HISTORY OF COMPUTER

Computer: A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.

3rd - 6th century B.C

Counters: Used in Rome to do calculations with stones, pebbles and even bones. Calculus means little stone. Abacus: Used in Rome and Asia, was a device used to do addition and subtraction. It was made of beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal.

16th-17th century
Pascaline: built by Blaise Pascal (1642) for his father who was a tax collector. It was a machine to addition, subtraction and keep the results. Stepped Reckoner: built by Gottfried Leibniz (1671). It was the first calculator that could perform all four arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

18th -19th century

The Analytical Machine: devised by Charles Babbage (1833). He thought creating a gigantic machine moved by steam that could receive data with punched cards. Although this project never took place, if their ideas were. Hollerith desk: by Herman Hollerith (1890) a machine to census the population of the United States, worked with power and punch cards.

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20th century a) Analog computers, first half of 1900-1944

Mark I: by Howard H. Aiken (1944). It was the first electromechanical computer. It weighed 2 tons, a little less than an elephant. was based on the analytical engine. It running basic math equations and complex calculations.

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b) Digital computers- 1940 to 1970

First generation computers Eniac and Edvac: Created by John Presper Eckert y John W. Mauchly (1946), but john von neumann is recognized as his father because by his collaboration it became the first programmable computer. This could memorize and register the data. It was the first computer to use the binary system. Univac1: Created by John Presper Eckert y John William Mauchly, (1951). The processor (or CPU) was made of thousand s of vaccum tubes. They were the size of an entire room, over 5 meters high and very costly to maintain. Second generation computers Transistor: (1955-1958) Used in the place of vaccum tubes in the processor. Transistors were more reliable, much cheaper and smaller. This generationcomputers had more computing power, were smaller in size, easier to maintain and were more affordable than the previous generation.
Third generation computers

Integrated Circuits: (1960) The trasistors were miniaturised and kept on silicon chips called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

C) Computers with Microprocessors- 1970 onwards

Fourth generation computers

Microprocessors or chips: The microprocessors were smaller than a postage stamp and had tremendous computing capabilities.
Fifth generation computers

Artificial Intelligence: Desktop, notebook or laptop, palmtop, server, Mainframe and Super Computer.

Answer in your notebook

IIIIIIDefine three characteristic of each century: 3-6, 16-17, 18-19. What is the differences between analog computers and digital computers Why microprocessor computers are better than digital?

HOMEWORK
Investigate three characteristics of every generation of computers and write why it was better than the previous generation.