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The 8051 Microcontroller Chapter 5 Serial Port Operation

L Ch Thng chithong@hcmut.edu.vn sites.google.com/site/chithong Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller

Serial Port
RXD (P3.0) and TXD (P3.1) pins Full Duplex: simultaneous transmission and reception 2 special function registers: SCON and SBUF SCON: status bits and control bits SBUF: same address but 2 buffers; 1 buffer for transmission and 1 buffer for reception Baud rate (serial port frequency of operation) is supplied and programmed by Timer1

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Serial port block diagram

PS buffer SP buffer

Writing to SBUF loads data to be transmitted Reading SBUF accesses received data
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SCON Register

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SCON Register

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Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

RXD is used for both data input and output Serial data enter and exit (LSB first) through RXD TXD line serves as the clock TXD outputs the shift clock Baud rate = 1/12 fOSC

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Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Transmission is initiated by instruction that writes data to SBUF (eg. MOV SBUF,A)

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Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Reception is initiated when REN is 1 and RI is 0 Set REN at the beginning of a program Clear RI to begin a data input operation

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Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

One application of shift register mode is to expand the out capability of the 8051 A serial-to-parallel shift register IC can be connected to the 8051 TXD and RXD lines to provide an extra output lines

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Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter A data frame includes a start bit (low), data bits, and a stop bit (high). A parity bit is sometimes inserted between the last data bit and the stop bit. Mode 1: 10 bits are transmitted on TXD or received on RXD, including a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). The stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. Baud rate is set by the Timer 1 overflow rate.
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Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Transmission is initiated by writing to SBUF. TI is set at the end of character transmission and indicates transmit buffer empty.
WAIT:JNB TI,WAIT ;Check TI until set CLR TI ;Clear TI MOV SBUF,A ;Send character
stop

synchronization event
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Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition on RXD. 1. The stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. 2. SBUF is loaded with 8 data bits. 3. RI is set at the end of character reception and indicates receiver buffer full. Conditions for reception: 1. RI=0, and 2. SM2=0, or SM2=1 and the received stop bit = 1
WAIT:JNB RI,WAIT ;Check RI until set CLR RI ;Clear RI MOV A,SBUF ;Read character
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Serial Port Baud Rates

1MHz (12 MHz crystal)

375K/187.5K (12 MHz crystal)

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To set SMOD: MOV A,PCON SETB ACC.7 MOV PCON,A

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Using Timer 1 as the Baud Rate Clock

Usually use Timer 1 Mode 2 to provide baud rate clock Baud Rate = Timer 1 overflow rate / 32 (SMOD=0) Baud Rate = Timer 1 overflow rate / 16 (SMOD=1) Eg. Calculate Timer 1 overflow rate to provide 1200 baud operation (12 MHz crystal) fOSC = 12 MHz fCLK = 1 MHz TCLK = 1 s Assume SMOD=0: Timer 1 overflow rate = 1200 x 32 = 38.4 KHz Toverflow = 1/38.4 kHz = 26.04 s An overflow requires Toverflow/TCLK 26 clocks The reload value for Timer 1 is -26
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Error in Baud Rate

Due to rounding, there is a slight error. Generally, a 5% error is tolerable. Exact baud rates are possible using an 11.0592 MHz crystal. Eg. Calculate Timer 1 overflow rate to provide 1200 baud operation (11.0592 MHz crystal) fOSC = 11.0592 MHz TCLK = 12/11.0592 s Assume SMOD=0: Timer 1 overflow rate = 1200 x 32 = 38.4 KHz Toverflow = 1/0.0384 [s] An overflow requires Toverflow/TCLK = 24 clocks The initial value for Timer 1 is -24
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Baud Rate Summary

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Initialize the Serial Port

ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-26 SETB TR1 ;Serial port mode 1 ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 1200 baud ;start Timer 1

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Initialize the Serial Port (SMOD=1)

ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV A,PCON SETB ACC.7 MOV PCON,A MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-26 SETB TR1 ;Serial port mode 1 ;SMOD=1 ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 2400 baud ;start Timer 1

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Example 1: Transmission
Assume a 10-byte string of data is stored in the internal RAM from the location 30H. Write a program that sends this string to the 8051 serial port (1200 baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz)
ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-24 SETB TR1 MOV R2,#10 MOV R0,#30H LOOP: MOV A,@R0 ACALL SEND INC R0 DJNZ R2,LOOP SJMP DONE SEND: JNB TI,$ CLR TI MOV SBUF,A RET DONE: NOP END
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

;Serial port mode 1 ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 1200 baud ;start Timer 1 ;number of loops ;starting address ;get data ;send data ;increase pointer ;loop 10 times ;transmit buffer empty? No:check again ;yes: clear flag and ; send data ;return
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Your Turn!
Assume that a string of data is stored in internal RAM at address 30H to 50H. Write a program that sends this string to serial port using UART 8-bit, 2400 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal.

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Solution
Assume that a string of data is stored in internal RAM at address 30H to 50H. Write a program that sends this string to serial port using UART 8-bit, 2400 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal.
ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-12 SETB TR1 MOV R0,#30H LOOP: MOV A,@R0 ACALL SEND INC R0 CJNE R0,#51H,LOOP SJMP DONE SEND: JNB TI,$ CLR TI MOV SBUF,A RET DONE: NOP Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie END

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Example 2: Reception
Write a program that receives a 20-byte string from the 8051 serial port (2400 baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz) and then stores in the internal RAM from the location 40H.
ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-12 SETB TR1 MOV R2,#20 MOV R0,#40H LOOP: ACALL RECEIVE MOV @R0,A INC R0 DJNZ R2,LOOP SJMP DONE RECEIVE: JNB RI,$ CLR RI MOV A,SBUF RET DONE: NOP END Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie ;Serial port mode 1 ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 2400 baud ;start Timer 1 ;number of loops ;starting address ;receive data ;store data ;increase pointer ;loop 20 times

;receive buffer full? No: check again ;yes: clear flag and ; receive data ;return
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Your Turn!
Write a program that receives a 20-byte string from serial port using UART 8-bit, 4800 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal, and then writes data to internal RAM from address 40H

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Problem 1

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Problem 2

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Mode 2: 9-Bit UART with Fixed Baud Rate

Mode 2: 11 bits are transmitted on TXD or received on RXD, including a start bit (0), 9 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On transmission, the 9th bit is whatever has been put in TB8 in SCON. On reception, the 9th bit received is placed in RB8 in SCON. Baud rate is either fOSC/64 (SMOD=0) or fOSC/32 (SMOD=1)

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Mode 3: 9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

9-bit UART: same as mode 2 Variable baud rate: same as mode 1

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Adding a Parity Bit

A common use for the 9th bit is to add parity to a character. The P bit in PSW register is set or cleared to establish even parity with 8 bits in A register. Eg. Put even parity bit in TB8, which becomes the 9th data bit to be transmitted:
MOV C,P ;put even parity bit in C flag MOV TB8,C ;and move to the 9th data bit MOV SBUF,A;move from A to SBUF to transmit

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Adding a Parity Bit

Eg. Put odd parity bit in TB8, which becomes the 9th data bit to be transmitted:
MOV C,P ;put even parity bit in C flag CPL C ;convert to odd parity MOV TB8,C ;and move to the 9th data bit MOV SBUF,A;move from A to SBUF to transmit

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Example 3
Assume a 10-byte string of 8-bit ASCII codes is stored in internal RAM from the location 30H. Write a program that transmits this string out the 8051 serial port (4800 baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz) with odd parity added as the 9th bit

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Example 3
ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#11010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-6 SETB TR1 MOV R2,#10 MOV R0,#30H LOOP: MOV A,@R0 MOV C,P CPL C MOV TB8,C ACALL SEND INC R0 DJNZ R2,LOOP SJMP DONE SEND: JNB TI,$ CLR TI MOV SBUF,A RET DONE: NOP END
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;Serial port mode 3 (9-bit) ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 4800 baud ;start Timer 1 ;number of loops ;starting address ;get data ;put even parity bit in C flag ;convert to odd parity ;and move to the 9th data bit ;send data ;increase pointer ;loop 10 times ;check TI empty? No: check again ;yes: clear flag and ; send data ;return

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Example 4
Assume a 10-byte string of 7-bit ASCII codes is stored in internal RAM from the location 30H. Write a program that transmits this string out the 8051 serial port (4800 baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz) with odd parity added as the 8th bit
ORG 0000H MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#-6 SETB TR1 MOV R2,#10 MOV R0,#30H LOOP: MOV A,@R0 CLR ACC.7 MOV C,P CPL C MOV ACC.7,C ACALL SEND INC R0 DJNZ R2,LOOP SEND: JNB TI,$ CLR TI MOV A,SBUF RET END
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

;Serial port mode 1 (8-bit) ;Timer 1 mode 2 ;reload count for 4800 baud ;start Timer 1 ;number of loops ;starting address ;get data ;clear the 8th bit of A ;put even parity bit in C flag ;convert to odd parity ;and move to the 8th bit of A ;send data ;increase pointer ;loop 10 times ;check TI empty? No: check again ;yes: clear flag and ; send data ;return
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Multiprocessor Communications
When SM2=1, reception is done only if RB8=1. The master first sends out an address byte that has 1 in the 9th bit. So all slave can receive the address byte and examine it to test if it is being addressed. The addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data bytes that follow. The 9th bit in data byte is 0. The slaves that were not addressed leave their SM2 bits set and ignore the incoming data bytes

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References
I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller Cc ti liu trn Internet khng trch dn hoc khng ghi tc gi

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