Wilkinson Power Divider

Outline
Recap of waveguide power dividers Introduction to Mircrostrip dividers T-junction & Resistive divider Wilkinson power divider Summary

Waveguide power dividers

Name different waveguide power dividers What are the advantages of waveguide power dividers? What are the disadvantages of waveguide power dividers? Name few applications of waveguide power dividers What is the difference between waveguide and microstrip dividers?

Introduction to microstrip dividers

Microstrip power dividers are passive microwave components used for power division or power combining Power dividers may be a three port or four port component with or without loss Three port networks take the form of T-junction and other power dividers, while four port networks take the form of directional couplers and hybrids The basic power dividers are T-junction power divider, Resistive power divider and Wilkinson power divider

T-junction divider
The lossless T-junction can be modeled as a junction of three transmission lines The T-junction divider is not matched at all ports, since there is a discontinuity at the junction The T-junction divider provides poor isolation between two output ports

Resistive power divider

A microstrip resistive power divider can be made, so that all the ports are matched but it is not lossless Equal and unequal power division ratios are possible between the two output ports The resistive divider provides poor isolation between two output ports

Resistive power divider

The S matrix of a resistive divider is given by
[S ] = 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0

From the matrix it can be observed that it is a lossy network

Wilkinson power divider

The Wilkinson power divider is designed using microstrip lines and can be made with any number of ports with equal or unequal power divisions Wilkinson power divider has many advantages over other power dividers and has the following properties Matched at all ports Large isolation between output ports Reciprocal Lossless when output ports are matched

Wilkinson power divider

The S-matrix of a 3-port, 3 dB equal power divider is given below
0 j [S ] = 2 j 2 j 2 0 0 j 2 0 0

Wilkinson power divider

(a) An equal split power divider in microstrip form (b) Equivalent transmission line circuit

Design equations
PowerdivisionRatio = K 2 = Z 03 = Z 0 1+ K 2 K3 1 ) K P3 P2

Z 02 = Z 03 K 2 = Z 0 K (1 + k 2 ) R = Z0 (K + R2 = Z 0 K R3 = Z 0 / K

Design using AWR MW office

MLIN ID=TL2 W=1.576 mm L=14.01 mm MSUB Er=4.4 H=1.6 mm T=0.036 mm Rho=1 Tand=0.001 ErNom=4.4 Name=FR4 PORT P=1 Z=50 Ohm MLIN ID=TL1 W=3.027 mm L=13.6 mm RES ID=R1 R=100 Ohm

PORT P=2 Z=50 Ohm

PORT P=3 Z=50 Ohm

MLIN ID=TL3 W=1.576 mm L=14.01 mm

EM Structure

EM Structure
S parameters
0

-20

-40
DB(|S(1,1)|) Wilknson divider

-60

DB(|S(2,1)|) Wilknson divider DB(|S(3,1)|) Wilknson divider DB(|S(3,2)|) Wilknson divider

-80 1 2 3 4 Frequency (GHz) 5 6

EM Structure

EM Structure

EM Structure

EM Structure

Microstrip Design equations

Microstrip Design equations

EM Structure