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Procedia Technology 4 (2012) 411 416

C3IT-2012

Design and Analysis of a Compact Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with slots using Defective Ground Structure
Mrinmoy Chakrabortya, Biswarup Ranab, P.P. Sarkarc, Achintya Dasd
a,b

Dr. B.C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur-713206,W.B.,India c DETS, Kalyani University,Nadia,W.B.,India. d Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kaiyani, W.B., India

Abstract In this paper a rectangular microstrip antenna with slots as shown on Fig. 2. is proposed. In the absence of slots and defective ground structure (DGS) the structure found to resonant at 5.22 GHz. When the DGS and slots are introduced a frequency shift of 5.22 GHz to 1.56 GHz is observed. The main contribution of this paper is the miniaturization of 91% which is very much encouraging.

2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of C3IT
Keywords: Compact rectangular microstrip antenna; Defective ground structure; Slots; Miniaturization.

1. Introduction Microstrip antennas have been used widely in wireless communication due to their light weight, low profile, low cost and ease of fabrication and excellent compatibility with planar integrated circuits and even non planar surfaces. In recent years, as the demand of the small systems have increased, small size antennas at low frequency have drawn much interest from researchers[1]. Many kind of miniaturization techniques, such as using of dielectric substrate of high permittivity[2], slot on the patch, DGS at the ground plane or a combination of them have been proposed and applied to microstrip patch antennas. The other method to miniaturize the microstrip antenna is to modify its geometry using irises [3] or folded structures [4], [5] based on the perturbation effect [6]. In this paper slots and DGS are used to miniaturize the rectangular microstrip antenna.The present work deals with design and analysis of a rectangular compact microstrip antenna for wireless application. The design incorporate dumble shaped defective ground structure which is on the ground plane, which disturbs shielded current distribuation in ground

2212-0173 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2012.05.064

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plane [7],[8]. Initially the antenna is designed for the resonant frequency of 5.22 GHz and the using DGS and slots the resonant frequency is brought down to 1.56 GHz. So a size reduction of 91% is achieved.

2. Design Principles The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown on Fig. 2.The substrate Rogers RT/duriod 5880(tm) of dielectric constant 2.2 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009 has been taken in this design. The antenna has been designed and simulated with Ansoft Designer software.The length and width of the rectangular patch are 24 mm and 18 mm. The feed point is taken at (0,-4) in absence of slots and DGS at the ground plane. For the data as mentioned above the resonant frequency is found to be 5.22 GHz. The dumble shaped DGS as shown on Fig. 3. is incorporated at the groud plane with following specification D = 11 mm. L1 = 32 mm and L2 = 34 mm. S = 2 mm. Two T shaped slots as shown in the Fig. 2. are introduced on the patch with following specification S2=1 mm, L3=3 mm, L4=7 mm, and W2=6 mm. The feed point is taken at (-2,-3) in presence of slots on the patch and DGS at the ground plane. Now in the presence of slots on the patch and DGS at the ground plane the resonant frequency is found to be 1.56 GHz.

Fig. 1. Rectangular Patch

(left)

Fig. 2. Rectangular Patch with slots (right)

Fig. 3. DGS at the Ground Plane

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3. Simulation Results 3.1. Return loss and VSWR Return Loss of the rectangular patch with DGS and slots and without DGS and slots is given in the Fig. 4. It is observed from Fig. 5. that return loss at 5.22 GHz is -40 dB in absence of slots and DGS at the ground plane. From Fig. 6. it is seen that return loss at 1.56 GHz is -20 dB in presence of slots and DGS at the ground plane. The VSWR without slots and DGS and with slots and DGS are shown in Fig. 7. and Fig. 8. respectively..
0 -5 -10 -15 S11(dB)
S11(dB)
With DGS and Slot With out DGS and Slot

-10

-20 -25 -30 -35 -40 1 2

-20

-30

-40

5 Frequency(G Hz)

Frequency(GHz)

Fig. 4. RL of the Rectangular Patch without DGS and with DGS and Slot(left). Fig. 5. RL without DGS and slots(right).
0
5

-5
4

S (dB )

-10 -15 -20 1.0 1.5 2.0 Frequency(GHz) 2.5 3.0

VSWR

11

0 5 .0

5 .1

5 .2

5 .3

5 .4

5 .5

F re q u e n c y (G H z )

Fig. 6. Return loss with DGS and slots

(left)

Fig. 7. VSWR without DGS and slots(right)

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50 40 V S W R 30 20 10 0 1.4

1.5

1.6 Frequency(GHz)

1.7

1.8

Fig. 8. VSWR with DGS and slots

3.2. Radiation Pattern and other Characteristics The microstrip patch antenna radiates normal to its patch surface. So the elevation pattern for = 0 and = 90 degrees are important for the measurement. Fig. 9. below shows the E-plane and H plane radiation pattern at 5.22 GHz. The maximum gain is obtained at resonant frequency for the microstrip antenna without DGS at the ground plane and without slots on the patch plane is 7.2 dBi for both = 0 and = 90 degrees. Fig. 10. below shows the E-plane and H plane radiation pattern at 1.56 GHz. The maximum gain is obtained at resonant frequency for the microstrip antenna with DGS at the ground plane and slots on the patch is 2 dBi for both = 0 and = 90 degrees. 3D Input Gain without DGS and slots and with DGS and slots are shown in Fig. 11. and Fig. 12. respectively. Smith Chat without DGS and slots (3-7 GHz) and with DGS and slots (1-4 GHz) are shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14. respectively.

Phi=0 deg

Phi=90 deg

Fig. 9. Radiation Pattern without DGS and slots at 5.22 GHz(left) Fig. 10. Radiation Pattern with DGS and slots at 1.56 GHz

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Fig. 11. 3D Input Gain without DGS and slots(left) Fig. 12. 3D Input Gain with DGS and slots(right)

Fig. 13. Smith Chat without DGS and Slot (3-7 GHz)(left) 4. Conclusion

Fig. 14. Smith Chart with DGS and Slot (1-4 GHz)(right)

Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna with DGS and slots is carried out in this work . A dumble shaped DGS in the ground plane found to give a size reduction of about 91% and shift the resonant frequency 5.22 GHz to 1.56 GHz with 60 MHz bandwith and -20 dB return loss facilitating the antenna to be used for wireless application.

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Acknowledgements The authors like to acknowledge Dr. B.C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, W.B., India for providing necessary support during this research work.

References
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