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Fisiki G Lykeiou Voithima
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Fisiki G Lykeiou Voithima
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:
[ ...:
x(t), (t), (t) .
F = f(x) ...
.
...
U =
1
D x 2 ()
2
+U = .
U
x t.
[ :
T q(t), i(t)
.
.
U(t) U(t), (t)
, +U= .
.
[ & :
,
b
.
= f(t) b=0, b b .
.
An
A n+1
.
q= f (t) R= 0, R R ,
.
.
f b
. .
,
,
R. .
[ :
..., ,
. = 0
= 180.
(1.33)
f = f1 f 2
.
1 1 .
: -
1.
:
:
:
:
x=A(t+ 0)
= max(t+ 0)
max=A
=- 2A(t+ 0)=- 2x
F=-Dx
T = 2
1
U = D x2
2
m
D
:
1
K = m 2
2
2. L - C
:
:
:
q=Qt
i=- I t I=Q
T = 2 LC
q2
2C
1
2
: U B = L i
2
: U E =
3. -
:
:
F=-b
n=0e-t, t = NT
4.
. x1=A1t, x2=A2(t+)
... : x=A (t+)
A = A12 + A 2 2 + 2A1 A 2
A 2
A1 + A 2
. x1=A1t, x2=A1t, 1 2
:
1 + 2
2
t
= 2A 1
t
2
2
f = f1 f 2
:
x = A
1 2 .
1.
1
... :
F = D x
=-2.x
F=m.
:
F=-m.2.x
m . 2 , D .
:
F=-D.x
()
,
.
2
...
.
2
D=m.2 =2 / D = m
T
T = 2
m
D
... U =
.
1 2
Dx
2
1 3 .
.. F
, : F=D.x
F=f(x),
.
1
1
W = (OAB) = Dx x = Dx 2
2
2
W F
.
4
... :
K + U = .
A :
x=A(t+0)
1
= m 2
2
U=
=(t+0)
1
Dx2 :
2
1
1
2
2
U= DA22(t+0)
= m 2(t+0)
2
2
:
D=m2 2(t+0) + 2(t+0) =1 :
1
+U = Dx2 =
2
5
,
:
= 2 x 2
i. .... U+K=
1
1
1
Dx2 + m2= DA2 m2x2+m2=m2A2
2
2
2
1 4 .
2x2+ 2 =2A2 2 =2(A2-x 2)
ii. :
x=A(t+0) =A(t+0)
.
:
x2
2
+
= 2(t+0)+2(t+0)
A 2 2 2
x2
2
+
= 1 2=2 . (A2 - x2)
2
2
2
A
: n=0e -t , t= NT.
.
An
=e T = .
An+1
En
=e2T = .
En+1
A 0 e n
An
An
An
n + ( n+1)
=
=e
= e
n+1
(
)
A n+1 A 0 e
A n+1
A n+1
1
2
DA 2n
En
En An
En
2
=
=
= e
.
1
E n+1
E n+1 A n+1
E n+1
DA 2n+1
2
( )
= e 2
, ... :
x1=A1t x2=A1t
;
x :
x = x1+ x2 x = ( 1t+2t)
:
+ = 2
(1)
+
2
2
1 5 .
2
+ 2
1t + 2 t = 2 1
t 1
2
2
(1) (2) :
:
2
x = 2A 1
2
+ 2
t 1
t (2)
(3)
2
t
2A 1
2
(3) :
+ 2
x = A 1
t
(4)
2
(4) , ,
-.
.
:
8
1 + 2
1 2
2
;
.
( )
, .
(4) o =0 :
2 t
1 2
t=0 1
= (2k +1)
2
2
2
= 0 = 1 :
1 2
2
2
:
t1 =
= t = t2 t1 =
1 2
2
t2 =
3
2
2
1
T =
1 2
f1 f 2
1 6 .
.
2003.
1.
: 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7
- : 1.28, 1.32, 1.37, 1.41, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48
2.
L - C
: 1.12, 1.13, 1,16,
- : 1.43, 1.49, 1.50
3.
-
- : 1.18, 1.19, 1.21, 1.26
. :
& /
1:
: 1.1, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.8
: 1, 3, 6, 9
: 1.2, 1.4, 1.7, 1.8,
1: . 27
2:
: 1.9, 1.11, 1.13,
1.14, 1.15
: 2, 3, 6, 9, 10
: 1.12, 1.13, 1.17, 1.18
1, 2: . 42-44
1 7 .
3:
: 1.16, 1.19, 1.20
: 1, 2, 5, 6, 8
: 1.20, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24
1: . 53
4:
: 1.21, 1.22, 1.23
: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8
: 1.25, 1.31, 1.32
. :
& / 1
( - )
1.
: 1.5, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, 1.18
: 5, 7, 14, 15
: 1.49, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57
2.
L - C
: 2.4, 2.6, 2.10, 2.11, 2.14, 2.28
: 2, 4, 6, 7
: 2.38, 2.42, 2.47, 2.48
3.
-
: 3.6, 3.9, 3.10, 3.12, 3.15
: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8
: 3.40, 3.43, 3.44, 3.48
4.
: 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11
: 1, 3, 4, 5, 8
: 4.15, 4.16, 4.20
1 8 .
1. m=1 kg ...
.
. D .
. x=f(t) =f(t)
. = 0 ;
G
G
2 = 10
. F ;
:
. : =1 s : =
: D= m.2
2
= 2 rad / s
D=40 /m
1
= DA 2
2
:
. 2=8 rad/s2 (40 /m)=8 rad/s2 A=0,2m
max=8 rad/s2
:
1
40 0, 22 J = 0,80 J
2
. :
=8 2t +
2
S.I.
1 9 .
H /2 rad
rad. :
=0,4 ( 2t )
x=0,2 2t (S.I.)
2
. max. A :
0, 0,5s,
1s, 1,5s
.
G
G
..T. . ..T. F
. A :
0 - 0,25s,
0,5s - 0,75s, 1s - 1,25s, 1,5s - 1,75s
2. To m=2 kg
k=200 N/m, . .
.. .
0 = 3 m/s ,
t=0 y>0.
. y=f(t).
. ;
.
t=0;
. .
:g=10 m/s2
:
. .I.:
B = F mg = k y1 y1 = 0,1m
- , :
y=A (t+ 0 )
: ...T. ...
:
U + K =
1 2 1
1
D=K
Dy1 + m0 2 = DA 2
A=0,2m .
2
2
2
2 0 .
D
K
=
= 10rad/s
m
m
t =0
y = A (t + 0 )
0,1 = 0, 20 0 =
y = 0,1m
0 =
0 =
2
6
5
rad 0 = rad
6
6
t=0 y>0 = 0 < 0 .
0 =
5
rad
6
y = 0, 2 10t + S.I.
6
1
1
2
K x max 2 = K ( y1 + A ) = 9 J
2
2
. ., :
. U ,max =
5
5
5
= k
0 = 0, 2 10t + 0 = 10t + 10t +
6
6
6
= 10t = t = s (1 )
=0 ., = 1: 10t +
6
6
60
= 2 : 10t +
5
7
= 2 t = s ( 2 )
6
60
. F = D y = 0
3.
k=200 N/m - m=2 kg ...
max :
K max = 4 J
. .
.
4
F = (S.I.) .
5ln2 .
b
=
,
2m
4
e = 0,045 .
2 1 .
:
. :
Umax=Kmax
1
1
N
D A 2 = 4 J 200 A 2 = 4 J A = 0, 2 m
2
2
m
T=
. : A5 = A 0 e 5An2
:
A5 =
1
5 An2
0, 2 e 5
= 0 E 5 =
=
D
K
=
= 10 rad/s
m
m
2
= /5 s
b
4
1
=
=
= s 1
2m 2 2
A5 = 0, 2 e An2 m =
0, 2
m = 0,1m
2
1
1
1
DA 02 DA52 = D A 02 A 52
2
2
2
1
200 0, 22 0,12 J = 3J
2
4. ... ,
A = 0,25 m T=2 s.
, 2kg.
. ,
y .
. ,
;
. , - ,
=0,25 m;
: 2 = 10 g = 10 m/s2
:
.
G
F
G
.
2 2 .
F = D y F mg = D y F = mg m2 y
F = mg m
42
2
F = 2 - 2 y 0, 25 m y 0, 25 m
. F>0
, :
, : F = 0
:
2 2y 0 y 1 m
y max = 1 m
. F 0 mg m2 y 0 g 4 2 f 2 y 0
g 4 2 f 2 y
f2
4 y
y = A , :
2
g
4 A
2
5.
2
= f max
f max = 1Hz
F=20 N. T t=0 F
. :
=200 N/m, m=2 kg g=10 m/s2.
. ; t=0 x>0.
.
t=0 ;
.
F=f(t);
. max/2;
;
. ;
2 3 .
. , F, (1) :
F=0 mg - F - F = 0 F = 0 l=0
(...)
(.. 2) :
F=0 mg - Kx1=0 mg=Kx 1 x1=0,1 m
=x1=0,1 m
D=K m 2 =K =10 r/s
t = 0 x= A (x>0)
:
:
:
0 =
rad
2
x=0,1 10t + S.I.
2
D=K
U = 1 2 10t + S.I.
U = D x 2
2
2
. max= . = 1 m/s
.... F.
1 2
1
WF= WF() = mmax
0 WF() = 2 12 J WF() = 1J
2
2
2 4 .
. F = -Dx F -mg = - Kx F= mg -Kx F=20-20 10t + S.I.
2
. : ... .
U+ =
2
2max
1
1 max
1
3
D=K
2
2
2
K x1 + m
D x1 + m
= DA
= KA 2 x1 =
m
2
2 2
2
4
20
:
:
=max 10t +
2
=-max/2 ( )
10t + = 2 +
2
3
10t + =
2
2
2
10t + = 2
3
2
=0
(1)
t=
s
60
=1
(2)
(1)
(2)
t=
5
s
60
:
x=
3
3
m, x=
m
20
20
p
p
= F
= D x . :
t
t
p
= K A = 20 N
t max
6. LC .
L=10-2H.
:
q=10-2 t S.I.
1C/s. :
.
t=5 . 10 -3 s.
x=0,1 10t +
2
2 5 .
. ()
.
.
;
:
.
q
q
=i
t
t
=I
max
=Q =
1
= 2 rad/s = 100 rad/s
Q
10
2
2
T=
= s
50
1
LC
C=
1
L2
C = 10 2 F
U B
U B
V =V
P =V i
= PL
= VL i
t
t
L
U B
V =q/C
= VC i
t
C
U B q
= i , : q=10-2 (100.5.10-3) = 0,:
t
C
1
1
. U B = L i 2 = 102 12 2100t = 5 103 2100t
2
2
U B
=0
t
S.I.
U B =f(t).
t = 5. 103 s
/4,
.
. P L=V L i =V ci=
:
Q
Q
Q
t ( t ) =
t t =
2t
C
C
2C
PL,max
102 1
Q
J = 0,5J
=
=
2 102
2C
2 6 .
7..
,
.
. t=0.
;
;
. q, i t.
.
UE=UB; 2 ;
: R= 20, =40V, L=10-2 H, C=4 F
:
. .
Ohm :
I=
40 V
E
=
= 2
r + R 20
H :
U =
1
1
L 2 U = 10 -2 2 2 J U =0,02 J
2
2
: VC=V=V
V=0 .
:
VC=0
UE=0.
. L-C
. t=0
o ,
I= 2A
t=0
, .
.
Q :
1
I = LC
I = Q Q =
Q = I LC Q = 2 4 108 C = 4 10-4 C
2 7 .
. t=0 q=0 i=, o :
q=Q (t+)
i= (t+)
.
t=0 i= :
= = 1 = /2
i= (t - /2) = 2 (5000t)
S.I.
q=Q(t - /2) q=410-4 (5000t) S.I.
. ... :
:
U=
UE+UB=
1
q 2 1 Q2
Q
= 2 2 10-4 C
=
q=
2
2C 2 2C
2
q = 2 2 10-4 C 2
.
5000t = 2k +
4
2 2 10 -4 = 4 10 -4 (5000t) (5000t) =
2
5000t = 2k + -
k=0 :
t1 =
s,
20000
t2 =
3
s
20000
8.
x = 0,4 e -ln8t (t)
:
t=2 50%, :
. ,
. ,
. .
:
. o , :
(1)
= A0e-t
:
= 3. ln2 s-1
A0=0,4 m = ln8 s-1
t=2T :
2 8 .
1
- ln8 2T = -ln2
2
1
ln23 2T = ln2 3 ln2 2T = ln2 T = s
6
0, 2 = 0, 4 e-ln8 2T e-ln8 2T =
. :
1/2=2=1/3 s
. :
E n = E 0 e 2t
(1)
1
D A 02
2
t=n.T
E0 =
n = 0 / 2 (1) :
0
1
ln2
= E 0 e-2t1 = e-2t1 ln2 = 2t1 t1 =
=1/6 s
2
2
2
1
H,
9
R1=25 , R 2=100 .
20V. .
1 , 6.
.
:
9. C=20 mF,
:
:
: q=0,
:
L=
1
U E,max = CV 2
2
1
U E,max = 20 10-3 202 J U E,max = 4 J
2
=6
1
11 2
U B,max = Li 2 U B,max =
6 J U B,max = 2 J
2
29
2 9 .
.
UE,max - UB,max=QR,
QR, = 2 J
, .
Q1 2 R1 R1
Q1 R1
Q1 25
Q1 1
=
=
:
=
=
=
Q2 2 R 2 R 2
Q2 R 2
Q 2 100
Q2 4
A :
Q1 + Q 2 = 2 J
: Q1=0,4 J
Q2=1,6 J
10. m=4 kg
=0,4 m,
K = 400 N/m ,
f =
3
Hz .
t = 0
, .
.
.
.
f =
4
Hz . ;
. m1 ,
;
b .
:
. f, :
= 2 f = 6 rad / s ,
x = 0, 2 (6t)
E =
=0,4 m
S.I.
DA 2 m2 2
=
= 11,52 J
2
2
0=0.
3 0 .
. H :
f0 =
1 10
Hz
=
2 m
, f f 0
f
(f
< f < f 0 , -
.
. , :
f = f0 f =
2 m1
m1 = 4 Kg
D = m2 D = K, .
b ,
f = f0 .
11.
, , :
x1= 3 10t x2=1. 10t + x1, x2 cm t s.
3
6
. .
. m=1 kg.
. x=1 cm.
:
. :
=2 1=+/2 rad
:
x=. 10t +
3
:
A =
( 3)
+12 + 2 3 1 cm = 2 cm
2
3 1 .
1
1
2
=
=
= rad
6
3
3 +1
2
x=2. 10t - + (x cm, t s)
3 6
1
1
E = D 2 = m 2 2
2
2
. :
:
1
E = 1102 2 102
2
J E = 2 10-2 J
. : ... .
U+ =
1
1
1
D x 2 + m 2 = DA2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
x + = A
D x 2 + m 2 = DA2
= 3 m/s
12. :
y = 8 ( 2t ) ( 202t )
( y cm,
t s )
.
.
.
.
. t = 2s ;
. . :
,
,
.
3 2 .
-
. : y = 2A 1 2
2
:
+ 2
t 1
t
2A = 8cm A = 4cm
1 2
= 2rad/s
1 = 204 rad/s
2
1 + 2
2 = 200 rad/s
= 202rad/s
y1 = 4 ( 204t ) , y 2 = 4 ( 200t )
. :
( y1 , y 2 cm, t s )
f = f1 f 2 =
t = 2 s :
t
2
=
= 4 .
/2
2
Hz
3 3 .
1. To =f(t) m=2 Kg ...
.
. : D, y=f(t) =f(t).
. U=K 3 ;
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
3 4 .
2.
m 1 = 1kg ... , =100 N/m, -
2 m/s. m1
, m 2 = 2kg .
. m ;
.
T2
;
T1
. ;
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
3.
m=1Kg
K1=120N/m, K2=80 N/m .
. 0,2 m
.I. , ...
.
.
.
.
.
3 5 .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4. m1=2Kg
= 400 /m, . m2=m1
t0=0 . t 0=0
. g=10m/s2.
. .
. x=f(t).
. .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3 6 .
5. m=10 Kg
.
... 0,2 m
- .
. .
. y= f(t)
= f(t).
.
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
6. L - C,
:
i = 2 10 3 1000t S.I.
L=0,25 H.
:
.
.
. .
-3
. i = 10 A .
. UE=UB 2 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3 7 .
...........................................................................................................................
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7.
:
=50 V, r=5 , R=10 , C=20
F L=2 m.
1
2. , - 2 1, t=0.
. LC - .
.
.
.
1/2 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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3 8 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8. :
R=4 , L=1mH
. 1
32 J/s,
4 . .
. 2, t=0. ;
;
. .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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9.
y = 0, 2 e -ln8 t (t)
3 9 .
. t=4
50%, ,
.
. -
5
Hz ,
0,4 m. t = 0 .. ,
>0. m=2 kg K=200 N/m.
.
.
. . ;
f =
...........................................................................................................................
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10.
m=1 kg
, , :
x1= 2 3 (10t ) x2=2 10t + x1, x2 cm t s.
2
. x - t .
4 0 .
. .
. x=2 cm.
...........................................................................................................................
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11.
, , =4 cm f1=200 Hz f2=202 Hz.
. .
. ;
. 4,1 s;
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4 1 .
1
. To =f(t)
... .
.
1. T 0, 2s, 4s
.
2. T 0, 2s, 4s
.. .
3. T 1s 3s .
4. T 2,5s .
5. : x=t
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. ... .
. ;
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. , L-C, :
1. ,
2. ,
3. ,
4. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4 2 .
. :
1. ,
2. ,
3. ,
4. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2
. ... : F= - D.x
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. L - C 2L - 2C
. :
E, T, Q.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. f ,
b.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. :
An
= e
A n+1
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4 3 .
3
m=0,1 kg
:
x=0,05(10t + ) S.I.
. = f(t) =f(t)
.
( 7)
3
( 8)
s.
20
. , F=-0,2 S.I. 0/4.
( 10)
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4
L=4mH, C=10 F Vmax=10 V,
t=10-4 s t=0 .
4 4 .
. q ,
.
( 8)
. UB=3UE.
. UB=3UE, 1 ;
( 7)
( 5)
. To VC t .10-4 s.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
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[ :
.
,
x ( ) t.
...
, .
.
[ :
.
.
[ :
,
.
.
- () /4.
.
.
[ / :
/ /
.
.
/ ,
/ .
, .
.
Snell
.
, crit.
4 7 .
KYMATA: -
1. :
= . f
2. :
y=A. 2
t x
+ 0
3. (y=A t):
.
t r1 + r2
r1 r2 .
2
2
T
y=2A .
r1 r2
= 2
:
:
r1-r2=N.
r1-r2=(2.N+1)./2
N=0, 1, 2,...
4.
:
x
y= 2 2 . 2
T
x
= 2 2
:
:
x=N ./2
x=(2N+1)./4
N=0, 1, 2,...
5.
. E / :
t x
t x
E = Emax 2 , = max 2 , c =
T
. :
=
c
. :
n=
IV. Snell:
n n = nb b
V. :
ncrit =
n=
nb
(nb < n )
n
n nb
=
b n
4 8 .
1
.
(.. )
xx . , ,
... :
y =A t
(1)
x t1= x t=0.
:
y =A t
(2)
: t = t-t1=t- x ( x ).
(2) :
tx
y =A. t x y =A.
x
t
t x
y =A. 2
y=A. 2 -
(3)
xx.
:
2
t x
y=A. 2 +
,
.
1 2, ,
4 9 .
:
y1=A.t
.
, ()
,
. y
.. , y1 y2, . :
y=y1+y2
(1)
t r
t r
y1=A. 2 1 y2=A. 2 2
(1) :
:
t r
t r
(*)
y=A. 2 1 +A. 2 2
:
r -r
t r -r
y=2A. 1 2 .2 - 1 2
T 2
(2)
r -r
,
=2A. 1 2
.
... ,
.
(*)
+ = 2
+
2
2
. , :
r r
1 2 =0
5 0 .
(=0) .
:
r1 r2
= ( 2k +1) r1 - r2 = ( 2k +1)
2
. , :
: k=0, 1, 2,...
r r
1 2 = 1
=2
.
:
r1 r2
= k r1 - r2 =k.
: k=0, 1, 2,...
4
.
. :
, f, .
xx . , (x).
,
, , :
t x
(1)
y1=A. 2
,
, :
t x
(2)
y2=A. 2 +
y .. , y1 y2.
t x
t x
y=y1+y2 y=A. 2 +A. 2 +
(*) :
(3)
5 1 .
x
t
y=2A. 2 . 2
T
(4)
x
=2A. 2
.
(5)
... ,
.
(*)
+ = 2
+
2
2
. , :
2x
=0
(=0) .
:
2x
= ( 2k +1) x = ( 2k +1)
2
4
. , :
: k=0, 1, 2,...
r r
1 2 = 1
=2
.
:
2x
= k x = k
: k=0, 1, 2,...
x=0
6
1.
1 2 ( ). Snell :
5 2 .
n1 = n 2 =
n2
n1
:
=0
, , Snell :
=0
n2<n1 Snell :
<
=90 Snell :
n2
n1
()
crit . :
n2
n1
>
.
5 3 .
.
2003.
: 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.8, 2.11, 2.22, 2.25, 2.28
- :
2.30, 2.32, 2.35, 2.39, 2.45, 2.48, 2.49, 2.50, 2.52
. :
& /
5
: 2.4, 2.6
:
1, 2, 5, 7
:
2.1, 2.4, 2.5
1:
. 89
6
: 2.8, 2.9, 2.12
:
4, 5, 7, 8
:
2.9, 2.13, 2.14
:
. 106
7
:
:
:
- -
2.16, 2.19, 2.20
2, 5, 6
2.15, 2.17, 2.19
5 4 .
. :
& / 1
( - )
5.
: 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.30, 5.33
: 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11
: 5.37, 5.40, 5.41, 5.43, 5.47
6.
-
: 6.5, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.16, 6.27
: 1, 3, 5, 7, 10
: 6.34, 6.36, 6.39, 6.42
7.
-
: 7.1, 7.2, 7.5, 7.12, 7.24
: 1, 2, 4, 5
: 7.20, 7.22, 7.27, 7.28
5 5 .
1.
t 0.
t = 0
= 2m / s . :
. t 0.
. .
. -x t 0.
. , x = 3, 3m
0,1m .
. -t y-t x = 2,4m .
. , , /2.
:
. t 0 =
.
x 2,7
=
= 1,35s
9
9
= 2,7 = 1, 2m T = 1,35 T = 0,6s
4
4
x
t
:
y = 0, 22
S.I.
0,6 1, 2
x
1,35 x
,
0 x 2,7 m
. = 2
= 4,5
0,6
0,6 1, 2
.
(1)
5 6 .
. (1) :
3,3
t
0,1 = 0, 2 2
0,6 1, 2
33
t
=
2
0,6 12 6
2, 4
t
. = 2
0,6 1, 2
t = 1,7s
x
t
= 2
- 2 t = 1, 2s
0,6
2, 4
t
y p = 0, 2 2
0,6 1, 2
y p = 0, 22
- 2
0,6
. (1):
t
x
y = 0, 4 2
+
+
0,15 0,3
= f
= f
T =
S.I.
= 0,3m
4
1
1
T
0,6s
T =
T = T =
T = 0,15sec
f
4f
4
4
2.
xx. () xx. H
:
x
t
y = 10 2 x, y cm, t s
T 20
. t1
5 7 .
x A = 10cm rad. -
B x B = 12,5cm
.
() () t = 0, 25s .
.
() x = 35cm .
=0;
. () m = 10 3 Kg
t =
11
s.
3
2 = 10 .
:
t x
. y = 102
= 10cm
T 20
1 1
=
= 20cm
t x
y = A2
20
t x
= 2
T 20
t1 :
2t
t x
t 10
t 1
= 2 1 A = 2 1 1 = 2 1 1 = 1 1
T 20
T 20
T 2
t
2t
1 + 1 = 2 1 2 = 1 t1 =
t1 :
x
t
12,5
y B = 102 1 y = 102
20
T 20
y = 102 (1 0,625 )
y B = 10 ( 20,375 ) y B = 10
y B = 10
y B = 10
3
3
y B10
4
4
2
y B = 5 2cm
2
5 8 .
. x = x B x A = 12,5 10 = 2,5cm ,
.
x = t =
x
2,5
cm
=
= 10
t
0, 25
s
20
= = s = 2s
10
. x=35cm
t=x/=3,5s.
=
t x
y = 102
T 20
t=3,5s :
3,5 x
y = 102
- 0 x 35cm
2 20
=0,
: x = 0,10, 20, 30cm .
. F = D y , :
2
2
2
D = m = m = 103 = 103 2 = 103 10 = 102
m
2
2
11
3 35
x
t
y = 102 y = 102
2 20
T 20
11 35
11 7
y = 102 y = 102
6 20
6 4
1
22 21
y = 102 y = 10 2 y = 10
2
6
12 12
1
y = 10 = 5cm
2
F = D y = 102 5102 N = 510-4 N
3.
5 9 .
y = -0,1
- 4t
2
SI
:
. .
. t
() () (),
17
10
rad .
rad N =
6
3
()
.
. ()
, () .
. , : y = 0,05m
. t = 1 s.
:
=
.
:
t x
y = A2 -
T
x
x
y = 0,12 2t -
y = 0,1 4t
2
4
: = 0,1 m , 2 =
1
1
T = s f = 2 Hz , = 4 m
T
2
= f = 8 m/s
17
10 20
rad ()
=
rad > N =
6
3
6
(, x=0), ().
. =
2 2
txM
2
2
3 2
= ( x N - x M ) = x 6 = x
2 2
N =
txN
6 0 .
3 2
= x x = 1m
6 4
rad ()
2
() /4. y M =+A y = 0
N
(>0) .
. ... :
. =
E=k+U
1
1
1
DA 2 = m2 + Dy 2 DA 2 - Dy 2 = m 2
2
2
2
2 A 2 - y 2 = 2 = A 2 - y 2 = A 2 -
A2
3A 2
= 0, 2 3 m/s
4
. t=1 s :
=
x
y = 0,12 2 - S.I.
4
t=1s
x= . t=8m, :
0 x 8m
4. 1 2
=80 cm/s. -
2
y = A t
,
, :
y = 42 (8t - 4 )
y m t s.
r1 - r2 = 2 .
6 1 .
. r1 r2 .
. : 0,3 s 0,6875 s t=0;
. t=0 1 ;
:
.
:
r -r
t r +r
y = 2A 2 1 2 2 - 1 2
2
2
t r +r
y = 2A2 - 1 2 (1)
2
T
y = 42 (8t - 4 )
r1 - r2 = 2
(2)
(1) (2) :
t
1
= 8t T = s f = 8 Hz
T
8
:
r1 - r2 = 2
r1 + r2
= 4 r1 + r2 = 8
2
(3)
(4)
(3) (4) : r1 = 5 r2 = 3
:
80
cm = 10 cm
=
f
8
:
r1 = 50cm r2 = 30cm
.
, t=0. 2
r2 30
=
= 0, 375 s
u 80
1 :
t2 =
t1 =
r1 50
=
= 0, 625 sec
u 80
. t = 0, 625 sec .
t = 0, 3 sec ,
y = 0 = -2 y = 0 .
6 2 .
t = 0, 6875 sec
:
y = 42 (8t - 4 ) y = 42 (5, 5 - 4 ) y = 43 = 0 = 0
. y = 42 (8t - 4 ) 4 = 42 (8t - 4 ) 1 = (16t - 8 )
= (16t - 8 ) 16t - 8 = 2 +
2
2
17
16t = 2 + 8 + t = + sec
2
8 32
t > 0, 625 sec : = 1, 2,...
1 =1, : t = 0, 65625 sec
5.
L = 102,5cm
.
8t (y, x cm t s).
5
.
.
.
4cm. .
.
.
. t 1 = T / 4
y = 8
t 2 = 3T / 4 .
.
.
:
2x
2t
T
x
y = 8 8 t
5
y = 2A
2A = 8 A = 4cm
2x x
=
= 10cm
5
2t
1
= 8t T = s
6 3 .
x
t x
y = A 2 y = 4 2 4t
T
10
: = f = 40cm/s
. :
A o = 8
Ao = 4
x 1
x
5x
=
= 2
5 2
5
3
5
x
1
x
4
5
2
5
3
x = 10 3 (1)
x = 10 20 (2)
y-t
y = Ao t = 48t
(1), :
y-t
(2), :
y = Ao t = 48t
. : x =
0 x 102,5cm
205
< 20,5
< 102,5 <
10
2
: = 21 (0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 20)
. t =
y1 = 8
y = 8
T
4
x
x
8t y = 8
5
5
2
x
0 x 102,5cm
5
x = 0 y = 8cm .
d =
= 5cm .
2
t=
3T
x
3
x
3
y1 = 8 8 y1 = 8
4
5
16
5
2
6 4 .
y1 = 8
x
, .
5
. Ao,max = 2A = 8cm .
Uo,max = ,max = 64 cm / s .
U o = 2 ,max
U o =
U0
= 32
2
x
x
= 64
x 4
x
1
5
5
=
=
5 8
5
2
t
3
6
S.I. . t = 0
x = 0 , , .
. -
6.
y = 0, 2
x = 4m x = 5m .
.
x t = 6s .
. x = 9m
t = 8s .
. x = 1m x = 7m ;
:
t 2t
x 2x
. : 2A = 0, 2 A = 0,1m ,
=
T = 12s
=
= 6m ,
6
T
3
6 5 .
y K = 0, 2
t = 0, 2 t = 0,1 t +
3
6
6
2
6
1
t = 0, 2 t = 0,1 t
3
6
6
2
6
. , :
:
y = 0, 2
. :
2
6 = rad
12
, :
= + = 2 rad
:
= t =
. = t =
2
x
0, 2 t
3
6
2
9
2
1
0, 2
8 =
0, 2 ( 1) ( 1) = m / s
12
3
6
12
2 60
. :
x = ( 2 + 1)
6
1 < x < 7 1 < ( 2 + 1) 7 0,16 1,83
4
= 0, = 1 , x1 = 1,5m x 2 = 4,5m .
6 6 .
7. (x=0) t=0
=40m/s. ,
.
, . ,
.
. ;
. .
. ;
. .
:
. : x = t = 40 0,125 = 5m =0,1s, =T=4m
. . t1 = 0,125s
t 2 = 0,525s .
. t1 t 2 :
2 ( AE ) = t = 40 0, 4 = 16m
( AE ) = 8m
x E = (8 + 5 ) m = 13m
. : 4T = 0,525 0,125 = 0, 4s
:
T = 0,1s , = = 4m
: y = 0, 2
x
20t
2
8.. . , n =
4 3
3
.
. T
n =
2 6
;
3
6 7 .
:
.
.
.
.
=60.
:
1
3
=
n
4
<
3
2
=
. ==60
.
. , .
,
:
n
2
=
= 450
n
2
=60
.
=
6 8 .
1. t 1 = 9 / 20s .
xx
t=0
x=0. :
.
.
. .
.
P x=0,7m x=0,8m.
(2 = 10)
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...........................................................................................................................
6 9 .
2.
t = 0 ...
=0,3m. o ,
4m
0,2s .. .
. .
. B (x=5m)
i.
0,2 s, 0,9s 1,8s.
ii. .
. 0,45s 0,9 s.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
3. m = 0,2kg .
, ,
( ).
d = 0,1m ,
t = 0. ,
7 0 .
.
x =0,6m , t =0,2s.
=3m.
. K
... m.
. .
.
t1 = 0,35s
(2 = 10)
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
4. =0,3m x. , :
y= .t
-
7 1 .
x ,
t1=1s.
. ,
.
. .
. t=2 s
x=1 m:
y, .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
5.
1, 2
=1 cm f=2 Hz.
r1=32cm r2=48 cm 1 2.
=40 m/s. :
. .. ,
.
. 0,7s, 1,25 s.
7 2 .
.
;
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
6.
f=20Hz
. 160cm/s.
x=15cm.
. .
. , 20cm.
. (x=0)
135cm.
. , 30cm
x=0 , 1/160s;
( 2=10)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7 3 .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
7. .
.
-
y 1 = 2 t + y 2 = 2 3 t 6
6
3
6
cm s. . 1,2m, .
. ;
.
P 0,1m
;
. 50% 1 2 ;
. x = 0, 3m ,
y=2 2 cm;
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7 4 .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
8.
.
: c=3.108 m/s, =0,4
.
...........................................................................................................................
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7 5 .
1
. .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. . 3/2
:
1. /2 rad
2. 3/2 rad
3. 5/2 rad
4. /4 rad
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. , :
1. ..
.
2. .
3. V max=.,
.
4. =.
( 5)
7 6 .
. , :
1. n1 < n 2
2. 1 <
3. 1 > 2
4. 2 > 12
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
E. A .
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2
. .
( 5)
. :
y,x cm, t s
1. y=2 . (x) . (t),
.
.
2. y=4 (2x) (2t),
y,x cm, t s
.
.
y,x cm, t s
3. y=3 (x/4) (t/4),
, .
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7 7 .
2x
. =2A.
,
;
.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.
.
;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3
t1
. (=2s)
7 8 .
. .
( 7)
. , :
t2 = t1+ 0,5s t3= t1+1s.
( 8)
. .
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7 9 .
4
xx. : y=A(t).
. :
. H , , .
( 7)
. N 1,1s.
( 7)
. N , t=0,9s x=0,5m.
( 6)
.
3/2.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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8 0 .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
[ (,
). , :
cm = R , cm = R
[
.
.
[ ,
Steiner.
.
[
dL
=
dt
.
[ :
1 2
I , W = =
2
.. ....
=
8 2 .
MH : -
d
dt
cm=R
acm= R
=F A
=F d
I :
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
= 0
=m 1r12+m2r22+...
Steiner:
=cm+d2
L=pr=mr
L=I
dL
dt
1 2
= I
2
1
1 2
2
= Mcm + I
2
2
W=
I :
8 3 .
, :
cm=.R cm=.R
cm ,
. dx
dx
dt
ds :
cm =
dt :
ds
dt
dx = ds. : = cm
= R :
cm = = R .
=
cm = R
2
dcm d
=
R cm=.R
dt
dt
() , ().
8 4 .
() .
:
= 1 + 2
G G G
= 1 + 2 1 = F d1
= F d
2
2
= F d1 + F d 2 = F (d1 + d 2 ) = F d
:
L=
yy
G
.
G
G
(=.r), .
, , L1 = m1r12 ,
L2 = m 2 r22 ,..., L = m r2
:
L = L1 + L 2 + ... + L L = m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2
L = ( m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2 )
A :
I = m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2 .
L = I
8 5 .
,
, L= :
dL d ( I )
d
dL
=
=I
= I
dt
dt
dt
dt
= , :
dL
dt
m, , ( ) m1, m2, , r1, r2, ,
G G
1 , 2 ,... ,
:
1 = r1 , 2 = r2 ,.... (1)
:
(1)
1
1
1
1
2
2
K = m112 + m 2 22 + ... = m1 (r1 ) + m 2 (r2 ) + ...
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
K = m12 r12 + m 2 2 r22 + ... K = ( m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ...) 2
2
2
2
m1r12 + m2 r22 + ... = I
:
, (2) :
(2)
1
K = 2
2
:
W=
8 6 .
G
F
( ) r .
,
.
,
d, :
dW = F ds (1)
ds
.
ds = r d ( d rad)
(1) :
:
dW = F r d (2)
Fr =
(2) :
(3)
dW = d
,
d1 ,d2 ,..., :
(3)
W = dW1 + dW2 + ... W = 1 d1 + 2 d2 + ...
(4)
, (4) :
W = ( d1 + d2 + ...) W =
:
=
dW = d :
dW
d
=
dt
dt
d
= . :
dt
P =
dW
= P
dt
8 7 .
.
2003.
:
:
4.3, 4.7, 4.11, 4.15, 4.19, 4.20, 4.22, 4.25,
4.27, 4.29, 4.30
4.32, 4.36, 4.42, 4.45, 4.49, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.58,
4.59, 4.60, 4.62, 4.63, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, 4.69
. :
& /
8:
:
:
:
:
3.2, 3.3, 3.4
2, 6, 8, 10
3.2, 3.3, 3.5
. 139
9:
:
:
:
:
3.5, 3.6, 3.8
3, 4, 6, 11
3.11, 3.14, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21
. 162
10:
:
:
:
:
3.12, 3.15, 3.17
1, 2, 7
3.25, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.32, 3.35
. 179
8 8 .
11:
:
:
:
:
. :
3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21
2, 4, 6, 7, 10
3.35, 3.36, 3.38, 3.40
. 195
& / 2
( - )
2.
: 2.4, 2.5, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 2.24
: 1, 4, 7
: 2.32, 2.34, 2.35
3.
-
: 3.4, 3.7, 3.11, 3.17, 3.24
: 3, 5, 7, 9
: 3.34, 3.45, 3.46, 3.47,
4.
-
: 4.1, 4.7, 4.9, 4.16, 4.17
: 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12
5.
: 4.35, 4.36, 4.42, 4.44
-
: 5.1, 5.5, 5.10, 5.13, 5.27
: 3, 4, 5, 9, 10
6.
: 5.37, 5.38, 5.39, 5.43
-
: 6.6, 6.7, 6.11, 6.16, 6.22
: 1, 4, 8, 10
: 6.37, 6.38, 6.39, 6.42, 6.45
8 9 .
1. w=150
R/2
R ,
.
F
,
h=R/4;
:
:
w,
,
F1 .
F
R/2
R
A
R/2
,
=0.
() = 0 w x - F y = 0 (1)
K
w
R/2
3R
3R R 5R
-h =
- =
2
2 4
4
:
:
y=
R 7
4
(1) (2) (3) :
150
5R
R 7
-F
=0
4
4
: F> 30 7 N
F1
x
(2)
x = R 2 - ( R - h ) = R 2 - (3R/4 ) =
F= 30 7 N
(3)
9 0 .
2. m=2 kg
R = 10 10 cm , h=3 m
=30. .
.
,
. .
. cm ,
.
: g=10 m/s2
1
I cm = mR 2 .
2
:
.
N
cm
cm
wx
wy
w
w , :
w x =w w y =w
G
,
G
.
:
Fx = m cm w - T = m cm 10 - T = 2 cm (1)
:
(K) = .R=I. = 1 mR = 1 2R (2)
2
cm= .R
(3)
9 1 .
(1) (2), :
10 - 2 cm = cm cm =
10
m/s 2
3
10
3
. : <
=w,
. (1) :
T =
10
3
<
< 10 3
3
9
. U=0,
, h, :
cm =R
1
1
1 1
1
2
2
mgh = I2 + mcm
mgh = mR 2 2 + m (R ) 4gh = 32 R 2
2
2
2 2
2
4gh 2
=
3R 2 R
gh
2
10 3 rad
rad
=
= 20
3 0,1 10
3
s
s
cm :
cm = R = 20 0,1 10
m
m
cm = 2 10
s
s
2
1
1
L=I.= mR 2 = 2 0,1 10 20 kg.m 2 / s = 2 kg.m 2 / s
2
2
3.
M = 3Kg K = 200 N m ,
.
1
I = MR 2 . x = 0, 3m
2
. :
.
.
.
.
9 2 .
.
.
.
.
:
.
K .
K .
K .
1/ 2 2 2 R 2
=
=2
2
2
K .
1/ 2
M R
2
. K . + K . = E o K . + K . = 1/ 2 x 2
(1)
K . + K . = 9 2K . + K . = 9
3K . = 9J
K = 3J, K . = 6J
. .. (1): F = 0
... (2):F = F (2)
: F. = cm T = F cm
(3)
1
: = R = R 2
2
1
2T
= R cm cm =
2 R
m
(3), (4) T = F
(4)
2T
F = 3T (5)
F
F
3
F = 2 / 3F F = 2 / 3x
(2), (5) F = T F F =
9 3 .
2
3
...
D=
= 2
4.
3
= 2
T = 0,3s
2K / 3
2K
A = 3m m=1 kg,
z
l/3
2l/3
cm
A
B
,
z O
.
w
(),
A / 3 .
. N :
. (),
. 30,
,
. ,
;
I cm =
1
mA 2 .
12
:
. , Steiner:
l/3
A
I = Icm + m
6
1
1
= mA 2 + mA 2
12
36
1 2
I = mA = 1kg.m 2
9
A
z
l/6
z
30
cm
2l/3
h
. 30 , cm
9 4 .
1
A
: h = 30 = m
6
4
U=0 cm ,
30 , ,
:
U= mg
1 =
A 1 2
A 1 1
3 g
= I mg = mA 2 12 12 =
12 2
12 2 9
2 A
3 g
3 10 rad
rad
1 =
1 = 5
2 A
2 3 s
s
2A
2.3 m
m
= 5
=2 5
3
3 s
s
. ,
A
= 0,5m . , U=0
6
A
, :
U =
A 1
mg = I22
6 2
A 1 1
mg = mA 2 22
6 2 9
l/3
2l/3
B
l/6
cm
g
g
10 rad
22 = 3 2 = 3 = 3
A
3 s
A
2 = 10
rad
s
L=I.2= 10 kg.m 2 / s
L
= = 0
t
9 5 .
5.
R=1m, m=2kg
,
R
.
0
mg
A
=0,5
0=100 rad/s, :
. .
.
.
. .
. .
=0,8 , =0,6 , cm=
.
:
.
:
G
w
G G
T1 , T2
G G
N1 , N 2 -
1
mR2, g =10m/s2
2
y
T2,y
N2,y
A
T2
T2,x
N2,x
N2
w
N1
T1
:
Fx= 0 (1)
Fy= 0 (2)
G G
N 2 , T2 .
2=2. (3)
2y=N2. (4)
2y=T2. (5) 2=2.
(6)
(1) (2) (3), (4), (5) (6) :
x
0
9 6 .
2+ 2 - 1=0
2. + 2. -1=0
2y+1-w - 2y=0
2. +1 - mg - N2. = 0
(=.) :
2 + 2 1=0 2 +1 mg N2 = 0
1=
N 2 (. + )
(7)
.2 - mg - N2 +
N 2 (. + )
=0
22 - mg - 2+2( + )=0
2(+ +2) = mg 2=
:
(7),(6) :
N2 =
1=
1=
m.g.
( +1)
2
40
N
3
(. + )
m.g.
( +1)
2
m.g.( + )
( 2 +1)
80
N
3
:
:
1=
1=1 1=
40
N
3
20
N
3
,
, :
2=2 2=
mR 2
mR
=. 1.R + T2.R =
1 + T2 =
2
2
40
20
N +
N =1kgm2. = 20rad/s2
3
3
9 7 .
. = 20rad/s2 , :
=0 -t 0=100-20.t t=5s
. : = 0t : =
. W1=T1R=
40 . .
2
N 1m 250 rad= 104 J
3
3
6. l = 3 m
1 .2
t =250 rad
2
125
=
2
W2=T2R=
20
5
N 1m250 rad= 103 J
3
3
M = 4kg ,
4
,
,
.
m = 2kg
. (1)
.
. :
i. -
.
ii. - .
. , m
,
.
K = 100N / m .
i. .
ii. .
iii.
. cm =l2/12
:
.i. :
9 8 .
U=0
I = I + I m =
= I
1
15
l
Ml 2 + M + ml 2 l = kg m 2
12
8
2
l
Mg + mgl
30
2
=
=
= 16 rad / s
15
I
8
dL
dL
dL
=
= max .
dt
dt max
dt max
( 2) , .
ii. :
9 9 .
1
m2
dL
= = Mg + mgl = 30kg 2
2
s
dt max
. i. 1 3 (U=0 3):
3l
1
1
+ mg2l = I 2 + g = 8 rad / s
2
2
2
m :
Mg
= l = 6m / s
ii. ... :
m = 2m = 3m / s
:
1
1
2m 2 = 2 = 0,6m
2
2
iii. O :
t=
T 1
= 2
2 2
2m
7. , -
t = 5 sec
(A)
r m, .
R
R
K
R=2,5 m ,
h
:
R
. h
.
.
.
; , h
;
.
.
2
I cm = mr 2 , g=10m/s2
5
r << R
100.
(A)
()
N
w
h
R
R
U=0
.
R - r R =2,5m.
, :
w .
:
N+w=
m 2
R
=0, :
w=
m 2
=5m/s
R
AME , () () (
) :
U (A) =U ()+() mgh=mg2R+
1
m 2 h=6,25m
2
.
(h=6,25m), , (
, ), :
U(A)=U()+()+ () mgh=mg2R+
1
1 2
I cm 2 + mcm
2
2
A = cm /r , :
gh=g2R+
7 2
cm 4,23m/s
10 cm
101.
(=5m/s)
.
(A)
()
1
()
wy
wx d
h
R
U=0
.
,
-.
U(A)=U()+()+ () mgh=mgh+
1
1 2
Icm2+ m1
2
2
( ),
=0. : wy=
m12
m12
mg=
2 =gR
1
R
R
mgh=mg(R+R)+
h=R+d, d=R
12 2 2 1 2
mr + m1
25
2
r= 1 h=6,25m, : =0,86
: h=2,5+0,882,5 h= 4,7m
. ,
,
U(A)=U()+()+ ()
mg=mg2R+
1
1
12 2 2 1 2
r +
I cm 2+ m2 gH=g2R+
2
2
2
25
: =6,75m.
102.
8.
t=0 o .
. i.
.
ii.
.
. i. . (cm=f(t)) =f(t)).
ii. .
0, 0, , , g Icm .
:
. 0
F, F
.
F
0. F
0
A
T
0R
w
0.
, A=R+o .
.
:
, .
, .
.
, cm 1
.
103.
. i. o.
,
( ). :
cm
0
1
t1
t2
t2
1
t =0 ,
1
cm
t2 (1=1R).
ii. ,
.
:
cm
0
1
0
t2
t1
t2
1
t1
t2 (u1=1R).
acm
.2.
104.
: T = cm g = M cm cm = g
(1)
(2)
: cm = o - cm t
:
= cm R = cm gR = cm =
= o - t
gR
cm
(3)
(4)
A=0.
(1), (2), (3) (4), :
R = cm ( - t 2 )R = (o - cm t 2 ) t 2 =
R - o
gR 2
- g
cm
! :
cm R
cm R
O
1
= t 2 - t 2 2
. :
2
(3).
: N =
9.
M=4kg R=20cm. T
t=0
F=20,
M
zz cm .
. :
i.
,
ii.
, 5s,
F
z
105.
iii. 5s.
. t=5s . 0,5kg,
R/2 . :
i.
7s.
ii. o ;
:
I cm =
M R2
. .
2
:
.i. :
M R 2 4 (0, 2 )
=
kg m 2 Icm = 8 102 kg m 2
2
2
.
2
Icm =
= cm =
F.R
4
=
rad / s 2 = 50 rad / s 2
2
cm 8 10
ii. . 5s :
1 = t1 = 50 5rad / s 1 = 250 rad / s
, , , ( ) :
L = Icm 1 = 8 102 250kg m2 / s L = 20kg m2 / s
:
P = 1 = 4 250 J / s P1 = 1000 J / s
iii. :
K = W
1
1
1 = W W = cm 12 W = 8 102 2502 J W = 2500J
2
2
.i. ( 5s ):
106.
L1 = L 2 L1 = I 2 2 2 =
, :
2
I 2 = Icm
L1
I2
z
R
+ m
2
I 2 = 8 102 + 0,5 (0,1) kg m 2
2
R/2
I 2 = 8,5 102 kg m 2
:
z
20
rad
/
s
235rad
/
s
=
8,5 102
5s ,
,
2. , 7s
:
2 =
1
1
K 2 = I 2 22 = 8,5 102 2352 J K 2 = 2347 J
2
2
ii. ...
-=W 0-2347 J=W W=-2347 J
1. -
107.
w 1=200
l=1m.
.
R=0,2m w2=40. A
. :
. ,
. .
60
.
, 130;
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
108.
2. 0,5 m
F
.
R
2
2Kgm . F=20 , , .
t = 0, :
. t = 4s,
.
4,5m.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3. R m ,
,
, .
.
R
. cm
.
.
1,2m
109.
: I cm =
M R2
g=10 m/s2.
2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4. R=0,5m M=2kg 0=4rad/s, F=20N.
.
F
2s.
. 2s.
R
. T 2s.
I cm =
M R2
.
2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
110.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
5. m=4kg
, =40kg, R=1m.
,
, =2rad/s.
0= 4m/s.
m
M
:
.
,
.
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
6. =4kg =300 . -
111.
F =20N,
t=0, 10/
3 m/s2. o:
. .
. 4s.
. F 4s .
30o
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7.
m1 = 3Kg m 2 = 1Kg
,
R=10cm =4Kg.
. :
. m1 m2,
M
R
.
2s
. g=10 m/s 2
.
1
I = MR 2
2
m1
m2
112.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
8. -
l m
O
.
. t=0
l
m
.
.
,
.
. ;
g=10 m/s2 l=2m, m=2kg
, :
I = ml
3
...........................................................................................................................
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9.
113.
L=4 m, =3 kg
,
.
k
m2
, m1
m1=0,6 kg Z
.
A
m2=1 kg,
k=100 /m. A=2,8 m. N :
. - m1,
. .
m 2 ..., m 1
. :
. m2
1
.
. ,
.
g=10m/s2, cm: cm=
M L2
2
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
114.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
10.
m=1kg R=0,2m 0=20
rad/s
=0,25.
0
.
.
. :
ii. 0=4 m/s.
i. 0=2 m/s,
...........................................................................................................................
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115.
1
. R,
cm cm.
1. : =cm
2. : cm=.R
3. R cm.
4. cm.
;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
. . :
1.
2.
3.
. :
1.
2.
3.
( 8)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. , G
F . . ;
116.
1. (0, t1)
G
G
,
2. t>t1 WF<0,
3.
,
4. .
0
t1
( 7)
...........................................................................................................................
. =f(t) .
=f(t) ;
t1
t2
t 1 t2
t3 t
t3
t1
t2 t3
t1
t2
t3
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
2
. cm=.R.
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. cm=0 =0. ;
( 7)
117.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. .
24h;
( 8)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. .
(), () ;
l, m
()
()
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3
mL2
,
12
yy 0=2 rad/s. T t=0 -
m=3kg, L= 2 m Icm =
F 20 ,
.
118.
L, m
y
0
. N =f(t) 0 s 4 s.
( 5)
. F 4 s,
( 8)
. 4 s.
( 7)
. .
( 5)
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119.
4
m=1kg = 30o
h=1,8 m, . :
. .
( 5)
.
.
( 7)
. .
( 8)
. ,
.
( 5)
: g=10m/s2.
...........................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................
[ :
.
, .
:
i. ,
ii.
()
.
.
[ Doppler:
Doppler.
122. - Doppler
- DOPPLER: -
1.
:
F = 0 P = P
m1 , 1 m 2 , 2 : K = K
1' =
2m 2
m m2
2 + 1
1
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
i. m1 = m 2
1' = 2
'2 =
2m1
m m1
1 + 2
2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
'2 =
2m1
1
m1 + m 2
'2 = 1
ii.
m1 m 2
'
2 = 0 1 = m + m 1
1
2
iii.
m 2 >> m1
1' = 1
iv.
m 2 << m1
1'
'2 = 0
'2
21
2. Doppler
i. :
fA =
+
fs
ii. :
fA =
fs
iv. :
fA =
fs
+ s
v. :
fA =
fs
s
iii. :
fA =
fs
s
- Doppler 123.
1.
1
m1
m2 u1' u'2
,
.
(+)
u1
u2
u2
u1
m2
m1
F2
F1
m1
m2
, .
,
() .
...
p = p p1 + p 2 = p1' + p '2 m1 u1 + m 2 u 2 = m1 u1' + m 2 u '2
m1 u1 + m 2 u 2 = m1 u1 + m 2 u 2 m1 u1 u1 = m 2 u 2 u 2
(1)
....
=
1
1
1
1
m1 u12 + m 2 u 22 = m1 u1' 2 + m 2 u '22
2
2
2
2
m1 u12 + m 2 u 2 2 = m1 u12 + m 2 u 22 m1 u12 u12 = m 2 u 22 u 2 2
)(
m1 u1 u1 u1 + u1 = m 2 u 2 u 2
)(u
+ u 2
(2)
124. - Doppler
: u1 u1 u 2 u '2
(1) (2) ( 2 ):( 1 ) :
'
u1 + u1 = u 2 + u 2
u1 =
(1) (3) :
2m 2
m m2
u2 + 1
u1
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
u 2 =
(3)
(4)
2m1
m m1
u1 + 2
u2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
(5)
m1 =m2
.
u1
u2
m
u2
u1
m
m1 = m2 = m (4) (5) :
2m
mm
u 2 =
u2 +
u1 u 2 = u1
2m
2m
2m
mm
u 2 =
u1 +
u 2 u 2 = u1
2m
2m
3
m1 m2,
u2=0,
.
u1
m1
m2
u2=0 (4) (5) :
u1 =
2m 2
m m2
m m2
0 + 1
u1 u1 = 1
u1 (6)
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
u1
m1
u2
m2
- Doppler 125.
u 2 =
2m1
m m1
2m1
0 u 2 =
u1 + 2
u1 (7)
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
m1
m2, u2=0 , :
. m1 = m2
. m1 >> m2
. m1 << m2
i. m1 = m2 (6) (7)
:
u1
u1 = 0 u 2 = u1
ii. m1 >> m2 (6)
(7)
u1
m2
m1
m1
u1
m2
u1=u1
m1
m2
m1
m2
0 :
m1
m2
u2=2u1
m1 m 2
m
1 2
m m2
m m1
m1
1 0
u1 = 1
u1 = 1
u1 =
u1 =
u 1 u1 = u 1
m
m
m
m1 + m 2
1
+
0
1
2
2
+
1+
m1 m1
m1
m1
2m1
m1
2
2
u 2 =
u1 =
u1 =
u1 =
u1 u 2 = 2u1
m1 m 2
m2
+
m1 + m 2
1
0
+
1+
m1 m1
m1
2
iii. m1 << m2 (6) (7) m1 0 m2
:
u1
m2
m2
u1
m1
m1
u2=0
u2=0
126. - Doppler
m1 m 2
m
m
m
m2
1
2
2
u1 =
u1 =
u =
m1 m 2 1
m1 + m 2
+
m2 m2
m2
1
m1
0 1
u1 =
u 1 u1 = u 1
m2
0
+
1
+1
m1
m1
2m1
m2
20
u 2 =
u1 =
u1 =
u1 = 0 u1 u 2 = 0
m
m
m1 + m 2
0
+
1
1
2
+
m2 m2
2
y
5
=.
:
=
uy
u
ux
u x = u
u
u
uy
ux
u 'y
u
ux
u 'y = u '
u 'x
u 'x = u '
u
:
=
u y = u
uy
- Doppler 127.
1
1
K = mu 2 = mu '2 u 2 = u '2 u = u ' (1)
2
2
.. y y, , :
(1)
p y = p'y mu y = mu 'y u = u '
= =
N Doppler. .
fA =
fs
s
[ (-) .
[ (+) .
[ (+) .
[ (-) .
.
,
-.
128. - Doppler
.
2003.
: 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21
- : 5.22, 5.25, 5.30, 5.40, 5.42, 5.44, 5.45, 5.47,
5.48, 5.49, 5.51, 5.53
. :
& /
12:
:
4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 4.10, 4.11, 4.15
:
1, 3, 6, 7,8
:
4.4, 4.6, 4.10, 4.11, 4.14, 4.18, 4.19
:
. 230
13:
: 4.19, 4.21
: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
: 4.26, 4.28
- Doppler 129.
. :
& / 2
( - )
7.
: 7.5, 7.9, 7.10, 7.13, 7.31
: 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17
: 7.36, 7.41, 7.47, 7.55, 7.60, 7.61
8.
Doppler
: 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.10, 8.11
: 2, 3, 4
: 8.25, 8.27, 8.28
130. - Doppler
1. m1= 1kg m2= 2kg , 0= 3 m/s.
.
. .
. ,
0,1s.
. % m2
m1.
:
m1
m2
0
0
. :
1 =
2m 2
m -m
2 + 1 2 1
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
2m1
m -m
2 =
1 + 2 1 2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
(1)
m1
m2
1
(2)
1- 2 m
m
m
22
1 =
3 = [-4 + (-1) ] = -5
(-3) +
1+ 2 s
s
s
1+ 2
2 -1
m
m
2 1
m
2 =
3+
(-3) = [2 + (-1) ] = 1
s
s
1+ 2 1+ 2
s
. F1 , F2 ( - ). 2 : F =
F1 : F1 =
p
t
p1
m - m
-5 - 3
= 1 1 1 1 =
N = 80N = F2
t
t
0,1
- Doppler 131.
. :
E
E (m 2 )
100%
1
1
m 2 02 m 2 22
2
2 2
800
2
2
100% = 0 2 2 100% = 1- 22 100% =
%
1
9
0
0
m 2 02
2
2. ,
h= 1,6m
m1=1 kg. m2=4 kg. , .
=30,
= 3/4 , :
. ,
.
m1 ,
. m1
.
:
g = 10 m/s2, k = 1000 N/m.
m1
.
1989
:
.
(1)
N
s
1 m 1
T
, w1,x
E
h
m2
k
m1 (1) (2)
w1,y
(2)
w1
() - () = W + WT
1
m112 - 0 = m1gh - Ts
2
:
T = N = w1 = 15/4
132. - Doppler
s m1 :
h
s=
= 3, 2 m
m2
(2)
1 2
15
11 = 110 1,6 - 3, 2 1 = 2 2 m/s
2
4
E ... .
(2) xmax
+ m +0 = m +m
( 1 2)
1 1
K =
2 2
m/s
5
k
(3)
E ET
( 3).
K (2) = U (3)
1
1 2
( m1 + m2 ) K2 = kx max
2
2
1 8 1
5 = 1000 x 2max x max = 4 10-2 m
2 25 2
. :
15
3, 2
Ts
100% = 75%
100% 4
100%
110 1,6
U (m1 )
m1gh
WT
. :
E ()
E (m1 )
1
1
m112 - ( m1 + m 2 ) 2
2
100%
100% 2
m1 g h
1
1 8
1 8 - 5
2
2 25 100% = 4 - 0,8 100% = 20%
110 1,6
16
- Doppler 133.
3.
m=3kg l
, .
k
m m
m 1=2m2.
m1 m.
... :
x=(10t) S.I.
To m2 =3kg, l=3m.A
=220/3 . =400 /m g=10 m/s2.
:
. .
. .
. m2 =8m/s;
. m2 ;
. m m 1 +m;
:
. : m1+m2=m=3Kg m1=2m2 : m1=2Kg m2=1Kg
m2 :
-=F T - B =
(m 2 + M)V 2
V = 5m/s
l
T
m2
2
V
M+ m2
(M+m 2 )g
m2 :
+ m + 0 = m + M V = 20 m/s
m.
+ 0 = m m
m1 = 2 m 2
1 = 10 m/s
2 2
1 1
134. - Doppler
. E AME :
m1 m2
2
l -h
l
T
h
V
V
(M+m 2 )g
K = U
=
1
( M + m2 ) V 2 = ( M + m2 ) gh h = 1, 25m
2
3 -1, 25
l -h
= 0,583
=
h
3
+ m + 0 = m + MV V = 4 m/s
2 2
2
. :
T
m 2 2
m 2
V
g
MV2
MV2
T = Mg +
T = 46N
l
l
-Mg=F T - g =
. () =
1
1
m 2 22 - (M + m 2 )V 2 = 150J
2
2
1
1
1
( ) = m 2 22 - MV 2 - m 2 V2 = 144J
2
2
2
. : =10 rad/s
D= K
m =
A D = ( m1 + m) 2
- m1 m = 2 kg
2
- Doppler 135.
m1 m:
+
m11 + 0 = ( m1 + m) = 5m/s
ET :
1
1
( m1 + m) 2 = DA 2 A = 0,5m
2
2
4. =0,25 kg,
=100/m ...
.M.
..
= 2 / 2 m
.
U=K (x>0),
, m = 0,25 kg u0 =
20m/s, . :
. T .
.
.
. .
:
. A M,
.
U + K = E
1 2 1
2
2U = U max 2 Dx1 = DA
U=K
2
2
x12 =
A2
2
2 2
x1 =
A x1 =
m x1 = 0,5m
2
2
2 2
D =
1
1
1
U + K = E o Dx12 + M12 = DA 2 x12 + 12 = 2
2
2
2
1 =
( 2 x12 )
(1)
(1) x1 = +0,5m = 2 / 2 m :
1 = 10 m / s
136. - Doppler
1 :
1 = +10 m/s.
, :
.M.
..
1 - mu0 = ( + m )
:
1 0
x1
M+m
K=-5 m/s
. . , .. .
: ( + m)
:
1
1
1
D=K
U+ = D x12 + ( + m ) 2 = DA2
2
2
2
6
K x12 + ( + m)12 = KA2 =
m
4
2 :
1 =-10 m/s.
, :
.M.
..
1 + mu0 = ( + m )
:
x1
K
M+m
K=15 m/s
. . , .. .
: ( + m)
:
- Doppler 137.
1
1
1
D=K
U+ = D x12 + ( + m ) 2 = DA2
2
2
2
22
K x12 + ( + m)12 = KA2 =
m
4
. :
1 2 1
1
m0 + 12 (m + )2
-
2
2
2
100% =
100%
1
1
m02 + 12
2
2
1 95% 2 55%
.
p
= K A
t max
p
p
= F
= D x . :
t
t
6
p
= 100
= 25 6 N
4
t max,1
22
p
= 100
= 25 22 N
4
t max,2
5. m=1,6kg R (
),
h=7/4m, =30, = 3/6 .
=4kg,
=400 /m,
.
.
. .
. cm m .
m
h
M
138. - Doppler
. .
. m
.
. .
2
: I = mR 2 , g=10 m/s 2.
5
:
. :
<
= w, :
<w=4
cm
cm
wx
wy
w
(1)
Fx = m cm w - T = m cm
(2)
(K) = . .R=I.
(3)
(4)
:
cm= R
(2) (4) (3), :
( w - m cm ) R = 5 mR 2
cm
cm= 3,57m/s2
R
(2) :
=2,3
(1).
. A.... () ().
U +K =U +K mgh + 0= 0 +
2
1 2
1
mcm + I2
2
2
1 2 1 2mR 2 cm
mgh = mcm +
cm = 5 m/s
2 5 R
2
- Doppler 139.
. , : mcm = =2m/s
. :
1
1
mgh 2
2
-
2
2
100% =
100% = 1
100% =71,43%
mgh
mgh
. . M, .. . max
.
:
1
1
2
D=K
U+ = 2 = DA 2
2 = KA 2 = m
2
2
10
6. m=4,5 kg
= 15 kg, o .
m= 0,5 kg 0= 50 m/s
. = 0,5.
:
. - - ,
. .
. -
. -
.
(g=10 m/s2)
:
m
. E ... - :
+
p() = p()
m0 = ( m+ m ) 1 1=5 m/s
T (m+m)
140. - Doppler
. T (m+m) :
N
m+ m
T
w , N
T .
N1
T :
M
w1 , N1
, T (m+m)
N
w1
N (m+m)
T , T , N N .
: T = = (m+ m)g = 25 N
= = ( - )
, ...
( m + m) 1 + 0 = ( m+ m ) K + M K K=1,25 m/s
. ... .
= + ,
1
1
1
m02 = ( m+ m ) 2K + M 2K + ,
2
2
2
625 J=15,625 J + , , =609,375 J
. .... .
m+ m : - K = WT
1
1
( m+ m ) 2 - ( m+ m ) 12 = -T ( x + L )
2
2
m+ m
m+ m
K
M
- Doppler 141.
: - K = W
1
M 2 - 0 = x
2
= :
1
1
1
( m+ m ) 2 + M 2 - ( m+ m ) 12 = -L
2
2
2
:
L=1,875m
. (m+m) .
1 =
F
m+ m
25 N
T
=
= 5m/s 2
m+ m 5 kg
=1 - 1.t 1,25m/s=5m/s - 5m/s2.t t=0,75s
7. 1 m = 1 kg =200 /m,
. 2,
,
t=0
= 3 m/s
1
1. H
2
. g = 10 m/s2 .
. .
. , 2
.
. %
;
(g=10 m/s2)
:
. :
x=(t+0)
:
mg
x1 = 0,05m
K
... - :
.. m:
F = mg Kx1 = mg x1 =
142. - Doppler
m + 0 = 2m. K =
3 m
K =
2
2 s
2m
... D=k,
.. .
.. 2m:
F = 2mg Kx 2 = 2mg
2mg
x 2 = 0,1m
K
2m
K
..
x2 =
K
.. :
x1
m
x3
x2
2m
.. m
.. 2m
x 3 = x 2 - x1 = 0,05m
:
U+K=
1
1
1
Dx 32 + 2 m2 = DA 2
2
2
2
: A = 0,1m
t0 = 0 x = x 3 = +A/2 .
0 =
A
1
6
= 0 0 =
5
2
2
0 =
>0, : 0 =
D
=
2m
200
rad
rad/s = 10
2
s
x = 0,1 10t + S.I.
6
. =0 . 2
-. x-t, :
- Doppler 143.
3
2
t=
-0,1 = 0,1 10t + 10t + = 1 10t + =
s
6
6
6 2
15
E ()
E ()
1 2 1
m - 2m2
2 - 22
2
2
100%
100%
100% = 50%
2
1 2
m
2
8.
S1, S2 fS = 400 Hz .
S1 S2 A = 2m/s .
S2
S1
. .
. 3s;
= 340m/s .
:
. Doppler, 1 :
f ,1 =
fS f ,1 =
338
400 z f ,1 = 397,647 z
340
Doppler, 2 :
f ,2 =
fS f ,2 =
342
400 z f ,2 = 402,353z
340
: f = f ,2 f ,1 = 4, 7z
. =0,213 s 1 . 3s :
=
3s
= 14,08 14 .
0, 213s
144. - Doppler
1. m
= 0,5kg
1 = 80m/s
m 2 = 3,5kg.
=30 0,
m1 m2
1
= 3/3 . :
. .
. .
. % .
. ;
g=10m/s2.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
2. m1=1kg ()
=0,5
- Doppler 145.
(K)
0
.
d = 10 m,
l
()
m2
0
m2=2kg m1
l =3,6m,
d
. m 2 . g = 10m/s2:
. m2 ;
. 0 m1;
. m1 m2;
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
3. m1 m2, m1= m2, -
h = 18 m oo
. . A
m1 m2.
m1
. , m2. h2
146. - Doppler
m2.
, ,
h .
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4. m=1 kg =30 s=8,1m. m=2kg
,
.
=600/m .
m
:
. ,
. % m
,
. .
=0,25 g=10 m/s2.
- Doppler 147.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
5. m=2 kg =400 N/m,
m
.
K
m=m,
h. h
.
:
. h
m
0,1 m,
. %
m ,
.
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
148. - Doppler
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
6. m=1kg,
10cm.
m=1kg m.
m
1
2
m
. N .
. % .
. .
: 2 = 10, g = 10 m/s2, K1 =100 N/m, K2 =200 N/m.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
7. m1=1kg =100 /m .. 0,3m. m1
- Doppler 149.
x=0,15 3 m,
m1
m2=3kg, 0,5m/s.
. x=f(t) ... ,
t=0 .
.
.
. .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8. =30o m2=1 kg
, .
0=5 m/s m1=1 kg.
s
m1
m2
150. - Doppler
s=0,9 m =100 N/m. ,
. :
. x=f(t) ... m2, t=0
.
. m1, ,
. m2 m1
;
(g=10 m/s 2)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
9.
=2 kg
l=2 m
(), .
m=0,1g
0
0/2, d= 0,8 l . 60.
m
. N
.
. N 0 .
- Doppler 151.
. N .
I = l 3 .
2
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
10.
H f=400t
S.I. 100m
. 4s o
.
. .
. ;
.
2s ;
= 340m/s .
S
152. - Doppler
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
- Doppler 153.
1
. m1
m2. A, , m1 ,
:
. m1 = m2
. m1 > m2
. m1 <m2
. m1 << m1
( 5)
.................................................................................
. 1 . , m. :
. 1>1
. 1<1
. 1=1
.
( 5)
..............................................................................
.
10m/s 15m/s .
-15 m/s, :
.
.
.
.
( 5)
.............................................................................. ......................................
.............................................................................. ......................................
154. - Doppler
. :
. .
. .
. .
. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
. , . :
. .
. .
. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
2
. ,
. 1 2
,
, :
1 = 2 =
( 8)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. ;
;
.
( 7)
...........................................................................................................................
- Doppler 155.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. .
.
.
1. .
.
2. .
.
3. .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. f
, -
A=0
. f =
-
fS
+ S
S =0
. f =
-
fS
f =
+
fS
- S
156. - Doppler
. f =
fS
- S
. f =
+
fS
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3
(1) 1=30m/s f1=620
Hz. (2) 2=50m/s
f1=634 Hz.
:
. ,
( 15)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. .
( 10)
=340 m/s.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
- Doppler 157.
4
=2 kg
=100 N/m,
-.
m= 2kg, h=5m.
. :
. .
( 5)
. % .
( 5)
. .
( 8)
. .
( 7)
...........................................................................................................................
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