220 KV Switchyard

Introduction:
It is designed as a double bus single breaker configuration with five bays. There are two incoming lines from WAPDA grid system and two lines into power station, one is primary to the SUT and other is secondary for GSU. Fifth is the bus tie breaker. Main bus bar capacity is 2000 amperes. This arrangement has the ability to isolate any bay for maintenance or testing without having to take an outage for switchyard or take the generator offline. Phasing is maintained by hard connections from incoming line from WAPDA. Therefore there is no possibility of phase reversal occurring in switchyard. All control and status circuits are 110 V DC. Switchyard is comprised of following equipments. 14 motor operated, centre break disconnect switches, of which two are equipped with integral grounding switches located on main lines from WAPDA Five SF6, air operated circuit breakers Four line traps, located on main lines from WAPDA, two traps per line Six weather proof, metal oxide type surge arrestors with counters Fifteen oil filled current transformers of various ratios. Eighteen oil filled CCVT Kirk key and electrical interlock system for safe operation of motor operated disconnect switches in local or manual mode

 Control, annunciation and metering panels 220 KV switchyard control panel is located in CCR and displays a mimic of switchyard. It is furnished with control switches for circuit breakers and motor operated disconnect switches, along with indications and synchronizing facilities. 220 KV switchyard annunciator panel is located in CCR and displays alarms associated with switchyard protection and control. 220 KV switchyard relay panel is located in relay room. Instrument analog and digital metering system panel R6 is located in relay room. It is provided for all DCS and SCADA requirements.

Startup Procedure
1. Both switchyard Bus bars are hot (voltage applied) with normal voltage. Power being supplied to the bus bars from transmission line 1 or 2 or both. 2. 220 KV switchyard bus tie breaker is closed. 3. Unit is receiving power from electrical distribution system through SUT via power circuit breaker. 4. GSU motor operated disconnect switch is closed 5. Unit 11 KV switchgear 1A and 1B tie breaker is closed and the automatic transfer scheme is disabled. 6. UAT feeder breaker to 11 KV switchgear bus 1A is open. 7. Generator neutral is grounded 8. All 220 KV instrumentation is in service and operational 9. Isolated bus duct is in service and operational

10. Generator synchro panel instrumentation and control is in service 11. System dispatcher has been notified 12. Turbine is placed in service and brought up to speed, no load condition. 13. Automatic synchronizing system will make voltage and/or frequency adjustments until synchroscope is turning in a clockwise direction 14. Automatic synchronizing system will send a signal to close GSU power circuit breaker just before the synchroscope reaches the twelve O, clock position on the synchroscope dial. 15. Verify voltage is at normal operating potential 16. Once the GSU power circuit breaker is closed, the turbine generator will be automatically loaded to approximately 5-10% of its maximum continuous rating. This is done to eliminate the motoring of generator and to ensure that power is being generated. 17. Once the unit is on line and conditions are stable, enable the 11 KV automatic transfer scheme. 18. Close the UAT circuit breaker to the 11 KV switchgear bus 1A 19. Verify that 11 KV switchgear 1A and 1B tie breaker opened automatically. 20. Verify operating parameters on the 11 KV switchgear 1A and 1B buses are within their normal operating ranges.

Normal Operation

Following operator checks should be made after every 08 hour interval on entire 220 KV system 1. Generator operating status 2. Bus1 and bus 2 voltage 3. Transmission line 1&2 Watts, Amps, Vars, Volts, Power factor and frequency 4. SUT Watts, Amps, Vars, Volts and Power factor 5. GSU Watts, Amps, Vars, Volts and Power factor 6. Bus tie Watts, Amps, Vars, Volts and Power factor 7. All 220 KV switchyard panel and annunciation panel indicating lights. 8. Position of all 220 KV switchyard circuit breakers and motor operated disconnect switches. 9. Walk system down checking oil/air/SF6 gas leaks, abnormal noises and abnormal operating conditions.

Normal Shutdown
1. System dispatcher has been notified. 2. Turbine generator load has been reduced to its low load carrying capacity as per guidelines. 3. SUT power circuit breaker is closed. 4. UAT feeder breaker to 11 KV 1A switchgear is closed. 5. 11 KV bus 1A and 1B tie breaker is open 6. Open GSU power circuit breaker 7. Verify that 11 KV bus 1A and 1B tie breaker closes 8. Observe local indicators to ensure generator has been disconnected from system 9. Verify 220 KV switchyard voltage, frequency etc are within the operating parameters

10. Verify load on SUT is within normal operating parameters. 11. Notify system dispatcher of the time unit came off line. 12. Allow turbine generator sped to be reduced and place machine on turning gear 13. If required, open generator step up transformer motor operated disconnect switch.

SF6 Power Circuit Breakers

There are five SF6 (puffer type) power circuit breakers in switchyard. Each breaker consists of 3 independent single pole breakers each with a single break switching element and operating mechanism. Extinction chambers use SF6 at a single pressure as an insulating and arc quenching gas. The operating mechanism is of the axial type and driven pneumatically. Compressed air is produced by an independent motor compressor. The control cabinet contains the operating gas control, measurement and monitoring device.SF6 gas is controlled by a temperature compensated pressure and density meter installed at the level of the central pole. The rated gas pressure in the extinction chamber is 0.65-0.7 MPa (abs) The operating mechanism works on compressed air at a rated pressure of 1.7-2.0 MPa (abs) Prerequisites for breaker operation are as follows Air pressure within the limit Gas pressure within the limit Auxiliary power supply voltage within the range

Circuit breaker operation is as follows For transmission lines 1&2, only a single phase automatic reclosure is possible after a single phase protection trip. If the single phase automatic reclosure is unsuccessful, a second protection trip will result in a three phase trip and lockout of the circuit breaker. For other circuits, no automatic reclosure is provided and a protection trip will result in a three phase trip and lockout of the circuit breaker

Operating Sequence
Closing 1. Closing coil is energized 2. Pilot valve pneumatically controls the main valve which lets air into the control piston. 3. At the end of the operation, the air used for the operation is discharged to the outside. 4. The operator coil circuit is interrupted by the opening of the limit switch contact. Opening 1. Opening coil is energized 2. Pilot valve pneumatically controls the main valve which lets air into the control piston. 3. At the end of the operation, the air used for the operation is discharged to the outside 4. The operator coil circuit is interrupted by the opening of the limit switch contact.

Each breaker in switchyard can be operated locally at the breakers main control cubicle or remotely except the GSU breaker which is operated from CCR. A Kirk key and interlock system is also provided for each circuit breaker.

Motor Operated Disconnects

They are strategically located to isolate or connect power circuit breakers from or to the switchyard bus bars, between bus bars or from or to the incoming and outgoing feeder circuits. These are all off load disconnect switches rated for 2000 amps. Disconnect switches are interlocked so that only one of the two switches associated with a given power circuit breaker can be closed at any one time. This applies to all except the bus tie breaker. Each switch has been provided with a selector local/remote control. A Kirk key and electrical interlock system has been provided for each disconnect switch.