase of 0.2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in the Balancing Item category in 1983, followed by a decline of 0.5 Tcf
in 1984, reflected unusually large differences resulting from
the use of the annual billing cycle (essentially December 15
through the following December 14) consumption data in
conjunction with calendar year supply data. Record cold
temperatures during the last half of December 1983 resulted
in a reported 0.3 Tcf increase in net withdrawals from
underground storage for peak shaving as compared with the
same period in 1982, but the effect of this cold weather was
reflected primarily in 1984 consumption data. For underground storage data, see Table F2 in the May 1985 EIA
NGM, which was published in July 1985.
Note 6. Natural Gas Consumption. Consumption
includes use for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution,
vehicle fuel, and electric power plants, as well as deliveries to
residential, commercial, and other industrial customers.
EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental

Gas Supply and Disposition. As a result, for 1989
through 1992, those volumes are probably included in both
the industrial and electric power sectors and doublecounted in total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic
feet was reported as delivered to nonutility generators.
Note 8. Natural Gas Data Adjustments, 19932000. For
19932000, the original data for natural gas delivered to
industrial consumers (now Other Industrial in Table 4.3)
included deliveries to both industrial users and independent
power producers (IPPs). These data were adjusted to
remove the estimated consumption at IPPs from Other
Industrial and include it with electric utilities under Electric Power Sector. (To estimate the monthly IPP consumption,
the monthly pattern for Other Industrial CHP in Table 4.3 was
used.)
For 19962000, monthly data for several natural gas series
shown in EIAs Natural Gas Navigator (see
http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm)
were not reconciled and updated to be consistent with the
final annual data in EIAs NGA. In the Monthly Energy
Review, monthly data for these series were adjusted so that
the monthly data sum to the final annual values. The Table
4.1 data series (and years) that were adjusted are: Gross
Withdrawals (1996, 1997), Marketed Production (1997),
Extraction Loss (1997, 1998, 2000), Dry Gas Production
(1996, 1997), Supplemental Gaseous Fuels (19972000),
Balancing Item (19972000), and Total Consumption (1997
2000). The Table 4.3 data series (and years) that were
adjusted are: Lease and Plant Fuel (19972000), Total Industrial (19972000), Pipelines and Distribution (2000), Total
Transportation (2000), and Total Consumption (19972000).
Note 9. Natural Gas Imports and Exports. The United
States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and
Mexico; and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via
tanker from Algeria, Australia, Brunei, Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Peru, Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. In addition, very small amounts of LNG
arrived from Canada in 1973 (667 million cubic feet),
1977 (572 million cubic feet), and 1981 (6 million cubic
feet). The United States exports natural gas via pipeline to
Canada and Mexico; and exports LNG via tanker to Brazil,
China, Chile, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, and
United Kingdom. Also, small amounts of LNG have gone
to Mexico since 1998.
Final data for series other than Other Industrial CHP and
Electric Power Sector are from the EIA NGA. Monthly data
are considered preliminary until after publication of the EIA
NGA. For more detailed information on the methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see the EIA NGM.
Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA
Form FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters
of Natural Gas, which requires data to be reported by
month for the calendar year.
Note 7. Natural Gas Consumption, 19891992. Prior to

1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form
Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion

of estimation procedures, see the EIA NGM. Preliminary data
are revised after the publication of the EIA U.S. Imports and
Exports of Natural Gas.
74
5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development
Figure 5.1
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, 1973-2011
Rotary Rigs in Operation by Type, Monthly
2.5
2.0
Thousand Rigs
Thousand Rigs
Total
2
Natural
Gas
Total
1.5
Crude Oil
1.0
Natural Gas
1
0.5
Crude Oil
0.0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly
J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

2010
2011
20 12
Footage Drilled, Monthly

40
2.5
2011
2012
2012
2011
30
2010
Million Feet
Thousand Rigs
2.0
1.5
1.0
2010
20
10
0.5
0
0.0
J
Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1973-2011

50
20
10
2.0
Thousand Wells
30
Crude Oil
Wells
1.5
1.0
Natural Gas
Wells
0.5
Dry Wells
Dry Wells
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0.0
J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND
2010
2011
20 12
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude.

Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.2.
76
2.5
Crude Oil
Wells
Natural Gas
Wells
Thousand Wells
Total Wells Drilled by Type, Monthly
40
Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements
(Number of Rigs)
Rotary Rigs in Operationa
By Site
Onshore
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
By Type
Offshore
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Totalb
Active
Well Service
Rig Countc
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
1,110
1,554
2,678
1,774
902
622
671
821
703
519
778
1,003
717
924
1,095
1,287
1,559
1,695
1,814
1,046
84
106
231
206
108
101
108
122
123
106
140
153
113
108
97
94
90
72
65
44
NA
NA
NA
NA
532
323
306
376
264
128
197
217
137
157
165
194
274
297
379
278
NA
NA
NA
NA
464
385
464
564
560
496
720
939
691
872
1,025
1,184
1,372
1,466
1,491
801
1,194
1,660
2,909
1,980
1,010
723
779
943
827
625
918
1,156
830
1,032
1,192
1,381
1,649
1,768
1,879
1,089
2,008
2,486
4,089
4,716
3,658
3,041
3,445
3,499
3,014
2,232
2,692
2,267
1,830
1,967
2,064
2,222
2,364
2,388
2,515
1,722
2010 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,225
1,305
1,368
1,426
1,464
1,511
1,558
1,619
1,635
1,647
1,662
1,687
1,514
42
45
51
53
49
20
15
20
19
21
22
24
31
433
446
471
508
541
566
591
644
668
693
723
759
591
822
892
933
959
960
953
971
983
977
966
950
940
943
1,267
1,350
1,419
1,479
1,513
1,531
1,573
1,638
1,655
1,668
1,683
1,711
1,546
1,706
1,726
1,754
1,816
1,818
1,857
1,852
1,900
1,918
1,965
1,971
1,968
1,854
2011 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
April ...............................
May ................................
June ...............................
July ................................
August ...........................
September .....................
October ..........................
November ......................
December ......................
Average ........................
1,686
1,692
1,694
1,762
1,804
1,829
1,865
1,923
1,946
1,982
1,974
1,960
1,844
26
26
26
28
32
34
35
35
32
35
37
42
32
793
801
830
896
948
979
1,014
1,055
1,063
1,077
1,125
1,173
980
909
907
884
885
878
877
880
894
907
933
880
824
888
1,711
1,718
1,720
1,790
1,836
1,863
1,900
1,957
1,978
2,017
2,011
2,002
1,876
2,004
1,990
2,044
2,052
2,047
2,069
2,116
2,136
2,115
2,100
2,100
2,131
2,075
2012 January ..........................

February ........................
March .............................
3-Month Average .........
1,961
1,949
1,935
1,947
42
42
43
42
1,208
1,261
1,307
1,262
790
723
667
722
2,003
1,990
1,979
1,990
2,154
2,135
2,143
2,144
2011 3-Month Average .........

2010 3-Month Average .........
1,691
1,299
26
46
808
450
900
882
1,716
1,345
2,013
1,729
a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly. Monthly data are averages of 4or 5-week reporting periods, not calendar months. Multi-month data are averages
of the reported data over the covered months, not averages of the weekly data.
Annual data are averages over 52 or 53 weeks, not calendar years. Published data
are rounded to the nearest whole number.
b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not
shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells,
and stratigraphic tests.
c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well),
or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed
and working every day of the month.
NA=Not available.
Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude for all
Sources:
Rotary Rigs in Operation: By SiteBaker Hughes, Inc.,
Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Runningby State. By TypeBaker Hughes,
Inc., Houston, Texas, weekly phone recording. Active Well Service
Rig Count:
Cameron International Corporation, Houston, Texas. See
http://www.c-a-m.com/Forms/Product.aspx?prodID=cdc209c4-79a3-47e5-99c2fdeda6d4aad6.
77
Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells
Wells Drilled
Exploratory
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Development
Dry
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Total
Crude
Oil
Natural
Gas
Dry
Total
Thousand
Feet
Number
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
642
982
1,777
1,680
778
570
489
491
327
197
288
357
258
350
383
539
646
808
897
R 605
1,067
1,248
2,099
1,200
811
558
576
562
566
570
657
1,052
844
997
1,671
2,141
2,456
2,794
2,345
1,206
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 56
91
71
85
R 78
107
R 100
103
104
73
87
114
92
R 1,105
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
66
64
71
R 68
87
80
94
R 72
R 82
R 86
109
109
R 988
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
3-Month Total .....
109
110
110
329

201
159
R 45
58
49
R 48
61
46
59
60
72
65
57
676
73
R 57
75
68
83
R 90
R 70
87
R 69
96
81
R 68
R 917
67
5,952
7,129
9,081
8,954
3,652
2,024
1,956
2,113
1,590
1,157
1,341
1,733
1,282
1,297
1,350
1,462
1,547
1,582
1,715
1,060
7,661
9,359
12,957
11,834
5,241
3,152
3,021
3,166
2,483
1,924
2,286
3,142
2,384
2,644
3,404
4,142
4,649
5,184
4,957
R 2,871
9,525
15,966
31,182
33,581
12,061
7,678
8,347
10,715
7,355
4,608
7,802
8,531
6,517
7,779
8,406
10,240
12,739
12,522
15,736
10,630
918
892
1,109
1,198
1,296
1,420
1,415
1,467
1,471
1,564
1,510
1,402
15,662
1,514
1,347
1,581
1,593
1,720
1,839
1,918
1,851
R 1,706
2,160
2,215
2,215
R 21,659
82
R 229
R 68
R 184
91
234
207
R 244
R 255
R 259
260
226
282
288
219
R 2,887
R 80
89
94
R 110
97
93
123
109
70
R 1,106
87
64
70
62
90
73
116
81
R 83
110
118
119
R 1,073
46
164
137
120
120
377
205
247
221
241
R 51
226
R 185
216
R 198
260
R 243
R 280
R 240
R 234
R 292
308
R 296
R 2,978
313
276
870
2,215
2,216
2,217
6,648
627
647
4,442
2,919
R 281
5,866
6,879
15,362
13,124
10,435
7,524
8,451
10,936
11,073
11,457
16,394
21,020
16,498
19,725
22,515
26,449
30,382
29,925
29,901
17,083
4,368
6,517
11,704
12,257
4,593
2,790
2,934
3,761
3,171
2,393
2,805
2,865
2,472
2,685
2,732
3,191
3,659
3,396
3,569
R 2,448
19,759
29,362
58,248
58,962
27,089
17,992
19,732
25,412
21,599
18,458
27,001
32,416
25,487
30,189
33,653
39,880
46,780
45,843
49,206
R 30,161
10,167
16,948
32,959
35,261
12,839
8,248
8,836
11,206
7,682
4,805
8,090
8,888
6,775
8,129
8,789
10,779
13,385
13,330
16,633
R 11,235
1,284
R 169
R 2,371
R 1,098
R 144
R 2,134
1,245
1,189
1,241
R 1,261
1,443
1,434
1,387
1,503
1,439
1,475
R 15,999
220
258
264
309
R 400
321
279
R 292
288
258
R 3,202
2,574
2,645
2,801
R 2,990
R 3,258
3,222
3,137
R 3,359
3,237
3,135
R 34,863
1,167
1,247
R 1,344
1,481
1,461
1,526
1,531
1,636
1,575
1,459
16,338
1,174
1,143
1,285
1,253
R 1,095
1,232
1,138
1,201
R 1,163
R 1,258
1,354
1,145
R 14,441
235
201
297
248
323
324
277
334
R 270
342
338
338
R 3,527
2,923
2,691
3,163
3,094
R 3,138
3,395
3,333
3,386
R 3,139
R 3,760
3,907
3,698
R 39,627
1,580
1,411
1,652
R 1,661
1,807
1,919
2,012
R 1,923
R 1,788
R 2,246
2,324
2,324
R 22,647
1,151
3,704
919
3,221
338
339
339
1,016
3,475
10,885
2,324
2,326
2,327
6,977
3,602
3,627
733
533
8,777
7,079
4,643
3,078
R=Revised.
Notes: Prior to 1990, these well counts include only the original drilling of a
hole intended to discover or further develop already discovered crude oil or natural
gas resources. Other drilling activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of
laterals from the original well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for
resources other than crude oil or natural gas are excluded. After 1990, a new well
is defined as the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the
methodology used to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially
reported data, the counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note,
78
R 1,151
Total
Footage
Drilled
R 3,706
6,933
8,127
17,461
14,324
11,246
8,082
9,027
11,498
11,639
12,027
17,051
22,072
17,342
20,722
24,186
28,590
32,838
32,719
32,246
18,289
10,320
13,646
20,785
21,211
8,245
4,814
4,890
5,874
4,761
3,550
4,146
4,598
3,754
3,982
4,082
4,653
5,206
4,978
5,284
R 3,508
27,420
38,721
71,205
70,796
32,330
21,144
22,753
28,578
24,082
20,382
29,287
35,558
27,871
32,833
37,057
44,022
51,429
51,027
54,163
R 33,032
138,223
180,494
316,943
314,409
R 156,056
R 117,186
R 126,369
R 161,300
R 137,241
R 102,845
R 144,439
R 180,116
R 145,171
R 177,258
R 204,277
R 240,334
R 282,696
R 301,327
R 333,518
R 217,899
R 974
1,375
R 251
R 2,600
R 18,167
R 937
R 1,169
R 212
R 2,318
R 16,508
2,808
2,852
R 3,045
R 3,245
R 3,517
3,482
3,363
R 3,641
3,525
3,354
R 37,750
R 20,574
R 271,262
1,330
311
R 1,267
R 338
1,348
R 1,361
1,546
1,538
1,460
1,590
1,553
1,567
R 17,104
353
403
R 510
418
372
R 415
397
328
R 4,308
1,247
322
265
367
310
413
397
393
415
R 353
452
456
457
R 4,600
R 1,200
1,360
1,321
R 1,178
R 1,322
R 1,208
1,288
R 1,232
R 1,354
1,435
R 1,213
R 15,358
1,218
965
3,385
475
459
459
1,393
3,807
3,874
954
774
R 1,202
R 20,269
R 21,806
R 22,939
R 24,988
R 25,435
R 23,751
R 26,167
R 25,901
R 24,757
3,149
R 25,283
R 2,876
R 23,184
3,379
R 28,310
R 3,292
R 27,529
R 3,398
R 24,695
R 3,638
R 26,218
R 3,613
R 25,637
R 3,626
R 27,282
R 3,373
R 26,735
R 4,052
R 30,263
4,215
R 31,143
R 3,994
R 31,617
R 42,605
R 327,896
4,017
R 32,310
R 3,987
R 32,716
3,751
11,755
32,797
97,823
9,404
7,726
76,777
55,249
"Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section.
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#crude for all
Sources: 19731989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
computations based on well reports submitted to the American Petroleum Institute.
1990 forward: EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,
Denver, CO.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource

Development
Note. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and
Development Wells. Three well types are considered in the
Monthly Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics:
completed for crude oil, completed for natural gas, and
dry hole. Wells that productively encounter both crude
oil and natural gas are categorized as completed for crude
oil. Both development wells and exploratory wells (new
field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are
included in the statistics. All other classes of wells drilled in
connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are
excluded. If a lateral is drilled at the same time as the original
hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included.
Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of
completion data for the above types and classes of wells as

reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a
given month. Due to time lags between the date of well
completion and the date of completion reporting to the API,
as-reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate
indicator of drilling activity. During 1982, for example,
as-reported well completions rose, while the number of
actual completions fell. Consequently, the drilling statistics
published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates produced by
statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the
partial data available from the API. These estimates are
subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which
pertain to earlier months and years, become available.
Additional information about the EIA estimation
methodology may be found in Estimating Well
Completions, a feature article published in the March 1985
MER.
79
6. Coal
Figure 6.1
Coal
(Million Short Tons)
Overview, 1973-2011
Overview, Monthly
1,400
120
1,200
1,000
800
100
Production
80
Consumption
Consumption
60
600
40
400
20
200
Production
Net Exports
Net Exports
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
-20
2010
20 11
2012
Consumption by Sector, 1973-2011
Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly
1,200
120
Electric Power
1,000
100
800
80
600
60
400
40
200
Industrial
20
2010
2011
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Stocks, End of Year, 1973-2011
Electric Power Sector Stocks, End of Month
250
240
200
Total
180
182
178
165
150
100
50
Electric
Power
120
60
Producers and Distributors
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
January
2010
January
2011
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal.

Sources: Tables 6.16.3.
82
2012
January
2012
Table 6.1 Coal Overview

(Thousand Short Tons)
Productiona
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
Imports
Exports
Trade
Net Importsc
Stock
Changed
Losses and
Unaccounted
fore
Consumption
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
598,568
654,641
829,700
883,638
1,029,076
1,032,974
1,063,856
1,089,932
1,117,535
1,100,431
1,073,612
1,127,689
1,094,283
1,071,753
1,112,099
1,131,498
1,162,750
1,146,635
1,171,809
1,074,923
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,339
8,561
8,778
8,096
8,690
8,683
9,089
10,085
9,052
10,016
11,299
13,352
14,409
14,076
14,146
13,666
127
940
1,194
1,952
2,699
9,473
8,115
7,487
8,724
9,089
12,513
19,787
16,875
25,044
27,280
30,460
36,246
36,347
34,208
22,639
53,587
66,309
91,742
92,680
105,804
88,547
90,473
83,545
78,048
58,476
58,489
48,666
39,601
43,014
47,998
49,942
49,647
59,163
81,519
59,097
-53,460
-65,369
-90,548
-90,727
-103,104
-79,074
-82,357
-76,058
-69,324
-49,387
-45,976
-28,879
-22,726
-17,970
-20,718
-19,482
-13,401
-22,816
-47,311
-36,458
(f)
32,154
25,595
-27,934
26,542
-275
-17,456
-11,253
24,228
23,988
-48,309
41,630
10,215
-26,659
-11,462
-9,702
42,642
5,812
12,354
39,668
f -17,476
-5,522
10,827
2,796
-1,730
632
1,411
3,678
-4,430
-2,906
938
7,120
4,040
-4,403
6,887
9,092
8,824
4,085
5,740
14,985
562,584
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,006,321
1,029,544
1,037,103
1,038,647
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
85,711
83,087
96,904
90,960
85,401
88,621
90,795
93,350
93,360
91,831
91,558
92,791
1,084,368
1,187
908
1,192
1,071
1,138
1,219
1,273
1,261
1,102
982
1,121
1,197
13,651
1,665
1,239
1,899
1,812
1,475
1,771
1,390
1,702
1,588
1,775
1,473
1,563
19,353
5,866
5,386
6,554
7,358
7,220
7,387
6,928
7,001
7,145
6,623
7,015
7,232
81,716
-4,202
-4,146
-4,655
-5,545
-5,745
-5,616
-5,539
-5,299
-5,556
-4,849
-5,542
-5,669
-62,363
-9,978
-6,588
8,845
11,519
2,723
-9,407
-15,570
-8,837
5,040
11,425
8,840
-9,225
-11,215
-3,933
323
2,038
1,858
-3,819
331
1,262
-2,502
-1,778
-292
-641
2,718
-4,435
96,607
86,115
82,559
73,108
81,890
93,301
100,837
100,651
85,644
76,831
78,938
94,826
1,051,307
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
91,398
85,618
96,608
88,335
86,652
88,647
85,375
95,362
93,889
R 94,513
R 93,973
R 93,965
R 1,094,336
1,187
1,030
1,068
910
852
1,109
1,173
1,142
1,087
R 999
R 1,039
R 934
R 12,529
1,014
843
1,524
1,136
1,313
970
1,208
1,545
835
917
807
976
13,088
8,509
8,275
9,832
8,843
9,042
9,102
7,865
9,387
8,723
9,159
8,808
9,713
107,259
-7,496
-7,432
-8,308
-7,706
-7,730
-8,132
-6,657
-7,843
-7,888
-8,242
-8,001
-8,737
-94,171
-11,881
-6,225
3,605
R 8,631
R 1,931
R -10,168
R -16,097
R -11,097
R 4,703
R 13,271
R 10,155
R 5,843
R -7,328
R 1,047
R 79,272
R 16,956
R 1,003,066
2012 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
3-Month Total .....
91,657
82,706
82,720
257,082
RF 1,233
R 789
R 9,126
R -8,337
R 1,198
R 6,844
R 76,511
NA
NA
NA
R 534
R 8,460
R -7,927
NA
NA
NA
NA

273,623
265,702
3,285
3,288
3,381
4,803
26,617
17,807
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal

recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry
dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric
power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as
a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in
"Consumption."
c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are
greater than imports.
d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a positive value indicates an
increase.
e "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports,
NA
NA
-23,236
-13,003
NA
NA
NA
-14,501
-7,722
R 661
R 96,309
R 5,836
R 79,605
R 7,094
R 78,669
R 239
R 72,669
R -1,382
R 79,225
R 2,001
R 89,792
R -3,663
R 99,651
R 2,000
R 97,758
R 133
R 82,251
R -1,218
R 75,217
R 4,208
R 72,648
NA
NA
NA
13,590
-1,572
NA
NA
NA
254,583
265,281
and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.
f In 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."
R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and
stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,
"Coal Stocks," at end of section. Data include refined coal. Data values
preceded by "F" are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at
end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Web Page:
See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#coal for all
83
Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Commercial
Industrial
Other Industrial
Residential
CHPa
Otherb
Total
Coke
Plants
CHPc
Non-CHPd
Total
Total
Transportation
Electric
Power
Sectore,f
Total
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
4,113
2,823
1,355
1,711
1,345
755
721
711
534
585
454
481
533
551
512
378
290
353
351
353
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
1,191
1,419
1,660
1,738
1,443
1,490
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
7,004
6,587
5,097
6,068
4,189
3,633
3,625
4,015
2,879
2,803
2,126
2,441
2,506
1,869
2,693
2,420
1,050
1,247
1,134
1,059
7,004
6,587
5,097
6,068
5,379
5,052
5,285
5,752
4,322
4,293
3,673
3,888
3,912
3,685
4,610
4,342
2,936
3,173
3,155
2,857
94,101
83,598
66,657
41,056
38,877
33,011
31,706
30,203
28,189
28,108
28,939
26,075
23,656
24,248
23,670
23,434
22,957
22,715
22,070
15,326
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
27,781
29,363
29,434
29,853
28,553
27,763
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
68,038
63,646
60,347
75,372
48,549
43,693
42,254
41,661
38,887
36,975
37,177
39,514
34,515
36,415
35,582
34,465
34,210
34,078
32,491
25,549
68,038
63,646
60,347
75,372
76,330
73,055
71,689
71,515
67,439
64,738
65,208
65,268
60,747
61,261
62,195
60,340
59,472
56,615
54,393
45,314
162,139
147,244
127,004
116,429
115,207
106,067
103,395
101,718
95,628
92,846
94,147
91,344
84,403
85,509
85,865
83,774
82,429
79,331
76,463
60,641
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
389,212
405,962
569,274
693,841
782,567
850,230
896,921
921,364
936,619
940,922
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
562,584
562,640
702,730
818,049
904,498
962,104
1,006,321
1,029,544
1,037,103
1,038,647
1,084,095
1,060,146
1,066,355
1,094,861
1,107,255
1,125,978
1,112,292
1,127,998
1,120,548
997,478
2010 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
43
37
33
21
21
24
24
25
22
26
27
35
339
193
167
149
117
118
135
142
152
133
121
128
165
1,720
156
136
121
54
55
62
48
52
45
86
90
116
1,022
349
303
271
171
173
197
190
203
178
207
218
281
2,742
1,472
1,584
1,801
1,786
1,794
1,772
1,783
1,814
1,894
1,731
1,787
1,874
21,092
2,094
1,978
2,124
2,220
2,010
1,898
2,122
2,194
1,941
1,958
1,854
2,246
24,638
2,197
2,329
2,220
2,067
2,294
2,378
2,199
2,167
2,432
2,419
2,538
2,202
27,443
4,291
4,306
4,344
4,287
4,305
4,276
4,321
4,361
4,373
4,376
4,392
4,448
52,082
5,763
5,891
6,145
6,073
6,099
6,049
6,104
6,175
6,268
6,107
6,179
6,321
73,174
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
90,452
79,884
76,110
66,842
75,597
87,030
94,519
94,247
79,176
70,492
72,514
88,189
975,052
96,607
86,115
82,559
73,108
81,890
93,301
100,837
100,651
85,644
76,831
78,938
94,826
1,051,307
2011 January ............

February ..........
March ...............
April .................
May ..................
June .................
July ..................
August .............
September .......
October ............
November ........
December ........
Total ................
40
37
35
23
24
23
20
19
18
R 20
R 22
R 24
R 305
178
165
158
124
128
124
134
124
121
116
123
138
1,633
144
133
127
63
65
63
30
28
27
R 48
R 51
R 57
R 838
322
298
285
187
193
187
165
152
149
R 164
R 174
R 195
R 2,471
1,746
1,623
1,819
1,668
1,878
1,846
1,670
1,863
1,874
R 1,784
R 1,772
R 1,891
R 21,434
2,320
2,044
2,088
1,767
2,126
2,056
2,208
2,182
2,100
2,080
1,835
1,927
24,733
R 2,200
R 4,520
R 6,266
R 4,491
R 6,115
R 2,433
R 4,521
R 6,339
R 2,283
R 4,050
R 5,718
R 1,905
R 4,031
R 5,909
R 1,980
R 4,036
R 5,882
R 1,852
R 4,060
R 5,730
R 1,875
R 4,057
R 5,920
R 1,979
R 4,078
R 5,953
R 2,059
R 4,139
R 5,923
R 2,288
R 4,123
R 5,895
R 2,264
R 4,191
R 6,082
R 25,564
R 50,297
R 71,731
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
89,682
73,156
72,009
66,741
73,100
83,700
93,736
91,667
76,131
69,109
66,557
72,971
928,558
R 96,309
R 2,447
R 1,003,066
2012 January ............
F 29
154
F 77
F 231
F 2,018
2,102
F 1,901
F 4,003
F 6,021
(h)
70,231
76,511
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.
See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 7.
b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use
Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial
CHP."
e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is
to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
f Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in
1989, data also include consumption at independent power producers.
84
116
24
R 79,605
R 78,669
R 72,669
R 79,225
R 89,792
R 99,651
R 97,758
R 82,251
R 75,217
R 72,648
R 79,272
g Included in "Commercial Other."

h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."
R=Revised. F=Forecast.
Notes: CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector
monthly values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates
derived from collected quarterly and annual data.
See Note 2, "Coal
Consumption," at end of section. Data include refined coal. Data values
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values,"
at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
Web Page:
Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector

End-Use Sectors
Producers
and
Distributors
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
Residential
and
Commercial
Industrial
Coke Plants
Othera
Total
Total
Electric
Power
Sectorb,c
Total
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
12,530
12,108
24,379
33,133
33,418
34,444
28,648
33,973
36,530
39,475
31,905
35,900
43,257
38,277
41,151
34,971
36,548
33,977
34,688
47,718
290
233
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
498
529
6,998
8,797
9,067
3,420
3,329
2,632
2,667
1,978
2,026
1,943
1,494
1,510
1,364
905
1,344
2,615
2,928
1,936
2,331
1,957
10,370
8,529
11,951
10,438
8,716
5,702
5,688
5,597
5,545
5,569
4,587
6,006
5,792
4,718
4,842
5,582
6,506
5,624
6,007
5,109
17,368
17,326
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
8,355
7,576
7,571
7,511
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,338
7,066
17,658
17,559
21,018
13,857
12,044
8,334
8,355
7,576
7,571
7,511
6,081
7,516
7,156
5,623
6,186
8,196
9,434
7,560
8,836
7,595
86,967
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
114,623
98,826
120,501
c 141,604
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
117,155
140,391
228,407
203,367
201,629
169,083
151,627
140,374
164,602
188,590
140,282
181,912
192,127
165,468
154,006
144,304
186,946
192,758
205,112
244,780
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
48,854
49,069
50,936
50,761
50,900
51,497
47,935
48,638
49,913
49,430
50,571
49,820
510
490
471
482
494
505
509
513
517
529
541
552
1,832
1,708
1,583
1,715
1,846
1,978
1,948
1,918
1,889
1,901
1,913
1,925
5,515
5,921
6,326
6,358
6,391
6,423
6,425
6,427
6,430
6,403
6,376
6,350
7,347
7,629
7,910
8,073
8,237
8,400
8,373
8,346
8,319
8,304
8,289
8,275
7,857
8,119
8,381
8,556
8,730
8,905
8,882
8,859
8,836
8,833
8,830
8,827
178,091
171,026
177,742
189,260
191,669
181,490
169,504
159,987
163,776
175,686
183,389
174,917
234,802
228,214
237,058
248,577
251,299
241,892
226,322
217,484
222,524
233,949
242,790
233,564
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
48,295
45,750
44,336
45,585
46,775
45,398
46,926
44,445
43,763
44,415
42,971
41,917
536
520
503
500
497
494
498
502
506
R 533
R 560
R 588
1,937
1,948
1,959
1,958
1,957
1,956
2,082
2,221
2,405
R 2,473
R 2,541
R 2,610
6,076
5,802
5,528
R 5,653
R 5,778
R 5,903
R 5,887
R 5,871
R 5,856
R 5,911
R 5,967
R 6,023
8,012
7,750
7,487
R 7,611
R 7,735
R 7,858
R 7,969
R 8,092
R 8,261
R 8,384
R 8,508
R 8,632
8,548
8,269
7,990
R 8,111
R 8,232
R 8,353
R 8,468
R 8,594
R 8,767
R 8,918
R 9,069
R 9,220
164,840
161,439
166,737
173,999
174,619
165,707
147,967
139,225
144,438
156,906
168,354
175,100
221,684
215,458
219,063
R 227,694
R 229,625
R 219,457
R 203,361
R 192,264
R 196,967
R 210,239
R 220,393
R 226,236
2012 January ................
F 38,444
F 587
F 2,070
F 4,711
F 6,782
F 7,369
181,621
227,434
a Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and
transportation sectors. Beginning in 1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing
plants only.
b The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andpower (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell
electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
c Through 1998, data are for stocks at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999,
data also include stocks at independent power producers.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast.
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Electric power sector monthly values
are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates
derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived
from collected quarterly values. Data include refined coal. Data values
Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at
Web Page:
85
Coal
Note 1. Coal Production. Preliminary monthly estimates
of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates
developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report.
When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.
Weekly estimates are based on Association of American
Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars
loaded with coal during the week by Class I and certain
other railroads.
Prior to 2002, the weekly coal production model converted
AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average
number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in
the Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics from the
Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage
per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad,
the national average was used. To derive the estimate of
total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week
was divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by
rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.
This method ensured that the seasonal variations were
preserved in the production estimates.
Beginning in 2002, the weekly coal production model uses
statistical autoregressive methods to estimate national coal
production as a function of railcar loadings of coal, and
heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. On Thursday
of each week, EIA receives from the AAR data for the
previous week. The latest weekly national data for heating
degree-days and cooling degree-days are obtained from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations
Climate Prediction Center. The weekly coal model is run
and a national level coal production estimate is obtained.
The weekly coal model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data are available.
When preliminary quarterly data become available, the
monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the
quarterly figures. The adjustment procedure uses State-level
production data and is explained in EIA's Quarterly Coal
Report. Initial estimates of annual production published in
January of the following year are based on preliminary
production data covering the first nine months (three quarters) and weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter.
The fourth quarter estimates may or may not be revised
when preliminary data become available in March of the
following year, depending on the magnitude of the difference between the estimates and the preliminary data. In any
event, all quarterly, monthly, and weekly production figures
are adjusted to conform to the final annual production data
published in the Monthly Energy Review in the fall of the
following year.
Note 2. Coal Consumption. Coal consumption data are
reported by major end-use sector. Forecast data (designated
86
by an F) are derived from forecasted values shown in the

EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table
titled U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: Base Case. The
monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values, which
are released in March, June, September, and December. The
estimates are revised quarterly as collected data become available from the data sources. Sector-specific information
follows.
Residential and CommercialCoal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to EIA for the two
sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount consumed by the
sectors individually. To create the estimates, it is first
assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes
fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then,
for the years in which data are available on the number of
occupied housing units by heating source (19731981 and
subsequent odd-numbered years), residential consumption
of coal is estimated by the following steps: a ratio is created
of the number of occupied housing units heated by coal to
the number of occupied housing units heated by oil; that
ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed
by the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu
quantity of coal consumed by the residential sector; and,
finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector
consumption is subtracted from the residential and commercial sectors combined consumption to derive the commercial sectors estimated consumption. The 2007 share is
applied to 2008 forward, and the other missing years shares
are interpolated.
Industrial Coke PlantsPrior to 1980, monthly coke plant
consumption data were taken directly from reported data.
For 19801987, coke plant consumption estimates were
derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using
the ratios of monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979,
the last year in which monthly data were reported. Beginning in January 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are derived from the reported quarterly data by using
monthly ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron and Steel Institute. The ratios are the monthly raw
steel production from open hearth and basic oxygen process
furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from
those kinds of furnaces.
Industrial OtherPrior to 1978, monthly consumption data
for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus
coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline consumption figures from the most recent Bureau
of the Census Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census of
Manufactures. For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates
were derived from data reported on Forms EIA-3 and EIA6. For 19801987, monthly figures were estimated by
proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of
monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last
year in which monthly data were reported on Form EIA-3.
Beginning in January 1988, monthly consumption for the
other industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly
data by using ratios derived from industrial production
indices published by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System. Indices for six major industry

groups are used as the basis for calculating the ratios:
food manufacturing, which is North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS 322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS 325;
petroleum and coal products, NAICS 324; non-metallic
mineral products manufacturing, NAICS 327; and primary
metal manufacturing, NAICS 331. The monthly ratios are
computed as the monthly sum of the weighted indices as a
proportion of the quarterly sum of the weighted indices by
using the 1977 proportion as the weights. Prior to 2008,
quarterly consumption data for the other industrial sector
were derived by adding beginning stocks at manufacturing
plants to current receipts and subtracting ending stocks at
manufacturing plants. In this calculation, current receipts
are the greater of either reported receipts from manufacturing plants (Form EIA-3) or reported shipments to the other
industrial sector (Form EIA-6), thereby ensuring that agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction consumption
data were included where appropriate. Beginning in 2008,
quarterly consumption totals for other industrial coal
include data for manufacturing and mining only. Over
time, surveyed coal consumption data for agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction dwindled to about
20,000 to 30,000 tons annually. Therefore, in 2008, EIA
consolidated its programs by eliminating agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and construction as surveyed sectors.
Electric Power SectorMonthly consumption data for electric power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 3. Coal Stocks. Coal stocks data are reported by
major end-use sector. Forecast data for the most recent
months (designated by an F) are derived from forecasted
values shown in the EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook
(DOE/EIA-0202) table titled U.S. Coal Supply and Demand:
Base Case. The monthly estimates are based on the quarterly values (released in March, June, September, and December) or annual values. The estimates are revised as collected
data become available from the data sources. Sector-specific
information follows.
Producers and DistributorsPrior to 1998, quarterly
stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly
from reported data. Monthly data were estimated by
using one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate
the monthly change in stocks. Beginning in 1998, endof-year stocks are taken from reported data. Monthly
stocks are estimated by a model.
Residential and CommercialPrior to 1980, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were
taken directly from reported data. For 1980-2007, stock
estimates were not collected. Beginning in 2008, quarterly stocks data are collected on Form EIA-3 (data for
Commercial and Institutional Coal Users).
Industrial Coke PlantsPrior to 1980, monthly stocks at
coke plants were taken directly from reported data.
Beginning in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using

one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate the
monthly change in stocks. Quarterly stocks are taken
directly from data reported on Form EIA-5.
Industrial OtherPrior to 1978, stocks for the other industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify
baseline figures from a one-time Bureau of Mines survey
of consumers. For 19781982, monthly estimates were
derived by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly
data based on representative seasonal patterns of supply
and demand. Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal
stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants.
Quarterly stocks are taken directly from data reported on
Form EIA-3 and therefore include only manufacturing
industries; data for agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining,
and construction stocks are not available.
Electric Power SectorMonthly stocks data at electric
power plants are taken directly from reported data.
Note 4. Coal Forecast Values. Data values preceded by
F in this section are forecast values. They are derived
from EIA Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System
(STIFS). The model is driven primarily by data and
assumptions about key macroeconomic variables, the world
oil price, and weather. The coal forecast relies on other
variables as well, such as alternative fuel prices (natural gas
and oil) and power generation by sources other than fossil
fuels, including nuclear and hydroelectric power. Each
month, EIA staff review the model output and make
adjustments, if appropriate, based on their knowledge of
developments in the coal industry.
The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIAs
Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web
at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html.
Note 5. Additional Coal Information. EIAs Quarterly
Coal Report provides additional information about coal data
and estimation procedures.
Table 6.1 Sources

Production
1973September 1977: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry
Surveys.
October 1977 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production.
Waste Coal Supplied
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility
Power Producer Report.
19982000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
87
Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.

Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,
and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report, and Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and
Quality Report, Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing
Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users;
and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System.
Imports and Exports
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545 (Exports).
Stock Change
Calculated from data in Table 6.3.
Losses and Unaccounted for
Calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal
supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.
Consumption
Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Sources

Residential and Commercial Total
Coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors
combined is reported to the U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA). EIA estimates the sectors individually using the method described in Note 2, Consumption,
at the end of Section 6. Data for the residential and
commercial sectors combined are from:
19731976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau
of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
October 19771979: EIA, Form EIA-2, Monthly Coal
Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report,
quarterly.
19982007: DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Form 7000-2, Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal
Production.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and
Quality
Report,
Manufacturing
and
Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, ShortTerm Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS).
Commercial CHP
Table 7.4c.
Commercial Other
Calculated as Commercial Total minus Commercial CHP.
88
Industrial Coke Plants

1973September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook
and Minerals Industry Surveys.
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and
Coal ChemicalsMonthly/Annual Supplement.
19811984: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward:
EIA, Form EIA5, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial Total
1973September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and
Minerals Industry Surveys.
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19801997: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, and Form EIA-6,
Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants, Form EIA-6A, Coal
Distribution Report, annual, and Form EIA-7A, Coal
Production Report, annual.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and
Institutional Coal Users, and Form EIA-7A, Coal Production Report, annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Other Industrial CHP
Table 7.4c.
Other Industrial Non-CHP
Calculated as Other Industrial Total minus Other Industrial CHP.
Transportation
19731976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake
Docks.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
Electric Power
Table 7.4b.
Table 6.3 Sources

Producers and Distributors
of Mines (BOM), Form 6-1419Q, Distribution of Bituminous Coal and Lignite Shipments.
19801997:
(EIA), Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report, quarterly.
19982007:
EIA, Form EIA-6A, Coal Distribution
Report, annual.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-7A, Coal Production
Report, annual, and Form EIA-8A, Coal Stocks Report,
annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated

Forecasting System (STIFS).
Residential and Commercial
19731976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.
JanuarySeptember 1977:
DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,
Monthly Coal Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
Report, Retail DealersUpper Lake Docks.
2008 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and
Institutional Coal Users (data for Commercial and Institutional Coal Users); and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Coke Plants
October 19771980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, Coke and Coal
ChemicalsMonthly/Annual.
19811984:
EIA, Form EIA 5/5A, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly/Annual Supplement.
1985 forward:
EIA, Form EIA-5, Coke Plant
ReportQuarterly; and, for forecast values, EIA, STIFS.
Industrial Other
Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
19982007: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption ReportManufacturing Plants.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and
Quality
Report,
Manufacturing
and
Institutional Coal Users; and, for forecast values, EIA,
STIFS.
Electric Power
Table 7.5.
89
7. Electricity
Figure 7.1
Electricity Overview
(Billion Kilowatthours)
Overview, 2011
Net Generation, 2011
5,000
5,000
4,106
4,000
4,000
3,856
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
52
15
Imports
Exports
0
Net
Generation
4,106
3,955
End
Use
Electric
Power
Net Generation by Sector, 1989-2011
142
Commercial
Industrial
Total
Net Generation by Sector, Monthly

500
5,000
400
4,000
Totala
Totala
3,000
300
Electric Power
Electric Power
2,000
200
1,000
100
Industrial
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
End Use, 2011
2010
2011
2012
Trade, 1973-2011
60
5,000
Imports
50
4,000
3,856
3,726
40
3,000
30
Exports
2,000
20
1,000
10
130
0
Retail
Salesb
a
Direct
Usec
Includes commercial sector.

Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service providers.
b
92
1975
Total
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
See Direct Use in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.
Source: Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Electricity Overview

Net Generation
Electric
Power
Sectora
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Commercial
Sectorb
Industrial
Sectorc
Trade
Total
Importsd
Exportsd
Net
Importsd
T&D Lossese
and
Unaccounted
forf
End Use
Retail
Salesg
Direct
Useh
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,861
1,918
2,286
2,470
2,901
3,194
3,284
3,329
3,457
3,530
3,638
3,580
3,698
3,721
3,808
3,902
3,908
4,005
3,974
3,810
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
8
9
9
9
9
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
3
3
3
3
131
151
151
154
154
156
157
149
153
155
154
145
148
143
137
132
1,864
1,921
2,290
2,473
3,038
3,353
3,444
3,492
3,620
3,695
3,802
3,737
3,858
3,883
3,971
4,055
4,065
4,157
4,119
3,950
17
11
25
46
18
43
43
43
40
43
49
39
37
30
34
44
43
51
57
52
3
5
4
5
16
4
3
9
14
14
15
16
16
24
23
19
24
20
24
18
14
6
21
41
2
39
40
34
26
29
34
22
21
6
11
25
18
31
33
34
165
180
216
190
203
229
231
224
221
240
244
202
248
228
266
269
266
298
287
261
1,713
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,713
3,013
3,101
3,146
3,264
3,312
3,421
3,394
3,465
3,494
3,547
3,661
3,670
3,765
3,733
3,597
NA
NA
NA
NA
125
151
153
156
161
172
171
163
166
168
168
150
147
126
132
127
1,713
1,747
2,094
2,324
2,837
3,164
3,254
3,302
3,425
3,484
3,592
3,557
3,632
3,662
3,716
3,811
3,817
3,890
3,865
3,724
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
348
308
300
276
316
363
396
395
333
296
294
349
3,972
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
12
11
12
11
12
12
13
13
12
12
11
13
144
361
320
312
288
328
376
410
409
346
308
306
362
4,125
5
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
45
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
19
4
3
3
3
1
2
3
2
1
(s)
1
3
26
22
15
12
13
35
36
32
27
8
10
21
34
265
332
298
293
267
284
331
369
372
328
288
275
319
3,754
E 11
343
309
303
277
294
342
381
384
339
298
285
331
3,886
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
351
302
307
291
312
356
406
393
325
297
292
323
3,955
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
12
11
11
11
12
12
13
13
12
11
12
13
142
364
313
319
303
325
368
419
406
338
309
304
336
4,106
4
4
4
4
5
4
6
6
4
4
3
4
52
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
3
2
2
2
4
3
5
5
3
3
2
3
37
23
10
21
21
32
34
44
29
6
16
23
29
287
333
296
290
274
286
327
369
370
324
286
273
299
3,726
E 11
E 130
344
306
301
284
297
338
380
382
335
296
284
311
3,856
2012 January ................
327
13
341
22
311
E 12
322

b Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only.
d Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus
exports.
e Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the
point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 2, "Electrical System
Energy Losses," at end of Section 2.
f Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.
E 10
E 11
E 10
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 11
E 11
E 12
132
E 10
E 11
E 10
E 11
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 11
E 10
E 11
E 12
g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning

in 1996, other energy service providers.
h Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity for all
93
Figure 7.2

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 1989-2011
Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly

200
2,500
Coal
Coal
2,000
150
1,500
Natural
Gas
1,000
Natural
Gas
100
Nuclear
Electric
Power
50
Renewable Energya
500
Renewable Energya
Petroleum
Petroleum
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2010
2011
2012
Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 2011
Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2011
2,000
2,000
1,734
1,715
1,500
1,500
1,017
1,000
1,000
790
931
790
520
500
489
500
28
Coal
Natural
Energya
Electric
Power
Gas
Coal
leum
Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2011
26
Nuclear Renewable Petro-
Natural
Gas
Nuclear Renewable PetroElectric

Power
Energya
leum
Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2011
100
4.5
80
60
81.5
40
1.7
26.4
1.0
18.4
20
8.1
0.1
0
Natural
Gas
Waste
Coal
Petroleum
a
Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar/PV,
and wind.
b
Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste
gases derived from fossil fuels.
94
1.8
1.8
0
Natural
Gas
Wood
Coal
Other Petroleum HydroGases b

electric
Power c
Conventional hydroelectric power.

Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

(Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
Hydroelectric
Pumped
Storagee
Conventional
Hydroelectric
Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Total k .................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
847,651
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,594,011
1,709,426
1,795,196
1,845,016
1,873,516
1,881,087
1,966,265
1,903,956
1,933,130
1,973,737
1,978,301
2,012,873
1,990,511
2,016,456
1,985,801
1,755,904
314,343
289,095
245,994
100,202
126,460
74,554
81,411
92,555
128,800
118,061
111,221
124,880
94,567
119,406
121,145
122,225
64,166
65,739
46,243
38,937
340,858
299,778
346,240
291,946
372,765
496,058
455,056
479,399
531,257
556,396
601,038
639,129
691,006
649,908
710,100
760,960
816,441
896,590
882,981
920,979
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,383
13,870
14,356
13,351
13,492
14,126
13,955
9,039
11,463
15,600
15,252
13,464
14,177
13,453
11,707
10,632
83,479
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
674,729
628,644
673,702
728,254
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-3,088
-4,040
-4,467
-6,097
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
275,431
303,153
279,182
284,311
292,866
310,833
347,162
356,453
323,336
319,536
275,573
216,961
264,329
275,806
268,417
270,321
289,246
247,510
254,831
273,445
130
18
275
743
32,522
36,521
36,800
36,948
36,338
37,041
37,595
35,200
38,665
37,529
38,117
38,856
38,762
39,014
37,300
36,050
198
174
158
640
13,260
20,405
20,911
21,709
22,448
22,572
23,131
14,548
15,044
15,812
15,421
15,420
16,099
16,525
17,734
18,443
1,966
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,329
14,726
14,774
14,827
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
521
511
502
495
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
6
2,789
3,164
3,234
3,288
3,026
4,488
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
1,864,057
1,920,755
2,289,600
2,473,002
3,037,827
3,353,487
3,444,188
3,492,172
3,620,295
3,694,810
3,802,105
3,736,644
3,858,452
3,883,185
3,970,555
4,055,423
4,064,702
4,156,745
4,119,388
3,950,331
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
173,320
153,044
144,406
126,952
143,272
165,491
179,600
177,745
148,746
132,270
135,185
167,258
1,847,290
4,348
2,373
2,470
2,286
2,994
3,989
4,411
3,575
2,783
2,228
2,079
3,523
37,061
74,173
66,198
63,431
64,644
73,665
92,268
114,624
121,151
93,004
77,738
69,227
77,573
987,697
909
825
1,010
943
1,017
964
963
1,061
954
808
907
952
11,313
72,569
65,245
64,635
57,611
66,658
68,301
71,913
71,574
69,371
62,751
62,655
73,683
806,968
-565
-351
-325
-335
-441
-472
-557
-600
-421
-438
-467
-530
-5,501
22,383
20,590
20,886
19,097
25,079
29,854
24,517
20,119
17,265
17,683
19,562
23,169
260,203
3,126
2,895
3,090
2,932
2,893
3,094
3,308
3,319
3,157
3,003
3,080
3,275
37,172
1,503
1,382
1,592
1,558
1,577
1,627
1,640
1,642
1,575
1,547
1,625
1,650
18,917
1,312
1,159
1,307
1,240
1,311
1,264
1,274
1,297
1,253
1,222
1,252
1,330
15,219
10
33
76
112
153
176
161
156
138
75
77
44
1,212
6,854
5,432
8,589
9,764
8,698
8,049
6,724
6,686
7,106
7,944
9,748
9,059
94,652
360,957
319,735
312,168
287,800
327,936
375,759
409,725
408,884
346,045
307,921
306,010
362,119
4,125,060
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
170,983
138,295
134,717
124,293
137,493
158,308
176,709
171,472
141,220
126,872
121,197
132,706
1,734,265
3,268
74,458
2,201
65,852
2,454
66,169
2,279
70,529
2,198
75,769
2,439
91,096
3,011 120,377
2,407 119,646
2,247
91,377
1,934
79,078
1,723
75,637
2,000
86,606
28,162 1,016,595
910
770
955
913
848
980
1,059
999
958
949
923
1,005
11,269
72,743
64,789
65,662
54,547
57,017
65,270
72,345
71,339
66,849
63,354
64,474
71,837
790,225
-426
-247
-350
-467
-419
-568
-709
-663
-554
-572
-441
-496
-5,912
26,148
24,687
31,737
31,629
33,105
32,253
31,570
26,320
21,500
20,036
21,374
24,715
325,074
3,258
2,896
3,041
2,788
2,802
3,243
3,348
3,290
3,113
2,876
2,980
3,311
36,946
1,503
1,393
1,655
1,619
1,702
1,685
1,767
1,717
1,621
1,669
1,689
1,765
19,786
1,478
1,326
1,465
1,337
1,438
1,363
1,372
1,380
1,334
1,393
1,377
1,439
16,700
31
8,659
80 10,528
113 10,537
161 12,447
201 11,635
257 10,887
226
7,382
236
7,342
183
6,883
169 10,623
78 12,354
79 10,469
1,814 119,747
363,855
313,351
319,092
302,994
324,757
368,184
419,480
406,450
337,606
309,279
304,268
336,419
4,105,734
2012 January ................
129,064
1,096
72,382
-330
23,933
3,293
1,621
1,438
2,232
91,213
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
petroleum, and waste oil.
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
derived from fossil fuels.
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
Through 2000, also includes
non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and
tire-derived fuels).
70
NA
NA
NA
13,823
340,743
i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;
hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities.
Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,
commercial plants, and industrial plants.
NA=Not available.
Sources: See sources for Tables 7.2b and 7.2c.
95
Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Fossil Fuels
Coala
Petroleumb
Natural
Gasc
Renewable Energy
Other
Gasesd
Nuclear
Electric
Power
ConvenHydrotional
electric
HydroPumped electric
Storagee Powerf
Biomass
Woodg
Wasteh
Geothermal
Solar/
PVi
Wind
Totalj
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalk ..................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
847,651
852,786
1,161,562
1,402,128
1,572,109
1,686,056
1,771,973
1,820,762
1,850,193
1,858,618
1,943,111
1,882,826
1,910,613
1,952,714
1,957,188
1,992,054
1,969,737
1,998,390
1,968,838
1,741,123
314,343
289,095
245,994
100,202
118,864
68,146
74,783
86,479
122,211
111,539
105,192
119,149
89,733
113,697
114,678
116,482
59,708
61,306
42,881
35,811
340,858
299,778
346,240
291,946
309,486
419,179
378,757
399,596
449,293
472,996
517,978
554,940
607,683
567,303
627,172
683,829
734,417
814,752
802,372
841,006
NA
NA
NA
NA
621
1,927
1,341
1,533
2,315
1,607
2,028
586
1,970
2,647
3,568
3,777
4,254
4,042
3,200
3,058
83,479
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
674,729
628,644
673,702
728,254
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
(f)
(f)
(f)
(f)
-3,508
-2,725
-3,088
-4,040
-4,467
-6,097
-5,539
-8,823
-8,743
-8,535
-8,488
-6,558
-6,558
-6,896
-6,288
-4,627
272,083
300,047
276,021
281,149
289,753
305,410
341,159
350,648
317,867
314,663
271,338
213,749
260,491
271,512
265,064
267,040
286,254
245,843
253,096
271,506
130
18
275
743
7,032
7,597
8,386
8,680
8,608
8,961
8,916
8,294
9,009
9,528
9,736
10,570
10,341
10,711
10,638
10,738
198
174
158
640
11,500
17,986
17,816
18,485
19,233
19,493
20,307
12,944
13,145
13,808
13,062
13,031
13,927
14,294
15,379
15,954
1,966
3,246
5,073
9,325
15,434
13,378
14,329
14,726
14,774
14,827
14,093
13,741
14,491
14,424
14,811
14,692
14,568
14,637
14,840
15,009
NA
NA
NA
11
367
497
521
511
502
495
493
543
555
534
575
550
508
612
864
891
6
2,789
3,164
3,234
3,288
3,026
4,488
5,593
6,737
10,354
11,187
14,144
17,811
26,589
34,450
55,363
73,886
1,860,710
1,917,649
2,286,439
2,469,841
2,901,322
3,194,230
3,284,141
3,329,375
3,457,416
3,529,982
3,637,529
3,580,053
3,698,458
3,721,159
3,808,360
3,902,192
3,908,077
4,005,343
3,974,349
3,809,837
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
171,660
151,461
142,665
125,615
141,669
163,912
177,778
175,848
147,157
130,663
133,815
165,494
1,827,738
4,111
2,166
2,299
2,109
2,801
3,792
4,199
3,375
2,608
2,037
1,879
3,302
34,679
66,847
59,556
56,492
58,124
66,862
85,033
106,961
112,961
85,498
70,876
62,305
69,875
901,389
275
247
275
273
279
265
267
249
240
170
219
208
2,967
72,569
65,245
64,635
57,611
66,658
68,301
71,913
71,574
69,371
62,751
62,655
73,683
806,968
-565
-351
-325
-335
-441
-472
-557
-600
-421
-438
-467
-530
-5,501
22,207
20,421
20,691
18,898
24,903
29,711
24,405
20,019
17,188
17,561
19,426
23,024
258,455
1,011
926
939
837
830
955
1,061
1,074
974
887
934
1,018
11,446
1,294
1,207
1,391
1,334
1,359
1,409
1,419
1,413
1,364
1,330
1,412
1,443
16,376
1,312
1,159
1,307
1,240
1,311
1,264
1,274
1,297
1,253
1,222
1,252
1,330
15,219
10
33
76
112
153
175
161
156
137
75
76
43
1,206
6,853
5,431
8,588
9,763
8,696
8,048
6,723
6,685
7,104
7,942
9,746
9,058
94,636
348,128
307,994
299,571
276,121
315,656
362,985
396,195
394,651
333,057
295,646
293,833
348,549
3,972,386
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
169,157
136,752
133,163
123,067
135,794
156,677
174,850
169,572
139,458
125,200
119,867
131,311
1,714,870
3,056
2,042
2,282
2,112
2,053
2,276
2,840
2,243
2,075
1,792
1,597
1,857
26,223
67,038
59,187
59,350
63,709
68,567
84,032
112,765
111,991
84,392
72,407
68,418
78,714
930,568
247
206
250
250
250
282
296
293
287
279
242
266
3,148
72,743
64,789
65,662
54,547
57,017
65,270
72,345
71,339
66,849
63,354
64,474
71,837
790,225
-426
-247
-350
-467
-419
-568
-709
-663
-554
-572
-441
-496
-5,912
26,001
24,517
31,537
31,422
32,888
32,097
31,442
26,217
21,375
19,905
21,222
24,520
323,141
986
873
883
674
753
921
1,042
1,020
896
752
753
951
10,504
1,293
1,204
1,457
1,439
1,467
1,470
1,537
1,481
1,395
1,444
1,457
1,538
17,182
1,478
1,326
1,465
1,337
1,438
1,363
1,372
1,380
1,334
1,393
1,377
1,439
16,700
31
8,657
79 10,525
112 10,534
160 12,444
199 11,632
254 10,884
223
7,380
233
7,339
181
6,880
167 10,618
77 12,348
79 10,464
1,795 119,704
350,775
301,735
306,932
291,282
312,220
355,569
406,019
393,059
325,121
297,294
291,954
323,103
3,955,065
2012 January ................
127,430
1,940
83,532
422
72,382
-330
23,749
949
1,388
1,438
synfuel.
b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.
f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional
Hydroelectric Power."
g Wood and wood-derived fuels.
96
69
NA
NA
NA
13,814
327,388
i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy.

j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,
miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
for electric utilites and independent power producers.
NA=Not available.
Notes:

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Totals
may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Geographic
Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors

(Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Coalc
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Totalg
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Other
Gasesh
Hydroelectric
Poweri
Biomass
Woodj
Wastef
Totalk
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
796
998
1,051
1,040
985
995
1,097
995
992
1,206
1,340
1,353
1,310
1,371
1,261
1,096
NA
NA
NA
NA
589
379
369
427
383
434
432
438
431
423
499
375
235
189
142
163
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,272
5,162
5,249
4,725
4,879
4,607
4,262
4,434
4,310
3,899
3,969
4,249
4,355
4,257
4,188
4,225
NA
NA
NA
NA
812
1,519
2,176
2,342
2,335
2,393
1,985
1,007
1,053
1,289
1,562
1,657
1,599
1,599
1,534
1,748
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,837
8,232
9,030
8,701
8,748
8,563
7,903
7,416
7,415
7,496
8,270
8,492
8,371
8,273
7,926
8,165
NA
NA
NA
NA
21,107
22,372
22,172
23,214
22,337
21,474
22,056
20,135
21,525
19,817
19,773
19,466
19,464
16,694
15,703
13,686
NA
NA
NA
NA
7,008
6,030
6,260
5,649
6,206
6,088
5,597
5,293
4,403
5,285
5,967
5,368
4,223
4,243
3,219
2,963
NA
NA
NA
NA
60,007
71,717
71,049
75,078
77,085
78,793
78,798
79,755
79,013
78,705
78,959
72,882
77,669
77,580
76,421
75,748
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,641
11,943
13,015
11,814
11,170
12,519
11,927
8,454
9,493
12,953
11,684
9,687
9,923
9,411
8,507
7,574
3,347
3,106
3,161
3,161
2,975
5,304
5,878
5,685
5,349
4,758
4,135
3,145
3,825
4,222
3,248
3,195
2,899
1,590
1,676
1,868
NA
NA
NA
NA
25,379
28,868
28,354
28,225
27,693
28,060
28,652
26,888
29,643
27,988
28,367
28,271
28,400
28,287
26,641
25,292
NA
NA
NA
NA
949
900
919
882
880
686
839
596
846
715
797
733
572
631
821
740
3,347
3,106
3,161
3,161
130,830
151,025
151,017
154,097
154,132
156,264
156,673
149,175
152,580
154,530
153,925
144,739
148,254
143,128
137,113
132,329
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
116
102
91
80
84
97
110
105
89
80
69
88
1,111
13
11
8
9
12
10
18
11
9
7
4
12
124
367
339
351
326
326
350
459
490
421
419
401
476
4,725
137
111
134
144
149
150
146
152
148
133
134
136
1,672
709
623
661
645
666
699
812
838
750
712
683
793
8,592
1,544
1,481
1,649
1,258
1,519
1,482
1,713
1,792
1,499
1,527
1,301
1,677
18,441
225
197
163
169
181
187
194
189
165
184
196
209
2,258
6,959
6,303
6,588
6,194
6,477
6,885
7,205
7,701
7,085
6,443
6,520
7,223
81,583
634
578
735
669
738
700
696
812
713
637
688
744
8,343
169
162
188
187
164
132
107
99
76
117
130
134
1,668
2,114
1,967
2,149
2,094
2,061
2,137
2,246
2,243
2,182
2,114
2,145
2,255
25,706
72
64
67
80
69
68
75
78
62
84
79
71
869
12,120
11,118
11,936
11,034
11,614
12,075
12,718
13,395
12,238
11,562
11,493
12,777
144,082
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
103
95
97
71
77
82
96
86
76
63
64
78
989
13
8
7
5
6
8
13
7
6
8
6
6
93
402
350
341
347
373
368
431
408
356
359
378
413
4,526
139
125
134
118
160
144
155
160
150
153
155
154
1,746
739
656
666
622
714
693
791
752
674
668
691
739
8,403
1,723
1,447
1,457
1,155
1,622
1,549
1,763
1,814
1,686
1,609
1,266
1,317
18,406
198
151
165
162
140
155
158
157
166
135
121
138
1,846
7,017
6,314
6,478
6,473
6,829
6,696
7,181
7,248
6,629
6,312
6,841
7,480
81,500
663
564
705
662
597
698
762
706
670
669
680
738
8,115
137
160
188
196
208
147
118
100
123
126
147
188
1,838
2,271
2,021
2,156
2,112
2,047
2,321
2,304
2,268
2,215
2,123
2,226
2,359
26,422
71
64
65
62
74
71
76
76
76
72
77
73
858
12,341
10,961
11,494
11,089
11,822
11,921
12,669
12,639
11,811
11,317
11,623
12,577
142,266
2012 January ................
83
387
163
698
1,552
286
7,295
673
182
2,343
70
12,657
a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.
b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal
synfuel.
d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, other gases,
photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, wood, and other, which are not separately
displayed.
h Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
i Conventional hydroelectric power.
j Wood and wood-derived fuels.
k Includes photovoltaic (PV) energy, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,
purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001,
NA=Not available.
97
Figure 7.3
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
Coal by Sector, 1989-2011
Petroleum by Sector, 1989-2011

300
1.2
Totala
Totala
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
200
Electric Power
100
0.3
Industrial
Industrial
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
2000
2005
2010
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 1989-2011
Natural Gas by Sector, 1989-2011
250
200
6
Totala
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
1995
4
Electric Power
150
Totala
100
Industrial
50
Industrial
Electric Power
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Wood by Sector, 1989-2011
1990
1995
2000
Waste by Sector, 1989-2011

400
750
Trillion Btu
Trillion Btu
Totala
500
Industrial
300
Total
200
Electric Power
250
100
Industrial
Commercial
Electric Power
0
1990
a
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
b
98
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Total k .................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
389,212
405,962
569,274
693,841
792,457
860,594
907,209
931,949
946,295
949,802
994,933
972,691
987,583
1,014,058
1,020,523
1,041,448
1,030,556
1,046,795
1,042,335
934,683
47,058
38,907
29,051
14,635
18,143
19,615
20,252
20,309
25,062
25,951
31,675
31,150
23,286
29,672
20,163
20,651
13,174
15,683
12,832
12,658
513,190
467,221
391,163
158,779
190,652
95,507
106,055
118,741
172,728
158,187
143,381
165,312
109,235
142,518
142,088
141,518
58,473
63,833
38,191
28,576
NA
NA
NA
NA
437
680
1,712
237
549
974
1,450
855
1,894
2,947
2,856
2,968
2,174
2,917
2,822
2,328
507
70
179
231
1,914
3,355
3,322
4,086
4,860
4,552
3,744
3,871
6,836
6,303
7,677
8,330
7,363
6,036
5,417
4,821
562,781
506,479
421,110
174,571
218,800
132,578
144,626
159,715
222,640
207,871
195,228
216,672
168,597
206,653
203,494
206,785
110,634
112,615
80,932
67,668
3,660
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,692
4,738
4,312
4,565
5,081
5,322
5,691
5,832
6,126
5,616
5,675
6,036
6,462
7,089
6,896
7,121
NA
NA
NA
NA
112
133
159
119
125
126
126
97
131
156
135
110
115
115
97
84
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
90,767
80,209
76,544
67,037
76,061
87,395
94,993
94,786
79,573
70,918
72,756
88,645
979,684
2,485
869
785
726
1,050
1,244
1,347
1,093
905
787
876
1,883
14,050
2,860
1,075
1,245
1,160
1,997
3,087
3,681
2,987
1,789
1,113
982
2,021
23,997
241
212
147
126
121
154
200
164
151
129
143
266
2,056
433
404
438
382
415
493
524
423
394
362
317
408
4,994
7,751
4,174
4,370
3,923
5,244
6,950
7,849
6,358
4,813
3,840
3,588
6,210
65,071
570
502
479
494
582
731
923
972
723
594
519
591
7,680
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
90,106
73,505
72,340
66,870
73,511
84,072
94,214
92,177
76,612
69,524
66,789
73,190
932,911
1,238
854
839
957
909
969
1,161
809
778
711
715
835
10,775
1,700
1,007
1,122
1,328
1,222
1,261
1,542
1,333
958
940
904
927
14,246
231
124
133
121
110
145
167
122
162
124
135
134
1,707
526
387
465
304
316
388
479
415
392
307
250
331
4,561
5,802
3,919
4,421
3,924
3,820
4,316
5,265
4,341
3,861
3,311
3,002
3,551
49,533
2012 January ................
70,595
772
988
135
414
3,964
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant use of
petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil.
e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.
f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
h Wood and wood-derived fuels.
i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
Woodh
1
3
8
442
480
513
484
475
490
496
486
605
519
344
355
350
353
339
320
2
2
2
7
211
316
324
339
332
332
330
228
257
249
230
230
241
245
267
272
NA
NA
NA
NA
36
42
37
36
36
41
46
160
191
193
183
173
172
168
172
170
7
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
7
8
90
30
28
29
27
27
29
31
32
30
28
29
31
350
22
20
24
23
24
24
24
24
23
23
24
24
281
15
13
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
15
15
16
184
564
503
504
548
603
729
966
948
710
600
568
639
7,880
7
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
91
30
27
28
24
25
29
30
30
28
26
26
30
333
22
21
24
23
24
25
26
25
24
24
24
25
287
12
11
14
13
14
14
15
14
13
13
13
14
162
676
30
23
14
(s)
j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous
technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste
from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. Totals may not equal sum of
99
Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Total k .................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
389,212
405,962
569,274
693,841
781,301
847,854
894,400
919,009
934,126
937,888
982,713
961,523
975,251
1,003,036
1,012,459
1,033,567
1,022,802
1,041,346
1,036,891
929,692
47,058
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,394
18,066
18,472
18,646
23,166
23,875
29,722
29,056
21,810
27,441
18,793
19,450
12,578
15,135
12,318
11,848
513,190
467,221
391,163
158,779
183,285
88,895
98,795
112,423
165,875
151,921
138,047
159,150
104,577
137,361
138,831
138,337
56,347
62,072
37,222
27,768
NA
NA
NA
NA
25
441
567
130
411
514
403
374
1,243
1,937
2,511
2,591
1,783
2,496
2,608
2,110
507
70
179
231
1,008
2,452
2,467
3,201
3,999
3,607
3,155
3,308
5,705
5,719
7,135
7,877
6,905
5,523
5,000
4,485
562,781
506,479
421,110
174,571
204,745
119,663
130,168
147,202
209,447
194,345
183,946
205,119
156,154
195,336
195,809
199,760
105,235
107,316
77,149
64,151
3,660
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,147
4,094
3,660
3,903
4,416
4,644
5,014
5,142
5,408
4,909
5,075
5,485
5,891
6,502
6,342
6,567
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
90,080
79,537
75,772
66,559
75,311
86,725
94,194
93,922
78,881
70,205
72,206
87,854
971,245
2,441
833
756
695
1,021
1,220
1,306
1,066
880
762
849
1,847
13,677
2,804
1,023
1,214
1,132
1,964
3,059
3,643
2,962
1,760
1,076
949
1,973
23,560
219
196
130
112
104
137
185
149
136
112
125
244
1,848
404
379
415
360
390
463
495
392
371
337
290
383
4,679
7,482
3,946
4,176
3,741
5,040
6,733
7,610
6,136
4,628
3,634
3,373
5,978
62,477
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
89,305
72,814
71,671
66,411
72,742
83,360
93,388
91,340
75,820
68,779
66,260
72,633
924,523
1,215
832
822
936
891
946
1,135
788
756
686
693
811
10,513
1,653
973
1,093
1,296
1,199
1,236
1,518
1,311
940
911
883
899
13,914
223
117
121
104
103
129
158
107
126
119
129
128
1,564
495
365
440
282
295
364
452
389
369
288
233
309
4,281
2012 January ................
69,864
754
961
124
331
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include
small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant use of
oil no. 4.
100
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
18
16
14
23
14
19
9
25
30
27
24
28
27
23
21
3
8
106
106
117
117
125
125
126
116
141
156
150
166
163
165
159
160
2
2
2
7
180
282
280
292
287
290
294
205
224
216
206
205
216
221
242
244
519
456
432
449
536
681
869
915
671
547
473
538
7,085
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
20
16
15
15
14
13
15
16
16
15
13
15
16
177
20
18
21
20
21
21
22
22
21
20
21
22
249
9
8
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
116
5,564
3,750
4,234
3,747
3,670
4,134
5,069
4,152
3,670
3,155
2,871
3,382
47,398
512
457
457
500
551
679
912
894
661
553
518
584
7,279
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
15
14
13
11
12
14
15
15
13
12
12
15
160
20
18
22
21
22
22
23
22
21
21
21
22
256
9
8
10
10
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
117
3,497
623
15
21
10
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
2
1
2
1
1
109
137
136
131
116
117
117
122
115
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include
fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. The electric power sector comprises
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
1989 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
414
417
569
656
630
440
481
514
532
477
582
377
377
347
361
369
317
1,165
953
649
645
790
802
931
823
1,023
834
894
766
585
333
258
166
190
18
28
43
42
39
41
39
37
36
33
38
33
34
35
34
33
34
9
15
21
31
34
32
33
26
15
18
19
19
20
21
19
20
23
9,707
10,740
12,171
12,153
12,311
11,728
11,432
11,706
10,636
11,855
10,440
7,687
7,504
7,408
5,089
5,075
4,674
8,482
13,103
12,265
13,813
11,723
12,392
12,595
10,459
10,530
11,608
10,424
6,919
6,440
5,066
5,041
3,617
3,328
444
517
601
610
623
625
639
640
654
685
668
566
518
536
554
520
520
83
104
114
143
105
102
112
107
88
106
127
108
85
87
88
73
62
267
335
373
394
367
349
364
369
370
464
362
194
189
187
188
179
160
15
16
13
13
14
13
8
10
7
15
13
5
5
3
4
5
4
37
36
40
35
36
35
39
45
44
43
46
41
46
45
41
39
42
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
32
28
26
23
23
27
30
29
26
23
21
26
314
18
16
12
11
14
13
26
15
13
11
7
15
172
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
39
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
24
654
643
746
456
727
643
769
835
666
690
529
765
8,125
252
212
182
171
190
204
213
207
171
195
208
217
2,422
48
43
44
42
44
47
50
53
48
44
43
48
555
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
5
6
6
70
14
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
14
14
15
172
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
55
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
30
28
28
22
23
24
28
26
23
20
20
24
297
14
9
8
6
7
9
15
9
8
11
8
8
112
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
38
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
24
771
663
641
437
746
688
798
811
769
725
509
533
8,091
223
160
179
171
143
173
181
180
183
145
124
161
2,023
49
44
44
45
48
47
50
50
46
44
47
51
564
6
5
6
6
5
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
71
15
13
14
14
13
15
15
15
14
14
15
16
173
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
31
2012 January ................
25
706
460
50
15

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Through 1988,
data are not available. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001-2003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
101
Figure 7.4
Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output
Coal by Sector, 1989-2011
Petroleum by Sector, 1989-2011

360
1.2
Totala
270
Electric Power
Million Barrels
Billion Short Tons
0.9
0.6
Totala
180
Electric Power
90
0.3
Industrial
Industrial
0.0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Other Gasesb by Sector, 1989-2011
Natural Gas by Sector, 1989-2011
400
10
Totala
Totala
300
Electric Power
Trillion Btu
Trillion Cubic Feet
Industrial
200
100
2
Industrial
Electric Power
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1990
2010
Wood by Sector, 1989-2011
2005
2010
Total
Trillion Btu
Industrial
0.8
0.4
300
Electric Power
200
100
Commercial
Electric Power
0.0
Industrial
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases
102
2010
400
1.2
2005
500
Total
2000
Waste by Sector, 1989-2011
1.6
Quadrillion Btu
1995
1990
1995
2000

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Total k .................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
389,212
405,962
569,274
693,841
811,538
881,012
928,015
952,955
966,615
970,175
1,015,398
991,635
1,005,144
1,031,778
1,044,798
1,065,281
1,053,783
1,069,606
1,064,503
955,190
47,058
38,907
29,051
14,635
20,194
21,697
22,444
22,893
30,006
30,616
34,572
33,724
24,749
31,825
23,520
24,446
14,655
17,042
14,137
14,800
513,190
467,221
391,163
158,779
209,081
112,168
124,607
134,623
189,267
172,319
156,673
177,137
118,637
152,859
157,478
156,915
69,846
74,616
43,477
33,672
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,332
1,322
2,468
526
1,230
1,812
2,904
1,418
3,257
4,576
4,764
4,270
3,396
4,237
3,765
3,218
507
70
179
231
2,832
4,590
4,596
6,095
6,196
5,989
4,669
4,532
7,353
7,067
8,721
9,113
8,622
7,299
6,314
5,828
562,781
506,479
421,110
174,571
244,765
158,140
172,499
188,517
251,486
234,694
217,494
234,940
183,409
224,593
229,364
231,193
131,005
132,389
92,948
80,830
3,660
3,158
3,682
3,044
4,346
5,572
5,178
5,433
6,030
6,305
6,677
6,731
6,986
6,337
6,727
7,021
7,404
7,962
7,689
7,938
NA
NA
NA
NA
288
313
346
307
334
350
356
263
278
294
353
348
341
329
300
259
1
0
3
8
1,256
1,382
1,389
1,397
1,349
1,352
1,380
1,182
1,287
1,266
1,360
1,353
1,399
1,336
1,263
1,137
2
2
2
7
257
374
392
407
404
400
401
263
289
293
282
289
300
304
328
333
NA
NA
NA
NA
86
97
91
103
95
101
109
229
252
262
254
237
247
239
212
228
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
92,738
82,029
78,383
69,179
77,725
89,063
96,783
96,593
81,250
72,571
74,496
90,600
1,001,411
2,643
978
866
837
1,111
1,295
1,455
1,185
961
871
1,017
2,029
15,247
3,212
1,397
1,439
1,355
2,221
3,291
3,921
3,190
2,006
1,370
1,212
2,332
26,944
338
286
207
176
176
204
244
206
191
186
204
361
2,777
525
497
522
458
500
586
613
510
475
453
414
499
6,053
8,819
5,143
5,124
4,656
6,005
7,721
8,684
7,132
5,534
4,693
4,503
7,218
75,231
643
566
547
556
647
796
997
1,047
791
662
586
665
8,502
21
19
23
22
23
23
22
23
22
20
21
23
262
103
96
103
98
98
101
105
106
103
101
102
109
1,226
29
26
30
29
29
29
29
29
27
29
30
30
346
18
17
19
19
20
21
21
21
20
20
20
21
237
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
92,180
75,364
74,254
68,631
75,353
85,880
96,079
93,974
78,352
71,305
68,515
75,036
954,925
1,302
934
890
1,020
962
1,013
1,208
851
816
762
748
868
11,374
2,014
1,197
1,327
1,541
1,405
1,452
1,739
1,523
1,129
1,162
1,082
1,109
16,678
286
161
175
170
147
188
206
165
225
152
164
162
2,203
602
490
573
409
434
475
566
498
465
388
358
408
5,666
6,611
4,742
5,256
4,774
4,683
5,030
5,982
5,029
4,497
4,018
3,784
4,181
58,586
639
568
570
615
671
794
1,037
1,020
777
666
636
713
8,707
22
20
24
23
23
24
24
24
23
25
23
25
281
108
96
100
95
94
104
105
103
101
97
100
109
1,214
29
26
29
27
29
29
30
30
29
29
30
31
349
15
14
16
15
16
17
17
16
15
15
15
17
189
2012 January ................
72,487
817
1,177
171
487
4,598
753
26
107
29
16
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small

for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial
plants.
NA=Not available.
103
Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Petroleum
Distillate
Fuel Oilb
Coala
Thousand
Short Tons
Residual
Fuel Oilc
Other
Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Biomass
Petroleum
Cokee
Totale
Natural
Gasf
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Other
Gasesg
389,212
405,962
569,274
693,841
782,567
850,230
896,921
921,364
936,619
940,922
985,821
964,433
977,507
1,005,116
1,016,268
1,037,485
1,026,636
1,045,141
1,040,580
933,627
47,058
38,907
29,051
14,635
16,567
18,553
18,780
18,989
23,300
24,058
30,016
29,274
21,876
27,632
19,107
19,675
12,646
15,327
12,547
12,035
513,190
467,221
391,163
158,779
184,915
90,023
99,951
113,669
166,528
152,493
138,513
159,504
104,773
138,279
139,816
139,409
57,345
63,086
38,241
28,782
NA
NA
NA
NA
26
499
653
152
431
544
454
377
1,267
2,026
2,713
2,685
1,870
2,594
2,670
2,210
507
70
179
231
1,008
2,674
2,642
3,372
4,102
3,735
3,275
3,427
5,816
5,799
7,372
8,083
7,101
5,685
5,119
4,611
562,781
506,479
421,110
174,571
206,550
122,447
132,593
149,668
210,769
195,769
185,358
206,291
156,996
196,932
198,498
202,184
107,365
109,431
79,056
66,081
3,660
3,158
3,682
3,044
3,245
4,237
3,807
4,065
4,588
4,820
5,206
5,342
5,672
5,135
5,464
5,869
6,222
6,841
6,668
6,873
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
24
20
24
29
19
25
15
33
41
58
84
65
61
61
55
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
90,452
79,884
76,110
66,842
75,597
87,030
94,519
94,247
79,176
70,492
72,514
88,189
975,052
2,459
851
759
699
1,023
1,222
1,309
1,068
883
772
890
1,854
13,790
2,887
1,061
1,256
1,214
2,055
3,147
3,730
3,051
1,845
1,161
1,035
2,062
24,503
222
219
131
112
104
137
185
149
136
112
126
245
1,877
413
389
427
369
400
471
503
394
372
346
301
391
4,777
7,636
4,076
4,281
3,871
5,181
6,860
7,742
6,236
4,726
3,773
3,557
6,118
64,055
546
480
457
471
560
706
897
943
697
570
497
564
7,387
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
89,682
73,156
72,009
66,741
73,100
83,700
93,736
91,667
76,131
69,109
66,557
72,971
928,558
1,225
858
827
940
894
950
1,139
793
760
690
697
814
10,586
1,759
1,020
1,164
1,378
1,279
1,316
1,603
1,400
1,027
995
962
973
14,876
224
117
121
104
103
129
158
107
127
119
131
128
1,568
500
374
451
291
306
374
462
400
380
295
242
319
4,394
5,707
3,866
4,364
3,879
3,807
4,265
5,211
4,299
3,812
3,280
2,999
3,512
49,003
2012 January ................
70,231
758
1,054
125
342
3,649
104
Wastei
Otherj
Trillion Btu
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Total k .................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
synfuel.
b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small
Woodh
1
3
8
129
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
2
2
2
7
188
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
3
4
4
52
17
16
16
15
14
16
17
18
16
15
16
17
196
21
20
22
21
22
23
23
23
22
22
23
23
264
10
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
124
542
482
483
526
578
705
942
923
686
578
543
612
7,602
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
56
16
15
15
12
13
15
16
16
15
13
13
16
175
21
20
23
22
22
23
24
23
22
23
23
23
269
10
9
11
10
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
126
651
16
22
11
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
2
1
2
1
1
113
143
140
138
123
125
124
131
124
Notes:

Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)
Commercial Sectora
Industrial Sectorb
Biomass
Biomass
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Wastef
Coalc
Petroleumd
Natural
Gase
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
Trillion
Btu
Thousand
Short Tons
Thousand
Barrels
Billion
Cubic Feet
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,125
1,191
1,419
1,660
1,738
1,443
1,490
1,547
1,448
1,405
1,816
1,917
1,922
1,886
1,927
2,021
1,798
1,967
2,056
1,245
1,246
1,584
1,807
1,613
1,615
1,832
1,250
1,449
2,009
1,630
935
752
671
521
30
46
78
82
87
87
84
85
79
74
58
72
68
68
70
66
76
22
28
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
24,867
27,781
29,363
29,434
29,853
28,553
27,763
28,031
25,755
26,232
24,846
26,613
25,875
25,262
22,537
21,902
19,766
25,444
36,159
34,448
38,661
37,265
38,910
37,312
30,520
26,817
25,163
26,212
28,857
27,380
22,706
22,207
13,222
14,228
914
1,055
1,258
1,289
1,282
1,355
1,401
1,386
1,310
1,240
1,144
1,191
1,084
1,115
1,050
955
990
195
275
290
325
283
305
331
331
248
245
253
295
264
277
268
239
204
926
1,125
1,255
1,249
1,259
1,211
1,213
1,244
1,054
1,136
1,097
1,193
1,166
1,216
1,148
1,084
955
35
41
38
39
41
42
31
35
27
34
34
24
34
33
36
35
35
85
86
95
89
102
93
99
108
101
92
103
94
94
102
98
60
82
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
193
167
149
117
118
135
142
152
133
121
128
165
1,720
55
47
26
24
28
26
59
46
27
21
22
55
437
7
7
7
6
6
6
8
9
7
7
7
8
86
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
2,094
1,978
2,124
2,220
2,010
1,898
2,122
2,194
1,941
1,958
1,854
2,246
24,638
1,128
1,021
817
761
796
835
883
849
780
899
924
1,045
10,740
90
80
84
79
82
84
91
95
87
84
82
92
1,029
17
15
18
18
18
18
17
19
18
17
17
19
210
86
79
86
83
83
85
88
88
87
86
86
91
1,029
4
4
4
5
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
4
47
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
91
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
178
165
158
124
128
124
134
124
121
116
123
138
1,633
45
24
29
15
17
22
35
20
15
19
18
23
282
8
7
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
7
8
81
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
2,320
2,044
2,088
1,767
2,126
2,056
2,208
2,182
2,100
2,080
1,835
1,927
24,733
858
852
862
880
859
743
737
710
670
719
767
646
9,302
89
79
81
82
87
83
88
89
84
81
86
94
1,024
18
16
20
19
18
19
19
19
18
20
19
20
224
91
81
86
83
81
89
89
86
87
84
87
93
1,037
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
44
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
40
2012 January ................
154
30
2,102
919
94
21
91
1989 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total

plants.
plants.
synfuel.
Other
Gasesg
Woodh
Wastef
Otheri
Trillion Btu

i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000: EIA, Form
EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility." 2001-2003: EIA,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
105
Figure 7.5
Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector
Coal, 1973-2011
Coal, Monthly
250
200
200
Million Short Tons
Million Short Tons
150
100
50
150
100
50
2010
2011
2012
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total Petroleum, 1973-2011
Total Petroleum, Monthly
150
70
50
100
Million Barrels
Million Barrels
60
50
40
30
20
10
Coal and Petroleum Stocks, 1973-2011
36
January 2010
January 2011
January 2012
27
Coal
Million Barrels
Quadrillion Btu
2012
Petroleum by Major Type, End of Month
18
18
16 15
17 17 17
7
4
Petroleum
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Residual
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Fuel Oil
Converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.

Sources: Tables 7.5, A1, and A5 (column 6).
106
2011
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
Petroleum
Cokea
Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Petroleum
Coala
Thousand Short Tons
Residual Fuel Oilc
Other Liquidsd
Thousand Barrels
Petroleum Cokee
Totale
Thousand Short Tons
Thousand Barrels
1973 Year .............................

1975 Year .............................
1980 Year .............................
1985 Year .............................
1990 Year .............................
1995 Year .............................
1996 Year .............................
1997 Year .............................
1998 Year .............................
1999 Year f ...........................
2000 Year ............................
2001 Year .............................
2002 Year .............................
2003 Year .............................
2004 Year .............................
2005 Year .............................
2006 Year .............................
2007 Year .............................
2008 Year .............................
2009 Year .............................
86,967
110,724
183,010
156,376
156,166
126,304
114,623
98,826
120,501
141,604
102,296
138,496
141,714
121,567
106,669
101,137
140,964
151,221
161,589
189,467
10,095
16,432
30,023
16,386
16,471
15,392
15,216
15,456
16,343
17,995
15,127
20,486
17,413
19,153
19,275
18,778
18,013
18,395
17,761
17,886
79,121
108,825
105,351
57,304
67,030
35,102
32,473
33,336
37,451
34,256
24,748
34,594
25,723
25,820
26,596
27,624
28,823
24,136
21,088
19,068
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
800
779
879
1,012
1,380
1,902
1,955
2,257
312
31
52
49
94
65
91
469
559
372
211
390
1,711
1,484
937
530
674
554
739
1,394
90,776
125,413
135,635
73,933
83,970
50,821
48,146
51,138
56,591
54,109
40,932
57,031
52,490
53,170
51,434
50,062
51,583
47,203
44,498
46,181
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
178,091
171,026
177,742
189,260
191,669
181,490
169,504
159,987
163,776
175,686
183,389
174,917
17,193
17,409
17,353
17,295
17,185
17,040
16,917
16,737
16,608
16,698
17,024
16,758
18,035
18,532
18,679
18,353
17,935
17,411
16,441
16,288
17,269
17,781
17,492
16,629
2,198
2,222
2,105
2,228
2,235
2,172
2,268
2,292
2,330
2,377
2,410
2,319
1,406
1,280
1,240
1,243
1,188
1,117
1,046
1,112
1,158
1,197
1,098
1,019
44,454
44,562
44,337
44,090
43,294
42,209
40,856
40,878
41,996
42,840
42,414
40,800
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ...................
164,840
161,439
166,737
173,999
174,619
165,707
147,967
139,225
144,438
156,906
168,354
175,100
16,673
16,654
16,498
16,301
16,195
16,779
16,550
16,583
16,691
16,955
17,148
17,101
16,061
15,575
15,393
15,180
15,235
16,356
16,090
15,804
15,654
15,942
15,832
15,469
2,383
2,435
2,437
2,460
2,447
2,564
2,561
2,581
2,593
2,640
2,677
2,690
801
707
489
522
548
491
462
435
389
413
453
470
39,123
38,200
36,776
36,551
36,617
38,152
37,510
37,144
36,884
37,601
37,923
37,608
2012 January ........................
181,621
17,179
15,248
2,718
394
37,116
a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal
combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also
include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.
c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of
oil no. 4.
d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of
waste oil.
f Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are
NA=Not available.
Notes:

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Stocks
are at end of period. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
Sources: 1973-September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,
"Monthly Power Plant Report." October 1977-1981: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." 1982-1988: U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant
Report." 1989-1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and
Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000: EIA,
Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility." 2001-2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant
Report." 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form
EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 2008 forward: EIA, Form
EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
107
Figure 7.6
Electricity End Use

Electricity End Use Overview, 1989-2011
Retail Salesa by Sector, January 2012
5,000
175
150
4,000
Total
126.5
125
105.1
3,000
Retail Salesa
100
78.6
75
2,000
50
1,000
25
Direct Useb
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
Retail Salesa by Sector, 1973-2011
0.7
2010
Residential
Commercial
Industrial Transportation d
Retail Salesa by Sector, Monthly

175
1,500
Residential
Commercialc
Residential
150
Industrial
1,000
125
100
Commercialc
75
500
Industrial
50
25
Transportation d
Transportation d
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Retail Salesa Total, January
2010
2011
2012
Retail Salesa Total, Monthly
400
400
332
333
311
300
300
200
200
100
100
2010
2012
0
2010
2011
2012
a
Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by utilities and
other energy service providers.
b
See Direct Use in Glossary.
c
Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorites.
108
2011
Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.

Source: Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Electricity End Use

(Million Kilowatthours)
Discontinued
Retail Sales Series
Retail Salesa
Transportationd
Total
Retail Salese
Total
End Useg
Commercial
(Old) h
NA
NA
NA
NA
124,529
150,677
152,638
156,239
160,866
171,629
170,943
162,649
166,184
168,295
168,470
150,016
146,927
125,670
132,197
126,938
1,712,909
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,837,084
3,163,963
3,253,765
3,301,849
3,425,097
3,483,716
3,592,357
3,557,107
3,631,650
3,662,029
3,715,949
3,810,984
3,816,845
3,890,231
3,865,159
3,723,803
388,266
403,049
488,155
605,989
751,027
862,685
887,445
928,633
979,401
1,001,996
1,055,232
1,083,069
1,104,497
59,326
68,222
73,732
87,279
91,988
95,407
97,539
102,901
103,518
106,952
109,496
113,174
105,552
331,841
298,440
292,505
267,034
283,712
330,889
369,006
371,728
327,711
287,811
274,871
318,943
3,754,493
E 11,084
E 10,144
E 10,884
E 10,091
E 10,611
E 11,037
E 11,690
E 12,298
E 11,221
E 10,605
E 10,520
E 11,725
342,925
308,585
303,389
277,125
294,323
341,927
380,696
384,026
338,932
298,416
285,392
330,668
3,886,403
710
633
655
618
615
637
645
620
630
608
584
649
7,606
332,561
295,909
290,044
273,805
285,951
326,881
368,580
370,073
324,186
285,699
273,053
299,421
3,726,163
E 11,301
E 10,037
E 10,506
E 10,119
E 10,831
E 10,899
E 11,630
E 11,570
E 10,787
E 10,356
E 10,639
E 11,505
E 130,179
343,862
305,945
300,550
283,924
296,783
337,780
380,209
381,643
334,973
296,055
283,692
310,926
3,856,342
669
310,859
E 11,539
322,398
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
579,231
588,140
717,495
793,934
924,019
1,042,501
1,082,512
1,075,880
1,130,109
1,144,923
1,192,446
1,201,607
1,265,180
1,275,824
1,291,982
1,359,227
1,351,520
1,392,241
1,379,981
1,364,474
E 444,505
E 468,296
E 3,087
E 2,974
558,643
689,121
838,263
953,117
980,061
1,026,626
1,077,957
1,103,821
1,159,347
1,190,518
1,204,531
1,198,728
1,230,425
1,275,079
1,299,744
1,336,315
1,335,981
1,307,168
686,085
687,680
815,067
836,772
945,522
1,012,693
1,033,631
1,038,197
1,051,203
1,058,217
1,064,239
996,609
990,238
1,012,373
1,017,850
1,019,156
1,011,298
1,027,832
1,009,300
917,442
3,244
4,147
4,751
4,975
4,923
4,907
4,962
5,126
5,382
5,724
5,517
6,810
7,224
7,506
7,358
8,173
7,700
7,781
1,712,909
1,747,091
2,094,449
2,323,974
2,712,555
3,013,287
3,101,127
3,145,610
3,264,231
3,312,087
3,421,414
3,394,458
3,465,466
3,493,734
3,547,479
3,660,969
3,669,919
3,764,561
3,732,962
3,596,865
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
147,500
122,840
111,790
88,046
94,843
127,496
154,688
154,053
124,582
96,688
93,166
130,015
1,445,708
108,120
100,747
101,756
99,791
106,176
119,388
127,925
129,143
119,137
108,461
101,524
108,031
1,330,199
75,506
74,164
78,303
78,597
82,088
83,347
85,725
87,904
83,353
82,046
79,575
80,264
970,873
715
689
656
600
606
658
667
628
639
615
607
633
7,712
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
144,911
120,685
105,065
94,069
97,755
126,008
154,888
153,688
122,842
94,576
93,126
116,087
1,423,700
107,884
99,368
103,507
100,019
106,841
117,460
127,139
128,200
117,403
107,655
99,782
104,030
1,319,288
79,055
75,223
80,817
79,099
80,741
82,775
85,907
87,565
83,311
82,860
79,561
78,655
975,569
2012 January ................
126,475
105,076
78,640
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting,
interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.
c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning
in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.
e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation."
f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same
entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a
service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities
that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.
g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."
Direct Usef
131,910
Other
(Old) i
h "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for the commercial

sector, excluding public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and
other sales to public authorities.
i "Other (Old)" is a discontinued seriesdata are for public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and
irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
E=Estimate. NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
109
and service) by Canada from the United States.
Electricity
Note. Classification of Power Plants Into EnergyUse Sectors. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only
and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use
sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a
NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power
Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11
(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining,
including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 3133
(manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and
22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned
to the Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are
assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report, asks respondents to
indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a
NAICS code from the list at
http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_860/instructions_form.doc.
Table 7.1 Sources

Net Generation, Electric Power Sector
Table 7.2b.
Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Table 7.2c.
Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade With

Canada and Mexico, 1973 1989
1973September 1977:
Unpublished Federal Power
Commission data.
October 19771980: Unpublished Economic Regulatory
Administration (ERA) data.
1981: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Energy Emergency Operations, Report on Electric Energy
Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year
1981, April 1982 (revised June 1982).
1982 and 1983: DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across
International Borders.
19841986: DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across
International Borders.
1987 and 1988: DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
1989: DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, Annual
Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.
Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade with

Canada, 1990 Forward
National Energy Board of Canada, data for total sales (firm
and interruptible; which exclude non-revenue, inadvertent,
and service) from Canada to the United States, and data for
total purchases (which exclude non-revenue, inadvertent,
110
Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade with

Mexico, 1990 Forward
DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability,
Form OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports
Report, and predecessor form. For 2001 forward, data from
the California Independent System Operator are used in
combination with the Form OE-781 values to estimate
electricity trade with Mexico.
T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

Calculated as the sum of total net generation and imports
minus end use and exports.
End Use
Table 7.6.
Table 7.2b Sources

1973September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form
FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
October 19771981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19821988:
(EIA), Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator ReportNonutility.
20012003: EIA, Form EIA-906, Power Plant Report.
and Form EIA-920, Combined Heat and Power Plant
Report.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report.
Table 7.2c Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 19731988
1973September 1977:
Federal Power Commission
(FPC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant Report, for
plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,
and FPC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial Electric Generating
Capacity, for all other plants.
October 19771978: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, Industrial
Electric Generating Capacity, for all other plants.
1979:
FERC, Form FPC-4, Monthly Power Plant
Report, for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10
megawatts, and U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA) estimates for all other plants.
19801988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation

over the 6-year period of 19741979.
2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations

Report.
All Data, 1989 Forward

19891997: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power
Producer Report.
19982000:
EIA, Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility.
Report.
Table 7.3b Sources
Table 7.6 Sources

Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial
FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue
and Income.
October 1977February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of
Electric Operating Revenue and Income.
March 19801982: FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility
Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form
EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement.
19841997: EIA, Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Utility
Report.
1998 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2012,
Table 5.1.

19821988: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),
Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power
Plant Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility.
Report.
19732002: Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion

of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
Table 5.1.
Table 7.4b Sources
Direct Use, Annual

Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant Report.
19891997: EIA, Form EIA-759, Monthly Power
Plant Report, and Form EIA-867, Annual
Nonutility Power Producer Report.
Report, and Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric Generator
ReportNonutility.
Report.
Retail Sales, Commercial

19732002: Estimated by EIA as the sum of Commercial
(Old) and the non-transportation portion of Other (Old).
See estimation methodology at
http://www.eia.gov/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.
Table 5.1.
Retail Sales, Transportation
19891996: EIA, Form EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power

Producer Report.
19972010: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2010, November 2011, Table 7.2.
2011: Sum of monthly estimates.
Direct Use, Monthly

Annual shares are calculated as annual direct use divided by
annual commercial and industrial net generation (on Table
7.1). Then monthly direct use estimates are calculated as the
annual share multiplied by the monthly commercial and
industrial net generation values. For 2011 and 2012, the
2010 annual share is used.
Discontinued Retail Sales Series Commercial (Old)

and Other (Old)
19732002: See sources for Residential and Industrial.
111
8. Nuclear
Energy
Figure 8.1
Nuclear Energy Overview
Operable Units, End of Year, 1973-2011

125
Number of Units
100
Peak: 112 units
(1990)
75
104 units
(2011)
50
25
42 units
(1973)
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
Electricity Net Generation, 1973-2011
1995
2000
2005
2010
Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation,

1973-2011
25
20
15
Percent
Trillion Kilowatthours
Total
2
1
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2005
2010
120
72.569
72.743
100
72.382
60
Percent
80
30
60
40
20
0
January
January
January
2010
2011
2012
2010
2011
2012
0
J
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear.

Sources: Tables 7.2a and 8.1.
114
2000
Capacity Factor, Monthly
90
Billion Kilowatthours
10
Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Total
Operable
Unitsa,b
Net Summer
Capacity of
Operable Unitsb,c
Nuclear Electricity
Net Generation
Number
Million Kilowatts
Million Kilowatthours
Nuclear Share
of Electricity
Net Generation
Capacity Factord
Percent
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
42
57
71
96
112
109
109
107
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
22.683
37.267
51.810
79.397
99.624
99.515
100.784
99.716
97.070
97.411
97.860
98.159
98.657
99.209
99.628
99.988
100.334
100.266
100.755
101.004
83,479
172,505
251,116
383,691
576,862
673,402
674,729
628,644
673,702
728,254
753,893
768,826
780,064
763,733
788,528
781,986
787,219
806,425
806,208
798,855
4.5
9.0
11.0
15.5
19.0
20.1
19.6
18.0
18.6
19.7
19.8
20.6
20.2
19.7
19.9
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.6
20.2
53.5
55.9
56.3
58.0
66.0
77.4
76.2
71.1
78.2
85.3
88.1
89.4
90.3
87.9
90.1
89.3
89.6
91.8
91.1
90.3
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
e RE 101.002
72,569
65,245
64,635
57,611
66,658
68,301
71,913
71,574
69,371
62,751
62,655
73,683
806,968
20.1
20.4
20.7
20.0
20.3
18.2
17.6
17.5
20.0
20.4
20.5
20.3
19.6
RE 96.6
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
E 101.167
20.0
20.7
20.6
18.0
17.6
17.7
17.2
17.6
19.8
20.5
21.2
21.4
19.2
E 96.6
RP 101.423
72,743
64,789
65,662
54,547
57,017
65,270
72,345
71,339
66,849
63,354
64,474
71,837
790,225
E 101.423
72,382
21.2
2012 January ......................
104
RE 101.000
RE 100.998
RE 100.996
RE 101.063
RE 101.094
RE 101.092
RE 101.090
RE 101.088
RE 101.104
RE 101.129
101.167
101.167
E 101.167
E 101.167
E 101.167
E 101.167
RE 101.281
RE 101.281
RE 101.351
RE 101.351
RE 101.351
RE 101.351
RP 101.423
a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent

permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors,"
at end of section. For additional information on nuclear generating units, see
Annual
Energy
Review
2010,
October
2011,
Table
9.1,
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#nuclear.
b At end of period.
c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity,"
at end of section.
d For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor, see Note
2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.
e Beginning in 2010, monthly capacity values are estimated in two steps: 1)
uprates reported on Form EIA-860M are added to specific months; and 2) the
RE 96.1
RE 86.0
RE 79.2
RE 88.7
E 93.8
RE 95.6
RE 95.2
RE 95.3
E 83.4
E 86.0
97.9
91.1
E 95.3
E 87.2
E 74.9
E 75.8
RE 89.5
RE 96.0
RE 94.6
RE 91.6
RE 84.0
RE 88.4
RP 95.2
RP 89.1
E 95.9
difference between the resulting year-end capacity (from data reported on Form
EIA-860M) and final capacity (reported on Form EIA-860) is distributed evenly
across the 12 months.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Notes: For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,
"Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. Nuclear electricity net
generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#nuclear for all
115
Nuclear Energy
time of summer peak demand. Auxiliary power of a typical

nuclear power plant is about 5 percent of gross generation.
Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors. A reactor is

generally defined as operable while it possessed a full-power
license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its
predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent
permission to operate, at the end of the year or month
shown. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude
units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine
shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate
electricity. Examples are:
(b) Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating

(DER)The nominal net electrical output of a unit,
specified by the utility and used for plant design.
(a) In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority

(TVA) units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3, and Sequoyah 1 and
2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage. All
five units were idle for several years, restarting in 2007,
1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively and were counted
as operable during the shutdowns.
(b) Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976
for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is
counted as operable from 1957 until its retirement in 1982.
(c) Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for
replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as
operable during those years.
Exceptions to the definition are Shoreham and Three Mile
Island 2. Shoreham was granted a full-power license in April
1989, but was shut down two months later and never
restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession
Only. Although not operable at the end of the year,
Shoreham is counted as operable during 1989. A major
accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although
the unit retained its full-power license for several years, it is
considered permanently shut down since that year.
The monthly capacity factors are calculated as the monthly

nuclear electricity net generation divided by the maximum
possible nuclear electricity net generation for that month. The
maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation is the
number of hours in the month (assuming 24-hour days, with
no adjustment for changes to or from Daylight Savings Time)
multiplied by the net summer capacity of operable nuclear
generating units at the end of the month. That fraction is then
multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity
factors are calculated as the annual nuclear electricity net
generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear
electricity net generation (the sum of the monthly values for
maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation).
Table 8.1 Sources

Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of
Operable Units
1973-1982: Compiled from various sources, primarily
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor
Programs, U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric
Generating Units: Significant Milestones.
1983 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report,
Form EIA-860M, Monthly Update to the Annual Electric
Generator Report, and monthly updates as appropriate. For
a
list
of
currently
operable
units,
see
http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/reactors/stats_table1.html.
Note 2. Nuclear Capacity. Nuclear generating units may

have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the
following:
Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of

See Table 7.2a.
(a) Net Summer CapacityThe steady hourly output that

generating equipment is expected to supply to system load,
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the
Capacity Factor
Calculated by EIA using the method described above in
Note 2.
116
9. Energy
Prices
Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices

Crude Oil Prices, 1973-2011
Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly
120
150
100
125
Dollars per Barrel
80
60
Dollars per Barrel
2012
40
Composite Refiner
Acquisition Cost
20
2011
100
2010
75
50
25
Domestic First
Purchase Price
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Refiner Prices to End Users: Motor Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, and Jet Fuel, Monthly
Dollarsa per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
4.50
No. 2
Diesel Fuel
4.00
3.50
3.00
Finished
Motor Gasoline
2.50
2.00
Kerosene-Type
Jet Fuel
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
J
F M A M J
J A S O N D J
F M A M J
2010
J A S O N D J
F M A M J
2011
J A S O N D
2012
Refiner Prices to End Users: No. 2 Fuel Oil, Propane, and Residual Fuel, Monthly
Dollarsa per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)
4.50
4.00
No. 2 Fuel Oil
3.50
3.00
Residual Fuel Oil
2.50
2.00
1.50
Propane (Consumer Grade)
1.00
0.50
0.00
J
F M A M J J A S O N D J
2010
F M A M J J A S O N D J
2011
F M A M J J A S O N D
2012
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices.
Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7.
118
Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary

(Dollarsa per Barrel)
Refiner Acquisition Costb
Domestic First
Purchase Pricec
F.O.B. Cost
of Importsd
Landed Cost
of Importse
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
3.89
7.67
21.59
24.09
20.03
14.62
18.46
17.23
10.87
15.56
26.72
21.84
22.51
27.56
36.77
50.28
59.69
66.52
94.04
56.35
f 5.21
11.18
32.37
25.84
20.37
15.69
19.32
16.94
10.76
16.47
26.27
20.46
22.63
25.86
33.75
47.60
57.03
66.36
90.32
57.78
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
72.89
72.74
75.77
78.80
70.90
70.77
71.37
72.07
71.23
76.02
79.20
83.98
74.71
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
2012 January ....................
February ..................
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
a
b
c
d
e
f
Domestic
Imported
Composite
f 6.41
12.70
33.67
26.67
21.13
16.78
20.31
18.11
11.84
17.23
27.53
21.82
23.91
27.69
36.07
49.29
59.11
67.97
93.33
60.23
E 4.17
E 4.08
E 4.15
8.39
24.23
26.66
22.59
17.33
20.77
19.61
13.18
17.90
29.11
24.33
24.65
29.82
38.97
52.94
62.62
69.65
98.47
59.49
13.93
33.89
26.99
21.76
17.14
20.64
18.53
12.04
17.26
27.70
22.00
23.71
27.71
35.90
48.86
59.02
67.04
92.77
59.17
10.38
28.07
26.75
22.22
17.23
20.71
19.04
12.52
17.51
28.26
22.95
24.10
28.53
36.98
50.24
60.24
67.94
94.74
59.29
72.96
71.50
75.41
78.27
69.21
70.17
71.01
71.27
71.72
75.52
79.56
83.95
74.20
74.78
75.01
77.65
79.34
72.00
72.62
73.43
73.63
74.25
77.26
81.56
86.64
76.49
76.04
75.91
78.52
82.12
75.23
73.93
74.54
76.21
74.87
78.88
82.05
86.48
77.96
75.07
73.73
76.77
80.03
71.15
71.91
73.25
73.50
73.20
77.02
80.07
85.59
75.88
75.48
74.58
77.43
80.83
72.66
72.66
73.73
74.58
73.85
77.77
80.85
85.95
76.69
85.66
86.69
99.19
108.80
102.46
97.30
97.82
89.00
90.22
92.28
100.18
98.71
95.73
86.80
92.07
104.19
111.52
105.92
104.35
105.60
97.72
100.84
101.92
R 105.79
R 103.36
R 101.70
89.61
94.25
104.80
112.54
108.28
105.19
106.19
99.27
101.03
102.55
R 105.98
R 105.53
R 102.98
88.73
89.50
102.34
111.96
107.55
102.53
102.67
95.89
96.89
98.34
106.69
104.51
100.74
87.99
91.72
102.48
113.08
107.99
105.36
105.94
99.01
101.05
102.00
107.67
R 106.52
102.70
88.28
90.85
102.43
112.65
107.82
104.23
104.68
97.70
99.39
100.57
107.28
R 105.69
R 101.93
R 98.95
R 105.11
R 104.06
R 103.97
R 105.25
R 104.70
NA
NA
NA
E 105.92
E 108.73
E 107.60
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section.
See Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.
See Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section.
See Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section.
Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Values for Domestic First Purchase Price and Refiner Acquisition Cost
for the current two months and for F.O.B. and Landed Costs of Imports for the
current three months are preliminary. F.O.B. and landed costs through 1980
reflect the period of reporting; prices since then reflect the period of loading.
Annual averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.
Geographic coverage is the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#prices for all
119
Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged .................

1975 Average ..................
1980 Average ..................
1985 Average ..................
1990 Average ..................
1995 Average ..................
1996 Average ..................
1997 Average ..................
1998 Average ..................
1999 Average ..................
2000 Average ..................
2001 Average ..................
2002 Average ..................
2003 Average ..................
2004 Average ..................
2005 Average ..................
2006 Average ..................
2007 Average ..................
2008 Average ..................
2009 Average ..................
W
10.97
33.45
26.30
20.23
16.58
20.71
18.81
12.11
17.46
27.90
23.25
24.09
28.22
37.26
52.48
62.23
67.80
95.66
57.07
20.75
16.73
21.33
18.85
12.56
17.20
29.04
24.25
24.64
28.89
37.73
51.89
59.77
67.93
91.17
57.90
11.44
31.06
25.33
19.26
15.64
19.14
16.72
10.49
15.89
25.39
18.89
21.60
24.83
31.55
43.00
52.91
61.35
84.61
56.47
7.81
11.82
35.93
28.04
22.46
17.40
21.27
19.43
12.97
17.32
28.70
24.85
25.38
29.40
38.71
55.95
65.69
76.64
102.06
64.61
3.25
10.87
28.17
22.04
20.36
W
19.28
15.16
8.87
17.65
24.62
18.98
23.92
25.03
34.08
47.96
56.09
W
93.03
57.87
34.36
27.64
23.43
16.94
19.43
18.59
12.52
19.14
27.21
23.30
24.50
28.76
37.30
54.48
66.03
69.96
96.33
65.63
5.39
11.04
24.81
23.64
19.55
13.86
17.73
15.33
9.31
14.33
24.45
18.01
20.13
23.81
31.78
46.39
55.80
64.10
88.06
55.58
3.68
10.88
28.92
23.31
18.54
W
19.22
15.24
9.09
17.15
24.72
18.89
23.38
25.17
33.08
47.21
56.02
69.93
91.44
59.53
5.43
11.34
32.21
25.67
20.40
15.36
18.94
16.26
10.20
15.90
25.56
19.73
22.18
25.36
33.95
49.60
59.18
69.58
93.15
58.53
4.80
10.62
32.85
25.96
20.32
16.02
19.65
17.51
11.21
16.84
26.77
21.04
22.93
26.21
33.58
45.79
55.35
62.69
87.15
57.16
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
74.62
W
78.11
84.40
71.86
72.90
74.77
77.11
W
W
85.99
W
78.18
70.08
68.70
73.90
74.85
64.32
67.19
70.00
69.88
69.71
76.06
78.92
81.62
72.56
72.96
69.16
72.76
75.57
68.30
67.64
68.53
69.53
69.90
73.93
77.14
81.75
72.46
75.91
76.07
81.27
85.94
74.28
75.61
79.63
75.70
80.93
84.59
86.61
93.68
80.83
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
74.06
W
W
W
76.44
70.86
68.83
70.88
72.59
66.37
66.19
67.25
68.27
67.59
72.10
75.03
77.78
70.30
W
71.89
76.10
80.01
73.60
72.49
71.76
72.79
73.34
78.28
80.99
W
75.65
73.42
71.77
75.83
78.88
70.45
71.39
72.16
72.38
73.24
77.55
80.95
85.72
75.23
72.49
71.14
74.91
77.73
68.24
69.20
69.87
70.35
70.24
73.80
78.49
82.40
73.24
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
95.97
W
113.63
122.52
113.33
115.13
114.80
W
112.49
109.74
112.49
111.26
111.82
83.36
87.23
101.29
114.17
106.15
102.78
100.30
95.01
97.45
102.37
106.97
R 103.10
R 100.19
84.36
88.77
102.55
109.90
105.13
103.43
104.84
98.21
100.28
101.48
107.94
R 105.96
R 100.92
99.86
109.07
117.98
126.05
117.66
119.13
119.68
115.61
115.43
114.46
115.35
W
115.35
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
109.99
W
W
W
R 107.07
81.25
85.11
97.56
106.56
101.60
100.59
100.62
97.17
95.72
96.93
105.44
R 105.76
R 97.22
W
97.25
107.36
114.82
110.29
106.39
109.06
106.98
108.41
105.62
106.51
R 104.46
R 106.49
89.74
96.01
106.19
115.15
108.50
108.22
110.09
104.19
105.82
105.20
108.16
R 106.41
R 105.34
83.92
88.67
102.44
107.71
103.81
100.42
100.90
93.57
97.08
98.65
R 104.17
R 101.24
R 98.54
2012 January ....................
111.10
106.58
108.06
113.78
104.96
107.46
107.56
103.29
b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
individual company data.
120
Notes: The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all
costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B." in Glossary, and Note
3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. Values for the current two months
are preliminary. Prices through 1980 reflect the period of reporting; prices since
then reflect the period of loading. Annual averages are averages of the monthly
prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are
purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements
whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is
acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published
data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. U.S. geographic
Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries
Selected Countries
Angola
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
Nigeria
Saudi
Arabia
United
Kingdom
Venezuela
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Total
OPECc
Total
Non-OPECc
1973 Averaged ...............

1975 Average ................
1980 Average ................
1985 Average ................
1990 Average ................
1995 Average ................
1996 Average ................
1997 Average ................
1998 Average ................
1999 Average ................
2000 Average ................
2001 Average ................
2002 Average ................
2003 Average ................
2004 Average ................
2005 Average ................
2006 Average ................
2007 Average ................
2008 Average ................
2009 Average ................
W
11.81
34.76
27.39
21.51
17.66
21.86
20.24
13.37
18.37
29.57
25.13
25.43
30.14
39.62
54.31
64.85
71.27
98.18
61.32
5.33
12.84
30.11
25.71
20.48
16.65
19.94
17.63
11.62
17.54
26.69
20.72
22.98
26.76
34.51
44.73
53.90
60.38
90.00
57.60
22.34
17.45
22.02
19.71
13.26
18.09
29.68
25.88
25.28
30.55
39.03
53.42
62.13
70.91
93.43
58.50
12.61
31.77
25.63
19.64
16.19
19.64
17.30
11.04
16.12
26.03
19.37
22.09
25.48
32.25
43.47
53.76
62.31
85.97
57.35
9.08
12.70
37.15
28.96
23.33
18.25
21.95
20.64
14.14
17.63
30.04
26.55
26.45
31.07
40.95
57.55
68.26
78.01
104.83
68.01
5.37
12.50
29.80
24.72
21.82
16.84
20.49
17.52
11.16
17.48
26.58
20.98
24.77
27.50
37.11
50.31
59.19
70.78
94.75
62.14
35.68
28.36
22.65
17.91
20.88
20.64
13.55
18.26
29.26
25.32
26.35
30.62
39.28
55.28
67.44
72.47
96.95
63.87
5.99
12.36
25.92
24.43
20.31
14.81
18.59
16.35
10.16
15.58
26.05
19.81
21.93
25.70
33.79
47.87
57.37
66.13
90.76
57.78
5.91
12.64
30.59
25.50
20.55
16.78
20.45
17.44
11.18
17.37
26.77
20.73
24.13
27.54
36.53
49.68
58.92
69.83
93.59
62.15
6.85
12.70
33.56
26.86
21.23
16.61
20.14
17.73
11.46
16.94
27.29
21.52
23.83
27.70
36.84
51.36
61.21
71.14
95.49
61.90
5.64
12.70
33.99
26.53
20.98
16.95
20.47
18.45
12.22
17.51
27.80
22.17
23.97
27.68
35.29
47.31
57.14
63.96
90.59
58.58
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
77.32
79.06
80.93
82.26
74.80
76.54
77.20
78.40
80.49
85.33
86.98
91.77
80.63
72.59
73.37
76.82
78.36
69.16
69.14
70.25
70.10
68.66
69.23
75.40
80.76
72.80
74.26
73.11
76.08
76.33
66.52
69.64
71.61
71.49
70.85
76.72
80.24
82.76
74.25
73.23
69.48
73.07
75.03
68.71
68.02
69.31
69.95
70.47
74.73
77.55
82.37
72.86
78.58
79.25
83.68
86.80
76.90
78.14
81.07
79.15
81.58
86.01
89.15
95.44
83.15
76.63
77.29
77.57
79.53
77.52
76.01
75.46
76.06
77.15
81.81
84.62
90.45
79.25
77.97
77.84
79.07
80.25
W
77.67
76.60
79.52
W
W
87.10
92.50
80.12
72.63
70.91
72.92
75.21
68.53
68.30
69.59
70.14
68.88
74.29
77.53
80.79
72.43
76.34
77.27
77.55
79.15
76.20
75.14
74.75
75.81
76.64
81.24
84.09
89.99
78.58
75.91
76.24
78.40
80.07
73.95
74.55
74.81
75.42
76.39
80.52
84.38
89.25
78.27
73.59
73.33
76.84
78.61
70.20
70.92
72.03
71.81
71.89
74.15
78.96
83.97
74.67
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Average ................
99.58
110.07
114.40
124.01
116.76
116.73
117.98
113.36
112.63
114.82
R 115.14
R 115.65
R 114.05
81.43
80.65
89.32
99.26
98.29
92.36
91.76
84.05
85.19
88.21
R 93.80
R 95.94
R 90.03
85.88
90.14
105.74
112.47
109.70
104.31
101.35
95.08
99.17
104.14
R 108.52
R 106.64
R 102.53
85.00
89.08
103.03
110.55
105.62
103.71
105.38
98.78
99.90
101.97
108.46
R 106.31
R 101.22
101.24
108.94
117.17
126.47
119.95
120.81
121.80
115.83
117.19
116.09
117.05
R 117.10
R 116.40
96.59
103.20
110.12
116.13
112.19
110.00
111.06
109.38
109.91
108.90
R 108.61
R 107.33
R 108.74
W
W
118.42
124.67
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
RW
R 118.35
84.70
89.88
101.22
107.95
104.04
102.32
103.04
99.54
99.10
99.89
106.90
R 108.02
R 100.14
96.57
101.81
109.56
115.18
111.48
108.97
110.19
108.26
108.82
108.07
R 108.35
R 106.86
R 108.01
94.03
99.96
109.23
116.64
111.90
109.87
111.58
106.24
107.67
107.98
R 110.09
R 109.49
R 107.83
85.02
89.03
101.20
108.91
105.06
100.83
100.38
93.81
95.59
97.91
R 102.90
R 102.67
R 98.76
2012 January ..................
112.67
93.91
110.07
108.68
115.28
107.77
106.29
107.72
108.55
101.29

c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary.
On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for
19732008, also includes Indonesia; for 19731992 and again beginning in 2008,
also includes Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on
this table Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 19741995, also
includes Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 19751994);
and beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in
"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC."
d Based on October, November, and December data only.
R=Revised. =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of
Notes: See "Landed Costs" in Glossary, and Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed
Costs," at end of section. Values for the current two months are preliminary.
Prices through 1980 reflect the period of reporting; prices since then reflect the
period of loading. Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including
prices not published, weighted by volume. Cargoes that are purchased on a
"netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual
purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation
into the United States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices
have been determined and reported. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States
Sources: October 1973-September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,
Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." October 1977-December 1977:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer
Pricing Report." 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 22.
2010 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, April 2012, Table 22.
121
Table 9.4 Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)
Leaded
Regular
Unleaded
Regular
Unleaded
Premiumb
All Typesc
0.388
0.567
1.191
1.115
1.149
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.245
1.202
1.164
1.147
1.231
1.234
1.059
1.165
1.510
1.461
1.358
1.591
1.880
2.295
2.589
2.801
3.266
2.350
NA
NA
NA
1.340
1.349
1.336
1.413
1.416
1.250
1.357
1.693
1.657
1.556
1.777
2.068
2.491
2.805
3.033
3.519
2.607
NA
NA
1.221
1.196
1.217
1.205
1.288
1.291
1.115
1.221
1.563
1.531
1.441
1.638
1.923
2.338
2.635
2.849
3.317
2.401
2010 January ....................................

February ..................................
March .......................................
April .........................................
May ..........................................
June .........................................
July ..........................................
August .....................................
September ...............................
October ....................................
November ................................
December ................................
Average ..................................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.731
2.659
2.780
2.858
2.869
2.736
2.736
2.745
2.704
2.795
2.852
2.985
2.788
2.987
2.922
3.035
3.113
3.124
3.000
2.997
3.015
2.968
3.055
3.109
3.234
3.047
2.779
2.709
2.829
2.906
2.915
2.783
2.783
2.795
2.754
2.843
2.899
3.031
2.836
2011 January ....................................

February ..................................
March .......................................
April .........................................
May ..........................................
June .........................................
July ..........................................
August .....................................
September ...............................
October ....................................
November ................................
December ................................
Average ..................................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.091
3.167
3.546
3.816
3.933
3.702
3.654
3.630
3.612
3.468
3.423
3.278
3.527
3.345
3.424
3.807
4.074
4.192
3.972
3.915
3.893
3.887
3.745
3.700
3.553
3.792
3.139
3.215
3.594
3.863
3.982
3.753
3.703
3.680
3.664
3.521
3.475
3.329
3.577
2012 January ....................................

February ..................................
March .......................................
NA
NA
NA
3.399
3.572
3.868
3.663
3.840
4.138
3.447
3.622
3.918
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through
December data only.

c Also includes types of motor gasoline not shown separately.
NA=Not available.
Notes: See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. In
September 1981, the Bureau of Labor Statistics changed the weights used in the
calculation of average motor gasoline prices. From September 1981 forward,
gasohol is included in the average for all types, and unleaded premium is weighted
122
more heavily. Geographic coverage for 1973-1977 is 56 urban areas.

Geographic coverage for 1978 forward is 85 urban areas.
Sources: Monthly Data: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Consumer Prices: Energy. Annual Data: 1973Platts Oil Price
Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974 forwardcalculated by the
U.S. Energy Information Administration as the simple averages of monthly data.
Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil

(Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Residual Fuel Oil
Sulfur Content Less
Than or Equal to 1 Percent
Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content
Greater Than 1 Percent
Average
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
Sales for
Resale
Sales to
End Users
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.293
0.608
0.610
0.472
0.383
0.456
0.415
0.299
0.382
0.627
0.523
0.546
0.728
0.764
1.115
1.202
1.406
1.918
1.337
0.314
0.675
0.644
0.505
0.436
0.526
0.488
0.354
0.405
0.708
0.642
0.640
0.804
0.835
1.168
1.342
1.436
2.144
1.413
0.245
0.479
0.560
0.372
0.338
0.389
0.366
0.269
0.329
0.512
0.428
0.508
0.588
0.601
0.842
1.085
1.314
1.843
1.344
0.275
0.523
0.582
0.400
0.377
0.433
0.403
0.287
0.362
0.566
0.492
0.544
0.651
0.692
0.974
1.173
1.350
1.889
1.306
0.263
0.528
0.577
0.413
0.363
0.420
0.387
0.280
0.354
0.566
0.476
0.530
0.661
0.681
0.971
1.136
1.350
1.866
1.342
0.298
0.607
0.610
0.444
0.392
0.455
0.423
0.305
0.374
0.602
0.531
0.569
0.698
0.739
1.048
1.218
1.374
1.964
1.341
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
1.767
1.725
1.739
1.827
1.675
1.629
1.686
1.705
1.716
1.793
1.865
2.036
1.756
1.852
1.862
1.862
1.887
1.898
1.874
1.858
1.895
1.883
1.913
2.025
2.215
1.920
1.705
1.650
1.700
1.725
1.675
1.604
1.604
1.625
1.612
1.688
1.741
1.814
1.679
1.660
1.574
1.609
1.655
1.601
1.555
1.536
1.571
1.558
1.637
1.701
1.784
1.619
1.721
1.666
1.711
1.748
1.675
1.612
1.629
1.642
1.632
1.712
1.768
1.865
1.697
1.725
1.681
1.692
1.718
1.686
1.636
1.639
1.676
1.645
1.721
1.804
1.931
1.713
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
NA
2.100
2.344
2.555
2.463
2.467
2.547
2.394
2.368
2.512
2.566
2.473
2.389
2.302
2.451
2.654
2.741
2.786
2.905
2.877
2.896
2.882
2.891
2.853
2.891
2.736
1.896
2.079
2.307
2.427
2.374
2.377
2.430
2.392
2.370
2.375
2.424
2.335
2.316
1.870
2.019
2.245
2.370
2.325
2.312
2.362
2.342
2.318
2.276
2.368
2.348
2.257
1.918
2.086
2.321
2.448
2.392
2.402
2.474
2.392
2.369
2.406
2.459
2.371
2.336
2.013
2.150
2.403
2.475
2.440
2.473
2.508
2.512
2.473
2.454
2.521
2.509
2.401
2012 January ........................
2.591
2.965
2.480
2.452
2.512
2.620
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
NA=Not available.
Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
commercial consumers. Values for the current month are preliminary. Prices
prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note
6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the

50 States and the District of Columbia.
Sources: 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 16.
123
Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.434
0.941
0.835
0.786
0.626
0.713
0.700
0.526
0.645
0.963
0.886
0.828
1.002
1.288
1.670
1.969
2.182
2.586
1.767
0.537
1.128
1.130
1.063
0.975
1.055
1.065
0.912
1.007
1.330
1.256
1.146
1.288
1.627
2.076
2.490
2.758
3.342
2.480
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.097
2.033
2.197
2.265
2.152
2.113
2.113
2.095
2.088
2.198
2.243
2.383
2.165
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2012 January ........................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.386
0.868
0.794
0.773
0.539
0.646
0.613
0.450
0.533
0.880
0.763
0.716
0.871
1.208
1.723
1.961
2.171
3.020
1.719
0.404
0.864
0.874
0.839
0.580
0.714
0.653
0.465
0.550
0.969
0.821
0.752
0.955
1.271
1.757
2.007
2.249
2.851
1.844
0.369
0.803
0.776
0.697
0.511
0.639
0.590
0.422
0.493
0.886
0.756
0.694
0.881
1.125
1.623
1.834
2.072
2.745
1.657
0.365
0.801
0.772
0.694
0.538
0.659
0.606
0.444
0.546
0.898
0.784
0.724
0.883
1.187
1.737
2.012
2.203
2.994
1.713
0.237
0.415
0.398
0.386
0.344
0.461
0.416
0.288
0.342
0.595
0.540
0.431
0.607
0.751
0.933
1.031
1.194
1.437
0.921
2.759
2.662
2.906
2.999
2.945
2.835
2.891
2.842
2.805
2.890
2.868
3.024
2.874
2.121
1.999
2.129
2.247
2.186
2.094
2.100
2.138
2.131
2.263
2.342
2.459
2.185
2.282
2.216
2.219
2.281
2.110
2.103
2.046
2.125
2.163
2.384
NA
2.744
2.299
2.075
1.986
2.100
2.214
2.129
2.037
2.001
2.041
2.093
2.221
2.308
2.435
2.147
2.078
2.025
2.163
2.312
2.177
2.120
2.098
2.161
2.190
2.325
2.392
2.486
2.214
1.332
1.324
1.179
1.144
1.098
1.049
1.012
1.084
1.151
1.253
1.277
1.322
1.212
2.472
2.584
2.934
3.218
3.174
2.970
3.058
2.949
2.896
2.805
2.701
2.614
2.867
3.161
3.248
3.607
4.035
4.096
3.847
4.011
3.899
3.878
3.616
3.494
3.424
3.739
2.585
2.783
3.095
3.259
3.188
3.101
3.090
3.040
3.025
2.962
3.089
2.951
3.014
2.804
2.974
3.196
3.296
W
3.054
3.158
3.089
3.073
3.096
3.258
R 3.006
3.065
2.585
2.737
2.996
3.167
3.039
2.956
3.024
2.927
2.927
2.915
3.050
2.928
2.907
2.621
2.820
3.134
3.296
3.116
3.079
3.135
3.032
3.035
3.035
3.157
R 2.927
3.034
1.380
1.401
1.403
1.433
1.515
1.503
1.513
1.522
1.557
1.511
1.498
1.444
1.467
2.747
3.576
3.059
3.197
3.027
3.017
1.341
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

Notes: Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate
consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made
directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture,
industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. Values
124
for the current month are preliminary. Prices prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum
Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District
of Columbia.
Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users

Finished
Motor
Gasolineb
Finished
Aviation
Gasoline
KeroseneType
Jet Fuel
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
0.484
1.035
0.912
0.883
0.765
0.847
0.839
0.673
0.781
1.106
1.032
0.947
1.156
1.435
1.829
2.128
2.345
2.775
1.888
0.516
1.084
1.201
1.120
1.005
1.116
1.128
0.975
1.059
1.306
1.323
1.288
1.493
1.819
2.231
2.682
2.849
3.273
2.442
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2.240
2.173
2.301
2.370
2.353
2.251
2.247
2.250
2.219
2.319
2.378
2.514
2.301
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
2012 January ........................
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Kerosene
No. 2
Fuel
Oil
No. 2
Diesel
Fuel
Propane
(Consumer
Grade)
0.387
0.868
0.796
0.766
0.540
0.651
0.613
0.452
0.543
0.899
0.775
0.721
0.872
1.207
1.735
1.998
2.165
3.052
1.704
0.421
0.902
1.030
0.923
0.589
0.740
0.745
0.501
0.605
1.123
1.045
0.990
1.224
1.160
1.957
2.244
2.263
3.283
2.675
0.400
0.788
0.849
0.734
0.562
0.673
0.636
0.482
0.558
0.927
0.829
0.737
0.933
1.173
1.705
1.982
2.241
2.986
1.962
0.377
0.818
0.789
0.725
0.560
0.681
0.642
0.494
0.584
0.935
0.842
0.762
0.944
1.243
1.786
2.096
2.267
3.150
1.834
0.335
0.482
0.717
0.745
0.492
0.605
0.552
0.405
0.458
0.603
0.506
0.419
0.577
0.839
1.089
1.358
1.489
1.892
1.220
2.914
2.855
3.103
3.201
3.129
2.981
3.028
2.967
2.893
3.000
3.095
3.218
3.028
2.129
2.018
2.144
2.272
2.199
2.105
2.103
2.158
2.148
2.298
2.374
2.484
2.201
2.986
2.974
2.978
3.040
2.938
2.965
NA
2.772
2.898
3.058
3.130
3.276
3.063
2.369
2.310
2.425
2.527
2.487
2.393
2.246
2.379
2.346
2.580
2.641
2.749
2.462
2.192
2.144
2.265
2.410
2.343
2.284
2.212
2.260
2.269
2.389
2.457
2.554
2.314
1.913
2.009
NA
1.326
1.264
1.204
1.162
1.211
1.283
1.425
NA
1.863
1.481
2.615
2.712
3.072
3.340
3.419
3.184
3.172
3.134
3.090
2.980
2.922
2.808
3.050
3.323
3.374
3.767
4.132
4.091
3.913
4.027
3.920
3.915
3.697
3.620
W
3.803
2.623
2.818
3.161
3.306
3.220
3.138
3.118
3.057
3.059
2.987
3.124
2.963
3.054
3.358
3.506
3.697
3.796
3.894
3.802
3.812
3.851
3.873
3.823
3.892
R 3.824
R 3.616
2.889
3.020
3.255
3.430
3.337
3.193
3.294
3.251
3.288
3.346
3.403
3.255
3.193
2.681
2.867
3.189
3.370
3.231
3.183
3.214
3.143
3.127
3.108
3.225
R 3.024
3.117
NA
1.823
1.763
NA
1.648
1.681
1.620
1.650
1.702
1.706
1.773
1.691
1.709
2.912
3.088
3.848
3.345
3.090
1.655
b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

Notes: Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,
including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6;
they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. Values for
the current month are preliminary. Prices prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum
Prices," at end of section. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District
of Columbia.
125
Table 9.8a No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Northeastern States

Maine
New
Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode
Island
Connecticut
New
York
New
Jersey
Pennsylvania
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
0.486
0.963
0.997
0.989
0.787
0.972
0.942
0.788
0.813
1.297
1.217
1.129
1.314
1.511
1.986
2.294
2.540
3.199
0.503
1.004
1.024
1.028
0.779
0.940
0.942
0.788
0.770
1.281
1.256
1.119
1.312
1.497
1.972
2.283
2.535
3.207
0.508
1.015
1.077
1.070
0.853
0.969
0.987
0.873
0.854
1.255
1.261
1.172
1.309
1.505
1.987
2.408
2.679
3.323
0.488
0.978
1.070
1.084
0.844
0.976
0.960
0.818
0.836
1.273
1.221
1.141
1.386
1.559
2.064
2.355
2.576
3.197
0.507
1.011
1.067
1.086
0.874
0.986
0.989
0.868
0.858
1.259
1.236
1.124
1.344
1.511
2.000
2.360
2.602
3.210
0.501
0.983
1.080
1.098
0.864
0.986
0.963
0.831
0.852
1.291
1.239
1.118
1.355
1.518
2.012
2.357
2.615
3.195
0.501
0.982
1.113
1.125
0.955
1.063
1.065
0.948
0.969
1.442
1.363
1.218
1.436
1.627
2.105
2.458
2.674
3.293
0.496
0.979
1.059
1.087
0.888
1.024
1.033
0.892
0.913
1.404
1.314
1.220
1.489
1.662
2.166
2.467
2.664
3.267
0.488
0.964
1.023
1.026
0.826
0.953
0.950
0.814
0.815
1.224
1.159
1.064
1.304
1.489
1.974
2.286
2.508
3.157
2009 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
2.506
2.404
2.237
2.250
2.175
2.295
2.268
2.350
2.333
2.391
2.461
2.486
2.382
2.537
2.426
2.283
2.246
2.151
2.201
2.077
2.243
2.272
2.373
2.484
2.523
2.377
2.774
2.693
2.545
2.437
2.370
2.376
2.324
2.378
2.403
2.484
2.604
2.640
2.593
2.356
2.226
2.166
2.192
2.142
2.371
2.312
2.432
2.386
2.470
2.619
2.634
2.358
2.346
2.209
2.127
2.143
2.169
2.385
2.285
2.454
2.357
2.537
2.685
2.718
2.376
2.576
2.429
2.362
2.314
2.225
2.413
2.354
2.490
2.349
2.516
2.645
2.665
2.487
2.543
2.447
2.334
2.338
2.300
2.428
2.291
2.523
2.455
2.574
2.747
2.733
2.504
2.389
2.288
2.166
2.187
2.187
2.381
2.322
2.454
2.437
2.541
2.710
2.731
2.404
2.427
2.268
2.202
2.177
2.190
2.211
2.137
2.257
2.196
2.315
2.520
2.536
2.330
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
2.583
2.536
2.560
2.565
2.511
2.479
2.478
2.469
2.539
2.677
2.774
2.910
2.639
2.611
2.600
2.632
2.651
2.636
2.574
2.532
2.513
2.543
2.642
2.772
2.904
2.680
2.753
2.705
2.747
2.771
2.710
2.649
2.614
2.619
2.657
2.784
2.924
3.032
2.795
2.762
2.729
2.795
2.868
2.811
2.716
2.656
2.651
2.686
2.860
2.969
3.126
2.850
2.856
2.777
2.800
2.959
2.921
2.829
2.728
2.735
2.745
2.942
3.044
3.197
2.927
2.764
2.730
2.758
2.815
2.736
2.705
2.653
2.634
2.647
2.822
2.946
3.106
2.835
2.893
2.845
2.801
2.845
2.781
2.691
2.651
2.668
2.721
2.848
2.969
3.147
2.894
2.928
2.871
2.929
2.946
2.873
2.747
2.715
2.701
2.754
2.912
3.077
3.278
2.973
2.692
2.697
2.755
2.752
2.680
2.561
2.519
2.543
2.583
2.759
2.892
3.061
2.780
2011 January ................

February ..............
3.071
3.188
3.102
3.269
3.186
3.330
3.313
3.493
3.368
3.536
3.268
3.477
3.281
3.428
3.458
3.624
3.237
3.369
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
Notes: States are grouped in Tables 9.8a9.8c by geographic region of the
country. Values for the current month are preliminary. Prices prior to 1983 are
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical
Petroleum Prices," at end of section.

2010 and 2011: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, July 2011, Table 15.
Due to budget cuts in 2011, EIA adjusted its data programs. No. 2 distillate fuel oil
prices to residences (Tables 9.8a-9.8c) will not be available for March 2011 forward.
126
Table 9.8b No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Selected South Atlantic

and Midwestern States (Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Delaware
District
of
Columbia
Maryland
Virginia
West
Virginia
Ohio
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
Wisconsin
Minnesota
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
0.478
0.954
1.046
1.058
0.870
0.984
0.984
0.858
0.884
1.270
1.234
1.164
1.433
1.570
2.075
2.381
2.584
3.187
0.507
1.026
1.143
1.078
1.010
1.178
1.174
1.022
1.011
W
1.431
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
0.492
0.979
1.088
1.119
0.936
1.063
1.057
0.902
0.907
1.351
1.342
1.201
1.455
1.632
2.127
2.398
2.668
3.273
0.491
0.985
1.063
1.106
0.844
0.952
0.948
0.856
0.870
1.269
1.202
1.057
1.311
1.462
2.044
2.268
2.407
3.124
0.462
0.922
0.980
0.991
0.815
0.960
0.962
0.818
0.789
1.251
1.139
1.054
1.304
1.493
2.043
2.261
2.478
3.221
0.474
0.919
0.997
0.981
0.808
0.921
0.913
0.767
0.820
1.220
1.160
1.058
1.284
1.475
2.009
2.244
2.494
3.147
0.479
0.978
1.021
1.009
0.860
0.977
0.942
0.804
0.883
NA
NA
1.109
1.321
1.539
2.053
2.329
2.588
3.067
0.485
0.996
0.991
0.993
0.816
0.912
0.865
0.748
0.793
1.207
1.133
1.025
1.202
1.537
2.017
2.317
2.557
3.105
0.465
0.958
0.975
0.961
0.785
0.893
0.870
0.735
0.716
1.095
1.121
0.975
1.198
1.405
2.021
2.312
2.528
3.152
0.447
0.915
0.983
0.942
0.812
0.899
0.933
0.801
0.847
1.171
1.180
1.073
1.269
1.465
1.993
2.297
2.571
3.088
0.478
0.999
1.019
1.014
0.801
0.909
0.899
0.738
0.774
1.156
1.122
1.051
1.218
1.433
1.987
2.268
2.587
3.065
2009 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
2.428
2.310
2.253
2.267
2.253
2.289
2.253
2.340
2.309
2.505
2.683
2.724
2.421
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
2.470
2.407
2.275
2.263
2.224
2.320
2.307
2.397
2.396
2.561
2.707
2.763
2.473
2.225
2.145
1.999
NA
1.824
2.037
2.055
2.140
2.118
2.322
2.408
2.495
2.193
2.329
2.188
2.042
2.035
2.008
2.119
2.122
2.217
2.253
2.397
2.504
2.496
2.265
2.041
1.888
1.826
1.917
1.941
2.180
2.103
2.279
2.205
2.364
2.479
2.493
2.130
1.991
1.866
1.806
1.810
1.807
2.095
1.964
2.153
2.179
2.336
2.485
2.447
2.096
2.062
1.912
1.822
1.922
1.972
2.176
2.181
2.321
2.318
2.391
2.520
2.507
2.189
2.069
1.869
1.836
1.983
NA
2.060
NA
2.147
NA
2.386
2.483
2.427
2.155
2.004
1.854
1.781
1.870
1.975
2.200
2.166
2.284
2.262
2.331
2.421
2.395
2.105
1.974
1.813
1.735
1.890
1.872
2.156
2.092
2.297
2.232
2.301
2.388
2.394
2.124
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Average ..............
2.878
2.857
2.988
NA
2.853
2.695
2.655
2.617
2.678
2.847
NA
3.223
2.951
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
2.861
2.833
2.894
2.858
2.808
2.705
2.636
2.669
2.692
2.822
2.985
3.195
2.925
2.594
2.561
2.587
NA
2.435
2.356
2.345
2.351
2.397
2.567
2.754
2.920
2.621
2.681
2.714
2.712
2.676
2.583
2.501
2.499
2.547
2.577
2.720
2.834
3.024
2.724
2.572
2.533
2.585
2.566
2.574
2.436
2.436
2.511
2.554
2.695
2.802
2.923
2.653
2.526
2.501
2.640
2.731
2.669
2.505
2.481
2.508
2.596
2.734
2.830
2.933
2.657
2.565
2.510
2.614
2.679
NA
2.482
2.510
2.550
2.607
2.701
2.864
2.979
2.670
2.526
2.516
2.660
2.777
2.783
NA
2.582
W
2.732
NA
2.915
3.030
2.749
2.466
2.421
2.537
2.640
2.567
2.478
2.508
2.514
2.562
2.702
2.788
2.894
2.610
2.505
W
2.580
2.668
2.581
2.557
2.466
2.559
2.596
2.719
2.866
2.965
2.470
2011 January ................

February ..............
3.431
3.560
W
W
3.377
3.508
3.093
3.222
3.204
3.365
3.039
3.189
3.041
3.196
3.109
3.246
3.098
3.286
3.008
3.169
3.031
3.184
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company
data.

127
Table 9.8c No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Selected Western States

and U.S. Average (Dollarsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
Alaska
U.S.
Average
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
0.436
0.916
0.972
0.974
0.839
0.933
0.953
0.784
0.762
1.170
1.038
0.919
1.188
1.495
2.123
2.391
2.598
3.078
0.486
1.008
1.011
1.029
0.962
1.080
1.139
0.978
1.065
1.445
1.336
1.204
1.487
1.749
2.385
2.681
2.909
3.401
0.458
0.973
0.971
0.970
0.894
0.989
1.031
0.861
0.938
1.368
1.211
1.060
1.303
1.594
2.146
2.411
2.500
3.060
0.532
0.978
1.083
1.101
0.834
0.909
0.973
0.852
0.966
1.337
1.377
1.087
1.243
1.524
2.061
2.395
2.518
3.485
0.490
0.974
1.053
1.063
0.867
0.989
0.984
0.852
0.876
1.311
1.250
1.129
1.355
1.548
2.052
2.365
2.592
3.219
2009 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1.879
1.762
1.674
1.863
1.878
2.148
2.123
2.158
2.273
2.333
2.459
2.354
2.048
2.388
2.253
2.124
2.414
2.473
2.544
2.335
2.489
2.658
2.737
2.871
2.830
2.491
1.939
1.819
1.727
1.986
2.050
2.278
2.149
2.326
2.357
2.469
2.551
2.475
2.132
2.160
NA
1.946
2.140
2.256
2.506
2.362
2.554
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.503
2.426
2.309
2.210
2.211
2.167
2.307
2.219
2.369
2.334
2.458
2.608
2.628
2.386
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.392
2.412
2.569
2.747
2.675
NA
2.540
2.598
2.676
2.853
2.937
2.980
2.716
2.918
2.817
2.924
3.105
3.053
2.892
NA
2.757
NA
3.174
3.195
3.242
3.039
2.583
2.536
2.664
2.817
2.685
2.653
NA
2.625
2.760
2.871
2.935
2.991
2.776
NA
2.790
2.884
2.965
2.958
2.891
2.878
2.901
2.944
3.041
3.070
3.134
2.951
2.763
2.658
2.757
2.787
2.723
2.623
2.584
2.597
2.641
2.795
2.926
3.089
2.798
2011 January ......................

February ....................
3.005
3.173
3.350
3.537
3.079
3.295
3.210
3.366
3.251
3.409
1978 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
NA=Not available.

128
Figure 9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour)
By Sector, 1973-2011
By Sector, Monthly
14
14
Transportation
12
12
Transportation
Residential
10
10
Commercial
Commercial
Residential
8
Otherb
Industrial
Industrial
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Price in Glossary.
b
Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.
2010
2011
2012
Note: Includes taxes.
Source: Table 9.9.
Figure 9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Costs, 1973-2011
Costs, Monthly
20
25
20
15
Residual Fuel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
15
10
10
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
5
Coal
Coal
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2010
a
Prices are not adjusted for inflation.

Glossary.
See Nominal Dollars in
2011
2012

Source: Table 9.10.
129
Table 9.9 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)
Residential
Commercialb
Industrialc
Transportationd
Othere
Total
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
2.50
3.50
5.40
7.39
7.83
8.40
8.36
8.43
8.26
8.16
8.24
8.58
8.44
8.72
8.95
9.45
10.40
10.65
11.26
11.51
2.40
3.50
5.50
7.27
7.34
7.69
7.64
7.59
7.41
7.26
7.43
7.92
7.89
8.03
8.17
8.67
9.46
9.65
10.36
10.17
1.30
2.10
3.70
4.97
4.74
4.66
4.60
4.53
4.48
4.43
4.64
5.05
4.88
5.11
5.25
5.73
6.16
6.39
6.83
6.81
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.54
7.18
8.57
9.54
9.70
10.74
10.65
2.10
3.10
4.80
6.09
6.40
6.88
6.91
6.91
6.63
6.35
6.56
7.20
6.75
2.00
2.90
4.70
6.44
6.57
6.89
6.86
6.85
6.74
6.64
6.81
7.29
7.20
7.44
7.61
8.14
8.90
9.13
9.74
9.82
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
10.49
10.89
11.11
11.71
11.91
11.91
12.04
12.03
11.95
11.86
11.62
11.06
11.54
9.55
9.89
9.95
9.95
10.15
10.56
10.72
10.62
10.52
10.25
9.99
9.82
10.19
6.50
6.55
6.53
6.55
6.64
6.96
7.23
7.22
7.00
6.80
6.56
6.60
6.77
10.17
10.48
10.28
10.52
10.52
11.14
10.95
10.86
10.53
10.49
10.47
10.39
10.57
9.28
9.47
9.48
9.53
9.72
10.18
10.46
10.40
10.17
9.81
9.55
9.52
9.83
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Average ......................
10.95
11.12
11.59
11.75
12.01
12.05
12.16
12.15
12.25
12.13
11.88
11.52
11.80
9.85
10.07
10.01
10.05
10.27
10.75
10.77
10.82
10.67
10.30
10.06
9.85
10.32
6.59
6.70
6.60
6.60
6.75
7.21
7.39
7.46
7.23
6.82
6.60
6.60
6.89
10.39
10.69
10.35
10.14
10.80
11.12
11.32
10.93
10.88
10.37
10.04
9.90
10.58
9.55
9.64
9.64
9.64
9.87
10.35
10.57
10.58
10.39
9.90
9.67
9.64
9.99
2012 January ........................
11.43
9.88
6.50
9.73
9.65
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.
b Commercial sector. For 19732002, prices exclude public street and highway
lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.

c Industrial sector. For 19732002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation.
d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways.
e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to
public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads
and railways.
NA=Not available. =Not applicable.
Notes: Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by
"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been
redefined. Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not
correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider
billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in
uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. Prices include
State and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges,
environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other
130
miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing

operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments,
such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods.
See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of section for plant coverage, and
for information on preliminary and final values. Geographic coverage is the 50
Sources: 1973-September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,
"Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." October
1977-February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form
FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." March
1980-1982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement."
1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric
Utility Company Monthly Statement." 1984-1997: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual
Electric Utility Report." 1998 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2012,
Table 5.3.
Table 9.10 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

(Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)
Petroleum
Coal
Residual Fuel Oilb
Distillate Fuel Oilc
Petroleum Coke
Totald
Natural Gase
All Fossil Fuelsf
1973 Average ....................

1975 Average ....................
1980 Average ....................
1985 Average ....................
1990 Average ....................
1995 Average ....................
1996 Average ....................
1997 Average ....................
1998 Average ....................
1999 Average ....................
2000 Average ....................
2001 Average ....................
2002 Averageg ...................
2003 Average ....................
2004 Average ....................
2005 Average ....................
2006 Average ....................
2007 Average ....................
2008 Average ....................
2009 Average ....................
0.41
.81
1.35
1.65
1.45
1.32
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.22
1.20
1.23
1.25
1.28
1.36
1.54
1.69
1.77
2.07
2.21
0.79
2.01
4.27
4.24
3.32
2.59
3.03
2.79
2.08
2.44
4.29
3.73
3.73
4.66
4.73
7.06
7.85
8.64
13.62
8.98
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.38
3.99
4.87
4.49
3.30
4.03
6.65
6.30
5.34
6.82
8.02
11.72
13.28
14.85
21.46
13.22
NA
NA
NA
NA
.80
.65
.78
.91
.71
.65
.58
.78
.78
.72
.83
1.11
1.33
1.51
2.11
1.61
0.80
2.02
4.35
4.32
3.35
2.57
3.03
2.73
2.02
2.36
4.18
3.69
3.34
4.33
4.29
6.44
6.23
7.17
10.87
7.02
0.34
.75
2.20
3.44
2.32
1.98
2.64
2.76
2.38
2.57
4.30
4.49
3.56
5.39
5.96
8.21
6.94
7.11
9.01
4.74
0.48
1.04
1.93
2.09
1.69
1.45
1.52
1.52
1.44
1.44
1.74
1.73
1.86
2.28
2.48
3.25
3.02
3.23
4.12
3.04
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.23
2.27
2.31
2.29
2.26
2.25
2.27
2.30
2.28
2.27
2.26
2.23
2.27
11.85
12.11
12.44
13.17
12.36
11.96
12.28
12.28
12.34
13.53
14.06
14.61
12.57
15.73
15.69
16.42
17.10
16.54
16.12
15.89
16.24
16.53
17.14
17.43
18.56
16.60
1.72
1.80
2.09
2.18
2.22
2.15
2.42
2.65
2.67
2.43
2.22
2.57
2.28
9.72
9.51
8.95
7.95
9.47
9.26
9.63
9.18
9.35
9.13
10.86
11.29
9.54
6.71
6.07
5.29
4.71
4.79
5.12
5.18
4.92
4.45
4.30
4.35
5.43
5.09
3.74
3.45
3.16
3.01
3.12
3.34
3.51
3.39
3.10
2.94
2.94
3.32
3.26
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2.33
2.36
2.34
2.39
2.44
2.42
2.45
2.48
2.44
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.40
14.65
15.98
17.65
18.30
17.73
18.81
20.17
19.51
20.81
19.69
19.46
21.01
18.43
19.48
20.93
22.60
24.06
23.17
22.89
22.96
22.48
22.67
23.04
23.33
22.31
22.41
2.92
2.67
2.94
2.99
3.22
2.57
3.14
2.95
2.79
2.80
2.18
2.29
2.80
11.71
12.08
13.71
13.73
13.70
13.82
12.22
11.68
12.17
13.68
13.27
12.76
12.88
5.35
5.06
4.61
4.85
4.85
5.03
4.96
4.72
4.54
4.32
4.08
4.00
4.71
3.36
3.26
3.12
3.29
3.38
3.49
3.61
3.44
3.26
3.12
3.03
3.00
3.29
2012 January ......................
2.43
20.93
22.96
2.26
13.28
3.67
2.97
b For 19732001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and
small amounts of fuel oil no. 4).

c For 19732001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2).
petroleum, and waste oil. For 19731982, data do not include refined motor oil,
bunker oil, and liquefied petroleum gases. For 19731989, data do not include
petroleum coke.
e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For
1973-2000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases
f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural
Gas."
g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the
commercial and industrial sectors. See Note 8, "Costs of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at
Electric Generating Plants," at end of section for plant coverage.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Receipts are purchases of fuel. Yearly costs are averages of
monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. Geographic coverage is the 50
131
Figure 9.4
Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Selected Prices, 1973-2011

10
8
6
4
Citygate
Wellhead
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2005
2010
Consuming Sectors, 1973-2011

14
12
10
8
Residentialb
Commercialb
6
4
2
Transportation
Electric Powerb
Industrialb
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Consuming Sectors, Monthly

20
Residentialb
15
Commercialb
10
Industrialb
Electric Powerb
0
J
a
b
F M A M
J J
2010
S O N D
F M A M
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
Includes taxes.
132
J J
2011
S O N D
F M A M
J J
2012
S O N D

Source: Table 9.11.
Table 9.11 Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)
Consuming Sectorsb
Residential
Commercialc
Industriald
Wellhead
Price
Citygate
Price
Pricef
Percentage
of Sectorg
Pricef
Percentage
of Sectorg
Pricef
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
0.22
.44
1.59
2.51
1.71
1.55
2.17
2.32
1.96
2.19
3.68
4.00
2.95
4.88
5.46
7.33
6.39
6.25
7.97
3.67
NA
NA
NA
3.75
3.03
2.78
3.27
3.66
3.07
3.10
4.62
5.72
4.12
5.85
6.65
8.67
8.61
8.16
9.18
6.48
1.29
1.71
3.68
6.12
5.80
6.06
6.34
6.94
6.82
6.69
7.76
9.63
7.89
9.63
10.75
12.70
13.73
13.08
13.89
12.14
NA
NA
NA
NA
99.2
99.0
99.0
98.8
97.7
95.2
92.6
92.4
97.9
97.5
97.7
98.1
98.1
98.0
97.5
97.4
0.94
1.35
3.39
5.50
4.83
5.05
5.40
5.80
5.48
5.33
6.59
8.43
6.63
8.40
9.43
11.34
12.00
11.34
12.23
10.06
NA
NA
NA
NA
86.6
76.7
77.6
70.8
67.0
66.1
63.9
66.0
77.4
78.2
78.0
82.1
80.8
80.4
79.9
77.8
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
5.69
5.30
4.70
4.10
4.24
4.27
4.44
4.38
3.83
4.05
4.12
4.68
4.48
6.84
6.64
6.50
5.88
5.81
6.02
6.31
6.22
5.72
5.70
5.48
5.74
6.18
10.56
10.69
10.98
11.97
13.12
14.86
16.21
16.65
15.64
13.37
10.88
9.88
11.39
97.4
97.8
97.6
96.2
97.1
96.9
96.8
96.4
96.7
96.8
97.4
97.4
97.4
9.65
9.71
9.70
9.55
9.49
9.73
10.07
9.96
9.57
9.28
8.86
8.56
9.47
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Average ..................
E 4.37
E 4.34
E 3.95
E 4.05
E 4.12
E 4.20
E 4.27
E 4.20
E 3.82
E 3.62
E 3.35
E 3.14
E 3.95
5.68
5.75
5.68
5.61
5.78
6.08
6.12
6.19
5.92
5.43
5.25
5.03
5.62
9.79
10.00
10.19
11.03
12.13
14.14
15.53
15.98
15.07
12.45
10.58
9.69
10.80
96.1
96.1
95.8
95.5
95.8
95.9
95.9
95.2
95.1
95.1
94.6
95.9
95.7
2012 January ....................
E 2.89
4.86
9.55
95.7
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Transportation
Electric Powere
Percentage
of Sectorg
Vehicle Fuelh
Pricef
Pricef
Percentage
of Sectorg,i
0.50
.96
2.56
3.95
2.93
2.71
3.42
3.59
3.14
3.12
4.45
5.24
4.02
5.89
6.53
8.56
7.87
7.68
9.65
5.33
NA
NA
NA
68.8
35.2
24.5
19.4
18.1
16.1
18.8
19.8
20.8
22.7
22.1
23.6
24.0
23.4
22.2
20.5
18.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.39
3.98
4.34
4.44
4.59
4.34
5.54
6.60
5.10
6.19
7.16
9.14
8.72
8.50
11.75
8.13
0.38
.77
2.27
3.55
2.38
2.02
2.69
2.78
2.40
2.62
4.38
4.61
e3.68
5.57
6.11
8.47
7.11
7.31
9.26
4.93
92.1
96.1
96.9
94.0
76.8
71.4
68.4
68.0
63.7
58.3
50.5
40.2
83.9
91.2
89.8
91.3
93.4
92.2
101.1
101.1
81.2
81.8
79.7
75.7
73.0
71.9
70.6
69.8
68.5
71.8
77.7
80.2
77.5
6.93
6.76
6.01
5.12
5.07
5.03
5.49
5.37
4.61
4.74
4.60
5.42
5.49
19.0
18.6
18.4
17.7
17.9
18.0
18.3
17.8
17.5
16.8
17.6
17.8
18.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.25
6.98
6.27
5.47
4.91
4.96
5.31
5.34
5.06
4.61
4.45
4.55
5.68
5.27
101.0
100.5
101.0
100.9
100.9
100.6
100.6
100.5
100.7
101.3
101.0
101.3
100.8
8.66
8.81
8.81
8.97
9.17
9.48
9.67
9.89
9.51
8.88
8.60
8.28
8.86
68.4
67.7
64.9
61.7
58.5
56.5
54.8
52.8
52.0
52.7
61.1
64.7
R 62.3
5.56
5.67
5.11
5.26
5.10
5.09
4.95
5.13
4.72
4.59
4.53
4.47
5.02
16.3
16.1
16.2
15.6
16.2
15.6
16.5
15.8
15.7
15.6
15.9
16.5
16.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.63
5.28
4.82
5.03
5.01
5.19
5.11
4.84
4.69
4.47
4.24
4.15
4.87
101.5
102.1
101.2
101.8
101.1
101.2
100.2
100.9
101.5
101.6
101.2
101.4
101.2
8.23
64.8
4.47
15.5
NA
3.81
100.6
b See Note 9, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section.
c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
e The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also
include independent power producers. See Note 8, "Costs of Fossil-Fuel
Receipts at Electric Generating Plants," at end of section for plant coverage.
f Includes taxes.
g The percentage of the sectors consumption in Table 4.3 for which price
data are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table
9.11 Sources at end of section.
h Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to
fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the
prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet
vehicles.
i Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are
greater than reported natural gas consumptionthis can occur when
combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric
generating activities.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate.
Notes: Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental
gaseous fuels. Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 9, "Natural
Gas Prices," at end of section. Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are
simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices
are volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. Geographic coverage is
the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
133
Energy Prices
Note 1. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. The
average domestic first purchase price represents the average
price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased. Prior to
February 1976, the price represented an estimate of the average of posted prices; beginning with February 1976, the
price represents an average of actual first purchase prices.
The data series was previously called Actual Domestic
Wellhead Price.
Note 2. Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs. F.O.B. literally means
Free on Board. It denotes a transaction whereby the seller
makes the product available with an agreement on a given
port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to
arrange for the transportation and insurance.
Note 3. Crude Oil Landed Costs. The landed cost of
imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the total cost of all imported crude. Prior to April 1975,
imported crude costs to U.S. company-owned refineries in
the Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and
costs of crude oil from countries that export only small
amounts to the United States were also excluded. Beginning
in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include
U.S. company-owned refineries in the Caribbean. Landed
costs do not include supplemental fees.
Note 4. Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs. Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude
oil are from data collected on U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) Form EIA-14, Refiners Monthly
Cost Report. Those costs were previously published from
data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration
(ERA) Form ERA-49, Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements
Program Refiners Monthly Report. Form ERA-49 was
discontinued with the decontrol of crude oil on January 28,
1981. Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form
EIA-14 in accordance with conventions used for Form
ERA-49. The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same. However, due to possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for
handling prior period adjustments, care must be taken when
comparing the data collected on the two forms.
The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average price
paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in
accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted
and consistently and historically applied by the refiners
concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced in the
United States or from the outer continental shelf as defined in
43 USC Section 1331. Imported crude oil is either that oil
reported on Form ERA-51, Transfer Pricing Report, or any
crude oil that is not domestic oil. The composite cost is the
weighted average of domestic and imported crude oil costs.
Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA-49
excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Crude oil costs and volumes reported
134
on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA-P110M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report, included
unfinished oils but excluded SPR. Imported averages
derived from Form ERA-49 exclude oil purchased for SPR,
whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA-49
include SPR. None of the prices derived from Form EIA-14
include either unfinished oils or SPR.
Note 5. Motor Gasoline Prices. Several different series of
motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city
average retail prices of motor gasoline are calculated
monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These prices
include all Federal, State, and local taxes paid at the time of
sale. From 19741977, prices were collected in 56 urban
areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new
sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to
represent all urban consumersabout 80 percent of the total
U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially,
and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service
stations in the current sample include those providing all
types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-serve).
Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to
end users are determined by the EIA in a monthly survey of
refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA-782A). The
prices do not include any Federal, State, or local taxes paid
at the time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983
are based on Form FEA-P302-M-1/EIA-460, Petroleum
Industry Monthly Report for Product Prices, and also
exclude all Federal, State, or local taxes paid at the time of
sale. Sales for resale are those made to purchasers who are
other-than-ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales
made directly to the consumer of the product, including bulk
consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities) and
residential and commercial consumers.
Note 6. Historical Petroleum Prices. Starting in January
1983, Form EIA-782, Monthly Petroleum Product Sales
Report, replaced 10 previous surveys. Every attempt was
made to continue the most important price series. However,
prices published through December 1982 and those
published since January 1983 do not necessarily form
continuous data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing
systems, and statistical procedures. To provide historical
data, continuous series were generated for annual data
19781982 and for monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form
EIA-782 survey and system been in operation at that time.
This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for product and sales type matching and for
discontinuity due to other factors. An important difference
between the previous and present prices is the distinction
between wholesale and resale and between retail and end
user. The resale category continues to include sales among
resellers. However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility,
industrial, and commercial accounts previously included in
the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end

users. The end-user category continues to include retail
sales through company-owned and operated outlets but
also includes sales to the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities. Additional information may be found in Estimated Historic Time Series for
the EIA-782, a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in
the December 1983 [3] Petroleum Marketing Monthly,
published by EIA.
Note 7. Electricity Retail Prices. Average annual retail
prices of electricity have the following plant coverage:
Through 1979, annual data are for Classes A and B
privately owned electric utilities only. For 19801982,
annual data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric
operating revenues were $100 million or more during the
previous year. For 1983, annual data are for a selected
sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for
a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual
data also include energy service providers selling to retail
customers.
Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the
following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are
derived from selected privately owned electric utilities
and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in
1986, monthly data are based on a sample of publicly and
privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996,
monthly data also include energy service providers selling
to retail customers.
Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA-826,
"Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report With State
Distributions Report," which is a monthly collection of
data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and
privately owned electric utilities as well as a census of
energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated
States; a model is then applied to the collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities.
Preliminary annual data are the sum of the monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final
annual data become available each year from Form EIA861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios
to the preliminary Form EIA-826 values are used to derive
adjusted final monthly values.
Note 8. Costs of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. Data for 19731982 cover all regulated electric
generating plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combined totaled 25 megawatts or greater. From 19741982, peaking units were
included in the data and counted towards the
25-megawatt-or-greater total. Data for 19831990 cover
all regulated electric generating plants at which the
generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units
combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. Data for
19912001 cover all regulated electric generating plants at
which the generator nameplate capacity of all steamelectric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50
megawatts or greater. Data for 2002 forward cover the

aforementioned regulated generating plants plus unregulated generating plants (independent power producers, as
well as combined-heat-and-power generating plants and
electricity-only plants in the commercial and industrial
sector) whose total facility fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit
type.
Note 9. Natural Gas Prices. Natural gas prices are
intended to include all taxes. Instructions on the data
collection forms specifically direct that all Federal, State,
and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to
consumers are to be included. However, sales and other
taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers bills are
sometimes excluded by the reporting utilities. Deliveredto-consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural
gas delivered and sold to residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers. They do
not include the price of natural gas delivered on behalf of
third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle
fuel customers except for certain States in the residential and
commercial sectors for 2002 forward. Volumes of natural gas
delivered on behalf of third parties are included in the
consumption data shown in Table 4.3. Additional information
is available in the EIA Natural Gas Monthly, Appendix C.
Table 9.1 Sources

Domestic First Purchase Price
of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEAP124, Domestic Crude Oil Purchasers Monthly Report.
Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.
2010 forward: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, April
2012, Table 1.
F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports
October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
OctoberDecember 1977: EIA, Form FEA-F701-M-0,
Transfer Pricing Report.
19782009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table
1.
2012, Table 1.
Refiner Acquisition Cost
1973: EIA estimates. The domestic price was derived by
adding estimated transportation costs to the reported domestic first purchase price. The imported price was derived by
adding an estimated ocean transport cost to the average
Free Alongside Ship value published by the U.S. Bureau
of the Census.
135
19741976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products chapter.
1977: JanuarySeptember, FEA, based on Form FEAP110-M-1, Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
OctoberDecember, EIA, based on Form FEA-P110-M-1,
Refiners Monthly Cost Allocation Report.
1.
2012, Table 1.
Vehicle Fuel Price

EIA, NGA, annual reports.
Electric Power Sector Price
19731998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96.
19992002: EIA, NGM, October 2004, Table 4.
20032007: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants, and EIA, Form EIA-423 Monthly
Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.
2008 forward: Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Table 9.2 Sources

October 1973September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer Pricing Report.
October 1977December 1977: U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, Transfer
Pricing Report.
21.
2012, Table 21.
Table 9.10 Sources

FPC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Utility Plants.
October 1977December 1977: Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost
and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
1978 and 1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration
(EIA), Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and
Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.
19801989: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, May issues.
19902000: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2003,
Table 26.
20012007: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008,
Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form
FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels
for Electric Utility Plants; and EIA, Form EIA-423,
Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants
Report.
Table 4.1; and Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations
Report.
Table 9.11 Sources

All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power
Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports and unpublished
revisions.
2007 forward: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), March
2012, Table 3.
136
Percentage of Residential Sector

19892009: EIA, Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
2010 forward: Estimated by EIA as the average of the three
previous annual values.
Percentage of Commercial Sector
19872006: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial
consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of
others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to
commercial consumers.
2007 forward: EIA, NGM, March 2012, Table 3.
Percentage of Industrial Sector
19822006: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the
total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers
minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then
divided by the total amount delivered to industrial consumers.
2007 forward: EIA, NGM, March 2012, Table 3.
Percentage of Electric Power Sector
19732001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423,
"Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric
Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity
of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 19731988, see Monthly Energy Review, Table 7.3b; for 1989-2001,
see Monthly Energy Review, Table 7.4b).
2002-2007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report
of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants,"
and EIA-423, Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for
Electric Plants Report, divided by the quantity of natural
gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Monthly
Energy Review, Table 7.4b).
2008 forward: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural
gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power
producers reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, divided by the quantity of natural gas
consumed by the electric power sector (see Monthly
Energy Review, Table 7.4b).
10. Renewable
Energy
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)
Total and Major Sources, 1973-2011
10
8
Total
6
Biomassa
4
Hydroelectric Powerb
2
Otherc
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
By Source, 2011
1995
2000
2005
2010
By Sector, 2011
6
4.9
3.2
4
2.0
1.9
3
2.3
1.2
1
0.2
Hydro- Wood
electric
Powerb
Biofuelsa
Wind
Waste
Geo- Solar/
thermala PVa
Fossil Fuels
80
Industrial Transportation Electric

Power
Compared With Other Resources, 2011
80
80.1
60
60
40
40
Nuclear
Electric
Power
20
Renewable Energy
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
See Table 10.1 for definition.

Conventional hydroelectric power.
c
Geothermal, solar/PV, and wind.
138
Residential Commercial
100
100
0.1
Compared With Other Resources, 1973-2011
0.6
0.2
0
a
1.1
0.5
20
9.1
8.3
Fossil
Renewable
Nuclear
Fuels
Energy
Electric
Power
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.110.2c.
Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source

(Trillion Btu)
Productiona
Biomass
Consumption
Total
Renewable
Energyd
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powere
Biofuelsb
Totalc
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
93
111
198
141
186
202
211
233
254
308
402
487
564
720
978
1,387
1,583
1,529
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,099
3,155
3,108
2,929
2,965
3,006
2,624
2,705
2,805
2,998
3,104
R 3,216
R 3,461
R 3,864
R 3,927
4,411
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,558
7,012
7,018
6,494
6,517
6,104
5,164
5,734
5,982
6,070
6,229
R 6,599
R 6,509
R 7,202
R 7,615
2,861
3,155
2,900
2,970
3,046
3,205
3,590
3,640
3,297
3,268
2,811
2,242
2,689
2,825
2,690
2,703
2,869
2,446
2,511
2,669
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
152
142
158
152
157
152
158
160
155
162
163
167
1,879
359
R 672
R 610
R 682
R 661
R 716
R 753
R 701
R 661
R 625
R 645
R 682
R 725
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
R 331
366
352
358
355
368
R 370
359
368
R 368
382
R 4,336
R 8,132
R 382
R 343
R 376
R 358
R 368
R 373
R 382
R 384
R 371
R 378
R 381
R 402
R 754
R 715
R 821
R 819
R 838
R 826
R 795
R 746
R 679
R 710
R 741
R 778
Solar/
PVg
Windh
Woodi
20
34
53
97
171
152
163
167
168
171
164
164
171
175
178
181
181
186
192
200
NA
NA
NA
(s)
59
69
70
70
69
68
R 66
64
63
62
63
63
68
76
89
98
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
721
218
201
204
186
245
291
239
196
168
173
191
226
2,539
18
16
18
17
18
17
17
18
17
17
17
18
208
R 10
R9
R 10
R 10
R 11
R 11
R 11
R 11
R 11
R 10
R 10
R 10
67
53
84
95
85
79
66
65
69
77
95
88
923
R 20
18
19
R 19
R 19
19
18
19
R 19
19
R 226
19
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
169
151
170
162
168
165
170
175
166
175
176
186
2,033
R 4,498
R 9,222
255
241
310
309
323
315
308
257
210
195
209
241
3,171
2012 January ................
172
385
785
233
Geothermalf
18
R 20
a Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except

biofuels.
b Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
c Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
d Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and
biomass.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
f Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6), and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
g Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy.
h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
i Wood and wood-derived fuels.
R 126
R 12
R 12
R 13
R 13
R 14
R 14
R 14
R 14
R 13
R 14
R 12
R 13
Total
Renewable
Energy
Wastej
Biofuelsk
Total
1,527
1,497
2,474
2,687
2,216
2,370
2,437
2,371
2,184
2,214
2,262
2,006
1,995
2,002
2,121
R 2,137
R 2,099
R 2,070
R 2,040
R 1,891
2
2
2
236
408
531
577
551
542
540
511
364
402
401
389
403
397
413
436
R 453
NA
NA
NA
93
111
200
143
184
201
209
236
253
303
404
499
577
771
991
1,372
1,567
1,529
1,499
2,475
3,016
2,735
3,101
3,157
3,105
2,927
2,963
3,008
2,622
2,701
2,807
3,010
R 3,117
R 3,267
R 3,474
R 3,849
R 3,911
4,411
4,687
5,428
6,084
6,041
6,560
7,014
7,016
6,493
6,516
6,106
5,163
5,729
5,983
6,082
6,242
R 6,649
R 6,523
R 7,186
R 7,598
R 168
R 39
R 35
R 40
R 39
R 39
R 39
R 40
R 40
142
136
149
149
155
154
159
158
152
160
157
162
1,833
349
326
357
R 348
R 356
357
368
369
356
365
362
R 376
R 4,290
R 662
R 604
R 673
R 657
R 715
R 755
R 702
R 659
R 621
R 642
R 675
R 719
R 8,086
154
144
159
153
163
164
160
173
160
166
164
173
1,933
R 367
R 336
R 365
R 349
R 363
R 372
R 372
R 382
R 364
R 369
R 369
R 389
R 738
R 709
R 810
R 811
R 832
R 825
R 785
R 743
R 673
R 701
R 729
R 765
R 4,397
R 9,122
153
365
766
154
R 168
160
162
R 164
R 170
R 171
R 166
R 166
R 165
R 174
R 1,988
R 174
R 156
R 166
R 158
R 160
R 168
R 171
R 169
R 165
R 163
R 164
R 175
38
R 39
R 40
R 41
R 469
R 158
84
103
103
121
114
106
72
72
67
104
121
102
1,168
40
R 1,987
40
38
40
40
R 41
41
40
R 40
41
42
R 477
13
135
173
40
R 36
j Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
k Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Notes: Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation
sectors are estimates. See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. See
Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#renewable for all
Sources: Tables 10.2a10.4.
139
Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Commercial Sectora
Residential Sector
Biomass
Geothermalb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Solar/
PVc
Biomass
Woodd
Total
Hydroelectric
Powere
Geothermalb
Solar/
PVf
Windg
Woodd
Wasteh
Fuel
Ethanoli
Total
Total
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
64
65
64
64
63
R 61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
354
425
850
1,010
580
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
R 380
R 410
450
430
354
425
850
1,010
641
591
612
502
452
461
489
438
448
470
481
504
R 462
R 502
R 557
552
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
7
8
21
24
66
72
76
73
64
67
71
67
69
71
70
70
65
R 70
73
72
NA
NA
NA
NA
28
40
53
58
54
54
47
25
26
29
34
34
36
31
34
36
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
7
8
21
24
94
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
R 103
R 103
109
112
7
8
21
24
98
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
R 120
R 118
118
125
129
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
37
R 10
R 48
R 114
36
32
36
35
36
35
36
36
35
36
35
36
420
R 571
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
19
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
R 72
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
9
8
9
9
10
9
9
R 10
9
9
9
9
R 111
11
10
11
11
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
11
R 130
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
R 40
R 12
R 37
R 52
R 11
R 33
R 47
R 12
R 37
R 52
R 12
35
R 50
R 12
R 37
R 52
R 12
R 50
R 140
35
R 37
R 37
35
R 37
35
R 37
R 430
2012 January ................
12
36
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
R 10
R9
R 10
R9
R 10
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 12
R 44
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 47
R 48
R 610
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
R 20
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
R 71
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
36
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
110
11
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
R 131
52
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
11
R 52
R 52
R 50
R 52
R 50
R 52
a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants
Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
c Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the
commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
d Wood and wood-derived fuels.
e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
f Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
g Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
140
R2
i The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
consumed by the commercial sector.
Btu.
Notes:
Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV,
hydroelectric power, wind, and waste. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding. Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors

(Trillion Btu)
Industrial Sectora
Biomass
Hydroelectric
Powerb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Geothermalc
Biomass
Losses
Fuel
and CoEthanolh productsi
Solar/
PVd
Winde
Woodf
Wasteg
1,165
1,063
1,600
1,645
1,442
1,652
1,683
1,731
1,603
1,620
1,636
1,443
1,396
1,363
1,476
1,452
1,472
R 1,405
R 1,340
R 1,208
NA
NA
NA
230
192
195
224
184
180
171
145
129
146
142
132
148
130
144
144
R 155
NA
NA
NA
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
6
7
10
10
12
13
NA
NA
NA
42
49
86
61
80
86
90
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
377
532
617
R 109
R 15
R 13
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
17
60
56
62
60
62
60
62
63
61
64
65
67
742
R 170
R 172
188
181
183
182
R 188
190
R 185
R 190
190
198
R 2,230
190
183
185
R 183
190
191
187
192
R 191
199
R 2,250
66
59
66
62
64
63
64
65
62
65
66
69
772
197
176
190
182
185
190
192
191
R 187
R 189
192
202
2,273
R 199
R 178
67
197
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
35
32
33
33
31
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
18
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
116
R 1,311
15
15
15
R 172
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
17
2012 January ................
(s)
(s)
(s)
114
15
100
R 110
R 105
106
R 107
R 111
111
R 110
R 110
108
114
R 1,301
15
15
R 14
R 13
R 14
R 14
R 13
R 15
R 15
R 15
R 169
R 115
R 102
R 109
R 14
105
R 105
R 112
R 112
R 110
R 109
R 107
R 110
a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into
Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.
b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
d Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the
fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1
megawatt or greater.
e Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
f Wood and wood-derived fuels.
g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,
15
14
14
R 14
14
R 14
R 14
R 14
Biodiesel
Total
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
81
102
113
118
135
141
168
228
286
327
442
557
786
894
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
40
40
NA
NA
NA
50
60
112
81
102
113
118
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
826
934
81
76
83
84
89
90
91
91
86
91
88
92
1,040
(s)
3
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
29
81
79
85
88
92
92
94
93
89
93
90
93
1,070
192
R 185
187
192
R 194
192
188
190
R 194
204
2,295
83
81
87
83
90
92
85
96
83
89
84
90
1,042
3
3
5
7
6
7
9
10
14
11
12
12
99
86
84
92
90
96
100
94
106
96
99
97
102
1,141
199
81
84
Total
Total
1,165
1,063
1,600
1,918
1,684
1,934
1,969
1,996
1,872
1,882
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
R 1,936
R 2,028
R 1,994
1,200
1,096
1,633
1,951
1,717
1,992
2,033
2,057
1,929
1,934
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,726
1,853
1,873
1,930
R 1,956
R 2,049
R 2,016
187
185
Fuel
Ethanolj
consumed by the industrial sector.

i Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the
production of fuel ethanol and biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector
consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source.
j The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and
E85, consumed by the transportation sector.
Btu.
Notes: Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in
1973-1978 and 1989 forward, solar/PV, and wind. Totals may not equal sum of
141
Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

(Trillion Btu)
Hydroelectric
Powera
Biomass
Geothermalb
Solar/PVc
Windd
Woode
Wastef
Total
Total
1973 Total ....................

1975 Total ....................
1980 Total ....................
1985 Total ....................
1990 Totalg ..................
1995 Total ....................
1996 Total ....................
1997 Total ....................
1998 Total ....................
1999 Total ....................
2000 Total ....................
2001 Total ....................
2002 Total ....................
2003 Total ....................
2004 Total ....................
2005 Total ....................
2006 Total ....................
2007 Total ....................
2008 Total ....................
2009 Total ....................
2,827
3,122
2,867
2,937
3,014
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
20
34
53
97
161
138
148
150
151
152
144
142
147
148
148
147
145
145
146
146
NA
NA
NA
(s)
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
NA
NA
NA
(s)
29
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
721
1
(s)
3
8
129
125
138
137
137
138
134
126
150
167
165
185
182
186
177
180
2
2
2
7
188
296
300
309
308
315
318
211
230
230
223
221
231
237
258
261
3
2
4
14
317
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
2,851
3,158
2,925
3,049
3,524
3,747
4,153
4,216
3,872
3,874
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,445
3,340
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
217
199
202
184
243
290
238
195
168
171
190
225
2,521
13
11
13
12
13
12
12
13
12
12
12
13
148
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
(s)
12
67
53
84
95
85
79
66
65
69
77
95
88
923
17
16
16
15
14
16
17
18
16
15
16
17
196
21
20
22
21
22
23
23
23
22
22
23
23
264
39
36
39
36
36
39
40
41
38
37
39
41
459
335
300
338
329
378
421
358
315
288
298
337
367
4,064
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
254
239
308
307
321
313
307
256
209
194
207
239
3,153
14
13
14
13
14
13
13
13
13
14
13
14
163
(s)
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
18
84
103
103
121
113
106
72
72
67
104
120
102
1,168
16
15
15
12
13
15
16
16
15
13
13
16
175
21
20
23
22
22
23
24
23
22
23
23
23
269
38
35
38
33
35
38
40
39
37
36
36
39
444
391
390
463
476
486
473
434
383
327
349
377
396
4,945
2012 January ................
232
14
135
16
22
38
420
a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6).
c Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6).
e Wood and wood-derived fuels.
142
g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are
Notes:
Sources: Biomass: Table 7.4b. All Other Data: Tables 7.2b and A6.
Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Traded
1981 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
Denaturantc
TBtu
TBtu
Mbbl
Net
Stock
Importse Stocksd,f Changed,g
Productiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Consumption
Minus
Denaturanth
Consumptiond
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
TBtu
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
13
93
111
198
141
186
202
211
233
253
307
400
484
552
688
914
1,300
1,517
6
42
49
86
61
80
86
90
99
108
130
169
203
230
285
376
531
616
40
294
356
647
464
613
669
698
773
841
1,019
1,335
1,621
1,859
2,326
3,105
4,433
5,688
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,325
23,178
30,674
33,453
34,881
38,627
42,028
50,956
66,772
81,058
92,961
116,294
155,263
221,637
260,424
83
617
748
1,358
973
1,288
1,405
1,465
1,622
1,765
2,140
2,804
3,404
3,904
4,884
6,521
9,309
10,938
7
52
63
115
83
109
119
124
138
150
182
238
289
331
414
553
790
928
NA
NA
NA
387
313
85
66
87
116
315
306
292
3,542
3,234
17,408
10,457
12,610
4,720
NA
NA
NA
2,186
2,065
2,925
3,406
4,024
3,400
4,298
6,200
5,978
6,002
5,563
8,760
10,535
14,226
16,594
NA
NA
NA
-207
-121
860
481
618
-624
898
1,902
-222
24
-439
3,197
1,775
3,691
2,368
1,978
14,693
17,802
32,919
23,612
29,899
33,038
34,350
39,367
41,445
49,360
67,286
84,576
96,634
130,505
163,945
230,556
262,776
83
617
748
1,383
992
1,256
1,388
1,443
1,653
1,741
2,073
2,826
3,552
4,059
5,481
6,886
9,683
11,037
7
52
63
117
84
107
118
122
140
148
176
240
301
344
465
584
821
936
7
51
62
114
82
104
115
119
137
144
171
233
293
335
453
569
800
910
2010 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
149
138
154
147
152
149
154
157
152
160
161
165
1,839
60
56
62
59
61
60
62
63
61
64
65
67
742
541
496
537
522
534
522
543
538
533
563
585
592
6,506
25,625
23,802
26,486
25,384
26,244
25,632
26,584
26,964
26,221
27,471
27,747
28,457
316,617
1,076
1,000
1,112
1,066
1,102
1,077
1,117
1,132
1,101
1,154
1,165
1,195
13,298
91
85
94
90
93
91
95
96
93
98
99
101
1,127
-234
-482
-1,104
-927
-368
-341
-578
-695
-924
-830
-923
-1,711
-9,115
18,251
19,297
20,222
20,042
19,851
18,565
17,809
17,380
17,437
17,278
18,150
17,941
17,941
1,657
1,046
925
-180
-191
-1,286
-756
-429
57
-159
872
-209
1,347
23,734
22,274
24,457
24,637
26,067
26,577
26,762
26,698
25,240
26,800
25,952
26,955
306,155
997
936
1,027
1,035
1,095
1,116
1,124
1,121
1,060
1,126
1,090
1,132
12,858
85
79
87
88
93
95
95
95
90
95
92
96
1,090
82
77
85
85
90
92
93
93
88
93
90
93
1,061
2011 January ..............

February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
Total ..................
165
147
163
154
161
157
160
163
154
163
164
172
1,922
66
59
65
62
64
63
64
65
62
65
66
69
770
581
535
548
507
545
535
555
575
525
557
573
600
6,636
28,524
25,400
28,194
26,591
27,756
27,064
27,624
28,110
26,645
28,092
28,335
29,772
332,107
1,198
1,067
1,184
1,117
1,166
1,137
1,160
1,181
1,119
1,180
1,190
1,250
13,948
102
90
100
95
99
96
98
100
95
100
101
106
1,182
-1,359
-1,425
-2,003
-2,865
-1,743
-1,533
-2,731
-790
-1,820
-2,388
-3,258
-3,407
-25,322
20,672
20,809
21,440
20,807
20,387
18,833
18,700
17,900
18,437
18,072
18,343
18,261
18,261
i 2,732
137
631
-633
-420
-1,554
-133
-800
537
-365
271
-82
i 321
24,433
23,838
25,560
24,359
26,433
27,085
25,026
28,120
24,288
26,069
24,806
26,447
306,464
1,026
1,001
1,074
1,023
1,110
1,138
1,051
1,181
1,020
1,095
1,042
1,111
12,871
87
85
91
87
94
96
89
100
86
93
88
94
1,091
85
83
89
85
92
94
87
97
84
90
86
92
1,063
2012 January ..............
167
67
583
29,063
1,221
103
-1,789
21,753
3,492
23,782
999
85
82
a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol
used for fuel ethanol.
b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel
ethanolthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced.
d Includes denaturant.
e Through 2009, data are for fuel ethanol imports only; data for fuel ethanol
exports are not available. Beginning in 2010, data are for fuel ethanol imports
minus fuel ethanol exports.
f Stocks are at end of period.
g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus
denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables
10.110.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2.
i Derived from the preliminary December 2010 stocks value (17,940 thousand
barrels), not the final December 2010 value (17,941 thousand barrels) that is shown
under "Stocks."
NA=Not available.
Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate
heat content of fuel ethanolsee Table A3. Through 1980, data are not
available. For 19811992, data are estimates. For 19932008, only data for
feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.
Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are
estimates. See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus
Denaturant" in Glossary. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
Columbia.
143
Table 10.4
Biodiesel Overview
Trade
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Feedstocka
Losses
and Coproductsb
TBtu
TBtu
Production
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
Net
Stock
Importsc Stocksd Changee
Imports
Exports
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Mbbl
Balancing
Itemf
Mbbl
Consumption
Mbbl
MMgal
TBtu
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1
1
2
4
12
32
63
88
65
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
204
250
338
666
2,162
5,963
11,662
16,145
12,054
9
10
14
28
91
250
490
678
506
1
1
2
4
12
32
62
87
65
78
191
94
97
207
1,069
3,342
7,502
1,844
39
56
110
124
206
828
6,477
16,128
6,332
39
135
-16
-26
1
242
-3,135
-8,626
-4,489
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
711
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
682
243
385
322
640
2,163
6,204
8,528
7,519
7,537
10
16
14
27
91
261
358
316
317
1
2
2
3
12
33
46
40
40
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
3
4
4
5
4
3
4
3
3
3
2
2
40
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
623
653
806
854
753
606
673
543
564
497
385
409
7,366
26
27
34
36
32
25
28
23
24
21
16
17
309
3
4
4
5
4
3
4
3
3
3
2
2
39
41
31
60
45
80
54
32
52
69
18
30
34
546
296
139
433
227
251
304
199
225
131
132
57
109
2,503
-256
-108
-374
-182
-171
-249
-167
-173
-62
-114
-27
-75
-1,958
1,049
1,039
1,057
1,009
1,016
968
830
771
682
650
676
672
672
338
-10
18
-48
7
-48
-138
-59
-89
-32
26
-4
-39
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
556
414
720
575
404
644
429
590
415
332
338
5,447
1
23
17
30
24
17
27
18
25
17
14
14
229
(s)
3
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
29
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
4
4
7
8
8
8
10
E 12
E 12
E 13
E 12
E 13
E 111
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
E(s)
E(s)
E(s)
E(s)
E(s)
E2
740
718
1,220
1,442
1,424
1,562
1,866
F 2,262
F 2,214
F 2,307
F 2,300
F 2,453
E 20,509
31
30
51
61
60
66
78
F 95
F 93
F 97
F 97
F 103
E 861
4
4
7
8
8
8
10
F 12
F 12
F 12
F 12
F 13
E 110
49
37
53
52
48
48
62
65
65
82
66
234
861
217
88
197
222
192
117
142
71
193
132
131
39
1,740
-169
-51
-144
-169
-144
-69
-80
-7
-127
-49
-65
195
-879
738
869
984
1,012
1,102
1,216
1,267
1,663
1,201
1,481
1,436
1,902
1,902
g 76
131
115
28
90
114
51
396
-462
280
-45
466
g 1,240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
496
536
961
1,245
1,190
1,379
1,736
E 1,859
E 2,549
E 1,978
E 2,280
E 2,182
E 18,391
21
23
40
52
50
58
73
E 78
E 107
E 83
E 96
E 92
E 772
3
3
5
7
6
7
9
E 10
E 14
E 11
E 12
E 12
E 99
2012 January ................
E5
E(s)
F 858
F 36
F5
44
248
-204
1,913
11
E 643
E 27
E3
a Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel.
b Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include
natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of
biodieselthese are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the
appropriate energy source.
c Net imports equal imports minus exports.
d Stocks are at end of period.
e A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates
an increase.
f Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data
sources, Balancing Item is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition.
g Derived from the preliminary December 2010 stocks value (662 thousand
barrels), not the final December 2010 value (672 thousand barrels) that is shown
under Stocks.
E=Estimate. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion
Btu. Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by
multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu
per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodieselsee Table A3). Through
2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. Data values preceded
by "F" are derived from EIAs Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. Totals
Beginning with August 2011, biodiesel production data are not available from the Bureau of the Census;
in their place, forecast data from EIAs Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System will be used until
survey data from EIAs Monthly Biodiesel Production Report are available.
144
Renewable Energy
Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Tables 1.1, 1.3, and 10.1, renewable energy
consumption consists of: conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6); geothermal electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat rate
see Table A6), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossilfuels heat ratesee Table A6); wood and wood-derived fuels
consumption; biomass waste (municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural
byproducts, and other biomass) consumption; fuel ethanol
(minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption; and losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.
In Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 10.1, renewable production is assumed
to equal consumption for all renewable energy sources except
biofuels (biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the
production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).
Table 10.2a Sources

Residential Sector, Geothermal
Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the
number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for the
current year is set equal to that of the previous year.)
Residential Sector, Solar/PV

19892009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
estimates based on Form EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal
Collector Manufacturers Survey, and Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.
Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
2010 forward: EIA estimates based on Form EIA-63B,
Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report; Form
EIA-63A, Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey (pre-2010 data); and SEIA/GTM Research, U.S.
Solar Market Insight: 2010 Year in Review. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the
number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
Residential Sector, Wood

19731979:
EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457, Residential Energy

Consumption Survey; and EIA estimates based on Form
EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data. Monthly
estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by
the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the
Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

1989 forward: Commercial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms, are
converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat
ratesee Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Geothermal

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The annual
estimate for the current year is set equal to that of the
previous year.)
Commercial Sector, Solar/PV

2008 forward: Commercial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from EIA, Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, are converted to
Btu by multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table
A6.
Commercial Sector, Wind

2009 forward: Commercial sector wind electricity net
generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Commercial Sector, Wood

19731979:
Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
19801983:
Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
1984: EIA estimate based on the 1983 value.
19851988: Values interpolated.
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables
7.4a7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-871,
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.
Data for wood consumption at commercial combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants are calculated as total wood
consumption at electricity-only and CHP plants (MER,
Table 7.4a) minus wood consumption in the electric power
sector (MER, Table 7.4b) and at industrial CHP plants
(MER, Table 7.4c). Annual estimates for wood consumption at other commercial plants are based on Form EIA-871
(the annual estimate for the current year is set equal to that of
the previous year); monthly estimates are created by dividing
145
the annual estimates by the number of days in the year and

then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste

EIA, MER, Table 7.4c.
Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7a, and 10.3. Calculated as
commercial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7a)
divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 3.5),
and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
1989 forward: EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Table

7.4c; and EIA estimates based on Form EIA-846, Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Data for wood
consumption at industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for
wood consumption at other industrial plants are based on
Form EIA-846 (the annual estimate for the current year is set
equal to that of the previous year); monthly estimates are
created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days
in the month.
Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste
Table 10.2b Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power
Industrial sector conventional hydroelectricity net generation
data from Table 7.2c are converted to Btu by multiplying by
the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Geothermal

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The annual
estimate for the current year is set equal to that of the previous year.)
1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector
waste consumption.
1982 and 1983: EIA estimates for total waste consumption
based on Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,
waste consumption.
waste consumption.
Industrial Sector, Solar/PV

2010 forward: Industrial sector solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation data from the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-923,
"Power Plant Operations Report," are converted to Btu by
multiplying by the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.

waste consumption.
Industrial Sector, Wind

2011 forward: Industrial sector wind electricity net generation data from EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations
Report," are converted to Btu by multiplying by the fossilfuels heat ratesee Table A6.
Industrial Sector, Wood

19731979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.
19801983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.
Table 1.
1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.
1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United
States During 1987, Table 2.
1988: Value interpolated.

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c; and EIA estimates
based on information presented in Government Advisory
Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane
Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane
Outreach Program. Data for waste consumption at industrial
CHP plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for
waste consumption at other industrial plants are based on the
non-EIA sources listed above (the annual estimate for the
current year is set equal to that of the previous year);
monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual
estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.
Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7b) divided
by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 3.5), and
1988: Value interpolated.

146
then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)

Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products

Calculated as fuel ethanol losses and co-products (Table
10.3) plus biodiesel losses and co-products (Table 10.4).
Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus

Denaturant)
EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7c)
divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table
3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)
Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

EIA, MER, Table 10.4. Transportation sector biodiesel
consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel consumption.
Table 10.3 Sources

Feedstock
Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels)
minus denaturant, and then multiplied by the fuel ethanol
feedstock factorsee Table A3.
approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in

thousand barrels for net production of conventional motor
gasoline and motor gasoline blending components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these
data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million
Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of conventional
motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values
for pentanes plus, conventional motor gasoline, and motor
gasoline blending components.
Production
19811992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal
fuel ethanol consumptionsee sources for "Consumption."
19932004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus
fuel ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports.
These data differ slightly from the original production data
from EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report,"
and predecessor form, which were not reconciled and
updated to be consistent with the final balance.
20052008:
Report."
EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate
2009 and 2010: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for net production of
fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.
Losses and Co-products

Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus
fuel ethanol production.
2011 and 2012: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data

for net production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and
oxygenate plants.
Denaturant
19812008:
Data in thousand barrels for petroleum
denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2
percent of fuel ethanol production; these data are converted
to Btu by multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the
estimated quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and
conventional motor gasoline used as denaturant).
Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change
2009 and 2010: U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Table 1. Data in
thousand barrels for net production of pentanes plus at
renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1;
these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 4.620
million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of
pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production
of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are
multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat
content of conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is
the sum of the values for pentanes plus, conventional
motor gasoline, and motor gasoline blending components.
19811989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption

1990, Table 10; and interpolated values for 1982, 1983,
1985, 1986, and 1988.
2011 and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),

monthly reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net
production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to
Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the
19922010: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Table 1.

2011 and 2012: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.
Consumption
19901992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy

Consumption 1992, Table D2; and interpolated value for 1991.
19932004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.
Calculated as 10 percent of oxygenated finished motor
gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).
20052008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.
Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments
(Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments (Table 1),
plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs (Table 15).
2009 and 2010: EIA, PSA, Table 1. Calculated as fuel
ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol
adjustments.
147
2011 and 2012: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus
fuel ethanol adjustments.
Consumption Minus Denaturant

Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount of
denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel
ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant in
fuel ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumption-toproduction ratio.
Table 10.4 Sources

Feedstock
Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock
factorsee Table A3).
Losses and Co-products

Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus biodiesel production.
Production
20012005: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity
Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual
data are derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are
estimated by dividing the annual data by the number of days
in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the
month.
2006: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
M311KFats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and
Stocks, data for soybean oil consumed in methyl esters
(biodiesel). In addition, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow
grease were consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
2007: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
and
Oils:
Production,
Census,
M311KFats
Consumption, and Stocks, data for all fats and oils
consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
January 2008December 2009: EIA, Monthly Biodiesel
Production Report, December 2009 (release date October
2010), Table 11. Monthly data for 2008 are estimated based
on U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
M311K data, multiplied by the EIA 2008 annual values
share of the M311K 2008 annual value.
148
January 2010July 2011: U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of the Census, M311KFats and Oils: Production,
Consumption, and Stocks, data for all fats and oils
consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel).
August 2011 forward: EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System.
Trade
U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes 3824.90.40.20, "Fatty Esters
Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data through June 2010), and
3824.90.40.30, "Biodiesel/Mixes" (for data beginning in July
2010); and exports data for Schedule B code 3824.90.40.00,
"Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture" (for data
through December 2010), and 3824.90.40.30, Biodiesel
<70% (for data beginning in January 2011). Although
these categories include products other than biodiesel (such
as biodiesel coprocessed with petroleum feedstocks; and
products destined for soaps, cosmetics, and other items),
biodiesel is the largest component. In the absence of other
reliable data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as
good substitutes.
Stocks and Stock Change

2009 and 2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Table
1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
2011 and 2012: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, Table 1,
data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol.
Balancing Item
Calculated as biodiesel consumption and biodiesel stock
change minus biodiesel production and biodiesel net
imports.
Consumption
20012008: Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel net imports.
January and February 2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for
refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except
fuel ethanol.
March 2009 forward: Calculated as biodiesel production
plus biodiesel net imports minus biodiesel stock change.
11. International
Petroleum
Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview

World Production, 1973-2011
World Production, Monthly

80
80
World
World
60
60
Non-OPEC
Non-OPEC
40
40
OPEC
OPEC
Persian Gulf Nations
20
20
Persian Gulf Nations
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2011
2012
2010
Selected Producers, 1973-2011
Selected Producers, Monthly
12
12
Russia
Saudi
Arabia
9
Saudi Arabia
United
States
Russia
United States
China
Iran
Iran
China
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Notes: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries. The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from
the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is included in Per-
150
2010
2011
2012
sian Gulf Nations.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Figure 11.1b World Crude Oil Production by

Selected Country
2.870
3.189
Selected Non-OPEC Countries
Canada
4.195
4.089
China
0.522
0.505
Egypt
2.632
2.562
Mexico
1.905
1.761
Norway
9.769
9.894
Russia
1.316
1.011
United Kingdom
5.529
6.094
United States
1.540
1.540
Algeria
1.790
1.890
Angola
0.500
0.504
Ecuador
4.076
3.850
Iran
OPEC Countries
January 2011
January 2012
Iraq
2.625
2.675
Kuwait
2.350
2.600
1.650
Libya
1.000
2.580
2.500
Nigeria
1.280
1.300
Qatar
9.140
Saudi Arabia
9.840
2.520
2.620
United Arab Emirates
2.240
2.240
Venezuela
10
12
Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting C ountries.

151
Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members

Total
OPECb
Iraq
Kuwaita
Libya
Nigeria
Qatar
209
161
204
281
285
392
396
388
375
373
395
412
393
411
528
532
536
511
505
486
5,861
5,350
1,662
2,250
3,088
3,643
3,686
3,664
3,634
3,557
3,696
3,724
3,444
3,743
4,001
4,139
4,028
3,912
4,050
4,037
2,018
2,262
2,514
1,433
2,040
560
579
1,155
2,150
2,508
2,571
2,390
2,023
1,308
2,011
1,878
1,996
2,086
2,375
2,391
3,020
2,084
1,656
1,023
1,175
2,057
2,062
2,007
2,085
1,898
2,079
1,998
1,894
2,136
2,376
2,529
2,535
2,464
2,586
2,350
2,175
1,480
1,787
1,059
1,375
1,390
1,401
1,446
1,390
1,319
1,410
1,367
1,319
1,421
1,515
1,633
1,681
1,702
1,736
1,650
2,054
1,783
2,055
1,495
1,810
1,993
2,001
2,132
2,153
2,130
2,165
2,256
2,118
2,275
2,329
2,627
2,440
2,350
2,165
2,208
570
438
472
301
406
442
510
550
696
665
737
714
679
715
783
835
850
851
924
927
7,596
7,075
9,900
3,388
6,410
8,231
8,218
8,362
8,389
7,833
8,404
8,031
7,634
8,775
9,101
9,550
9,152
8,722
9,261
8,250
1,533
1,664
1,709
1,193
2,117
2,233
2,278
2,316
2,345
2,169
2,368
2,205
2,082
2,348
2,478
2,535
2,636
2,603
2,681
2,413
3,366
2,346
2,168
1,677
2,137
2,750
2,938
3,280
3,167
2,826
3,155
3,010
2,604
2,335
2,557
2,565
2,511
2,433
2,394
2,239
29,661
25,790
25,383
15,367
22,498
25,500
26,003
27,274
28,346
27,199
28,940
28,114
26,435
27,885
30,313
31,766
31,476
31,085
32,363
30,442
2,040
2,060
2,070
2,070
2,030
1,980
1,970
1,890
1,790
1,790
1,790
1,790
1,939
464
470
478
480
478
491
492
485
490
497
508
499
486
4,088
4,100
4,112
4,120
4,120
4,127
4,033
4,040
4,047
4,053
4,060
4,068
4,080
2,475
2,475
2,375
2,375
2,375
2,425
2,325
2,325
2,375
2,375
2,375
2,525
2,399
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,350
2,350
2,350
2,350
2,350
2,350
2,300
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
2,480
2,420
2,430
2,360
2,310
2,410
2,410
2,510
2,550
2,580
2,510
2,490
2,455
969
1,036
1,055
1,072
1,091
1,113
1,136
1,164
1,193
1,216
1,235
1,235
1,127
8,240
8,440
8,540
8,740
8,740
9,240
9,340
9,340
9,340
8,840
9,040
8,940
8,900
2,414
2,414
2,414
2,414
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,090
2,140
2,090
2,110
2,140
2,140
2,140
2,140
2,140
2,140
2,240
2,240
2,146
30,699
30,995
31,004
31,181
31,138
31,780
31,801
31,849
31,880
31,446
31,713
31,742
31,437
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,790
1,790
1,790
1,740
1,640
1,690
1,740
1,790
1,840
1,790
1,940
1,890
1,786
500
509
501
504
497
495
492
495
496
502
504
501
500
4,076
4,084
4,092
4,100
4,100
4,100
4,050
4,050
4,050
4,000
4,000
3,950
4,054
2,625
2,525
2,525
2,525
2,575
2,575
2,625
2,625
2,725
2,725
2,725
2,725
2,626
2,350
2,350
2,450
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,550
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,530
1,650
1,340
300
200
200
100
100
0
100
300
550
800
465
2,580
2,570
2,450
2,500
2,570
2,570
2,570
2,600
2,600
2,400
2,500
2,400
2,525
1,280
1,280
1,290
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,296
9,140
9,140
8,940
8,940
8,940
9,640
9,840
9,940
9,740
9,540
9,840
R 9,840
R 9,458
2,520
2,520
2,620
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,820
2,688
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
2,240
32,291
31,888
30,738
30,859
30,872
31,520
31,767
31,900
31,951
31,657
32,459
R 32,606
R 31,708
1,540
1,890
504
3,850
2,675
2,600
1,000
2,500
1,300
9,840
2,620
2,240
32,559
Angola
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,097
983
1,106
1,036
1,180
1,162
1,227
1,259
1,226
1,177
1,214
1,265
1,349
1,516
1,582
1,692
1,699
1,708
1,705
1,585
162
165
150
231
475
646
709
714
735
745
746
742
896
903
1,052
1,250
1,413
1,744
1,981
1,907
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
1,540
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
2012 January ......................
Ecuador
a Except for the period from August 1990 through May 1991, includes about
one-half of the production in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. Kuwaiti
Neutral Zone output was discontinued following Iraqs invasion of Kuwait on
August 2, 1990, but was resumed in June 1991. In January 2012, Neutral Zone
production by both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia totaled about 600 thousand barrels
per day. Data for Saudi Arabia include approximately 150 thousand barrels per
day from the Abu Safah field produced on behalf of Bahrain.
b See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in
Glossary. On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or
"Non-OPEC" in all years based on their status in the most current year. For
example, Ecuador rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC"
152
Venezuela
Iran
Algeria
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
United
Arab
Emirates
Saudi
Arabiaa
for all years; and Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in
"Total Non-OPEC" for all years.
R=Revised.
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural
gas plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not
average to the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the
preliminary monthly data are not available.
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international
for all available data beginning in 1973.
Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC,
and World (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Selected Non-OPECa Producers
Persian
Gulf
Nationsb
Canada
China
Egypt
Mexico
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
20,668
18,934
17,961
9,630
15,278
17,208
17,367
18,095
19,337
18,667
19,892
19,098
17,794
19,063
20,787
21,501
21,232
20,672
21,913
20,402
1,798
1,430
1,435
1,471
1,553
1,805
1,837
1,922
1,981
1,907
1,977
2,029
2,171
2,306
2,398
2,369
2,525
2,628
2,579
2,579
1,090
1,490
2,114
2,505
2,774
2,990
3,131
3,200
3,198
3,195
3,249
3,300
3,390
3,409
3,485
3,609
3,673
3,729
3,790
3,799
165
235
595
887
873
920
922
856
834
852
768
720
715
713
673
658
633
637
581
539
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
20,471
20,750
20,781
21,007
21,025
21,604
21,634
21,669
21,755
21,284
21,510
21,568
21,257
2,497
2,712
2,621
2,695
2,745
2,772
2,765
2,783
2,648
2,690
2,942
2,933
2,734
3,968
3,938
3,981
3,961
4,040
4,108
4,056
4,104
4,183
4,181
4,263
4,126
4,076
523
523
523
523
523
523
522
522
522
522
525
525
523
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
Russia
United
Kingdom
United
States
Total
NonOPECa
World
8,324
9,523
11,706
11,585
10,975
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,995
5,850
5,920
5,854
6,079
6,479
6,917
7,408
8,132
8,805
9,043
9,247
9,437
9,357
9,495
2
12
1,622
2,530
1,820
2,489
2,568
2,518
2,616
2,684
2,275
2,282
2,292
2,093
1,845
1,649
1,490
1,498
1,391
1,328
9,208
8,375
8,597
8,971
7,355
6,560
6,465
6,452
6,252
5,881
5,822
5,801
5,746
5,681
5,419
5,178
5,102
5,064
4,950
5,361
26,018
27,039
34,175
38,598
37,999
36,934
37,815
38,532
38,685
38,768
39,583
40,003
40,826
41,515
42,133
41,905
41,902
41,821
41,227
41,740
55,679
52,828
59,558
53,965
60,497
62,434
63,818
65,806
67,032
65,967
68,522
68,116
67,262
69,400
72,446
73,671
73,378
72,906
73,590
72,182
9,615
9,648
9,683
9,646
9,691
9,727
9,710
9,623
9,725
9,816
9,723
9,719
9,694
1,379
1,274
1,429
1,378
1,297
1,076
1,055
1,070
1,194
1,195
1,248
1,207
1,233
R 5,416
R 42,169
R 72,869
R 5,556
R 42,583
R 73,577
R 5,510
R 42,633
R 73,637
R 5,371
R 42,394
R 73,576
R 5,400
R 42,466
R 73,605
R 5,379
R 41,971
R 73,751
R 5,299
R 42,161
R 73,962
R 5,444
R 42,085
R 73,934
R 5,601
R 42,334
R 74,214
R 5,605
R 42,689
R 74,135
R 5,570
R 43,024
R 74,737
R 5,628
R 43,001
R 74,744
R 5,481
R 42,459
R 73,896
R 42,943
R 75,235
RE 5,436
R 42,524
R 74,412
RE 5,636
R 42,587
R 73,325
RE 5,556
R 42,379
R 73,238
RE 5,645
R 41,612
R 72,484
RE 5,588
R 41,838
R 73,358
RE 5,457
R 41,916
R 73,682
RE 5,660
R 42,166
R 74,066
RE 5,579
R 41,524
R 73,475
RE 5,866
R 42,406
R 74,063
RE 5,958
R 42,520
R 74,979
RE 5,973
R 42,848
R 75,453
Norway
Former
U.S.S.R.
465
705
1,936
2,745
2,553
2,711
2,944
3,104
3,160
2,998
3,104
3,218
3,263
3,459
3,476
3,423
3,345
3,143
2,839
2,646
32
189
486
773
1,630
2,766
3,091
3,142
3,011
3,019
3,222
3,226
3,131
3,042
2,954
2,698
2,491
2,270
2,182
2,067
2,660
2,655
2,641
2,639
2,639
2,592
2,618
2,604
2,615
2,615
2,556
2,620
2,621
2,060
2,038
1,983
1,967
1,921
1,611
1,864
1,648
1,637
1,952
1,868
1,886
1,869
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
22,026
21,934
21,952
22,170
22,220
22,920
23,120
23,270
23,170
22,920
23,220
R 23,270
R 22,687
2,870
2,906
2,854
2,848
2,564
2,664
2,916
3,068
2,983
3,032
R 3,022
R 3,120
R 2,904
4,195
4,147
4,139
4,127
4,104
4,172
4,073
4,030
3,964
3,926
4,006
3,998
4,073
522
521
517
515
515
510
510
510
505
505
505
505
512
2,632
2,602
2,620
2,621
2,603
2,592
2,580
2,598
2,534
2,598
2,573
2,601
2,596
1,905
1,861
1,808
1,874
1,607
1,660
1,737
1,714
1,636
1,756
1,764
1,713
1,752
9,769
9,773
9,753
9,795
9,818
9,770
9,837
9,832
9,557
9,902
9,595
9,869
9,774
1,316
1,085
1,073
1,164
1,017
R 1,018
946
R 767
R 890
R 998
R 1,039
R 1,010
R 1,026
RE 5,529
RE 5,659
R 42,272
R 73,980
2012 January ......................
22,920
3,189
4,089
505
2,562
1,761
9,894
1,011
E 6,094
43,022
75,581
a See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Glossary.

On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in
all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador
rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and
Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"
for all years.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. =Not applicable. E=Estimate.
Notes: Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas
plant liquids. Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to
the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary
monthly data are not available. Data for countries may not sum to World totals
due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international for
153
Figure 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

Overview, 1973-2011
OECD Total, December

60
90
75
World
60
47.323
47.935
2009
2010
46.421
40
OECD
45
30
20
United States
15
OECD Europe
Japan
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
0
2000
2005
2010
2011
By Selected OECD Country

December 2010
December 2011
1.968
France
1.768
2.349
Germany
2.282
1.615
Italy
1.425
1.518
United Kingdom
1.526
2.274
Canada
2.234
5.029
Japan
5.427
2.479
South Korea
2.434
19.722
United States
18.738
12
16
20
24
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#international.
Development.
Source: Table 11.2.
154
Table 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

France
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
World
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
2,601
2,252
2,256
1,753
1,826
1,920
1,949
1,969
2,043
2,031
2,000
2,054
1,985
2,001
2,009
1,991
1,991
1,979
1,945
1,870
3,324
2,957
3,082
2,651
2,682
2,882
2,922
2,917
2,923
2,836
2,767
2,807
2,710
2,662
2,649
2,621
2,639
2,420
2,545
2,452
2,068
1,855
1,934
1,705
1,868
1,942
1,920
1,934
1,943
1,891
1,854
1,832
1,870
1,860
1,829
1,781
1,777
1,729
1,667
1,543
2,341
1,911
1,725
1,617
1,776
1,816
1,852
1,810
1,792
1,811
1,765
1,747
1,739
1,759
1,785
1,823
1,803
1,734
1,725
1,646
15,879
14,314
14,995
12,770
13,729
14,714
14,998
15,140
15,448
15,357
15,215
15,384
15,329
15,445
15,547
15,666
15,666
15,474
15,389
14,663
1,729
1,779
1,873
1,526
1,737
1,817
1,871
1,940
1,931
2,016
2,014
2,043
2,065
2,191
2,282
2,315
2,229
2,283
2,232
2,157
4,949
4,621
4,960
4,436
5,315
5,693
5,739
5,702
5,507
5,642
5,515
5,412
5,319
5,428
5,319
5,328
5,197
5,037
4,788
4,394
281
311
537
552
1,048
2,008
2,101
2,255
1,917
2,084
2,135
2,132
2,149
2,175
2,155
2,191
2,180
2,241
2,142
2,188
17,308
16,322
17,056
15,726
16,988
17,725
18,309
18,620
18,917
19,519
19,701
19,649
19,761
20,034
20,731
20,802
20,687
20,680
19,498
18,771
1,768
1,885
2,449
2,564
2,784
3,135
3,206
3,355
3,486
3,567
3,624
3,633
3,595
3,628
3,719
3,800
3,826
3,876
3,870
3,744
41,913
39,232
41,870
37,575
41,601
45,092
46,224
47,013
47,206
48,185
48,205
48,253
48,218
48,901
49,753
50,102
49,785
49,591
47,920
45,918
57,237
56,198
63,113
60,083
66,533
70,067
71,665
73,450
74,105
75,819
76,781
77,508
78,161
79,708
82,530
84,064
85,133
85,823
85,318
84,336
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,785
1,988
1,942
1,875
1,723
1,866
1,858
1,770
1,975
1,782
1,818
1,968
1,861
2,186
2,481
2,530
2,286
2,379
2,535
2,596
2,572
2,773
2,647
2,611
2,349
2,495
1,353
1,518
1,547
1,504
1,435
1,561
1,643
1,490
1,608
1,516
1,551
1,615
1,528
1,578
1,679
1,675
1,638
1,607
1,590
1,623
1,635
1,632
1,659
1,639
1,518
1,622
13,489
14,696
14,809
14,231
13,888
14,661
14,920
14,497
15,376
14,896
14,978
14,607
14,584
2,104
2,229
2,137
2,108
2,155
2,241
2,183
2,335
2,351
R 2,220
R 2,257
2,274
R 2,216
4,766
4,988
4,725
4,352
3,865
3,992
4,194
4,412
4,466
4,059
4,620
5,029
4,452
2,344
2,365
2,237
2,232
2,153
2,160
2,094
2,204
2,175
2,209
2,374
2,479
2,251
18,652
18,850
19,099
19,044
18,866
19,537
19,319
19,662
19,438
18,974
18,977
19,722
19,180
3,482
3,804
3,705
R 3,754
R 3,727
R 3,826
3,748
3,595
R 3,688
3,640
3,802
3,824
R 3,715
44,837
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
R 87,070
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Average ....................
1,805
1,951
1,821
1,780
1,766
1,819
1,831
1,836
1,952
1,808
1,763
1,768
1,824
2,246
2,409
2,404
2,283
2,427
2,292
2,425
2,666
2,562
2,501
2,468
2,282
2,414
1,354
1,595
1,646
1,630
1,615
1,549
1,682
1,556
1,611
1,665
1,572
1,589
1,526
1,602
13,634
2,256
2,253
2,242
2,115
2,136
2,204
R 2,281
R 2,344
R 2,245
R 2,205
2,234
2,234
2,229
4,923
5,093
4,575
4,008
3,801
3,957
4,240
4,439
4,292
4,408
4,616
5,427
4,480
2,427
2,346
2,292
2,008
2,016
2,109
2,186
2,209
2,238
2,213
2,249
2,434
2,227
19,121
18,869
19,248
18,613
18,363
19,277
18,555
19,153
18,795
18,563
18,734
18,738
18,835
3,482
3,848
3,882
3,775
3,736
3,872
3,766
3,821
3,856
R 3,657
R 3,895
3,870
3,787
1973 Average
1975 Average
1980 Average
1985 Average
1990 Average
1995 Average
1996 Average
1997 Average
1998 Average
1999 Average
2000 Average
2001 Average
2002 Average
2003 Average
2004 Average
2005 Average
2006 Average
2007 Average
2008 Average
2009 Average
R 1,556
1,446
1,463
1,426
1,511
1,479
1,401
1,543
1,467
1,407
1,425
1,455
R 14,716
14,292
13,939
R 14,015
R 14,404
14,379
14,706
14,986
14,320
R 14,159
13,718
14,268
a Data are for unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West
Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, and the
U.S. Territories.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
R 46,931
46,712
R 45,720
R 44,654
R 46,416
46,459
46,705
R 47,495
R 45,998
R 47,009
47,935
R 46,399
45,842
R 47,125
46,532
44,458
R 44,067
R 45,824
R 45,407
R 46,673
R 46,413
R 45,366
R 45,889
46,421
45,826
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
88,186
rounding. U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.
Sources: United States: Table 3.1. Chile, East Germany, Former
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Non-OECD
Countries, U.S. Territories, and World: 1973-1979U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. Countries Other Than
United States: 1980-2008EIA, International Energy Statistics (IES). OECD
Countries, and U.S. Territories: 2009 forwardEIA, IES. World: 2009
forwardEIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, April 10, 2012, Table 3a. All Other
Data:International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil Statistics and Energy
Balances in OECD Countries, various issues.
155
Figure 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Billion Barrels)
Overview, End of Year, 1973-2011
OECD Stocks, End of Month, December
OECD
4.193
4.221
2009
2010
4.122
United States
OECD Europe
Japan
0
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2011
By Selected OECD Country, End of Month

December 2010
December 2011
0.168
France
0.165
0.287
Germany
0.283
0.133
Italy
0.128
0.089
United Kingdom
0.086
0.196
Canada
0.188
0.588
Japan
0.589
0.165
South Korea
0.167
1.794
United States
1.751
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Source: Table 11.3.
156
1.6
1.8
2.0
Table 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels)
France
1973 Year
1975 Year
1980 Year
1985 Year
1990 Year
1995 Year
1996 Year
1997 Year
1998 Year
1999 Year
2000 Year
2001 Year
2002 Year
2003 Year
2004 Year
2005 Year
2006 Year
2007 Year
2008 Year
2009 Year
Germanya
Italy
United
Kingdom
OECD
Europeb
Canada
Japan
South
Korea
United
States
Other
OECDc
OECDd
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
201
225
243
139
143
155
154
161
169
160
170
165
170
179
177
185
182
180
179
175
181
187
319
277
280
302
303
299
323
290
272
273
253
273
267
283
283
275
279
284
152
143
170
156
143
141
135
129
135
130
140
134
138
135
136
132
133
133
128
126
156
165
168
131
103
101
103
100
104
101
100
113
104
100
101
95
103
90
99
94
1,070
1,154
1,464
1,154
1,188
1,228
1,235
1,246
1,331
1,233
1,294
1,281
1,247
1,290
1,292
1,342
1,374
1,358
1,407
1,398
140
174
164
112
143
132
127
144
139
142
144
154
155
165
154
168
169
175
174
169
303
375
495
500
572
631
651
685
649
629
634
634
615
636
635
612
631
621
630
589
NA
NA
NA
13
64
92
123
124
129
132
140
143
140
155
149
135
152
143
135
155
1,008
1,133
1,392
1,519
1,621
1,563
1,507
1,560
1,647
1,493
1,468
1,586
1,548
1,568
1,645
1,698
1,720
1,665
1,737
1,776
67
67
72
110
117
113
118
115
111
105
117
112
103
96
99
103
103
108
114
105
2,588
2,903
3,587
3,408
3,706
3,758
3,762
3,875
4,006
3,733
3,796
3,910
3,808
3,910
3,974
4,058
4,148
4,072
4,196
4,193
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
182
175
172
172
173
170
168
171
163
161
170
168
295
290
289
284
286
280
282
289
286
285
287
287
127
134
129
135
131
133
127
133
127
129
126
133
95
99
93
95
99
96
96
93
95
94
92
89
1,439
1,424
1,404
1,414
1,422
1,405
1,389
1,406
1,365
1,375
1,367
1,371
172
174
180
181
177
178
186
195
193
195
197
196
593
587
581
590
599
597
598
597
582
599
604
588
162
163
164
166
166
167
170
169
174
170
171
165
1,786
1,785
1,787
1,810
1,830
1,842
1,855
1,862
1,861
1,847
1,827
1,794
111
117
114
111
108
120
116
115
111
112
108
105
4,263
4,249
4,230
4,272
4,302
4,308
4,314
4,343
4,286
4,298
4,274
4,221
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ...............
173
170
167
163
168
167
164
162
160
165
164
165
293
291
289
295
292
291
295
288
283
284
280
283
140
131
132
132
130
130
130
132
130
130
131
128
96
95
93
93
90
85
86
89
84
85
92
86
1,413
1,386
1,374
1,360
1,364
1,355
1,348
1,351
1,332
1,320
R 1,333
1,323
186
182
185
191
189
190
189
188
189
192
R 191
188
596
591
575
601
599
593
599
598
601
599
603
589
168
162
170
173
170
175
173
171
174
174
170
167
1,803
1,773
1,770
1,776
1,805
1,808
1,820
1,801
1,781
1,770
1,772
1,751
105
108
105
108
110
107
108
110
105
104
104
104
4,272
4,203
4,180
4,209
4,236
4,229
4,237
4,218
4,180
R 4,159
R 4,172
4,122
a Through December 1983, the data for Germany are for the former West
Germany only. Beginning with January 1984, the data for Germany are for the
unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.
b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, and, for
1984 forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia.
c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories,
and, for 1984 forward, Mexico.
d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and
"Other OECD."
Notes: Stocks are at end of period. Petroleum stocks include crude oil
(including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined
products. In the United States in January 1975, 1981, and 1983, numerous
respondents were added to bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, thereby affecting
subsequent stocks reported. New-basis end-of-year U.S. stocks, in million barrels,
would have been 1,121 in 1974, 1,425 in 1980, and 1,461 in 1982. Totals may
not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. U.S. geographic
Sources: United States: Table 3.4. U.S. Territories: 1983
forwardU.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Database.
All Other Data: 1973-1982International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil
Statistics and Energy Balances, various issues. 1983IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas
Statistics Database. 1984 forwardIEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, March 14,
2012.
157
International Petroleum
Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources
United States
Table 3.1.
All Other Countries and World, Annual Data
International Energy Annual 1981, Table 8.
1980 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, April
2012.
All Other Countries and World, Monthly Data
19731980: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW), Oil &
Gas Journal (OGJ), and EIA adjustments.
19811993: PIW, OGJ, and other industry sources.
1994 forward: EIA, International Energy Database, April 2012.
158
12. Environment
Figure 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Total,a Monthly
Total,a 1973-2011
8,000
800
6,000
600
4,000
400
2,000
200
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
2011
2012

300
3,000
Petroleum
Petroleum
200
2,000
Coalb
Coalb
1,000
100
Natural Gas
Natural
Gas
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2010
a
Total, January
2011
2012
1,200
Petroleum
188
800
525
535
Natural Gas
146
481
400
Coal b
145
0
2010
a
b
160
2011
2012
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Includes coal coke net imports.
50
100
150
200
250
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.

Source: Table 12.1.
Table 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)
Petroleum
Coalb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural Aviation Distillate

Gasc Gasoline Fuel Oild
Jet
Fuel
Kerosene
LPGe
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinef
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherg
Total
Totalh,i
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
1,207
1,181
1,436
1,638
1,821
1,913
1,995
2,040
2,064
2,062
2,155
2,088
2,095
2,136
2,160
2,182
2,147
2,172
2,139
1,876
1,181
1,047
1,063
926
1,025
1,184
1,205
1,211
1,189
1,192
1,241
1,187
1,227
1,191
1,195
1,175
1,158
1,233
1,243
1,222
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
480
443
446
445
470
498
524
534
538
555
580
598
587
610
632
640
648
652
615
564
155
146
156
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
32
24
24
17
6
8
9
10
12
11
10
11
6
8
10
10
8
5
2
3
91
82
87
86
69
78
84
85
75
91
102
92
98
95
98
94
93
94
89
91
13
11
13
12
13
13
12
13
14
14
14
13
12
11
12
12
11
12
11
10
911
911
900
930
988
1,044
1,063
1,075
1,107
1,127
1,135
1,151
1,183
1,188
1,214
1,214
1,224
1,227
1,166
1,157
51
48
46
55
67
75
78
79
89
93
84
88
94
94
105
105
104
98
92
87
508
443
453
216
220
152
152
142
158
148
163
145
125
138
155
164
122
129
111
91
100
97
142
93
127
114
132
138
125
130
117
132
127
140
142
141
150
148
130
111
2,346
2,209
2,272
2,035
2,187
2,207
2,290
2,313
2,358
2,417
2,461
2,473
2,472
2,518
2,609
2,628
2,603
2,603
2,444
2,320
4,733
4,437
4,770
4,600
5,039
5,314
5,501
5,575
5,622
5,682
5,867
5,759
5,806
5,857
5,975
5,997
5,919
6,020
5,838
5,429
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
182
164
157
139
155
177
191
191
162
146
149
179
1,991
149
131
113
88
84
86
96
99
86
87
103
143
1,265
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
49
46
51
48
48
48
47
50
50
50
49
55
590
17
15
18
17
18
19
19
19
18
18
17
17
210
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
3
10
9
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
11
94
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
92
84
95
96
99
97
101
100
96
97
92
96
1,146
5
5
7
6
6
7
7
8
7
6
7
6
77
9
7
8
9
8
7
9
7
8
7
8
8
96
9
9
11
11
10
10
10
11
10
9
9
10
120
193
176
200
194
197
196
200
203
196
196
191
205
2,349
525
472
470
423
438
460
488
493
444
430
445
528
5,616
182
151
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
52
46
53
47
48
50
45
52
50
52
52
50
596
17
15
17
17
18
19
18
19
17
17
17
17
209
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
10
8
8
6
7
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
92
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
91
84
95
92
95
94
97
96
92
93
89
93
1,111
6
4
6
6
7
7
6
8
6
7
6
5
75
9
9
8
9
7
7
5
5
7
6
6
8
86
10
9
12
10
9
10
11
10
9
8
10
10
116
198
177
200
188
192
193
191
198
189
192
188
193
2,299
535
459
469
R 424
R 431
R 452
480
484
433
R 428
433
R 479
R 5,509
(s)
50
16
(s)
89
10
188
481
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
188
185
156
R 143
138
R 151
R 1,902
154
130
119
97
R 88
88
100
100
87
93
107
134
1,296
2012 January ................
145
146
R 150
138
R 150
R 170
a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.
b Includes coal coke net imports.
c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
e Liquefied petroleum gases.
f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass
waste. See Table 12.6.
i Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

Notes: Data are estimates for carbon dioxide emissions from energy
consumption, including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels.
See "Section 12
Methodology and Sources" at end of section. See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary.
See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," at
end of section. Data exclude emissions from biomass energy consumption. See
Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of
Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment for
161
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
Totala by End-Use Sector,b 1973-2011
2,500
Residential Sector by Major Source, 1973-2011

1,000
2,000
750
Industrial
1,500
1,000
Retail Electricityb
Transportation
500
Residential
Natural Gas
500
Commercial
250
Petroleum
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Commercial Sector by Major Source, 1973-2011

1,000
750
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Industrial Sector by Major Source, 1973-2011

1,000
Retail Electricityb
750
Retail Electricityb
Natural Gas
500
500
Petroleum
250
Natural Gas
250
Coal
Petroleum
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Transportation Sector by Major Source, 1973-2011
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 1973-2011
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
Petroleum
Coal
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
Petroleum
500
500
Base Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
a
Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption.

Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are
allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of
b
162
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

total electricity retail Sales.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#environment.
Sources: Tables 12.212.6.
Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
LPGd
Total
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
9
6
3
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
264
266
256
241
238
263
284
270
247
257
271
259
265
276
264
262
237
257
266
259
147
132
96
80
72
66
68
64
56
61
66
66
63
66
68
62
52
53
49
44
16
12
8
11
5
5
6
7
8
8
7
7
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
2
36
32
20
20
22
25
30
29
27
33
35
33
34
34
32
32
28
31
35
35
199
176
124
111
98
96
104
99
91
102
108
106
101
106
106
101
85
87
85
81
2010 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
51
43
31
17
11
7
6
6
6
11
24
46
259
6
6
4
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
6
43
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
33
10
9
7
5
5
6
5
5
5
6
7
10
78
2011 January ......................

February ....................
March .........................
April ...........................
May ............................
June ...........................
July ............................
August .......................
September .................
October ......................
November ..................
December ..................
Total ..........................
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
53
42
33
19
11
7
6
6
7
12
23
37
256
5
5
4
2
2
3
2
3
3
4
4
6
43
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
33
9
8
7
5
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
9
78
2012 January ......................
(s)
43
(s)

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels.
c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel.
d Liquefied petroleum gases.
e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use
sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See
Tables 7.6 and 12.6.
f Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
Retail
Electricitye
Totalf
435
419
529
553
624
678
710
719
759
762
805
805
835
847
856
897
869
897
878
819
907
867
911
909
963
1,039
1,099
1,090
1,097
1,122
1,185
1,172
1,203
1,230
1,228
1,261
1,192
1,241
1,229
1,159
91
151
126
103
73
75
92
108
107
83
73
87
137
1,212
R 73
65
51
59
79
97
96
72
56
56
81
874
88
68
76
97
93
69
54
53
67
836
149
118
99
78
74
89
108
105
82
73
84
113
R 1,170
69
122
R 59
54
R 58
consumption. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at end of section.
See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. See Note 1, "Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
and Other Greenhouse Gases," at end of section. Data exclude emissions from
biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7 and Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon
Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of section. Totals
163
Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Kerosene
Motor
Gasolinee
LPGd
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
15
14
11
13
12
11
12
12
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
9
6
7
7
6
141
136
141
132
142
164
171
174
164
165
173
164
170
173
170
163
154
164
171
169
47
43
38
46
39
35
35
32
31
32
36
37
32
35
34
33
29
28
27
30
5
4
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
(s)
(s)
9
8
6
6
6
7
8
8
7
9
9
9
9
10
10
8
8
8
10
9
6
6
8
7
8
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
5
27
24
18
12
9
7
6
7
7
10
16
25
168
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
4
30
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
29
24
20
13
9
7
7
7
8
12
15
22
171
4
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
30
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2012 January ....................
(s)
24
(s)

e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.
f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.
164
Petroleum
Coke
NA
NA
NA
NA
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Retail
Electricityf
Totalg
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
52
39
44
18
18
11
11
9
7
6
7
6
6
9
10
9
6
6
6
6
120
100
98
79
73
56
57
54
51
51
58
57
52
59
58
55
48
47
46
49
334
333
412
480
566
620
643
686
724
735
783
797
795
796
816
842
836
861
850
785
609
583
662
704
793
851
883
926
947
960
1,022
1,027
1,026
1,036
1,054
1,069
1,043
1,078
1,074
1,008
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
6
6
4
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
6
49
66
60
59
57
66
74
80
80
69
62
61
68
804
100
91
82
72
78
85
90
91
79
77
81
100
1,027
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
(s)
(s)
(s)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
6
6
5
4
3
2
3
3
4
4
4
5
6
49
65
56
59
57
64
71
79
78
66
62
57
60
R 774
100
85
83
73
76
82
90
89
78
78
77
88
R 999
(s)
(s)
57
88
Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Coal
Coke
Net
Natural Distillate
Imports Gasb Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Kerosene
LPGd
Lubricants
Motor
Petroleum Residual
Gasolinee
Coke
Fuel Oil
Otherf
Total
Retail
Electricityg
Totalh
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
371
336
289
256
258
233
227
224
219
208
211
204
188
190
191
183
179
175
168
131
-1
2
-4
-2
1
7
3
5
8
7
7
3
7
6
16
5
7
3
5
-3
538
442
431
360
432
490
506
506
495
474
481
439
448
430
432
398
395
405
407
383
106
97
96
81
84
82
86
88
88
86
87
95
88
83
88
92
92
92
93
80
11
9
13
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
(s)
(s)
43
39
61
58
39
45
46
48
39
48
56
49
54
50
55
51
56
54
42
46
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
18
16
11
15
13
14
14
15
14
11
11
21
22
23
26
25
26
21
17
17
49
48
45
54
64
67
70
68
77
81
74
77
76
76
82
80
82
80
76
73
144
117
105
57
31
24
24
21
16
14
17
14
13
15
17
20
16
13
14
7
100
97
142
93
127
114
132
138
125
130
117
132
127
140
142
141
150
148
130
111
478
427
480
369
366
355
381
386
368
378
370
395
388
394
419
417
430
415
377
339
515
490
601
583
638
659
678
694
706
704
719
667
654
672
675
673
650
662
642
551
1,902
1,696
1,797
1,566
1,695
1,743
1,795
1,815
1,796
1,772
1,788
1,709
1,685
1,692
1,732
1,675
1,662
1,661
1,599
1,401
2010 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
13
13
14
159
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
-1
-1
-1
37
34
35
32
32
31
32
32
32
33
34
37
401
6
6
9
8
6
5
4
7
9
7
8
9
86
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
6
50
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
19
3
4
6
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
5
62
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
9
9
11
11
10
10
10
11
10
9
9
10
120
28
27
33
30
28
27
26
31
31
28
30
33
352
46
44
46
45
51
52
54
55
48
47
48
50
587
123
119
127
121
124
123
124
131
125
121
125
134
1,498
2011 January ................

February ..............
March ...................
April .....................
May ......................
June .....................
July ......................
August .................
October ................
November ............
December ............
Total ....................
R 14
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
39
35
36
34
34
33
33
34
33
34
35
38
419
10
7
10
7
7
7
3
7
7
8
9
6
88
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
48
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
18
5
3
5
5
6
5
5
7
5
6
5
4
62
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
8
10
9
12
10
9
10
11
10
9
8
10
10
116
33
26
33
28
28
28
25
29
27
28
30
28
345
48
42
46
45
48
50
54
53
47
47
46
45
573
R 134
13
14
R 12
13
13
12
13
13
R 13
13
R 13
156
116
129
120
124
124
125
130
120
R 123
124
R 125
1,494
2012 January ................
13
(s)
39
(s)
(s)
10
31
43
126

f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending
components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
h Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million
metric tons.
See "Section 12
165
Table 12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector
Petroleum
Coal
Natural
Gasb
(s)
(s)
(h)
h
( )
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
39
32
34
28
36
38
39
41
35
36
36
35
37
33
32
33
33
35
37
38
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
163
155
204
232
268
307
327
342
352
366
378
387
394
414
434
444
469
472
440
404
2010 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
38
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
2011 January ....................

February ..................
March .......................
April .........................
May ..........................
June .........................
July ..........................
August .....................
September ...............
October ....................
November ................
December ................
Total ........................
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
(h)
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
39
2012 January ....................
(h)
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
Aviation
Gasoline
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Jet
Fuel
Totalg
1,273
1,258
1,363
1,391
1,548
1,639
1,683
1,699
1,743
1,789
1,833
1,813
1,851
1,861
1,926
1,953
1,984
1,999
1,895
1,818
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1,315
1,292
1,400
1,421
1,588
1,681
1,725
1,744
1,782
1,828
1,872
1,852
1,892
1,899
1,962
1,991
2,022
2,040
1,937
1,860
6
5
6
7
6
5
6
5
6
6
6
5
69
145
133
154
154
159
156
162
161
155
157
149
153
1,836
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
150
137
157
157
161
159
165
165
157
160
152
158
1,879
89
83
93
90
93
92
95
94
90
91
87
92
1,089
7
7
6
7
6
5
3
3
5
5
4
6
65
147
135
153
151
155
155
155
157
150
151
145
149
1,802
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
4
152
140
157
154
158
158
158
160
153
154
148
153
1,845
87
140
(s)
145
Lubricants
152
145
155
178
223
222
232
234
238
245
254
243
237
231
240
246
240
238
226
204
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
5
886
889
881
908
967
1,029
1,047
1,057
1,090
1,115
1,121
1,127
1,158
1,161
1,185
1,186
1,194
1,201
1,146
1,137
57
56
110
62
80
72
67
56
53
52
70
46
53
45
58
66
71
78
72
64
31
30
35
35
37
36
38
39
37
37
35
35
425
17
15
18
17
18
19
19
19
18
18
17
17
210
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
91
82
94
94
97
95
99
98
94
95
90
94
1,124
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
33
30
36
35
38
38
37
39
36
37
35
34
430
17
15
17
17
18
19
18
19
17
17
17
17
209
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
(s)
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
(s)
32
16
(s)
(s)

f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of
g Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.
h Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are
reported as industrial sector consumption.
166
Retail
Electricityf
LPGd
Motor
Gasolinee
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
(s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.

See "Section 12
Table 12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector
Petroleum
Coal
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Natural
Gasb
Distillate
Fuel Oilc
Petroleum
Coke
Residual
Fuel Oil
Total
Geothermal
NonBiomass
Wasted
Totale
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
812
824
1,137
1,367
1,548
1,661
1,752
1,797
1,828
1,836
1,927
1,870
1,890
1,931
1,943
1,984
1,954
1,987
1,959
1,741
199
172
200
166
176
228
205
219
248
260
281
290
306
278
297
319
338
372
362
373
20
17
12
6
7
8
8
8
10
10
13
12
9
12
8
8
5
7
5
5
2
(s)
1
1
3
8
8
10
13
11
10
11
18
18
23
25
22
17
16
14
254
231
194
79
92
45
50
56
82
76
69
79
52
69
69
69
28
31
19
14
276
248
207
86
102
61
66
75
105
97
91
102
79
98
100
102
56
55
40
34
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
11
11
11
12
11
12
11
1,286
1,244
1,544
1,619
1,831
1,960
2,033
2,101
2,192
2,204
2,310
2,273
2,288
2,319
2,352
2,417
2,359
2,426
2,374
2,159
2010 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
169
150
143
125
142
163
177
177
148
132
136
165
1,827
30
26
25
25
30
38
48
51
38
31
27
31
399
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
15
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
12
4
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
2
2
2
3
33
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
204
179
171
154
176
206
230
232
189
166
165
200
2,270
2011 January ........................

February ......................
March ...........................
April .............................
May ..............................
June .............................
July ..............................
August .........................
September ...................
October ........................
November ....................
December ....................
Total ............................
168
137
135
125
137
157
176
172
143
129
125
137
1,739
29
26
26
28
31
38
51
50
37
31
29
33
411
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
7
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
25
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
201
166
164
156
171
198
230
225
183
163
R 156
173
R 2,187
2012 January ........................
132
35
(s)
(s)
170

d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.
e Excludes emissions from biomass energy consumption. See Table 12.7.

167
Table 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Consumption

By Source
Woodb
1973 Total
1975 Total
1980 Total
1985 Total
1990 Total
1995 Total
1996 Total
1997 Total
1998 Total
1999 Total
2000 Total
2001 Total
2002 Total
2003 Total
2004 Total
2005 Total
2006 Total
2007 Total
2008 Total
2009 Total
Biomass
Wastec
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
143
140
232
252
208
222
229
222
205
208
212
188
187
188
199
200
R 197
R 194
R 191
R 177
(s)
(s)
(s)
14
24
30
32
30
30
29
27
33
36
36
35
37
36
37
40
41
2010 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
16
14
16
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
15
16
186
16
Total
Commerciale
Industrialf
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
31
39
55
62
33
40
80
95
54
49
51
40
36
37
39
35
36
38
38
40
R 36
R 38
42
40
1
1
2
2
8
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
109
100
150
168
147
166
170
172
160
161
161
147
144
141
151
150
151
146
140
R 128
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
43
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
73
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
2
25
23
25
25
25
25
26
26
25
26
25
27
304
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
39
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
73
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
26
24
26
R 25
25
26
26
27
26
26
26
27
R 310
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
R 40
(s)
26
15
15
16
16
16
15
15
15
16
R 186
2012 January ..................
16

b Wood and wood-derived fuels.
c Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
d Fuel ethanol minus denaturant.
e Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)
and commercial electricity-only plants.
f Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and
industrial electricity-only plants.
g The
electric
power
sector
comprises
electricity-only
and
168
Residential
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
R 266
R 274
289
R 284
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
R 43
NA
NA
NA
Biodiesel
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
2
3
3
3
2011 January ..................

February ................
March .....................
April .......................
May ........................
June .......................
July ........................
August ...................
September .............
October ..................
November ..............
December ..............
Total ......................
R 15
R 16
Fuel
Ethanold
By Sector
Transportation
NA
NA
NA
Electric
Powerg
Total
3
4
8
6
7
8
8
9
10
12
16
20
23
33
41
57
64
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
23
28
30
30
30
30
29
31
35
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
143
141
232
270
237
260
266
259
242
245
248
231
235
240
255
261
R 266
R 274
289
R 284
12
11
12
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
139
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
73
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
42
25
23
25
25
25
25
26
26
25
26
25
27
304
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
12
11
12
11
11
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
R 140
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
79
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
41
26
24
26
R 25
25
26
26
27
26
26
26
27
R 310
12
26

Notes: Carbon dioxide emissions from biomass energy consumption are
excluded from the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reported in Tables
12.112.6. See Note 2, "Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass
Energy Combustion," at end of section. Data are estimates. See "Section 12
Environment
Note 1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are those gasessuch as
water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoridethat are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation,
thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving
Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for about
98 percent of U.S. CO2 emissions. The vast majority of CO2
emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller
amounts from the nonfuel use of fossil fuels, as well as from
electricity generation using geothermal energy and nonbiomass waste. Other sources of CO2 emissions include
industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production. Data in the U.S. Energy Information Administrations
(EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER) Tables 12.112.6 are
estimates for U.S. CO2 emissions from energy consumption,
including the nonfuel use of fossil fuels (excluded are estimates for CO2 emissions from biomass energy consumption,
which appear in Table 12.7).
For annual U.S. estimates for emissions of CO2 from all
sources, as well as for emissions of other greenhouse gases,
see EIAs Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report at
http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/.
Note 2. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Biomass Energy Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce
energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions
reported in MER Tables 12.112.6, but appear in Table
12.7. According to current international convention (see the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories),
carbon released through biomass combustion is excluded
from reported energy-related emissions. The release of
carbon from biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced
by the uptake of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting
in zero net emissions over some period of time. (This is not to
say that biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are
required in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock
and to produce and process the biomass into fuels.)
However, analysts have debated whether increased use of
biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon
stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than
the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported
energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of
forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release of
carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the
land for agriculture.
To reflect the potential net emissions, the international
convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report
biomass emissions in the category agriculture, forestry, and

other land use, usually based on estimates of net changes in
carbon stocks over time.
This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can
potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and nonenergy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of
CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other
energy-related CO2 emissions offers an alternative accounting treatment. It is important, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy
sources as necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total
of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy-related
CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon
emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such
sequestration.
Section 12 Methodology and Sources

To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 12.112.7,
the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses the
following methodology and sources:
Step 1. Determine Fuel Consumption
CoalCoal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants,
other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption
data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2. Coal
sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table
A5.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCoal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data
in MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from
MER Tables 2.22.6.
PetroleumTotal and sectoral consumption (product
supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and
road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), lubricants, motor
gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from
MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a3.7c. For the component products of LPG (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal
butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) and other
petroleum (aviation gasoline blending components, crude
oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, special naphthas, still gas,
unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand
barrels per day are from EIAs Petroleum Supply Annual
(PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier
169
publications (see sources for MER Table 3.5). Petroleum

consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by
multiplying by the petroleum heat content factors in MER
Table A1 (Table A3 for motor gasoline).
BiomassSectoral consumption data in trillion Btu for
wood, biomass waste, fuel ethanol (minus denaturant), and
biodiesel are from MER Tables 10.2a10.2c.
Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum
Distillate Fuel OilBeginning in 2009, the distillate fuel
oil data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1
include biodiesel, a non-fossil renewable fuel. To remove
the biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data in thousand barrels per day for refinery and blender net inputs of
renewable diesel fuel (from the PSA/PSM) are converted
to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content
factor in MER Table A3, and then subtracted from the
distillate fuel oil consumption values.
Motor GasolineBeginning in 1993, the motor gasoline
data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and
transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a nonfossil renewable fuel. To remove the fuel ethanol portion
from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol
consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3)
are subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption
values. (Note that about 2 percent of fuel ethanol is fossilbased petroleum denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol
undrinkable. For 19932008, petroleum denaturant is
double counted in the PSA product supplied statistics, in
both the original product categorye.g., pentanes
plusand also in the finished motor gasoline category; for
this time period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant
is removed along with the fuel ethanol from motor gasoline, but left in the original product. Beginning in 2009,
petroleum denaturant is counted only in the PSA/PSM
product supplied statistics for motor gasoline; for this time
period for MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant is left in
motor gasoline.)
Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use
The following fuels have industrial nonfuel uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, asphalt
and road oil, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases
(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene), lubricants (which have
industrial and transportation nonfuel uses), naphthas for
petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical
feedstock use, pentanes plus, petroleum coke, residual fuel
oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and miscellaneous
petroleum products. In the nonfuel use of these fuels, some
of the carbon is sequestered, and is thus subtracted from the
fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.
Estimates of annual nonfuel use and associated carbon
sequestration are developed by EIA using the methodology
170
detailed in Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse

Gases
in
the
United
States
2008
at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2008).pdf.
To obtain monthly estimates of nonfuel use and associated

carbon sequestration, monthly patterns for industrial
consumption and product supplied data series are used. For
coal nonfuel use, the monthly pattern for coke plants coal
consumption from MER Table 6.2 is used. For natural gas,
the monthly pattern for other industrial non-CHP natural gas
consumption from MER Table 4.3 is used. For distillate
fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil, the monthly
patterns for industrial consumption from MER Table 3.7b
are used. For the other petroleum products, the monthly
patterns for product supplied from the PSA and PSM are
used.
Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From
Energy Consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions data in million metric tons
are calculated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon sequestered in
nonfuel use in Step 3) by the CO2 emissions factors at
http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/CO2_coeffs_09_v2.xls.
Beginning in 2010, the 2009 factors are used.
CoalCO2 emissions for coal are calculated for each sector
(residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power). Total coal emissions are the sum
of the sectoral coal emissions.
Coal Coke Net ImportsCO2 emissions for coal coke net
imports are calculated.
Natural GasCO2 emissions for natural gas are calculated
for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power). Total natural gas emissions are the
sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions.
PetroleumCO2 emissions are calculated for each petroleum
product. Total petroleum emissions are the sum of the product
emissions. Total LPG emissions are the sum of the emissions
for the component products (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene); residential, commercial, and transportation sector LPG emissions
are estimated by multiplying consumption values in trillion
Btu from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c by the propane emissions factor; industrial sector LPG emissions are estimated as
total LPG emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.
Geothermal and Non-Biomass WasteAnnual CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non-biomass waste are EIA
estimates based on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report (and predecessor forms). Monthly estimates
are created by dividing the annual data by the number of
days in the year and then multiplying by the number of
days in the month. (Annual estimates for the current year
are set equal to those of the previous year.)
BiomassCO2 emissions for wood, biomass waste, fuel

ethanol (minus denaturant), and biodiesel are calculated for
each sector. Total emissions for each biomass fuel are the
sum of the sectoral emissions. The following factors, in
million metric tons CO2 per quadrillion Btu, are used: wood
93.80; biomass waste90.70; fuel ethanol68.44; and
biodiesel73.84. For 19731988, the biomass portion
of waste in MER Tables 10.2a10.2c is estimated as 67

percent; for 19892000, the biomass portion of waste is estimated as 67 percent in 1989 to 58 percent in 2000, based on
the biogenic shares of total municipal solid waste shown in
EIAs Methodolology for Allocating Municipal Solid
Waste to Biogenic and Non-Biogenic Energy, Table 1 at
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/mswaste/msw.pdf.
171
Appendix A
British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors
The thermal conversion factors presented in the following
tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British
thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured
in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For
example, 10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of
approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million
Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).
The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors)
provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or
upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates
are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy
Review and are commonly used in energy calculations in
the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are
typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is
consumed to vaporize water that is created during the
combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from
2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and
its hydrogen content. Some fuels, such as unseasoned
wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross
and net heat content rates.

See Heat Content and
British Thermal Unit (Btu) in the Glossary for more
information.
Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table
A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors
for each hydrocarbon included in the mix. For example, in
calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is
weighted 1.5 times the thermal conversion factor for
propane.
In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented
in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual
data or from the best available data and labeled preliminary. Often, the previous years factor is used as a
preliminary value until data become available to calculate
the factor appropriate to the year. The source of each factor
is described in the section entitled Thermal Conversion
Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6 in
this appendix.
Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)
Petroleum Product
Asphalt
Aviation Gasoline
Butane
Butane-Propane Mixturea
Ethane
Ethane-Propane Mixturec
Isobutane
Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type
Kerosene
Lubricants
Motor Gasolined
Conventional
Reformulated
Oxygenated
Natural Gasoline and Isopentane
Heat Content
6.636
5.048
4.326
4.130
5.825
3.082
3.308
3.974
5.670
5.355
5.670
6.065
5.253
5.150
5.150
4.620
Petroleum Product
Pentanes Plus
Petrochemical Feedstocks
Naptha Less Than 401F
Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401F
Still Gas
Petroleum Coke
Plant Condensate
Propane
Residual Fuel Oil
Road Oil
Special Naphthas
Still Gas
Unfinished Oils
Unfractionated Stream
Waxes
Miscellaneous
Heat Content
4.620
5.248
5.825
6.000
6.024
5.418
3.836
6.287
6.636
5.248
6.000
5.825
5.418
5.537
5.796
60 percent butane and 40 percent propane.

Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.
c
70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane.
d
See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heat contents.
Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.
Sources: See Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, which follows Table A6.
a
b
173
Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports
Production
1973 ................................
1974 ................................
1975 ................................
1976 ................................
1977 ................................
1978 ................................
1979 ................................
1980 ................................
1981 ................................
1982 ................................
1983 ................................
1984 ................................
1985 ................................
1986 ................................
1987 ................................
1988 ................................
1989 ................................
1990 ................................
1991 ................................
1992 ................................
1993 ................................
1994 ................................
1995 ................................
1996 ................................
1997 ................................
1998 ................................
1999 ................................
2000 ................................
2001 ................................
2002 ................................
2003 ................................
2004 ................................
2005 ................................
2006 ................................
2007 ................................
2008 ................................
2009 ................................
2010 ................................
2011P .............................
2012E .............................
Imports
Exports
Crude
Oila
Natural Gas
Plant Liquids
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Products
Total
Crude
Oila
Petroleum
Products
Total
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
4.049
4.011
3.984
3.964
3.941
3.925
3.955
3.914
3.930
3.872
3.839
3.812
3.815
3.797
3.804
3.800
3.826
3.822
3.807
3.804
3.801
3.794
3.796
3.777
3.762
3.769
3.744
3.733
3.735
3.729
3.739
3.724
3.724
3.712
3.701
3.706
3.692
3.674
3.675
3.675
5.817
5.827
5.821
5.808
5.810
5.802
5.810
5.812
5.818
5.826
5.825
5.823
5.832
5.903
5.901
5.900
5.906
5.934
5.948
5.953
5.954
5.950
5.938
5.947
5.954
5.953
5.942
5.959
5.976
5.971
5.970
5.981
5.977
5.980
5.985
5.990
5.988
5.989
6.007
6.007
5.983
5.959
5.935
5.980
5.908
5.955
5.811
5.748
5.659
5.664
5.677
5.613
5.572
5.624
5.599
5.618
5.641
5.614
5.636
5.623
5.620
5.534
5.483
5.468
5.469
5.462
5.421
5.432
5.443
5.451
5.438
5.475
5.474
5.454
5.503
5.479
5.525
5.557
5.555
5.555
5.897
5.884
5.858
5.856
5.834
5.839
5.810
5.796
5.775
5.775
5.774
5.745
5.736
5.808
5.820
5.820
5.833
5.849
5.873
5.877
5.883
5.861
5.855
5.847
5.862
5.861
5.840
5.849
5.862
5.863
5.857
5.863
5.845
5.842
5.862
5.866
5.882
5.894
5.910
5.910
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.800
5.752
5.773
5.747
5.743
5.796
5.814
5.864
5.841
5.837
5.829
5.800
5.867
5.819
5.839
5.860
5.842
5.869
5.838
5.827
5.774
5.777
5.777
5.740
5.728
5.726
5.710
5.684
5.651
5.751
5.687
5.739
5.753
5.741
5.723
5.749
5.762
5.737
5.670
5.619
5.619
5.752
5.774
5.748
5.745
5.797
5.808
5.832
5.820
5.821
5.820
5.800
5.850
5.814
5.832
5.858
5.840
5.857
5.833
5.823
5.777
5.779
5.779
5.746
5.736
5.734
5.720
5.699
5.658
5.752
5.688
5.740
5.754
5.743
5.724
5.750
5.762
5.738
5.672
5.622
5.622

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
174
Table A3.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production

Total Petroleuma Consumption by Sector
Residential
1973 ....................
1974 ....................
1975 ....................
1976 ....................
1977 ....................
1978 ....................
1979 ....................
1980 ....................
1981 ....................
1982 ....................
1983 ....................
1984 ....................
1985 ....................
1986 ....................
1987 ....................
1988 ....................
1989 ....................
1990 ....................
1991 ....................
1992 ....................
1993 ....................
1994 ....................
1995 ....................
1996 ....................
1997 ....................
1998 ....................
1999 ....................
2000 ....................
2001 ....................
2002 ....................
2003 ....................
2004 ....................
2005 ....................
2006 ....................
2007 ....................
2008 ....................
2009 ....................
2010 ....................
2011 ....................
2012 ....................
5.258
5.253
5.253
5.277
5.285
5.287
5.365
5.321
5.283
5.266
5.140
5.307
5.263
5.268
5.239
5.257
5.194
5.145
5.094
5.124
5.102
5.098
5.063
4.998
4.989
4.975
4.902
4.908
4.937
4.886
4.907
4.953
4.916
4.894
4.850
4.732
4.691
4.692
E 4.692
E 4.692
Commercialb
5.689
5.683
5.649
5.672
5.682
5.665
5.717
5.751
5.693
5.698
5.591
5.657
5.598
5.632
5.594
5.597
5.549
5.553
5.528
5.513
b5.505
5.515
5.478
5.433
5.391
5.365
5.291
5.316
5.325
5.293
5.307
5.328
5.364
5.310
5.298
5.175
5.266
5.263
E 5.261
E 5.261
Industrialb
5.557
5.525
5.513
5.523
5.539
5.536
5.409
5.366
5.299
5.247
5.254
5.207
5.199
5.269
5.233
5.228
5.219
5.253
5.167
5.168
b5.178
5.150
5.121
5.114
5.120
5.137
5.092
5.057
5.142
5.093
5.142
5.144
5.178
5.160
5.127
5.149
5.018
4.988
E 4.964
E 4.964
TransElectric
portationb,c Powerd,e
5.396
5.394
5.392
5.396
5.401
5.405
5.429
5.441
5.433
5.423
5.416
5.418
5.423
5.426
5.429
5.433
5.438
5.442
5.441
5.443
b5.436
5.424
5.417
5.420
5.416
5.413
5.413
5.422
5.412
5.411
5.409
5.421
5.427
5.431
5.434
5.426
c5.414
5.421
E 5.425
E 5.425
6.245
6.238
6.250
6.251
6.249
6.251
6.258
6.254
6.258
6.258
6.255
6.251
6.247
6.257
6.249
6.250
d6.240
6.244
6.246
6.238
6.230
6.213
6.188
6.195
6.199
6.210
6.205
6.189
6.199
6.173
6.182
6.192
6.188
6.143
6.151
6.123
6.105
6.084
P 6.062
E 6.062
Totalb,c
5.515
5.504
5.494
5.504
5.518
5.519
5.494
5.479
5.448
5.415
5.406
5.395
5.387
5.418
5.403
5.410
5.410
5.411
5.384
5.378
b5.379
5.361
5.341
5.336
5.336
5.349
5.328
5.326
5.345
5.324
5.340
5.350
5.365
5.353
5.346
5.339
c5.301
5.297
P 5.291
E 5.291
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Consumptionf
3.746
3.730
3.715
3.711
3.677
3.669
3.680
3.674
3.643
3.615
3.614
3.599
3.603
3.640
3.659
3.652
3.683
3.625
3.614
3.624
3.606
3.635
3.623
3.613
3.616
3.614
3.616
3.607
3.614
3.613
3.629
3.618
3.620
3.605
3.591
3.600
3.558
3.557
P 3.529
E 3.529
Motor
Gasoline
Consumptiong
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.253
5.230
5.215
5.216
5.213
5.212
5.211
5.210
5.210
5.208
5.207
5.215
5.218
5.218
5.219
5.218
5.218
5.218
P 5.218
E 5.218
Fuel
Ethanolh
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.563
3.561
P 3.560
E 3.560
Fuel
Ethanol
Feedstock
Factori
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Feedstock
Factorj
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.586
6.562
6.539
6.515
6.492
6.469
6.446
6.423
6.400
6.377
6.355
6.332
6.309
6.287
6.264
6.242
6.220
6.198
6.176
6.167
6.159
6.151
6.143
6.116
6.089
6.063
6.036
6.009
5.983
5.957
5.931
5.905
5.880
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
5.359
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
5.433
a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in
each category are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.
c Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.
e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids.
f Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted
factorquantity-weighted averages of the major components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.
h Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539
million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as
denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980-2008.
i Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the
production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in
2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross
heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel.
j Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of
biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to produce one
barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat
content of 17,253 Btu per pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
175
Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

(Btu per Cubic Foot)
Consumptiona
Production
Marketed
1973 ............................
1974 ............................
1975 ............................
1976 ............................
1977 ............................
1978 ............................
1979 ............................
1980 ............................
1981 ............................
1982 ............................
1983 ............................
1984 ............................
1985 ............................
1986 ............................
1987 ............................
1988 ............................
1989 ............................
1990 ............................
1991 ............................
1992 ............................
1993 ............................
1994 ............................
1995 ............................
1996 ............................
1997 ............................
1998 ............................
1999 ............................
2000 ............................
2001 ............................
2002 ............................
2003 ............................
2004 ............................
2005 ............................
2006 ............................
2007 ............................
2008 ............................
2009 ............................
2010 ............................
2011 ............................
2012 ............................
1,093
1,097
1,095
1,093
1,093
1,088
1,092
1,098
1,103
1,107
1,115
1,109
1,112
1,110
1,112
1,109
1,107
1,105
1,108
1,110
1,106
1,105
1,106
1,109
1,107
1,109
1,107
1,107
1,105
1,103
1,103
1,104
1,104
1,103
1,102
1,100
1,101
1,097
E 1,097
E 1,097
Dry
1,021
1,024
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
RE 1,022
E 1,022
End-Use
Sectorsb
1,020
1,024
1,020
1,019
1,019
1,016
1,018
1,024
1,025
1,026
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,030
1,031
1,031
1,028
1,029
1,027
1,027
1,027
1,033
1,028
1,026
1,029
1,025
1,029
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
E 1,023
E 1,023
Electric Power
Sectorc
1,024
1,022
1,026
1,023
1,029
1,034
1,035
1,035
1,035
1,036
1,030
1,035
1,038
1,034
1,032
1,028
c1,028
1,027
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,021
1,020
1,020
1,024
1,022
1,021
1,026
1,020
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,022
RP 1,021
E 1,021
Total
1,021
1,024
1,021
1,020
1,021
1,019
1,021
1,026
1,027
1,028
1,031
1,031
1,032
1,030
1,031
1,029
1,031
1,029
1,030
1,030
1,027
1,028
1,026
1,026
1,026
1,031
1,027
1,025
1,028
1,024
1,028
1,026
1,028
1,028
1,027
1,027
1,025
1,023
RE 1,022
E 1,022
Imports
Exports
1,026
1,027
1,026
1,025
1,026
1,030
1,037
1,022
1,014
1,018
1,024
1,005
1,002
997
999
1,002
1,004
1,012
1,014
1,011
1,020
1,022
1,021
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,023
1,023
1,022
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,025
E 1,025
E 1,025
1,023
1,016
1,014
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,013
1,011
1,011
1,010
1,010
1,011
1,008
1,011
1,018
1,019
1,018
1,022
1,018
1,016
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,011
1,006
1,006
1,010
1,008
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
1,009
E 1,009
E 1,009
a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.
b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate.
176
Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

(Million Btu per Short Ton)
Coal
Coal Coke
Consumption
1973 ........................
1974 ........................
1975 ........................
1976 ........................
1977 ........................
1978 ........................
1979 ........................
1980 ........................
1981 ........................
1982 ........................
1983 ........................
1984 ........................
1985 ........................
1986 ........................
1987 ........................
1988 ........................
1989 ........................
1990 ........................
1991 ........................
1992 ........................
1993 ........................
1994 ........................
1995 ........................
1996 ........................
1997 ........................
1998 ........................
1999 ........................
2000 ........................
2001 ........................
2002 ........................
2003 ........................
2004 ........................
2005 ........................
2006 ........................
2007 ........................
2008 ........................
2009 .......................
2010P .....................
2011E .....................
2012E .....................
Productiona
Waste
Coal
Suppliedb
Residential
and
Commercial
Sectors
Industrial Sector
Coke Plants
23.376
23.072
22.897
22.855
22.597
22.248
22.454
22.415
22.308
22.239
22.052
22.010
21.870
21.913
21.922
21.823
21.765
21.822
21.681
21.682
21.418
21.394
21.326
21.322
21.296
21.418
21.070
21.072
a20.772
20.673
20.499
20.424
20.348
20.310
20.340
20.208
19.969
20.192
20.192
20.192
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
b10.391
9.303
10.758
10.396
10.638
11.097
11.722
12.147
12.158
12.639
12.552
12.360
12.169
12.165
12.360
12.266
12.093
12.080
12.090
12.121
11.862
11.755
11.755
11.755
22.831
22.479
22.261
22.774
22.919
22.466
22.242
22.543
22.474
22.695
22.775
22.844
22.646
22.947
23.404
23.571
23.650
23.137
23.114
23.105
22.994
23.112
23.118
23.011
22.494
21.620
23.880
25.020
24.909
22.962
22.242
22.324
22.342
22.066
22.069
21.887
22.059
21.254
21.254
21.254
26.780
26.778
26.782
26.781
26.787
26.789
26.788
26.790
26.794
26.797
26.798
26.799
26.798
26.798
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.799
26.799
26.799
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
26.800
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.426
27.425
27.426
26.279
26.271
26.329
26.281
26.334
26.296
26.296
26.296
Otherc
Electric
Power
Sectord,e
Total
Imports
Exports
Imports
and
Exports
22.586
22.419
22.436
22.530
22.322
22.207
22.452
22.690
22.585
22.712
22.691
22.543
22.020
22.198
22.381
22.360
22.347
22.457
22.460
22.250
22.123
22.068
21.950
22.105
22.172
23.164
22.489
22.433
22.622
22.562
22.468
22.473
22.178
22.050
22.371
22.348
21.893
21.909
21.909
21.909
22.246
21.781
21.642
21.679
21.508
21.275
21.364
21.295
21.085
21.194
21.133
21.101
20.959
21.084
21.136
20.900
d20.898
20.779
20.730
20.709
20.677
20.589
20.543
20.547
20.518
20.516
20.490
20.511
20.337
20.238
20.082
19.980
19.988
19.931
19.909
19.713
19.521
19.612
19.612
19.612
23.057
22.677
22.506
22.498
22.265
22.017
22.100
21.947
21.713
21.674
21.576
21.573
21.366
21.462
21.517
21.328
21.307
21.197
21.120
21.068
21.010
20.929
20.880
20.870
20.830
20.881
20.818
20.828
20.671
20.541
20.387
20.290
20.246
20.181
20.168
19.977
19.742
19.858
19.858
19.858
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
26.596
26.700
26.562
26.601
26.548
26.478
26.548
26.384
26.160
26.223
26.291
26.402
26.307
26.292
26.291
26.299
26.160
26.202
26.188
26.161
26.335
26.329
26.180
26.174
26.251
26.800
26.081
26.117
25.998
26.062
25.972
26.108
25.494
25.453
25.466
25.399
25.633
25.713
25.713
25.713
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
24.800
a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible
materials).
b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and
industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."
c Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants.
d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the
e Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.
P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available.
177
Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity
(Btu per Kilowatthour)
Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation
Fossil Fuelsb
Coalc
1973 ..............................
1974 ..............................
1975 ..............................
1976 ..............................
1977 ..............................
1978 ..............................
1979 ..............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ..............................
1985 ..............................
1986 ..............................
1987 ..............................
1988 ..............................
1989 ..............................
1990 ..............................
1991 ..............................
1992 ..............................
1993 ..............................
1994 ..............................
1995 ..............................
1996 ..............................
1997 ..............................
1998 ..............................
1999 ..............................
2000 ..............................
2001 ..............................
2002 ..............................
2003 ..............................
2004 ..............................
2005 ..............................
2006 ..............................
2007 ..............................
2008 ..............................
2009 ..............................
2010 ..............................
2011 ..............................
2012 ..............................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,378
10,314
10,297
10,331
10,373
10,351
10,375
10,378
10,414
10,415
E 10,415
E 10,415
Petroleumd
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,742
10,641
10,610
10,571
10,631
10,809
10,794
11,015
10,923
10,984
E 10,984
E 10,984
Natural
Gase
Total
Fossil Fuelsf,g
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10,051
9,533
9,207
8,647
8,551
8,471
8,403
8,305
8,160
8,185
E 8,185
E 8,185
10,389
10,442
10,406
10,373
10,435
10,361
10,353
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
b10,333
10,173
10,241
10,022
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
E 9,756
E 9,756
Nuclearh
10,903
11,161
11,013
11,047
10,769
10,941
10,879
10,908
11,030
11,073
10,905
10,843
10,622
10,579
10,442
10,602
10,583
10,582
10,484
10,471
10,504
10,452
10,507
10,503
10,494
10,491
10,450
10,429
10,443
10,442
10,421
10,427
10,436
10,436
10,485
10,453
10,460
10,452
E 10,452
E 10,452
Noncombustible
Renewable
Energyg,i
Heat Contentj of
Electricityk
10,389
10,442
10,406
10,373
10,435
10,361
10,353
10,388
10,453
10,454
10,520
10,440
10,447
10,446
10,419
10,324
10,432
10,402
10,436
10,342
10,309
10,316
10,312
10,340
10,213
10,197
10,226
10,201
10,333
10,173
10,241
10,022
9,999
9,919
9,884
9,854
9,760
9,756
E 9,756
E 9,756
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
3,412
a The values in columns 1-6 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary.
b Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers.

c Includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and, beginning in 2002, waste coal and coal synfuel.
d Includes distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke, and waste oil.
e Includes natural gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
f Includes coal, petroleum, natural gas, and, beginning in 2001, other gases (blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil
fuels).
g The fossil-fuels heat rate is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity net generation from noncombustible renewable energy (hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind) to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood
and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.
h Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.
i Technology-based geothermal heat rates are no longer used in Btu calculations in this report. For technology-based geothermal heat rates for 19602010, see the
Annual Energy Review 2010, Table A6.
j See "Heat Content" in Glossary.
k The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.
E=Estimate. NA=Not Available.
Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
178
Thermal Conversion Factor

Source Documentation
Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308

million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 70
percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane and
Propane.
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids
Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 3.974 million Btu per barrel as
published in the California Oil World and Petroleum
Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636
million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated
by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted by the
Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission
Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.
Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines calculation of 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on
an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40 percent
propane. See Butane and Propane.
Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million
Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for
crude oil produced in the United States. See Crude Oil
Production.
Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the
average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of
crude oil imported weighted by the quantities imported.
Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated
on a foreign country basis, by determining the average
American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil
imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in
1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu
content by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum
Products, 1933.
Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines
Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.825 million Btu per barrel as
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082 million Btu per barrel as published in
the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First
Issue, April 1942.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Commercial as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of
Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per
barrel for Jet Fuel, Military as published by the Texas
Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 19471985,
a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.
Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. Calculated
annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion
factors for all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see
Table A1) weighted by the quantities consumed. The
component products of liquefied petroleum gases are
ethane (including ethylene), propane (including propylene),
normal butane (including butylene), butane-propane
mixtures, ethane-propane mixtures, and isobutane. For
19731980, quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy
Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, Table 1.
For 1981 forward, quantities consumed are from EIA,
Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.
Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of
Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by
the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum
Statement, Annual, 1956.
Motor Gasoline Consumption.
19731993: EIA
adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of
5.253 million Btu per barrel for Gasoline, Motor Fuel as
published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation
in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American
Energy Markets 19471985, a 1968 release of historical
and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion
factors for conventional, reformulated, and oxygenated
motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for conventional
motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for
179
previous years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150 million Btu per barrel,
are based on data published in Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and
Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003,
Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated
Gasoline. See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated
factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted
by the quantities produced.
Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the
Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.
Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor
to be 4.620 million Btu or equal to that for natural gasoline.
See Natural Gasoline.
conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by

the electric power sector weighted by the quantities
consumed by the electric power sector. Data are from Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
http://www.eia.gov/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.
Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed
by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum
products consumed by the residential sector are estimated in
the State Energy Data Systemsee documentation at
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F.

Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal
to the thermal conversion factor for special naphthas. See
Special Naphthas.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or
greater than 401 F. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million
Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for
distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.
Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to
be 6.000 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal
conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.
Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion
factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as reported in Btu per
short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,
Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950. The Bureau of
Mines calculated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btu
per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines
internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in
the Bureau of Mines Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA
forms.
Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated
factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the commercial sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by

EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all
petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities
consumed.
Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the
transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities
consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of
petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector
are estimated in the State Energy Data Systemsee
documentation at
Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities
exported.
Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA
as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each
petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities
imported.
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per
barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.
Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.
Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal
Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion

factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the
180
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, Bureau of Mines

Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,
Adopted January 3, 1950.
Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal
conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which
was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see Asphalt)
and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines
thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,
which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline
(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the
Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated
thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,
first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.
Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil
and each petroleum product exported weighted by the
quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.
Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as
the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type
of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by
the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.
Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion
factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for
distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
3, 1977.
Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to
that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate) and first
published it in EIAs Annual Report to Congress, Volume
2, 1981.
Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of
5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau
of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,
Annual, 1956.
Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for
biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu
per pound.
Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the
production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel
biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to
the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds
of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to
produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that
soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per
pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.
Ethanol (Undenatured).
EIA adopted the thermal
conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel
published in Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels, a
paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on Reformulated
Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,
D.C., October 1991.
Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 19812008: EIA used the
2009 factor. 2009 forward: Calculated by EIA as the
annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu
per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620
million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline
and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of
ethanol consumed is from EIAs Petroleum Supply
Annual (PSA) and Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),
Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net
production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus
used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data for
renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
pentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from PSA/PSM, Table 1, data
for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of
conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending
components, multiplied by -1.
Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the
production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per
barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to
estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department of Agriculture observed
ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of
corn) were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and
2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other
years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat
content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel.
Approximate Heat Content of Natural

Gas
Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by the
quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-923,
Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas
consumed by the end-use sectors (residential, commercial,
181
industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.

Data are from Form EIA-176, Annual Report of Natural
and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.
consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantity

consumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal
Consumption and Quality ReportManufacturing Plants.
Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 19731979: EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by
the American Gas Association (AGA) and published in Gas
Facts, an AGA annual publication. 1980 forward: Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural
gas consumed by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial

Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat
content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial
sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are
from Form EIA-6, Coal Distribution Report. Beginning in
2000, data are for commercial combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Natural Gas Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of natural gas exported by the
quantity exported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of
Natural Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Imports. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the heat content of natural gas imported by the
quantity imported. For 19731995, data are from Form
FPC-14, Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of
Natural Gas. Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural
Gas Imports and Exports.
Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be
equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas
consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.
Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually
by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas
produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural
gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant
Liquids Production) by the total quantity of marketed
natural gas produced.
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and

Coal Coke
Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau
of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.
Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal
consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity
consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.
Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of
coal consumed by coke plants by the quantity consumed.
Data are from Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption
and Quality ReportCoke Plants.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated
annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal
182
Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all
sectors by the total quantity consumed.
Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the
heat content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported
by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S. Department
of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Monthly Report
EM 545.
Coal Imports. Assumed by EIA to be 25.000 million Btu
per short ton.
Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance
the heat content of coal supply (production and imports)
and the heat content of coal disposition (exports, stock
change, and consumption).
Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by
dividing the total heat content of waste coal supplied by the
quantity supplied. For 19891997, data are from Form
EIA-867, Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report. For
19982000, data are from Form EIA-860B, Annual Electric
Generator ReportNonutility. For 2001 forward, data are
from Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality
ReportManufacturing Plants; Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report; and predecessor forms.
Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Coal. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and net
generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power Plant
Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for electric utilities and electricity-only
independent power producers using anthracite, bituminous
coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and beginning in 2002,
waste coal and coal synfuel.
Electricity Net Generation, Natural Gas. 2001 forward:
Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and
net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The
computation includes data for electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers using natural
gas and supplemental gaseous fuels.
Electricity Net Generation, Noncombustible Renewable

Energy. There is no generally accepted practice for
measuring the thermal conversion rates for power plants
that generate electricity from hydro, geothermal, solar
thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. Therefore,
EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the annual
average heat rate factor for fossil-fueled power plants in the
United States (see Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil
Fuels). By using that factor it is possible to evaluate fossil
fuel requirements for replacing those sources during
periods of interruption, such as droughts.
Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear. 19731984: Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content consumed
in nuclear generating units by the total (net) electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat content and
electricity generation were reported on Form FERC-1,
Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and
Others; Form EIA-412, Annual Report of Public Electric
Utilities; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the factors were
published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants 1982, page 215.
For 1983 and 1984, the factors were published in EIA,
Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991,
Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by
using the heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860,
Annual Electric Generator Report (and predecessor
forms).
Electricity Net Generation, Petroleum. 2001 forward:

Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel consumption and
net generation data reported on Form EIA-923, Power
Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The
computation includes data for electric utilities and
electricity-only independent power producers using distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum
coke, and waste oil.
Electricity Net Generation, Total Fossil Fuels.
19731988: The weighted annual average heat rate for
fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United
States, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and
Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9. 19892000:
Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rate data
reported on Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator
Report (and predecessor forms); and net generation data
reported on Form EIA-759, Monthly Power Plant
Report. The computation includes data for all electric
utility steam-electric plants using fossil fuels. 2001
forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel
consumption and net generation data reported on Form
EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for electric
utilities and electricity-only independent power producers
using coal, petroleum, natural gas, and other gases (blast
furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and
waste gases derived from fossil fuels).
183
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Appendix B
Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical
Conversion Factors
Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other
U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are
expressed predominately in units that historically have been
used in the United States, such as British thermal units,
barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S.
commerce involves other nations, most of which use metric
units of measure, the U.S. Government is committed to the
transition to the metric system, as stated in the Metric
Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94168), amended by
the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
(Public Law 100418), and Executive Order 12770 of July
25, 1991.
The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be
used to calculate the metric-unit equivalents of values
expressed in U.S. Customary units. For example, 500 short
tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons
x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).
In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of
multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by
combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as deka,
hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and
deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth,
one-hundredth, and one-thousandth.
Common metric
prefixes can be found in Table B2.
The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to
calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly
used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels are the
equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42
gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).
185
Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

Type of Unit
U.S. Unit
Equivalent in Metric Units
Mass
1 short ton (2,000 lb)

1 long ton
1 pound (lb)
1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8)
1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)
=
=
=
=
=
0.907 184 7
1.016 047
0.453 592 37a
0.384 647b
28.349 52
metric tons (t)

metric tons (t)
kilograms (kg)
kilograms uranium (kgU)
grams (g)
Volume
1 barrel of oil (bbl)

1 cubic yard (yd3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)
1 cubic inch (in3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.158 987 3
0.764 555
0.028 316 85
3.785 412
29.573 53
16.387 06
cubic meters (m3)

cubic meters (m3)
cubic meters (m3)
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)
milliliters (mL)
Length
1 mile (mi)
1 yard (yd)
1 foot (ft)
1 inch (in)
=
=
=
=
1.609 344a
0.914 4a
0.304 8a
2.54a
kilometers (km)
meters (m)
meters (m)
centimeters (cm)
Area
1 acre
1 square mile (mi2)
1 square yard (yd2)
1 square foot (ft2)
1 square inch (in2)
=
=
=
=
=
0.404 69
2.589 988
0.836 127 4
0.092 903 04a
6.451 6a
hectares (ha)
square kilometers (km2)
square meters (m2)
square meters (m2)
square centimeters (cm2)
Energy
1 British thermal unit (Btu)c

1 calorie (cal)
1 kilowatthour (kWh)
=
=
=
1,055.055 852 62a

4.186 8a
3.6a
Temperatured
32 degrees Fahrenheit (F)

212 degrees Fahrenheit (F)
=
=
0a
100a
joules (J)
joules (J)
megajoules (MJ)
degrees Celsius (C)
degrees Celsius (C)
Exact conversion.
c
The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.
d
To convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (C) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
Notes: Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. Most metric units belong to the
International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI
units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.
Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government
(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std
268-1992, pp. 28 and 29.
a
b
186
Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Unit Multiple
Prefix
Symbol
10
deka
da
10
102
hecto
10-2
10
kilo
10
Unit Subdivision
-1
-3
Prefix
Symbol
deci
centi
milli
micro
n
p
106
mega
10-6
109
giga
tera
G
T
10-9
10
nano
pico
1015
peta
10-15
femto
10
exa
10
atto
1021
zetta
10-21
zepto
10
yotta
10
yocto
10
12
18
24
-12
-18
-24
Web Page: http ://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST
Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.
Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

Energy Source
Original Unit
Equiv alent in Final Units
Petroleum
1 barrel (bbl)
42a
Coal
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 metric ton (t)
=
=
=
2,000a
2,240a
1,000a
pounds (lb)
pounds (lb)
kilograms (kg)
Wood
1 cord (cd)
1 cord (cd)
=
=
1.25b
128a
shorts tons
cubic feet (ft3)
U.S. gallons (gal)
Exact conversion.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17
a
b
and C-21.
187
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Glossary
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical
compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The series of molecules vary in chain length and are
composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group;
CH(3)-(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary
butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.
Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation
applications, include the following: methanol; denatured
ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85
percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol,
and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels;
natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol)
derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy
diesel fuel); electricity (including electricity from solar
energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines,
by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield
substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not
include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily
petroleum-based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders,
i.e., MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-percent ethanol
portion of gasohol.
Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to
operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural
gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be
either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively
on alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to
operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.
Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for
residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of
fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.
The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28
million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the
United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the
as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture
and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite
refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electric
power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of
15 million Btu per ton or less.
Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused
by human activity. The term is used in the context of global
climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the
result of human activities, as well as other potentially
climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.
Asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material

containing bitumens as the predominant constituents
obtained by petroleum processing. The definition includes
crude asphalt as well as the following finished products:
cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with
asphalt to make cutback asphalts.
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.
Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that
will be used for blending or compounding into finished
aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate,
reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes
oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.
Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in
aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are
provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military
Specification MIL-G-5572.
Note: Data on blending
components are not counted in data on finished aviation
gasoline.
Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S.
Gallons.
Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal
season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume.
Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or
other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It
can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel
or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl
esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils
or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials)
D 6751.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced
from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.
Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the term biogenic to refer only to
organic nonfossil material of biological origin.
Biomass: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin
constituting a renewable energy source. See Biodiesel,
189
Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood and

Wood-Derived Fuels.
Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.
Biomass waste includes municipal solid waste from
biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural
crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids,
and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels
(including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel,
and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA biomass waste data also
include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.
Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of
bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also
used for heat and power applications in manufacturing
and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant
coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content
usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short
ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat
content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States
averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral
matter).
Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of
energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After
evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel
in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain
basic chemicals.
British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid
water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which
water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees
Fahrenheit). See Heat Content.
Btu: See British Thermal Unit.
Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy
data between one unit of measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally
used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) into the
energy-equivalent
measure
of
Btu.
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
for further information on Btu conversion factors.)
Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branchedchain hydrocarbon (C4H10). It is extracted from natural
gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane and
normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification
D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for
commercial butane.
190
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams.
Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery
gas streams.
Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from
refinery processes.
Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical energy
produced by a generating unit for a given period of time
to the electrical energy that could have been produced at
continuous full-power operation during the same period.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as
well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas
as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into
the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential
for global warming. The global warming potential
(GWP) of other greenhouse gases is measured in relation
to that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific
convention is assigned a value of one (1).
Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices.
Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the
effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year.
Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant
dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the
U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chaineddollar measure. The new measure is based on the average
weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years.
It is chained because the second year in each pair, with
its weights, becomes the first year of the next pair. The
advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it is
more closely related to any given period and is therefore
subject to less distortion over time.
CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.
Citygate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline
company or transmission system.
Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of
climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change
from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In
some cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with the term "global warming"; scientists,
however, tend to use the term in a wider sense inclusive of
natural changes in climate, including climatic cooling.
Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock

whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists
of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70
percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed
from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened,
chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Anthracite, Bituminous
Coal, Lignite, Subbituminous Coal, Waste Coal, and
Coal Synfuel.
Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.
Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for
future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected
for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal
stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the period.
Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal-based fuels such as
briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from
fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.
Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel.
Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from
low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at
temperatures as high as 2,000 F so that the fixed carbon
and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel
and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast
furnace. Coke (coal) has a heating value of 24.8 million
Btu per ton.
Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and
low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The
conversion is 5 barrels (42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.
Coke (petroleum) has a heating value of 6.024 million Btu
per barrel.
Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.
See Coke, Coal.
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant
designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single
heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the
term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past. CHP
better describes the facilities because some of the plants
included do not produce heat and power in a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of
cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA).
Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of:
businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and
other private and public organizations, such as religious,
social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes

institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated with
this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a wide
variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes
generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal
output primarily to support the activities of the abovementioned commercial establishments.
Various EIA
programs differ in sectoral coverage-for more information
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.htm.
see
See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Completion: The installation of permanent equipment for
the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to
produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the
definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well)
and the definition of a completion are identical. However,
if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately
from more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous
with a completion.
Conventional Gasoline: Finished motor gasoline not
included in the oxygenated or reformulated gasoline categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline
blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as well as other
blendstock.
Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric power
generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.
Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data
between one unit of measurement and another (such as
between short tons and British thermal units, or
between
barrels
and
gallons).
(See
http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices
and http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#appendices for further information on conversion factors.) See
Btu Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.
Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A sales transaction in
which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of
the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer.
Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid
phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid
at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the
crude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts of
hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure
after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in
lease separators and are subsequently commingled with
the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease
condensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in
lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the
crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and
191
various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil
shale.
Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are
excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of
petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline,
diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane,
and butane; and many other products used for their energy
or chemical content.
Crude Oil F.O.B. Price: The crude oil price actually
charged at the oil-producing countrys port of loading.
Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price
paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate): A mixture of
hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure
after passing through surface separating facilities.
Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons
produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip
gases are also included, but topped crude oil (residual
oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded. Where identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing plants
and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded.
Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port
of discharge, including charges associated with the
purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the
purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not
include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import
tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).
Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into
processing units at refineries.
Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals,
and on leases.
Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by
crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.
Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of
crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs. Wells
producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as
oil wells.
Cubic Foot (Natural Gas): A unit of volume equal to 1
cubic foot at a pressure base of 14.73 pounds standard per
square inch absolute and a temperature base of 60 F.
Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of
monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time
(usually the 30-year period 1961-1990). The averages
may be simple degree-day normals or populationweighted degree-day normals.
192
Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm

a location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the
average of the days high and low temperatures, with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days cooling
degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Cooling
degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of
air conditioning energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a
location is over a period of time relative to a base
temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees
Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by
subtracting the average of the days high and low
temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with
negative values set equal to zero. Each days heating
degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-day
measure for a specified reference period. Heating degreedays are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space
heating energy requirements or use.
Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling
degree-days weighted by the population of the area in
which the degree-days are recorded. To compute State
population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided
into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions,
which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the
population of the division to the total population of the
State. Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each
division and those products are then summed to arrive at
the State population-weighted degree-day figure. To
compute national population-weighted degree-days, the
Nation is divided into nine Census regions, each
comprising from three to eight States, which are
assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of
the region to the total population of the Nation. Degreeday readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those
products are then summed to arrive at the national
population-weighted degree-day figure.
Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or
conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to
make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production
facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant. See
Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Design Electrical Rating, Net: The nominal net electrical
output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility
for the purpose of plant design.
Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area
of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic
horizon known to be productive.
Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils

obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such
distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for
diesel fuels than for gasoline.
Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is
produced by either the same entity that consumes the power
or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of a service or
industrial process located within the same facility or group
of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use
is exclusive of station use.
Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the
petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation
operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products
known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in
on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and
automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those
in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used
primarily for space heating and electricity generation.
Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be
incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry)
Production.
E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and
15 percent motor gasoline.
Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers,
electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power
(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity,
or electricity and heat, to the public-i.e., North American
Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also
Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant, ElectricityOnly Plant, Electric Utility, and Independent Power
Producer.
Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or
distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and operations,
either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by
a separate regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service
Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the
consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts,
public utility districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities
may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval
for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs
covering either cost-of-service and/or market-based rates
under the authority of the Federal Power Act. See Electric

Power Sector.
Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy
lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.
Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence
and motion of elementary charged particles generated by
friction, induction, or chemical change.
Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric
energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (Mwh).
Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric
energy produced by generating units and measured at the
generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).
Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy
consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or
auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for
station service and is deducted from gross generation.
Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP)
Plant.
Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold to
customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not
for resale.
End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial,
and transportation sectors of the economy.
Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the
capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion
of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has
several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be
changed to another form useful for work. Most of the
worlds convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that
are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer
medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal units.
Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of
heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.
Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides
service to a retail or end-use customer.
Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming
components of U.S. society developed to measure and
193
analyze energy use. The sectors most commonly referred to

in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.
Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon
(C2H6). It is a colorless, paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -127.48 F. It is extracted from natural gas
and refinery gas streams.
Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.
Ethanol is typically produced biologically from biomass
feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues
from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be
produced chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel
Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.
Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C2H4) recovered
from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or
gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, to
find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously
found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to
extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.
Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States
and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.
Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas
due to the removal of natural gas liquid constituents, such
as ethane, propane, and butane, at natural gas processing
plants.
Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor
of the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The
Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity
sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,
natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline
certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency
within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor
agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The
Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of
Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10,
1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on
September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy
was created. Its functions were divided between the U.S.
Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil
reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first
time it is removed from the lease boundary.
194
Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the

base site or at gas processing plants.
F.O.B. (Free on Board): A sales transaction in which the
seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified
port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for
the subsequent transportation and insurance.
Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1)
the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells
drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed
footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and
(3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack
wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells
does not include footage in the common bore, which is
reported as footage for the original well. In the case of
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that
which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.
Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earths crust
from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal,
and natural gas.
Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity
generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine
rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat
from burning fossil fuels.
Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol
in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent
water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for human
consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol
production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor
gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in
low concentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate
or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to
fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its
use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.
Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity
of anhydrous, biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for
fuel use. The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.
Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable
energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable
fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.
Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating
unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing

alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by
volume. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.
excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in

the original energy form or created during the combustion
process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content values.
Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas

from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing
both crude oil and natural gas are classified as oil wells.)
Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour. Note:
Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates,
depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates.
Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from

geothermal reservoirs in the earths crust and used for
geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity
generation.
Global Warming:
An increase in the near-surface
temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in
the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the
term is today most often used to refer to the warming some
scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See Climate
Change.
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to
compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases
without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric
concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one
kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time,
such as 100 years.
Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but
opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing
long-wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.
The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a
tendency to warm the planet's surface.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods
and services produced by labor and property located in the
United States. As long as the labor and property are
located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.
GT/IC: Gas turbine and internal combustion plants.
Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be
released by the transformation or use of a specified physical
unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil, a
kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a
pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly
expressed in British thermal units (Btu). Note: Heat
content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in
terms of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating
value) or net heat content (lower heating value), depending
upon whether or not the available heat energy includes or
Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The
molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from
the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural
gas) to the very heavy and very complex.
Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from
the kinetic energy of falling water.
Hydroelectric Power Plant: A plant in which the turbine
generators are driven by falling water.
Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectricity that is
generated during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during
off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is
available to do so. When additional generating capacity
is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir
through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power
plant at a lower level.
Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs
chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists in
acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the
District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or
from foreign countries.
Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person,
agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that
owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for
use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility.
Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of all facilities and equipment used for
producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity:
manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry,
fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil
and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction
(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely
for process heat and cooling and powering machinery,
with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw
material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This
sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or
useful thermal output primarily to support the
195
above-mentioned industrial activities. Various EIA

programs differ in sectoral coverage-for more information
see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.
with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo

from the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not
included are charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g.,
import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage
charges).
Injections (Natural Gas): Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.
Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and
lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations,
heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as
fuel in natural gas processing plants.
Isobutane: A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of
10.9 F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas
streams. See Butane.
Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from
refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon
obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet
aircraft engines. It includes kerosene-type jet fuel and
naphtha-type jet fuel.
Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product
with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 F at the
10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling
point of 572 F. Fuel specifications are provided in
ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications
MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and
JP-8). It isused primarily for commercial turbojet and
turboprop aircraft engines.
Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha
boiling range, with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees
API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290 to
470 F and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L
(Grade JP-4). It is used by the military for turbojet and
turboprop engines.
Kerosene: A petroleum distillate having a maximum
distillation temperature of 401 F at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 F, and a minimum
flash point of 100 F. Included are the two grades designated
in ASTM D3699 (No. 1-K and No. 2-K) and all grades of
kerosene called range or stove oil. Kerosene is used in space
heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters; it is suitable for use
as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.
Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of

pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, which is recovered as a
liquid from natural gas in lease or field separation facilities.
Note: This category excludes natural gas liquids, such as
butane and propane, which are recovered at natural gas
processing plants or facilities.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown
coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power
generation. It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat
content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short
ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of
lignite consumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu
per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both
inherent moisture and mineral matter).
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily
methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 F at atmospheric pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene,
propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, and isobutane
produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate new natural gas plant liquids.
Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear
generating units initial fuel loading date and the issuance
of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of
operation during that period is 5 percent of the units
design thermal rating.
Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as

a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000
watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kilowatthour is
equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.
Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between

bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated
into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from
distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to
impart or improve certain required properties. Excluded
are byproducts of lubricating oil refining, such as
aromatic extracts derived from solvent extraction or tars
derived from deasphalting. Included are all grades of
lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those
used in greases. Lubricant categories are paraffinic and
naphthenic.
Landed Costs: The dollar-per-barrel price of crude oil at

the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated
Marketed Production (Natural Gas): Gross withdrawals

less gas used for repressuring, quantities vented and
Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.
196
flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or

processing operations. Includes all quantities of gas used
in field and processing operations.
Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless, hydrocarbon
gas (CH4) that is the principal constituent of natural gas. It is
also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial
processes.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE):
An ether,
(CH3)3COCH3, intended for motor gasoline blending. See
Oxygenates.
Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for
motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere-for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and
tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels,
synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor
gasoline blending components and oxygenates as
required, to produce finished motor gasoline. Finished
motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor
gasoline blending components or oxygenates, resulting in
increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or
changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g.,
conventional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce
oxygenated motor gasoline).
Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphtha (e.g.,
straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene,
xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished
motor gasoline. These components include reformulated
gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: oxygenates are
reported as individual components and are included in the
total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.
Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively
volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of
additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in sparkignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification
D-4814 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122F to 158F at the
10-percent recovery point to 365F to 374F at the
90-percent recovery point. Motor gasoline includes
conventional gasoline, all types of oxygenated gasoline
including gasohol, and reformulated gasoline, but excludes
aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on blending
components, as well as oxygenates, are not counted in data
on finished motor gasoline until the blending components
are blended into the gasoline.
Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by
octane ratings. Each type of gasoline (conventional,
oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three
grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note: Gasoline

sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane
requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in
some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be
2 or more octane points lower.
Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e.,
octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.
Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See
Motor Gasoline Grades.
Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or
equal to 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by
altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,
i.e., octane rating, greater than 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.
Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline,
other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen
content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be
sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO)
nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes
oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG)
and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent
oxygen, by weight, and is intended for sale inside CO
nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated
gasoline. Other data on gasohol are included in data on
conventional gasoline.
Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline
formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and
properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the
Clean Air Act. Note: This category includes oxygenated
fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes
reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending
(RBOB).
Motor Gasoline Retail Prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in
conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price
Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas
selected to represent all urban consumers-about 80 percent
of the total U.S. population. The service stations are
selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way
that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those
providing all types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and selfservice.
Motor Gasoline (Total): For stock level data, a sum
including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of
197
motor gasoline blending components but excluding stocks

of oxygenates.
MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.
NAICS (North American Industry Classification
System): A coding system developed jointly by the
United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses
and industries according to the type of economic activity
in which they are engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. For additional
information on NAICS, go to
http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction
with an approximate boiling range between 122 and 400 F.
Natural Gas:
A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon
compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as
raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.
Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1)
the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed
from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or
plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry
natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas.
The parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60
degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds per square inch
absolute.
Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas withdrawn
from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the
production (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes
used at the production site include 1) the volume returned
to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs,
and conservation operations; and 2) gas vented and
flared. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon
gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream;
and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease
condensate and plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part
of production. Dry natural gas production equals
marketed production less extraction loss.
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Gross withdrawals of
natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for
reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed in
treating and processing operations; and quantities vented
and flared.
Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas liquids
recovered from natural gas in processing plants and, in
some situations, from natural gas field facilities, as well
as those extracted by fractionators. Natural gas plant
198
liquids are defined according to the published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American
Society for Testing and Material as follows: ethane,
propane, normal butane, isobutane, pentanes plus, and other
products from natural gas processing plants (i.e., products
meeting the standards for finished petroleum products
produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished
motor gasoline, finished aviation gasoline, special naphthas,
kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products).
Natural Gas Wellhead Price: The wellhead price of
natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported
value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as
reported by the appropriate agencies of individual
producing States and the U.S. Minerals Management
Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment
from the lease, including gathering and compression
costs, in addition to State production, severance, and
similar charges.
Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly
pentanes and heavier) extracted from natural gas that
meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications
for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors
Association. Includes isopentane, which is a saturated
branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of
natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
Net Summer Capacity:
The maximum output,
commonly expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts
(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system
load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of
summer peak demand (period of June 1 through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to
electricity use for station service or auxiliaries.
Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally
between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992
agreement. The Neutral Zone contains an estimated 5
billion barrels of oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
Nominal Dollars:
price.
A measure used to express nominal
Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service

at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those
that have not been adjusted to remove the effect of
changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they
reflect buying power in the year in which the transaction
occurred.
Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin
that is a byproduct or a discarded product. Non-biomass
waste includes municipal solid waste from non-biogenic
sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.
Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases
that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon
dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or

"renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity
generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the
fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
(1971present), Qatar (1961present), Saudi Arabia

(1960present), United Arab Emirates (1967present), and
Venezuela (1960present). Countries no longer members of
OPEC include Gabon (19751994) and Indonesia
(19622008).
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multiunit

facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by
the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more
steam turbines.
Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to gasoline,

increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend.
Ethanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl
Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common
oxygenates.
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission

chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material),
moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from
the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.
PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense

Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the
District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum
Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were
originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons as
Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which
were established in 1942.
OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation

and Development.
Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes

and heavier, extracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane,
natural gasoline, and plant condensate.
Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the

coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low
water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct
contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward
limit of inland water.
Oil: See Crude Oil.
OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
Operable Unit (Nuclear): In the United States, a nuclear
generating unit that has completed low-power testing and
been issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to
operate.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping
governments tackle the economic, social and governance
challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership
comprises about 30 member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach.
For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated
objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies
of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad
Conference on September 1014, 1960. Current members
(with years of membership) include Algeria (1969present),
Angola (2007present), Ecuador (19731992 and
2007present), Iran (1960present), Iraq (1960present),
Kuwait (1960present), Libya (1962present), Nigeria
Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived

from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals,
synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon
mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of
crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of
finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon
compounds, such as additives and detergents, after they have
been blended into the products.
Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.
Petroleum Consumption:
(Petroleum).
See
Products
Supplied
Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from foreign countries
and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.
territories and possessions. Included are imports for the
Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded
warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker use,
and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and
U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.
Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing
of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and
other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include
unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus,
aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,
kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,
199
lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still

gas, and miscellaneous products.
Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual products,
quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at
bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or
more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product
retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the
point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual
products held at gas processing plants are excluded from
individual product estimates but are included in other oils
estimates and total.
Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated
from sunlight through solid-state semiconductor devices
that have no moving parts.
Pipeline Fuel:
Gas consumed in the operation of
pipelines, primarily in compressors.
Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly
pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated
as liquid at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing
plants.
Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first
accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any
transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of
energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic
gas, which can be converted to electricity; in this example,
coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy,
and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy
Production and Primary Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Consumption:
Consumption of
primary energy. (Energy sources that are produced from
other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare
included in primary energy consumption only if their
energy content has not already been included as part of the
original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary energy
consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but
not the coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The
U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the
following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal
consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum
consumption (petroleum products supplied, including
natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel);
dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous
fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate);
conventional
hydroelectricity
net
generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat
rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted
to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and
geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled
plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy;
wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
200
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and woodderived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption;
fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and
co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports (converted to Btu using the
electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). See
Total Energy Consumption.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary
energy. The U.S. Energy Information Administration
includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:
coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse
recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production;
natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural
gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to
Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional
hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity
net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal
plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and
geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using
the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal
direct use energy; wind electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);
wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass
waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity
directly.
Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from primary
sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-processing plants,
blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general,
product supplied of each product in any given period is
computed as follows: field production, plus refinery
production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil
(plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District
basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus
refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a
temperature of -43.67 F. It is extracted from natural gas
or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated
in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for commercial propane and HD-5
propane.
Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered
from refinery or petrochemical processes.
Real Dollars: These are dollars that have been adjusted
for inflation. See Real Price.
Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Real
prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually
reflect buying power relative to a base year.
Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The cost of crude
oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees. The
composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and
imported crude oil costs.
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries,
or blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to
produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross
inputs of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates (excluding
fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel
ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils,
motor gasoline blending components, and aviation
gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated
as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net
inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.
Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated
gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)
produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals,
and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in
advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil
distillation unit.
Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery
gases, and finished petroleum products produced at a
refinery or petroleum storage terminal blending facility.
Net production equals gross production minus gross
inputs. Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum
product. Examples of negative net production include
reclassification of one finished product to another
finished product, or reclassification of a finished product
to unfinished oils or blending components.
Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures
finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.
Refuse Mine: A surface site where coal is recovered from
previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank,
culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse
mine or the coal recaptured by that process. The resulting
product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of
noncombustible materials.
Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are
essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil
fuels, of which there is a finite supply). Renewable sources
of energy include conventional hydrolectric power,
biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind.
Repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as

air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to
effect greater ultimate recovery.
Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of living quarters for private households. Common
uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration,
cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The
residential sector excludes institutional living quarters.
Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage for
more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm. See
End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.
Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after the
distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled
away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM
Specifications D396 and 975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in
steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore
power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil
and is used for commercial and industrial heating, for electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual
fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel.
Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual
asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment
on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six
grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a
rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.
Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): A set of codes
developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget
which categorizes industries into groups with similar
economic activities. Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.
Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that
can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or
electricity.
Special Naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha
boiling ranges that are used as paint thinner, cleaners or
solvents. Those products are refined to a specified flash
point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and
cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications
D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or
marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are
to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas (SNG)
feedstocks, are excluded.
201
Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric

power plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting,
power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the
energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
Steam Coal: All nonmetallurgical coal.
Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime
mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine
is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gas
produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming,
and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane,
and propylene. It is used primarily as refinery fuel and,
petrochemical feedstock.
Stocks: See Coal Stocks, Crude Oil Stocks, or Petroleum Stocks, Primary.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks
maintained by the Federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range
from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and
used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black,
hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture
by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal
ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per short ton on a
moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of
subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received
basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and
mineral matter).
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Synthetic natural gas,
propane-air, coke oven gas, refinery gas, biomass gas, air
injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas
commingled and distributed with natural gas.
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as
substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting
from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that
may easily be substituted for or interchanged with
pipeline-quality natural gas.
Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data
between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic
feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as
British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for converting data between different thermal units of measure. See
Btu Conversion Factor.
202
Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use sectors, plus electricity retail sales
and electrical system energy losses.
Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that
consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to
another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses;
motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft;
and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehicles
whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse
tractors and forklifts) are classified in the sector of their
primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral
coverage-for more information see
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm

Underground Storage: The storage of natural gas in
underground reservoirs at a different location from which it
was produced.
Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery processing except those requiring only mechanical blending.
Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas
oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.
Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural
gas liquid components, excluding those in plant
condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased
to exist as of December 31, 1991.
United States: The 50 States and the District of
Columbia. Note: The United States has varying degrees of
jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political
entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia,
including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake
Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data
programs may include data from some or all of these areas
in U.S. totals. For these programs, data products will
contain notes explaining the extent of geographic coverage
included under the term "United States."
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any
industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling
application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes and applications
other than electrical generation.
U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.).
Vented Natural Gas: Gas released into the air on the

production site or at processing plants.
Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of
commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing
boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels
operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to
the U.S. Armed Forces.
Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of previous coal processing operations. Waste coal is usually
composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine waste). Most
waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed
combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially
cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible
constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coal
obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,
bituminous gob, and lignite waste.
Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.
Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere
under a pressure of one volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.
Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure
equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an
electric circuit steadily for one hour.
Waxes: Solid or semisolid material derived from petroleum distillates or residues. Waxes are light-colored, more
or less translucent crystalline masses, slightly greasy to the
touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in
which the paraffin series predominates. Included are all
marketable waxes, whether crude scale or fully refined.
Waxes are used primarily as industrial coating for surface
protection.
Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at
the mouth of the well.
Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that
can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps,
mills, and electric power generators.
Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products
derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round
wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust,
forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility
poles, black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite
liquor, and other wood-based solids and liquids.
Working Gas: The volume of gas in a reservoir that is in
addition to the base gas. It may or may not be completely
withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season.
Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be
used more than once during any season.
203

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DOE/EI

Monthly Energy Review

Important Notes About the Data

Released: April 27, 2012

Monthly Energy Review

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jennifer Barrick

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Robert F. King

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicholas Paduano

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey

Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael P. Mobilia

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maureen Klein

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney

Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charlene Harris-Russell

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gwendolyn Bredehoeft

11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith

12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Energy Consumption by Sector

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Section 10. Renewable Energy

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Section 11. International Petroleum

Section 12. Environment

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Energy Consumption by Sector

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Section 10. Renewable Energy

Section 12. Environment

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Energy Consumption by1.Sector

Primary Energy Overview

Consumption, Production, and Imports, 1973-2011

Consumption, Production, and Imports, Monthly

Overview, January 2012

Net Imports, January

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#summary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

2010 January ................

2011 January ................

Notes: See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review April 2012

Primary Energy Production

Crude Oil and NGPLa

Nuclear Electric Power

By Source, January 2012

Natural gas plant liquids.