16 Tenses In English

THE 16 TENSES IN ENGLISH

DINAS PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA SMA NEGERI 1 LEBONG UTARA KABUPATEN LEBONG 2011/2012

Communicative English Course

16 Tenses In English

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Penyusunan makalah 16 TENSES IN ENGLISH di buat dalam rangka untuk memenuhi tugas akhir semester kelas XII IPA. Hasil penyusunan ini disetujui dan disahkan pada tanggal 17 Maret 2012.

Mengetahui, Guru Bahasa Inggris

MISKON, S.Pd

Communicative English Course

16 Tenses In English

THE 16 TENSES IN ENGLISH

NAME

: 1. SEPTI KOMALA SARI 2. TRI WINARNI

CLASS TEACHER

: XII IPA 2 : Mr. MISKON, S.Pd

DINAS PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA SMA NEGERI 1 LEBONG UTARA KABUPATEN LEBONG 2011/2012
Communicative English Course
3

16 Tenses In English

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the present. Example : Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation. Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast. 1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW, TOMORROW, ETC. 1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :

1.3.A. Positive Pattern S + am/is/are + Verb 4.Now S + sedang + 4..sekarang Examples : 1. I am studying English now. 2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan) 3. You are singing now. Communicative English Course
4

16 Tenses In English 4. He is making a cake now. 5. she is sewing a shirt now. 6. They are playing football in the field now. 7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow. 8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarang Examples : 1. I am not studying now 2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ? Examples : 1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not 2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt 3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now? QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang?

Examples : 1. what are you doing now ? studying 2. Where is he studying English now ? at school

Communicative English Course

16 Tenses In English

2. PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. 2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. 2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense 2.3.1. The Positive Pattern S + Verb 2 Yesterday S + 2.. Examples : 1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We studied English here last week. 3. They played football in the field yesteryear 2.3.2. The Negative Pattern S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday S + tidak + 1kemarin Examples : 1. John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We didnt study here last week. 3. They didnt play football in the field yesteryear. 2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday? Apakah + S + 1kemarin? Examples: Communicative English Course
6

16 Tenses In English 1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didnt 2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didnt 3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didnt 2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday? Qw + yang + S + 1.? Examples: 1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile 2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did QW + 2..?

Examples : 1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did 2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did

3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

Communicative English Course
7

16 Tenses In English

We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something: e.g. Ive asked john to help me but he wont Promising to do something. e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something. Will you close the window,please! A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + will/shall + Verb 1 Tomorrow S + akan + 1 . Example: 1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. 2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + wont/shant + Verb 1 Tomorrow S + tidak akan + 1 .. Example: 1. John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. 2. Mrs.Maria Eva wont play badminton tomorrow

C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows Will/Shall + S + Verb 1.. Tomorrow? Communicative English Course
8

16 Tenses In English Apakah + S + akan + 1..? Example : 1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he wont. 2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she wont D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1.Tomorrow? QW + yang + S + akan + 1.? Example : 1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month 2. who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will 3. where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month 4. what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant

We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1 S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1 Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1.. .? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 ..?

4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. Communicative English Course
9

16 Tenses In English e.g. (+) (- ) (?) (+) (-) (?) The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesnt often drink tea. The earth goes round the sun The earth doesnt go round the sun Does the earth go round the sun ? I get up at 8 oclock every morning I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning?

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished: Communicative English Course
10

16 Tenses In English This time last year I was living in Brazil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2. S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2

Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .? QW + was/were + S + verb 4When + s + Verb 2 ?

e.g. (+) (-) (?)

She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta.

Communicative English Course

11

16 Tenses In English We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has happened sooner than expected : e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch. We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present , we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time, It the first time e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop). The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3.etc S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc?

Communicative English Course

12

16 Tenses In English

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time : Example : When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home

Communicative English Course

13

16 Tenses In English When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt flown before. The pattern: S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2 S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + have/has + been + verb 4etc S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ?

Communicative English Course

14

16 Tenses In English

QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ? Example : Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini (+) (-) (?) The students have been singing since this morning The students havent been singing since this morning Have the students been singing since this morning ?

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + had been + verb 4when S + V2 S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?

Communicative English Course

15

16 Tenses In English

Example : Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin (+) (-) (?) They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ?

Example : Communicative English Course

16

16 Tenses In English Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi

+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ? You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ?

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end. Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ?

QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ? Example : - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.

Communicative English Course

17

16 Tenses In English + We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will have been + verb 4since. S + wont have been + verb 4.since.

Will + S + have been + verb 4since.? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..? Example : Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok

+ They will have been studying since this morning - They wont have been studying since this morning Communicative English Course
18

16 Tenses In English ? Will they have been studying since this morning ?

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ? Example : 1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me 2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money

Communicative English Course

19

16 Tenses In English

14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ? Example : Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang

+ They would be going home when we came - They wouldnt be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ?

Communicative English Course

20

16 Tenses In English

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3. S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ? Example : Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum. He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election

Communicative English Course

21

16 Tenses In English

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3. S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ? Example : Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota sudah datang tepat pada waktunya The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time.

Communicative English Course

22

16 Tenses In English

THE 16 TENSES

Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST

1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + 2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + 3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + 4. S + had + S.O + V1 + 5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 + has 6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + 8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + 9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + 12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + 13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + Communicative English Course
23

16 Tenses In English 15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + 16. S + would + have been + having + S.O +

Communicative English Course

24