Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
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HISTORY:
Liberty Group started operation in 1954 and today comprises of five firms, namely Liberty Footwear Company, Liberty Enterprises, Liberty Leathers, Liberty Group marketing Division and Liberty Shoes Limited. The group has an annual turnover of Rs.600 Crores approximately. Liberty has its own studio for design and development of footwear. It manufactures footwear both for export and domestic markets. The company has carved a name for itself in the international market and is Indias largest exporter of footwear to Germany. Liberty Shoes Limited, the public company of the group started commercial production in 1993 and is the countrys leading footwear manufactures today. The company has state of the art production facilities at Libertypuram to manufacturer high quality footwear and its contribution in Liberty Groups total sale is over 30%and its rising steadily.
FOUNDER
Presently all group companies are working under the umbrella of LIBERTY SHOES LTD. Mr.D.P.Gupta, Mr. P.D. Guptaand Mr.R.K .Bansal is the founder of Liberty. In 1944, Mr. P.D. Gupta, despite his family opposition decided to start shoes business. With the name of PAL BOOT HOUSE and investment of Rs.1000/-, Mr. P.D. Gupta along with his brother Mr. D.P. Gupta and his sisters son Mr. R.K. Bansal set up a small shoe business in Karnal city. It was a humble beginning with just 12 workers and production capacity of 24 pairs of shoes per day. But their ambitions were grand. His corporate mission acquired name and fame in domestic market and put Karnal on the countrys map.
The year 1968 was the turning point for liberty, when it got the first export order of 10,000 pairs of footwear from Czechoslovakia. After this, it started export to Hungary, Italy, Sri Lanka, Nepal, U.S., Kenya and Japan.
The group has an annual turnover of Rs.600 crores approximately. Liberty has its own studio for design and development of footwear. It manufactures footwear both for export and domestic markets. The company has carved a name for itself in the international market and is Indias largest exporter of footwear to Germany.
Liberty Shoes Limited, the public company of the group started commercial production in 1993 and is the countrys leading footwear manufacturer today. The company has state of the art production facilities at Libertypuram to manufacture high quality footwear and its contribution in Liberty Groups total sale is over 30% and its rising steadily.
VISION:
To keep us the fantastic growth that liberty has shown ever since its inception.
COMPETITORS:Bata India Ltd. Mirza International Ltd. Relaxo Footwears Ltd. Sarup Tanneries Ltd. Super house Ltd.
Boot & shoe or closed type footwear covering most part of the feet.
BANKERS
Industrial Bank Ltd. Central Bank of India Corporation Bank HDFC Bank The Royal Bank of Scotland N.V. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Present Activities
Second largest footwear manufacturer in the country having fully integrated plants to manufacture various kind of footwear with Annual Production of over 10 million pairs. Annual Turnover: Over US$ 125 Million
LIBERTY is ranked among Top 100 brands in the country. Other 10 Successful National brands, known for its respective segment of footwear
Infrastructure
Various plants spread over 200 acres of land in and around Karnal, Liberty Puram, Gharaunda in Haryana, Dehradun & Roorkee in Uttarakhand, and Punta Sahib in Himachal Pradesh supported by strong Marketing Network having 14 Branch offices 02 Overseas offices 300 Liberty Exclusive Distributors 350 Liberty Exclusive Retail Stores 20 Overseas showrooms
Export Markets
All over the world, mainly with Europe in
Germany United Kingdom France Spain Hungary
Technology
Libertys patented technology HUMANTECH is a combination of human
craftsmanship and technological excellence with following technologies available in the world for Footwear Industry.
Cemented Construction
Direct PU Injection
HUMANTECH
Approach which synergies traditional workmanship with state of the art technology to provide the best quality at the most competitive price. Liberty group companies, set various benchmarks in Footwear Manufacturing within the Groups Production facilities and also to Industry.
CORPORATE PHILOSPHY:
Steeped in a philosophy that has at its core innovation, technology and advancement, we, at Liberty, pride ourselves over and above everything else on our healthy and heart-felt respect for the human ethos. That which projects itself in the expectancy and excitement with which one greets the arrival of the new combined with a sincere and deep regard for the old. That which is appreciative of and adopts at every stage the unique balance between modernization and tradition. Liberty as a brand is constantly evolving to keep pace with the changing trends, styles, beliefs and aspirations of people while maintaining the sanctity of certain traditions like workmanship and good value.
CORPORATE SAGA:
With people as its leitmotif, Liberty has for over 50 years always stayed in touch with the aspirations of every successive generation even as it developed the largest range in the industry catering to every income bracket and age segment. Using the patented 'Humantech' approach that combines the best of talent with the latest in technology. From the price-conscious, value for money seeking buyer to the trendy, global, price-indifferent customer, from the with it all attitude teenager to the conservative seen it all adult just about everybody today finds a good reason for being in Liberty. Liberty is today consolidating and expanding its following which extends from the fashion alleys to the sidewalks with styles that compliment the newest most happening trends and also by turning footwear selling into a byword for personalized service in an ambience and shoe stations in India and abroad.
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THE CREDO:
To ensure that the method we use is the latest technology world-over. To follow the highest standard of honest workmanship in whatever we make. To walk that extra miles to ensure customer satisfaction worldwide. To remain a true cosmopolitan to the spirit. To remain a great corporation to associate with, to work for, to know that:
LIBERTY RANGE:
The family brand style personified with something for every need. Be it formal or casual, at office or at the beach, a conference or a soiree - Liberty fits in effortlessly.
MANUFACTURING:
What gives Liberty the edge is vertically integrated manufacturing infrastructure on technology basis with completely in-house state of the art production facilities which includes 8 DESMA machines for PU Direct Injection, 15 Machines for PVC Direct Injection, 3 Machines for EVA Injection, 3 PU Injection units for unit sole, six lines for cement lasted injection and one machine for the latest TPU Injection. Above production facilities are maintained with focus on environment cleanliness ISES 2000norms, provides a complete range of family footwear of all seasons and occasions, covers the entire domain of industrial safety and health footwear requirements Liberty also has the ISO: 9001-2000 certification for its Quality, Management System, a testimony to all the system and procedures in place. Liberty is a technology driven company Libertys patented technology is combination of human craftsmanship and technological excellence.
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Karnal, Haryana
(Approx.124 from Delhi)
Dehradun, Uttaranchal
(Approx. 300 K.M. from Delhi)
Roorkee, Uttaranchal
(Approx. 150 K.M. from Delhi)
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COMPANY INFORMATION
Board of Directors
Adesh Gupta CEO & Executive Director Shammi bansal Executive Director Adarsh Gupta Executive Director Satish Kumar Goel Director(Law & Taxation) Sunil bansal Director Amitabh Taneja Independent Director Prem Chand Garg Independent Director Raghu Goel Independent Director Siddharth Sanghi Independent Director Surendra Kumar Arya Independent Director Vivek Bansal Independent Director
Audit committee
Sunil Bansal Prem Chand Garg RaghubarDayal VivekBansal
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Remuneration/Selection Committee
RaghubarDayal Prem Chand Garg Surendra Kumar Arya
GROUP COMPANIES:
Liberty Shoes Limited
The company has a turnover exceeding U.S. $100 million and produces more than 50,000 pairs of footwear a day. The company produces varieties of ranges covering virtually every age group and income category. The products are marketed across the globe through 150 distributors, 350 exclusive showrooms and over 6000 multi-brand outlets, and sold in thousands every day in more than 25 countries including fashion-driven, qualityobsessed nations like France, Italy, and Germany.
Liberty Retail Revolutions Limited, the company behind the Revolutions store is a100% subsidiary of Liberty Shoes Limited. The Company is producing more than 50,000 pairs of footwear a day covering virtually every age group and income category. Products are marketed across the globe through 150 distributors, 350 exclusive showrooms and over 6000 multi-brand outlets, and sold in thousands every day in more than 25 countries including fashion-driven, quality-obsessed nations like
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France , Italy , and Germany. Setting new benchmarks in the retail business in India Liberty Retail Revolution scatters to the aspirations of the style-driven in India with an exclusive chain of up market showrooms, Revolutions Concept Stores, at fashion centers across India.Its a concept that has opened new frontiers in retail selling - never seen before fashion hubs, catering to individual styles and looks, in an ambience as magical and exciting as the products lined up a world class range in footwear fashion and accessories.
The newest member of the Liberty Group introduced a range of ceramic sanitary ware and accessories of European design thats inspired by a lifestyle of sheer elegance. Where beauty and functionality achieve perfect harmony. Form compliments finesse. And tradition blends seamlessly into innovation. Produced at a Rs.50 crore state-of-the-art plant at Neemrana Industrial Area of Rajasthan the Beach range of fine bathroom products and accessories including WCs, bidets, washbasins, and shower trays, comprising five distinctive collections each with its own definitive character and style
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BRANDS
This family brand is style personified with something for every need. Be it formal or casual, at office or at the beach, a conference or a soiree Liberty fits in effortlessly.
COOLERS
Theyre cool and theyre hot. Theyre hap and theyre happening. Perfect for those hot summer days. When the sun blisters and the heat strokes, they keep the feet cool and comfortable. But why limit the pleasure to summers?! Heres one brand of sandals that stays cosy and comfy all year round.
FOOTFUN
Something for those little feet as they learn to walk. Airy, light and comfortable with lycra uppers and no laces. In fairy-tale colors and designs.
FORCE-10
The flair, the style and ease that forces the world to take notice. A happening range of sports shoes in far out colors that provides the perfect footnote to a headturning presence.
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FORTUNE
Genuine leather uppers and extra light poly soles help complete the power dressing in men with lan and panache.
GLIDERS
Cool and comfortable, trendy and with it. A range of stunning brogues and smart lace ups that will be noticed and talked about every step of the way.Unmistakably a part of Generation You.
TIPTOPP
Its what Mrs. Junejas of the world love to be seen in. Strappy styles and comfortable heels. And colors that become the envy of all and sundry. Perfect for conquering the neighbourhood in designs that are the latest rage the world over.
WARRIOR
Smart, stylish professional gear crafted from leather uppers and direct injection P.U. soles with steel toe caps and offering the widest range of styles in safety shoes. To master the art of being confident and surefooted on slippery grounds and danger ones.
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WINDSOR
The premium is on lightness, style and comfort which makes it ideal for men who take every challenge effortlessly in their stride.
FREEDOM
A new introduction in the safety footwear segment in Nitrile PVC material, offering customers with waterproof, fire retardant and shock free product in economic range. A safety footwear for industrial use.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Track record of growth in turnover and profits Superior quality Vast experience in domestic and export market
Weaknesses
High prices High lead time Less Variety in sports shoes
Opportunity
Quicker response to customers need To increase share in non leather products
Threats
Heavy competition More aggressive marketing by foreign competitors in sports shoe markets
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Council of Leather Export(CLE), Indias apex body of leather products exporters, during the international leather fair held at Chennai, conferred is highest award the DOYEN OF INDUSTRY upon Mr.P.D.Gupta on 5th Feb.98.
(WPA)-2001.
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LIBERTY OFFICES
REGISTERED OFFICE
Libertypuram, 13thMile Stone, G.T Karnal Road, Kutail, P.O. BASTRA, Distt.Karnal-132001 (Haryana) Tel. (91)-1748-251111-14 Fax. (91)-1748-251100 E-mail:lpm@libertyshoes.com
CORPORATE OFFICE
2ndFloor, Tower-B, DLF Building No.8 DLF Cyber Citi, Phase II, GURGAON(Haryana) Tel. (91)-124-4616200 Fax. (91)-124-4616222 E-Mail:mail@libertyshoes.com
BRANCHES
Ahmadabad, Agra, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu, Kolkata, Mumbai, Rajpura and Saharanpur
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6. Liberty is the only factory in India having water proofing technology approved by SYMPATEX, a name known for water proofing technology worldwide 7. Liberty Management is very thin in size comparing with a huge work force in front line operation.
FINANCIAL
If you think a company that has helped 50 million people think on their feet in style is big stuff, you have seen very little yet. For us the future plans are not something that can be termed as crystal gazing but neatly enclosed ideas idea and deliverables in continuum. We are fast building new brands and products, improving the all times favorites and expending our marketing infrastructure and honing to our skills to further the delight of the consumer. With an overall 25% boom planned each year for the next 5 year you could says that India is only true blue footwear manufacturing multinational is just peaking over the edge.
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DISTRIBUTION NETWORK:
We have distribution network rivals the human arterial system. An reticulate network of retailer showrooms, and exclusive outlets with a reach like blue green marine octopus a structured 2-way feeder-feedback system that both gives and receives an organization of our size would have gone out-of-orbit without a firm support system. Thanks to the vision and drive of our corporate think tank, we now have a sales network that brings the breathtaking world of super footwear right at your feet within seconds. A virtual room service at zero cost, if you will. A marketing system that we have conceived and created, it is understandably, the envy of competition
brands with about 350 Exclusive distributors all over the world. as opposed to the earlier model of expending retail outlets we plan to bring down the number of retailer from5000 to 4000. We do not want retail presence for name shake; the ideas to have real brand presence, Liberty plans to open super premium at Singapore, Kualampur, Dhaka, Colombo and Dubai .The currently exports about 25% of footwear production to Germany, Italy, France, United States and the Middle East.
STRENGTH:
At Liberty we upgrade and re-engineer our design every 6 months so that you have something new, with it and futuristic every time you visit us. Our shoes are much more than just B.E. Witching leather work. We understand that a shoe for you is an extension of your personality. And for one who keeps moving onto to stables of desire loaded with exciting world fashions trends we craft the dreams with the help of Capital Fashion Technologists shut away not in dream bars but with their heart mind son the pulse of future fashion.
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BUILDING:
It mainly consists of eight huge halls meant for manufacturing operation facility, rawmaterial and finished goods storage, cutting sections, PVC Sole Section, PU SoleSection, Administrative Block etc. the design and finishing of building is among thebest.The total area of the building is 170 lacks sq.feet(approx) and total cost of building isaround 550 lacks. The building is of RC framed structure.
MACHINARY:
Five(new technology) injection-molding machines are being used by the company for production purpose. All the machines are imported from Italy and Germany. Production of shoes as well as quality of shoes has been increased and problems by of pasting, this sole cracking Recently have one been new
reduced substantially
technology.
computerized machine has been purchased for cutting leather. It has also been imported from Italy
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES:
Entire production units of Liberty are interlinked by SAP, a unique ERP Solutionimplemented for the first time in India in a Footwear Industry with all modules related with Finance, Logistics & supply chain.It is rare to see such clean, state of the art production facility in India with following management systems and tools.
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1. KAIZEN is implemented since 2000 and in practice throughout the organization. 2. 5 S Concept is introduced and in practice since 2001 and presently in matured stage. The impact of 5S implementation is visible in all dept. and shop floors of the organization. We may even consider these units are the model units for any Footwear Industry. 3. LEAN awareness is existing in all production floors of the organization. Value streams are standardized for most of the regularly produced articles. Now theGroup is in the process of integrating Lean Concept with PP Module of SAPfor controlling the flow. 4. ISO 9001:2000 CERTIFICATION is awarded to QMS of one of its units and Group is in the process of getting for other units. Group is having an appointed MR exclusively for monitoring the Quality System. DNV is theCertifying agency and auditors of the QMS. 5. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is established in one of their unit and itis a pilot project. Wastage Identification, handling and disposal aredocumented and monitored by frequent internal audits 6. WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMis existing in the group. Water wastages almost nil- and water is re-cycled in most of their operations. 7. ISES-2000 norms are followed to ensure the best Social, Health andEnvironmental Standards. This standard is monitored by Indo German Export Promotion Council of India. 8. Liberty is the Committee member for setting the standard for Safety Shoes. The recently released IS: 15298:2000 for Safety shoes is
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followed by Libertyand it is the first in Shoe Industry have applied for Certification to use ISIMark. 9. ENGERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM of Liberty is unique in Footwear Industry. Liberty Units have got lot of incentives / discounts from Haryana State Electricity Board for maintaining maximum Power Factor.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1. Liberty has more than 25 years of experience in Export Business and enjoying Status Holder status as Recognized Export House of India. In 80s when SovietMarket was invaded by Indian Exporters, Liberty was the Market Leader inUSSR. 2. Liberty is having its own office in Russia and Hungary for more than 2 decades. 3. Libertys major operations are mainly with Europe, Middle East, East African, South African countries and USA.4. Major brands of Europe, SALAMANDER, JELA, DEICHMANN, ROMIKA andUSA brands like TODDWELSH are selling only Liberty Shoes under their brand umbrella.
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CONTRIBUTION TO INDUSTRY:
1. Liberty has pioneered in bringing PU Technology to India. Liberty has given a presentation on Footwear foot prints for the future in Asia Pacific Customer Conference 2000 organized by Huntsman
Polyurethane at Singapore on thistechnology. 2. SYMPATEX is a patented technology on Water Proofing recognized worldwide. Liberty is the only company in India having recognition/approval of SYMPATEXon Waterproofing. 3. Safety Shoes are brought to Indian Market for the first time and an exclusivebrand WARRIOR was launched by Liberty in Industrial Segment shoes. Our safety shoes are meeting all DIN / EN standards in respective segments. 4. PU technology was introduced to Government Sector, Liberty has set the standard as member of the BIS Committee. BIS Standard IS: 15298: 2000, applicable for Safety shoes is the Standard on which Liberty is producing Safety shoes for morethan one decade. 5. Liberty Enterprises is the model unit for above Standard and complete testingfacility is available only with Liberty in India after FDDI. 6. Liberty is the First Footwear Manufacturing facility in India awarded with thelatest ISO 9001:2000 Certification. 7. The first and only footwear Industry in India, having SAP ERP with all modulesrelated toInward/Outward supply chain, Materials, Finance and Costing. 8. Liberty has pioneered blend of NITRILE Rubber with PVC in 1996 to make itmore versatile for cold countries usage.
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9. Liberty has developed new material TPE(Thermo Plastic Elastomer) for highquality formal footwear. This material has better properties than PVC or TPR conventionallyused for formal.
SOCIAL CONTRIBUTION:
1. Liberty Footwear Training Institute formed by our Directors is developing thelocal public as technicians of Footwear Industry. 2. Management of Liberty Sponsors the children of Liberty Employees for higher studies gives training and employment after graduation in FDDI. 3. Social and Environmental Standard ISES-2000 is in practice with Liberty. This standard is being monitored by Indo German Export Promotion Project inIndia. 4. The products being used by Liberty are Eco-friendly and providing latesttechnology to Industry when Indian Markets related with Environment &Safety are not even aware about the new standards and technology.
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To study the optimum level of current assets and current liabilities of the Company.
To study the liquidity position through various working capital related Ratio.
To study the working capital components such as receivables accounts, Cash management, Inventory position.
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To know about its financial position and help it in evaluating its financial performance in future To know the strength and weak points of the company
To know how company maintain proper balance between liquidity and profitability. To know how company pay current liabilities in time
To know the reason of the changes in the financial position of the company.
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Definition:According to Guttmann &Dougall- Excess of current assets over current liabilities. According to Park & Gladson- The excess of current assets of a business (i.e. cash, accounts receivables, inventories) over current items owned to employees and others (such as salaries & wages payable, accounts payable, taxes owned to government).
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1. Gross working capital Gross working capital refers to the firm s investment I current assets. Current assets are the assets which can be convert in to cash within year includes cash, short term securities, debtors, bills receivable and inventory.
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2. Net working capital Net working capital refers to the difference between current assets and current liabilities. Current liabilities are those claims of outsiders which are expected to mature for payment within an accounting year and include creditors, bills payable and outstanding expenses. Net working capital can be positive or negative Efficient working capital management requires that firms should operate with some amount of net working capital, the exact amount varying from firm to firm and depending, among other things; on the nature of industries.net working capital is necessary because the cash outflows and inflows do not coincide. The cash outflows resulting from payment of current liabilities are relatively predictable. The cash inflow are however difficult to predict. The more predictable the cash inflows are, the less net working capital will be required.
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Nature of business Size of business Manufacturing Cycle Business Fluctuations Production Policy Firms Credit Policy Availability of Credit Growth and Expansion activities Price Level Changes
3) A combination of them. Long term sources of permanent working capital include equity and Preference
shares, retained earnings, debentures and other long term debts from public deposits and financial institution. The long term working capital needs should meet through long term means of financing. Financing through long term Means provides stability, reduces risk or payment. And increases liquidity of the business concern.
Various types of long term sources of working capital are summarized as follow;
Issue of shares Retained earnings
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Other sources: sale of idle fixed assets, securities received from employees and
Customers are examples of other sources of finance.
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Meeting contingencies adverse changes Available cash discount Solvency and efficiency fixed assets.
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Cash management
Cash is the most liquid asset. It is common denominator to which all other current assets can be reduced because receivable and inventories get converted into cash. Cash is lifeblood of any firm needed to acquire supply resources, equipment and other assets used in generating the product and services.
MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH:1. Transaction motive: - To purchaseraw material and pay for operating expenses. Such as: -wages, salaries, lighting etc.
2. Precautionary Motive:- to meet the future contingencies such as: Floods, Strikes and failures of important customers.
3. Speculative Motive:-It helps to take advantages of: An opportunity to purchase raw materials at a reduced price on payment of immediate cash.
Factors to be considered to determining optimum cash balance: Cash shortage costs. Excess cash balance costs. Procurement and management costs. Compensating balance. Firm capacity to borrow in emergence. Efficiency of management.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is an important pre-requisite for a dynamic organization to be prcised. Research is more systematic activity directed towards the discovery and development of organized body of knowledge. Some of the characteristics of research methodology are as follows: 1. Research is directed towards a solution of problem. It may attempt to answer a question or determine the relation between two or more variables. 2. Research involves gathering new data for primary of first hand sources or using existing data for new purposes. 3. Research is based on observable experience or empirical evidence. 4. Research strives to be objective and logical applying every possible test to validate the proceed are employed the data collection and conclusion research
COLLECTION OF DATA
There are two methods of collection of data which are as follows:-
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Secondary Method
The methodology followed in conducting the study is to collect data regarding footwear production, working capital and its management, need of working capital in Liberty Shoes Ltd. The facts & data were taken from:-
Primary Method
The primary data were collected from asking many individuals, employee of the company. They provide me relevant information for completing my study.
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RATIO ANALYSIS
Meaning of Ratio: - A ratio is simple arithmetical expression of the relationship of
one number to another. It may be defined as the indicated quotient of two mathematical expressions. According to Accountants Handbook by Wixon, Kell and Bedford, a ratio is an expression of the quantitative relationship between two numbers. Ratio Analysis:- Ratio analysis is the process of determining and presenting the relationship of items and group of items in the statements. According to Batty J. Management Accounting Ratio can assist management in its basic functions of forecasting, coordination, control and communication. It is helpful to know about the liquidity, solvency, capital structure and profitability of an organization. It is helpful tool to aid in applying judgment, otherwise complex situations. Ratio analysis can represent following three methods. Ratio may be expressed in the following three ways : 1. Pure Ratio or Simple Ratio: - It is expressed by the simple division of one number by another. For example, if the current assets of a business are Rs. 200000 and its current liabilities are Rs. 100000, the ratio of Current assets to current liabilities will be 2:1. 2. Rate or so Many Times: - In this type, it is calculated how many times a figure is, in comparison to another figure. For example, if a firms credit sales during the year are Rs. 200000 and its debtors at the end of the year are Rs. 40,000, its Debtors Turnover Ratio is 200000/40000 = 5 times. It shows that the credit sales are 5 times in comparison to debtors. 3. Percentage: - In this type, the relation between two figures is expressed in hundredth. For example, if a firms capital is Rs.1000000 and its profit is Rs .200000 the ratio of profit capital, in term of percentage, is 200000/1000000*10 0 = 20%
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4. Helpful in Forecasting. 5. Estimate about the trend of the business. 6. Fixation of ideal Standards.
3.
4.
CLASSIFICATION OF RATIO
According to working capital ratio may be classified in the categories as follows:
Cash Ratio Stock / Inventory Turnover Ratio Debtors or Receivables Turnover Ratio Working Capital Turnover Ratio Profitability Ratio or Income Ratio
LIQUIDITY RATIO
(A) Liquidity Ratio:- It refers to the ability of the firm to meet its current liabilities. The liquidity ratio, therefore, are also called Short-term Solvency Ratio. These ratio are used to assess the short-term financial position of the concern. They indicate the firms ability to meet its current obligation out of current resources. In the words of Saloman J. Flink, Liquidity is the ability of the firms to meet its current obligations as they fall due.
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Liquidity ratio include two ratio a. Current Ratio b. Quick Ratio or Acid Test Ratio
a. Current Ratio: -This ratio explains the relationship between current assets and
current liabilities of a business.
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pay its current liabilities more easily. If the ratio is less than 2:1, it indicates lack of liquidity and shortage of working capital. The biggest drawback of the current ratio is that it is susceptible to window dressing . This ratio can be improved by an equal decrease in both current assets and current liabilities.
b. Quick Ratio: - Quick ratio indicates whether the firm is in a position to pay its
current liabilities within a month or immediately.
Liquid Assets means those assets, which will yield cash very shortly
Significance: -An ideal quick ratio is said to be 1:1. If it is more, it is considered to be better. This ratio is a better test of short-term financial position of the company.
Cash Ratio: - cashratio indicates how many cash& bank available in the hand of the
company and it also include near cash items.
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Inventory turnover ratio: -It measures the speed with which thestock of goods
converts into the sale. It also tells whether the working capital invested in the stock is being used to the maximum extent or not. Stock = (Stock of Finished Goods + Stock of Raw Material + Work in progress)
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FORMULA:Cost of goods sold Average Stock Average Stock = opening stock + closing stock 2 Debtorturnover ratio:This ratio is also known as receivable turnover ratio. It helps in measuring that how efficiently debtors are managed in the business. And how quickly the amount is realized from debtors. FORMULA:
Working capital turnover ratio: -Its measure that how many times working
capital is converted into sales.
FORMULA:NetSale Net working capital Net working capital= Current Assets Current Liabilities
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YEAR
Current Assets Current Liabilities
Current Ratio
CURRENT RATIO
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2.36 3.29 3.15
Fig 1
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INTERPRETATION:
The Ideal Current Ratio is 2:1. The higher the ratio the better it is. The current ratio of the company was 3.29 in 2009-2010 and in 2010- 2011 it was decreased to 3.15.Then it again decreased from 3.15 to 2.36 in 2011-2012 It is not good sign for company but overall it is not bad.
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2. QUICK RATIO:
QUICK RATIO = QUICK ASSETS_ CURRENT LIABILITES
2011-2012
126.51 96.78 1.30
QUICK RATIO
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 QUICK RATIO 1.9 1.83 1.3
INTERPRETATION:
The Ideal Quick Ratio is 1:1 It tells short term financial position of the company and more it is considered to be better. It was 1.90 in 2009-10 and in 2010- 2011 it decreased up to 1.83.Then it again decreased from 1.83 to 1.30 in 2011-2012. It is also not good for the company because its decrease continuously.
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2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
5.15 53.37
.096
4.13 54.75
.075
10.05 96.78
.103
Cash ratio
0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Cash ratio Cash ratio 0.075 0.096 0.103
INTERPRETATION 1. A ratio of 0.5:1 is considered as standard ratio. 2. The cash ratio has increased .096 to.103 in year 2009 to 2012. 3. This reveals that cash ratio of the company increased in 2012 but it is not sound condition.
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INTERPRETATION
The inventory turnover ratio has first decreased from 2.23 to 1.81, and then increased 2.91 in year 2012 This shows that the company start efficient used in generating the inventory into sales in 2011-12 its good sign for company.
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2011-2012
138.02* 66.79 2.06 times
2.09 2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.75 1.7 2009-10
1.84
INTERPRETATION
1. The debtors turnover ratio has first decreased from 2.09 to 1.84, and then increased 2.06 in year 2011-12. 2. This shows that the overall debtor management system is efficient because timely payment received from debtors.
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W C turnover ratio
2.1 2.05 2 1.95 1.9 1.85 1.8 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 W C turnover ratio 1.91 2.09 2.05
INTERPRETATION
1. Working capital ratio of the company was increase 1.91to2.09 in 2011 but decreased to 2.05 in 2012. 2. This shows that the working capital management system is not quite efficient in 2012 but overall it is not bad.
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FINDINGS
Short term liquidity of the company is not good because current ratio is decrease in 2012.
The cash ratio has increased .075 to .103 in year 2012 but it is not in sound condition for company.
Inventory turnover shows that the company start efficient used in generating the inventory into sales in 2012.
Debtor management system is efficient because its start increase in 2012, timely payment received from debtors.
Working capital management system start decrease in 2012 but overall it is not bad.
But overall company is in a stronger position because profits have increased with 10, 08, 27,126 in 2012 which is 9, 20, 30,760 in2011
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CHAPTER-9 CONCLUSIONS
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Conclusion
After studying the various ratios it is calculated that. The current ratio has decreased. Its means the company will not able to meet its current liabilities in short time period. But, the cash position of the company is also not quite favorable but it is increasing in 2012. The inventory management system is efficient as the amount of inventory is properly utilized to generate sales in 2012. The debtor management system is efficient as revealed, by the increasing debtor turnover ratio in 2012 with 2.06. However the overall working capital management is well but working capital turnover ratio has decreased in 2012 with 2.05 But still the company is in a stronger position because profits have increased with 10,
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Following limitations were encountered while preparing this project: 1) Limited data:This project has completed with annual reports; it just constitutes one part of data collection i.e. secondary. There were limitations for primary data collection because of confidentiality.
2) Limited period:This project is based on five year annual reports. Conclusions and recommendations are based on such limited data. The trend of last five year may or may not reflect the real working capital position of the company
3) Limited area:Also it was difficult to collect the data regarding the competitors and their financial information. Industry figures were also difficult to get.
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SUGGESTIONS:-
Short term liquidity of the company is not good because current & quick ratio is decrease in 2012. So, company should focus on it.
The company should improve cash ratio which is increased .075 to .103 in year 2012 but it is not in sound condition for the company. Company can increase cash ratio by reducing credit payment period & collection period for maintain proper cash.
Working capital ratio reduced in 2012 it should improve by increasing sale & profits in coming years. By improving services & quality of product and reduced collection period of debtors for increasing working capital.
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CHAPTER-12 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS Gupta, Shashi K., Management Accounting, Ed.2007, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology, Ed.2007, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi.
MANUAL
25th Annual Reports (2011) 26th Annual Report (2012)
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Particulars Liabilities Share Capital Reserves & Surplus Net Worth Secured Loans Unsecured Loans TOTAL LIABILITIES Assets Gross Block (-) Acc. Depreciation Net Block Capital Work in Progress Investments Inventories Sundry Debtors Cash And Bank Loans And Advances Total Current Assets Current Liabilities Provisions Total Current Liabilities NET CURRENT ASSETS Misc. Expenses TOTAL ASSETS (A+B+C+D+E)
176.49 73.76 102.73 0.05 0.00 102.80 71.58 10.05 44.88 229.31 96.78 2.16 98.94 130.37 0.00 233.16
136.53 53.25 83.28 0.00 17.50 69.71 68.45 4.13 29.69 171.99 54.75 1.44 56.19 115.80 0.00 216.59
131.73 47.08 84.64 0.13 20.34 67.27 70.43 5.15 28.17 171.02 53.37 1.32 54.70 116.32 0.00 221.44
126.06 40.61 85.46 1.55 20.34 76.19 72.41 4.49 27.50 180.59 52.47 2.28 54.75 125.84 0.00 233.19
110.55 35.55 75.01 8.14 17.10 76.17 72.09 4.62 29.72 182.60 52.74 5.20 57.94 124.66 0.00 224.91
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Particulars
Increase or decrease
Sources Of Funds: Shareholders Fund: Equity Share Capital Reserves & Surplus Loan Funds: Secured Loans Unsecured loans 17.04 97.78 103.32 15.06 17.04 81.82 104.03 22.02
Total Application of Funds (i)Fixed Assets: Gross Block (-) Depreciation Net Block (ii)Investment Current Assets (-) Current Liabilities (iii) Net Current Assets
231.64
216.77
Total
231.64
216.77
-14.87
-6.41
All fig. in Crores
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INTERPRETATION:
Application of funds in Net Block Asset is decreased by 12.22%. Current Assets have increased by 2.01% whereas Current Liabilities are increased by 5.82%. Reserves & surplus has also decreased by 16.32% due to the increase in net profit of the company.
Particulars
Increase or decrease
Sources Of Funds: Shareholders Fund: Equity Share Capital Reserves & Surplus Loan Funds: Secured Loans Unsecured loans Total Application of Funds: (i)Fixed Assets: Gross Block (-) Depreciation Net Block (ii)Investment Current Assets (-) Current Liabilities (iii) Net Current Assets 131.73 -47.08 84.64 20.34 171.02 54.70 116.32 -4.30% -13.74% 0.96% 0 5.59% 0.09% 8.18% 17.04 105.3 82.65 16.44 216.58 17.04 97.78 103.32 15.06 231.64 0 -7.52 20.67 -1.38 10.34 0 -7.14% 25% -8.39% 4.67%
Total
216.58
231.64
10.34
4.67%
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