1

Online Homework 10 Solution

Phasors Explained

In this problem, you will answer some basic questions about phasors and
prepare to use them in the analysis of various AC circuits.
In parts A - C consider the four phasors shown in the diagram . Assume
that all four phasors have the same angular frequency .








Part A At the moment t depicted in the diagram, which of the following
statements is true?
Sol:)
I
2
leads I
1
by
2

Part B At the moment shown in the diagram, which of the following
statements is true?
Sol:)
I
2
lags I
3
by
2

Part C At the moment shown in the diagram, which of the following
statements is true?
Sol:)
I
2
leads I
4
by


2
Let us now consider some basic applications of phasors to AC circuits.
For a resistor, the current and the voltage are always in phase.
For an inductor, the current lags the voltage by
2

.
For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by
2

.
Part D Consider this diagram. Let us assume that it describes a series circuit
containing a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor. The current in the circuit has
amplitude I, as indicated in the figure.
Which of the following choices gives the correct respective labels of the
voltages across the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor?
Sol:)
|

\
|
+ = = =
= =
|

\
|
= = =
= = = =

2
cos sin
cos cos
2
cos sin
1
sin cos cos
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0

t X I t I L
dt
dI
L V
t V t R I V
t X I t
C
I
C
Q
V
t
I
Q t I dQ t I
dt
dQ
I
L L
R
C C

So the answer is V
1
V
4
V
2
.
Part E Now consider a diagram describing a parallel AC circuit containing a
resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor. This time, the voltage across each of
these elements of the circuit is the same; on the diagram, it is represented by
the vector labeled V
0
.
The currents in the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor are represented respectively by
which vectors?
Sol:)
For a resistor, the current and the voltage are in phase.
For an inductor, the current lags the voltage by
2

.
For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by
2

.
So the answer is I
1
I
2
I
4
.
3
Constructing a Low-Pass Filter
A series L-R-C circuit is driven with AC voltage of amplitude V
in
and
frequency . Define V
out
to be the amplitude of the voltage across the
capacitor. The resistance of
the resistor is R, the
capacitance of the capacitor
is C, and the inductance of
the inductor is L.

Part A What is the ratio
in
out
V
V
?
Express your answer in terms of either R, , L, and C or R, X
L
= L, and
C
X
C

1
= .
Sol:)
( )
2 2
C L in
X X R I V + =
C out
IX V =
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
1
1
+
=
+
=
LC RC
X X R
X
V
V
C L
C
in
out



Part B Which of the following statements is true in the large limit (that is,
for
L
R
LC
RC
,
1
,
1
>> )?
Sol:)
In the large limite, 1
2
>> LC , RC LC >>
2

2
1

in
out
V
V


Part C Which of the following statements is true in the small limit (that is,
for
L
R
LC
RC
,
1
,
1
<< )?
Sol:)
In the small

limite, 1
2
<< LC , RC LC <<
2

in
out
V
V
is closed to 1.


4
Problem 30.99

In a certain LRC series circuit, when the ac voltage source has a particular
frequency f, the peak voltage across the inductor is 6.0 times greater than
the peak voltage across the capacitor.


Part A Determine f in terms of the resonant frequency f
0
of this circuit.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
Sol:).

0 0
0
0 0
0
4 . 2 6
6
2
1
2
6
2
6
2
2
1 1
f f
LC
f
fC
I fL I
V V
fL I L I V
fC
I
C
I V
o
C L
L
o C
= = =
=
=
= =
= =

5
Problem 30.85

An inductance coil draws 2.2 A dc when connected to a 48 V battery. When
connected to a 60-Hz 120-V (rms) source, the current drawn is 3.8 A (rms).


Part A Determine the inductance of the coil.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
Sol:)

( )
( ) ( )
( )
H 10 1 . 6
Hz 60 2
22 58 . 31
2
2
58 . 31
A 8 . 3
V 120
22
A 2 . 2
V 45
2
2 2
2 2
2 2

=

=

=
+ =
= = =
= = =
f f
R Z
L
fL R Z
I
V
Z
I
V
R
rms
rms

Part B Determine the resistance of the coil.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
Sol:)

= = = 22
A 2 . 2
V 45
I
V
R


6
Problem 30.84

Part A What is the rms current in an RC circuit if R = 5.60 k, C = 2.50 F,
and the rms applied voltage is 230 V at 60.0 Hz?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Sol:)
( )( )
( ) ( )
mA 4 . 40
5700
V 230
5700 1061 5600
1061
F 10 5 . 2 Hz 60 2
1
2
1
2 2 2 2
6
=

= =
= + = + =
=

= =

Z
V
I
X R Z
fC
X
rms
rms
C
C




Part B What is the phase angle between voltage and current?
Sol:)
0 1 - 1 -
7 . 10
5600
1061
tan tan =
(

=
(

=
R
X
C



Part C What is the power dissipated by the circuit?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Sol:)
( )( ) ( ) W 1 . 9 7 . 10 cos 230V 0.0404A cos
0
= = =
rms rms
V I P


Part D What are the voltmeter readings across R?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Sol:)
( )( ) V 226 5.6k 0.0404A = = = R I V
rms R



Part E What are the voltmeter readings across C?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Sol:)
( )( ) V 8 . 42 061 1 0.0404A = = =
C rms C
X I V