Investigations of The Hydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements

Research and Development Laboratories
of the
Portland Cement Association
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
BULLETIN
45
Investigations of the Hydration

Expansion Characteristics
of Portland Cements
BY
I-L F. GONNERM,
WILLIAM LERCH
and THOMAS M. WHITESIDE
Jum 1953
Publhhsd by
PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION
33
West Grand Ave., Chicago Io, IIL
Research
and Development
Laboratories
of the
Portland
Cement
Association
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
BULLETIN
Investigations
Expansion
45
of the Hydration
Characteristics
of Portland Cements
By
H. F. GONNERMAN,
WILLIAM
LERCH,
and THOMAS M. WHITESIDE
I
I
1
I
,JUNE 1953
CHIC.iGO
COPYRIGHT,1%53BY PORTLANDCEhmN!cASSOCIATION
1
-.
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HISTORY OF SOUNDLESS TESTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAUSES OF UNSOUNDNESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE AUTOCL~VETEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INVESTIGATIONSBY THE PORTL~XD CEMENT ASSOCIATIONOF L,+BOR.ATORYPREP.ARED PORTLANDCEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INVESTIGATIONSBY THE PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATIONOF COMMERCML
PORTL.INDCEMENDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RELATIONSHIPSBETWEEN AUTOCLAVEEXPANSIONOF CEMENT AND STRENGTH
OF MORT.lR AN DCONCRETE.
... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4CKNOWLEDGMENTS
.......................................... .
..
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..
...
.4PPEXDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................
.
LIST
1
1
3
5
8
47
88
95
96
96
99
OF TABLES
Tal>le
Page
1. Comparative Results Obtainecl on ATormal Water Curing and High Pressure Steam Curing of Cement Compounds and Certain Mixtures of
10
Cement Compounds (PCAF Investigation
C-17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Tests of Three Groups of Laboratory-Prepared
Cements of l~aried Free
CaOContent
(Series 260): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
(A) Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 1Ii-in. Neat Cement Bars and 2 x 2
x 9+in. 12 Mortar Bars,
(B) Flexural Strength of 2 x 2 x 9+-in. Mortar Bars, Compressive
Strength of 2-in. Modified Cubes, and Tensile Strength of
Briquets (Before and .4fter Autoclaving at One Day).
3, Tests of Seven Groups of Laboratory-Prepared
Cementsof
Varied Free
CaO and MgO Contents (Series 260):
(A) Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars and 2 x 2
x 9&in. l2 Mortar Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
16
Briquets (Before and After Autoclaving atOne Day)...,.
...
-1. Tests of Laboratory-Prepared
Cements of Varied MgOandfree
CaOContents (Series 260):
(A) Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars and 2 x 2
x9&in. 1-2 Mortar Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Briquets (Before and After Autoclaving atOne Day). . . . . . . .
26
5, Comparirm
of Expansions of lNeat Cement Bars Autoclave
at Age of
...
111
--%-
iv
Page
6.
7.
8,
9,
10,
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16,
17.
18.
One Day and 5 Years with Expansion of Companion Bars During

Storage in R7ater(Series 230) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of Results of Tests of Cements Ground from Slowly- and
Quickly-Cooled Laboratory-Prepared
Clinkers of Varied MgO and CS.4
Contents (Series 277) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tests of Cements Ground from Plant-, Quickly-, and Slowly-Cooled Commercial Clinkers of Varied Calculated CSA Content (Series 270). . . . . . . . .
Summary of Autoclave and Length Change Tests of 418 Commercial
Portland Cements (Series 263) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Autoclave and 10-Year Length Change Tests of 263 Laboratory-Prepared
Cements (Series 260, 270 and 277). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Results of Autoclave and Length Change Tests of Miscellaneous Commercial Cements (Series 263):
(A) Cements Subjected to Standard ASTM Autoclave Test C151,
(B) Cements Subjected to a Modified Autoclave Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tests of Blends of Portland and Natural Cements (Series 263). . . . . . . . . .
(.4) Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars
(B) Chemical Analyses of Cements Used in Blends
Tests of ~~ormal and High-Early Strength Cements from 10 Plants (Series
263): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(A) Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars
(B) Chemical Analyses and Compressive Strengths of Cements
Results of Tests of Five Types of Portland Cement (Series 308):
(A) Length changes of 1 x 1 x 1ii-in. Neat Cement Bars. . . . . . . . .
(B) Composition of Concrete Mixes and Length Changes of 3 x 3
xll&in.
Concrete Bars.....
............................
(C) Chemical and Calculated Compound Composition of Cements . . .
Results of Autoclave and Length Change Tests of the Long-Time Study
Cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Autoclave Expansions and Length Changes for Different Types of
Portland Cement (Data from Tables 13 and 14).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of Duration of Moist Curing on Autoclave Expansion of Neat
Cement Bars (Series 263 and 271):
(A) Autoclave Expansions and Compressive Strengths. . . . . . . . . . . . .
(B) Length Changes of Neat Cement Bars Stored in Water, Laboratory Air, or Outdoors Protected from Rain and Snow. . . . . .
(C) Chemical Analyses and Calculated Compound Composition of
Cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tests of Mortars and Concretes Made with Laboratory-Prepared
Ce.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
mentsof Varied MgO Content (Series 230):....
. . ..
(A) Strengths of Mortars and Concretes
(B) Burning and Analytical Data of Cements and Length Changes
of Neat Cement Bars
Strength Tests of Neat Cement and 1-3 Staiidard Sand Mortar Briquets
Before and After Autoclaving (Series 270). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST
Fig.
1. Free CaO in Commercial Portland
2. Free MgO in Commercial Portland
3S
40
44
56
59
60
65
70
72
74
76
77
78
81
83
84
85
86
I
92
OF FIGURES
Page
Cement Clinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement Clinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
4
v
Page
3. Diagrams (Fig. 1 to 9 inclusive) from The Autoclave Test and Interpretations,
by R. N, Young, J1. American Concrete Institute Sept. oct.,1937,
p. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
~
4. Effect of FreeLime Contentof
Cement on Len,gth Changes of Neat Cementand
l2 Mortar Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
5. Length Changes of ~~eat and 1-2 Mortar Bars During 10 YearsJ Storage
in Waterat70F.
or in Air at70t0800F.,
and 50Yo Relative Humidity,
and of Neat Bars During the Autoclave Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . inserted
~~~e~Z.between
~~d~1
6. Effect of Free CaO and MgO Contents of Cements on Length Changes of
22
1 x 1 x 1l$in. Neat Cement Bars and 2 x 2 x 9&in. 1-2 Mortar Bars. . .
7, Effect of Free CaO on the Expansion in Water of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Bars
and 2 x 2 x 9~-in. Mortar Prisms Made from Cements of Varied MgO
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4
23
8, Effect of MgO Content of Cement on Length Changes of Neat Cement
andl2 Mortar Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
9, Effect of MgO and Free CaO Contents of Cement on Length Changes
of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. h-eat Cement and 2 x 2 x 9$in. Mortar Prisms. . . . . . .
29
10. Effect of MgO and Free CaO Contents of Cement on Length Changes of
1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement and 2 x 2 x 9~-in. Mortar Bars During 10
Years Storage in WaterorinAir..
.. . . ...........................
30
11. Relationships between the Length Changes, the MgO Undissolved (after
10 minutes in 2N HhOS Containing 10 ml. of 48% HF), and the MgO
Content of Cements Prepared from Plant-Cooled,
Quickly-Cooled and
Slowly-Cooled Commercial Clinkers of Varied Composition. . . . . . . . . .
33
12, Comparison of the Length Changes and Undissolved lMgO (after 10 minut es in 2N HRTOs Containing 10 ml. 4870 HF) for Cements Prepared
from Slowly- and Quickly-Cooled Commercial Clinkers of Varied MgO
34
Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
13, Photomicrographs
of Clinkers 3Sand3Q.
...........................
14. Comparison of the Length Changes of Neat Cement and Mortar Bars for
Cements Prepared from Slowly- and Quickly-Cooled Clinkers of Varied
MgoC ontent.,
............... ..................................
37
15, Relationships between Length Change and Free CaO Content of Cements
Prepared from Plant-Cooled,
Quickly- and Slowly-Cooled Commercial
39
Clinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ...+.
.
16. Relationships between Length Change, Water Requirement and CSA Content for Cements Prepared from Plant-Cooled,
Quickly-Cooled
and
Slowly-Cooled Commercial Clinkers (MgO Content of Cements Less
43
than 2%and Free CaOContent
0.85% or Less) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17. Effect of Calculated C~A Content of Cement on Length Changes of Neat
Cement and Mortar Bars Prepared from Quickly-Cooled and Slowly45
Cooled Commercial Clinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18. Effect of CIAF Content of Cement on Length Changes of Neat Cement
and Mortar Bars During Storage in Water or in Air, and on Autoclave
46
Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars with
19, Comparison of
MgO and Free CaO Contents of 34 Commercial High-Early Strength
48
Portland Cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars for Cement No. 8
20.
-49
(PCA5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Length
(1-mngm
Length
Changes
..
V1
Page
21, Expansion of 1 x 1 x 1I+-in. Neat Cement Bars During .Autoclaving and
During 16 Years Storage in Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22. Comparison of Expansion Characteristics
of 34 High-Early Strength Cements with Compressive Strength of Concrete and Mortar.
.
23, Comparison of Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars with
MgOPlus l?ree CaOContents
of Cements. . . . . . . . . . . .. ~. . . . . . . . . . . .
24. Length Changes of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars During Autoclaving
and During 15 Years Storage in Water or in Air as Influenced by MgO
Content of Cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25, Comparison of the Average Length Changes of N-eat Cement Bars During
15 Years Storage in Water at 70 to 75F, and During 10 Years Storage
in Air at 70 to 80F. and 5070 R.H, with the Average Length Changes
During Autoclave Test (ASTM C151) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~6. Comparison of the Average Length Changes of Neat Cement and 12
Mortar Bars During 10 Years Storage in V7ater with the Average
Length Changes During the Autoclave Test (ASTM C151),
.
.
27. Linear Expansions for Blends of Portland and Natural Cements
..
28. Relationship
between Free CaO Content of Cements and the Flexural
and Compressive Strength of 12 Mortar Bars During Storage in Air
or Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29, Relationship between MgO Content of Cements and the Flexural and Cornpressive Strength of 12 Mortars During Storage in Air or Water. . . . . .
30, Comparison of Strength Ratios of Neat Cement and 13 Mortar Briquets
with the Expansions of 1 x 1 x 11&in. ~~eat Cement Bars in the Autoclave Test (ASTM C151) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
51
52
5,3
57
58
69
89
90
93
,
I~w+jTIGATIONs
OF
CHARACTERISTICS
THE
HYDRATION
OF PORTLAND
ExpA~TsK)AT
CEMENTS
By H. F, GONNERM.AN1,WILLIAM LERCH2 AND THOMAS M. WHITES[DE3

INTRODUCT1O~
Since the adoption of the autoclave
test in 1940 there has not been a reported
case of abnormal expansion in pavements
or structures that has been attributed to
the use of unsound cement. This 12-year
record of experience provides ample justification for the continued use of the autoclave test, During this 12-year period the
maximum limit on autoclave expansion
was 0.50 Y. except that during the 2&year
period, August 23, 1942 to November 25,
1944, War Production Board Limitation
Order L-1 79 permitted a maximum autoclave expansion of 1.0 ~o.
This paper summarizes some of the
significant results of extensive inves-
tigations of the volume change characteristics
of portland. cement pastes
which have been made by the Research
Laboratories of the Portland Cement Association and the Portland Cement Association Fellowship, The results of these
studies indicate the primary causes of unsoundness in portland cement and the
relationships
between the results obtained by various accelerated tests, particularly the autoclave
test, and the
length change characteristics
of neat cemortars
and
concretes
ment pastes,
stored under controlled laboratory conditions.
l~olume stability is one of the most important characteristics

to be desired in
portland cement mortars and concretes.
Regardless of what other properties it
may possess, unless the mortar or concrete has a high degree of volume stability, it cannot be expected to produce
structures that will be free from objectionable volume change and cracking
which may contribute to gradual deterioration. Abnormal expansion of concrete
resulting from the use of unsound cement has been a serious cause of such
cracking and deterioration.
The undesirable effects of unsound cement have been recognized in cement
specifications over the years, Specifications in this and other countries have
contained
some type of accelerated
soundness test ever since the inception of
The first
specifications
for cement.
ASTM specifications for portland cement
adopted in 1904 contained the pat test
as an accelerated test for soundness and
this test was continued in ASTM specifications until 1940 when the autoclave
test was first adopted,
I Research Consultant.
z Head, Performance Tests Group, Portland Cement
~h~a~:ion Research and Development Laboratories,
~Ass&iate Research Engineer, Portland Cement
&h~a$;ion Research and Development Laboratories,
HISTORY
OF SOUNDNESS
TESTS
ing suitable tests for soundness has been

given much attention. In general, soundness tests fall into two categories designated as normal or accelerated.
The literature on the testing of cement

is extensive and the many different tests
for soundness or constancy of volume
cited indicate that the problem of devis1
,!
}
H. F. GONNERMAN,W. LERCH AND T, M. IVHITESIDE
Soundness tests made under normal

storage and temperature
conditions require too long a time to yield significant
data and therefore usually are not well
suited for acceptance tests of cement.
Neverthelessj it is interesting to note that
8 countries continue to include the cold
water pat test and 2 countries include the
air-stored pat test in their specifications
for portland cement (Q*.
In considering the relative value of
normal
versus accelerated
soundness
tests, it is important to remember that
although the final measure of the soundness of the cement in service is more
accurately determined by subjecting the
cement paste to normal conditions of
moisture and temperature for relatively
long periods of time, it is expediency
which has made the accelerated test more
popular.
The objective of all accelerated soundness tests is to speed up the hydration of
those constituents in the cement that are
likely to give rise to large volume changes
after the cement has been put into service. Accelerated tests now in general use
involve subjecting a hardened cement
paste to an elevated temperature in the
presence of moisture for various periods
of time. After the heating period, the
specimen is examined
for distortion,
cracking and disintegration,
or is measured for the quantitative
change in VOIume. The efficacy of such tests in
revealing unsoundness
depends on the
age of the cement and the test specimens
when tested, the temperature
to which
the specimen is subjected, and the time
that it is held at that temperature.
The accelerated
tests for soundness
most frequently used in the testing of
cement are:
(1) The Hot Water or Sieam Test (Pat
Test). Neat cement pats are kept
moist for 24 hours then exposed
to boiling water or steam usually
from 3 to 5 hours and observed for

cracking, etc. This test was included in ASTM specifications
from 1904 to 1940 when it was replaced by the autoclave test, A
test of this type is included in the
specifications of 10 countries (1},
(2 The LeChatelier Test. 30 mm, diameter cylindrical
neat cement
specimens after curing in cold
water (usually 24 hours) are exposed for 3 to 6 hours in boiling
water and the resulting expansion
measured by means of the LeChatelier tongs. This test is required in various forms and with
various limits in the specifications
of 14 clifferent countries (1).
(3) Tke Adoclave Test. 1 by l-in. neat
bars of 10-in. * effective gage length
are kept moist for 24 hours then
exposed to steam for 5 hours, 3
hours at temperature of 420F. and
295 lb. pressure, and measured for
length. This test is used by the U.
S. and 7 other countries with
a maximum limit on expansion
ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 Y. (1).
In addition to the above, the following
accelerated tests for soundness, as described by Taylor (2) and others, are of
historical interest:
(1) The boiling test (first proposed
by Michaelis in 1870) ~eat cement balls about 5 Crnl in diameter are kept moist for 24 hours,
then placed in cold water and
raised to boiling,
(2) Warm water test (proposed by
Henry
Faija
in 1882)Pats
molded on glasscured moist 6
to 7 hours at 105 to 110F. and
in water at 115F, for the balance
of the 24 hours.
by
(3) Hot water test (advocated
Deval and others in 1891)
Somewhat similar to the warm
* ATumbersin parentheses refer to references at end of

paper.
*ASTJIspecifications permit the use of 1 by l-in.

bars of 5-in. effective gage length in routine tests.
HYDRATION EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS

water test except that temperature raised to i30 to 200F~and
time increased to 6 days.
(4) Maclays tests (suggested by W.
IV. Maclay in 1892)Six pats
subjected to clifferent temperatures and moisture conditions and
compared for cracking, etc.
(5) The kiln test (attributed to both
Dr. Bohme and Prof. Tetmajer
about 1890)A cake of neat cement, after 24 hours curing n
moist air, is gradually heated
upon a metal plate in dry air to
100C. or higher until no more
moisture is evolved (about 3 hr.).
In a modification of this test a
moist atmosphere
was used in
place of dry air.
(6) The Heintz ball testA ball of
neat cement, about 2 in. in diameter, after setting is heated
over a Bunsen burner,
(7) Prussings press cake testA dry
mixture of cement and 5 to $ %

water is pressed in a mold to
make 2 cakes. After 24 hours in
moist air they are cured in
water--one
at normal terrrperature and the other in warm water
at 90 to 100F.
(8) Deva\s hot test (recommended in
1890)A comparison of tensile
strengths of briquets (l3 mix) at
various ages, cured either in hot
water or in water at ordinary
room temperature.
(9) Calcium chloride test (suggested
by Candlot)Pat
gaged with 4 %
CaClz solution then placed in a
cold 4 % CaClz solution for 24
hours and examined for cracks,
etc.
(lo) Bauschingers methodA special
micrometer
and caliper used to
measure the expansion of 100 by
22 by 22-mm. prisms after storage in hot water of any desired
temperature.
I
*
/.
CAUSES OF UNSOUNDNESS
Uncombined or free CaO in portland
cement can lead to unsoundness; and excessive volume change. The presence of
free CaO in cement may be the result of
either incorrect proportioning of the raw
materials which introduces an excess of
C2CI into the mix over that needed for
proper combination, insufficient grinding
of the raw materials, or of the underburning of a properly-proportioned,
properlyground raw mixture. The free CaO in the
clinker from a well-burned, over-limed or
coarsely ground raw mixture is likely to
be harder burned and to hydrate more
slowly and thereby cause greater expansion than that in an under-burned mixture.
Insley ancl McMurdie (s) state that:
fect batch mixing. Single grains, which are

often located at the centers of C&, are evidently the result of imperfect diffusion during reaction to form CZS and C$.
Hard-burned,
crystalline MgO (periclase) when present in cement in excessive amounts also has been found to
produce large expansions which may not
develop for a considerable period of time
because hard-burned MgO reacts S1OW1
y
with water. Insley and McMurdie
(3)
have reported that free MgO occurs in
commerical clinker almost without exception as separate grains in the interstitial constituents (Fig.2).
Bogue
(4) has
shown
that
the
3Ca0 AIZOS content of the cement has
a significant effect on the autoclave expansion.
He found that for slowly-cooled
Free Cao usually occurs as rounded
clinker,
where
the 3Ca0 oAIzOawas crysgrains, either singly or in aggregates (Fig. 1).
the autoclave
expansion
in-aggregates appear to be the result of imper- tallized,
-.
t!.
!.
i
:
I@.
. .
Fig. 1. (Left.) Free CaO in commercial portlanrl cement clinker.

Polished specimen, etched with 1:1 alcohol-water solution for 2 minutes. Reflected light. Magnification 1,000X. (Insley and McMurdie).
Fig. 2.(Right.) Free MgO in commercial
Polished specimen, unetched. Reflected light. Magnification SOOX.(Insley and McMurdie).
portlancf
cement
clinker.

creased when the calculated or potential
3CaO AlzOt content exceeded about 6
to 8 per cent. With quickly-cooled
clinker, where the CaO and A1203 in the
glass are not present as the simple compound 3Ca0 .AIZOS,the potential or calculated 3Ca0 oAIZ03 has no significant
effect on expansion.
According to Lea and Desch ($ Lerch
(6), and others, calcium sulfate when
present in large amounts may cause ex-
cessive expansion after setting and hardening owing to the continued formation
of calcium sulfo-aluminate.
Expansion
due to this cause is not common in commercial cements since specifications restrict the SOS content to values below the
point of possible danger. Lerch (6) and
Meissner (7) have shown that the expansion caused by large additions of gypsum
is not detected by either the pat test or
the autoclave test for soundness.
PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE AUTOCLAVETEST

During the period 1932-1940, much
research work on the question of soundness was carried out by the Portland Cement .4ssociation and other agencies and
much valuable inforrnat ion on this subject became available. Most of this work
clealt with the autoclave test, which at
that time had not been adopted as a
standard method of test in any national
specifications for portland cement, but
which had been adopted by some state
highway departments and was used as a
control test by most manufacturers
of
portlan~ cement in this country and in
several foreign countries.
Probably the first investigator to use
the autoclave in testing cement was Dr.
L, Erdmenger (@ of Germany, who used
it in his studies of the effect ot MgO on
unsoundness in portland cement, ancl as
early as 1881 recommended
it in Germany for testing the constancy of volume. This test next attracted attention
in 1912 when H. J. Force, Chemist and
Engineer of Tests of the D. L. & W.
Rai.road, published an article (!)) recommending an autoclave test for cement.
.4t the .4STM Convention at Atlantic
City in June 1913, Force presented a
paper 110) which illustrated the apparatus, described the test, and presented results of tests of cements from a number
of plants. The test data included tensile
strengths of neat briquets at 24 hours and
of companion briq~-lets autoclave
at the
age of 24 hours and then tested for tensile

strength, the autoclave expansion of 1 by
1 by 6-in. neat bars, the tensile strength
of standard sand briquets cured in wat,er
up to 6 months, and a limited amount of
information on the chemical composition
of the cements. The method of conducting the autoclave test and the specification limits used by the D. L. & }V. Railroad are given in the following extract
from their specifications for portland cement (10),
Sowtdness: Force -Autoclave Test
Three neat briquets to be made up in the
usual manner and allowed to remain in the
damp closet for 24 hours. .4t the expiration
of that time, the briquets are to be removed
from the molds and placed in the autoclave,
sufficient water being added to partly or
wholly cover the briquets. The autoclave is
then closed, the burners being of sufficient
size to raise the pressure to 295 lb. in not
more than 1 hour. The pressure of 295 lb.
shall be maintained for 1 hour longer, or a
total time of 2 hours. The pressure is then
gradually released, the briquets taken out
and placed in the moist closet, where they
shall be allowed to remain for 1 hour. At the
end of that time they are to be broken in the
standard cement testing machine in the
usual manner. The average tensile strength
of the three briquets taken from the autoclave must show a tensile strength of not
less than 500 lb. per sq. in. They must also
show an increase of not less than 25 per
cent over the average tensile strength of
three briquets broken at the age of 24 hours.
H. F. GONNERMAN,W. LERCH AND T, M. WHITESIDE
A bar of neat cement, 6 in. long by l-in.

square shall be made up at the same time the
briquets are made. This expansion bar to
remain in the moist closet for 24 hours and
to be removed along with the briquets and
tested with the briquets in the autoclave,
as indicated above. After 1 hour in the moist
closet, this expansion bar shall not show an
expansion greater than 0,5 per cent.
I% a few years following the publication of Forces paper, the autoclave test
was given some study, notably by \17ig
and Davis (11), but was never adopted
by the ASTM as a standard until 19-N,
Since about 1926, and particularly since
1934, the autoclave test in various forms,
was given serious attention by a number
of agencies including ASTM Committee
C-1, manufacturers
of portland cement,
and the Portland Cement Association. A
resum6 of some of the published articles
along with the results of some later
studies of this test will now be presented.
Autoclave Tests by R. N. Young. In
1937, R. AT. Young presented data (12)
correlating the results of autoclave tests
on neat cement bars with the expansions
and contractions
of similar bars when
stored for long periods as follows:
(1) Continuously in water,
(2) In air outdoors protected from direct sunshine and rain,
(3) In the laboratory at 70F. and 50
per cent relative humidity.
Youngs tests included data on 186 commercial normal portland cements gathered from various parts of the country,
All except one of these 186 cements were
sound in the ASTM pat test over boiling
~,ater, but 18 of them showed autoclave
expansions above 1 per cent by Youngs
method of test which Young stated produced expansions equivalent to about 60
per cent of those produced by ASTM
Method C151. The expansion of these 18
cements in water at 4 years averaged
about 0,32 per cent as compared with
about 0.20 per cent for the remaining 168
cements. Young considered that cements
showing a hydration expansion of 0.3 per

cent, or less, in neat cemint specimens
during 4 years storage in water were
acceptable.
In air storage at 50 per cent relative
humidity, or in storage outdoors, the cements
of high autoclave
expansion
showed a distinct tendency first to contract for 6 to 12 months and then to expand until in many cases disintegration
occurred. The diagrams in Fig. 3 taken
from Youngs paper illustrate this behavior. Young also pointed out that the
effect of CS.A content was to increase
autoclave expansion and above about 11
per cent to increase the contraction in air
and in outdoor storage, He found that
the expansions under wet storage were
not influenced by the CSA content.
Studies by L, S, Brown and M. A.
Swayze. In a paper (13) published in 1938,
Brown and Swayze reported the results
of their studies of the action of:
(1) Water at 70F.,
(2) The ASTM steam test, and
(3) The autoclave test,
on the degree of hydration of free CaO
and crystalline
MgO in cement and
pointed out that it is the reaction of
these oxides with water to form Ca(OH)z
and Mg(OH)z which is accompanied by
volume increases of 97 and 118 To respectively, that causes excessive expansion and cracking of concrete,
These authors reported finding three
forms of free CaO in portland cement
which they designated as:
lime (quicklime);
(1) Lig~t-bur~ed
hydrates rapidly,
(2) Hard-burned lime; hydrates slowly
and is the most dangerous form,
hard-burned
lime;
(3) Air-slaked
found in cements originally containing free CaO that have been
held in open storage for more than
a few hours.
Brown and Swayze imply that the
grains of CaO and MgO found in cement
will, in general, be more or less sur-
7
,uents 01 me
rounded by the other constit

their hyclracement which tend to delay ~
tion. They state that:
exposed,
For free Cao W-sins entmely
..
:-.~.
.~[e have been unable to find anY
Illillcu , *V
unhydrateu-~ coO
ua~ in autoclave specimens,
Magnesia ar>pears to be unaffected by
the,. ~o;l
_.1 the autoclave it is rapidly
,,,. t~~t.
.. . In
attacked, with size limits for separate grams
i
7
:~.
n
4%T0rTTl
,0.2
t-/
.......
.,!ndllll,. -
;mLL..lJ~
c~
?=iUr-lI I
.,,!.!,.....
-0.40,\~~56
AqeatTest. yeara
P,. 0, (.,,,. #,,

,,8,,,.!! .aam,d Imk..
!0 *I
10 d.>W..IO.
.114 out~..,
.,0,...
MU* ,,,,, ,4,,,,,.,.,,,,,,
.,. !.,,.-.
Em
I
\-Al
l?ig,
(Fig. 1 to 9 incluslve)
2345
qeatTea+- years
:rom
The Autoclave
~L-l
661012146
r.A
-, .. c.hn+
.. . - Derten+
Test and Interpretations
16
by R.
Young. Journal American Concrete Institute Sept.-OctQ,1937, p. 13.

in the vicinity of 20 microns. In general the
the maximum size that will be completely
grains of magnesia found in cements will be
hydrated in the boil testis approximately 20 considerably under 20 microns.
microns. Grains exceeding 20 microns are
Moreover, the autoclave t~st is much
not uncommon in commercial products. The
more effective than the boil test m hydrating
maximum size that can be hydrated in the
rement minerals, thus diminishing the likeautoclave treatment has not been deter-
X.
3. Dittgrams
H. I?. GONNERMAN)\Y. LERCH AND T. M, \\-H~~ESIDE
Iihood that enclosed lime or magnesia grains

can survive the treatment unaffected. It
has been shown that it is possible for free
CaO to remain unhydrated through the boil
test, and magnesia is quite untouched; on
the other hand, the autoclave treatment is
found to hydrate nearly, if not quite completely, free CaO and magnesia as they
usually occur in portland cement.
same degree of expansion. This is accounted

for by the degree of burning and the density
of the clinker. In cements made of porous,
underburned clinker the free CaO is more
accessible to water and is more fully hydrated before the cement sets, thereby reducing the expansive force. Increasing the
fineness of cement also reduces expansion
for the same reason.
The conclusions
Swayze were:
Mr. Fox also discussed the autoclave

test with respect to its value for control
of burning at the plant and indicated
the measures to be taken at the plant
in order to avoid high autoclave expansions caused by either free CaO or MgO.
Discussion of Magnesia and the A zdoclave Tesi by H. H. Vaughan. In a. pamphlet (16) published
in 1938, H. H.
Vaughan raised a number of important
questions regarding the significance of
the autoclave test with respect to MgO
in cement although he seemed convinced
of its usefulness in detecting free CaO.
From extensive study of a number of
investigations
and some additional tests
of his own, as well as from his experience
over a period of years with a rather high
magnesia portland
cement in Brazil,
Vaughan concluded that:
drawn by Brown and
First, that the present ASTM steam

test is entirely inadequate as an indicator
of the tendency toward delayed expansion.
Not only is crystalline magnesia completely
unaffected by the steam treatment, but the
larger free CaO grains are incompletely
attacked by the test. Small grains of lime
inside the clinker particles remain essentially
unchanged.
fjecond, the 5-hour autoclave test at
-120F. (14) furnishes a reliable index for
this type of unsoundness. In only the coarsest of cement particles can lime and crystalline magnesia escape the complete action
of the high pressure treatment.
Discussion of the A uioclave Test by J.
J. Fox. J. J. Fox made the following significant statements
in the July 1937
issue of Pit and Quarry (15):
The expansion undergone by neat cement bars when subjected to the autoclave
test may be due to either free lime or magnesia or to a combination of the two, The
amount of expansion contributed by each
depends largely upon the physical characteristics oi the clinker which are influenced
by the burning temperature and the rate
of cooling.
The same percentages of free CaO in different cements do not always produce the
INVESTIGATIONS
There is no experimental evidence supporting the theory of abnormal delayed expansion caused by magnesia and high expansion in the autoclave test does not determine
that the cement is of unsatisfactory quality. The autoclave test determines the presence of free lime that remains unhydrated
after the preparation of the specimen.
Additional data have been obtained
which throw further light on the questions he raises. These will be presented
later in this paper,
BY THE PORTLAND
LABORATORY-PREPARED
Since 1932 the PCA Fellowship at the

National Bureau of Standards and the
Research Laboratory
at Chicago ha~~e
conducted numerous tests of both corrl-
CEMENT
PORTLAND
ASSOCTIATION
OF
CEMENTS
mercial and laboratory-prepared

cements
in an effort to determine what constituents of the cement produce high expantiions in the autoclave
test and to
HYDRATION EXPAXSION (k.kR.$cTERrsrlcs

compare the autoclave expansions with
the length changes of corresponding specimens stored in water and in air. In
one of the first groups of tests at the
Fellowship, specimens made with the
pure compounds C&, CzS, CW4, C4AF,
and mixtures of these compounds, were
tested in the autoclave and during storage in water and in air. In one case 5 per
cent of crystalline MgO was added to a
synthetic mixture of C3S and C2S.The results are given in Table 1, which is from
Paper 55 of the Fellowship (Ii). It will
be noted that both when tested alone and
in synthetic mixtures, the compounds
C3S, C2S and CAAF showed slight contractions in the autoclave test. C3A when
tested alone disintegrated
in the autoclave and when added in the amount of
15 YOto a synthetic mixture of C$ and
CZS the mixture showed an expansion of
about 1 Y. in the autoclave test. An expansion of about 1 % also occurred when
5 Y. of crystalline MgO (periclase) was
added to a synthetic mixture of pure C&
and C2S, The principal value of these
results is in showing the possible effects
of these various compounds on the autoclave expansions of commercial cements.
Other series of tests conducted by the
Portland Ce~ent Association on the volume change characteristics
of portland
cement are listed as follows:
series
K-2) :
.Series
to
(Fellowship
Investigation
Influence
of Composition
on the
Qualities of Portland Cement
laboratory-prepared
cements with
MgO added; C3S constant,
5 laboratory-prepared
cements with
MgO substituted for CaO; C$ decreases.
.s
1i~.
2.?o
255 (Fellowship
Investigation
C-
8-9) :
;,
Investigation
of 34 High-Early
Strength
Commercial
Portland
Cements
Initial tests made in cooperation

with the Sponsoring Committee
on High-Early Strength of ASTM
Committee C-1 and reported by
the Working Committee on Volume Change and Soundness of
Portland Cement in the 1936 Proceedings of the ASTM, v. 36, I,
page 225. (18)
.Series
K-2) :
260
(Fellowship
Investigation
Effect of Fineness, Composition and

Clinker
Burning
Temperature
on
Strength and Volume Change Characteristics of Portland Cement
cements.
Series 263:
Autoclave and Length Change Tests
of 418 Commercial Portland Cements
and 213 Special and Miscellaneous
Commercial Portland Cements.
Series
K-4) :
270
(Fellowship
Investigation
Tests of Heat-Treated
Commercial
Clinkers
116 cements prepared from 26 commercial clinkers before and after
heat treatment in laboratory.
,$cries 271:
Cooperative Autoclave Tests of Portland Cements
Initially reported by the Working
Committee
on Volume Change
and Soundness in the 1938 Proceedings of the ASTM, v. 38, page
280, Part I. (19).
35 commercial cements.
Series 276:
Tests
for Grindability
and
Clinker
Properties
of Quickly-and
SlowlyCo~led Grab Samples from Comm&-cial Kilns
61 cements ground in the laboratory
,.
E3
C,s
p;
(C3S 42.5)
(C,S 42.5)
(CaA 15.0)
(C,S 42.5)
C,S 42.5)
(C4AF 15.0)
(C,s 47.5)
(C,s 47.5)
(itrgo 5.0)
+.012
.052
9.7 15.0 +.0s0
96
91
87
II
4080 4350 4660 457059707300 12.9 14.0 16.0 82
560 870 20503400 44005900 9.0 12.7 16.1 35
+.003
7.9 10.8 +.003

53
63
. 032 . 026 .020

7.5 8.5 .032
48 ,..
+-031
+.057
+.035
+.010
+.022
+.980
7.5 11.3 +.006
50
x
x
+.119
+.010
.030
+.062
+.063 -.050
.018 ! .018
.150
.031
+-060
+.os~
.100
.016i
6m.
.
.125
.o25
1 ly.
.
+.006
.064
+.006
-.0.S6
.000 .006
-t-.oO6 -.050
+.127
.070
-.010
. 069, -.078
.010
-.101
-.094
.100
.025 .o25
.094
+.121
. 102
.094
+.121
-.076
+.127
.107 -.113
.035 .041
.085
.02s
.056 .077
+.127
+1.780 +1.770
x
x
. 157 .187 -.187
.031 -044 .050
+2. 750 +1.820 +1.8W+1.800

x
x
x
x
+ .989 +.151
+-137
.063
.006
3m.
. 082 .082 .100 .116

.022! .022 .038 .051
28d.
.Om, --.063
.Ooo -.012
7d.
.063
.006
Air Curing
.000, .0.50
.000 .006
Curingb
Preiim.
Lengtil Change of. 1-2 Mortar Bars During 7d.

Preliminary Moist Curing and Subsequent
Storage in Air
+.021
.Ooo .070 .076
.030 -.010 . 022 .022
+:037
x
x
.020 . 020
+-053
+ .983 +.989
+.119
..
+.980
+.112
89 :0.7 12.5 +.980
+.087
+.012
.052
ly.
+.013 +.013
.019 : .013
+.012
-.052
6m.
+.650 +1.27 +1.65

-.006 +.019 +.037
9.1 12.2
.Ooo .Ooo +.010 +.016
9.8 11.1 -.040 .030 .030 -.030
*::;I
67
57
x
x
57
58
x
x
970 12402860 4550 4830 6.WO 8.9,14.9 17.4 45

4350 .M305330569065107360 10.311.1 12.9 57
I
16.7 22.0 72
1030 17203260 47206350786012.2
+.545
x
. . . . . ~:;:;
... ...
4(W 510 630.1290 . . 3060 17.8 20.1 30.0 . . .

650 660 770 78o . . . 180024.5 25.4 25.8 .
700 930 20304030 4700643010.6 15.1 18.2 36

II
Autociave ,366o 3700 3780 3250 43tN15600112.813.0,13.3 47
Normal
+.006
.052
.000 +.013
.000
.000
.031 .025 .025 -.019
+.006
-.052
28d.
3m.

..
.
5.821.3
9.019.7
95
84
88
83
+.006
.052
7d.
..
..
Tr. Tr.
Tr. Il.
33
32
3d. 28d. 3d.a
!8d ly.

Length Ci]ange of Neat Bars in Water TO
. . +.256
x
...
21.2 62
16.4 79
13.8 5
8.0 25
jd.
IgjkSd
Ypozo
Hydroi-
25.0 84 01 41
37.0 202 !01 !04
[1
lW1 230 67012430.3280[42Q0 1.9 4.3
43605200 6730628070007030 6.5 7.1
(1
22503200 5750593017830803013.6,19.8
48804960 56305400 563@MOO15.616.1
I
!
16.619.4
100 120 230 8x
x 36.4]36.5
x
x
x
x
x
3d. 7d. 28d. 3m. 6m. lY. 3d. 28d. Iy.
Store<i in Water after Id. in Fixed Water Heat of Hydration cai.

Moid or after Autociavmg
per g.
Ignitc~ Basis
Autociave 38803950 4!004200 53005730 9.1 9.5 9.3 43
Normai
Autoclave
Normal
Normal
Autociave
Normai
Autoelavc
Normai
Autociave
Normai
Autoclave
Normai
Autoclave
Curing
Condition
_..
Neat Cement Pastes in Seaicd Vials,

4070 Water
+.430 +.418 +.418 +.408~ +.3921 +.386

+1.016 +1.olt
57 57 9.7 9.9,+ 1.000+1.000,+1.010,+1.016
. ...
a Normaliv-cured neat sDecimens were 1 dav in moid and then continuously in water. Autoclave neat specimens were 1 day in mold, 1 day in autoclave, maximum temperature 350F., and
then continu&rsly in water:
b Normaliy-cured 12 mortar specimens were 1 day in moid, 6 days in water, and then continuously in air. Autoclave 12 mortar specimens were 1 day in mold, 1 day in autoclave. maximum temperature 350F., 5 days in water and then cent inuously in air.
xSpecimen disintegrated.
50]
C4AF
C,A
BCZS
Composition
Compressive Strers@h of
l-in. 13 Mortar Cubes,
ib. per sq. in.
TABLE I.COMPARATIVE RESULTS OBTAINED ON NORn~ALWATER CURING AND HIGH pRESSURE sTEA~I CURING OF CE~fENT CO~~pOUNDSAND CERTAIN MLYTfJRES
OF CEMENT COM1OUNDS
(Tests by Portland Cement Assn. Fellowship)
Gypsum a{ided to give 1.8% S03 and ground to about 2200 sq. cm. pm gm.
.
_ . ..
..
..
_
..
HYDR.iTION EXPANSION CH.\RXTERI STICS

from commercial clinker manufactured at 3 different plants.
Series
K-5):
277
(Fellowship
Investigation
Effect of Composition, Heat Treatment and Cooling on the Volume

Change Characteristics
of Portland
Cement
cements.
Series 308:
Investigations
of Five Types of Portland Cement (20)
25 commercial cements.
Long-Time SiZtdy of Cement Performance
in Concrete: (21)
27 commercial portland cements including 6 air-entraining
portland
cements.
In these various investigations a total
of 1086 cements were tested comprising
cements manufactured at the Fellowship and 813 portland and miscellaneous
cements from
commercial plants. Partial results from
some of these series of tests were reported
by R. H. Bogue in Paper 55 of the Portland Cement Association Fellowship (I?).
E~ect of FrceCaO on A utocla~e Expansion
a]td Length Change
Uncombined or free CaO is the constituent most responsible for unsoundness and high volume change in cement
paste, Expansion due to free CaO occurs
relatively quickly in specimens stored
continuously
in water although under
some conditions when neat cement specimens are stored in air several months
may elapse before its effects are manifested. Prof. A, H. White (22) has pointed
out the harmful effects of free Cao.
In Tables2 and 3 and in Fig. 4, 5, 6
and 7, data are presented from ~ groups
of laboratory
cements prepared
from
quickly-cooled clinker in April, May and
October 193j by the PCA Fellowship.
11
In each group there were four cements

in which the free CaO content varjed
from O to 3.5 % with the MgO content
of each group approximately
constant
but increasing stepwise from group to
group from about 1 % to about 7%. For
six of the seven groups (Table 3 and Fig.
5 and 6) the calculated CSA and CAAF
contents were essentially
constant
at
about 7 and 12 Y. respectively for each
group, but the C3S varied, with a corresponding variation in CZS.In the other
group the C3A and CAAF contents were
constant at about 12.3 Y. and 6.3 Y. respectively, but the CZS varied. The calculated compound compositions, results
of ASTM pat tests for soundness, autoclave expansions and strength results for
these 7 groups of cements are given in
Table 3 which was compiled from data
contained in Tables D, E and F of the
Appendix.
All of these cements yielded sound pats
when tested for soundness in accordance
with the Standard
ASTM Method of
Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement
Over Boiling Water (Pat Test), C189.
The autoclave expansions of these cements ranged from a low of 0.01470 to a
high of 21.1%. (Table 3).
The Research Laboratory made autoclave tests with three groups of these
cements at three different times, May
1936, February
1937 and April 1937,
when the cements, which were stored in
sealed metal containers,
were approximately one and two years old. The cements of these three groups had MgO
contents of 3,0 to 3.6 per cent. The results of these tests (Table 2) show that
the autoclave expansion increased with
increasing free CaO content, and that
the expansion caused by free CaO generally decreased with the duration of storage. For the three cements having 0.1
per cent, or less, free lime the autoclave
expansions did not exceed 0.05 per cent
and were virtually the same at each of
the first 2 periods of test and the first
5.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
53
22.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
209B
241
242
243
0.1
1.1
;:;
::;
2.6
0.0
::;
0.0
0.8
Free
CaO
c Single test of one bar made at time indicated, one cycle only.
b APPro~imate; specimens expanded against tOP Ofautoclave.
c Average of tests on two bars.
~ Length changes of neat bars were not determined at 28 days.
:;
38
:;
40
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
42
21.0
21.0
?1.0
21.0
208B
217
218
219
24AF MgO
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.6
C2S
40
41
44
40
Cas
21.5
22.0
22.0
21.5
- .
Vater for
N. C., %
211
212
213
214
Cc;:.nt
Calculated Potential Compound

Composition~O
1;::J2
.028
.226
6.28
t2.4b
.015
.184
8.9
13.ob
.-
1700
1790
1660
1730
1720
1680
1760
1740
.044
.101
1710
1770
1770
1760
urf. Area
sq. cm.
per g.
.010
.089
2.516
16.1
.029
.140
.335
.287
.050
.085
.434
14.0
.014
.090
.264
16.1
.030
.136
.275
.266
.049
.097
.394
15.4
.174
.144
.102
.114
.208
.178
.100
+1.60
.154
.176
.230
.224
.154
.175
.252
.369
.086
.105
. !40
.140
.079
.100
.148
.246
.062
.182
.334
.328
.038
.124
.314
ly.
.176
.182
.131
+.956
loy.
_.-
.010
.013
.023
.044
.206
.178
+.135
+2.96
.022
.029
.044
.070
.023
.031
.044
.047
.012
.015
.023
.025
.172
.131
.011
.050
ly.
.028
.034
.056
.086
28d.
.056
.059
.074
.096
. 0s3
.064
.067
.076
.058
.064
.091
.126
Ioy.
In Water (+)
.070
.061
.056
.048
_
.074
.074
.063
.064
.088
.085
.070
.052
28cL
.097
.083
.071
.050
.094
.090
.072
.074
.110
.103
.081
.052
ly.
In Air ()
Mortar Bars
Cent
.017
.018
,032
.056
.178
.166
.050
+1.296
10Y.
Length Changes-Per
In Air ()
.180
.198
.316
.462
Iy.
n Water (+
Neat Barsd
.097
.110
.181
.301
.084
.144
.481
Expansion during 5 hr. in

Autoclave (3 hr. at 420F.)
Mar.-Apr.
1937
_.
Feb.
May
1936a
1937a
2nd
1st
Cycle Cycle
- .
TABLE 2.TESTS OF THREE GROUPS OF LABORATORY-pREPARED

CEMENTS OF VARIED FREE CaO CONTENTSERIES 260
Data compiled from Tables D, E and I? of the Appendix which give details of the tests.
Cements prepared by PCA Fellowship, Natiosml Bureau of Standards in April and May 1935.
Cements stored in sealed metal containers until tested at times indicated m table.
All cements were sound when tested in accordance with the ASTM Method of Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement Over Boiling Water (Pat Test) ~C189.
(A) Length Changes oj 1 z 1 z 11?&n. Neat Cemenl Bars af~d 2 x 2 x 9M-in., I-Z Mortar Bars
(Bars read initially upon removal from molds at age of 1 day)
.091
.081
.064
.054
.093
.090
:074
.071
.106
.091
.061
.032
loy.
-.
1380
1385
1330
1270
1370
1385
1405
1295
1195
1165
1115
1155
1180
1145
1110
965
208B
217
218
219
209B
241
242
243
cube
1375
1430
1330
1335
1100
1125
1195
1120
211
212
213
214
e 5-yearvalue.
/ (jn ~~itied 2-in.
ly.
1280
1125
1175
1180
1240
1105
1205
1105
1435
1295
1360
1390
;Mg
after fiexure test.
1430
1435
1240
1170
1355
1355
1385
1265
1355
1350
28d.
1200
985
1000
820
860
770
900
1060
950
1100
1055
1115
ly.
11360
11520
11610
11570
885
1415
1515
1680
9540
8410
8610
8080
12390
11830
11540
11570
815
745e
750
770e
9370
850
102OC 8190
1050
8150
1050
8440
28d.
12480
12280
11500
11260
ly.
Water Storage
9310
9150
8840
8390
Ioy.
7d. Water then in Air
Flexure
loy.
_..
Water Storage
28d.
CcA~;.nt
13840
13000
13560
13210
14020
12350
13440
13120
136.30
12130
13660
13110
loy.
425
465
515
450
.014
.090
.264
16.1
11700
11150
11080
11300
9490
8100
8170
7250
9710
7910
8230
7020
495
515
530
505
.030
.136
.275
.266
9540
8910
8730
9020
.440
425
505
480
:A) Id.
Moist
Curing
0.75
0.7.5
0.77
0.80
0.91
0.82
0.62
0.00
385
380
320
0
0.88
0.92
0.76
0.00
370
385
410
405
385
390
385
B) ld. 1
Moist
Ratio
5 hr.
lto A
AutocIave
175
130
145
120
180
180
155
155
150
150
190
165
:C) Id.
Moist
Curing
245
220
0
0
265
225
60
195
260
225
65
0
&-:-
D) Id.
$f;i;~
1.40
1.70
0.00
0.00
1.47
1.25
0.39
1.26
1.73
1.50
0.34
0.00
Ratio
Dtoc
I-3 Standard Sand Mortar
Briquet Strength (psi)
-
Neat Cement
.049
.097
.394
15.4
,xp. During
i-hr. AutOIave (3 hr.
at 42001:)
Mar.Apr.
1937
Ist Cycle)
9340e
9310
9700
9400
loy.
8040
7260
7210
7690
8170
8360
8230
8110
ly.
Saoo
7380
7590
7630
8280
S470
8990
8760
28d.
Cornpressionf
Strength of 1-2 Elgin Sand Mortar (psi) Net W/C = 3.91 gal. per sk. Cement
(Wore and After Auloclavins at @C ~OY)
I_-.
OJ%wels
(B) IVc.umrl .Mrcmctltof z z ? x Y!~-in. Mortar bars, Ccr)j;brfissi?c.YlrcngtltiOf ~-itl. Modijed Cubes, and Tensile Strwtll
....
--- .,
.- ..-
-___ .._.
32
46
256
53
45
42
209B
241
242
24.?
s
.
I
I
1.4
0.9
3(
121
I 32
2.0
12 2.95
32
0.1
1.1
12 /3.34
2 1102122
12 1.01
12 1.02
12 3.04
M&
6m.
.145
.107
.115
.136
.275
.266
.264
.090
.104
.100
.163
.100
.178
.208
06
.0s4
.189
.222
+.434
.10.4
.101
.170
+.135
+2 n<
,-.0
.178
.206
.050
.011
.131
.172
+.121
.167
.199
.065
.034
.098
.118
.125
.154
.164
.144
.114
loy.
28d. 6m. ly.
I -
.045.059
:.077.099
In Water (+)
.. . -
-.- --
zE&4E?@E
I
I
. I .090~.105I .12311:-189/
.1s8 .176 .074.082.090.093
-074 .023 .039 .044 .052 .067.067
.*.
..
11 .40
Iff) .zln,
I
1-::~
,.!
;77
1!
.054,.044 .065 ,.070.078 .0981J396
.056 .064 .071 .069 .055 .064 .023 .040 .044 .054 .07~ .074
746 .2&3 ..329 .369 .048,.044. 050,.052,.042
.125 .148.178 22.

*.054 .156 .195.224
..
*. 033 .126 .1611.187

1.2811.313~
.
. ..1.120.140 .164,.;;; .2z:,.0641.0671.0741.074.~,.071
.025.043 -047 .0561.074\.076
*.107,.265 :.297 I.326,
.
.
11111
,.,
,,,
2..__,_ ,,
,
,
,
. .
. ..1.060 .079., W,.133 .154,.070 .088.097 .094.0831.0911.010.020 .022 .037.058.056
* .
.025 0M\0701
1.1561.2001
.080 .100,.120
.075,.083 .083.074 .081 .013 .026 .029.042 .059.059
:.023 . ii3 .1331.158
% % .M)l
*.06 .075
I 1.
.083 .090 .015 .02? .031 .043 .061.064
1.2241.2571
I I I
.. ... W33i
.110 .140.166.208.230
.063 .066.072.074.066
..
80151 ~&.#.lo4.1315450740@37.094.094
.
.
.
.
.0961.0871.0931.012 .0211.0231.0341.054.053
...
. . . .110 .130 .149 .181 .195 .053 .059.065.066 .056 .065 .026.036 .039 .047 .059 .063
*.090,.154 .193 245
.290,.3251
I.
I
I
I
1111
1.
,..
. .
. . .060 .078 .092 .118 .1281.065 .078 .086 .086.074 .082 .015 .022 .023 .034 .049 .049
*.035 .073 .092 .122
.187 .219
.070 .079 .016 .02.3 .026 .036 .052 .052
.110 .071;.090.09~.0961 .083; .091.011 .0,7.018.027 .043.045
.
Mortar Bars
260
,..
2Y. 5Y. ioY. 28d. ~6m. ly. 2y. 5y. iIoy.
In Air ()
*.oM .019 045i-0451

54/ I
.129 .141 .063 .074 .081.080
...
... .070 .090.104 .22
*.039 .084 .101.130
.215 .233
. .
2y. 5y. 10y.128d. 6m. ly.
CEMENTS1.01 TO 1.96%
Id.
In Water (+)
Length ChangesPer Cent
. ..
. ....
---
MI@ CON~~IS~OF CFXENTS2.95 TO 3.34%

.191
.102
Neat Bars
.-
.. .
CONTENT OF
+.416
MgO
Sy.
.174
- - +1.6C
.110
.165
.190]
.167!
.014
.138
.134
+.319
.134
.189
2y.
In Alr ()
.132
.179
ly.
.055 02
.135
.130
.030
I 102
.068
.086
.028 I .170
(Exp %
12 1.96 0.5 I
k
<
G
3116
23/7
32
46
255
29 7
49
<.
v
254
52:26i7
C/J ~
u
u
202A
Cement
No.
Calculated Potential
Compound Composition, %
__.
TABLE 3. TESTS OF SEVEN GROUPS OF LABORATORY-IRIZPAREIJ CEMENTS OF VARIED FR JHZ CaO AND MgO CONTENTSSERIES
Data compiled from Tables D, E and F of the Appendix which give details of the tests.
All cements were sound when tested in accordance with the ASTM Method of Test for %undncss of Hydraulic Cem:n t Over Boiling Water (Pat Test), C189.
(.4)
12 ortar ars
.
..- Lenzth Clumwesof 1 x 1 z 11%-i;a. Neal Cel})etkiB~rs a}$dz z z x g%n..
-.
48
42
39
257
258
259
30
33
41
44
40
212
213
214
12
12
13
12
.085
+.720
3.05
21.1
+.956
.135
+.689
.394
1.9
3.2
6 3.57
7 3.56
1s.4
.131
.178
.097
0.8
6 3.10
.182
.170
.049
0.0
.176
+.902
.072
.150
11.3
6 3.05
3.5
1.6
.141
.150
.154
+ .360 +.694
13.3
14.75
.130
.025 +. 084
.130
.487
11.7
.184
.210
.182
10.8
.100 .190.230 .287 .357 .406 .049 .052 .056 . . . .029 .034 .036 .066 .075 .088..110 .112
.355 .401
*.049 .120 .191$.226
.1201.225.272 .334 .412,.467 .045,.046 .050 . . . .034 .042 .045 .079.087. 101 .118 .123
.
1.427/472
I
*.06J, .176; .245 ;.275
II
I
+. 549
+1. 151 +1.341
+.938
...
.020.060.MO.129.152.177.185
...
tl.421
+1.432
+1.141
-050
.062
.124
+1.229 +1.296
.166
.164
.191
+1.085
.178
.168
.186
CONTENT ox
w61104i143
1
.085,.180 .221.286.366 .420 .055 .059 .061 . . .037.042. 029 . 06s .080 .106 .130 .135
I .4241.494
,
*.039.116,.212,.2401
I
1 gO
::W9
.
+.110
+. 082
. . . .012
111!
111
,.
111
1111111
. .145 .181 .222 .277 .316 .070 .077 .081 .074 .059 .061 .032 .052 .056 .069.090 .091
...364 .404
.025 .152 .214 .247
II
. .
. .255.301 .350,.415 .462,.052 .050 .052 .044 .032 .032.056.080.086
.098 .1z3 .126
[.555,.5871
.125 .317 .395;.4201
.090 .110 .138 .172 -198 .085 .097 .103 .103 .088 .091 .018 .029 .034 .Oti .061 .064
.204 .221
.8.W6.0s4 .090.111
...
. . .080 .097 .120 .154 .180 .088 -103 .110 .112I.103 .106 .017 .027 .028l.037 .0541.058
.176 .196
*.006 .040 .073 .093
CEMENTS3.o5 TO 3.57%
.734 ,.036.032.033
*.122.2871
.403,.4611 1.7%.7791
I
.160 .325.398.512.644
.060 .071 .075 . . . .054 .054 .022 .05.5,.070.091 .117 .123
.028
.065 .145.181 .234 Al; .;;;
.068
.081
.130
II .1761.233/.271 .064 .075 .079 . . . .056 .0611.016!.0431.055 .0801.103 .112

.0401.105.135
.259 .336
.038.103.135
.107
*. . .
.148
.107
n ;0 CONTENTOF CEMENTS
6.95 TO 7.2670
.;;; .056 .066 .074 . . .056 .064 .020 .040 .049 .064 .081 .083
+.511
. . .060 II.125.151 .188 ;;::

.017 .053 .100 .127
.060
.047!.0921.1131.1431.175!.2001.0611.091 .091 .0851.0841.083 .0151.0271.0361.0471.058.074

.069 .115 ,150
... ...
.073
..
11111
.120
*..
TO 4.91%
.090,.175 .208 .252 .312 .350 .052 .053 .059 . . .040 .047 .032 .055 .064.079 .093 ,097
...
.416 .453
.090 . 187\.253 .283
.080 .140.172 .212 .264 .302 .056 .061 .067 .061 .052 .055 .027 .048 .056 .069 .086 -088
.
*.044 .125 .188 .216 .347 .405
.035,.075 .099 .124 .163 .188 .060 .076 .085 .080 .070 .074 .013 .027 .034 .017 .066 .070
...
.205 .231
*.005 .040 .082 .105
.194
+.399
.
.081 .090.087.074.0791.0131.027 .032.044.06S1.066
.177
:2111
TO 4.17%
. . . 1.035.090.,07 1.13~.1711.19d.M~
.184 .230
.009 .038 .078.097
CEMENTS
_..4.04
CON ENT OF CEMENTS 4.61
+ .382
+. 349
+.250
.050 +.046
1.985
x @
+.096
+.086
.040
.085
.100
.253
.158
.154
.184
.178
.170
.123
MAO Comxw
OF
..
.169
.176
.196
.186
.175
* These values obtained by the PCA FfJlowship at the National Bureau Of Standards and include tbe expa nsicm which Occurred between the time of initial reading at <to 3 hours
and the reading at 24 hours when the specimens were removed from the molds. For further deatils see PCA Fellowship Paper No. 5s.
35
40
211
37
12 6.95
33
37
249
I
..
.
12 7.05
26
46
248
0.7
12 6.97
23
50
247
12 17.261 0.3
49
205A
r891
28
2.1
33
39
246
12 4.88
1.0
24
29
44
245
12 4.91
26
48
244
0.6
2.7
1.9
27
48
253
12 4.05
34
12 4.61
12 4.04
32
12 4.12
27
0.5
12 4.17 0.3
-.
25
_
. ..
I 50
-. ..
252
zz
ti
. ,3W, . . . ;:3014 3s,12801860. . . 850 . . .

1195126513801
45 129S 1125 770 . . . 1020 . . .
1165
1115 . ..1330 ::: 131s 13601175 900 . ..1050 . . .
115S1. . . 1270/ . ...1330 1390,1180,1060 . . .I105O_
1325 136Si14601515:1490i157013S011180f
840 81S1285
1310 1310,140014751375146S 117510501 780 700129.5
1230 130012S512751370140012301025 715 7951380
1160 1215/140011400,1325
/415,12S5:1015 77019201625
252
257
258
2S9
lY.
3Y.
5Y.
loy.
28d. lY.
13360
13190
12370
12260
14170
13570
13530
13290
1404(39440916(3:
9340
1408089108800 9450
13670863085701 8730
1191017800,?730/8510
MgO CONTENTOF CEMENTS

2.95T03.34%
11350112380
11190 12380
10580 11820
10320 11480
3y.
253
244
24S
246
1145/ . . . 11400:1350
/13101230112S51890
1180,1220134011410144S1395,12101080
114011401285,12201370 140012.501050
1100,112S,1240113S0,1300,
1345/11S01960[
13760~13960941090709430
12970 1213093709010 9780
13260 1332087808390, 8550
13460, 12930,8610i8320, 8760
945 7601805 8770 . . . 10810 12350 11220

800 70S,1140 8840 10370 11440 125S0 12980
790, 6601230 8430 10190 11320 12030 13070
7951101011S35 8260 9790, 11530 12090/ 12460
;;~~
10030
9910
9580
9610
_.
I-3 Sgodaa$
460
34s
330
520
535
20
655 ,
0
465
510
530
36.5
295
155
20
385
380
320
10
425
465
515
450
,014
.090
.264
16.1
480
370
385
410
405
370
405
415
45
495
S15
530
505
465
540
520
475
0.75
0.64
0.04
0.00
0.76
0.63
0.30
0.04
0.75
0.75
0.77
0.80
0.80
0.7s
0.80
0.10
155
165
175
14s
170
205
175
180
180
180
155
155
225
215
19s
170
185
190
0
0
240
195
1%
265
225
245
20s
190
0
(D)
(zV 5 (?:.* Ratio
(c)
Id 5hr*
Aut;
1+ Autw B to A MOi~t
~iav:
Moist ~~ave
Neat Cement
.030
.136
.275
.266
.028
.086
.068
10.2
11470
.123
11110
.253
11220 ,1.985
11130 10.8
9500111080
9110, 11300
9540 . . . .
8910 . . .
8730 . . .
9020 . . .
11120
11600
11530
11110
loy.
5-hr.
kutoclave
Exp., Yo
(Before and After Autoclaving at One Day)
.210
12530190108170
10320 10420 10810
.487
1275090908720 9650 10150 11120
1305084008020 8890 9600 11160 11.7
1165017980180108750 9330, 11310 14.75
MgO CONTENTOF CEMENTS

4.61TO4.91%
9170 10920 11840 13020

88s0 10620/ 11920 13100
8700 10140 11240 12620
8580( 10290 11710112790
MgC7 CONTEN~OF CEMENTS4.04 T04.17T0

.
9990
1000O
9760
9290,
5y.
MgO CONTENTOF CE~EN= 1.01 TO 1.96%
3m.
Water Storage
Compression
9370 11430 12390 . . . 1446011402088008040

8190 . . . 11830 . . . 13470 123S073807260 :::
8150 . . . 11540 . . . 1359011344075907210 . . .
11570 . . . 13100]13120,76307690 ..8440 .-.
.
.
.
,
;: B 1180127513701575141.S148012401200 820 800 885 9540~ 10960] 11360112970! 13680\ 13840971O949OI9860

114512651385,13951335142S1105 985 785 915 1415 8410t 10200 11520 12350 127101300079108100 90?0
111013301405,14001255,1430 12051000 800 910 1515 8610, 10650 11610 1274011360011356082308170 8760
242
965,1105,129S13251295,1435,11051820 850,1100 1680 80801 97401 11570 12530 13040113210,7020,7250 7970
243
II
255
256
208B
217
218
219
3y. 5Y. 10Y. 28rL
Ill
~13451143012201
130\ 755 635! 785 10020
1195:1370142011590
1130 132S1325 1480,1370146S 1230,1020850 8601270 9040
116S1340 1340 143014051365 11(!43107OI
935 790,1310 9140
1110123.51400 1370]1500,137s 108OI9SO{1010,1030115608520
Md. 3m. Iy. 3y. sy. loy. 28d. ly
I 7d. Water them in Air
Flexure
per sq. in. Net WIC = 3.91 gal. per sk. Cement
;~;A
Strength of 1-2 Elgin Sand Mortar-lb.
Water Storage
TABLE 3.--Continued
(B)
. . Flexural Stwndlt of 2 x 2 x 9%-in. Mortar Bars. Compressive Slrers.@hof Z-in. Modi5cd Cu6es, and Tensile .$ frengllzoj Briquels
1.19
1.15
0.00
0.00
1.41
0.95
0.00
0.00
G
1.70
0.00
0.08
1.47
1.25
0.39
1.26
1.09
0.9s
0.98
O.cm
Ratio
D to
Sand
>
.-
138S1385 1240 950 . . .

135.51265 11701100 -..
14101355 1355 1055 . . .
126S1350 1355111.5 . . .
211
212
213
214
1375
1430
1330
1335
...
...
...
...
8151 . . .
745 -..
750 . . .
770 .-.
9310
9150
8840
8390
...
...
...
. ..
12480 . . .
12280 . . .
11s00 . . .
11260 . . .
MgO CONrENT OF
695 700 9370 10680 11900 12510

760 870 8990 10570 11600 12750
620 925 8840 10310 112s0 12420
855 1440 7930 9560 10510 11750
12920:97608860
1274095008780
1315086408720
126107820\7360
I
13720
13580
13580
12570
136308280 8170
121308470 8360
136608990 8230
131108760 8110
...
...
...
...
9700
9680
9230
83S0
CEMRNTS3.05 TO 3.57%
13270
12810
12660
12020
MgO CONT~~TOF CKWNTS 6.95 TO 7.26y0
Neat and I-3 briquets were tested in autoclave after ld. in molds.
11OOI. . .
1125 . . .
1195 . . .
11?0 . . .
1495 1230i104S 730

1215112851345~1390141s
12001245 134011425131015051290 1135 805
1230127513601410 13851S251360 1100 72S
1105115513101245 1320 1455\1380 950 74s
205 A
247
248
249
.-.
9340
9310
9700
9400
9800
10390
9520
8820,
...
...
...
...
.0!9
.097
.394
15.4
.~
11370 1.3.3
11690 11.3
10490 3.05
10560 21.1
440
425
50.5
480
515
515
590
550
0.00
0. o.?
0.36
0.00
385 I 0.88
390 0.92
385 0.76
0 0.00
2;:
0
220
210
80
25
150
150
190
165
1.07
0.95
0.4-4
0.19
65
1s
z~j
260
1.73
1.50
0.34
0.09
20.5
220
180
1.ZO
H. F. GONNERWN, W. LERCH AND T. M, WHITESDE
18
in no case more than about 0. S YOeven

after a second 5-hr. test cycle. The two
cements (214 and 243) having the highest
free CaO content, 3.2 per cent, showed
very high autoclave expansions at the
time of the first test k May 1936, and
also at the third period of test in April
cycle at the third period of test. Where

the free CaO content was 0.S per cent
to 1.1 per cent, the autoclave expansions
were less than 0.23 per cent at the time
of the first test, each cement showed an
appreciable decrease k expansion at the
second period of test and at the third
Laboratory-krepored
G9rnenti /
..
,6 _MgQ
3.0
to 3.6%
Laborafory%epored
cements
l?g~ 3.0 tO 3.6%
I Expo!sions { {j,.njfed~
inside
1 dimensions of
///>+
o<~
/2
If
.Expunslon ciurfhg
S-he in oufoclave
(Max i%p.
420A)
Tesfs by h+seumh
Lob.
April
f937
I
41
~,:clL:u::;,
June 19J5
~3,0
I
1
Tests by Peseorch
.Loboratorg
Neut Cement Prisms ~lbylby
11~-in.
I-2 Morior Prisms: 2 by 2 by 9~-in
Mortar:
l-.? by kVeiqhf
O-No. 4 Elqm SOnd
loy Neat
jl,?o
/;
Ii
ii,
o
0
+ ..
,.
(2)
,s.-...-#qoYr l-z f~tor

-0
CaO
Content
,/
EEz$@
o
Free
of Cement
- per cent
Fig. 4.Effect of free lime content of cement on length changes of neat cement and 1-2 mortar
prisms.
period of test the expansions were about
the same as those at the second period
of test. Where the free CaO content was
1,8 to 2.0 per cent, the autoclave expansions at the first test ranged from 4.6
per cent to over 8.9 per cent, but showed
a substantial
decrease at the second
period of test. At the third period of test
they showed a further decrease and were
1937. Cement 219 containing 2.6 per cent

free CaO likewise showed a high expansion in May 1936, but when tested in
April 1937, its expansion was less than
0.33 per cent. Although these cements
were stored in sealed metal containers,
hydration of all or part of the free CaO
in some of the cem&ts occurred during
storage and this was reflected in the
HYDR.%TIONEW.AXSION CXAR.$CTERISTICS
L..
decrease observecl in the autoclave expansions.

In 1935, shortly after the cements were
prepared, the Fellowship made neat cement bars from these three groups of
cements for autoclave tests and for expansion determinations
during water
storage. The Research Laboratory made
autoclave tests at the three different periods cited previously, and in April 1937,
at the time of the last autoclave test,
made neat cement bars and 12 Elgin
sand mortar bars in order to determine
their length changes during storage in
u-ater and in air. In the autoclave test
at the Fellowship the bars were in the
autoclave for 24 or 72 hr. and the maximum temperature was 350F., while at
the Research Laboratory
the bars were
in the autoclave 5 hr. and the maximum
temperature was 420F. In the tests of
neat cement bars stored continuously in
water the Fellowship made the initial
reading, by means of a microscope comparator, 2 or 3 hr. after molding the specimens. The Research Laboratory
made
the initial reading of the neat cement and
mortar specimens when they were removed from the molds 24 hr. after they
were cast, The results of the tests made
in the two laboratories are shown in Fig.
4.
The diagrams at the left in Fig, 4 show
~I]e relationship between the free lime
content of the cements and the autoclave
expansion in tests made in the two laboratories, and the relationship between
free Cat) content and expansion during
10 yr. storage in water for the neat cement bars tested by the Fellowship together with the expansion of 12 mortar
bars estimated from the other tests,
The diagrams at the right in Fig. 4
show relationships between the free Cao
content of the cements and the expansion
in autoclave tests made by the Research
Laboratory in April 1937 when the cements were about two years old, the exstorage in water,
pansion
and the contraction during 10 years stor-
(luring
10Years
19
age in air for both neat cement and 12

mortar bars.
In the upper left diagram of Fig. 4,
the clash-line curve showing the 5-h-r.
autoclave expansions rises abruptly at
an indicated free CaO content of about
1.5 per cent; at higher free CaO contents
the expansions become excessive. The
curve showing the 24-hr. and 72-hr. autoclave expansions in the Fellowship tests
(maximum
temperature
350F.) rises
somewhat less abruptly at a free CaO
content of about 2%. In the upper right
diagram of Fig. 4, the curve for autoclave
expansion for the tests made by the Research Laboratory
in -April 1937, rises
abruptly at an indicated free CaO content of about 2.1 per cent as compared
with 1.570 m the tests made in May
1936. Thus a substantial reduction in the
5-hr. autoclave expansion occurred owing
to the reduction in amount of free CaO
by hydration
and carbonation
during
storage and handling of the cements.
The two pairs of curves in the lower
left diagram of Fig. 4 show the expansion
of neat cement bars, and the estimated
expansion of 12 mortar bars, during 10
years storage in water. The lower curve
of each pair represents
the expansion
which occurred after the bars were removed from the molds at the age of 24
hours. The curves rise steadily and at an
increasing rate with increase in the free
CaO content of the cement. The upper
curve of each pair showi that the total
expansion at 10 years for a free CaO
content of 3.2 per Cent was about three
times that for a free CaO content of zero
per cent.
It will be observed that for the cements
of high free CaO content, a relatively
large proportion of the total measured
expansion occurred during the first 24
hours. It was pointed out previously that
all length change measurements made by
were started
upon removal of the bars from the molds
24 hours after casting. Therefore the ex-
H, l?, GOXXERMAN, W. LERCH AND 1. M. IVHITESIDE
pansions reported by the Research Laboratory might be expected to be appreciably lower, especially in the case of the
cements of high free CaO content than
those reported by the Fellowship where
the first length change measurements
were made 2 to 3 hours after casting while
the bars were still in the molds, the molds
being manipulated
in such a manner as
to minimize restraint of the cement paste
during the early hardening period. If the
expansions are compared on the basis of
initial measurement at 1 day, the results
for the two laboratories are virtually the
same at the lower free CaO contents but
somewhat higher expansions were obtained by the Fellowship at the higher
free CaO contents. This is as might be
expected since the Fellowship tests were
made when the cements were freshly
ground.
It will be noted in Fig, 4 that the 10yr, expansions of the neat and 12 mortar
bars in water corresponding to an autoclave expansion of 0.5 per cent, the present ASTM maximum limit, were about
0.31 per cent and 0.09 per cent (estimated
and referred to 24-hour length) respectively in the Fellowship June 1935 tests
and about 0.25 per cent and 0.08 per
cent respectively in the Research Laboratories tests of April 1937. Because of
the abrupt rise of the autoclave expansion curves, values of expansion for the
neat cement and mortar bars in wate~
corresponding to a 1 per ce: t autoclave
expansion would not have been materially different from those corresponding
to a 0.5 per cent autoclave expansion.
The neat bars stored in air for ten
years showed decreasing
contractions
~,ith increase in free CaC) content and
above about 2 per cent free CaO they
showed expansion. On the other hand,
thetd-2 mortar bars stored in air for ten
years showed a, regular decrease in contraction with increase in free CaO but
did not show expansion even for the cements of highest free Ca.O content.
Results of tests by the Research Laboratory for the entire seven groups of
laboratory-prepared
cements of varied
free CaO and MgO contents are shown
in Table 3 and Fig. 5, The specimens used
for these tests were made in 1937 when
the cements, stored in sealed metal containers, were about two years old. The
tests included the autoclave expansion
test and length change measurements of
neat cement bars and 12 Elgin sand
mortar bars in water storage and in air
at 70 to 80F. and 50 Y. relative humidity, The cements are arranged in
groups of increasing MgO content and in
the order of increasing free CaO content
within each group. The length changes
are plotted against age in Fig. 5 and the
autoclave expansions plotted against free
CaO content are shown at the top of the i
I
diagram for each group of cements.
The diagrams at the top of Fig, 5 show
the effect of free CaO and MgO on the
autoclave
expansions
for the seven
groups of cement, all of which were pre- \
pared from quickly-cooled clinkers. For
the first six groups of cements, which
had MgO contents under 5 per cent, the
autoclave expansions were low when the
free CaO content was low, and increased
with increase in free CaO content? For
the seventh group of cements, shown at
the right of Fig. 5, which had MgO contents of about 7 per cent, the autoclave
expansions were always very high even
for the cements of low free CaO content.
The middle and lower diagrams of Fig.
5 show the length changes with age of
neat cement and mortar bars made with
the seven groups of cement. Considering
first the bars stored continuously
in
water, it is seen that for each group of
cements the higher the free CaO content,
the greater were the expansions at all
ages of test. For a given free CaO content, the expansions at a given age increased with increase in MgO content
of the cement.
The expansions at a given age for the
230123
2301
~
M9 O
Content2.95 -3.57 %~
~jm
6
0246
100246
0246
6.81
..
810024
Age - Years
Fig.5-Length
Changes
and
of Neat and
I-2
50%
Humidity, and
Relative
Mortar Bars During 10 Years~Stora9e inwaterat

of Neat Bars During the Autociave
C3A content of cements was approximately 7% with the
exception of
70eE, orin Air at

Test
cements 211- 2i4 which averaged
700-130
12.4%.
HSDR.ATION
ExP.wJs~o~ CHARACTICRISTICS
cements of Io\vest free lime content in

each of the groups of cements were subt ratted from the expansions at that age
im each of the other three cements in
(he group, and the difference plotted
~lgainst age to determine what portion of
the total expansion was contributed by
Expansion-age
the free CaO content.
curves obtained in this manner, but not
included in the paper, indicated that the
expansion caused by the free CaO ceased
to increase appreciably after about 90
,~aYs.This is also indicated by the para]ielism of the curves in Fig, 7 where for
four of the groups of cements the expansions are plotted against the logarithm of
time.
The curves in Fig. 5 showing the contraction of bars stored in air indicate that
for each group of cements the contrac. tions decreased with increase in free CaO
content, a result brought about by the
expansion produced by the hydration of
the free CaO counteracting
the normal
tendency of the bars to shrink. \lhere
the free lime contents of the cements
were high there was an abrupt reversal
of the contraction curves for the neat
specimens after about 1 to 3 months storage in air and soon thereafter these neat
specimens in some cases had expanded
in air much more than the companion
neat bars stored in water. This behavior
is characteristic of neat cement specimens
made with cements of high free lime content as is brought out also by diagrams
3 and 4 of Fig. 3,
The contractions
for air-storecl bars
from some of the other cements also decreased with time but not to the extent
that the bars showed expansion with respect to their length upon removal from
the molds at 1 day. It is interesting to
note how the contractions
of the neat
~ hors stored in air increase as the free
CaO content of the cements decreases.
The curves for the 12 mortar bars in
the lower seven diagrams of Fig. 5 also
sho\v increased expansions in water and
decreased contractions
in air with in..
.
~]
crease in free CaO content of the cement.

However, in no case did the mortar bars
made from the cements of high free CaO
content show the abrupt reversal in contraction that was characteristic
of t$e
neat bars made with such cements. This
difference in behavior of the neat and
mortar bars is an important and reassuring feature of these tests since it would
appear that free lime contents of the
order of those present in the cements
employed in these tests may not necessarily produce abnormal expansion in
concreie that is exposed in air for long
periods of time,
Fig, 6 shows the autoclave expansions,
the 10-year expansions in water and 2year contractions
in air of neat and
mortar bars for each of the seven groups
of cements plotted against free Cao content, In this figure the data for three of
the groups of cement having MgO contents between 2.95 and 3.57 % (a total of
12 cements) are plotted together in the
second diagram from the left. The 2-year
instead of the 10-year contractions
for
the neat bars are plotted in this figure
because most of the total contraction at
10 years had occurred by the 2-year period and furthermore many of the neat
cement bars developed cracks after the
2-year period. In each diagram the expansions in the autoclave and in water
increase with increase in free CaO content of the cements al~d they also increase
from diagram to diagram with increase
in MgO content of the cements. It appears that a higher free CaO content can
be tolerated in cements of low MgO content
than
in cements
of high MgO content before the expansions of the neat and
mortar bars during storage in water became abnormally high,
Eject of MgO on Lengih Changes Due 10
L3ydration
In Fig. 8, 9 and 10 are shown the results of autoclave and length change tests
of laboratory
cements of varied MgO
22
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T,
M.
WHITESIDE
r
Q1
I
,
..
II
-.
\- x,
--
!-3 ! _..uN- E
.
*.
W.
O-
I
NIW16-
i- I
HYDRATION EXPANSION
Neat
Bars
Mortar Bars
&
04
?0s s
Z*$
M&yAx%:ion
3.34
3.oe
Z.*5
a3H:
-23
length changes of individual specimens

in the autoclave test and the average
length changes of specimens during storage in water and in air. The free C@
contents of the cements were low (O to
0,6 per cent). Hence the effect of free
~wntent. The clinkers from which these

cements were ground were burned at the
ICA Fellowship in an 8-in, diameter rota.ry gas-fired kiln under conditions which
produced quick cooling of the clinker.
Hence it would be expected that part of
..
CHARACTERISTICS
241
242
243~:,
.090
264
0.2
01
--.--------
Autoclave Exp:;:ion
01~
202A
254
2S5
Zsb
,.C2
-------6mo.
2y
5Yf
Log. Time
Fig.
T.Effect
of free Cao
2 by 2 bY 9}~-in.
mortar
was
dissolved
256 I
2S4
in
Z5S 1
,k
202AT
6mo
Iyr.
Zy%
Syc
Iogc
Log.Time
on the expansion in water of 1 by 1 by 11>~-in,

bars made from cements of varied MgO contents,
the glass and

that the remainder was present in relatively small grains as wili be pointed out
:,-! later. The data on which these figures
are based are summarized in Table 4 w-hich
was compiled from data in Tables D, E
and F of the Appendix.
:.
Fig. 8 shows relationships between the
j ~lgO content of the cements and the
1.
?.
;.
the ~gO
Q
Imo.
.086
,060
10.2
neat
bars and
lime on length change was largely, if not

entirely, eliminated. The features of interest in Fig. 8 are that:
autoclave
expansions
in(1) The
creased regularly with MgO content but did not exceed the current
maximum ASTM limit of 0.50 per
cent until an MgO content between 6 and 7 per cent was reached
24
H. F.
GONNERM.4N,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESTDE
-N
0!
Iszgz .
co
----.,.
. . .
s:
.
:3
,-
.,.
!ZSE2
---. . . .
0!0
loo
z. yyc.+c
V-AC
----
.-.
0000
NN!V!-J
.--
1.
l-r-
t-1.
t-h
w
.-
---..*.
t-
It-t-i.
:
7
255
242
218
258
245
248
46
42
39
42
44
46
:;
32
29
26
32
.
12
12
12
12
12
12
:
6
6
7
7
12
12
12
12
12
12
....
...
i
6
7
6
231~
_
-
;;
12
29
31
38
26
1.02
3.(N2
3.04
4.05
4.89
6.95
;:s
4.88
7.05
1.01
2.95
::;;
1.02
3.04
3.12
I
12
12
49
4.5
38
48
50
254
241
217
244
247
-.
11.26
:::
3.5
2.2
3.2
2.6
;$
2.1
1.6
:::
;::
o.~
0.9
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
.-
11.26
11.26
..... - .
....
0.6
10.94
---
...
;::
10.9.4
10.94
.
0.2
9.2
.126
:;;:
.118
.101
.136
.147
.154
.140
.160
.134
-.._
. ..
...
...
::!8 ~
.130
.165
.145
:::!
.132
.178
.144
,061
.001
;::
.100
.167
.125
.135
.134
.110
,100
.107
.102
.100
. 08s
.025 +.084
.085
.072
+:%$
+.511
+ .082
.104
+.121
10.2
16.1
.266
10.8
14.75
21.1
.101 1 . . . .070[.0901.129\ .141

.080:.100 .154.175
.178
:::,.090.105.158.176
:% 0.60.1251.151.235.267
.068 0.65 ]. 1451.181.302.349
,
.063.074
.061 .075
.074 .082
.056,.066
.060,.071
.081[.0701.079 .016!.023 .026 .0521.052

.083[.074 .081 .0131.026.029 .059!.059
.090 .083.090 .015;.027!.031 .061 .064
.074 .056.0641.020.040 .0491.081 .083
.075 .0.54~.054/.0221.0551,070i.l17 .123
I ,
.058 .0801 .070~.0$9].038

.0221 .0631.0881.267.385
.069 .090:.076 ~.052,.042,.023,.070,.0931.224
.292
.110.130
.iio .210.246
. . . .120.140
.090 .175 ,208
.120 .225 .272
.160,.3251.398
.181\ .195
.329 .369
.203 .224
.312 .350
.412 .467
.644 -734
.0.53 .059 .06s .0561.065/.026].0361.039 .059 .063

.048 .044 .050 .042 .054 .044 .0651.070 .098 .096
.064 .067 .074 .065 .071 .025 .043,.047 .074 .076
.0s2 .053 .059 .040 .047 .032 .0s5 .064 ,.093 .097
.045 .046 .050 .034~.042 .045 .079 .087 .118!.123
.0361.032~.0331.0121
.020 .060[.1101.129 .177].185
.104 . . . .&501.0781.118~.128 .065 .078 .0861.074.0821.015.0221.023 .049).049

+.135
.125 .148}.223 .252 .056 .064 .071/.0S5 .064 .023,.040.044.071 .074
.011 ::: .110 .140.208 .230 .063 .066 .072 .066.074 .023 .039.0441.067 .067
+.096 .080 .140 .172[.264 .302 .0S6 .061 .067 .052 .055 .0271.048!.0561.086 .088
+.549 .100.190:.230.357 .406 .M9 052 .056 .029 .034.0361.066 .075].110~.112
+.110 ,.085/.180i.221 .366,.420 .0s5, .059 .061 .037 .042/.O29i.O65.080,.130,.135
...
.055/ +.052
+.416
+.434
.085 +.950 +1:A04 +2:A& +2.96
...
.1151
.050
.105
.050, +.046
+.349
+.382
.090 +.360 +.694 +1.1s1 +1.341
.060 +.72o +.902 +1 .432 +1.421
..
.440t.610i
.423[.514!
111.1 ,-ld
.057/.1621.224
.050 .159.224
FREE CaO CONTENTOF CEMENT2.2 TO 3.5~0
...
...
...
.115
.100
.110
.068
.264
.275
1.985
11.7
3.053
.040 . 105].135 .2331.271 . 06J .07S].0791.056 .061~.016 .043i,055,.103 .ll2

.044 .114 .144 .238.289 .078 .098 .092 .078 .070 .017 .042 .053; .087 .101
.052 .120 .150 .241 291 .064 .086 .082 .078 .076 .016 .043 .05.3.O85I.1O1
.046 .115,.148 .240 1.286 .077 .101 .093 .079.074 .018 . 0s0 .059 . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.126 .046~.l14;. 144,. 238~.28%.072 .090,.086 .073 .070,.017 .044 .055 .0921.105
,107
.122
,158
,117
., .-..-.
,,
L
1
, 1
l L__! I_l / J;
.031 .0541.160.224 .432 .5621.064 .085 .0731.050.040.022 .0661.090.246 .338
...
1
,.067 .098].292 .550
.083 .062 .170! 242 .5211.678! 058 .081 .069 .053.043.020
.081
.032 +.(302 .054 .174; .248,.472.591/.066 ,.088 .074 .054,.039 /. O27i.O75.107I.234 .314
,
l
~
l
.
.
.056 I .040 .0581 172 2451 4961 634 062.084 .072;.054~.041 0231 0711.102\.263 .432
.076
...
,107
,126
.144
.120
.
.124,
CaO C02iTItNTOP CEMENTS

0.7 TO l.l~o
.150 .172]
.151
.1601
.150 I .1661
, :;;:
.161
,150
l
.142
.156
.144
.140
.150 I .170!
.1501
,182
.184
.164,
.-_
.1.50
.156
.144
,150
FREECaO CEMENTOP CEMENTS

1.4TO 2.1~0
,,:;87
.086
.090
.136
FREE
[ 18.7
16.9
20.5
15.8
19.7
17,8
0..;
13.3
1).3 ; lj+2
9.2
::;
2.1
7.30
7.35
7.26
7..3.$
7. 2f,
..-...... .... ....... . . .. . . . .....-,.,,. .
. ..
. ...... . .
--
.
Flexure
__._..f___
Iy.
I
3y.
I
~Y.
I
toy.
28d.
3y.
11~1
0.670
lY.
5y.
7d Water then in Air
FREE CaO CONTENT OF CEMENTS O TO
3m.
Water Storage
Compression
Strength Of 1-2 Elgin Sand Mortar1b. per sq. in. Net W/C = 3.91 gal. per sk. Cement
__
.-. _
7d Water then in air

Water Storage
.- .. ...
28d. 131n.;ty. 3y. I 5Y. 10Y. 28d. ~y. 3y. Sy. IIOY. 28d.
.--L - .-
!-_..
loy.
J:5t
(A)
Ill
Ill
1164013020122401
1166010550 9710121501!8701231011.6 475
1325.. . 1430)1410
13051420
119s120512.50
103S89s 10470.
llslo 1160011860 8530 7910j~8J0 9J80 1014012.2 370
204C 1145... 145012351380
iAGS
.119582518251645760 8700 ::: 106.501
2wL) 1185... ih101305,1405.1s30,1295
132201
1231OI
136~0
1170,1100,1100,
733 10350 .. 11S301
, 107309Z913,
1114010760I18S010.0 480
1.00
238
175
300
0.92
210 1.31
160
205
195 0.95
170 240 1.41
150 220 1.47
. -
0.81 170 215 1.28
385
505
445
365
295
365
410
120 0.86
55 0.21
1.62
M I 3.45
199 I 126 I 0.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0
:
155
140
260
130
265
0.75
345
1.19
1.40
0.77
245
230
0.90
0.95
185
1.47
265
180
0.75
370
0.90
0.63
0.76
0.95
0.95
230
238,
1.09
0.81
245
210
1.26
1.26
0.80 225
0.94 260
.
410 0.87 240
370
445
X-
:;:
1.17
235 I 1.19
200
1.40
0.98
245
225
175
230
(D)
Sand
0.78 175 220

0.83 220 235
0.81 200 230
365 0.91
455 0.74
.
410 0.82
(c)
I-3 Sta&m~
5(;:.. Ratio
5 hr.*l Ratio
Id. ~utw
Dto C
paye- Bto A Moist
I clave I
Neat Cement
I .,34!
Eq;.,
5-hr.
Au:e-

I ------------
at One Day)
.
-...----
-.
TABLE 4.Cvwtimd
(B) Flexural Strenglh oj 2 .sZx 9~-in. Morkzr Bars, Compressive Slrength .j Z-in. Mrrdijkd Cz&bcs, and Tensile Slrerrgi/z oj Briquels (Bs#ore md Ajter A,doclaving
[1205 . . . [1420147Sls.50 14801170 800 610 815133S19530

11560130201246013200 8910 7750 9030 8680 10140 .015 400
Ifl
. ..1146513451435
i~jo 1305 930~860 7751820 112001::: I 1266014150 12880 14960 10770 9840 10610 10450 11480 . 004f 610
....
8651 73.5 7951080 10360 . . . 12110 13580 12670 14080 9840, 8800 9820 9560 10810
1220 . . . 144014101490151511240
Av.
11111
llllllll:~i~
9051725 680 950 102101. . . 1249014220,1319014440 9250 8170 9640 941O11320
201C 1335i . . . 14601465139515201330
13330,
14870, 13780, 13930 11540 10$70 11430 11.590 12040 .0b8, 445
201D 1330 . . . 16301490155516101230
11701240
1025i 930i 12360, . .
1330). . . 1S4514801475
15651280110W!
980 850 940 l1280i -., 12910 14540 13480 14180 10400 9320 10540 10WO 11680 .022 430
Av.
1111
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
lo281ti5
202A 119513701420 1s90 1345143012201130 755 635 785 1002Oi 1350 1238013360,14170,14040 9540 91601934o 9990 11120
12270,1341010730,10390 110701062010820.0031 475
124012401170995 10400, ,., I 12220&\
202B 1205]. . . 1375119513401525,1270
.
..
;...
10970 .0121470
1370i
14001390134014801245
1185[
1000900895 10.210~ 11350 12300134101322013720:10080 9780,10200103001
Av. 1200,
Ill
Ill
9540 . . .
.030 495
208B 11951265 13801. ..1430114351280 860 . . . 850 . . . 9370 11430 12390 . . . 14460 14020 8800 8040 . . .
111111
1
13701575141.514801240
1200/820 800;885 954011096O11360,12970,13680,13840 9710, 9490 9860 1035011700 .014 425
209B 11801275
11370,1074012120l1470\11910~.013 530
209D 13101305
14601295144014801265,1215,1185
1000940 11250[1250011890;14550 13040i13950~
__
__
l
139001054010120109901091011800 .Q141480
14151435143014801250
1210100090091O!10400 11730!1162013760133601
Av.
12451290
1111
II
405
1099012640,12350,13150 8800 7930 9950 9750 10590
1175 . . . 13201390137015451275
785 790 8951025 8930
251A
13100:1297012130 9370 9010~ 9780 9910 1111o .253 465
13101310
1400147513751465,1175
1o50 780 7001295 8850 lo6io 119201
257
13020,1376013960 9410 9070, 9430 1003011470 .123 480
2.52
13251365
14601515,149015701350
1180 840 8151285 917(31092o 118401
251B
1110 . . . 1430 1305114@146511170~830 83519151 975 9060f . . . llwoI 12S70112590, 13550 9000 8580, 10080; 9400, 11160 .115 430
.
_;_
1220134014451410 147S1S2012@ 1~5 Wo 8651130 9120 10920 11740 12800 13180113760 9200 8820 9760 9720( 11320 .11.9 445
Av.
\ll
1111
II
1081012350,1122012530 9010 8170 103201042010810 .210 460
253
1145 . . . 14C01350131012301255
890 945 760 805 877o ...
111[
II
Ill
9010 9860{1133014.9 515
1171012800lzgSO9150 8840
150012.351010,
2:;
1240131513801365;1270
705 605 860 8~qOi9740 110.50,
..
2olA
201B
Cefl(nt
..
.__..
. . . ..
. . .
-------- . .
Av,
20.511
20.5aC
205aIl
205A
-w
,,,
II
II
1 day moist, 5 hours in autoclave.
7s00
7020
7630
8610
7980
7820
7730
7250
7690
8320
801O
7360
FREE CaO COFT~ENTOF CEMENTS2.2 TO 3.5~0

8510 9290 I111O10.2
797139110 1130016.1
..
9020! .
.266
8760 9610 1113010.8
8750 9.3301131014.75
8350 S820 1056021.1
87.30 97601115301.k
876o 9500 110801.264
.
87301 . . .
.275
8550 9580 11220 1.ggj
8890 9600!1116011.7
9230 9520 104903.053
II
88001 9450!10000
1 11600! .086
8100 9070 9430 111501,090
8910 .
7260 . .
.136
8720 9650 1015011120 .487
8780 9680 1039011690,11.3
9140 105s0 11820 12370 1353(I 13670 863o 8570

8610 106501161012740136001356018230 8170
8150
. 11540
1359013.440 7590 7210
8700 1014011240126201326013320 s780 8390
8020
8430 1019011320120301307013050 S41313
8S40 1031011250124201266o 13150, 864138720
1110123514001370150013751080950101010301560 85m 1032011480122601329011910

965110512951325129514351105820 85011001680 80S0 974(311570125301304013210
1310013120
8440 . . . 11570
1270 . . 1330139011801060 .-. 1050 . .
1155
11601215140014001325141512551015 770 9201625 8580 1029011710127901346012930
12401350130013451150960 79.510101535 8260 9790 11530120901246011650
1100112.$
1105115513101245132014551380950 745 8551440 7930 9s60 10510117501202012610
7910
7380
9090
9500
8910
CONTENTOF CEMENTS
1.4TO 2.1%
256
243
219
259
246
249
790 1310
FREE CSO
11101330140514001255143012051000800 9101515
1050 .
1330 . 13151360117s 900
1115
12301300125512751370140012301025 715 7951380
1140114012851220137014(XI12501050 790 6601230
13s5152513601100 725 620 925
1230127513601.I1O
1165 13-JO1340 1430 1405 1365 1100 107OI 935
,,.
132514801370146512301020 850 860112709040 11190112380 131901 135701 140801

113011325
13000
1145126513851395133514251105985 785 9151415 841OI102001152012350127101
8190 . . . 11S30 . . . 1347o 12350
1165 . . . 1385 . . . 134512951125 770 . . 1020 . .
125501298012750
11801220134014101445139512101080 800 7051140 88+0 10370114401
12001245134014251310150512901135 805 760 870 S990 10570 1160L[127501
1281012740
FREE CaO CONTENTcm CMJENTS0.7 TO l.l~O
121512S51.;451S90141514951230
1045!730;69.57!)(I !i.i;() 10680119001251013270129?0 9760 8860 9700 9800~1137013.3
11-19013390121601.32.50
10820 9120 1099010470 1092012.2
~$~ :::l~;~lgss
13sQ5801265
12401125920
9150: ::: 11060 122101180012700 9600 84S0 10480 9630 11140,9.2
0/12S5
134~
14751210S70
S85,S65/S30
760~lo~~o
/1~6011465,1475,1490
123010951210,
840:850 10590 . . . 11690,13210125201330010750 9230 1170011240\
12320,2.1
I,, . . . ~
;
,
,.
,__
l
f
125512S5130514001400151012401060 990 755 785; 9940 1068811540 12830; 12440 1.3040 1023O 8920 1072O10290~11440[ 9.2
(~
1111
II
Ill101001092015.8
-1
1026010060 9290 8370110250
9910 109601
1245 124512401325
1355 760 860 7051 705 8660I
11920119.7
;:;;] ::: 14001180,1210
;1565132512001160930 770 10090 :::
111801194011440;11920;107101020010940,10460~
___
_l _ I_ l
I
,
__
_____
10850!1099010000 9285 10590102S01142017.8
118S . . . 13201210!
125011445
134098010101
820!740I 9380 . . . 10s40 114SO~
I 833,730
-1-1 605 680
jzbj
1205j 20512651290
97s0 10870,9660 10410 8S40, 8200 9460 91S01956016.9
S650 . . .
11701095S40 10070/. . . 10S6011620;11310;11890~
10970
~,
10960
Ml ::: 13151310126014351435;1175
, 10540i11800,20.5
_

______
.
,__
, . ..]1290,260,1230
,35013601005]960~850~760; 9360\ . . . ] 1032011240;10480:11150:9900; 87S0;10210 9840/10680
1200
;18.7
.,.
242
218
258
245
248
255
254
241
217
244
247
Av.
206C
206D
Av.
206A
206B
.. ,.
445
475
450
50s
530
655
550
52o
515
530
510
535
590
::g
0.s0
0.62
0.77
0.30
0.75
0.82
0.75
0.63
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
IN%
45 0.09
0 0.00
405 0.80
0 0.00
, 2:
415
320
410
155
380
385
330
0
405
42S
465
5=40
465
515
520
515
5
10
0
495
10
0
48.5
505
0.02
0.01
0.04
-z-
4s0
0.00
5 0.01
.5 0.01
80 0.16
51s
500
495
.500
205
170
120
155
180
145
130
195
145
155
175
215
130
180
165
220
225
165
285
185
280
221
255
170
255
0.95
1.69
1.25
1.15
0.95
s!
61
0.00
0.00
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
~~f
190 0.97
220
225
190
210
205
55
0
0.24
0.00
22 0.12
45
0
1.07
0.43
1.15
0.67
0.83
0.33
0.00
.
30 0.16
220
110
195
170
174
...
H. F. GONNER~I.AN,
28
W.
M.
LERCH AND T.
~
-1
Ifec
-,
R, t-n inn
reo
?&TIDerOfUres
C3S, C2S Jlfrfoce
WHITESIDE
1/
?
Vore<,
\
Ii O&AV
of 3 Tes~S
,4STM Limit
TWO
--(2)
q @-
~1V+ues
)---
2+-
--
--
-J,
1
-k
aJ
u
b
a
I
0.6
f bgj bg /l#-in.
Ned Cernen+Prisms;~2 by 2 by 9Y2-in.
0.5 - /-Z ~oriar Prisms
I
flo~!or; I-Z by We@h+; \
o 4- 0- IVO.4 E/gin Sand
11:
?
rr
.:
A-L-t-+-G&7r
I
1
ZT?2?4m
mtar
Fig. 8.Effect of MgO content of cement on length

prisms.
when an abrupt increase in autoclave expansion occurred.
(2) The expansions of both neat cement
and mortar bars during continuous
storage in water increased almost

linearly with MgO content up to
an MgO content of about 7 per
cent and at higher MgO contents
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
they increased at a more rapid

rate. The expansions of the 1-2
mortar bars were about one-third
of those of the neat bars over the
CHARACTERI STI cs
,,
29
tent of 5 per cent, the maximum

permitted
by ASTM
specifications, they were about 0,22 and
0.075 per cent respectively.
-.
Fig. 9.Effect of MgO and free CaO contents of cement on length changes of 1 by 1 by Ill-in.
neat cement and 2 by 2 by 9~-in, mortar prisms,
range of MgO content from O to 7
per cent.
The expansions of the neat cement
and mortar bars during 10 years
storage in water corresponding to
an autoclave expansion of 0.50 per .
cent were about 0.26 and 0.08 per
cent respectively; at an MgO con-
(4j The contractions

of mortar bars
during 10 years storage in air decreased regularly with increase in
MgO content as did also the contractions of the neat cement bars
at MgO contents above about 5
per cent.
and 50%
R.H.
In Air 10 Yrs. at 70F
.
+
i
1
---
,-.
I
I
..
+ -
i
-1
j
\
II
11
I
I
,.
3
g
~Y
-.
!3
(-) percent
..
(Max. Temp. 4Z0F

+
+
+
V
w
...- .
-.
..-
.
Qa(J __.-...
30
.._
During 5 Hours in Aufoclave

.
+
+
+
++
0
0
p
k.
Iv
0
t
0
o
o
-. . .
--%--
70-73F
(+) or Contraction
In Water 10Years at
Expansion
w
c
)
+
HYDRATION
EXP.WSION CEMRACTERMTICS
EJect oj MgO Plus Free CaO on Length

Change
Relationships
showing the effect of
MgO plus free CaO on the autoclave expansion and length changes of neat cement and 12 mortar bars are presented
for 4 groups of cements in Fig. 9 and for
7 groups of cements in Fig. 6. All of
these cements
were prepared
from
quickly-cooled clinkers.
From the various curves shown in
these figures it is seen that for a given
MgO content the expansions for both
neat cement and mortar bars increase
as the free CaO content of the cement
increases. Also that the MgO content at
which the autoclave expansion exceeds
0.50 per cent becomes progressively lower
with increase in free CaO content. However, these relationships are only approximations since the. free lime determinations include both CaO and Ca(OH)2;
the Ca(OH)Z does not cause any significant expansion.
The approximate free CaO and MgO
contents at which the autoclave expansion equalled 0,50 per cent, together with
the corresponding expansions of neat cement, 12 mortar, and concrete bars during 10 years storage in water are shown
in the following tabulation which is based
on Fig, 6 and 9. (The estimated concrete
expansions are based on the data repr,~ted in Table lj).
Mgo
Content
Approx.
Free CaO
Co;~;t at
Autoclave
Exp~sion
,,
1.0-2.0
3.0-3.6
4.IM.2
.
4.64,9
;;,
,.
~.
5RVXiX
Autoclave
H
1.8
1.2
0.18
0.25
0.28
0.28
Mgo
1 HZ
Coy;;e; at
Expansion, %
Neat I I-Z
Cement i Mortar
I
ments which produced abnormally high

expansions in the test bars during 10
years storage in water.
In Fig. 9 the contractions of the mortar bars during storage in air decreased
with increase in MgO and free CaO content, but not to the extent that the bars
showed expansion with respect to their
length when removed from the molds at
age of 1 day. The contractions
of the
neat cement bars also showed a tendency
to decrease with increase in MgO and
free CaO content. In the two diagrams
at the right in Fig. 9 where the free CaO
contents of the cements were high, contraction curves for the neat bars were
not drawn because of the wide scattering
of the plotted points; nine out of the 12
cements represented
in these two diagrams show expansion for the neat cement bars at the 10-year period. However, it may be said that where the free
CaO content was over aboat 2 per ceni,
the neat cement bars stored in air showed
expansion at the 10-year period which in
many cases was greater than the expansion of the corresponding neat bars stored
continuously in water. This phenomenon
was pointed out previously in the discussion of Fig. 5.
The curves drawn through the plotted
points in Fig. 9 are brought together in
Fig. 10 to facilitate comparisons of the
F;~[?&
%
concrete
l
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
The expansions of the neat cements,

\
mortars
and concretes in the above tabL. ,
i Ulation do not appear to be excessive
~~and it appears that the ASTM autoclave
~ 1imit of 0.50 ~. eliminated all of, the cep
31
Expansion at 10 yr.
Corresponding to .50 ~
Autoclave Expansion, ~
Autoclave
Exp~sion ~
\ $~~t
I M&!ar ~concrete
II
0.0-0.6
0.7-1.1
1,4-2.1
2.2-3.5
6
5
4
3,
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.08
0008
0.08
0.09
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
data. This figure summarizes the data

presented in Fig. 8 and 9 and is useful in
studying the effects of both free CaO and
MgO on autoclave expansion and on expansion and contraction of neat cement
32
H.
F,
GONNERMAN,
and mortar bars during continuous

age in water and in air.
W.
LERCH AND T.
stor-
Eject of iklgO on Autoclave Ex$ansion

and Length Changes as Injuenced
by
Rate of Clinker Coo+%g ,
Lerch and Taylor (23) have shown that
the rate of clinker cooling has a pronounced effect on the autoclave expansion caused by MgO (periclase) and the
amount of MgO soluble in acid. They
found that for cements containing more
than about 2.5 per cent MgO the autoclave expansion could be greatly reduced
by rapid cooling of the clinker. These
observations were confirmed by studies
to be discussed in the following sections
of this paper which describe also the
effect of the rate of clinker cooling on the
expansions obtained during water storage
at normal temperatures.
Tables G, H and I of the Appendix
give the results of tests of 26 heat-treated
commercial clinkers. A portion of each
lot of clinker was tested as received from
the plant (plant cooling). A second portion was reheated to clinkering temperature in the laboratory and cooled slowly
(slow cooling), and a third portion was
reheated
and cooled quickly
(quick
cooling). Of the 116 cements prepared
from the 26 clinkers, 38 cements were
prepared from clinkers slowly or quickly
cooled under reducing conditions. This
procedure, in many cases, increased the
free CaO contents of the cements to such
an extent that it may be questioned
whether they represent in any way commercial clinkers as normally produced.
Hence these 38 cements have been
omitted from consideration in this phase
of the report but the data on them are
included in Tables G, H and I of the
Appendix, and also in Table 9 and in
Fig. 26.
All of the clinkers were ground in a
laboratory ball mill, with the addition of
gypsum to give 1.8 per cent SOa in the
M,
WHITESIDE
cement, to a fineness of about 1600 sq.

cm. per gm.
Relationships
between MgO content
and autoclave expansion, and between
MgO content and length changes of neat
cement and mortar bars for 78 cements
prepared from these 26 heat-treated commercial clinkers are shown in Fig. 11.
The average autoclave expansion cur~>es
from Fig. 11 for the slowly- and quicklycooled clinkers of low free CaO content
are compared in the middle diagram of
Fig. 12. In the case of the slowly-cooled
clinkers the autoclave expansions show a
rapid increase for MgO contents above
about 2.5 per cent, whereas with quick
cooling the autoclave expansions are low
regardless of the MgO content except for
three cements of high free CaO content.
Fig. 13 shows microphotograph
of one of
these commercial clinkers (No, 3) after
the heat treatments. It will be noted that
with slow cooling the grains of MgO are
relatively large but with quick cooling
they are much smaller.
The upper diagram in Fig. 12 compares
the total MgO content of these clinkers
with the MgO remaining
undissolved
when cement was treated with 2 Normal
nitric acid containing 10 ml. of 48 per
cent hydrofluoric
acid for 10 minutes.
When more than about 2 per cent total
MgO was present in the clinker, the periclase residue increased with increasing
total MgO for both quick and slow
cooling, but much more rapidly for the
slowly-cooled than for the quickly-cooled
clinkers. From this it appears that either
less periclase is present in the quicklycooled clinker (part of the MgO being
dissolved in the glass), or it is present in
a finer state of subdivision thus permitting more rapid solution in the acid mixture
These results indicate that the autoclave expansion is related to the form
and amount of MgO present in the cement. Magnesia in the form of large
mains of Periclase mav give rise to high
HYDRATION
Plant Clinker
(Not Reheated )
lzg4
?
+ I?.0
~~
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
33
Plant Clinker Reheated

and QuicklU Cooled
Plant Clinker Reheated

and SIowlq Cooled
#
1 r
I I
Ftee; CaO Content in Parentheses
(0.00)*
F%$&j
I(:2UI
&
&
10.0
,~tc
L %b+*,~
sly
(uua
~i%
~g~
U+x
~z
/?0,/6)
a)
m
/%04
(3.:9)
~!
~+6.O
~!
~:[.3+
II
:+4,0
$.s +2,0
C>A
/5%
d
~
u
0.
+0,4
lb .S36
I
.G -m s
an
+ 0.1
0
G
Curves
CO
Represent
I
Ce~ent:
Wit~
Less
, * +094
u
than
1.5/%
Free
CaO
, fe..ow
o
0
o
()
0(
10
:0
0
0
o
0
1
1.6
1
W,
1.z
;2)
0.8
0.4
/
00
()
& &
012345
234.5
0
0
012345
MgO Content of Cements - percent
Fig, 1I.Relationships between the length changes, the MgO undissolved (After 10 minutes in
2N HN03 containing 10 ml. of 48~o HF), and the MgO content of cements prepared from plantcoolecl, quickly-cooled
and slowly-cooled
commercial
clinkers
of varied
composition.
12~
.-c
10/
8
-
S/ow/y Coded
clinker- -;
6.
/
/
I
/
2
A S7M
Lim~
-~
Slowly-Cmled
Quickly
;Q u~kiy-cwledClinke
* .
Clinker --
II
i,
-+-
Av. Free CaO Content
Mill,
-02
,,
-0:6%
.,
--
-.
-.
-1
---
,-
---
--
+-.
07
d-
----
Ned Ce ents
I
MgO
2
Content
3
- percent
Fig. 12.Com~arison of the length changes and undissolved MgO (after 10 min. in 2N HN03
containing 10 ml. 4870HF) for cements prepared from slowly-and quickly-cooledcommercialclinkers
of varied MgO content,
34
_-..
..
Fig. 13.Photomicrographs of clinkers 3S and 3Q
(Left.) Photomicrograph of
lished section of clinker no. 3S selected to show grains of periclase as observed in slowly cooled clinkers. No etch. Magnification.llOooX. (Ward)
(Right.) Photornicrograph or polished section of clinker no. 3Q selected to show grains of periclase as observed in quickly cooled clinkers. No etch. Magnification 1000X. (Ward)
,, ..,,, ,,
36
..
. ~,.,.,,.
H. F. GONNERMAN,W. LERCH AND T. M. WKtTESIDE
autoclave expansions whereas the same

amount of magnesia when partly dissolved in glass, or when present in smaller
grains does not cause high expansion in
the autoclave. Measurements
with the
microscop~ made by Dr. G. W. Ward of
the PCA Fellowship of the size of the
magnesia grains in the 10-minute insoluble residues of the clinkers represented
in Fig, 13 showed the following values:
Size of MgO
Crystals-microns
Clinker Treatment
Average Maximum
Reheated and slowly cooled. . . . . . .
Clinker as received from plant. . . .
Reheated and rapidly cooled. . . . . .
22
15
35
fi
10
These values are probably

too low
since some of the grains would probably
be broken down in the grinding process
and also some solution would occur during the ten minutes in the acid. The measurements
indicate
that the magnesia
grains present in the clinker may be
faklY large and that they are hard and
dense since they are not rapidly dissolved
in 2A7HN03.
In view of the results just described
the length changes of specimens made
with cements of varied MgO content
when stored continuously in water were
examined to see what significance may
be attached
to the large difference
in autoclave expansion of the slowly- and
quickly-cooled clinkers containing over
2,5 per cent MgO.
In Fig. 14 the autoclave and length
change results obtained with the cements
from the slowly- and quickly-cooled reheated commercial clinkers, as shown in
Fig. 12, are compared with the results
from
obtained
with
the
cements
the quickly-cooled
laboratory-prepared
clinkers shown in Fig. 8. These comparisons are based on cements of low free
CaO content thus eliminating so far as
is possible the effect of free CaO.
It is seen from the upper diagram at
the right inFig. 14 that when quick cooling is employed, and the cements are
low in free CaO, a total MgO content of
6 to 7 per cent is attained b~fore there
is a sharp increase in the autoclave expansion, This is a much higher MgO content than the value of 2.5 to 3 per cent
above which a similar sharp increase in
autoclave expansion occurred with cements
prepared
from the reheated,
slowly-cooled clinkers of low free CaO
content, as shown by the upper diagram
at the left in Fig, 14. Therefore when
quick cooling is employed, a much higher
total MgO content can be tolerated before high expansions (above about 1 per
cent) in the autoclave occur. On the other
hand, the marked difference in autoclave
expansion
between
the slowly- and
quickly-cooled clinker, where the total
MgO content is above 2.5 to 3 per cent,
has not yet been reflected in the expansions of the neat cement and mortar bars
during continuous storage in water for
10 years. This may be seen by comparing the average expansion curves in the
lower diagrams of Fig. 14 which as stated
previously are based on clinkers of low
free CaO content in order to eliminate
the effect of that factor from the expansion curves.
Thus
the
bars
from
the slowly-cooled
commercial
clinkers
have not shown to date any tendency
toward greater expansion in water than
those from quickly-cooled clinker of similar MgO content but of low autoclave
expansion.
It appears from these results that up
to the 10-year period, the coarser grains
of MgO in the slowly-cooled clinkers, because of the larger size and greater surface of the individual grains, have not
hydrated sufficiently to cause excessive
and disruptive expansions during continuous water storage. Whether such expansions wiil occur at some later period
cannot be predicted. However, the possibility remains that abnormal expansion
may eventually occur when these coarser
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
grains of MgO reach a higher degree of

hydration. That the MgO ,grains, even
in cements from quickly-cooled clinker
may not be completely hydrated during
37
CHARACTERISTICS
surface, the individual MgO grains in dement from slowly-cooled clinker, would
not be expected to hydrate as rapidly as
the smaller grains in cement from the
20-
/
/
Cements
Prepared tiom
Commercial Clinkers
Reheated in Loborotory and
Slowly. or @ick& Cooled
,8
16
t./
Labor.iory
Cemenfs prepored
from Quick~ -Cooled Clinkers
AK Free CaO= 0.3%
, L 1
0
/y
14
(
12 -
/
/
10 -
{
I
8
I
1
;
6
L
Slowly .Cm!ed
Cl;nk er -[
I
4 2
I
ASTM Limit
QutcklyCcvled
Ciinker
.-
_/
0
_ -
ASTM Limit
1 ~
..
~,+q.
+.
-.
/
II
Neat
0.5
1-2
Mortur
Morfar:
0.4Sbwly
-Cooled --Quickly- II
0.3o,?
I
1
Cemen i Prisms:
Pri$ms
I-2
by
1A
1 bg I bg [IA -in,
: Zby2.5y
93-in.
Weight;
0-No, 4 tt$(gin Send
I
Neof
l-2 fVortor
AV,Free CaO 0.6%

/
0, I
/
~
/
~
/-2 /.fortur_
-0.1
-0,2 ~
--
+. .
~s
---
Mg O
Content
of Cement
per cent
Fig. 14.Comparisonof the length changes of neat cement and mortar bars for cements prepared from sIowly- and quickly-cooled clinkers of varied MgO content.
5 years in water, is shown by the autoclave results in Table 5 obtained at the
Fellowship using neat cement bars which
were made from cements from quicklycooled clinker and tested at 1 day and
also after 5 years storage in water.
Because of their larger size and greater
quickly-cooled clinker, but might be expetted to exert a greater expansive effect

when they have hydrated appreciably.
Professor A. H. White (22) whose
studies of volume changes of cements extended over many years, has shown that
3 and 4 per cent of finely ground hard-
H, F.
58
GONNERMAN,
W,
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
length changes of neat cement and nlortar bars made with commercial cements
manufactured
in three different plants.
The principal data f~om these tests are
plotted in Fig. 15.
From Fig. 15 which shows relationships between length changes and free
CaO content for commercial cements, it
is seen that the autoclave expansions
(upper diagrams) for all three plants are
burned MgO added to aground cement

containing 1,.9 per cent MgO originally
can produce excessive expansions in neat
cement bars after 3 or 4 years storage
in water and that the added MgO was
not completely hydrated in the neat cement bars during 40 years storage in
water, In this case the water has more
ready access to the individual grains of
added MgO whereas in the case of cement
TABLE 5COMPARISON OF EXPANSIONS OF NEAT CEJIENT BARS AUTOCLAVE

AT AGE OF 1 DAY AN D
5 YE.ARS WITH EXPANTSIOhl OF COMPANION BARS DURING STORAGE IN WATER-SERIES
230
Tests made by Portland Cement Association Fellowship at Washington, except the 5-hour autoclave tests which were
made by the Research Laboratory at Chicago.
1
K-2 j;
No
; C&
I
I
Calculated Compound Composition~.

I
1
C2S ~
C,A
I1
; G.4F
I
i MgO
I
Expansion of I by 1 by 6-in. Neat Cement Bars-z
~ In Autoclave after
1 day in Molds
1
!
jhfa&O?#mpi
a&~~mp
,.,
Free
Cao
~lj~~sh
hIgO SUBSTITUTEDFOR
24h. I 72h.
CaO
IN THE
the grains of MgO are surrounded by the

other constituents
and therefore do not
hydrate so readily. Moreover, because of
the impermeability
of the neat cement
and rich 1-2 mortar bars, it is diflicult
for water to penetrate to the MgO grains
and as a result they hydrate very slowly,
Hence, very long storage in water maybe
required to reveal the ultimate effects of
the MgO.
Plant and Laboratory Studies of Eject
Rate oj Clinker Cooling
oj
Tables L, M and NTof the Appendix

give additional data on the effect of rate
of cooling on autoclave expansion and on
i When Auto,
In Water Continuously
claved after
Sy. in Water*
! hf~~o~~mp,
I
ly.
I Sy, I Ioy.
24h. ~ 72h.
RAW MIX; CA DECREASES
highest for the slowly-cooled clinkers,

and lowest for the plant- and quicklycooled clinkers. It may. also be seen that
the autoclave expansions for the plantand quickly-cooled
clinkers were not
greatly different, indicating that these
clinkers were cooled at approximately the
same rate. Even though the slowly-cooled
clinkers were as low, or lower, in free
CaO content than the plant- and quicklycooled clinkers, they showed a much
wider range in autoclave expansion. Since
these cements all contained 2.7 per cent
or less MgO, it appears that the higher
expansions are due to the presence of
crystalline
CSA in the slowly-cooled
ard
.- ..
. - .__. -
slowly-cooled
commericz
Fi.tz.15.Relationshi~s
.0
+0.?
+0.4
+0.6
+08
+1.0
+1.2
+1.4
+1.6
..
Free
PLANT
B x
..
fk
.- . ... -
-.
- &30 Content of Cemmt.2.2 Z

Calculated C5A Content of Cem
112
.-
/
.
/p
-.
nt 82-92%
Quickl Cooled Slow! -tiled
CaO Content - percent
ant-Cooled
-r--l~~
~ .~~
[1.6-13.2%
from
plant-cooled,
[=
,
-:
12
q uiclil y-
k-
ki
t490 Content d Cement 2.4 2.7%

Content of Cement
Calculated C3A
PLANT
Cc
,Plant-$mJedl Quickl <ooled Slowl -Cooled
length change and free CaO content of cements prepared

clinkers.
beLWtx?33
H. F. GONNERMAN,W.
LERCH AND
T. M.
3:
.!.4
.
gee
0
2.
>q
,
,.
I___
1
,,
,j
.1
a
Oc
m
0
f
-t
+9.4
+11.1
3s1
3S2
3Q2
+11.1
+15.0
+0.81
17s1
17S2
17Q2
+0.33
+7.21
45
45
34
28
28
35
+13.3
+21.1
23S1
23S2
23Q1
23Q2
34
34
+0.24
+0.78
27Q1
27Q2
15
15
37
38
+7.8
+18.8
27S1
27s2
14
.5
6
14
19
19
14
14
46
30
38
37
+0.20
2
2
44
..
43
47
29
41
+9.4
25Q2
40
+7.2
+15.5
..--
25S1
25S2
4.8
0
0
5.o ] Trace
.182
.135
.284
.230
.090
.048
.064
.080
.177
.017
.044 .133 .199
23.0
.228
.233
.048
27.0
.046
.190
.016
.064
,207
.251
.334
.212
.050 .131 .185
.060
.105
.083
.403
.313
.380
.295
.102
.119
.080
.242
.220
.074
.075
.306
.072
.075
.084
II
.098
.104
.101 .101
.114
.088
.081
.116
.071
.092
.080
.071
.071
.090
.076
.074
.077 .084 .088
.074 .074 .072
.084
.068
.234
.294 .050
.
.208 .064
.355 .053
.302 .058
.347
.351 .076
.203
.255
.072
.180
.054
.169
.040
.
.
.041 .116 .192 .228 .015 .042 .062 .082 .182
.013
.058 .136 .190

.214
. 18+
.282
.332
.165
.290
.248
.328
.269
.280
.221
.240
.052
.066
.073 .091
l, ,
.036 .054 .066
.044
.063 .138 .199 .226 .015 .047 .059 .070 .180
.038 .121 .192 .232 .016 .040 .058 .079 .156
.011
,,
.021
.016
.239
.181
.276
.163
.040 .098 .155
.079
.048
6.l%
.055 .139 .230 .274 .022 .056 .084 .108
21.0
24.0
22.5
23.0
0
0
0
0
21.5
0.1
5.2
0.1
0
_
5.0
0
.
1)
5.2
22.0
6.1 I Trace
5.2
0
0
23.0
23.0
5.2
,
4.8
.MgO CONTENT OF CEMENTS4.8 TO
0.4
Trace
6.1
IF
4/2
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
clinkers whereas with quick cooling there

was little opportunity for the formation
of crystalline CSA. The effect of crystalline C3A on autoclave expansion is discussed below.
For each set of diagrams in Fig. 15
there is a trend toward increased autoclave expansion with increasing free CaO
content. In general there is a trend toward increased expansion of the neat and
mortar bars during storage in water with
increasing autoclave expansion. The contractions in air at the 10-year period
tended to decrease with increasing autoclave expansion.
Results of tests made to show the effect
of slow and quick cooling on cements
made from laboratory-prepared
clinkers
of both high and low MgO content and
of varied CSA content are given in Tables
O, P and Q of the Appendix. Some of
the signticant
results for these laboratory-prepared
cements are summarized
in Table 6.
Table 6 compares the expansions and
contractions of neat cement and mortar
bars for pairs of laboratory-prepared
cements which were made from slowly- and
quickly-cooled clinker of a given composition. In one of the groups of cements
the MgO content varied from 0.8 to 1.5
per cent and in the other group from 4.8
to 6,1 per cent. The cements in both
groups were low in free CaO, The re~i.d~
in Table 6 for the cements of a given
composition in the group low both in
MgO and free CaO show that up to the
age of 10 years the expansions of the
bars during storage in water were generally of about the same order of magnitude for both slow and quick cooling.
Also for these cements the autoclave expansions, except in one case, were less
than about 1.0 per cent.
In the case of the cements in the group
of high MgO content and low free CaO,
the autoclave expansions were high (7 per
cent to 21 per cent) for the slowly-cooled
clinkers, and much lower (0.2 to 9.4) for
,.
AND
T,
M.
lliHITESIDE
the quickly-cooled clinkers. In spite of

the wide differences in autoclave _expansion, the expansions of the neat cement
and mortar bars duri~g storage in water
were for a given clinker composition,
about the same for the slowly- as for the
quickly-cooled clinkers. However, the expansions during water storage for this
group of cements of high MgO content
were considerably higher than those for
the cements in the group low-in MgO
content. These results are in agreement
with those in Fig, 14 in showing that
while slow-cooling of the clinker greatly
increased the autoclave expansion in the
laboratory-prepared
cements
of high
MgO content, it has not to date generally
resulted in higher expansions than quick
cooling for specimens stored continuously
in water.
Influence oj CSA and C4AF on Autoclave
Expansion
and Length Changes as
Affected by Clinker CooliI~g
In the discussion of the autoclave tests
of the pure cement compounds (Table 1),
it was stated that C3A when tested alone
disintegrated
in the autoclave and that
when added in the amount of 15 per cent
to a synthetic mixture of C3S and CZS the
mixture showed an expansion of about
1 per cent in the autoclave test, The
influence of C3A on autoclave expansion
of cements
made
from commercial
clinkers is brought out in Fig, 16, This
figure shows relationships between autoclave expansion, expansion in water and
contraction in air, water requirement of
neat cement paste and 12 mortar, and
the calculated CSA content of cements
ground from plant-cooled, and from reheated and slowly- and quickly-cooled
commercial clinkers. The data in this figure are from Table H of the Appendix
and are summarized
in Table 7. The
clinkers represented in Fig. 16 contained
less than 2 per cent MgO and 0.85 per
cent or less free CaO. Hence these constituents should have exerted little if any
HYDRATION
EXP.4NSJON
influence on the results shown in this

figure.
The effect of C3A may best be seen
CHARACTERISTICS
comparison. The curves for the slowlycooled clinkers are based on clinkers in
which the free CaO content did not ex,
plant Clinker Reheated

and
. Quickly ._Cooled
plant Clinker Reheated

and
. SlowIy Cooled
Ii
~~
I
,e
2+ ~+oz
Ccm
~tm
k%+o,l
1,
-,
-u
!!!
n
1
E!A3
I
<,
10!
o
,6 ?2
-*;
IP*I
ElzEl
+0.3,
43
0,
EE9
l.
o,i~
E5EH
EEE3
,!
0
I
I
01
I
II
i,
,(2)1,
Eli2B
1
(*1
:
EEEl
%3?
EE!
~~lo~
1,-,
DIz!4K.
c)2468
. J
Calculated C3A Content - percent
;
~
!
I
i
~
246810121416
Fig, 16.Relationships between length change, water requirement and CA content for cements
prepared from plant-cooled, quickly-cooledand slowly-cooledcommercial clinkers,
(klgocontent of cements less than 2% and free CaO content ,S5% or less.)
Fig. 17 where curves from Fig. 16
from
for the slowly- and quickly-cooled
clinkers are shown together for ready
teed 0.33 per cent, the MgO did not

exceed 1.7 per cent, and the glass content
did not exceed 3 per cent. Hence, the
H. F,
44
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
effect on expansion of crystalline MgO

and free CaO were reduced to negligible
values. Because of the low glass content,
the actual C3A of these slowly-cooled
clinkers, except as influenced by the
minor constituents,
may be assumed to
be close to that indicated by the calcu-
AND T.
M.
WHITESIDE
increasing the autoclave expansion but

when crystalline C3A is not formed because of rapid cooling of the clinker, the
autoclave expansion is not affected.
The expansions and contractions
of
neat cement and mortar bars from these
clinkers, during 10 years storage in water
TABLE 7.mwrs oF CEMENTS

GROUNDFROMPLANT.,QUlCKLY-,ANDSLOWLY-COOLED
COMMERCIAL CLINKERS OF VARIED CALCULATED CsA CONTENTSERIES 270
Cements in each grou arranged in ascending order of calculated CgA content.
Data compiled from l!ables H and I of Appendix.
Cement No.
Length Changes During 10 Years
II
~ Calcula- 1
{Free CaO
I ted%CsA , MgO % /
%
I
I
1
A&c
E~
1
I ;;(!2
~ ;:;:::
\vat~~
, for#c
Neat Cement $%
In
,
Air 1 M&er
(-) , (-l-)
Illlli
I 2 Mortar?%
;n
,n
Air
(-)
I Y?Y
SLOWLY-COOLEDCLIiSKER
,04
II::
1.7
6S
17s
20s
21s
,
1
~
10.9
11.9
13.5
15.0
1.3
1.3
.08
.06
.31
.18
,006
I
-.006
.027 I
.137
.158
21.5
22.5
21.5
23.0
23.5
1.4
1.3
l.O
1.3
,2!
.33
.05
.112
.308
.318
.840
23.0
25,0
24,5
26.5
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
.210
.220
.248
.296
( .256
.122
.076
.123
.150
.110
.081
.083
.097
.088
.088
.110
.105
.098
.125
.088
.043
.096 i .043
.106
.026
.147
.031
.132
.104
.211
.202
.131
.137
.138
.088
.064
.083
.054
.081
.090
.102
.054
,040
.042
.049
.047
QUICKLY-COOLEDCLINKER
I
1::
26
28
:::
1%
21Q
j
1I
::!
10.9
11.9
15.0
1:6
A;
~ -:$O;
;.;
3:
,47
,52
.36
22.5
.097
~.91
391
3:91
::;i
3.91
3,91
.293
.098
.193
.220
.244
22.5
3.91
1 .214
;;:;
22.5
23.0
24.5
;::;
3.91
3.91
4.06
;;[
.188
.220
.290
,-
.
;:;
1.3
::;
]
.042
I
038 I
.230
::.:
:;:!?
22.0
23,5
.204
.049
.054
.052
.066
.044
.042
.039
PLAATT-COOLED
CLIISKER
5P
11P
2P
26P
1!;
21P
i
;
~
I
~
15
4.4
6.2
1::!
;:::
16
.
.33
!:!
1.4
I
I
:1
,36
.40
.38
::;
~ -.oo3
:;:
.084
.096
.374
lated CSA. The curve for the slowlycooled clinkers shows that above about
8 per cent of calculated CSA the autoclave
expansion tends to increase moderately
with increasing C3A, On the other hand,
the curve for the quickly-cooled clinkers
of the same compositions and having free
CaO contents of 0.85 per cent or less
shows that the autoclave expansions are
consistently low. From these results it is
seen that crystalline CSA is capable of
I
1
::;
i :::
::#
.136
.114
.132
I ;;;
.085
,088
.108
1 :039
044
::!;
.043
.039
.029
and in air are shown in the upper diagrams of Fig. 17. The curves do not show
any effect on expansion in water due to
the presence or absence of crystalline
C3A. R. hT. Young also found no relation
between calculated CSA content and expansion in water (See diagram labelled
Fig. 9 of Fig, 3).
For the slowly-cooled clinkers the contractions of the neat and mortar bars in
air tended to increase when the C3A con-
HYDRATION
CHARACTERISTICS
EXPANSION
45
I
-0.1
--
-_
-0.2
.
___
----
--
- >,
-0.3
A!euf
\
-0.4
\
\
--
Slowly-Cooled
Quickly-
clinker
II
II
-0.5
+0;
+ 0,2
Neaf
free
~AK
CaO= .5%
I
--. \
+0,1
o
+1.o
I
S/ow/y
- Cooled
-.
Ar
/
/
/
/
/
///
--.
QuicklyCooled
Calculated
C3A Gntent
[()
of Cement
,2
,~
,6.
- per Cent
Fig, 17.Effectof calculated CSAcontent of cement on length changes of neat cement and mo:tar
[Jars prepared from quickly-cooled and slowly-cooledcommercial clinkers.
(MgO content of cement less than 2% and free CaO content 0,85% or less; see Table 7.)
H, F.
46
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
tent was more than about 11 per cent

but the quickly-cooled
clinkers showed
no such tendency.
In this connection
.4ND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
quired for the corresponding

cements
from quickly-cooled clinker (See Fig. 16),
It is probable therefore th?t the higher
Cement No,221, 223, 225, 226, 227 228, 229, 230

MgO Content of Cements: 2.98 to 3,42%
Free CaO II II
II : 0 tO 0.3 %
C3A
II
II
II
:4.6 t06.6%
All Cements Prepared from
Cement No,
233, 235, 236, 23? 238, 239, 240
MgOContent of Cements: 2.73 to 3.44%
FreeCaO II II
II
: 0 to 0.4%
C3A
Qu~y-Cooled
: fo.8to
12.1%
Clinker
.. _
0
.
0~
0
f
,-0
2 +i3.3
(U:
k>
cc)
~ T- +0.2 -
?;
l%%l%;;~%;~~
-.
&
ilk-i..
\
-
~$
%
33
+0,1
c~
u
I
I
(
~.
.-0
U1
0
-.
uQ
.
I
~,o
15
20
:
c1
$
2-0.1
t
>
y
.<
-o.2-
-0.30
(>
<)
*.
c)
~alcul~ed
10
0
5
~4A F ?onte% of Cements-percent
25
Fig, 18.Effect of CIAF content of cement on length changes of neat cement and mortar bars
during storage in water or in air, and on autoclave expansion.
it should be mentioned that in molding
the neat cement and mortar bars the
water required by the cements from the
slowly-cooled clinkers high in calculated
CSA content was greater than that re-
water content tended to increase the

shrinkage in the case of the specimens
made with the cements prepared from
the slowly-cooled clinkers,
Fig. 18 based on data from Table E of
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
the Appendix for cements prepared in

the laboratory from quickly-cooled experimental clinkers shows relationships
between the calculated C4AF content and
length changes of neat cement and mortar bars for two groups of cements of
low and intermediate
CSA content but
having approximately
the same MgO
content and 0,4 per cent or less free CaO.
CIIARACTERISTICS
47
The upper diagrams in Fig. 18 show that

the autoclave expansion tended to increase slightly with increase in the calculated C4AF. The lower diagrams show
that the neat cement bars tended to expand less in water and contract somewhat less in air as the calculated C~F
increased but the 1-2 mortar bars showed
no such tendencies,
INVESTIGATIONSBY THE PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATIONOF COMMERCIAL

PORTLAND CEMENTS
Tests
Strength
of
Commercial
High-Early
Por~land Cements-Series
255.
The Report of the Working Committee

on Volume Change and Soundness of
Portland Cement of ASTM Committee
C-1 for 1936 (18) presented results of
autoclave tests and length change tests
of neat cement bars during a 90-day period of storage in water and air for 34
high-early strength cements which had
been distributed by the Sponsoring Committee on High-Early Strength Cement
for use in an earlier cooperative series.
Tables A, B and C of the Appendix give
chemical analyses of these cements and
the length changes and strengths of test
specimens made with them. Results of
length change measurements on neat cement bars stored in air and in water for
periods of 15 and 16 years, during 72
hours in autoclave (max. temp. 350F,),
and during 24 hours over boiling water
at 212F. are plotted in Fig. 19. In this
figure the cements are arranged in order
of their expansions during 16 y. in water.
At the time these tests were made, the
5-hr. autoclave test cycle, in which the
bars are exposed to a maximum temperature of 420F, for 3 hours, was not in use.
The autoclave expansions for this group
of 34 high-early strength cements were
low, only two of the cements (PCA No.,
3 awl 5, Fig. 19) showing expansions
SIigh t{y in excess of 1 per cent for the
test cycle used. Of the remaining 32 ce-
ments, one showed an autoclave expansion of 0,55 per cent, one an expansion of
0,35 per cent, and for the others the expansion was less than about 0.25 per cent.
The expansions during 24 hours over boiling water at 212F. also were highest for
Cements 3 and 5.
It will be noted that for most of the
cements, the expansions of the neat cement bars during 16 years storage in
water range between 0.1 and 0.3 per cent
and that the autoclave expansions show
a trend toward increasing values with
increase in expansion in water, although
there are some departures from this general trend. The bars from Cements 3 and
5, which showed the highest autoclave
expansions, also expanded the most (0.36
and 0.52 per cent respectively)
during
the 16-yr. period in water. The expansions in water of the other cements were
in no case abnormally high. Except for
Cement 5, the contractions
during 2
years storage in air for these 34 cements
ranged between 0.3 per cent and 0.4 per
cent.
The length changes for Cement 5, at
various ages to 16 years, are plotted in
Fig. 20. These are of particular interest
because this cement showed the highest
autoclave expansion (1.2 1 per cent), the
highest expansion in water (0,52 per cent)
and the least contraction in air at the
2-yr. period (O.12 per cent). Its indicated
free CaO content was 6.5 per cent. In
,,
48
H. F. GONNERMAN, w. LERCH
air storage this cement contracted up to

about th; l-yr. period and then bega~ to
expand slowly and continued to expand
until the 10-yr, period when the curve
flattened out. The expansion in air stor0
AND T.
M.
WEITESIDE
age at the 10-yr. period was 0.2 per cent,

a value about 40 per ceqt that of the
companion bar stored co~tinuously
in
water. The reversal in direction of the
shrinkage curve for this cement is char-
Shaded ureos represetrf MgO Confenf

Open areus represenf Free CaO Confenf
8~
-0,1
Confrucfion
ond
during 2 gems
in Air
fo 40% k?e/aiive
/fumi~ify
30
-082
-0.3 ~
~
0
0
c
8
~.
00
o
0
Oo
00
-0400
t.
l!~
,?4 hour.r
during
Exporrsicn
8
~
0
0
0
Ooo
Over
Expunsion
during 72 hours in &focluve
( Mux. Temp 3.506
Groqp 1 )
+ [.0 .
of 80[
~+:1,.ome.,.::.:ooo
L
~
c
+0.4
Expansionduringstoruge
U+ 70:-
/n
wuter
73/?
O*
+03 -
/6 ueors,
Ooog:.
**$~@***
+(.).2 .
0000*
oeo
>-r*es
g:e
0
o
~@8zw~
+0.1
!
()
000000000
o *****
PCA W2313KM
RSTM31230
000
******.*.****
. . . . . . . . .
9~ll%ti
9S5B193n>3
. . . . . .
Y@1228K~311961S
3Z177~18?44
120292135
llZ411?4ZZ
161017~B 6~WB73l526~28
Cement
Number
Fig. 19.Comparisonof length changes of 1 by 1 by 11~-in. neat cement bars with MgO and
free CaO contents of 34 commercial high-early strength portland cements.
Cementsarrangedin ascendingorderof expansion during 16 years stora e in water.
These cements were supplied by the Sponsoring Committee on Hi h-Ear y Strength, ASTM Committee
Teats made on the cements are reported in the 1936ASTM Procee 8?ings, page ZM, Part I,
c-l.
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
acteristic of cements of high free CaO

content. As was pointed out previously,
none of the other cements showed expansion during air storage,
CHARACTERISTICS
as the expansions of the cement in water

increased. The increase in expansion in
water with increase in MgO content of
the cement is particularly noteworthy.
0.6
Fret? COO Confenf Of Cempn+ _

72 hK Aufockwe
Expunsion,
(Mux Temp.d50E) L 2/%
49
6.5%
0.2
-o
V)
0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.2 A
u.
*
.
lge
Fig. 20.Length
changes in 1 by 1 by Ill-in.
At the top of Fig. 19 the sum of the

MgO plus free CaO for each of the 34
cements is shown by bar diagrams. A
distinct trend toward increasing values
of the MgO and free CaO may be noted
12
15
y~ars
neat cement bars for cement No. 8 (P.C.A.
No. 5.)
The relationships
between the MgO
content of these cements and their expansions in the autoclave and in water
are brought out more clearly in the diagrams of Fig. 21, The diagrams at the
50
right
clave
water
tents
ingly
H, F,
GONNERNIAN,
W.
LERCH
in this figure, which show the autoexpansions and the expansions in

for cements having free CaO congreater than 1.5 per cent, are striksimilar to those for the curves in
AND
T,
M.
Fig. 10 for cements having free CaO contents of 2.2 to 3.5 per ce;t.
Fig. 22 compares the expansions of
neat cement bars made with the 34 cements during 16 years storage in water
,
I
~xponsion
l.?
LO
? Ha.
Temp
free
Coo Z L 5 %
u
504 Group/)
TA;V
During_
(Mffx
WHITESIDE
in
Free
(fao
free
&O
> L5,Y
COn&ntsO
in Porenthesb
0.8
0,6-
0.4
,
[2.23)
I
0(/ 83)
0.2
0.5
(2 /2)
(/ 62)&
(/ 76)
Expansion
Q
I
/6 kors
During
T~
-1
0.4
in
Wufer
of
700-73E
free
COO,2 /.5%
free
0.3
Oo
0
0
0.2
G.20)
(>
~o
0(265)
CaO *15%
*
>
0
0
0
0.1
~ NO Autoc/ove
00
1
Tesf
40
of Cement
- percent
MgO Content
Fig. 21,Expansion of 1 by 1 by 11,+-in,neat cement bars during autoclaving and during 16
Bars made with 34 high-early strength cements of varying MgO and free CaO contents,
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
with the corresponding strengths of 6 by

12-in. concrete cylinders and 1-2.77, 2-in.
mortar cubes at age of 10 and 15 years
CHARACTERISTICS
51
sion in the autoclave
and in water
com-
pare favorably
with the strengths
of
those made with the cements showing
,
m
0000
0- (5gz)
o *5yt)
00
00
7000
0
0
0
0
.0
!-2. 72-4.32 Cmrefe

Cylinders
Stored Moisi Lhfll Tested of/0
&
y 4000
.
8 7000
u
L
?
/j 6000
/-2. 77 Mor7i7r Cubes in Wofer

Unii/
fisfed
of /5 Yeurs
,,
Oo
0
0
0
5000.
Edrs
00
0
+0,4 jj
h as21
1 L5~VJby/1~-in Neat
Z
Waler
00
0
4000
(4yn)7
000
70E
Cemenf
- 73K
Bars
,
,,
h 0.493 i
.!
o
0,
LO.3.
0s
/6 years
L
Q
.
:
n.
G
oo8@z:
+0.2
; +0,1
1,
,,
..
9U8U8:::8$**
I
.-c
-1
PC A-oM
ASTM -31
I
!
231314349281125263310122
81622311961532177271824412029
UB9345H
193027331 12411242Z 321610172118628
KK73E26m
2135
28
Cement Number
Fig. 22.Comparison of expansion characteristics of 34 high-early strength cements with
compressivestrength of concrete and mortar.
I
I
exists berespectively. No relationship

tween
strength and expansion in the
autoclave or in water. The compressive
strengths of the specimens made with
the cements showing the highest expan-
!
I
I
(
the lowest expansions k the autoclave

and in water, and the cements appear
to have suffered no impairment
of
strength up to the present.
Cooperative Auotclave Tests of Conwner-
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WEUTESIDE
Open areas indicate Free CaO content
-o:=
Contraction during
-0.2
zaJ
v
L
~
I
T
c
.-o
5
0
00
-0.3. OQQQ
0.
0
0
D
<00
0
Laboratorystorage
o
{>
Normal portland
,
1
,
1
1
,
1
,
-0.5.
-0.4
Expansion
+1.0 Autoclave
during
.5 hr.sin
I 1
o
(Max.Temp,.420CF]
1)
v
L
c
,-o
In
Air
0
?
t
in
* . *
o
L
g
15 years Storage
//I I
+0.5
Limit-______
----- ASTM
o
OQQQ
boo?
00 ___
3Will
7 1
0
.___
OQO
g h Earl
KZj7i
.
00
9$
m
1116217120191521249141018617
QOQ
***
Cement
333
Number
Fig. 23,Comparison of length changes of 1 by 1 by 11+-in. neat cement bars with MgO
plus free CaO contents of cements.
*lhese cements contained additions
Cements arranged m ascending order of expansion during 15 ears storage in water. Normal Portland Ce.
ments hTo.s 8 and 13 are not listed since their expansion data are lmited to one year in water.
f
These cements were included in a cooperative autoclave test sponsored
by the Working Co~ittee
on Volume
Change and Soundness, ASTM C-1, the results of which were reported in the 1938ASTM Proceedings, Part I, page
280.
HYDRATION
c;al
~o~~luJz~
Ce~ett~~.~e~~e~
EXPANSION
the cooperative tests reported by the Working Committe on Volume Change and Soundne~s, ASTM
Committee C-1, in 1938 (19). The auto-
,271. Tables
cements
J and K of the Appendix give chemical

analyses and results of autoclave and
length change tests on the 35 commercial
+
53
CHARACTERISTICS
used
in
1.2
~ansion
During 5 Hours in Autoclave

(Max. Temp. 420 E )
+1.0
free
COO
(w)
0/
I
/
t 0(.57)
I
I
content in F&rentheses
/
/
+ ().8
I
/
+ ().6
+().4
(:05)
(/:9]
+(3.2
(
RP
-i
+0.4
E~xmsion During 15Years in Water at 70 E

I
I
I
+(3<3
8
L
-E
8
+().2
0-
+(),]
T
c
.-0
vl
o
0
(u
00
fP.P
Porflon&&uolon
@P
Contraction During 15 Years

or Outdoors Under Cover
in LaboratorLl at 70E and 50% R.H.

I
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
-0.4
x-Outcfoor
.Yofoge
-0.50 -Laborabry i
Mg O
*P-P
0
0
0
Content of Cement - per cent
Fig. 24,Length changes of 1 by 1 by 11+-in.neat cement bars during autoclaving and during
15 years storage in water or in air as influencedby MgO content of cements.
J-k
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
clave tests of these cements were made

in accordance with the normal 5-hr. test
cycle (3 hr. at max. temp. of 420F.).
Data from these tests are presented in
Fig. 23 and 24. In Fig, 23 the length
changes of neat cement bars are compared with the MgO plus free CaO content of the cements which are grouped
according to type and arranged in ascending order of expansion of their corresponding neat cement bars during 15
The expansions during 15 years in
water for the 21 normal portland (Type
I) cements ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 per
cent. The increase in the expansions for
the various cements between the 28-day
and 1-year periods and between 1 and
10 years was relatively large compared
to that between 10 and 15 years. Three
of the four cements showing the highest
expansions at 15 years also showed the
highest autoclave expansions. Only five
of the cements showed an autoclave expansion in excess of 0.5 per cent, The
highest autoclave expansion was 1.1 per
cent. The contractions of the neat bars
stored in air of laboratory
showed no
consistent trend with respect to the expansions in water but the contractions
of the bars stored out-of-doors
under
cover for 15 years showed a tendency to
decrease with increase in expansion of
the companion
bars stored in water.
There was a distinct trend toward increase in the expansion of the neat cement bars during 16 years storage in
water with increase in the per cent MgO
plus the per cent free CaO.
One of the cooperating
laboratories
made chemical analyses of the cements
and reported that several contained admixtures. These cements are indicated
by an asterisk in Fig. 23. It will be noted
that several of the cements reported to
contain admixtures showed greater contractions than the others in their respective groups.
The expansions of the neat cement bars
made with the six high-early strength
AND
T.
M,
WHITESIDE
cements during 15 years in water were

of the same order of magnitude as those
for the normal portland cements showing
the highest expansions in water, but were
in no case higher than 0.3 per cent, The
autoclave expansions for the high-early
strength cements were less than about
0.25 per cent except for one cement (No.
23) which showed an autoclave expansion of 0.58 per cent. This cement showed
next to the lowest expansion in water of
the six high-early strength cements.The autoclave expansions and the expansions of neat cement bars in water
made with the three moderate heat, the
two sulfate-resisting,
and the three portland-pozzolan cements were low but their
contractions in air and in outdoor storage
were relatively high in some cases.
In Fig. 24 the length changes of neat
cement bars made from the various types
of cement during autoclaving and during
15 years storage in water or in air are
plotted against the MgO content of the
cements. The relationship
between expansion in water and MgO content (middle diagram of Fig. 24) is good considering that the indicated free CaO content
of the cements varied over a wide range.
The relation between autoclave expansion and MgO content is uncertain because of the variation in free CaO content
of the cements and lack of knowledge
as to the method and rate of cooling
ernpioyed in the various plants in which
they were made. While it appears from
the autoclave tests that most of the
clinkers from which these cements were
made had been rapidly cooled it also
appears that in some cases where the
MgO content was relatively high they
may have been cooled slowly. In the
upper diagram of Fig. 24 the dash-line
curve is intended to represent clinkers
that appear to have been slowly cooled
and the solid line curve clinkers that
appear to have been quickly cooled, Both
curves are similar to those shown in the
middle diagram of Fig. 12.
The contractions of neat bars during
HYDR..ITION
EXP.+NSION
15 years storage in air of laboratory and

outdoors under cover are shown in the
lower diagram of Fig. 24. The contractions of the neat bars stored in air of
laboratory show considerable scattering
whereas those for bars stored outdoors
under cover show much less scattering
and their contractions are approximately
one-half those of the bars stored in the
laboratory.
R. N. Young (12) also reported lower contractions
for neat cement bars stored outdoors, but protected
from direct sunshine and rain, than for
bars stored in the laboratory at 50 per
cent relative humidity and 70F.
Tests of 418 Commercial Portland C~ment.sSeries 263: Tables R, S, T and
U of the Appendix give results of autoclave tests, length change determinations
of neat cement bars at ages of 28 days
to 15 years, and chemical analyses for
3 groups of commercial portland cements
comprising a total of 418 cements. In the
first group were 103 cements purchased
in 1934 and tested in 1936. The second
group comprised 122 cements purchased
in 1936 and 1937 and tested in 1937. The
225 cements in these two groups represented virtually every plant east of the
Rocky Mountains. They were obtained
in the open market and furnished by a
member company of the Association for
test. These cements were stored in sealed
metal
ccmtainers
group
included
throughout
received
various
were
193 cements
by
the
during
as received.
types
from
plants
which
to
1938
were
at
and
the A18 cements
before
the
adoption
specifications
of cement,
third
Laboratory
1936
Since
manufactured
The
States
Research
in 19A0 of the ASTM

ering
tested.
the United
times
tested
until
virtually
covall of
I classification.
were 0$ Type
In Table R, to facilitate study of the
:Iutoclave and length change data, the
-118cernent,s are listed in ascending order
of their expansions in the autoclave tesi
(5 hour cycle, 3 hours at maximum temperature of 420F) and are arranged in
groups according to the magnitude of
them
CH.IR.\CTERISTICS
5.?
their expansions in the autoclave test,

the range of autoclave expansion for each
group being restricted to narrow limits
as follows: O per cent or l~s (negative
expansion), 0.01 to 0.10 per cent, O.11
to 0,20 per cent, 0.21 to 0.30 per cent,
etc.). In Table R the averages of the
results of the tests on the cements in the
various groups and the high and low
values for each group are also shown.
The autoclave tests were made on 1 by 1
by 11~-in. neat cement bars at age of 1
clay.
Table S gives the oxide analysis and
the calculated compound composition for
many of the cements. In this table the
cements are listed in the same order as
in Table R.
Tables T and U contain the same data
as Tables R and S, respectively, except
that in these two tables the cements are
hsted in ascending order of their expansions in neat cement bars during 15 years
siorage in zvaier and are arranged in
groups according to the magnitude
of
their expansions during the 15 years
storage in water, the range in expansion
for each group being restricted to the
following close limits: 0.100 to 0.125 per
cent, 0,125 to 0.150 per cent, 0.150 to
0.175 per cent, 0.175 to 0.200 per cent,
etc. These four tables permit the data
to be studied on the basis of the magnitude, within relatively close limits, of
either the autoclave expansion, or the
expansion of the neat cement bars during
15 years storage in water.
The average results from Tables R, S,
T and U are summarized
in Table 8
where it will be noted that the expansions
during storage in water tend to increase
with increase in autoclave expansion.
The contractions
in air also tend to
increase with increase in autoclave expansion but at the higher autoclave expansions they tend to decrease. The principal chemical constituents of the cement
which appear to correlate with both autoclave expansion and expansion during
storage in water are the MgO and free
22:s
11.5
35::
94
48
23
1s
Av.
Range
.09.5-.12S
.126-.lSO
.151-.175
.176-JO0
.201--225
.226-.2SO
.2Sl-.275
.2X-.300
.@I9 3.29.21
.080-2.90 .24
.ltKl-1.36 .26
.202-2.00 .29
.25 .I4 -.32

.26 .21 -.38
AV.
15 .$2;fsr in
-12
.I4
.16
.19
--.Ol -.196
-.014--336
-.016-.304
.006-.369
Range
Autoclave
Expansion-%
.20 -5.14 .34 .326-.3SO

.SO -8.17 .37 .351-.380
.182-2.7 ,J1
.301-.325
--_.--___
l Chemical analyses were not made on all
430.:
tal
T!
[No.
sen ted
%:p;,,
lJATA
2y.
ARRANGED
I
IN
I
ASCENDING
URDER
OF
--
6
.e
Lo
r;XPANSION
2y. 4y. 10~. 15~.
In Air 50% R.H.. 7O-80F.

C-1
I
4y. 1Oy. I 1.5~.I 28d. ly.
~_--..~..--. -..-..-.-_.. I, _.
or Expansion-%
4
z
IN
. -.-
Q 0
k i!
-- -7AUIOCLAVE
- -.
L
rci
8
c
9V
Average Oxide Analysis-%
v)
.06
.07
.t@
-10
-16
.18
-19
.20
.Of
89
.lO
-12
.09
.11
-13
.15
ARRANGED
.07 .17 .22

.86 .I7 .22
.OS
.___..lS -19
of the cements
.W
.02
.02
.0.3
.!I4
DATA
44 .tO- -13 I
.04 .12 .lS
.04 .12 .16
.OS .13 .ltl
-27 .33
.27 -34
-23 .29
included
-20
-22
-25
.27
.ll
.14
-16
.I8
IN
.20
-22
-24
.2S
I-
.24 .28 .28 .28 .30 -32 21.1

.24 -28 .28 -28 .31 .31 20.6
.28 .32 .32 .32 34 -3620.6
29 -33 .33 .33 .36 .36 21.8
5.8
6.0
6.3
6.1
.19
.21
-22
.24
.24
.25
-25
-28 .28
.2621.2
-29 21.2
.281 .2921.3
-30, -32 21.5
5.6
5.9
5.8
5.7
1.28 3.93
1.55 4.51
1.224.40
1.56465
3.3 64.6 1.16

3.3 64.2 1.59
3.463.62.13
3.3 63.5 2.62
1.12 2.28
1.04 2.63
1.183.31
1.27 3.89
WATER
2.65
2.96
3.18
3.09
1.69
1.75
1.79
1.73
1.75
1.80
1.82
1.72
1.33
1.35
1.30
1.28
1.32
1.47
1.63
1.41
.19
.24
.21
.21
.20
.29
.24
.20
.34 .21 .23

.37 .30 .35
-31 -28 .32
in the various
.22 .20.
.35 .351
.31 .3ll
groups in
.21
19.8 6.5 2.8 63.63.16 2.55
.36, -37 20.7 5.9 2.3 62.8 4.50 1.50
.33 I -32 20.6 5.7 2.5 63.1 4.05 1.58
this column. Results for the cements
5.71 1.80
6.00 1.68
5.63 1.85
analyzed
51
Sl
---
56
51
48
49
51
53
SO
52
49
51
2S
__--
s8
88
8
- -.--
:
10
--
--
11
11
9
9
3::
1.1
2.9
32o
3:2
2:
33::
31
219
32::
Calculated Potential Compound

Composition
____--.-_-
3.2
1.46 -20 55
::
:1
f
1.33 -12 50
12
7
f:9
1.36 -20 53
19 I
I
I
arc given in Tables S and
.__U of..-.Alq*crufix.
--
.21 .25 .29

-24 .25 -29
.26 .27 .30 .30 .30 .32 .34 20.8 5.9 2.6 63.2 3.45 1.39 4.84 1.81 1.56 .19
.29 .28 .32 -33, -32 -35 .34 20.8 5.6 2.7 62.8 4.06 1.22 5.28 1.80 1.29 -17
--___-
.12
.14
-16
.19
IN
2.8 63.8
2.8 63.6
2.663.1
2.5 63.5
ASCENDING ORDER
OF EXPANSION DURING 1s YR.
-____--____~
.21
-24
.2S
.26
.22 .26
24 .24
5.7 3.4
3.5 64.4
63.6 2.22
1.35 .17
-22
.02
.03 .06
.08 .08,
.lO .ll
.13 .12
.16 -13
.17 -20.
.26 -25
.26 -27
.28 .27
-30 22.1
21.2 5.1
1.480.76
1.14 3.36
2.24 1.71
1.76 1.08
28d. ly.
In Water at 75F. (+)
___--__
Average Contraction
84. .I1 .14 .16

.12 .I5 .18
.OS .f3 .I7 -20
.03 .I4 .18 -22
-----------------------------
,I --..-
TABLE (I.-SUMMARY
OF AUTOCLAVE
AND LENGTH
CffANGE TESTS 01 418 COMMERCIAL
PORTLAND
CEMENTS-SERIES
263
Two hundred and twent -live of the 418 cements were purchased in the open market and furnished for test by a member company of the Portland Cement Association. Of these 225
cements, 103 were purchase cr.rn 1934 and autoclaved in 1936; 122 were purchased in 1936-1937 and autoclaved in 1937; 193 of the 418 cements were received during 1936-1938 and autoclaved
as received. Smce the cements were manufactured before the ASTM Tentative Specilication for 5 types was adopted in 1940, virtually ail of the 418 cements were of Type I classilication.
Autoclave expansions determined in accordance with ASTM C-151 (5 hr. in autoclave, 3 hr. at max. temp. of 420F.).
Length change measurements made on 1 by 1 by 11%~in. neat cement bars of ASTM normal consistency. After 24 hours in molds in moist air the bars were stored in air at 50% reiative humidity and 70 to 8OF., or in water at 70 to 75F., or outdoors protected from rain and snow. (See Tables R, S T and U of Appendix).
Cemcn; over Boiling
Water (Pat Test).
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with ASTM C-189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic
-~-
..
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
The apparent correlation between

the expansion in water and the sum of
the MgO and free CaO is particularly
~aO.
~
ml
WI
418 COMMERCIAL
ment and mortar bars during 10 or 15

years storage in water for the 418 commercial portland
cements and for the
,
PORTLAND
CEMENTS-
1-
Cements grouped
within re/oiivelg
close +
Iimifs
according b their expansions
during
..
57
CHARACTERISTICS
hours in autoclave. (?bbles R oncf8 )
SERIES 263 ~
Cements grouped within re/otive/yciose limits according to their

expansions in neoi cement hors durin
.C
1
z
L-O.3
g
;
,!,
wifh some ovsrage

autoclave expunsion
#i
Ncfr change in Scale
02
0.4 0.6
0.8
1,023456769
Average Expansion During 5 Hours in Autoclave
Fig. 25.Comparison of the average length changes of neat cement bars during 15 yrs. storage
in wat.~rat 700-750F.and during 10 yrs. storage in air at 70-800F. and 5W?0R.H. with the average
length changes during autoclave test (.\STM C151).
good for the data as arranged in the
lower half of Table 8.
Fig. 25 and 26 show relationships between the average autoclave expansions
and the average expansions of neat ce-
cements. The
autoclave tests of the various cements
represented in these two figures were all
made in the same manner, that is, the
tests were made on 1 by 1 by 1l$in,
58
H, F.
Summary
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
of Tests of 263 Laboratory-Prepared

Series 260, 270 and 277
foL92
Ce
ment:
+~63
+
#
Cements grouped within relatively close limits accor in~--to their expansions during 5hrs. in Autoclave, (Table ~
% O,*
!)
0.7 ,
(12)
I
I
I
I
in Each Group
l~dicateld. in ~aren;heses
Number
.\
0,6 _ IS
,,z ~14
of Cements
I b~ I by Ilk-in. Neat Bars
,*
0.5
0.4
.-c
r
I
0,2;
Y(
(13)
o
c
o
,-
In
1%
CL
x
Id
,/
L
,.
t
-*
8
:$
:6
;*
:$
/
/,
.-
t
f
/~
,d
,-
Note Chonge in Scale
s
0.2
0.4
0.6
(),8
L02345
Average Expansion During 5
10
15
20
hrs in Autoclave- Percent
Fig.
26.Comparison of the average length changes of neat cement and 1-2 mortar bars
during 10 years storage in water with the average length changes during the autoclave test
(ASTM C-151).
,!
I
1
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
neat cement bars at age of 1 day using

the 5-hr. test cycle and keeping the bars
at the maximum temperature of 420F.
for 3 hours.
The diagrams at the left in Fig. 25 are
based
on the data in Table R, and in
the upper portion of Table 8 which summarizes the tests on the Al 8 cements on
the basis of their grouping within narrow
limits with respect to the magnitude of
59
keeping in mind the fact that the expansions in water are for a 10-yr. period in
Fig. 26, and for a 15-yr. period in Fig. 25.
There is, in general, a rather definite
relationship
between expansion in the
autoclave test and the expansion of neat
cement pastes, and 1-2 mortars during
continuous water storage, This relationship indicates that the characteristics of
the cement that cause expansion in the
TABLE 9.SUMMARY OF AUTOCLAVE AND 1O-YEAR LENGTH CHANGE TESTS OF 263

LABORATORY-PREPARED
CEMENTSSERIES
260, 270 AND 277
Autoclave expansions determined in accordance with ASTM C-151 (3 hr. at max. temp. of 420F.),
Length change measurements made on 1 by 1 by 1I%-in. neat cement bars of ASTM normal consistency. After 24
hours in molds in moist air the bars were stored in air at 50%relative humidity and 70 to 80F., or in water at 70 to 75F.
(See Tables E, H and P of Appendix for results of tests on the individual cements. ) Cements arranged in order of autoclave expansion.
Exp. During 10 yr, in Water%
Cements
Autoclave
Expansion,
I
No.
70
1 x 1 x ll%-ind
Neat Bars
% of
Tot.
AV.
Av. I Range
..4.
11 I 4.2 -.011-.03-.00
.051 .01-.10
62 1 23.6
.151 .11-.20
34 i 12.9
.261 .21-.30
1; I 5.0
.341 .31-.40
~ 3.4
5
!
5
5
4
I
CHAfiCTERISTICS
.48]
.56
.661
.76
.83
~ 1.9
2.3
~ 1.5
, 1.9
1.9
1.5
1;::
::
31 i 11.8
14* ~ 5.3
.96! .91-1.0
2.8 I 1.1-5.0
8.0 I 5.1-10.0
12.0 I 10.1-15.0
17.2 \ 15.1-20.0
2 x 2 x 9~-in. 1-2
Mortar Bars
Av. 1 Low
1High
High
Av.
.02
,03
.03
.04
.03
.05
.07
.09
.12
.09
.25
.23
.21
.14
.25
.24
.22
.25
.19
,18
.10 !
.09 ~
.18
.12 I
,(37 I
.30
.32
.34
.31
.08
.07
.08
.06
.06
.04
,04
.05
.05
.03
.09
.09
.09
.08
.08
.22 I
.27
.25
.26
.36
.27
,29
.28
.31
.61
.18 i
:;:
.40
I .42
.53
.17
.28
1:8
.08
.09
.11
.09
.32
.06
.04
.06
.06
.09
.12
.14
.47
.18
.55
.25
.24
.24
.09
+1.6
Av.
Low
.36
.50
.36
.36
.30
.09
,10
.08
.09
,09
.08
.06
.05
.00
.06
.11
.12
.13
.12
.11
.06
.11
,22
.23
.25
.43
.51
.28
.30
,49
.08
.08
.08
,10
.11
.05
,05
.06
.08
.08
.14
.16
.09
.12
.15
.10
.11
+.12
+1.3
+3.0
.38
.47
,39
.52
,49
.08
,09
.08
.07
.04
.06
.04
.03
.00
+.14
.10
.12
.13
.14
.12
.04
.05
.06
.07
.06
,25
High
I Low
.13
.27
.29
,36
.32
.,,
2 x 2 x 9~-in. 1-2
Mortar Bars
1 x 1 x 11%-in.
iNeat Bars
!
~
1
i
.10
.14
.18
.23
.21
.41-.50
..$1-.60
.61-.70
.71-.80
.81-.90
Low
.06
.07
.08
.10
.10
Contraction During 10 yr. in Air ~.
I
.21
~
,10
I
.10
j +.14
]
.0.5
,!:
Ill
!,
High
.48
.46
+.05 +1.4
.00 +.17
,26 1.65
.09
.27
21.8 Above 20.0 .98
.12
.
.-.
* Included in these two groups of cements were 5 cements from reheated clinker slowly-cooled under reducing conditions which were unw-.~nd in the ASTM Test for Soundness (C-189 Pat Test). The autoclave expansions of these 5
cements ranged from 18.0% to 22.770.
12* ~ 4.6
their autoclave expansions. The diagrams

at the right in Fig. 25 are based on the
data in Table T, and in the lower portion of Table 8 which summarizes the
tests on the 418 cements on the basis of
their grouping within narrow limits with
respect to the m~gnitude of their expansions in neat cement bars during 15 years
storage in water.
Fig. 26 is based on the results of tests
of the 263 laboratory-prepared
cements
included in Series 260, 270 and 277 and
summarized
in
in this figure
lmver
two
Table
may
diagrams
9. The
be compared
at the left
diagrams
with
in Fig.
the
25
autoclave test usually cause expansion of

pastes, mortars and concretes during continuous exposure to moisture.
The results indicate that commercial
portland cements having an autoclave
expansion of 0.50 per cent, in general, will
show an expansion of approximately 0.26
per cent in neat cement bars and 0.08
per cent in 12 mortars during 15 years
continuous moist storage.
It is apparent from the diagrams at
the right in Fig. 25 that when the expansions of neat bars during 15 years storage in water were low the autoclave expansions also were low, and that as the
,,: ..
i
1
,,
1
il
II
i;
Ill
!$
~:~
1/
1.
~:~
il
11
!
1!
aot No
15860
15654
15321
16125
15954
15342
15692
15691
1.5316
15433
15229
15814
Ref. No
449
429
444
458
465
445
455
454
443
427
441
448
.338
.340
.302
.237
.287
.311
.238
.292
.267
.238
.304
.247
28d.
.386
.381
.399
.258
.289
.337
-
.283
.337
.363
.283
.356
.324
9od.
--
2y.
Disc.
.4i4
.233
.249
.394
.338
.
.3.i6
.296
.347
.378
ly.
In Air ()
.416
.320
.408
.389
.415
.319
.359
.397
.325
5y.
I
28d.
90d.
.
Cent
ly.
I
2y.
5y.
In Water (+)
.248
.458
.332
.438
.417
.352
.404
.435
.335
.379
.420
,
.067 .084
.070 .091
.070 $ .088
.077
.098
.078 .099
.096
.104
.102 ! .128
.104
.161
.088 . 116
.100 .129
.034
.033
.028
.034
.041
.034
.037
.044
.045
.054
.031
.044
.i87
.187
.166
.172
.195
.126
.126
.178
.142
.110
MISCELLANEOUSNORMAL PORTLANDCEXENTS
loy.
14y.lly. I 15y.
.-
Expansion or Contractiml-Per
.179
.188
,210
.224
.203
.206
.112
.159
.133
.134
.190
.153
loy.1ly.
.1.iy.
.186
.211
.229
.258
.358
.496
.022
.060
.093
.096
.149
.159
1st
Cycle
1 -
Expansion in Water
after Autoclave Tests
.. . ....
.273
.306
.3.54
.550
.405
.757
.034
.092
.146
.126
.212
.282
2nd
Cycle
.322
.359
.414
.680
.436
.889
.042
.113
.173
.142
.245
.338
..-
.364
.395
.451
.762
.468
.983
.056
.138
.192
.161
.276
.378
4 yr.,
4 yt.,
4 yr.,
5 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 yr.,
5 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 yr.,
4 mo.
4 mo.
9 mo.
6 mo.
9 mo.
9 mo.
9 mo.
6 mo.
9 mo.
4 mo.
4 mo.
9 mo.
3rd I Expan- ~lme in water

Cycle ,sion, 70
I______
Expmsion in
Autoclave-~O
TABLE 10.RESULTS OF AUTOCLAVE AND LENGTH CHANGE TESTS OF MISCELLANEOUS COMMERCIAL CEMENTS-SERIES
263
Each value represen~s a test On one m two 1 by 1 by 10-in. bars of neat cement rnixcrl to rmrm!l cmrsistcucy, except for tbc mstuclavc tests CAthe normll pmtland and high early
strcn~th cements Ofthe Invcstugatmn sponsored by the Ihghvmy Research Board in wiuch each value IS tbc avera~c of tests rm three bars. Bars cured 20 to 24 hr. in mrrld in mrsist closet
at 70 tu 75F. and 10070relative humidity. Upon removal from molds, bars were placed in water at 80F. (or 70F.)* for 1 hr., surface driecl and measured for length and weight and then
treated as indicated.
(A) Specimens in air were stored in a room the temperature of which was 80 + 5F. and the relative humidity 30 to 40~&.
(B) Specimens in water were stored in a tank at a temperature of 70 to 7SOF.
(C) Except where noted, specimens steamed at 212F. were placed over boiling \vater for 5 hr., then stored in water fnr 43 hr. and then again placed over boiling water for 19 hr.
(24 hr. total steaming at 212F.).
(D) Specimenssteamed at 3soF. included One m two specimens from e%ch cement tested for each autoclave period which included a 5-hr. heating period to 3soF., a 14-, 38-, or
62-hr. period in saturated steam at 350F., and a 5-br. cooling period to 212F.
All specimens steamed at 212F. or autoclave at 350F. as noted under (C) and (D) above, were cooled from 212F. to 80F. (or 70F.)* in water. After 24 hr. in water specimens were surface dried and measured for length and weigh t.
(E) Specimens steamed at 420F. were subjected to one, two or three 5-hr. cycles, each of which included a onc-br. heating period to 420F., a 3-br. period in saturated steam at
420F. and a l-hr. cooling period to 212F.
All specimens steamed at 420F., except as noted, were allowed to cool slowly in autoclave (with cover removed) then in air from the temperature of 212F. to about 150-180F.
Specimens were then immersed in.water which had been preheated to lSOl:. (or to the temperature of the bars) and the water tempered to bring specimens to 80F. (or 70F.)*.
Specimens were surface dried, weughed and me=surcd for length I hr. after removing cover from autoclave.
(A) Cemenfs Subjected to .SIandard ASTM A ulrrcIave Test Cl jl
(Cements of each type are listed in ascending order of expmsion during first cycle of autoclave test)
.208
.266
.245
.274
.174
13965
13350
13915
13368
13993
13348
13411
14055
13366
13377
14428
223
113
211
128
240
111
145
272
126
132
374
.215
.199
.205
.
.181
.210
.289
.210
.170
.227
.244
.134
70F. used in early tests.
13856
13874
13860
13813
13858
193
202
197
178
195
13284
13287
13857
14263
13353
97
Im
194
336
116
.301
13308
13357
13361
14138
13363
154
119
121
314
123
.356
.405
.256
puo; I .220
).. .
14371 .231
13409 .337
13345 .224
14017 .215
13355 .250
345
315
371
143
108
248
117
.285
.285
.240
.191
.290
.230
.220
.196
.240
.248
.236
.233
.220
.194
.238
.220
.211
.185
.238
.241
.248
.286
.284
.284
.222
.232
.276
.271
.2;7
.199
.259
.302
.300
Brokel
.212
.467
.277
.282
.364
.076
.091
.062
.051
.063
.066
.080
.098
.031
.059
.025
.032
.058
.024
.016 .052
.008 .029
.027
.015 .040
.027 .059
.156 .232
.035
.041
.028
.021
.008
.043
.041
.046
.030
.022
.014
.025
.010
.030
-.002
.010
.026
.040
.050
.048
.026 .050
.055
.225
.223
.200
.230
.248
.212 .213
.200
.208
.183
.188
.226
.210
.229
.247
.249
.228
.209
.242
.266
.080
.090
.084
.095
.096
.018 .030 .050

.018 .031 .050
.038 .064
.037
.087
.020 .047 .065
.379
.360
.248
.208
.361
.335 \ .368
.334 i .350
.230 \ .238
, .205b
.3i6b ! .352
.-
.167
.124
.116
.148
.232
.128
.091
.076
.108
.156
.445
.210
.233
.239
.163
.086
.177
.208
.233
.207
.179
.169
.116
.130
.166
.176
.152
.186
.172
.123
.056
.142
.167
.183
.151
.132
.080
.129
.078
.137
.082
.084
.127
.150
.151
.195
.273
.412
0.0
.212
.171
.160
.192
.281
.644
.203
.161
.152
.184
.268
.618
.146
.157
.136
.152
.161
.108
.112
.110
.124
.124
-.
.176
.175
.150
.183
.193
.117
.107
.110
.136
.140
.137
.190
.184
.161
.213
.204
.053
.060
.061
.064
.075
.109 .002
.015
.113
.146
.030
.037
.146
.046
.13s
.089
.100
.105
.124
.143
.270
.278
.314
.219
.116
.256
.271
.294
.215
.106
.263
.260
.275
.237
.284
.058
.060
.064
.076
.081
.142 -.023
.210
.009
.133
.014
.219
.017
.147
.018
.150
.020
.20.5
.029
Broken
.268
.286
.246
.
.147
.201
.128
.211
.144
.141
.198
.070
.068
.084
.104
.092
.091
.090
.112
T.V.A. TYPE B PORTLANDCEMENTS
.293
.336
.320
.228
.236
.242
.179
.197
.194
.216
.213
.219
.214
.225
.236
. . +.621 +.650
.451
.272
.284
.352
.277
.267
.288
.368
.272
.274
.312
.305
.302
.258
.188
.3(m
.301f
.253b
.183
.237b
.238b
~.470
.340
.330
.287
.252
.196
.190
.270
.245
.285
.275
.083 +.250b
.253
.290h
.320b
.291b
.218
.3&b
.249
.342
.291
.330
.210
.254
.320
.284
.305
.225
.398
.452
.305
.285
.34.5
,272
.271~
.293
.356
.261
.272
.298
.430
.268
.265
.332
.329
.244
.241
.279
.357
.254
.241
.287
Broken
.425
. 29d
.256
.346
.254b
.267
;;;$
.438
.490
.340
.276
.308
.272
.265~
.291
.415
.300
.250
.335
HIGII-EAXLYSTItENGTNPORTLANDCEMENTS
...
.
...
;0s0
..
...
..
..
..
...
. ..
...
...
..
.
. .
.tisi
,..
.
...
.
::;
.143
-...
8 yr., 11 mo.
8 yr., 10 mo.
8 yr., 10 mo.
.-. .
8 yr., 11 mo.
8yr., 11 mo.
8 yr., 4 mo.
..
.199
.083
.117
. !32
.098
9 yr.. 8 mo.
...
...
...
.052
8 yr., 7 mo.
. .
8 yr., 8 mo.
.. .
.
...
8 yr., 6 mo.
8yr., 7mo.
...
8 yr., 2 mo.
8 yr., 6mo.
7 yr., 11mo.
...
.304
.214
.203
.
...
.085
.051
.082
.090
.<.,..-.
.. I ...
.256
.
...
...
..
...
.
.188
.137
.144
.
.
.
.045
.
.039
.036
.
.004
.-.
H.
F.
GONNERWIN,
W,,
LERCII
. .
.. .. .. ... .,.
.. ,, . ,.,,
,.,
,..
AND
T.
M,
.,,
.
.,,
,, .
loo m-!
r.r-l.lw
Ooy
,,.
,. ..,.
.,.
..,.
..,
. .. .. .. ..
,,, . ,, .
,, . . .
.,::
t.?.?$~
.-mm
. .
422
412
413
451
423
424
.:-.
.281
.257
.377
.441
.289
\ .182
15681
13450
.066
.190
.071
Broken
.275
.293
.286
.297
.372
.225
.195
.245
.233
.211
.303
.200
13313
.172
13312
.218
13315
13311 .204
13316
.170
13314
.270
.055
..
.195
.230b
.326
.210
.387
.230
.434 I
., .1.
.330
.458
.305
.281
.290
.323
.385
.223
.235
.345
.229
.402
. 255b
.333
.464
.355
.278
.446
.252
2MJ
.332
.193
.303
.273
.350
.491
.080
.080
.081
.0s7
.118
.132 .133
. 10I3 .113
. !04 .104
.160 .199
.113 .137
.068
.070
.070
.067
.104
.114
.056
.045
.048
.053
.061
.115
NATunAL CEMENTS
.061
.064
.115
.028 .042 .075
.027 .042 .071
.039 .059 .100
.024 .039
.030 .045
I .0s0
; .071
.053
.096 .130
.
.048
.022
.028 .042 .064
.034 .061
.
.045
.10s
.115
.199
.143
.132
.175
Broken
.127
. .
.
.
.019
.060
.O&3
.068
.090
.366
.204
.570
.205
.250
.276
.219
.511
.220
.637
.266
.612 1. 198
.033
.039
.044
.047
.066
.176
.137
.126
.246
.173
.152
.223
.129
.125
.237
.165
.147
.217
[ 1.598
.056
.069
.096
.102
.202
.223
.035
-.034
-.024
.014
.038
.050
1.690
-.o16
-.033
1.718
...
.
...
..
. .
. .
.ti3
.067
.000
1.020
.282
.320
.572
.836
1.487
.713
.073
.079
.057
.
...
.
...
.
. .
.
I -
8 yr., 4 mo.
..
8 yr., 4 mo.
7.yr., 9 mo.
8yr., 11mo.
7 yr., 9 mo.
7 yr., 9 mo.
8 yr., 10mo.
7 yr., 3 mo.
7 yr., 5 mo.
4 yr., 9 mo.
5 yr., 10mo.
8 mo.
10mo.
10rno.
7 ma
9 mo.
. .-----
.
. . ..
8 yr.,
6 yr.,
6 yr.,
8 yr.,
4 yr.,
.030
..
-.011
. o~(j
.087
.083
.102
.210
.
.331
.375
.643
.934
...
.112
.110
.113
.144
.799
...
i5141
;P24
II
.-
I -
.133
.082
.096
.206
.014 .006
.023
.031
.&2
.040
.057
.
.137
.074
...
.230 , .151
.119
.096
.098
.296
.207
.131
.1.45
. [29
.123
.174
. ..
.125
.080
.093
.202
.128
.224
.112
.090
.095
.... ..
.181
. .
.217
.285
.199
.193
.222
.224
.164
.181
.156
.170
.
.137
.
...
.123
..
.071
.058 .077
.063
.072
.082 .103
.148, .190
OIL-WELL CEbfENTS
.029 .035
.030
.026 .030
.028 .(J33
.046
.Oio .057 I
I .021 .026
.355 . 367
.221
.214
.301
.290
.368
.359
.433
.420
.260
.253
.354
.274
.434
.249
.318
.183
.288
.261
.344
.480
.088
.093
.070
.082
.092
.114
.043
.041
.045
.045
.078
.090
IORTLAND CEMENTS
pORTLAND-pOZZOLANCEMENTS
.507
.037
,062
.046
.037
.040
.059
.365 ] .026
.252 ..023
.360 .026
.323 .024
.400
.050
I .037
AIR-ENTRAINtXG
..
i -I*W7~~~
!071I-2xoI44-297
.328
.194
.26,)
.33,
.39.)
.396
...
. ..
..
.
.323
.358
..
.185
.494
.533
.381
.516
.501
. ..
...
.373
.492
.350
.252
.347
.304
.401
,527
.263
.170
.225
.238
.200
.332
.200
.
.222
...
. 440b
.307
.226
.301
.276
.374[
.262 I .269
.306
.222
.302
.274
.369
.454
.
13569 I
14053A .208
13568 I
14053B .178
.?91
13317
13570
b Cracked.
431
181
.256
.226
Not made
.369
.335
.446
.388
.317
.275
.365 I .432
.
.
14508 .194
14516 . .175
13862
13309 .300
~8~
15347
14736
14737
15864
15348
15349
.I
149
148
151
147
152
150
182
331
153
184
::
401
191
400
403
198
104
..
416 14831 .317

24.5
14833 .288
17839 .310
417
418
14833 .288
247
14016 .33s
450
15865 .370
_-.
-....... .. .-
310
307
309
306
308
305
9od.
.
1y.
I
2y.
....-_
::
446
404
447
14141
15942
15442
15699
14531
15761
.2i8
.194
.257
.300
.273
.255
.267
.233
.340
.333
.354
.257
. .
.246
.352
.387
.363
.260
...
.252
.
.392
...
.375b
.
.317
.337
.370
.224
.305
.378
.370
.222
.238
.368
.314
.188
.218
.334
242
430
133
134
317
.366
.255
.198
.302
.304
.168
.229
.190
.200
.187
. 185b
.311
.282
.
.393
.272
.203
.216
.280
.23.5
.251
.228
.225
. 18s
.225
.195
.306
.238
.200
Broken
.186
.250
.201
.231
.203
.208
14451
.181
13994
.190
.1;9
15334
14490
.286
.200
14511
14134
.170
14429 +8. 88
14132
14129
14131
14128
14130
14127
391
241
452
392
402
312
375
..
28d.
In Air ()
414
.144 ; .146
;:%
I :O&
.073
415
.147
.150
.070
456
15693I Broken
..
.. ..
-.
Ref. No. Lrrt ATO.
.288
.271
...
.372
...
.393
.365
.231
.353
.332
.
.304
.305
...
...
...
Sy.
or
.327
.324
.286
.304
.400
.444
.412
.461
...
.378
...
.381
.372
...
.415
.300
.331
.320
.184
.219
.182
.196
.184
.166
.172
.171
.380
.239
.371
.356
28d.
lY.
NATURAL
9od.
CEMENTS
2y.
5y.
In Water (+)
.062
.073
.062
.071
.057
.063
.119
.132
.123
.134
.121
.129
.150
.162
.152
.166
.154
.165
.032
.023
.034
.023
.046
.033
.034
.024
.028
.010
. .
.077
.057
.079
.066
.074
.023
.067
.043
.054
.150
.145
.096 .111
.077
.
.072 .086
.104 . . .
.105 .136
.113
..
.183
.174
.067
.
.127
.178
...
.299
.231
...
.
.255
..
. ..
...
...
. ..
...
...
.042 .045
.085
.075 .095
.101 .130
[SCELLANEOUSCEMENTS
.026 .065 .122 .161

.049 .102 I .170 .211
. .
.048 .135
.007 .010 .024 .034
.046 .071 .114 .151
.052
.145 .187
7.88 7.60 7.64 7.65
SPECIAL CEMENTS
.044
.042
.035
.042
.030
.035 ,
EXPERIMENTAL CEMENTS
.223 .405 .461 .493

...
...
.186 .331 .397 .431
. . . . 1.209
.094 .349 . . .
AIR-ENTRAINING
13y.14y.
Cent
.%
.162
.098
.192
.189
.201
.-
.071
.137
.162
lrok-
.251
.363
.289
.0.54
.220
.305
...
.222
.244
.2.35
.246
.233
.258
..
...
...
.
llly.12y.
.
.195
.168
.166
.076
.057
.231
.323
.
.259
.375
.234
.256
.247
.258
.246
.272
Expansion in Water
at ter Autoclave Tests
.--
.089
.105
.122
.147
.154
.239
-.066
.044
.059
.062
.124
.179
.137
.299
.192
.494
-.078
.062
1.031
~:Ll&
..
1.570
..
.
. .
..
.
.219
.144
.388
.226
.663
...
.074
.
. .
-.033
/ ...
.013
-.029
.043 .041
.048
.040
.050
.061
.073
. .
1.0
...
...
.
-
-.041
::E;
.200
.274
.276
.350
,406
.700
.181
.256
.159
.429
.270
.739
.064
.089
.. .
.
. .
.078
.121
.008
-.028
.006
.03.5
,..
.
.593
1.080
1.070
yr.;
4 yr.,
5 yr.,
4 yr.,
7 yr.,
4 yr.,
8
8 yr.,
5 yr.,
6 mo.
4 mo.
6 mo.
9 mo.
8 mm
9 mo.
7 mO.
6 mo.
7 yr., 9 mo.
8 yr., 8 mo.
4 yr., 9 mo.
7 yr., 9 mo.
7 yr., 9 mo.
8 yr., 6 mo.
8yr.,4mo
.
7 yr., 3 mo. 7 yr., 3 mo.
1.
- Ist
2nd
3rd IEXP-, ~. Time in Water
cycle I Cycle I Cycle ]
..
Expansirm in
Autoclave-~O
-....
.. .
-
- s:
. . . \ ;;$ ~
..
...
2.125
...
. .
..
.
__ .-______._______._
l.?y.
14y.
TABLE 10. Crmtimwi

10 Sla?adard A.WM A uhrclavc Test Cl?lContiNued
ContractionPer
... . I
.325
.323
.312
.404
.284
.183
.221
.186
.200
.186
] .171
.163
.164
toy.
.-
Expansion
(A) Cements Subjected
;!
Nl
N3
706
I-H
24
72
,a
::
N2
80
67
.291
.350
.310
.320
.350
.340
.339
ade
.265
.300
.261
.283
.302
.293
.309
Not
12483
13104
12741
13100
12742
12739
13101
13193
.273
.380
.415
.390
.410
.340
.462
.410
.415
.440
.405
.405
.465
.445
.420
.384
.417
.375
.370
.428
.410
.392
2y.
.224
.344
.381
.361
.377
.315
.426
.370
ly.
.416
.299
I
.424
,307
...
...
(73) Ce,]senls S&jwt&to
.41s
.298
.425
.439
.410
.423
.481
.463
.432
.282
.392
.428
.405
.432
.350
.480
.407
Sy.
.467
.461
.427
.448
.505
.489
.455
.32o
.427
.452
.411
-457
.376
.507
.434
loy.Ily.
.054
,066
.135
.133
Test
.107
..117
Autoclave
.070
.085
.143 -.014
.045
,140
.476
.486
.434
.456
.512
.496
.462
.328
.437
.461
.421
.461
.402
.514
.444
17y.
1
15y.-
:E
.045
.039
.029
.051
.040
.049
.013
.028
.027
.032
.034
.037
.033
.041
.069
.062
.058
.078
.067
.083
.095
.137
.019
.049
.040
.051
.059
.058
.059
.056
.100
.103
.091
.120
.103
.135
.167
.197
.030
.075
.059
.077
.090
.090
.087
.105
.124
.140
.127
.150
.138
.185
.225
.235
.045
.095
.070
.085
.117
.118
.120
.130
90d.
Iy.
2y.
I
NOBMALPORTLANDCEMENTS
28d.
In Water (+)
.178
.184
.170
.199
.180
.244
.296
.289
.066
.133
.102
.123
.157
.1643
.153
.175
Sy.
.218
.213
.203
.233
.217
.300
.354
.338
.079
.151
.125
.140
.195
.180
.188
.203
loy.lly.
ExpansionPer Centfor Storage Condition Indicated
.228
.227
.213
.245
.230
.322
.374
.350
.082
.153
.125
.153
.205
.188
.198
.212
15y.17y-
order of expansion during 72.hr. in autoelave)
alfodiJ&
.030
.042
(Cements of cad) type are listed in ascuding
In Air ()
.418
.316
FOREIGN CEMENTS
..~----
...
...
24h.
.021
.oz6
.020
.029
.028
.034
.050
. ..
12097
12067
12072
12267
12156
12145
12144
12189
.208
.252
.297
.215
.294
.390
.224
.292
.250
.321
.295
.342
.346 .426
.258
.330
.350
.448
.443
.510
.263
.325
.342
.377
.364
.364
.474
.368
.511
.533
.362
.394
.382
.338
.500
.394
.538
.572
.376
.375
.410
.347
. S30
.422
.570
.596
.408
.382
I ..
.432
.580
.605
.417
.023
.014
.036
.030
.030
.053
.038
.051
.038
.039
. 0s2
.050
.048
.086
.062
.076
.054
-073
:076
.093
.091
.149
.110
.137
.072
.094
.096
.121
.121
.196
.139
.178
.091
.132
.119
.162
.161
.252
.189
.240
.120
.180
.136
.203
.206
.309
.241
.300
.126
.186
.136
.216
.219
.323
.257
...
.003
.009
.019
.010
.024
.039
.015
.039
..
Syr., ltlmo.
18yr.,lOmo.
24h.
.185
1.631
...
. ..
.132
.
.159
.000 - ..ofyJ
.0168 .014
.031* .018
.006[ .070
.050*i .119
.057*I .398
.037* .117
.057*I .230
.019
.032
.140
.174
.471
.S65
1.178
.133
.138
.187
.242
.244
2.208
5.250
...
.022
.020
.034
.062
.069
.072
.117
.130
72h.
.014
. OQ
.111
.148
.415
.339
.905
I .O1O .002
16, p. 135, 1936)
.038 I .102
.042, .074
.041 .096
.049*, .150
.044; .101
.074* .206
.101* .436
.049 1.130
.043
.061
..
.093
. ..
...
...
...
48h.
In Autoclave (Max.
Temp. 350F.) for Periods
Indicated
I .099
I .012
.009 .0061 .023

.025* .023
.019
.015* .021
.012
.014
.022
.030
.023
.039
.014
.032
.024
.050
.030
.018
.060
.031
.041* .080
~h
In Steam
at 212F.
...
...
NORMALPORTLANDCEMENTSIN TESTS BY HIGHWAY RESEASWIiBOARDCODSMSTTEE

ONMATERIALSAND CONSTIUJCTION
(Pxoc. HIGHWAY RESEAECFIBOARD, v.
.153
.285
.308
.302
.309
.265
.351
.300
90d.
...
...
.144
.255
.270
.275
.272
.232
.305
.263
28d.
...
.. .
12488
13041
12858
11951
12738
13103
12740
13102
No.
13870
13869
~:: ILot
200
199
,434
,335
.
..
a
01
28d.
90d.
1
.
2Y.
SY.
loy.-
Illy.
15y.
17y.
28d.
90d.
ly.
2Y.
In Water (+)
.343
.338
.372
.310
.490
.380
.318
.505
.300
.242
.243
.268
.229
.350
.264
.225
.352
.218
12001
11991
11973
11990
.309 / .352
.185
.539
.595
.232
.268
.455
.300
.700
.362
.220
.278
.289
.310
.264
.413
.303
.270
.412
.250
. . . I .529
.343
.375
.742
.768
.411
.438
.364
.365
.443
.322
.544
.429
.351
.563
.341
.336
.320
.413
.396
.790
.470
s;:
.382
.380
.464
.323
.574
.454
.364
..594
.354
.362
.307
.460
.443
.352
.306
.450
.418
.312
.330
.382
.382
.290
.310
.340
.352
.368
.368
.360
.326
.518
.415
.336
.542
.323
.378
.386
.358
.374
.386
.368
.379
.350
.349
.376
.335
.356
.334
.32.S
.354
.311
.343
.310
.315
.344
.285
.310
.285
.290
.310
.236
.199
.207
.242
.233
.205
.237
.203
.245
.210
Not made
.238
.210
.250
.217
.261
.226
.295
.258
.040
.058
I
.075
.096
.115 I .155
.085
.100
.097
.087
.110
.W5
.100
.091
.102
.051
.056
.063
.050
.070
.060
.060
.062
.061
.029
.033
.033
.027
.041
.036
.031
.036
.036
.113
.140
.124
.118
.143
.120
.132
.125
.131
.070
.069
.068
.083
.085
.108
.092
.099
.109
.133
.572
.433
.821
.483
.018
.032
.030
.050
.046
.043 I :Wo
.052
.074
.100
.124
..
.057
.082
.138
.146
LOW-IIEAT PORTLANDCEMENTS
.388
.390
.473
.327
.585
.462
.372
.605
.363
.050
.055
.050
.062
.065
.079
.065
.080
.084
.104
.030
.035
.033
.040
.043
.050
.047
.051
.052
.070
.018
.022
.018
.028
.028
.033
.020
.029
.032
.045
T.V.A. TYPE B PORTLAND

CEXENTS
.278
.013
I .227 I .027
.276
.228
I .282
.278
.274
.318
.328
.303 I .302
.238
I
Mlo
12334 .23S
nil 1 I 12187 I .240
43
42
36
41
ly.
In Air ()
5Y.
loy.1ly.
15y.17y.
511.
.184
.278
.180
.198
~~
.154
.188
.161
..160
.179
.16-I
.172
.161
.174
.102
.129
.216
.234
.188
.225
.197
.193
.201
.199
.20.3
.206
,208
.091 .107
,098
.130
.090
.110
.119
.144
.117
.141
.142
.157
.117
.137
.135
.171
.142
.173
.180
.215
.137
.211
.Iot
.130
..
.244 I
.195
.239
.203
.199
.206
.203
.213
.213
.213
.109
.130
.113
.141
.142
.161
.138
.177
.179
.228
.192
.304
.029
.017
.042
.038]
.037
.028
.072
.072
.036
,..
.049
.
.027
.015
..
.022
.012
.031*
..
.029
.039
.037*
...
:fii:[
.040
.034*
...
...
...
.044
.023
.021
...
..
.015
.
.012
.007
.020
. .
.016
.025
.012
..
.006
.017
24h.
I
.006
.008
.130
.190
.134
.134
.143
.144
.154
.165
.175
.177
.893
...
...
.
.
...
..
...
...
.019
.026
.026
.040
.045
.062
.063
.106
.112
.118
:%;
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. .
...
...
...
:!:
.004 .004
.013
.006
.109
.128
.175
.148
.077
.070
.049
.040
.060
.084
.043
.140
.062
.009
.012
.012
.023
.025
.044
.025
.055
.085
.064
:%
48h.
72h.
In Autoclave (Max.
remp. 3soF.) for Periods
Indicated
16,p. 135,1936)
24h.
In Steam
at 212F.
IIIGU-EARLYSTRENGTHPORTLANDCEMENTSIN ~ZSTS BY HIGNWAY RESEARCHBOARD COMMITTEEON MATERIALS ANDCONSTRUCTION

(PROC.v.
Lot No
fg
ExpansionPer Centfor Storage Condition Indicated
TABLE 10.CoNtiNrMd
(B) Cemenis Sttbiected to a Modijied Adoclave Test<ontiwed
(Cements of each type are listed in ascending order of expansion during 72-hr. in autoclave)
..
13118 .282
.259
13119
13040
.280
.203
12695
77
78
.380
.35s
.387
.288
. 164)
.341
.339
.302
.069
.182
.155
.180
. 1s6
.35s
.367
.340
.441
.287
.330
.605
. 6t7
.467
.490
.360
.403
.382
.413
.424
.4S6
.313
.40s
.400
.432
.310
.454
.454
.488
.349
...
.is7
.189
.352
.449
.448
.456
.519
.361
.401
.708
.759
.540
.S62
...
...
.341
Broken
.
.1S8
.183
.425
.420
.404
.492
.336
.374
.683
.734
.515
.536
...
.428 [ .022
.440
.018
.596
.011
.406
.028
.448
.03.5
.032
.021
.020
.037
.050
.052
.031
.049
.044
.076
.4s9
.464
.499
Broken
.415
. ..
.iil
.191
.356
.456
.459
.468
.530
.374
.410
.721
.772
.555
.574
...
.050
.041
.055
.062
.0s7
,065
.077
.077
.080
.06i
.080
.072
.060
.069
.106
.090
.107
.127
.125
.130
.118
.127
.059
.070
.017
.082
.103
.020
.050
.0s1
.027
.050
.068
.074
.040
.084
.080
.105
.053
.130
FOREIGN CEMKNTS
.003
Broken
.041
.042
h~ISCELLANEOUS CEMENTS
.045 I .065 I .098

.302 .367
.225
.133
.414
.225
.485
.140
.268
.417
.230
.120
.117
.260
.535
NATUSSALCEMENTS
.037
.024
.039
.045
.030
.040
.050
.052
.052
.039
.046
.118
.116
.123
.180
. 1.s5
.204
.217
.213
.226
.215
.216
.090
.122
.075
.166
.105
.120
.024
.113
.146
.102
.241
.127
.153
.047
.121
.408 I :;:
.683
.524
.840
.635
.554 I .742
.79s ] 1.087
.090
.085
.083
.140
.117
.150
.17s
.167
.171
.155
.167
.086
.136
.086
.136
.118
.190
.118
.307
.134
.180
.083
.785
.953
.864
Brokenl
.142
.131
. 14s
.203
.180
.237
.120
...
.121
.326
.144
.184
.077
.800
.989
.899
.144
.133
.145
.212
.186
.248
.262
.252
.270
.268
.260
.154
.099
.149
.102
CEMENTS
.101
.068
.045
.071
Broken
.056
.075
.086
.114
NEW YOBK STATE EXPERIAIENTALHIGHWAY PORTLAND
.420
.434
.590
.399
.442
.170
Broken
.370
.318
,088
.184
.155
.184
Broke]
.400
.400
.378
.470
.302
.360
.655
.710
.508
.51s
.381
.350
.390
.399
.383
.418
.417
.485
.532
.539
.298
,33s
.379
.36s
.403
.417
...-
_____
POETLAND-POZZOLANCEUENTS
*Values based on tests of specimens given 1 cycle at24hr. over boiling water at212F. instead of the usual 2 cycles.
a Laboratory mixture consisting of equal parts of Lots 12479, 12480, 12481,and 12482.
bLaboratoW mi~ture~O~isting Of equal parts of LOts 13491, 13492, 13493,and 13494.
Laboratory mixture consisting of equal parts of Lots 12738, 12739, 12740,and 12741.
.310
.284
.321
.237
.130
.354
.241
Broken
.140
.335
.288
.142
12796
13043
13201
13034
45
.
I
.318
.2S9
.307
.264
.377
.28s
68
88
64
83
54
86
46
69
55
.298
,305
;39:
.272 / .281
.072
tM9
.182
.174
.152
.152
.170
.172
.149
.152
I
I
.22s
.260
.220
.321
.196
.229
.50s
.558
.370
.382
.277
12804
13027
12749
13048
13389
13031
13014
13039
13033
13026
13338
13098
12992
12798
13145
12991
13196
.268
.352
.210
.2ss
z
_
13128 1 .277
12993
11950
13185
12468
81
58
39
.043
.028
.032
.036
.008
.010
.074
...
.045
.215
.087
.118
.072
.112
.017
.008
.022
.030
..
.027
.042
.038
.040
...
..
.057*
.033
.018*
.083 ,
.015
...
.119*
.028
.08s
.502 I
.417
.528*
.460
.693*
.026 \
.*2*
.033
.045
.037
.050*I
.061
.062
.062
.053
.060
.022
...
,..
...
...
...
. ..
...
...
...
. ..
...
...
.055
...
.094
-.
.010
.020
.024
,08S
.087
.359
.380
.438
.s12
.669
.916
.002
.034
.058
.129
.131
.034
.034
.084
.314
.021
.031
.264
...
...
. ..
...
4.050
.011
...
...
...
.029
.034
.160
3.740
.015
.017
.161
.337
.164
I:tii
:::
I 1.085
2.650 3.300
2.770
2.902
...
2.763
4.530
...
4.609
6.443
...
7.042
.105
.152
.180
.140
...
..
...
.015
.017
.022
.066,
.004
.008 -.005
.016
.013* .023
.024 -.019
.0ss
.004
.012* .059
.054
.07s
.086
68
H. F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T, M. WHITESIDE
expansions in water increased the autoclave expansions likewise increased, It

should be noted, however, that for average expansions in water between 0.2 and
0.26 per cent which are not to be regarded
as abnormal, there were many cements
which had autoclave expansions in excess
of 0.5 per cent, and there were several
which had autoclave expansions in excess
of 1 per cent (between 1 and 3 per cent).
Tests of Miscellaneous Commercial Cemen&---Series 263, Table 10 gives the
results of autoclave and length change
tests of different kinds and types of commercial cements which were received and
tested from time to time during the period 1934 to 1941 inclusive. The cements
in this table are divided into two major
groups designated as( A and B, (Oxide analyses and calculated
potential
compound
compositions
for these cements are listed in Table V of the Appendix). The cements in Group A were subjected to the 5-hour autoclave test (3 hr.
at max. temp. of 420 F.). The cements
in Group B were subjected to an autoclave test which consisted in exposing
the neat cement bars to high pressure
steam at a maximum temperature
of
350F. for periods of 24, 48 or 72 hr,
(14-, 38-, or 62-hr. at the maximum temperature). In this table the cements of a
given kind or type are listed in ascending
order of their 5-hr. or 72-hr. autoclave
expansion. Some of the TVA Type B
portland cements were tested by both
methods.
The chief value of the data in Table
10 is that they provide considerable information on the autoclave expansions
of a variety of commercial cements when
tested by two methods of test, as well as
on the corresponding length changes of
neat cement specimens during storage
in water and in air for periods up to 17
years. Table 1O(A) also gives expansions
of neat cement bars during storage in
water after they had been subjected to
the autoclave test. In most cases auto-
clave
cent
expansions
except
cements
clave
In
in
the
which
the
during
storage
increased
pansion
bars
each
of
in
both
all
per
natural
auto-
or
cent,
type
of
the
neat
bars
were
low
and
in autoclave
methods
from
the
bf 1 per
of
water
increase
one
showed
kind
expansions
with
for
case
than
in excess
for
cement
less
generally
expansions
general,
cement
were
of
but
test.
one
natural
cements
showed
high
during
15 years
storage
in water.
exNeat
of
the
expansions
Tests of Alaiural Cements and Blends of

Cement-Series
Portland with Natural
263, Results of tests made with two natural cements, two portland cements, and
blends of portland with natural cement
are given in Table 11, and are plotted in
Fig, 27$ One of the natural cements (Lot
12992) expanded 1.02 per cent during
72 hours in the autoclave and the other
(Lot 12991) expanded 4.3 per cent and
5.07 per cent in tests made at different
times. Portland cement, Lot 12805, expanded 0.015 per cent and Lot 12742
expanded 0.244 per cent. The autoclave
expansions of the blends of portland with
natural were always higher than that of
the portland cement alone and varied in
magnitude depending on the expansions
of the individual cements in the blend
and the amounts of each used in the
blend. The expansions of the neat bars
during storage in water parallel the autoclave expansions of the individual cements and their blends as is strikingly
shown by the curves in Fig. 27. It will
be seen from this figure that the expansions in the autoclave and in water do not
increase in direct proportion
to the
amount of natural cement in the blend
but in accordance with a curvilinear relationship. The expansions of the neat
cement bars made with the natural cements alone during 17 years storage in
water were high. The two natural cements contained 20.3 and 21.5 per cent
MgO and 1.54 and 0.74 per cent free
CaO, respectively. These particular nat-
.. .
.
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
ural cements when used in concrete pavements were generally blended with port-
CHARACTERISTICS
69
cement or 5 sacks of portland cement

with 188 lb. of natural cement. The auto.
5
Portland Cement
( Lot 12742)
Portland Cement
( Lot 12742)
Natural Cement
(Lot 12991)
fN,atural Cement
( Lot IZ991 )
Natural Cement
[Lot 12992 )
I
3
0
1.0
l!
0.9
c
al
E
I
b
F
3
.-c
~,i$
II!
<
/
0.s
I
0.4
{
m
g
.-j
Ii
,,
>/__ / ~
,}~
0 ~
i
I
0.2
0.1
Natural -00
Portland- 100
25
75
50
50
75
25
Cement
i
0.3
a
.5
In
5
~
U
..
l::
.0.5
9
~
.j ___ ~--
,
,
1
Fig.
27.
1(
0
o
l(l)
Content
25
50
75
100
75
50
25
100
25
75
50
50
75
25
Ico
0
of Blend per cent by weight
Linear expansions for blends of portland and natural cements.
land cement in the proportion of 6 sacks

of portland cement with 94 lb. ofnatural
clave expansions (72 hr. in autoclave,

maximum temperature 350F.) and the
:;
Sy.
lly.
28d.
90d.
ly.
2y.
.040 .067 .103 .138

.051 .089 .135 .180
.062 .110 .176 .230
.
..
...120 .231 .430 .590
.512
.51s
.51:
.237
.229 .243
.
I
lly.
17y.
5h.
24h.
In Steam
at 212F.
24h.
.217 .230
.264 .281
.339 .362
.
..
.919 1.050=
.028
.035
.046
.090
.072
.044 I .1(J1 .185

.078 .158 .234
.111 .244 .309
.209 . .
.557
.460 4.778 6.046
.230
.311
..
6 Days
.244
.284
.363
.625
5.073
.015
.024
.034
.054
.150
.015
.018
.024
.032
.028
.135
.196
.281
.469
.737
.135
.195
.278
.527
5.994
.150
.220
.315
.523
.887
.150
.213
.302
.559
6.622
.039
.060
.092
.145
.262
.039
.050
.065
.089
.126
.
.099
.152
.212
.379
.396
.099
.146
.215
.441
6.650
..
.138
.212
.304
.S24
.658
.138
.196
.280
.530
6.776
Water utO~lave Total
27 days
Expansion during 72 hr. in Autoclave

after Permd in Water Indicated-%
72h. Water AutoClave Total
.028 .044 .101 .185 I .244

.049 .089 .172 .239 .270
..
.070
.250 .330 .328
.260
.501 .535
.456 1.o18 1.040 1.015I
.473* .S30G ::;:
:2s9 .323 .372 .407 \ .452
.
.040 .067 .103 .138 .180 .217

.064 .103 .154 .204 .252 .288
..
...
...
..
.
-..
ANDNATURALCEMENTB (LOT 12992)
.180
.228
.290
...793
48h.
In Autoclave
ANDNATURALCEMENTA-2 (LOT 12991)
Sy.
PORTLANDCEMENT H (LOT 12742)
.512
.480
.480
.
...
PORTLAND CEMENT H (LOT 12742)
17y.
In Water (+)
Expansion in Per Cent During Storage Indicated
.481 .505
.481 .515
.468 .513
.428 .481 .505

.390 .454 .481
.402 .448 .480
...
...
...
.
.
.302 .350 .428

100
87% l;% .327.360 .420
75
25 .35C.373 .412
50
.208.202
.200
o
Iw
... ..
.
.302.350
.293.327
.318.350
... ...
... ...
28d.9od. ly.
In Air ()
N1
N1o
Nll
N12
N7
Natural
N9
N13
N6
Portland
100
87X 1!%
75
25
50
50
0
100
g:.
Cement
V. by Wt.
TABLE 11.TESTS OF BLENDS OF PORTLAND AND NATURAL CEMENTSSERIES 263

Each value represents a test on one 1 by 1 by 10-in. bar Of neat cement mixed to normal consistency. Bars cured 20 to 24 hr. in mold in moist closet at 70 to 75F. and 1oo$%relative
humidity. Upon removal from molds, bars were placed m water at 70F. for 1 hr., surface dried and measured for length and weight, and then treated as indicated.
(A) Specimens in air were stored in a room the temperature of which was 80 * SF., and R. H. 30 to 407..
(B) Specimens in water were stored in a tank in a moist room at a temperature of 70to 75F.
(C) Spe@memsteamedat 212F.wem @CCd over boihw water for 5 Or24hr. as indicated.
(D) Specimensautoclave were treatedas follows:
(1) Cured 1 day in molds, then
(a) In autoclave 24hr. (5 hr. rise to 350F., 14 hr. at 350F., and 5 hr. cooling).
(b) In autoclave 48 hr. (5 hr. r?se to 350F., 38 hr. at 350F., and 5 hr. cooling).
(c) In autoclave 72 hr. (5 hr. rise to 350F., 62 hr. at 350F., and 5 hr. cooling).
(2) Cnred 1 day@ molds, 6 days in water, then 72 hr. in autoclave.
(3) Cured 1 day m molds, 27 days in water, then 72 hr. in autoclave.
One specimen from each cement tested for each autoclave eriod which included a 5-hr. heating period to 3500F., and a 5-hr. cooling period to 212F.
All specimens steamed at 212F. or autoclave at 350F. were coole$from 212F. to 70F. in water. After 24 hr. in water specimens were surface-dried and measured for length and
weight.
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with ASTM C189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test).
(A) Length Ckanges of 1 by 1 by 11%-in. Neat Cement Bars
-3
3.6
2.0
23.0
I 20.8
2.6
3.8
21.1
23.6
..
... .
12991
12992
54
5.5
12742
12805
...
Broken
,,
6.0
5.3
5.1
6.0
AIsO:
1.6
2.9
Mgo
33.0 I 20.3
33.6 I 21.5
62.6
KsO
:3s
..ss
.28
.,9
1.62
2.04
NATURAL CEMENTS
1.7
1.6
;:;
Na,O
PORTLAND CEMENTS
S03
.,.
1.54
0.74
1.10
0.24
Free
CaO
14.6
13.2
.11
.13
Ins.
Res.
.,.
9.1
1.0
1.0
Ign.
Loss
.
...
...
...
...
I 11.4
.!.
...
...
...
...
of Cenlents Used in Blend
-._
Oxide Analysis%
(B) Cheotical Analyses
63.8
T::;l
value
.. __
PORTLAND CEMENT(LOT 12805) ANDNATURALCEMENTA-2 (LoT 12991)
a Extrapolated
.211
Fesoz
.199
_____
SiOz
I Lot No. I
t 6-y~ar value
..
:;1
Ref. No.
7-year value
.,.
...
...
...
...
. ..
,,.
...
...
...
...
. . ..
...
...
...
.,.
...
...
...
,..
.,.
...
...
::
Cas
...
. ..
23
44
C2S
...
...
12
7
C3A
...
...
8
12
CbAF
...
. ..
2.9
2.9
CSS04
Cmnpute41Fotentiz* Cosnpourkdbnposition-%
.
. . . .015
.103
...
...
.217
.469
...
...
.868
. . . 1.291
4.268
...
- . . . ~.
.060
.026
.101
.198
.076
.054
.106
.081
.143
.030
.292
.024
.100 .144
.064 .064
.175 .171
.315 .412
.300 .218 ,199 ,211 .201

.220 .172 . 152* ,160 .150
,594 .791
.063 .081
.149 .139 .150

.724 .805 .563
.179 .182 .138 .119 .181

.142 .151 . 123* .103 .124
,172 .225
,070 .060
.158 .147 .119

.116 .098 .073
.169
.064
.997
.073
.242 .179
.085 .073
.299 ~ .092
.113I .096
.049
.063
.032
.036
.049
...
.092
.061
.079
.033
13376
13377
13367
13368
13347
13348
13358
13357
13364
13363
.130
.070
.378 .403
.148 .133
-.
.940
.071
13349
13350
.290 ,294 .140

3.637
2.257
.114* ,118 .100
.066
.052
.
* Specimen broken in mold, was mended and then tested.
t Extrapolated value.
.139
.035
.130
.104
.061
.049
.110
.153
.052
.024
.065
.032
.021
.Ooo
28d.
28d.
.008
.006
.070 .106
.041[ .077
.052 .075
.022 .049
.050 .077
.041 .069
.027~ .051
.016 .040
.021 .037
.021, .040
.046 .065
.027 .049
.032 .055
.046, .084
.020 .036
.015 .030
.033: .052
.026 .046
.125
.091
.084
.063
.091
.080
.063
.052
.046
.051
.072
.059
.067
.098
.048
.040
.063
.058
.037
.025
90d.
.189
.198
.142
.144
loy.
.180 .229 .282 .334

.145 ,186 .229 .271
.130 .169 .211 .261

.109 .132 .174 .230
.130 .169 .206 .246

.122 .167 .204 .260
.100 .135 .168 .213

.095 .128 .163 .203
.080 .108 .137 .172

.092 .123 .1.58 .215
.112 .151 .188 .226

.110 .156 .203 .268
.100 .129 .160 .199

.150 .183 .226 .275
.075 .113 .147 .181

.080 .108 .145 .184
.090 .118 .148

.095 .127 .160
2y.
ly.
4y.
.
.060 .081 .109
.055 .082 .110
Expansion in Water at 70-7sF. (+)
60d.
. ...
.012 .030
-.002, .018
.244
.024
.156
.031
.112
.086
.055
.042
.106
.166
.063
.024
.066
.042
.010
.ol8
.004
.ol8
7d.
.274
.022
13362
13361
.048
.059
.038
.028
13365
13366
.062
.042
.037
.043
13356
13355
.106 .108
.044 .273
.023
.019
13346
13345
.003
-.010
3d.
.135 .144 .115

.160 .095 .064
ld.
.021
-.009
28d.
.042 .052
.026 .029
7d.
s hr. (3 hr. at Jfax.

at 4201;)
.070 .053 .048

.057 .046 .031
3d.
.054 .036
.052 .032
Id.
72 hr. (62 hr. at Max.

Temp. of 35OF)
.029 .043
.023 .018
24h.
212
Id.
In Autoclave (+)
.029
.024
N~+-
Cement
.264
.405
.277
.289
.247
.274
.323
.244
.282
.256
.238
.227
.235
.250
.267
.224
28d.
.344
.278
,210
266
.269
279
.2501 ,301
.251
.268
.223
.212
.176
.219
.232
.281
.204
.286
.18S
.192
.190
.205
.148
.147
15y.
.240
.307
.290
.339
.285
.440
.316
.320
.263
.303
.342
.277
.298
.298
.256
.246
.269
.298
.294
.268
60d.
ly.
.240 .270
.320 .342
.293 .350
.345 .386
.289 .340
.452 .490
.320 .370
.330 .340
.267 .330
.305 .330
.349 .430
.275 .285
.306 .380
.305 .340
.260 .320
.245 .270
.275 .325
.308 .335
.299 .364
.272 .300
9od.
.258
.290
.356
.346
.341
.425
.352
.301
.336
.291
.438
.238
.392
.290
.312
.237
.332
.287
.363
.254
2y.
.249
.268
.373
.334
.351
.433
.386
.293
.354
.273
.459
.214
.419
.266
.320
.216
.341
.273
.378
.238
4y.
.252
.286
:394
.352
.37s
.451
.426
.320
.380
.284
.487
.225
.457
.272
.334
.213
.364
.298
.407
.261
Ioy.
.262
.302
.400
.364
...
.467
.437
.336
.387
...
.497
.236
...
.277
.339
.219
.375
.312
Dis.
.272
1Sy.
Contraction iu Air at 70-80F. and 50% R.H. ()
Length Change of 1 x 1 x 11~-in. Neat Cement Bars for Storage Condition Indicated+O
TABLE 12.TESTS OF NORMAL AND IHGII EARI.Y STRENGTH cEkIENTs FRohI 10 pLANTSSERLES 263
The first cemm t Of each pair is the normal portland, and the second the high early strength cement from the same plant.
Cements arranged in ascending Order of 5-hr. autoclave expansion of the normal portland cements at 1 day.
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with ASTM C-189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test).
(A) Le%gth Changes oj I x 1 x 11~-in. Ned Cement Bars
Not
CeL~tnt
... .. . . . . ,,-
6.16
s .90
6.51
6.04
2.23
2.19
3.31
3.20
20.84
20.43
19.90
19.47
13364
13363
13349
13350
0.18
0.23
2.09
2.13
1.89
2.27
2.74
2.78
63.75
63.92
29
10
21
6
45
65
48
63
26
22
20
13
16
10
E
46
48
53
61
54
60
2.03
2.07
0.69
1.28
0.81
1.39
1.09
1.32
18
8
55
63
16
8
19
0
12
11
13
12
9
11
12
11
10
10
8
13
;:
12
.108
.273
2.7
3.8
::;
::;
10
10
3.0
4.0
:::
3.0
3.7
3.2
4.2
5.140
.100
.791
.081
.225
.060
.201
.150
.181
.124
.171
.412
. 1!4
.064
.052
.029
3.0
4.1
:::
.043
.018
In Auto:lave (3 hr.
120F.) Id.
Expansion
1.0
4.2
CaS04
11
10
8
8
11
9
7
7
6
6
10
7
10
11
25
13
57
73
::
CSA
23
12
Czs
0.93
1.38
1.63
1.75
0.99
1.38
0.72
1.38
1.23
1.25
51
59
(x
..
Computed Potential Compound

Composition
70
.344
.278
.
.269
.250$
.251
.268
.223
.212
.176
.219
.232
.281
.204
.286
.188
.192
.190
.205
.148
.147
[n Water at
15 yr.
Ca(OH)t is included when free ~ Omethod isa plied to portland cement. Eitber Ca(OH)20r CaOorboth maytherefore represent.
t The first cement of each pair is e normal port and cement, and tbe second the high-early strength portland cement from tbe same plant.
$ Extrapolated value.
0.16
0.16
1.53
1.45
1.71
2.19
3.30
2.37
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.28
0.08
0.09
1.60
1.06
1.70
2.04
0.85
1.51
64.07
65.15
1.79
2.34
2.47
2.27
63.09
63.13
5.94
6.25
3.74
3.33
21.10
20.38
13358
13357
1.76
2.35
1.82
1.85
63.98
64.66
6.13
5.84
2.70
2.61
20.49
19.63
13347
13348
1.782.20
0.11
0.06
1.27
1.45
2.8F
2.8.
6.09
5.80
3.57
3.12
20.09
19.5.s
13367
13368
0.11
0.12
0.83
2.13
1.72
2.36
63.70
64.26
6.99
6.55
2.32
2.35
20.04
18.73
13376
13377
0.11
0.12
0.58
2.38
1.58
2.22
1.88
2.47
2.92
2.85
63.73
65.24
5.70
5.29
2.09
1.91
22.10
20.48
13362
13361
0.16
0.19
1.31
1.84
1.76
2.41
Ign.
Ins.
Res.
Loss
_. _
0.13
0.91
0.11
1.14
0.67
0.95
3.16
3.36.
3.07
0.87
64.39
67.09
4.89
6.57
3.19
2.20
21.45
19.26
13365
13366
Free
CaO*
1.72
2.49
63.03
63.85
1.59
1.56
64.64
65.23
5.49
5.78
2.48
2.60
21.98
20.44
1..54
1.54
Mgo so,
13356
13355
63.86
64.12
T&t&f
5.66
6.00
AIzOJ
21.11
19.5s
Fe208
13346
13345
Sloz
Oxide Analysis -70
-
4.25
4.30
- - -
,. ---
---
All m]alyscs were made on the finished cement. Each value is the average of z to 4 detem-in~tions.
Analysesfor major constituentsmadeby usual Portland Cement Association methods which conform closely to ASTM Standard Methods.
Wee CaO determined by method of Bogrte and Lerch.*
In computing the CA and Csf3compounds allowance w-asnot made for free CaO and ir )luble residue.
.~
6520
6430
5400
6900
5020
7090
6040
6030
5230
6150
S450
8350
4940
6920
6020
8390
5640
7290
5510
6850
Id.
8180
8480
11450
9540
9130
7810
8290
8110
10520
10380
11000
11420
9620
9490
10UO
10940
;?0
10530
10690
3d.
9860
9170
8940
10070
11030
9530
9+60
8880
11380
8870
11620
11330
11160
11270
12540
11580
13580
10790
11950
10450
14870
11610
14310
12780
14230
S49W
14390
13580
12780
11220
11+70
11910
11650
13150
13670
15510
28d.
9760
10450
11920
11920
7d.
Compressive Strength of 2-in.

Neat Cement Cubes lb. per
sq. in.
2730
Av.
15403t
27.8
28.0
25.0
29.0
28.5
28.5
1.98
8:::
0.72
;:8
0.73
1.89
2.89
0.37
2.70
2.62
1.86
3.22
3.06
2.56
2.13
3.29
3.57
3.42
. l-l---
3.22
2.49
3.17
4.80
MgO
plus Iiree
CaO
0.29
0.40
0.25
0.53
0.49
0.67
0.65
0.68
0.27
0.37
2.39
2.52
23.9
23.0
2.93
1995
!_
2.27
1.73
3.04
3.04
24.5
24.5
2.57
1.81
2.90
4.43
23.0
25.0
23.5
24.0
25.0
25..S
24.0
24.0
2205
1865
1875
2040
1710
2690
2970
2440
2825
1680
1745
1780
1640
Specific SurNormal
face, sq. cm. Consi~tency
per g.
1.5400
15402
15401
15399
ls$o%t
15485
155.59
15604
15482
Av.
15398t
15395
15397
15394
15396
Cement No.
:-;:?;C!
%
Autockye
.014
.020
.010
.010
.012
.007
.010
.012
0.04
0.04
::;
0.02
0.00
.008
.010
.010
.005
.004
.021
TYPE 111 CEMENTS
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.04
0-05
.031
.027
.038
.026
.008
.051
.027
.027
.023
.029
.029
.026
.042
.074
.066
.083
.072
.041
.102
.058
.055
.051
.056
.062
.063
.080
.084
.080
.064
.080
.098
.038
.038
,030
.041
.042
..---
.014
.007
.018
.016
TYPE 11 CEMENTS
0.25
0.17
0.07
0.08
0.16
0.68
,y.
]
-.
5;.
.094
.084
.099
.091
.061
.126
.073
.071
.062
.065
.082
.082
.148
.137
...
.219*
. 186*
.221*
.215*
. 154*
.286*
.158
.145
.115
.108
.158
.151
.088
.196
.142
.184
.146
.161
.201
.216
.180
.196
.272
.157
.104
.100
.129
.126
.149
.099
.110
.076
.101
.157
.137
.225
. - -
.160
.10.3
.160
.105
.291
.265
.321
.348
.284
.416
.262
,235
.239
.31.5
.228
.266
.321
.343
.342
.315
-, .
.320
.314
Broken
.351
.289
Broken
.268
.238
.239
.346
.230
.257
.328
.349
.276
.342
.417
.277
5;-
_ ..._.._..._.=-..
=...==~
-- ---..:.
.335
.306
.316
.338
.273
.412
.250
.234
.220
.205
.279
.296
.226
.362
.223
.295
.226
.256
.310
.335
.272
.325
.406
.281
(>ln. / - IY:l
.259
.310
.393
.278
.197
.255
.200
.227
.272
.298
.233
.273
.355
.2.36
] 28(,.
7,
(m,.
;i -[ 28,,.--1
..
() for Storage Period Indicated-%

Id. in Molds, then in Air at 75F. and
50% Relative Humidity ()
Expansion (+) or Contraction
Id. in Molds, then in Water at 70F. (+)
TYPE I CEMENTS
TABLE 13.RESULTS OF TESTS OF FIVE TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENTSERIES 308

Types 1 and 3 cements were obtained from dealers in Chicago. The other types of cement were obtain~d directly from the producers since they were not carried in stock by dealers.
All Type 2 cements were obtained from producers in the middle west. Types 4 and s cements were obtained from producers at considerable distance since no plants in tbe vicinity
of Chicago could fnrnish samples of these types.
Neat Cemetif Bms
(A) Length Clzanges oj I by 1 by ll?~-k
Each value represents tests of a single s cimen.
All s~ccimcns made in accordance with r STM Smcitication C 151-40 T.
Is
-3
1.72
1.14
1.48
3.14
1.87
25.0
22.0
22.0
23.0
23.o
23.5
1965
1.79
23.5
23.5
1880
1965
1875
1960
2060
1.70
1.18
3.33
0.96
24.s
23.5
23.5
22.5
1790
1770
1900
2050
0.46
0.22
0.41
0.27
0.94
0.15
0.11
0.08
0.19
0.23
2.33
1.94
1.55
1.75
4.08
.023
.015
.034
.014
.018
.025
0.01
0.01
o .03
o .02
0.02
0.11
.020
.018
.024
.013
.015
.026
V CEMENTS
0.02
0.01
1.94
TYPE
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.06
1.81
1.26
3.52
1.19
.066
.045
.047
.089
.062
.058
.034
.031
.085
.047
.073
.063
.067
.053
.040
.023
.026
.045
.038
.029
.056
.025
.033
.038
Specimen slightly cracked near metal gage point. Thfs is not ~nusual for this type of specimen stored in air.
t A mixture of equal parts by weight of the 4 cements of a gwen type.
f5560
1.5591
15614
15558
ls$xt
15624
15561
15571
15590
TYPE IV CEMENTS
.150
.149
.099
.098
.155
.125
.071
.069
.152
.158
.151
.139
.10s
.088
.210
.111
.117
.181
.097
.068
.086
.144
.126
.070
.130
.093
.073
.049
.057
.106
.077
.063
.095
.053
.088
.072
.197
.197
.198
:201
.198
.190
.203
.164
.263
,151
.160
.238
.230
.224
.238
.247
.223
.211
,333
.174
.178
.291
.244
.187
.264
.248
.237
.226
.291
.221
.299
.314
.240
.205
.428
.192
.182
.362
.240
.270
.224
.212
.259
.190
.365
.180
.182
.310
+3
c-n
1-2.86-4.79/ 37)4
1-3.71-5.55 40
l-4.87+5.57i 42%
12.40-4.00 37$4
1-3.51-5.26 40
1-4.67-6.31 42?~
15605
15403
1-2.73-4.54 37%
1-3.66-5.47 40
1-4.84+5.52 42s
15615
_.
12.69-4.46 37%
1-3.66-5.47140
1-4.87-6.57[ 42%
15625
1-2.56-4.261 37%
13.495.24: 40
l-4.61 -6.24i 42%
15398
Mix by
Weight
1:::
6.6
6.6
8.5
10.9
5.5
7.0
9.0
5.5
7.0
9.0
5.5
7.0
9.0
;::
1:::
6.5
8.4
10.8
.5..5
5..5
7.0
9.0
6.7
6.6
8.4
10.8
8.7
:::
;::
8.7
6.9
5.5
9.7
7.3
5.9
8.1
6.9
5.6
::;
9.2
2.5
;:;
2.1
4.5
4.8
4.9
::!
2.8
4.5
5.6
5.5
28.7
31.1
33.1
28.7
31.1
33.2
28.0
30.8
33.0
28.7
31.0
33.0
28.2
30.6
32.7
47.2
45.9
44.2
46.9
46.0
44.3
46.0
45.5
44.1
47.2
45.9
44.1
46,3
45.3
43.7
1.8
2.1
2.4
151.4
150.2
148.6
H
2.7
152.5
150.8
148.9
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.7
152.4
151.4
149.7
CEMENTS
152.0
1s0.9
149.6
13.8
14.2
14.8
;::
1.6
152.5
151.3
149.4
TYPE V CEMIINTS
14.0
14.3
14.7
TYPE IV
15.3
14.7
15.2
TYPE III CEUENTS
13.8
14.0
14.6
.
TYPE 11 CEMENTS
14.5
14.7
15.3
TYPE I CEMENTS
Unit
Weight
lbb ~tr
. .
4.94
4.00
3.22
:::
3.21
5.45
4.12
3.32
4.94
3.94
3.19
5.18
4.12
3.27
Cement
Cont.
sk. per
CU. yd.
() During Storage Indicated~O
.004
.003
.005
.008
.007
.008
.013
.011
.012
.026
.019
.028
.026
.024
.022
.048
.044
.036
.058
.055
.047
.059
.057
.047
.060
.060
.050
.045
.048
.049
.054 .054 .053

.057 .057 .058
.056 _.:y _::l_
._.
..
.001 .002 .006 .011 .019 .017 i .032 .040 .041 .045
-002 -004 .006 .012 .020 .016 .030 .041 .@lo .047
.002 .003 .005 ] .012 .020 , .015 .031 .036 .037 .039
.020 .020 .03.3 .040 .041 .048

.018 .018 .034 .011 .042 .048
.017 .018 .030 .036 X337 .036
_.
.
__
-. .-
.007 .010 .019 .031

.006 .009 .018 .031
.00, ..007 I .017 ..030
--.
.002 .003 .007 .009

.003 .00.? .005 .008
.003 .002 .004 .009
.
.002 .005
.002 .004
.00, ~ .003
.003 .002 .007 .009 .017

:8?
:E ! :$:
.003 .003 .007 .009 .016 I :!f! I gi
.002 .001 .005 .008 .016 .018 :034 .040 .041 i .042
.003
.004
.004
14d. I 28d. I 3m. [ lY. I 5y.
7d. I 28d. ] 6m. I IY. I sy.
6 Days Moist then in Nk at 75%

}and 50% Relative Humidity (-)
Moist Entire T,me (+)
1 Day in Molds under Damp Burlap, then
Expansion (+) or Contraction
TABLE 13.-Conlinued
(B) Composition OJConcrete Mixes and Letcgth Changes of 3 by 3 by 11~-in. Goncrelc Bars
Cements: A mixture of 4 brands M ind~c~ted in (A) above.
Aggregate: Sand and gravel (maximum sise Ifi in.) used in air dry condition.
W/C Ratios: Nominal, based on total water added to batch; net is nominal less 3-hr. absorption of aggregate. Nominal W/C less absorption at 10 min. used for calculating mix composition which was determined by means of density tests of fresh concrete usin~ a 4-in. by 8-in. diameter by 12-in. yield cone.
A.
4.43
4.42
5.37
4.61
S.95
.CmupmiL ions O-I Ce,nc,sts
I 4.05
--
--
2.81
2.39
0.81
1.89
0.18 I
0.05
0.09
0.17
0.26
0.50
0.06
0.20
0.27 I
0.23
0.23
0.27
__
Tr.
0.19
0.05
0.07
FeO
2.39
2.38
2.35
2.21
0.90
1.79
1.01
1.07
0.39
0.16
0.08
0.31
0.29
0.22
0.28
0.23
0.57
0.16
0.68
0.52
0.18
0.05
0.13
0.17
Tr.
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.i34
_
Iozl[owl
0.26
0.46
0.08
0.24
:::i I ::;;
0.27 Tr.
0.27 0.05
TYPE III CEMENTS
[0.4010.121
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.22
CEMENTS
0.48 0.14 \ 0.28

0.23 0.03
0.27
0.49 I 0.14
0.23
0.41 I 0.17
0.56
TYPE H
1.19
0,96
0.83
0.59
1.58,0.89,
1.60
1.78
1.35
1.59
o.W
0.13
0.09
0.04
0.10
0.33 0.08
0.35 0.15
0.14 0.46
0.28 /0.06
0.09
0.08
0.03
0.12
0.00
Tr.
0.04
0.00
0.14
0.19
0.10
0.14
Tr.
0.00
Tr.
0.00
10.16 I Tr.
0.19
0.17
0.05
0.11 f
TYPE V CEMENTS
0.21
0.10
0.17
0.04
____
0.40 i 0.13 I
0.44
0.19
0.69
0.26
TYPE IV CEMENTS
0.21] 0.28/ 0.19 I 0.08 ] 0.14, Tr.
0.43
0.08
0.21
0.10
0.09
0.12
0.74
0.06
0.85 I ~
I
0.66
1.10
0.88
0.74
[ 2.33 I 1.19 [ o.24 I 0.48 / 0.13 I 0.26 10.24 i 0.08 I
3.14
1.72
1.14
1.48
___
64.07,1.87 I
62.09
63.87
65.17
65.13
Ti02
TYPE I CEMESITS
K& ! IWK 1 Mn@~
..
0.96 0.42 0.74
1.11 0.17 0.18
0.78 0.24 1.03
2.26 i 0.31 0.51
c
Ign. ~a20
LOSS
*
Mirror Components-y.
Association
Compound
k+.+t??-~..
and Calrzdaled
0.20
0.13
0.14
0.17
Insoluble
Residue
0.17
o. 1.s
0.09
0.39
0.04
0.19
0.09
0.23
0.38
0.04
0.18
0.16
0.22
0.17
0.16
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.14
3.7
3.9
6.9
6.2
14.6
14.1
13.1
10.8
24.7
16.0
14.5
19.2
42.8 4.5
5.3
46.2
5.9
49.7
2.1
57.2
10.5 I
1:::
12.0
10.8
51.3 I
38.5
38.8
42.6
.
,38.1 I 42.8 /
27.3
40.2
43.3
41.5
:::
8.5
7.2
16.8
10.6
16.0
5.9
9.5
1::!
9.2
8.4
:::
2.8
3.4
4.0
0.41
0.67
1.05
0.73
1.18
3.33
0.96
1.70
0.94 I
0.22
0.41
0.27
_.
0.46,
0.08
0.19
0.23
0.11
I 1.98 [ 0.72 I
2.81
2.39
0.81
1.89
!252!0371
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.8
2-8
::?
3.04 0.53
2.27 0.29
1.73 \ 0.40
3.04 0.25
0.27
0.65
0.37
0.68
.003
.002
.002
.002
.001
.002
.007
.001
.006
.008
.009
.008
.005
.009
-007
.009
.012*
.002
.003
.006
.0288
.007
.008
.-_
-OH
2.90 I
2.57
4.43
1.81
3.14
:::
1.72
2.3
1.14
2.7
1.48
.
4.2,
8.5 j 2.7 ( 1.87
.
4.1
5.1
4.3
3.3
!~l~~~~~l~l~l~l~l~~
30.3
29.5
22.1
28.6
I__r
52.9 18.6,
45.5
56.8
57.2
51.9
___
[43613091
521 32 I
44.2 I 29.4
45.5 ; 29.5
39.3 34.6
45.6 30.2
:::
1!:1
__
2.9
3.1
3.5
2.9
S3 I 3fy9310AI
9.9
5.8
C4AF
10.9
13.4
C2S CaA
39.3 32.0
46.7 26.2
40.5 32.1
51.7 , 19.3
1.
C3S
ChlorOform Solublc MaCaSO~ MgO Free

Cao terial%
Calculated Compound Composition~o

_____ ____
026J:sI0-:1
OM 144+w-21
Zgsi:gzl-zglozolobzlo-lzl
.
62.23 \ 1.18 I 1.88

61.52 ; 3.33 1.91
61.08 0.96 1.67
63.84 I 1.70 1.98
I 62.17 [ 1.79 I 1.86 I
2.82
3.21
2.80
2.36
__
3.38 I 2.80 I
3.36
3.99
3.42
2.76
4.27
Probably largely sulphur.
Av.
Av.
5.53
3.49
5.23
1.95
25.06
24.00
24.93
25.79
24.95 [
62.99
64.15
65.65
64.43
15558
15560
15591
15614
3.22
3.43
3.03
2.76
22.91
23.86
23.13
i 27.47
.
I 24.34 I
5.25
4.22
5.59
2.02
Sol
3.04 ~ 1.67 0.88

2.27 1.91 0.82
1.73 1.47 0.83
3.04 1.56 0.64
____
I 63.12 12.52 il.65,0.7910.26
62.43
63.29
63.30
63.45
63.211
15561
15571
15590
15624
6.13
5.06
6.26
6.31
4.79
4.62
4.30
3.s7
] 4.32
i~]
I 20.39 I=I==IZT=-
20.60
20.51
20.09
20.36
22.27 1 4.71
21.89
22.26
22.41
22.52
1~~
hfgo
-..
.
3.24
62.63 2.90 I 1.68
1.90
64.44 2.57 1.83
61.89 4.43 2.08
2.69
3.05
63.86 1.81 1.70
I AL03 I ~etos I co;&
Major Components-%
Av
15399
15400
15401
15402
Av.
_.
15482
15485
15559
15604
~-;ioz
21.50
6.20
15394
21.42
6.28
15395
15396 I
15397 ~ ;::!; I W
gp:;
were m:Ide gy the IISU; II I>(,rtland Cement
!emicol
mettmds, wl!if:h for the majo~ components arc sitnil:!r i,) currmt staucl}trd ASThl mctl]od>. 1,co
,Irr(fTX): wcr(, (I(t(,-n)it,,wlXy Ior[land Cement Aswci:iticm nx.t!),,,ls, .W2.,.0 and Ml by Berk and Rollers m~tho+ Free Ilum, hhrzoa, 1?05, insoluble residue and chloroform soluble organic
substances were d~.lcrn] ined by ASTIII standard metho(ls. llwlI value is the average of two or more cfeterml nattons.
In eulcukltiog cnrulmun(i composition free G() was deducted from total (X), but no allowance was mwle for other minor components.
Chloroform soluble m~terial determined according to method given in ASTkl SpecificationC 1l-f- 40S~c.32ancl33.
.
.
--.- ...
----
f crm,.nts
23
21
2.5
22
24
Av.
.
33
--. -
g
Av.
Av.
13
16
18
17
14
11
12
15
1.6
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
2.6
2.6
2.4
1.3
2.6
4.0
3.1
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.1
0.9
~1~1
2.3
3.2
1.4
2.3
1.s
1.8
:::
2.8
.
2.0 I 0.5
0.9
1.2
1::;
6.8
9.3
9.2
;.;
C4AF
.032
.043
.023
.068
.041
.054
.074
.080
.091
G
3%.
.212
.298
.297
.191
.481
.281
.320
.208
.207 I .268 I .286
.146 I .194
.208 .281
.222 .287
.140 .181
.361 .454
.223 .279
.220 .286
.139 .187
TYPE
.306
.229
.314
.328
.207
.506
.292
.342
.226
5y.
.238
.258
.270 Broken
.271
.285
. 2S6 Broken
.359
.379
.279 I .307
-.
.315
.251
.239
.252 I .268 I
.298
.234
.225
111 CEMENTS
.268
.101 .112 .184

.
.060
.077
.123
.137
.163
.244
.259
.257
.247
.334
.054
.069
.111
.121
.148
6m.
iPE I CEMEI s
14d.
()
In Ah
TYPE 11 CEMENTS
.136
loy.
.145
.190
.171
.175
.239
.053
.067
.108
.116
.142
.111 \ .120
.11.5
.085
.180
.163
.171
.060
.099
.072
.088
Sy.
.088
.093
.105
.081
.173
.148
.161
.062
3yfl.
.063
.061
.068
.059
.108
.083
.101
.036
6m.
(+)
In Water
1 by 1 by 11%-in. Neat Cement Bars
Iy.
3Y.
(+)
.010i
.015
.025
.023
.024
.015
.021
.031
.032
.040,
.035
.035
.020,
.
.030;
8Y.
.021
.027
.038
.039
.049
lY.
3y.
.4X)3
.003
.007
.008
.008
.005
.0435
.013
.020
.026
.004
.009i
.012
.016
.030
.035 .037 .003 .005 .003

.042 .045 .002 .005 .007
.026 .0271
.001 .000, .001
.0341 .036[ .0011 .003] .004]
..-.
.020
.029
.042
.041
.0491
lm.
Sy.
loy.
Standing in l-in. of Water in

Covered Metal Containers (+)
Mortar Bars
.030
.033
.045
.050
.056
.007 .036
.017 .043
.0091.025
.
.011/.035
.009
.017
.021
.026
.038
.011 .011 .010 .031

.029
.006
.034
.007 .015 .016 .023 .039
.032
.005 .007 .003 .008 .028
.019
.003 .006 .000 .006 .023
.041
.009 .023 .017 .028 .047
.042
.009 .022 .028, .035 .053
.040
.oos~ .016 .023; .030 .042
.011 .oo41- -.006,-.006 .002 .015
.
1.
.Oq
.012! .012] .0171z
.029 .031
.027
.029
.028
.017
.042
.040
.040
.009
5Y.
=J=,m:mlmlmlmlm]mlm
.004
.005
.010
ml
:~1
.017; .021
.019, .025
.0151.021
.010 .014
.028 .034
.004 .022 .031
.0061
.oo3,- -:R[ :2:
.
.
.005[ .0161 .023
.005
.Ooo
.005
X)O;l
lm.
2 by 2 by 11~-in.
In Moist Air
.006 .020
.009 .030
.002 .013
.
.
.
.293 ] .O~~ .021]
.
.344
.274
.260
.335
.420
.310
.276
.246
.335
.348
.222
.540
.315
,366
.246
.327
loy.
Length Changes of Neat Cement and Mortar Bars for Storage Condition Indicated-%
.091 .137 .144 .159 .164 .287

.119 .198 .215 .244 .186 .239
.084 .155 .165 .182 .158 .220
.
.
.
..
.12 I .033 I .098 ~ .163 I .175 I .195 I .169 I .2491
.02
.11
.22
.027
13.5 I .06
5.7 10.1
6.4
3:2 H::
7.7
..
4.2 I 9.0 I 8.1 I
.012
.027
.031
.032
.035
14:9
11.7
14.8
:.;
28rL
.01
.02
.06
.09
.11
1$:
:.;
4:7
6.6
5.4
.
5.3 i
:::
3.2
3.7
2.5
.01
.05
.07
.08
.11
,.12
.19
.19
Autw
clave
Ex
?$
1:::
12.6
.040
.010
7:5
12.1
,.
.
10.8 I 8.0 \ .10 ] .025
1::;
10.4
10.1
C4A
1.3
2.0 I 0.5 I 2.5
;:;
0.9
2.4
3.6
3.0
0.7
1.0
Free
CaO
:,g
Calculated
Constituent70
TABLE 14.RESULTS OF AUTOCLAVE AND LENGTH CHANGE TESTS OF THE LONG-TIME STUDY CEMENTS
Data for neat cement and 1-2 mortar specimens through the 5-year pe~iod from Tables 3-22,3-24 and 3-26 of Chapter 3, Chemical and Physical Tests of the cements, Long-Time Study of Cement Performance in Concrete; Journal of the American Concrete Institute, FebruaryTMay, 1948, Proceed~ngs, vol. 44, 1948. Data beyond the 5-year period are from the laboratory tiles.
Neat cement bars were cured in molds one day and then tested for autoclave expansion in accordance with ASTM C 151-40 T, or stored in water at 70 + ZF., or in air at 75F. and Swo relative humidity.
I-2 mortar bars were made with Elgin sand and were cured in molds one day, then stored in moist room at 70F., or stored standing on end in about 1 inch of water in tightly covered metal containers at 75F.
Cements arranged in ascending order of expansion of neat cement bars during S hr. in autoclave (3 hr. at maximum temperature of 420F.).
06
1::!
3.1
::;
0.4
0.6
1.8
2.7
1.2
1.4
21T
33T
.-
.-
11.5
::;
3.1
::;
0.1
:::
3.0
10.4
6.7
7.1
7.1
2.7
0.8
1.9
16T
18T
llT
12T
1{:;
12.2
12.6
11.6
0.3 I 2.0 I 4.9
1.7
::;
9,3
8.2
13.8
1s.2
5.3
3.s
6.2
4.5
1.4
1.9
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.4
43A
42
43
41
1.0
1.7
.030
.031
.029
.040
.11
.02
.16
.08
.08
.12
.17
.032
.024
.031
,100
.089
.106
.138
.100
.090
.110
.149
.088
.054
.079
.151
.165
.286
.227
.203
.208
.376
.302
.232
.249
.409
.325
.130 .139 .158

.070 .068 .073
.120 .127 .141
.237
.211
.166
.183
.279
.251
.236
.306
.301
.273
.244
.355
.316
.310
.331
.365
.293
.259
.404
.322
.340
AIR-ENTRAINING CEMENTS
TYPE V CEMENT
-qwl=l=l=lxl=
.105
.095
.116
.164
.120 .126 .138

.148 .160 .182
.123 .131 .153
.078 .108 -X
.071
,069
.072
.099
.025 Broken
.038
.088
.042
.097
.025
.078
.03 I .032
.00
.01
.02
.09
TYPE IV CEMENTS
.278
.436
.347
.362
.356
.388
.315
.254
.274
.430
.345
x
.007
.006
.00.5
.008
.299
.006
.456
:~{
.364
.385
.007/
.
.378
.006
.407
.006
.006
.346
.278
,310
.464
.375
.0181
.012,
.02.5
.022
.
.019
.016
.018
,017
.022
.015
.027
.0241
.016
.032
.031
.
mrl
.021
.031
.035
.030
.043
.0331
.037
.029
.043
.003
.Ooo
.002
.006
.013
.003
.010
.025
.c@7
.009
.011
.017
.0271 .029
.002
.005
.002
.0301 .032 .005] .014~ .016!

.~
.023 -o?61 .13133 .~
.040 .046: .009 .021 .0251
.0391fl,
.0041 .016 .020
..
::~[
A&l Xl& S)l:
m;;
--X5 ml=l%lm
.02s
.028
.023
.038
.:03~
.0031 :029
_
:::;,
.0201 .035
.13(36.0Z3
.003 .049
.025{ .040
.022 .037
.010 .032
.018 .038
.032 Disc.
-1
80
H, F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
expansions of neat cement bars during 17

years water storage for such blends, from
the data in Table 11, and Fig. 27, would
be approximately
as follows:
Expansion%
Blend
(12742)+94 lb. Aaturalj

(12991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1
6 bags Portland (12742)+94 lb. Natural
(12992)......
. .. . .. ... . . . .. .. ..
In
Auto.
clave
N;ter
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.31
0.10
0,19
0.37
0.37
0<37
0.37
0.25
0.27
.
6 bags Portland
6 bags Portland (12805)+94 lb. Natural

(12991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
j bags
ural
5 bags
ural
Portland (12742) + 188 lb. Nat(12991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..

Portland (12742) + 188 lb, Nat(12992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
s bags Portland (12805) + 188 lb. Natural (12991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17,yr.
Tests of Normal
and Higlz-Early
Strength Portland Cements from Same
Plants-Se?ies
263: In some of the early
autoclave
tests of high-early
strength
portland cements the expansions were
generally less than those obtained with
normal portland cements. It was thought
, that the lower expansions obtained with
the high-early
strength
cements may
have been due to the higher fineness of
the cements and the greater strength of
the specimens at time of test. To investigate this possibility, normal and highearly strength portland cements from 10
plants were tested. The tests included
length change measurements
of 1 by 1
by 11,~-in. neat cement bars stored in air,
in water, in saturated steam at 212F.
for 24 hr., and in the autoclave for 5 or
72 hr. Autoclave tests were made on neat
cement bars at ages of 1, 3, 7 and 28
days. Compression
tests of 2-in. neat
c~lbes also were made at the same ages.
Table 12 contains the data on length
change, strength and chemical analyses
of the cements.
In general, the normal portland cements showed greater expansions during
autoclaving than the high-early strength
cements at all ages of test. For both
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
of cement, the expansions were

greatest for specimens tested at age of
one day. Specimens in the autoclave for
5 hr., 3 hr. at max. temp. of 420F,
showed much less expansion when tested
at age of 3, 7 and 28 days than when
tested at 1 day but there was little change
in the values after the 3-day tests. This
is in agreement with the results reported
in Table 16. 11ith few exceptions specimens in the autoclave for 72 hr., 62 hr.
at max. temp. of 350F., showed higher
expansions than those in the autoclave
for 5 hr. (3 hr. at 420F.)at all ages of
test, but a more gradual decrease in the
amount of expansion with increase in
age at time of test. Although for one or
two of the pairs of cements there was
some relationship between the autoclave
expansion and strength, for several pairs
wide differences in expansion occurred
even though the specimens were of approximately
equal strength at time of
test. Apparently strength of specimen at
time of test is not the principal factor
affecting the expansion during the autoclave test. Fig. 2 of the 1940 Report of
the Working
Committee
on Volume
Change and Soundness, ASTM Committee C-1 (25) showed that for a given composition the finer the cement the lower
the autoclave expansion.
The expansions during 15 years storage in water of neat cement bars for six
of the ten pairs of cement were about
the same for the high-early strength portland cements as for the normal portland
cements. For the other four pairs of
cements, in three cases the high-early
strength
cements showed appreciably
higher expansions at the 15-year period,
and in one case appreciably
lower expansion than the normal portland cement. The expansions during 5 hours in
the autoclave of the neat cement bars
tested at 1 day were less than 0,5 per
cent for all except two of the normal
cements which had autoclave expansions
of about 0.8 and 5.1 per cent respectypes
i
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
made on the 27 commercial portland

cements manufactured
in 194041 for
the Long-Time Study of Cement Performance in Concrete. In these tables
the cements of a given type are listed in
ascending order of their neat cement bar
expansions during the standard
autoclave test (ASTM C15 1).
The autoclave expansions of the 47
tively. The latter cement showed the

highest expansion (0.34 per cent) during
15 years storage in water.
Tests oj the 5 Types oj Portland Cement
Series 308, and Long-Time Study oj
Cement Performance in Concrete, Autoclave expansions of neat cement bars,
and length changes of neat cement, mortar or concrete bars during storage in
TABLE 15.AVERAGE
Cement
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSIONS AND LENGTH CHANGES FOR DIFFERENT

PORTLAND CEMENT
(Data from Tables 13 and 14)
Av. Cons tituent~o
81
CHARACTERISTICS
I
I Calculated
Series
Av. Length Change at Age Indicatedz
Neat Cement Bars

A&.
Free
CaO 1
1 CA \ C,AF
Type
TYPES OF
In Water
In Air
Exp ,
~ j:)
[$j
~?]
~?j
Mortar Bars
In
~$al
Moist
Air 8y. yyt.
(+) / (+j
Concrete Bars*
In
:;:;;,
I
(+)
&~ya
~ (-)
NON-AIR-ENTRAININGCEMENTS
308
LTS
I :;;
.33 I ,., I ,.,

[ ..
.16 [ . . .
,12 ! .14 1 .31 I .33 , .031 ! .035
308
LTS
308
LTS
3
3
IH
~4
I
308
LTS
308
LTS
5
5
14
ii
--
. U4+
...
.057
...
.016
...
.048
,..
.018
...
.057
.
2.0
1.7
0.1 :
0.3
4
5
.018
...
.044
...
1.9
1.6
0.5
0.5 1
4
4
.020
...
.043
...
AIR-ENTRAINING CEMENTS
LTS
i 1A :
412.7
LTS/2A1111.210.6~7
LTSi3Al111.4~1.8~10~7~
i0.41121
18111
10 i
.02
.16
* Specimens stored 1 day in molds under damp burlap,

50[;~relative humidity.
water and in air for 5, 8 or 10 years,

made with the 5 types of portland cement
covered by ASTM Specification C150
are given in Tables 13 and 14 and summarized in Table 15. Table 13 gives
results of tests of 4 different brands of
u:tch of the 5 types of commercial portIand cements which were manufactured
in 1940. Length changes of 3 by 3 by
11~-in. concrete bars during 5 years storage in moist air are included in this
table. Table 14 gives the results of tests
... I .1$~ ,.. ~ .38
.036
.037
...
,,,
.036
,.,
.,,
..
,07
..; .. .41
.030
.14
. . . , .35
.029
.029
.,.
,..
. _________
then moist entire time or 6 days moist then in air at 75F. and
cements in Tables 13 and 14 were low

ranging from O per cent to 0.22per cent
except-in the case of Cement Lit 15396
in Table 13 which expanded 0.68 per cent
in the autoclave test, In general, as was
pointed out in the discussion of the resuits of tests of other commercial portland cements (Table 10) for each type
of cement the expansions of the neat
cement and mortar bars during storage
in water or in moist air increased as the
autoclave expansions increased. In the
I
1
1
I
!
!!
1{I
82
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH AND T.
case of the individual Long-Time Study

Cements (Table 14) the expansions of
the neat cement bars during 10 years in
moist air were generally less than 0.2
per cent, and the expansions of the 1-2
mortar bars were less than 0,05 per cent
during 8 years in moist air and less than
0.06 per cent during 10 years in covered
containers, standing upright in about 1
inch of water at a temperature
of 75F.
Average autoclave expansions and length
changes to date for these 47 cements are
given in Table 15, The average autoclave
expansions and length changes of the
neat cement and mortar bars in Table
15 are in general agreement with the
data in Fig. 9 and 25 where conditions of
test are comparable. The expansions of
the concrete bars at 5 years ranged from ~
to ~ and averaged about ~ of the expansion
of the corresponding neat cement bars,
Eject of Duration
of Moist
Autoclave Expansion
Curing
on
The results of tests to determine the

effect of longer periods of moist curing
of the neat cement bars on their expansions in the autoclave test are shown in
(A) of Table 16. Compressive strengths
of 12, 77 plastic mortar 2-in. cubes made
from the cements are also showi~ in this
portion of Table 16. Length changes of
neat cement bars during 15 years storage
in water, in air of laboratory, and in air
outdoors protected from rain and snow
are shown in (B) of Table 16. Chemical
analyses and calculated compound compositions of the cements are given in (C)
of Table 16. The cements included 12
normal portlands, 3 high-early strength
portlands,
one modified portland,
and
one natural cement. All specimens which
did not show excessive expansion during
the first 5-hour cycle of the autoclave
M.
WHITESIDE
test were subjected
to a second and a
third cycle.
In general, the effect of increasing the
period of moist curing befo~e test was to
reduce the autoclave
expansion,
the
greatest reduction generally occurring between tests made at 1 and 3 days, This
was true whether the comparisons were
made on the basis of the expansions
obtained in the first cycle or on the basis
of those obtained in the second or in the
third cycle. When the autoclave expansion at age of 1 day was low (less than
about 0.3 per cent) there was little difference in the values obtained at the four
ages of test. At each age of test the
expansion during the second cycle was
increased over that which occurred dur~
ing the first cycle and it was further
increased during the third cycle; some
of the cements showed large increases in
expansion, or disintegrated
completely
during the second or third cycles. Cements showing this behavior generally
had the highest expansions during the
first cycle at a given age of test. Two of
the 12 normal portland cements showed
autoclave expansions of 1 per cent and
1,05 per cent during the first cycle when
tested at l-day age. When given a second
cycle, four of the twelve cements showed
expansions of from 1,4 to 11 per cent,
and when given a third cycle, six cements
showed expansions of this magnitude.
However, none of the neat cement bars
from the normal portland cements expanded more than 0.3 per cent during
15 years storage in water. One of the
high-early strength cements, the modified
portland cement and the natural cement,
all of which expanded 15 per cent or
more in the autoclave test when tested
at age of one day, showed excessive expansion during storage in water for periods ranging from 28 days to one or
three years.
1.03
5.33
5.08
13.11
1.44
::$
4.65
4.41
4.54
2.98
3.31
2.23
1.82
21.55
13915
13916
14428d
14429d
13715
1-
.02
.05
.29
.32
.59
.5s
... I
.13
.58
...
.24
.32
.47
.64
.25
.23
.68
.56
.64
.45
.54
9.4
l::;
1.65
.91
2.0
.02
.06
.39
.48
1.8
.75
.03
.04
.27
.27
.39
.51
.06
.27
17.5
.11
.43
...
.15
.48
...
.. .
...
NATURAL CEMENT
I 185
...
MODIFIED PORTLAND CEXENT
.17
.61
---
.10
.30
...
.31
.48
.90
1.05
.4.5
.42
.03
.03
.20
.27
.34
.40
I 16-5 I 165
.06
.17
19.4
.19
.27
.41
.53
.18
.18
.02
.11
.21
.25
.22
.04
I
2nd
Cyc.
28 Days
...
.14
.37
...
.43
.55
13.7
1.40
.74
2.0+3
.03
.04
.30
.34
.50
.52
3rd
Cyc.
...
2520
2580
...
1538
1485
1673
1510
1585
..
.
1813
1430
1680
_.
Specific
Surface
sq. cm.
per g.
650 I
1:%
1680
::
370
370
480
470
590
400
600
290
440
420
Id.
~o
4000
2920
3250
1240
1620
1300
1090
1610
1390
1::
1210
1920
1020
1490
3d.
6870
5950
5590
3870
3940
3940
3620
4460
4360
4750
311M
4580
2790
4020
4040
28d.
5301.700
5590
4630
4550
2150
2630
2410
2190
2700
2520
1620
2560
1240
2430
2370
3050
7d.
Compressive strength of 1-2.77

Plastic hfortar Cubes lb. per sq. in.
263 AND 271
I 200I ~~~
I ~~~
I 89I ~~~
I - I 10I ~~~
I ~~~
I - I 25I 40I 80I 450
.
I 27.5 I
.06
.43
19.0
2.7
.98
1.83
.67
.67
.04
.02
.11
.21
.24
.24
.02
.07
.44
.76
4.6a
.80
2nd
Cyc.
HIGri EARLY STRENGTHCEMENH
I
1st
Cyc.
3rd
Cyc.
.
1st
3rd
Cyc.
Cyc.
NORMAL PORTLAND CEMENTS
7 Days
_ --.
d Failed to pass ASTM Pat Test for Soundness.
COne compression test for each age;
..
31.0
I
.22
.78
...
.17
.75
...
I
2nd
Cyc.
3 Days
8
.52
.S8
:36
10.2
.54
.66 1.08
.74
.33
1.16
.36
.03
.03
.12
.21
.24
.25
.02
.09
.69
.86
4.2
1.16
.08
.61
20.0
.06
.44
.31
.91
.92
.00
I
1st
Cyc.
3rd
Cyc.
.98
.81
.
3.5
:;$
.57
.58
.82
.92
1.00
1.05
I 158
2nd
Cyc.
.86
.74
11.1
1.43
1.48
3.6
.01
.03
.15
.20
.28
.52
Ist
Cyc.
1 Day
bOne autoclave test only;
1.10
1.89
0.79
0.57
0.8S
0.71
2.92
13911
13901
14127
13898b
13910
13384
a One test only;
0.84
0.92
0.37
0.47
0.55
1.12
0.70
2.40
4.37
4.73
5.05
4.16
13904
13900
13906
14132
14129
13897
Free
CaO %
MYg
Cement
Lot No.
Expansion During Autoclaving for Bars Tested at Age Indicated%
TABIX 16.3ZI~~3KT
OF DURATION OF MOIS~ CURING ON AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION 017 NEAT CEMENT IIARSSERIES
(A) A uloclave Expansions and Compressive .Wrewths
were in autoclave 5 hours (3 hours at mix.
tcmp. of 4201:.) for each of 3 cycles.
Neat cement bars, 1 by 1 by 1lx-in., of normal consistency
Neat cement bars made and tested February and March 1938.
Unless otherwise indicated: All expansio~ values are tbe average of 2 tests,
All compression values are the average of 6 tests,
All cements passed the ASTM Pat Test for Soundness.
Cements listed in ascending order of autoclave expansion at age of 1 day.
.058
.057
.035
.040
.037
.036
.592
.575
.700
.961
1.105
.991
.085
.583
20.0
31.0
I 15.0
13915
13916
14428d
14429d
13715
22
375
208
3;;
Cracked.
30s
.161
7.58
.031
.062
.156
.029
13911
13901
14127
13898
13910
13384
18
8
3::
307
11
7
.008
28d.
.047
.044
.042
.045
Autoclave
Expansion
%
. 014
.035
.188
.200
,274
.551
poy;;
13904
13900
13906
14132
1.4129
13897
~:.
.591
I
1.022
I
...
Disc,
7.64
.218
.214
. .
.186
.186
.488
.133
.150
.361
1.315
.230
.211
.223
.211
...
.
.229
.078
.138
.185
.193
.174
.185
.183
.184
.191
.168
,063
.115
.139
.138
.129
.129
.118
.117
.081
.126
.119
.132
.130
.040
.272
.297
.273
.287
.258
.271
.259
.273
...
1.735
.244
.234
...
.237
.618
iy.
3y.
.248
.317
.208
.303,
.228
.246
.159
.187
.191
,186.
.2501
.212
.322
.373
.206
.387
.260
.330
.207
.252
.216
.187
.254
.264
.306!
.385
.177
.382
. 228*
.348
.198
.258
.204
.165
.220
.248
Broken
...
.318
.255
.265
.330
.134 + .250
Broken
...
...
...
CEK~NT
Broken
NATURAL
+8.88
.395
.219
.338
.309
.393
.250
.196
.261
.197
...
5Y.
...
...
. 296*
.289
.314*
.320
+.498
+.534
MODIFIEDPOETLANDCEMSrMr
.285
.246
.644
HIGSS EARLY STRENGrSi CEMENTS
.234
.256
.292
.103
.161
.222
.244
.268
.102
.152
28d.
.. .
...
.311
.357
+.621
.338
.419
.171
.430
.234
.353
.215
.286
.207
.183
.221
.276
..
...
.344
.381
+.650
.358
.441
.166
.446
.251
.361
.229
.303
.220
. 1s4
.219
.294
] 10Y. I 15Y.
In Air at 70-80F. and SO% R.H. ()
In Water at 70-7sF. (-l-)
lY.
] 3Y. I 5y.
] 10Y. I 15y.
...
...
...
...
. .
.137
.iss
.iio
.108
.127
.115
...
...
.116
.120
. .
.iis
.095
.105
.135
.WS
.110
.102
.087
...
..
. 195*
Disc.
..
.174
.138
.179
.192
.141
.150
.164
. 160*
.
...
~~~
. .
...
. .
.187
.167
.176
.190
I ~~~
.158
.124
.167
.185
.ii9
.152
.126
.
.168
.141
...
...
.120
.153
.142
.183
.167*
. 185*
..
. M&
.127
.
.
Disc.
. 160*
.154
.
.
. 132*
Outdoors Protected from Rain and Snow (-)
.
.
28d. ] 6m. I 2y. I 3Y. I 5Y. I 15Y.
Length Changes of Neat 1 by 1 by If M-in. Cement Bars for Storage Condition Indicated%
TABLE 16.Corstinued
(B] Length Changes oj Neat Cement Bars Stored in Waler, Laboratory A ir, or Outdoors .Protecl.d jrom Rain axd Snow
Values for autoclave expansions are for one 5-hr. cycle at age of one day and were determined at a different time from the tests reported in (A) above. Neat cement bars made in
1937, except Ref. No. 135which was made in 1936and Ref. No. 305,307, and 31Owhich were made in 1938.
One 1 by 1 by 11~-in. neat cement bar of normal consistency was made for each condition of test.
Cements listed in same order as in (A) above.
208
2S.36
I
5.25
]4.44
33.87
14429
375
3;:
_ -..
13715
67.48
I 3.60
3.15
I 17.50
13915
13916
14428
22
64.28
64.45
66.04
2.83
2.63
2.00
5.45
5.21
4.89
19.81
18.83
18.96
133s4
1:
135
30:
61.43
64.27
61.85
60.82
63.29
62.81
2.70
2.47
2.29
3.53
2.21
2.54
7.13
6.80
21.07
19.44
21.73
20.22
20.97
21.50
18
:::
5.59
5.10
65.55
64.25
62.45
58.65
61.30
63.12
4.75
3.34
2.60
5.3.5
3.48
2.60
CaO
4.20
4.22
5.22
5.01
4.95
5.21
1:
310
307
3
. ...
so,
Loss
Ignition
1.69
1.80
1.76
1.51
1.75
1.86
1.64
1.54
2.03
2.03
1.62
1.60
2.43
1.14
1.50
1.89
1.28
0.84
0.96
1.28
1.08
1.56
1.12
0.88
2.26
1.75
2.46
1.55
3.12
2.14
21.55
1.37
5.68
1.82
4.04
1.77
I
I
NATURALCEMENT
MODIFIED PORTL&ND CEMENT
2.98
3.31
2.23
HIGII EARLY STREtJGTIi CEJIENTS
2.92
2.66
5.19
4.65
4.41
4.54
0.70
2.40
4.37
.4.73
5.05
4.16
NORMAL POR~LA~D CEEENTS
MgCl
Oxide Analyses-~O
-- --------
21.58
22.35
21.50
21.71
21.62
21.44
FezOa
------
. .. . . .
12.82
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.09
0.28
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.18
0.17
0.1.5
0.10
0.09
0.15
Ifel:$$
((; C[,emictdA aalyses end Calculated Compound Composition
11
__
.-
Cemen k listed in same order as in (A) above.
..
~
I

Cement
Ref. No.
Lot ho.
AlzOa
SiOz
1.44
59.8
53.8
61.3
28.8
51.8
41.5
43.0
49.1
49.0
59.7
50.4
44.7
24.7
40.1
46.1
Cas
..
7.2
:::
4.2
::!
::;
2.6
2.9
$:
3.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
caso4
. ..
I
.
I 11.0 I 3.0
i:!
2.3
8.6
;::
8.2
7.5
7.0
10.7
6.7
8.0
14.5
10.2
7.9
16.3
10.6
7.9
C4AF
9.7
14.3
13.8
9.4
9.5
11.1
9.0
;:;
;::
4.2
3.1
C,A
Compound Composition, YO
I ... I . I
11.7
13.4
8.1
38.7
16.7
31.0
25.6
23.1
25.0
16.8
26.1
27.9
43.6
31.7
26.7
C2S
I Calculated
I13.11 I 56.9
1.03
5.33
5.08
1.10
1.89
0.79
0.57
0.85
0.71
0.84
0.92
0.37
0.47
0.55
1.12
Free CaO
OJ Cements
34
002
::;
::;
0.06
3B
0.30
35
4.9
0.2
2.10
36
7.0
0.3
0.1 10.00$,
56
9.9
- --.
One specimen only.
t 2-year value.
f over 10~.
4~~
453
435I
435
475
54048o f
390 445
405 345
355 280
295 125
5101510~ 4580
390, 410 4460
370: 385 4020
300 330 4230
95,
4070
485 455 460 515 4470

390 445 390 410 4460
480 420 420 450 4480
365 330 355 345 3660
230]155 140 185 1910
.
!8d. ly. 3+y. Sy. 10Y. 28d.
1-3 Standard Ottawa

Sand Ilriqucts
0.3 0.02 440

0.3 0.06 455
0.0 0.16 430
0.0 Io.oot 420
0.0 10.00] 410
II
S-hr.
Free AutoCaO clave
E;p.
%
/0
Strength at Age Indicatedlb. per sq. in.
6350
6930
5550
5830
4420
5930
6930
5970
5370
3940
1850
1990
1580
l%
2440
2880
2850
;flo~
2390
2930
2710
1880
880
__
5660
5970
5220
2810
.
1780
1990
1810
1s10
1490,
2750
2880
2410
2270
1560
2770
2930
2540
1480
600t
2740
2650
2430
1260
..
2410
2650
2570
1410
830
2640
2760
2500
1350
2410
2760
2630
1200
D~CRIZASES
3+Y. I 5y. I 10Y.
ADDEDCJS CONSTANT
5930
5970
5900
2460
.
MgO
5830
6780
5910
3730
1350
lY.
1--4.25 hlix
CaO-CA
i 10Y.28d. I
SUBSTITUTED FOR
Sy.
6390 6000
6360 6780
3830 5880
3070 3430
2550t,
]
6500
6360
5810
4440
1470
MgO
34y.
1-2.7.$KIix
Plastic Graded Ottawa Sand Mortar 2-in. Cubes
ly.
CEMENTS OF VARIED Mgo CONTENTSERIES
4500
4130
4120
3910
3920
4740
4130
4050
3650
3010
5960
6040
5310
4860
5590
5800
6040
5670
5480
4900
6340
6990
6420
6130
5340
716il
6990
7230
6690
5010
7390
7080
6910
6400
5700
7430
7240
6680
6650
6010
7270 6920
7080 7240
7100 7540
6650 7210
6210 6360
..
28d. I lY. I 3&y. I 5Y. I 15Y.
Ill \vatcr
Sl(mgc
230
4500
4130
4120
3910
3920
553015760%5510
4920: 5880 5750
4870, 5530 4680
5000, 5160 4780
1490015090 4050
6040
6260
6190
5940
3460
4740 4970 5710153201

6280
4130 4920 5880i57.50,6260
4050 48301549015170,6560
3650 4830 5090,4940,6220
3010 428015290,47W!4880
28d. I ly. I 3$Y. I 5Y. I 15Y.
oullhx)r
12.4-3.6 3 x 6-in. Concrete Cylinders
Specimens in Moist Room 28 Days then in Water Unless Otherwise Indicated
Jforlar:
The water-cement ratios by weight of the mortar mixes were as follows:
1-3 Standard Ottawa sand mortarO.39 to 0.40.
12.75 graded Ottawa sand mortar-O.53.
1-4.25 graded Ottawa sand mortarO.80.
Concrete:
Mix: 1-2.4-3.6 by weight.
Net water content 6.35 gal. per sack cement; water-cement ratio 0.847.
Aggregate: Elgin sand and gravel graded O to ~-in.
All strength values are the average of 3 tests unless otherwise noted.
t
TABLE 17.TESTS OF MORTARS AND CONCRETES MADE WITH LABORATORY-PREPARED

(A) Slrsv@s of .$forlars a?bd Concreles
;:
56
34
3B
:;
32
33
55
1525
1635
1570
1625
1610
1550
1635
1510
1560
1520
1415
1440
1415
1415
1465
Sq. cm.
per g.
Syur:x
1490
1440
1415
1390
1350
Burning
Cenmoent T~m+p.
..
Burniji;
23.4
22.7
22.3
21.5
20.2
6.3
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.2
6.3
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
::;
2.9
3.2
3.3
65.5
64.4
63.2
61.9
60.4
66.3
64.4
62.9
60.5
57.2
SiOz AIzOa Fes433 CaO
22.9
22.7
23.3
22.7
23.0
am) Analytical
I)ata
oj Cements
and Length
Clzauges oj Neat Cewent
Bars
41
43
41
42
47
43
43
36
27
11
C3A CIA~ M~O ::;
36
33
33
30
23
29
33
40
45
58
;;
11
11
11
MgO
11
11
10
11
11
;::
;:;
4.7
.021
.047
.048
.063
.078
1:
9
9
9
;:;
::;
4.9
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
.024
.047
.041
.055
.039
ADDEDC3S CONSTANT
1:
10
13
0.3
().3
0.0
0.0
0.0
ly.
3y.
.039
.079
.102
.140
.161
.040
.079
.108
.144
.259
.039
.092
.114
.173
.230
.041
.092
.113
.167
.370
..-.
.-.
7y.
.047
.098
.137
.200
.270
.053
.103
.156
.216
.342
.050 .050
.098 .103
.137 .148
.196 .207
.422 4.95
Sy.
.045
.093
.162
.222
.360
.060
.093
.154
.213
.510
Ioy.
.047
.098
.156
.300
.490
.050
.09s
.137
Dis.
Dis.
24h.
.047
.098
.194
Dis.
Dis.
.050
.098
.137
Dis.
Dis.
72h.
.016
..
.142
.600
Dis.
.016
.
.097
Dis.
Dis.
24h.
Dis:
...
1.4:
.022
.016
..
.210
Dis.
Dis.
72h.
Expansion of
Tota~Expansion
Specimens Auto5 yr. in Water, then
claved
at 177C.
,4utoclaved at 177C. after 1 Day
in Molds
Length Changes of Neat Cement~Bars
Expansion in Water at 25C.

after 1 Day in Molds
DECREASES
28d.
hfgO~SUBSTITUTED FOR caoc~s
Cfy
Computed Potential Compound

Composition
Cas
from Tables 6a and 61Jof Paper No, 55 of Iortbmd Cement Association I:cllowship)
Partial Clinker Analysis
(Data
(B)
...
...
co
-..
H. F. GONNERMAN,
RELATIONSHIPS
Mr. LERCH
AND T.
M.
WHITESIDE
BETWEEN
AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
OF CEMENT
STRENGTH OF MORTAR AhD CONCRETE
Strengths oj Mortars and Concretes oj

Varied iWgO ContentSeries 260. In Table 17 are shown strengths of 3 by 6-in.
concrete cylinders, 13 standard Ottawa
sand briquets, 1-2.75 and 1-4.25 plastic
mortar cubes at ages of 28 days to 10 or
15 years. These specimens were made
with the laboratory-prepared
cements of
varying MgO content listed in the table.
The cements were low in free CaO. The
compressive strengths of the 3 by 6-in.
concrete
cylinders
made from both
groups of cements and stored continuously in water do not appear to have
been adversely affected up to the 15-year
period even when the MgO content of
the cement was in excess of 5 per cent
and the autoclave expansions were very
high (over 10 per cent). In the case of
the concrete specimens stored outdoors
exposed to the weather, only Cement
No. 56 showed a falling off in strength
at the 5-year and 15-year test periods.
The MgO of this cement was 9.9 per cent
and its autoclave expansion was over 10
per cent. Falling off in strength when
the MgO content was over 5 per cent
aiid the autoclave expansions of the cements were high was particularly noticeable in the tests of the plastic mortar
cubes at ages of test beyond the l=year
period. Cements having MgO contents
of less than 5 per cent and correspondingly low autoclave expansions did not
show the falling off in mortar strength
that was characteristic
of the cements
high in MgO content and having high
autoclave expansions.
Slrengths oj 1-2 Mortars for Cements
oj Varied MgO and Free Call Contents
Series 260. Flexural strengths of 2 by 2
by 9~-in. 12 mortar bars and compressive strengths of 2-in. modified cubes at
ages of 28 days and 10 years from Tables
3 and 4 are plotted in Fig. 28 and 29.
AND
Fig. 28 shows relation~hips between

free CaO content of cement and the
flexural and compressive strengths of 1-2
mortar bars for the 5 groups of cements
represented in Fig. 6, In Fig. 29 flexural
dnd compressive strengths are plotted
against MgO content for the 4 groups of
cements shown in Fig. 9. To facilitate
comparisons between strength and length
change characteristics
of the cements,
curves showing autoclave expansions and
length changes of mortar bars during
storage in air or in water are shown by
dashed lines in each diagram of Fig. 28
and 29.
Flexural Strength
(Fig. 28)
vs. Free CaO Content
At the age of 28 days the flexural

strengths of the mortar bars stored continuously in water and tested wet showed
a tendency to decrease with free CaO
content, particularly
when it was over
about 1,5 per cent. At the age of 10
years, however, they generally showed
no such tendency .and the flexural
strengths in each group of cements were
in general approximately
the same regardless of either the free CaO content
or the MgO content of the cements,
The 28-day flexural strengths of the
specimens stored continuously in air after
7 days moist curing and tested dry apparently were little influenced by the
free CaO content of the cement, but at
the age of 10 years, in all 5 groups of
cements, they increased with increase in
free CaO content of the cement even
though specimens made from some of
the cements of highest free CaO content
showed high expansions in the autoclave
test and also during 10 years storage in
water. In each group of cements the
flexural strength at 10 years of the airstored bars made with the cement of
E-
00
-+
m
ti<
2
+-l
L
Pi
O&
m
89
llz3Ela.
(n
..
u!513 z-I
90
JO WhJaJK
leJnxw
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
highest free CaO content was as high or

higher than the strength at 10 years of
companion bars stored in water.
Compressive Strength vs. Free CaO Content (Fig. 28)
The 28-day compressive strengths of
specimens
siored in zoaier decreased
slightly with increase in free CaO content, but at 10 years the strengths were
in general approximately
the same in
each group of cements regardless of the
free CaO content of the cement.
The 28 day compressive strengths of
specimens stored in air, after 7 days of
moist curing, tended to decrease with
increase in free CaO content. At the age
of 10 years, however, no such tendency
was apparent, neither was there evident
any tendency toward increased compressive strength with increase in free CaO
such as occurred at the age of 10 years
in the case of the flexural strengths of
mortar bars stored in air.
Within the limits of free CaO contents
observed in the cements used in these
tests,
the flexural
and compressive
strengths of the 12 mortars, after 10
years storage in water or in air do not
seem to have been impaired even though
the autoclave expansions of some of the
cements were in excess of 10 per cent.
Flexural Stren@~ ~vs. iklgO Content (Fig.
,.
29)
At the age of 28 days the mortar bars
stored continuously in water and tested
wet showed no tendency toward reduction in flexural strength with increase in
MgO content regardless of the magnitude
of the autoclave expansion or the free
CaO content of the cements.
At the age of 10 years the flexural
strengths of the mortars stored in water
showed little or no tendency to decrease
as the MgO content was increased from
1 to 6 or 7 per cent even though the free
CaO content and the autoclave expansions increased; for the cements of high1
CHARACTERISTICS
91
estMgO content (about 11 per cent), the

strengths were somewhat less than those
for the cements of lower MgO contents.
At the age of 28 days the strengths of
specimens stored in air and tested dry
increased with increase in MgO content.
At 10 years the air-stored
specimens
flexural
lower
somewhat
showed
strengths for cements with MgO contents
over about 5 per cent, particularly when
the free CaO content was over about
one per cent and the autoclave expansion
was high. This behavior is diilerent from
that brought out above in the discussion
of Fig. 28 where the flexural strengths at
10 years of the air-stored specimens, for
a given MgO content, increased significantly with free CaO content.
Con@ressive Strength
(Fig. 29)
Vs. iWgO Content
The 28-day compressive strengths of

specimens stored in water do not appear
to have been affected by either the free
CaO or MgO contents of the cements.
At the age of 10 years, however, the
compressive strengths tended to decrease
slightly with increase in the MgO and
free CaO contents of the cements.
Considering the high expansions shown
by some of the mortar bars during 10
years storage in water, and the high
autoclave expansions of the cements from
which they were made, it is rather surprising
that
greater
reductions
in
strength were not encountered. The results presented in Fig. 28 and 29 indicate
that while the autoclave expansion bears
some relation to the expansion characteristics of cement, it bears no relation to
its strength properties.
Strength Vs. Autoclave Expansion for
Cements Prepared jrom Heat-Treated
Commercial ClinkersSeries
270, The
flexural and compressive. strengths of 1-2
mortar bars made with the reheated and
variously cooled commercial clinkers reported in Table I of the Appendix
were studied to see if the bars made with
::
22
19
3
4
9
:
18
14
A
16
0.8
6.2128.1 3.4118.:
12
7.825.513.01
3.316.815.4:
7.228.312.4
7.624 .715.0
9.227.41 8.9,
8.625.711.7
2.3,23.4] 9.7
!
5.230.011.0 8.1
3.224.3 1.8 21.;
0.834 .311.8 6.1
4.5,28.910.1 9.[
D.O25.010.9 8.i
6.327 .811.7 7.$
7.5127.419.7 8.t
;::
1.1
;:;
2.4
1.9
2.2
0.7
2.6
;::
2.1
:::
;:;
;::
2.5
9.037.9 8.71 8.i

0.827 .611.9 7.<
3.619 .415.0 9.1
8.817 .811.1 9.!
3.027.2 1.5 13.(
2.919.2 6.217.:
10
17
21
6
5
2
1.0
1,9
;:
Plant
Clinke]
Ratio
$:W:
2.2116.11 4.415.4
6.1,14.7113.4,11.[
Clirokel
Calculated Compound Comp~

sition of Plant
Clinkers-%
:::
4.4
4.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
::!
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.9
2.4
:::
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
0.8
1.0
II
.160.380.31
.30 4.20;1.61
.100.800 .85
.11 1.31il.44
.060.41 0.6C
.00 .310.21
,040.57 0.4C
.00;0.0310M
.37 1.211.5<
.87 2. Olil.64
.00 0.400.31
.020.41;0.5:
.070.61,0.7$
.130.810.5(
.040.88O.n
.1812.0611.9(
.210.400 .5:
.05,0.380.3c
.00,0.36O.ti
.040.330.4:
.060.77,0.8:
I
1
SPQ
Free CaO
%
::1::1::
.311
s
.
SPQ
::1:::1:;
II
.05(
26
22
14
16
15
11
11
1!
650158016@l10.6
7401800170010.8
6401630 1640]11.0
780 1630180fJll.3
7101610 1630!11.5
7201740,157012.5
840117001176012.8
.64015801600
5.7
3.8
.84017401740 ).4
;: .68016601660 5.2
12 6601670 1660! ).9
18 .72016801760,10.8
;5 .780117Ni1770 9.5
21
SPQ
.
SPQ
Neat Cement
_____________
,
.
.371 .148 465 465 485 325 305

I
495 615 570 540
325 435 485 475 4;;
325 440, 49.5255 345
375 45s 425 410 455
4s5 440 455 490 .595
545
585 710 SOS .53.5
PQ
.
SPQ
.
..
SPQ
1-3 Std. Sand Mortar
per sq. in.
.660
0.4
.416
.655
.258
3.4
.836
.170
.552
.198
.298
.108
.248
.113
305 390
475 500
330 460
435 520
480 590
290395
355 490
410
470
420
485
520
405
470
130 120
17 285 3600.060.7310.881
3300.040.120,70 135 110
17
3:; 3300.210.820.79 125 120
1.55
z 345 5000.130.661.03
31 445 5700.060.75:1.10 :% 170
73 200 3850.250.510.95 115
0 355 5550.000.7211.18150 1::
65i10Mt1210.59
601.0C0.2810.33
22 2901.571.8612.15
175 2101.071.671.50
255 285!1.26 1.42;1.78
205 2051.371.5811.52
190
120 165
105 195
130j 135
MOl 165
150 155
100 105
165 150
135
195
155
145
130
135
185
190.540.150.12
800.87~0.~~0.48
2551.00 1.33~L64
185:1.00 1.381.54
1301.00 1.160.93
2001.00 1.521.67
225,0.70 1.00;1.00
175 205jl.27 1.4611.71
32 801.44 0.290.76
1852.08 1.381.42
500.83 0.940.31
1:
200 2150.78 1.181.43
115 17s 0.91 1.351.75
200 20511.W 1.211.24
1%
180
165
185
160
215
185 205 1851.321.5811.76
180 ml
135
140 155
1601 220
135 205
110 185
195 205 135 195 190, 160,1.00,0.931.19
1751 145
140 140
14.s 105
175 180;
150, 130
175 170
.004 .038 405 420 365 415 435 45511.021.0411.25 140 130 105
I
165
3.2 10.6
47.5 695 660 22s 205 10O.47~0.30O.02 250
;:; ; 160 165
1.260 .270 425 540 495 180 250 4850.420.460.98
135 155
.313 .098 325 465 530 27 535 6150.08 1.15 1.16
450
.958 .140 335
315 4350.19 0.720.97 145 120 120
435 :: 435 3750.07 0.810.86 130 160 140
.146 .167 350 :;
.984 .136 350 455 480 39 325 6450.11 0.71,1.34 135/ 105 120
.332 .132 475 560 480 64 500 690,0.13 0.89,1.44 2651 215 225
751.090.321.31
4501.460.990.93
4400.78,0.780.89
375,1.09,1.000.88
6301.081.351.38
49510.92,0.77,0.98
455,0.70,0.66,0.94
__
Briquet Strength-lb.
1!
Ill
11111111
II
,7601174011610
-.00( -.022 .036 480 4651 415 485 460 4301.010.951.04 18.5 185 150 245 2751 21511.321.491.44
SPQ
during
Surface Area Expansion
5h. in Autoclave
;q. cm. per g. (3h.
at 420F.) ~.
.15[ 2.0 8.9

12 !840 16601740
.301 .096 .042
.84( .374 .038
.62017201730
11 .68018201720
.11: .084 .042
179017201660
-.00( -.003 .003
21 L6601164011560 .02: .142 .116
10
1:
Ap rox.
G~ass
Content 70
TABLE 18.STRENGTH TESTS 03? NEAT CEMENT AND 1-3 STANDARD SAND MORTAR 14RIQUETS BEFORE AND AFTER AUTOCLAVING-SERIES
270
Values of expansion during 5 hr. in autoclave are the average of 2 tests on 1 by 1 by llti-in. neat bars of ASTM normal consistency made on different days.
Neat cement and 1-3 standard sand mortar briquets were made in accordance with ASTM C77-37 Standard Methods Of Sampling and Testing Portland Cement. Briquets were cured in moist
closet until time of test at 24 hr. Six briquets for each mix were made from the same batch on same day. At age Of 24 hr. three briquets were tested for strength and three were autochtved in the
usual manner (3 br. at max. temp. of 420F.), and tested for strength at age of 30 hr.
S = Reheated and slowly-cooled clinker, P = Plant-cooled clinker, and Q = Reheated and quickly-cooled clinker.
Clinkers arranged in ascending order of MgO content.
All cements were sound when tested in accordance with ASTM C189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test).
HYDRATION
EXP.4NSION
CHARACTERISTICS
the strengths at various ages of test and

autoclave expansion. In some cases the
strengths for cements of high autoclave
expansion were lower at the various ages
of test than those of the companion ce/
the cement from a given clinker having

a high autoclave expansion developed
lower strengths than cement from the
same clinker having a low autoclave expansion. No relation was found between
NEAT
CEMENT
93
I-3
BRIQUETS
MORTAR
BRIQUETS
1.60
0
MOr
0
c
c
I ,
1.201I ,00
l.oo~I0 .,
e O>.!...
~-
0 _i-
-_:>
,-0
\.
.60
0
----
b)
I
,---
Slowly-Cooled Clinkers
-+
.60.
.,,
; ,\
.40
\
\l
, 1 .,
.20
i ;
I I
-0.
0
0 0
I( I
J I
Ill
I I II ,
1,
1.80
I
II
I
. .Ce4en?s from Lab-prepared
L60
,.
1.40.4 0,
Iw--l
101
IH III
00
b3
$~,,:
-.,
.60
I II
-EIII
1.00:
~b
.60 ~,
[
Clinkers, SerieS -260
e. !.,.!-,-4.
I.illl
,t
Ii
Ill I d
.
,
\
.- 0---- ._
I
, ~\p
0
..
---- ----
0
.
<,
.40
I
---~
Clin&s
.20
- -- - :
~--0
.. .
Expanslcm
During S-he
in Autoclave
.
-..
.
+.
per cent
Fig. 30.Comparison of strength, ratios of neat cement and 1-3 mortar briquets with the expansions of 1 by 1 by 11~-in. neat cement bars in the autoclave test (ASTM C-151).
DatafromTables2,3,4 and 17.
94
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
ments from the same clinker but this

,was due to the higher water requirement
to obtain a given consistency in the mortar and not to the high autoclave expansion,
Tests of Neat Cement and 1-3 Standard
Sand Briqueh Before and Afier AutocZaving-Series
260 and 270. In the specifications of the D. L. and W. R. R, for the
autoclave test, as prepared by H. J.
Force, Chemist and Engineer of Tests,
and described on page 5 of this paper, an
autoclave test on neat cement briquets
in addition to an autoclave test on a neat
1 by 1 by 6-in. bar was required. After
the autoclave test the briquets were required
to show an average
tensile
strength of not less than 500 psi. and
an increase of not less than 25 per cent
over the average tensile strength of 3
briquets tested at the age of 24 hours.
In Table 18 are presented the results
of strength tests of neat cement and 13
standard
Ottawa sand briquets before
and after autoclaving. The cements used
for these tests were prepared from commercial clinkers (Series 270), one portion
of which was ground in the laboratory
without reheating, another portion was
reheated and cooled slowly, and a third
por}ion was reheated and cooled quickly
before grinding into cement. Half of the
neat cement and 13 standard sand mortar briquets made from the cements were
tested at age of 1 day without subjecting
them to the autoclave test and half were
autoclave
in the usual manner and
tested at the age of 30 hours.
The ratios of the strengths of the briquets after autoclaving to the strengths
before autoclaving
from Table 18, are
plotted against the autoclave expansions
of neat cement bars made from the various cements in Fig. 30. Also plotted in
this figure are similar data for laboratoryprepared cements from quickly-cooled
clinker (Tables 2, 3 and 4). It will be
noted from the diagrams at the left in
this figure that although there is considerable scattering of the plotted points,
AND
i. M.
WHITESIDE
there is a trend toward lower strength

ratios for the neat cement briquets as
the autoclave expansion of the cement
increased, regardless of the manner in
which the clinker was cooled. For autoclave expansions of one per cent or less,
the strength ratios for the neat briquets
were always in excess of about 0.60,
When the autoclave expansion was more
than one per cent, the strength ratios of
the neat cement briquets were never
more than 0.50. Somewhat similar results
are shown in Fig. 1 of the Report of the
Working Committee on Volume Change
and Soundness of ASTM Committee C-1,
ASTM Proceedings, 1940 (25).
Of the cements prepared from the reheated commercial clinkers of Series 270
(shown by the open circles in Fig. 30),
none from slowly-cooled clinker, only one
cement from plant-cooled
clinker, and
only three cements from the quicklycooled clinker would have met the
strength requirements of the D. L. and
W. R.R. specifications cited above, although many of them would have met
the requirements for expansion during 3
hours in the autoclave (one hour at maximum temperature of 420F.).
The strength ratios for the 1-3 standard Ottawa sand briquets vary even more
widely than those for the neat cement
briquets, for the different methods of
cooling as well as for a given method of
cooling. For slow cooling the strength
ratios remained relatively high with increase in autoclave expansion whereas
for plant and quick cooling the strength
ratios generally showed the same substantial reductions that occurred with
the neat briquets.
Strength ratios of neat cement briquets appear to bear only a general relation and strength ratios of 1-3 mortar
briquets bear little relation to the expansions which occur during the standard
ASTM autoclave test and hence are of
doubtful value as criteria of the soundness of cement.
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
95
CONCLUSIONS
The major conclusions from these studies are as follows:

(1) The primary causes of unsoundness of portland cement are the
free CaO and crystalline MgO
contents of the cement,
(2) The pat test for soundness usually detects
the unsoundness
caused by free CaO but it does
not detect unsoundness
caused
by crystalline MgO,
(3) The autoclave test reflects the
expansion caused by MgO, free
CaO, or crystalline CSA, or any
combination thereof.
(4) Rapid cooling of clinker reduces
the autoclave expansion caused
by MgO or CSA, but does not
reduce the expansion caused by
free CaO.
(5) Cements containing as much as
5.0 per cent MgO, the maximum
ASTM limit, or as much as 16
per cent CSA, the highest C8A
content of the commercial cements used in these tests, can be
produced readily to meet the 0,50
per cent maximum autoclave expansion
permitted
by current
ASTM specifications,
provided
the clinker is quickly cooled and
the free CaO is kept low.
(6) Expansion in the autoclave test
caused by free CaO decreased
rather rapidly during exposure of
the cement to air, but that caused
by MgO did not decrease by any
significant amount under similar
conditions.,
(7) The autoclave expansion was reduced by increasing the period of
moist curing prior to making the
test.
(8) The autoclave
expansion
decreased as the fineness of the cement increased.
(9) There is, in general, a rather defi-
nite relationship between expansion in the autoclave test and the

expansion of neat cement pastes,
mortars and concretes during water storage. This relationship indicates that the characteristics of
the cement that cause expansion
in the autoclave
test usually
cause expansion of pastes, mortars and concretes during continuous exposure to moisture,
(10) The expansion of neat cement
pastes, mortars and concretes in
continuous
moist
storage
increased with increasing free CaO
or MgO content but did not increase with increasing crystalline
CSA content,
(11) Although with slow cooling of
clinker (when the MgO content
was between about 3 and 5 per
cent and the free CaO was low),
the autoclave expansions of the
cements produced were markedly
higher than those of cements from
quickly-cooled clinker of the same
chemical composition, the expansions of neat cement and mortar
specimens
during
continuous
storage in water for 10 years were
about the same as for quick cool-
ing. However, it is possible that
the continued hydration of the
relatively large crystals of MgO
produced by the slow cooling,
may result in higher expansions
at some later time.
(12) The contraction of neat cement
specimens in air storage decreased
with increasing free CaO content,
and with high free CaO contents
these bars expanded during continued air storage, the expansions
sometimes becoming higher+ than
that of companion specimens in
continuous
water storage. The
contraction
of mortar specimens
:i
H. F.
Yb
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M,
WHITESIDE
(14) Although there is, in general, a

rather definite relationship
between the expansion in the autoclave test and the expansion during water storage, . the results
indicate that the expansion characteristics of cement bear no relationship to their strength properties.
in air storage also decreased with

increasing free CaO content but
did not show any evidence of
subsequent expansion with continued air storage.
(13) The contraction of both neat cement and mortar specimens in
air storage decreased slightly with
increasing MgO content.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to express their appreciation to Messrs. J.- A. Erickson,
T. G. Taylor, A. G. Timms and N. H.
Withey, formerly Research Engineers on
staff, who initiated and assisted in some of the test
series reported in this paper; to Mr.
Joseph Prusa, Laboratory Foreman who
supervised the fabrication and testing of
the thousands of neat cement and mortar

bars; to Mr. C. L. Ford, Chief of the
Analytical Laboratories, who supervised
the chemical analyses of many of the
cements; and to Miss Helen Doyle and
Miss Gertrude Bendt of the Laboratory
staff who rendered valuable assistance
in the preparation
and checking of the
numerous tables in the report,
REFERENCES
(1
Tabular
Review
of the Portland
Cement
Standards
of the World,
Cembureau,
Cement
Statistical
and Technical
Bureau,
Malmo, Sweden: also Cement and Lime

Manufacture; published by Concrete Publications Ltd. 14, Dartmouth St., London,
(8)
S.w.L
(2)W. P, Taylor, Practical Cement Testing,
hf. C. Clark Publishing Company, New

York City, 1906.
(3)Herbert Insley and Howard F. McMurdie,
Minor Constituents in Portland Cement
Clinker. J1. Research, National Bureau
Standards, v. 20 (2), p, 173-184, 1938.
(4)R. H. Bogue, Constitution of Portland
Cement C1inkers. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements,
Stockholm, 1938, p. 59-98; also PCA Fellowship Paper No. 38.
(5)F. M, Lea and C. H. Desch, The Chemistry of cement and Concrete, Edward
Arnold and Co., London (1940).
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(6)Wm. Lerch, The Influence of Gypsum
on the Hydration and Properties of Portland Cement Pastes, Proceedings, American Society for Testing Materials, v. 46
(1946); also Bulletin 12 Research Laborrttories, Portland Cement Association.
(7)H. S. Meissner (Chairman)The Optimum Gypsum Content of Portland Ce-
( 13)
ment; Report by Committee C-1 on Cement Through Its Working Committee

on SOa, ASTM Bulletin October 1950,
p. 39.
L. Erdmenger, Prufung des Cements
mittelst Hochdruckdampf (Patent Michaelis), Tonindustrie Zeitung, No. 24, p. 201202, No. 25, p, 210, No, 26, p. 221 and No.
27, p, 228-229, 1881.
H. J. Force, Autoclave Boiling Test for
Cement, Engineering News, vol. 56, p.
1111, 1912.
H. J, Force, Results Obtained with Autoclave Tests for Cement, Proceedings,
American Society for Testing Materials,
vol. 13, p. 740 (1913); also v. 14, p, 246,
1914; Eng. News, v. 72, p. 104, 1914.
R. J, Wig and H, A. Davis, Value of the
High Pressure Steam Test of Portland
Cements, National Bureau of Standards
Technologic Paper No. 47 (1915).
R. N, Young, ~~The Autoclave Test and
Interpretations, J]. Am. Concrete Inst.,
Sept.-Ott., 1937.
L. S. Brown and M. A, %ayze, Autoclave Tests and Microscopic Studies of
Free Lime and hlagnesia in Portland Cement. From a discussion presented at the
Spring hfeeting of the Portland Cement
Association, May 18, 1937, New York
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
City. (Autoclave Tests and the Microscope, by L. S. Brown and M. .k. Swayze,
Rock Products, v. 41, No. 6, p. 65-69,
(1938).
( 14) Standard Method of Test for Autoclave
Expansion of Portland Cement, American
Society for Testing Materials Designation
C151; published as a Tentatiye Method
in 1940 and adopted by the Society as a
Standard Method in 1943.
(15) J. J. Fox, The Autoclave.4 New Sounclness Test for Cement, Pit and Quarry,
July, 1937, p. 77.
( 16) H. H, Vaughan, Magnesia and the Autoclave Test , Pamphlet published in 1938
by H. H. Vaughan, M. E.I.E., 1111 Beaver
Hall Hill, Montreal, P. Q., CANADA
(Expansion in the Autoclave Caused by
Magnesia, H. H. Vaughan, Rock Products, V. 43, NO. 4, p. 48, 1940).
(17) R. H. Bogue, studies on the Volume Stability of Portland Cement Pastes, PCA
Fellowship Paper No, 55; printed in December 1949,
(18) Report of Working Committee on Volume
Change and Soundness, ASTM Committee
C-1, 1936; Proceedings of the ASTM, v, 36,
Part I, p. 225.
Change and Soundness, ASTM Committee
C-1, 1938; Proceedings of the ASTM, v. 38,
Part I, p. 280.
(20)H. F. Gonnerman and Wm. Lerch,
CH.4R.4CTER1STICS
97
Changes in Characteristics of Portland

Cement as Exhibited by Laboratory Tests
Over the Period 1904 to 1950, American
Society for Testing Materials Special Publication No, 127, January 1952. (Bulletin
39, Research Department, Research and
Development Laboratories of the Portland
Cement Association).
(2,1) Wm. Lerch and C, L. Ford, Chapter 3,
Long-Time Study of Cement Performance in Concrete, Journal of American
Concrete Institute, Feb.-May 1948; Proceedings of the ACI, v. 44, 1948. (Bulletin
26, Research Department, Research and
Development Laboratories of the Portland
Cement Association).
(22) A. H. White, Volume Changes of Portland Cement as Affected by Chemical
Composition and Aging, Proceedings of
the ASTM, v. 28, Part II, 1928, p. 398.
(23)Wm. Lerch and W. C. Taylor, Some Effects of Heat Treatment of Portland Cement Clinker, Concrete, v. 45, No. 7,
1937, p. 199. Paper No. 33, Portland Cement Association Fellowship; July 1937.
(24) A. H. White and H. S. Kemp, Long-Time
Volume Changes of Portland Cement
Bar~,t~
ASTNI, v. 42) PC 727}
Proceedings
1942.
Change and Soundness,ASTM Committee
C-1; Proceedings ASTM, v, 40, 1940, p.
241.
APPENDIX
B.
c.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
0.
P.
s.
T.
u.
v.
LIST
TABLES IN APPENDIX
OF
Chemical Analyses and Miscellaneous Data of 34 High Early Strength

Cements (Series 255) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 100
Length Changes of34 High Early Strength Cements (Series 255)... . . . . . 101
Strength Tests of High Early Strength Cements (Series 255) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Composition of Clinkers, Temperature
of Burning, and Specific Surface
of Cements (Series 260Fellowship Investigation
K-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Length Changes of Neat Bars and Mortar Prisms (Series 260, Fellowship
K-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..w~~t
Strength Tests of Prisms (Series 260, Fellowship K-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Composition of Heat-Treated
Commercial Clinkers (Series 270, Fellowship K-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Length Changes of Neat Bars and Mortar Prisms (Series 270, Fellowship
K-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..wa~t
Strength Tests of Mortar Prisms (Series 270, Fellowship K-4)., . . . . . . . . . ~~,t
Chemical Analyses of Cements uncooperative
Autoclave Testsof Portland
Cements (Series 271) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Length Changes of lx lxll~-in.
Neat Bars (Series 271) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Cooperative Tests for Grindability and Clinker Properties of Quickly and
Slowly Cooled Grab Samples from a Commercial Kiln, Plant A (Series
120
276) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slowly Cooled Grab Samples from a Commercial Kiln, P1antB (Series
276) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Slowly Cooled Grab Samples, from a Commercial Kiln, Plant C (Series
276) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Composition and Burning Temperature
of Clinkers (Series 277, Fellowship K-5) . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Length Changes of Prisms (Series 277). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Strength Tests of Mortar Prisms (Series 277). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Results of Autoclave and Length Change Tests of418 Commercial Portland Cements (Series 263) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Summary of Oxide Analyses and Computed Potential Compound Compositions of 418 Commercial Portland Cements (Series 263). . . . . . . . . . 144
Results of Autoclave and Length Change Tests of 418 Commercial Portlancl Cements (Series 263) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Summary of Oxide Analyses and Calculated Potential Compound Composition of 418 Commercial Portland Cements (Series 263) . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Oxide Analyses and Calculated Potential
Compound
Compositions
of
Miscellaneous Commercial Cements (Series 263) . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
99
Q.
R.
A TO V INCLUSIVE
Page
Table
A.
TABLES
19.56
20.12
19.49
19.98
19.93
21.63
20.42
20.69
19.43
19..54
12S46
12560
12558
12584
12566
12547
12539
12569
12567
12544
12579
12561
12537
12572
12559
1255S
12593
12557
12576
12578
12570
12581
12543
12545
9
8
6
16
14
31
18
;
20
19
4
27
17
1
22
15
12
33
21
29
3
5
>:
26
19.34
18.42
18.72
17.98
18.84
19.64
20.26
19.59
20.27
20.00
19.78
19.97
20.s3
19.05
20.81
20.67
18.65
19.s1
19.26
34
2.38
2.47
2.21
2.80
2.75
3.00
3.17
2.38
2.92
3.2S
2.86
2.01
2.12
3.45
3.02
2.54
1.98
3.29
2.79
2.19
2.80
4.23
3.9.4
2.82
2.17
3.36
3.61
2.05
3.61
2.06
S.07
2.99
1.9.5
3.00
1.79
0.77
1.12
2.06
0.82
3.17
3.32
3.56
3.72
66.12
65.29
63.51
62.88
62.67
6.3.20
63.61
64.48
65.44
64.75
43.39
64.79
63.19
64.s0
64.02
63.82
6S.57
63.81
64.92
65.98
64.21
64.34
63.62
64.56
5.16
5..32
6.01
5.46
6.37
4.06
6.57
5.19
5.07
S.33
6.30
S.33
5.61
5.97
S.99
6.31
6.56
6.72
5.38
6.34
S.70
6.68
6.56
5.64
2.29
3.43
3.97
2.58
3.00
3.96
2.75
3.42
2.86
2.88
2.08
2.20
1.60
1.76
2.77
1.21
1.19
0.97
0.99
2.22
65.35
66.06
65.34
67.15
63.53
6.S4
4.50
6.96
6.02
6.09
1.53
1.24
1.47
2.13
1.73
, ..66 23
63.54
63.34
65.95
64.67
4.50
S.39
6.25
4.21
5.61
L1203
Major Constiturmts~O
Si02 FezO:
12S99
12551
12582
12549
12548
21.84
19.59
20.10
21.48
20.36
Lot
No.
12580
12573
12554
12588
12577
_ .
28
23
11
32
25
cc
men
No
2.37
2.S5
2.37
1.77
2.33
2.87
2.54
2.30
2.12
2.38
2.39
2.32
2.32
2.16
2.32
2.42
2.33
2.00
2.42
2.25
1.82
2.60
2.69
2.54
2.34
2.23
2.39
2.16
2.25
2.08
2.23
2.47
2.1s
2.18
so,
.42
.3s
.37
.20
.20
.1s
.21
.44
. 1s
.43
.27
.30
.20
.47
.27
.23
.27
.24
.18
.27
.47
.31
1.17
.45
.16
.33
.28
.23
.31
.22
.15
.26
.19
.21
Wa2C
.25
.26
.40
.35
.35
.23
.32
.34
.31
.30
.22
.45
.24
.32
.34
.3s
.31
.24
.33
.35
.33
.43
.42
.30
.33
.34
.31
.27
.30
.64
.25
.56
.07
.63
.41
.45
.33
.12
,43
.64
.32
.31
.40
.41
.92
.31
.69
.4s
.67
.77
.49
.57
.60
. 2s
.31
.33
.22
.26
.24
.52
.38
.26
.70
-05
..55
.41
.15
.29
3C20 Ti02
.05
.29
.25
.60
---
:E
.07
.18
.10
.17
.12
. 2s
.1s
.11
.12
.07
.11
.09
.08
.27
.10
.16
.12
.28
.15
.15
.22
.09
.09
.07
.18
.11
.08
.05
.03
.05
.03
.24
.05
.04
.19
.05
.12
.07
.06
.05
.05
.02
.02
.07
.04
.05
.18
.04
.05
.09
.16
.26
.38
.09
.08
.14
.04
.33
.11
.17
.06
.o-t
P,06 FeO
.07
.09
.11
.08
.0s
.21
.03
.08
.fJ8
.25
.12
.f2
.05
.14
.11
.08
.0s
.18
.05
::
.08
.08
.10
.08
.09
.29
.05
.07
.18
.21
.18
.06
.09
hInO
2.11
0.87
2.11
6.00
1.06
1.99
1.93
3.16
1.80
1.60
0.44
0.92
0.85
2.44
0.40
0.s3
1.32
2.66
1.08
0.95
1.18
1.23
1.58
0.86
0.42
0.92
0.3s
1.67
0.80
0.19
1.83
1.03
1.06
0.72
- ..
.21
.16
.14
.13
.13
.14
.09
.32
.16
.08
.21
.21
.12
.06
.10
.13
.14
.12
1.09
.24
.28
.06
.10
.09
.23
.67
.22
.14
.21
.21
Ins.
Res.
1.45
1.87
2.12
1.66
1.36
1.34
0.80
2.37
1.33
1.61
1.11
1.13
1.33
1.43
1.35
1.16
1.56
1.77
1.82
1.80
1.28
1.11
1.15
1.43
1.85
1.24
2.02
2.28
1.64
1.53
Loss
lL~nt.
.15
1.42
.10
1.33
.19 2.09
.11 , 2.47
6.48
__.. ...-
2.23
1.70
2.46
0.95
2.65
1.50
3.20
1.83
1.38
0.29
1.s0
0.78
2.12
1.02
1.10
0.90
2.01
1.37
1.48
0.63
0.94
1.93
0.69
0.62
0.73
0.S8
1.62
1.s3
0.61
1.76
1.09
0.97
0.58
Free CaO
Minor Constitrrcnts--V,
1.5
10.1
17.0
21.3
22.4
11.1
13.5
13.6
10.2
2;::
19.4
11.3
57.3 12.2
62.7 S.s
54.1 12.9
m :: 1{1.2
21.6
48.4
59.1
45.7
51.3
59.5
11.2
9.3
11.5
12.2
10.0
5.6
13.1
10.4
10.0
9,4
8.8
7.8
12.1
13.7
6.2
12.3
12.5
10.0
8.4
5.7
11.5
7.9
9.8
12.1
12.3
12.4
10.2
11.9
22.8
7.8
16.2
18.7
13..5
45.7
64.9
54.5
53.3
54.5
53.0 22.0
46.9 23.2
55.5 17.5
63.4 7.9
64.0 7.8
72.4
63.1
.51.5
41.7
46.0
52.4 20.1
66.6 9.0
64.0 5.2
68.7 4.1
56.5 12.6
63.7 14.6
52.5 16.6
47.6 21.8
63.7 13.6
57.4 15.1
C,A
7.2
7.s
6.7
8.5
::;
9.6
7.2
8.9
9.9
8.7
6.1
6.4
10.5
::;
10.0
8.5
9.2
1:::
12.0
8.6
6.7
1!::
1$;
11.0
6.3
15.4
9.1
5.9
9.1
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.0
1.72
4.0
4.9
4.3
3.9
3.6
;::
3.7
i:!
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.8
3.1
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.8
3.s
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.17
3.32
3.56
1.79
D.77
1.12
2.06
0.82
2.29
3.43
3.97
2.S8
3.00
3.96
2.75
3.42
2.86
2.88
2.08
2.20
1.60
1.76
2.77
1.21
1.19
0.97
0.99
2.22
.
1.53
1.24
1.47
2.13
1.73
C4AF MgCl CaS04
Compound Cornposition-%
Cas CA
Potential
,/4.0
25.0
24.S
27..5
23.5
25.5
24.5
29. S
26.0
24.S
23.5
24.S
25.0
28.5
2.5.0
29.0
27.5
23.5
25.5
24.5
24.0
26.5
24.0
26.0
27.0
24.5
24.5
25.0
27.o
23.5
27.0
26.0
25.0
25.0
2390
23.55
2.W)
.Zoxl
2410
2695
2540
2600
2295
2635
2480
2775
241s
2940
2100
2740
2775
2415
2620
1950
2465
2560
2530
2580
2805
23oO
2400
2340
249S
2720
2510
2685
271S
2265
Surf.
Area
sq. cm
per g.
TABLE A.CHEMICAL ANALYSZ3 AND MISCELLANEOUS DATA 01734 HIGH EARLY STRENGrH
CEMENTS-SERIES
255
The 34 cements represented in these tests were supp:erl [or t~e cooperative tests of the Sprmsoring Committee on High Early Strength Cements of A.S.T.M. Committee C-1. rwo bags
of each cement were furnished in cloth or pa er sacks tcxether with a 25-llJ.sample for special tests, the katter beirr~ shipped in most cases in sealed metal containers.
The chcmica] analyses reported in this ta EIe were made by the usual P.C.A. mcLhods nn the ccrncnt shipped in cloth or pq)er bags since this was used in the strength and miscellaneous
tests rcpnrted to the Sponsoring Committee.
Free lime determinations were made on both the cement shipped in cloth or paper frogs (Column A) and that shipped in the scaled metal container< (Column B). The length change
specimens were made from the ccmcnt shif~ ed in the metal containers.
In the chemical analyses each value is t F
]e average of 2 to 4 determinations.
In computing the potential CiS and CzS compounds allowance was made for free CaO (Column A).
\\ater for normal consistency determined in accordance with A.S.T.M. C77-32.
Surface areas determined with Wagner turbidimeter in accordance with .4.S.T.M. Cl 15-34T.
.311
.373
.355
.291
.347
.340
.284
.314
.342
.331
.350
.299
.306
.334
.344
.346
.297
.327
.159
.296
.330
.335
.274
.325
.328
.277
.301
.311
.309
.335
.281
.293
.309
.320
.339
.290
.310
.157
.230
.265
. 2W
.224
.268
.258
.211
.255
.247
.310
.257
.224
.241
.256
.262
12547
12539
12569
12567
12544
12579
12561
12537
12572
12559
12555
12593
12557
12576
12578
1:
14
2:
19
4
27
17
1
22
15
.329
.284
.314
.118
.345
.304
.314
.351
.340
.342
.278
.310
.354
.329
.316
.398
.364
.292
.360
.357
.435
.332
.367
.417
.365
.314
.288
.313
.358
.350
.351
.336
.355
.370
2y.
.020
.028
.014
.075
.020
.345
.236
.306
.331
.239
.238
.318
.265
.341
.286
.
.299
.335
.310
.222
.235
.303
.248
.312
.271
.
.271
.314
.290
.219
.244
.304
.272
.286
.263
.280
.284
.299
.279
.224
.237
+.080
.041
.022
.024
.032
.056
.274
.264
.363
.332
.232
.300
.261
.381
.322
.238
.303
.152
.115
.180
.286
.064 .124
.326
.301
.249
.029 .089
.228
.241
.080 .155
.219
t.197 +. 193 .137 .238
1
.031 .077
.299/ .314
.113
.093
.107
.092
.119
.097
.094
.124
.102
.115
.070
.072
.057
.134
.065
.095
.075
.086
.078
.104
.079
.083
.107
.084
.095
.098
.092
.053
.098
.105
.057
.081
.032
.057
,095
.065
.057
.056
.080
.057
ly.
.059
.063
.049
.124
.057
.029
.034
.051
.039
.031
.376
.414
.087
.079
.043
.086
.089
.033
.028
.009
.039
.035
.358
.378
.049
.071
.024
.049
.083
.013
.028
..005
.011
.035
6m.
.
.027 .058
.028 .054
.014 .049
.028 .070
.019 .0.55
!8d.
.343
.407
.364
.290
.267
.288
.386
.355
.
lsy.
.319
.393
.352
.278
.255
.277
.3.54
.338
.
.317
.326
loy.
.3o2
.395
.285
.342
.341
.366
.264
.245
.269
.311
.312
.314
Broken
.326
5y.
.190
.1481
.223
.336
.092
.090
.074
.157
.087
.143
.124
.138
.116
.146
.130
.116
.154
.128
.144
,123
.113
.074
,130
.136
,075
,097
.048
.076
.116
,083
,077
,075
,100
074
2y.
.261
.221
.291
.426
.145
.129
.116
.196
.132
.202
.183
.207
.172
.190
.187
.166
.211
.174
.211
.178
.164
.118
.182
.200
.120
.142
.089
.122
.165
24b. 24h.
.
.
.011 -.034
.009 -.009
.007 .004
.004 .004
.001 .oO8
.196
.177
.150
.264
.172
.259
.2501
.273
.228
.245
:%
.232
.270
.254
.238
.220
.152
.228
. 26d
Average
.258
.315
.096
.103
.560
,..
.234 .351 .217 .320!

.297 .550 .274 .473
.930 1.056 1.140 1.290
.890 1.210, 1.030 1.420
.064
.052
.126
.244
.141
.149
.583
.635
.0361
.027
.089
.157
.107
.1381
.039
.050
.056
.065
.036
.031*
.033
.040
.049*
.b70
.210
.249
.100
.104
.116
.174
.125
.107
.118
.137
.131
.145
.130
.148
.155
.210
.180
.170
.194
.092
.093
.102
.097
.122
.106
.126
.105
.161
.141
.128
.141
.144
.146
.146
.071
.061
.076
.132
.071
.100
.105
.117
.100
.116
.106
.245
.343
1.198
.300
.102
.167
.136
.178
.169
.065
.065
.085
.095
.114
.093
.123
.068
.038
.028
.030
.050
.036
.017
.O1l*
.135
.115
.100
.117
.114
.028 .032
.Ooo- -.006
.013 .008
.071 .089
.006 .010
.107
.094
.080
.092
.096
.010
.014
.053
.098
.059
.053 .004
.058
.007
.064
.028
.076
.037
.033
.079
.072
.063
,061
.061
.094
.104
.111
.112
.120
.124
.042
.047
.052
.064
.065
.052
.038
.028
.025
.042
.085
.081
.090
.092
.098
.075
.069
.057
.062
.074
.057
.05.8
.062
.083
.098
.052
. 020
.006
. 029
.021
5b.
.007
.035
.008
.016 .040 .038
.008 .023
.007
.050
.054
.002
.042
.004 .010
.034
.019
.014
.015
.026
.047
.046
.(M7
.065
.075
.026
.034
.035
.0%7
.048
.016 .001
.016 .012
.019 .003
.042 .032
.057 .036
72h. 48h. 72h.

3h.
.
.
.
.
.019 .031 .030 .OM*
.oo8 .007 .003 .032
.002 .001 .001 . 002
. CS38 .Ooo .Ooo .028
.003 .026
.012 .002
.029
.030
.036
.027
.027
.014
.020
.002
.030
.040
.004
.009
.002
.024
.046
48h.
.025
.012
.004
.006
.003
.016
.016
.019
.013
.001
.002
.013
.003
.021
.027
.159 .003 .006 .011

.192
.015 .012 .008
.124 .008 .015 .ol8
.164
.006 .004 .016
. 2~41 .020
.022 .026
.313a1 .34i
.282 .310
. 338a .363
.493a .521
.176
.165
.142
.244
.162
.244
.229
.250
.211
. 23fY
.230
.193
.250
.217a
.250
.220
.206
.142
.214
.244b
.206b
.151
.177
.115
.154
16y. sh.
loy.
.121 .150 .165 .008

.112 .138U .148 .009
.118 .151 .166 .009
.147 .23C$ .249 .001
.116 .155 .169 .001
5y.
.064 .104 =i
.292
.090 .115 .166 .205 I .221 .017/=i
.340
z
a Average of two specimens.

c Not included in averages.
0 Estimated from 5-year values.
* These specimens showed slight crazing due to the omission of the air cooling step. The crazing completely disappeared after a few hours in water.
21
29
3
5C
.275
.238
.280
.145
,350
.422
.330
.362
.412
.323
.388
.318
.356
.401
.259
.322
.255
.289
.324
12546
12560
12558
12584
12566
34
10
30
9
8
12570
12581
12543
12545
,335
,310
.286
,303
!351
,282
.299
.270
.282
.343
.230
.242
.215
.224
.268
12599
12551
12582
12549
12548
25
31
18
343
340
338
341
,353
,324
,317
,316
,305
.322
.265
,260
.256
.250
.272
12580
12573
12554
12S88
12577
[y.
bm.
18d.
TABLE B .L1i?.GJlICHANGES OF 34 HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CEMENTSSERIES 255

Cements arr~nged in ascending order of 72-br. autoclave expansions (Group 1). All cements were sound when tested for soundness over boiling water in accordance with ASTM C77-32
All ten-year values are calculated from the seven and eleven year data. Each value represents a test on one 1 x 1 x 11%-in. bar.
Air-stored specimens were cracked subsequent to the 2-year readings; readings were discontinued after 15 years.
Naie: The autoclave tests at max]mum temperature of 420F. (Group 3) were made about 10 months after the fabrication of the other specimens represented in this table. Therefore
the effect of free CaO on expansion during the autoclave test may have been minimized or entirely eliminated owing to the long period of storage of the cements.
Expansion in Percent for Storage Condition Indicated
I
In Autoclave .
In Steam
Ma:~o~~rnp.
In Air ()
In Water (+)
Max. Temp. 350F.
Lot
at 212F.
-
No.
GrouD
Group 3
I_. Grorm 2
, 1
102
H. F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T. M, WIHTESIDE.
,TABLE C.STRENGTH TESTS OF HIGH EARLY STRENGTH

Tests made in cooperation with the High Early Strength Cement Sponsoring
Aggregate for concrete Elgin sand and gravel graded O to No. lx-in., graded
Each value is the average of 3 tests except as noted.
Mortar cubes cured in water and concrete cylinders in moist room until time
1-3 Standard
Sand Briquets
Cemen
No.
Flow
6810
6930
5700
6880
6170
7020
6980
6090
6410
6320
390~ 510\ 54S 485~

33o 450 475 525
345 465~555: 535
340{ 475! 5551 525
3351 495~S30, 520,
172
158
170
162
178
S870 6650
4950 6070
5690 6030
6120 6340
4230 5540
11
12
13
14
15
3601 485/
3151415
3351445
33o 480;
159
158
160
164
6430
5350
5880
6000
6690
16
17
18
3204951
390 525
325: 450,
295450
1{
;;
;;
23
24
25
26
27
28
::
31
32
::
Av.
540+505
490, 505
540i 515
S30, 5551
sssi5@?
85t56QI159
495! 520\
530 550i
455! 520,
~15[ 520
181
174
166
174
255 435; 495 555 162

245 420, 515 535 162
ly.
Sy.
loy.
15y. !Oy
5210 6230
6000 6540
5030 4730
5250 4820
4970 4610
5510
5930
4430
3940
4270
7540
6780
6670
6270
6110
8210
7410
6770
7910
6710
8170
7350
6650
7350
6110
7370
7030
7060
7530
7200
50Q0
6060
6120
4910
5630
4860 4760
5230 5440
5550 5320
5520 4980
6060 5010
4740 5250
5860 6650
6560 7400
5090 5810
5820 6740
6160
6350
5350
5180
6440
6400
6630
5410
5190
6920
6310
6060
5500
4650
6430
6700
5630
5720
5240 5130
6320 5980
5740 5520
6130 5950
5640 5170
5610 6250 6800

6540 6870 7010
5860 6570 ;;;;
5850 6610
4810 5550 5720
7370
7710
7180
7230
S930
6650
6430
6430
6250
5960
6180
6680
6200
6170
6340
6830
7390
6800
6480
7140
7160
!3060
7770
7380
7520
6370
8280
6410
6470
6780
6090
6260
5360
7540
6260
6150
7770
5800
6300
6100
6470
7710
S600
6290
6130
6300
7510
.,.
5670
5680 5810
5740 5220
8010 7190
..
5404 4790
31013901 420\
320~460, 520,
340, 440( 530
3151460, 555:
179
167
165
158
4270
7:90
7030
7360
4540 4790
7790 7800
7010 6480
6670 7270
5310
7280
6290
6720
4610
7270
587o
6320
330, 465, 515, 530~ 167
6060
6280
5960
5700 5420 I
a Average of 2 tests.
6380 7120
5120 6130
5440 6160
5860 6400
4660 5640
5270 5330 5470

6310 6570 6300
6210 7090 7150
S760 5760 5.580
6640 7130 6550
170
170
172
171
,,,
7900 . . .
7660 7470
7310 722o
7610 7930
7250 6450
5700 6870 7010 8000

5530 6160 6750 7910
5640 6380 6760 7560
6180 6740 6980 7750
6024 6720 6760 7620
401
455
525167
1885680
loy.
7520
7200
6820
7400
6600
5y.
5660 6130
5570 5710
5640 5240
5140 4870
5470 5270
6540
5850
6080
6780
6410
2551
3504651 5W~ 535/
32514751 505, 5351
35515351 550 580,
370 475; 480! 5201
370; 500, 520, 5301
480]
580
540,
61OI
ly,
3m.
.
,..
7130
6180
7170
6570
6200
6590
5730
6510
6220
6930 7180 6000 6820,

6770 7400 5750 5810
6390 5870 5300 5620
7180 6660 5810 5030
5660 5820 5750 4950
6210
6220
5800
6390
5520
28d.
6440 6600
5980 5440
5540 5690
7090
5710
S820 5970
4535/16*5310
;;!
::1 :;;I~ ~:; 6300
32014651
Compressive Strengthlb.
per sq. in.
3m.
Concrete, 1-2.72-4.32
W/C = 0.80
Compressive Strengthlb. per sq. in
Tensile Str.
28d.
of test; tested damp.
1-2.77 Mortar Cubes W/C = 0,80
Id. I 3d. I 7d. 128d.

_ ,

315 4651 515 525 163
285 465i 5101545 155
325, 460 495, 495 164
390 480 5~5~525 156
3951 445~ 435,500, 166
:
3
4
5
CEMENTSSERIES 255
Committee of ASTM Committee C-1.
Ottawa sand for mortar cubes.
4690
7060
4800
5650
I 3.2
5370
7160
7600
S870
6870
6510
7700
7070
7210
7100
637o 6030
7760 :0
8510
6540 5950
8120 735(J
4920 55s0 637Il 5950

5150 7020 7040 7s90
5000 6720 6390 $980
5460 ,.,
7110 7930
K
G
6800 z
5630
6080
5820
...
G
205B*
206B*
12494
12498
12212
12s00
12s04
12S06
3.89
3.81
3.93
3.75
3.92
3.92
23.49
22.72
22.26
21.34
21.22
19.48
201A*
202A*
209B
251A*
252 *
253 *
204A*
20sA*
206A*
201B*
202B*
Klcl:;
~2499
12S03
12S05
2ioA
21oB
21OC
21oD
3.89
3.81
3.93
3.86
3.9s
3.91
3.7s
3.92
3.92
12683
12684
12685
12686
209A*
209B
209C
209D
23.49
22.72
22.26
22.93
22.18
22.16
21.34
21.22
19.48
3.88
22.51
12209
12210
12211
12212
208C
208D
3.93
22.26
12205
12206
12207
12208
200;
3.92
12679
12680
12681
12682
23.50
FezOa
3.80
24.37
Sioz
11--~ot
207A
207B
207C
207D
CeNm~t
5.33
5.27
S.32
5.11
5.33
S.06
5.33
S.27
5.32
5.04
5.09
5.09
5.11
5.33
5.06
5.09
5.32
5.30
5.21
AM%
0.69
1.96
3.34
3.92
4.17
4.61
6.60
7.26
10.94
0.69
1.96
3.34
6.60
7.26
10.94
66.10
65.36
64.50
62.74
61.72
59.93
3.30
3.34
3.10
3.21
MgO
66.10
6S.36
64.50
63.29
63.56
63.42
62.74
61.72
59.93
64.71
64.50
63.39
62.54
CaO
0,09
0.13
0.13
0.19
0.13
0.16
0.40
0.46
0.45
0.43
0.07
0.25
0.50
0.33
0.13
0.14
0.32
0.21
P I. FINENESS VARIARLE
IgniTiOz
tion
I Loss 1
Insohi- Ins&bl:d~~Si02
55.8
53.4
41.8
31.3
C3S
:::
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.0s
::;
0.04
0.05
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.0s
0.39
0.42
0.46
0.39
0.42
0.43
0.40
0.40
0.46
0.26
0.39
0.33 I 0.42
0.19
0.46
0.25
0.40
0.26
0.40
0.19
0.46
ning Temperature
0.26
0.33
0.19
0.42
0.47
0.30
0.25
0.26
0.19
0.13
0.09
0.14
0.14
0.09
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
49.4
51.6
53.4
43.7
50.4
48.5
53.2
48.6
55.5
0.21
0.16
0.25
0.12
0.18
0.23
0.13
0.09
0.14
0.08
0.10
I 0.12
49.4
51.6
53.4
S3.2
48.6
I 55.5
1475-1500CFine Grind
0.21
0.16
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.12
0.18
0.23
C2S
29.7
26.0
23.1
20.9
23.9
I 13.7
29.7
I 26.0 I
I 23.1
32.4
25.3
26.8
20.9
I 23.9
I 13.7 I
21.6
23.1
34.9
I 4s.7
7.3
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.3.
6.S
;::
;::
6.S
6.5
6.7
7.1
7.3
6.5
7.1
6.9
7.1
CSA
11.8
11.6
12.0
11.4
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.6
12.0
11.7
12.0
11.9
11.4
11.9
11.9
11.8
12.0
11.9
11.6
C4AF
0.69
1.96
3.34
3.92
4.17
I 4.61
6.60
7.26
10.94 ,
3.30
3.34
3.10
3.21
MgO
Calculated Compound Composition~O
GrtouP 11. MgO AND CSS VARIABLE

Burning Temperature 1475-lsooC Coarse Grind
0.07
I 0.04
S03
Oxide CompositionTO
OF CLINKERS,
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.1
o
I
147s
147s
1475
1500
1500
1500
1475
1500
1500
2430
2610
2500
2540
2490
2470
1700
1710
1720
1680
1730
1690
1720
1720
1670
1290
1780
2130
2430
1525, 1430
1280
1700
2080
2490
1290
1720
2120
2500
1450
1300
1710
2130
2S30
lAs&gner Turbidimeter,
sq. cm.
per g.
1475
1450
I Burning
Temperature,
~a~
c.
TEMPERATURE OF BURNING, AND SPECIFIC SURFACE OF CEMENTSSERIES 26o

(Fellowship InvestigationK-2)
Clinkers were made in a 5-in. by 8-ft. experimental rotary ki~n at the P.C.A. Fellowship at Washington. They were ground at the Fellowship with a quantity of gypsum sufficient
to make 1.8 per cent SOSin the cement.
Chemical analyses of the clinkers were made by the Research Laboratory, using current A.S.T.M. methods. Each value is the average of two determinations. TiOz determined by
calorimetric method, and free CSO by tbe Bogue and Lerch method.
In calculating compound com osition, free CaO was deducted from total CaO, and SiOz in the insoluble residue (designated in the table as insoluble SiOz) was deducted from total
SiOs The remaind~r of the inso r uble res?due was d~ducted from the total AM33.TI02 is includedin the A120svalues, and was not deductedin calculatingcompoundcomposition.
When two brmmr~temperaturesare mven, the clinker wasdouble-burned,and the temperaturesrefer to first and second burn respectively.
TABLE D.COMPOSITION
.. ...
23.50
23.43
23.02
22.51
22.72
23.19
23.30
23.33
22.26
22.87
22.81
22.66
22.18
22.22
22.28
22.22
22.12
21.92
22.02
12206
12725
12729
12730
12497
13063
13064
13065
12210
13066
13067
13068
13080
13069
13070
13071
13072
13973
13074
12499
12503
13075
13076
13077
208B
217
218
219
202A*
254
2.55
256
209B
241
242
243
252*
257
258
259
244
245
246
204A*
205A*
247
248
249
21.34
21.22
21.37
21.40
21.30
_
3.81
3.94
3.94
3.94
23.76
23.26
22.43
22.30
12724
12725
12725
12727
211
212
213
214
3.92
3.92
3.99
3.98
23.35
21.35
21.30
19.41
12496
12502
13083
12508
3.75
3.92
4.08
4.07
4.04
3.99
3.98
3.98
3.95
3.93
3.94
3.91
3.93
4.07
3.97
3.96
2.o7
1.97
2.08
2.19
3.86
3.75
4.06
3.91
::9Y
3.86
3.91
3.75
FesOa
201D*
204D*
205aD*
2061)*
Si02
23.35
22.88
21.35
21.30
19.41
Lot
No.
201c*
12495
251B*
13079
12501
204C*
205aC* 13082
206C*
12507
Ce$~t
63.00
62.84
62.83
63.56
63.59
63.57
63.44
64.50
64.08
64.03
63.98
65.36
65.77
65.66
65.50
63.39
63.33
63.68
64..30
64.28
64.78
6S<09
64.90
65.72
62.78
61.98
59.71
65.72
63.28
62.78
61.98
59.71
. Cao
5.11
62.74
5.33
61.72
4.99
62.08
4.98
61.90
5.10
61.76
_..
.
5.18
4.97
5.04
::%
5.16
5.19
5.32
5.16
5.22
5.12
5.27
5.10
5.11
5.94
6.08
6.14
6.05
6.16
4:92
5.04
I ;.~
.5.30
5.03
5.11
4.92
5.04 ,
AlzOa
6.60
7.26
6.97
7.05
6.95
4.91
4.89
4.89
4.17
4.12
4.04
4.05
3.34
3.04
2.95
3.00
1.96
.02
1.01
1.02
3.10
3.12
3.06
3.04
3.05
3.10
3.56
3.56
1.26
6.55
7.35
11.26
1.26
4.22
6.55
7.35
11.26
MgO
I
TiOs
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.46
0.46
0.26
0.25
0.19
0.19
0.39
0.40
0.46
0.46
0.13
0.1s
0.08
0.14
0.12
50.4
44.9
54.4
52.0
57.7
0.21
0.12
0.20
0.23
0.13
0.08
0.14
0.12
50.4
54.4
52.0
.57.7
1575C Fine Grind
I 0.21
0.23
0.12
0.20
0.23
Burning Temperature
0.26
0.29
0.2s
0.19
0.19
0.12
0.11
0.05
0.14
0.11
.
0.10
0.09
0.09
:::
0.14
0.04
0.04
0.16
0.17
0.16
0.05
0.08
0.13
0.13
0.50
0.53
0.50
0.52
0.43
0.69
0.78
0.47
0.48
0.52
0.65
0.19
0.28
0.48
0.63
0.33
0.44
0.50
0.52
FREE
0.50
0.37
0.37
0.22
0.38
0.21
0.09
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.46
0.44
0.47
0.45
0.53
0.42
0.40
0.41
0.38
0.46
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.42
0.41
0.44
0.41
0.12
0.18
0.27
0.35
0.25
0.58
0.30
0.23
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.25
0.43
0.55
0.35
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.12
CSO. C9S, C#j.
0.13 0.45
0.44
0.45
0.39
0.45
0.38
0.4s
0.17
0.23
0.23
0.10
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.40
0.48
_
;ROUP IV.
0.09
0.15
0.16
0.13
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.10
41.8
37.5
39.1
40.s
40.0
41.1
44.5
40.0
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.16
0.15
0.35
0.17
0.14
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.14
0.28
0.36
0.23
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.09
53.2
48.6
50.0
46.0
37.0
47.9
43.7
39.1
50.4
48.1
42.5
39.0
53.4
45.2
42.4
37.7
51.6
49.0
45.7
45.8
AND MEO VARIABLE
0.32
0.19
0.20
0.12
0.23
0.13
0.23
0.25
20.9
23.9
23.3
26.6
32.7
26.3
29.4
33.3
25.3
27.1
31.5
34.1
23.1
30.7
32.4
35.9
26.0
29.2
32.1
31.8
34.9
38.4
35.9
33.6
37.3
35.3
30.4
33.0
28.6
19.9
21.5
11.8
28.6
31.4
19.9
21.5
I 11.8
C2S
;::
5.9
5.8
6..4
6.4
6.1
6.4
::;
7.0
6.5
:::
6.6
7.1
6.9
$:
6.7
6.9
6.6
6.5
7.0
C4AF
MgO
11.4,
11.9
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.9
12.0
12.4
12.1
12.1
11.6
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.9
11.9
12.1
12.1
6.3
6.0
6.3
6.7
11.8
11.4
12.3
11.9
6.60
7.26
6.97
7.05
6.95
_.
4.91
4.88
4.89
4.17
4.12
4.04
4.05
3.34
3.04
2.95
3.00
1.96
1.02
1.01
1.02
3.10
3.12
3.06
3.04
3.05
3.10
3.57
3.56
1.26
6.55
7.35
11.26
11.8 1 1.26
11.9
4.22
11.4
6.55
12.3
7.35
, 11.9
11.26
12.2
12.7
12.3
12.2 1
:::
6.5
7.3
:::
:::
7.1
C,A
Calculated Compound Composition-~O

C3S
1575C Coarse Grind
Irrsohr- Ins&ubl~dR;Si02
Burning Temperature
Ignition
Loss
TABLE D.-Crw&ued
GROUPIII. FREECaO AND Cfi VARIABLE
0.10
0.12
0.09
0.08
::2
0.09
0.08
0.10
Soa
Wide Composition-y.
$;
0.7
1.6
3.5
1.0
2.1
2.8
0.3
0.5
::;
3.2
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.4
2.2
;::
0
1.1
0.8
1.9
3.2
0
0
0.2
0
0
0.2
0
0.2
0
~a$
1475
1500
1480
1.s60
1420
1480
1450
1420
1500
1475
1450
1420
1475
1480
1455
1420
1475
1485
1460
1425
1450
1425
1415
1410
1500, 1500
1525
1515
1490
1575
1575
1575
1575
1575
1575
1575
1575
1575
c.
ature,
Burning
Temper-
1720
1720
1810
1770
1690
1700
1670
1670
1730
1680
1650
1690
1720
1680
1760
1740
1710
1660
1760
1650
1700
1790
1660
1730
1710
1770
1770
1760
2560
2600
2450.
2600
1700
1770
1670
1770
1700
sq. cm.
per g.
bidimetcr,
Surface
A:~,T~rg-
12344 24.53
12345 21.27
12346 17.97
12347
12348
12349
12350
12351
13084
12347
12210
13085
13086
231
233
235
236
237
238
239
240
250
236
209B*
10a
46a
22.74
23.o4
22.26
22.55
22.79
23.04
22.80
20.32
18.29
16.37
5.95
6.34
7.74
8.68
9.69
6.52
5.95
5.32
4.62
3.64
0.65
1.98
3.93
4.43
5.67
5.53
7.49
9.46
3.26
4.06
5.54
6.28
7.21
1.98
3.28
4.85
6.40
7.76
1.76
5.06
7.87
1.88
3.24
4.75
6.39
8.03
8.37
::85
3.66
5.29
7.55
65,84
65.44
64.50
64.50
63.99
65.44
63.97
63.38
62.80
61.42
_
64.21
62.19
60.28
65.95
64.95
63.63
62.83
61.99
64.61
62.85
60.85
0.10
0.07
0.11
0.13
0.09
0.08
0.11
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.04
0.11
0.09
2.86
3.05
3.06
2.88
2.73
2.90
2.77
3.44
-. ..
3.28
2.88
334
2.93
2.97
0.28
0.27
0.28
0.35
0.58
0.65
0.27
0.29
0.21
0.13
0.07
0.15
0.11
0.20
0.11
0.09
0.41
0.28
0.19
0.25
0.26
GROUP VI.
0.13
0.12
0.08
0.05
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.10
3.16
3.16
3.42
3.16
3.27
3.08
2.98
3.13
0.40
0.38
0.43
0.27
0.43
0.38
0.29
0.41
0.16
0.19
0.61
0.62
0.76
0.34
0.46
0.35
0.47
0.45
0.46
0.36
0.28
0.31
0.40
0.25
0.18
0.20
0.16
0.27
0.14
0.10
0.12
49.4
49.7
53.4
53.0
55.2
49.7
42.5
47.7
50.7
50.9
27.S
27.8
23.1
24.4
23.4
27.8
32.7
21.5
13.7
7-g
44.5
33.4
23.0
33.5
36.0
36.9
0.20
0.16
0.24
0.27
0.21
0.27
0.17
0.24
32.8
31.2
25.3
18.4
11.9
47.7
35.9
25.2
52.2
50.0
49.8
52.3
54.2
36.4
39.7
39.8
0.09
0.10
0.33
0.40
0.43
0.21
0.28
0.19
CXA AND C4A[7 VARIABLrS
0.45
0.50
0.51
0.55
0.60
0.41
0.62
0.70
0.25
0.30
0.38
0.48
0.55
0.30
0.36
0.55
Gxou P
V. C4AI: AND C~S VARIABLE
15.8
12.1
7.1
4.5
o.2t
12.1
10.8
11.9
11.9
12.0
11.2
10.9
11.3
5.3
5.0
5.9
5.2
4.6
6.6
5.2
5.4
C2F.
as in clinker analysis, and to same total.
::;
0.8
0.4
0.1
1500,15043
1550
1475
1500
1500
1550
1450
1425
1425
1400
0.4
0
0
0.1
0.4
2.88
2.73
2.90
2.77
3.44
3.28
2.88
3.34
2.93
2.97
1500
1375
1375
1.1
0
0
2.86
3.05
.+.06
1550
1525
1425
1425
1400
1.525
1425
1375
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0
0
._.- .
3.16
3.16
3.42
3.16
3.27
3.08
2.98
3.13
1730
1700
1740
1690
1680
1720
1710
1690
1670
1700
1720
1680
1750
1680
1710
1710
1700
calculated to the same relative proportions
12.0
13.5
17.0
::!
6.0
10.0
14.8
19.5
23.6
5.4
15.4
23.9
:::
14.5
19.4
24.4
15.1
25.5
5.0
* MgO calculated to clinker basis from MgO content of cement, as determined by Method B, A.S.T.M. C114-37T. Remaining constituents
12200
12201
12202
12203
12204
226
227
228
229
230
25.26
24.14
22.26
20.56
18.85
12197 26.43
12198 23.26
12199 19.44
221
223
225
-?Woa.fc+
r--r4r-.m .
.
.-Nm-.,,.,
27
--
Su!pq 4
s 9upnp
1710
1690
1670
1700
1740
1690
1680
17m
1.480
1W3
1420
147.5
1525
1425
1375
1530
1S2S
1425
14Z3
Vfoo
1500
1.375
1375
1350
14.30
1425
1425
14W
0.1
1.1
2.0
3.2
0.3
0.5
1.9
2.7
3.34
3.04
2.95
3.00
4.17
4.12
4.lu
4.0.;
4.91 I .0
4.88 2.1
4.89 2.8
6.6420.3
12.O
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.9
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.4
12.0 7.2[*0.3
12.4 6.97 0.7
12.4 7.05 1.6
12.,3 6.9.i 3.5
6.5
7.2
6.9
7.0
6.4
6. I
6.4
7.1
7..3
s .9
5.8
6.4
3.080.3
1219736.447.7 6.6
2.980.0
1219839.735.9 5.2
1219939.8 2.3.2 5.4 25.5 3.130.0
122W52.232.8 .5.3 5.7 3.160.2
12202 49.8 25.3 5.9 14.5 3.420.1

12m352.3 18.4 5.2 19.4 3.160.1
12m454.2 11.9 4.6 24.4 3.270.1
1234433.5 44.s 11.2 5.4 2.86 1.1

1234536.033.4 10.9 15.4 3.0s 0.0
1234636.9 23.0 11.3 LJ.9 3.06 0.0
6.o 2.88 0.4

10.0 2.73 43.0
14.272.90 0.0
19.5 2.77 0.1
23.6 3.44 0.4
7.1
6.4
6.6
6.6
1234149.7 27.8 12.1

234842.532.7 10.8
1234947.721.s 11.9
I23xl 50.7 13.7 11.9
12351.30.9 7.9 12.0
L308449.4 27.5 1.$.8

12347 49.7 27.8 12.1
12210 5.3.4 2.3.1 7.1
1.3083
3.1.024.4 4.5
I3086.i.i.2 23.4 0.2
~B
242
243
252
257
258
259
244
245
246
204A
2wA
247
248
249
221
22.3
225
226
227
228
229
23o
231
23.3
235
236
237
238
239
240
2s
236
20923
Ioa
46a
. ..
.012
.009
017
1690
1700
i7m
1690
1730
.062
.182
.334
.328 .
.
.
.174
.144
.102
.I1.l
.192
.136
.117
.002
1575C,Fine
. Iat
. 111tt
.062*
.241- +
.107
.068
.110
+1.421
.176
.154
.141
.072
+.902
13.3
;
11.3
3.053 8 6
?
21.1
,!0
.230
.057
.038
.133
.092
.,
,i
.22.!
.208
.158
.178t
.m
.174
.227*
.222
.156
.174
.233
.172
.182
.185
.171
.036
.040
.023
.022
.033
.w6
.Wo
.070
.066
.086
.074
.073
.056
.0.$4
.073
.12.?
.112
.09(
. a?t
. I(X
.12.4 .147
.087 .107
.088 .108
.O&l . W8
.039 .070
.044 .073
.148
.128
.102
.W4
.Wfl
.117
.100
.077
.074
.072
.102
.034 .086
.034 .0(.%
.030 .056
.026 .054
.066
.180
.049 .112 .152 .194
. 23s .036 .074 .W6 . I2.?
. . . .060 .079 . (02
.206
.166
.(H8 .070 .088 .112
.197
.034 .062 .077 . W6
~
.
.-...:.!. . ..-_
. .
.
. .
.
. ..
>peclmcns lcstramcdbyqmclmcll Ilol{ler;
.179
.233
.199
.170
.194
.176
.234
.286
.512
.057 .W4 .108 .134

.037 .063 .076 .100
.042 .068 .080 .103
VARtAIILG
.2.3.5
,174
.185
.192
.184
.162
.186
.242
.237
.236
.210
. ma
.212
.170
.223
.206
.134
.124
.212
.252
.100
.J20
.178
.288
.077
.104
.092
.149
. fN,2
. Iw
.192
..3!8
.125 .151 .188

.190 .2.$0 .287
.225 .272 .3.3$
.115 .140 .180
.090 .107
.075 .099
.140 .172
.175 .208
.105 .135
.063/ .145 .181
.O@ .180 .221
. 16(7J .325 .398
.06d
. mof
.120J
.o.~d
.Om
:.:4J
.o~d
.035J
.035~
.osd
.09d
.176
.158
+.o96
+.382
CIAmmCIAF
.227
.164
.176f
.176
.161
GROUPV[.
. 168f
152t
.224
X&t
in prevtouscycte;
.182
.221
.190
.176
.%58.~44
.190
.120 .153
!.~
.
.
.
.::60 .154
.072 178
.170
.035
.014
.W1
.030
.046
.009
.. .
.017
.002
.,,
.1727
.138
.141
.1.34
.140
.221
.167
.174
.170
.166
.072
.134
.106
.098
.287
.161
.175
.210
.158
.164
.180
.1643
.165t
.169
.035
.071
.053
.049
.171
.224
.231
.m3
.185
.206
.224t
.228
.203t
. 18!
.196
.2m
.225
.197
.178t
.192t
.228
.213
.201
.182
.192
.009
.019
.012
.011
.022
.1%
.158
.192
.168
.060
...
.079
.md . m)
.
.125f .148
.Yid .210 .246
.(X9
.07d .090
.060~ .078
.Ilof .1.30
...
...
...
GAF ANDCZSVAKLWILE
.195
.149
.166
.191
.152
,160
.192
.1.56
.1.50
.168
.1(I)
.057
. lm
.084
.078
.248
.062 .097 .lm.141

.034 .058 .078 .114
.166 .246 .428 .106
.lld
:1%
.Owf +.7m
; ;$.
GROUPV.
:136
.130
+.084
+.694
.487 .~70
. 13.5J . L30
11.7
14.75
:
:;. :j!j +:?;
14.88
.1.50
-
.196
.169
.184
. IS4
.040 +.077t
+.250t +.349
.186
.178
.085
+.046
.175
.170
.100
.0s0
.123 .186
.253 .357 ::: ::$
1.985 2.y
.l13f
Io..m
. lo5f
,206
.178
+.135
+2.96
.222
.199
.189
.167
.0.54 -1-.l2lt
+2.06 +2.49
.208
.178
.100
+1.m
.170
.101
.104
+ .4.34
_
. .. .0451
.
.040 .050
.11(> .1 w
.115 .148
.174 .248
Grind
.018
.OUJ
.046
.0.54
. .
.. .
...
.172
. ..
.131
...
.011
.050
...
.178
.166
.050
1.296
.190
.014 .038 ,..
.16.5
.Wo .124
.110
.264 ..~14
16.1
.085 +.9sot
.189*
.163
.134
.100
.138
.104
+.319t -J-.416
.191t
.1.54
.098
.118
.186
.191
.124
.085 +1
.164
.125t
.034
.056
. ..
FREE CaO, CaS, CZS, AND
.176
.182
.131
+ .936 +1
GROUPIV.
.165
.145
.110
.115
.170
.175
.140
+ .689*
. 1s1
.136
.120
.032
GROUP111. FRFE C*O AND CZS VAR1,\nLE
.166
.136
.119
.078
Bumin.g Temperature
.174
.157
.134
.113
.179
.132
.134
+.052
...
..:
.
.176
.182
.164
.1 [lo
.170
.130
.135
.0.$5
.028 .030
.086 . I(X3
.068 .gm
10.2
.030
.136
.275
.266
.049 .084
.097 .144
.394 .~lu
15.4
.032
.022
.027
171xJ ..006
17m ..004
1680 .fw
.006
!754
1680 .002
1710
1710
1700
I71O
1660
1760
[ki30
...
...
...
...
...
I720
...
1680
1760 ...
I74n ..
.
1730 ...
16843 .
1650 ...
Iwo
...
I700 ...
1670 . .
1670 ...
I720 ...
1720 ...
1810 ...
1770 ...
1690 ...
...
.
...
. !48
.1 (>8
.1.34.
.151
Additionalautuclave test not made due toex~essive es+msion

t Bothspecimenscrackedat tuneof reading.
Onespecimencrackedat timeof readtng;
Resuilo! one tesl only;
l:mn
1480
1460
14m
147.i
1480
1455
1420
147.3
1485
1460
1425
2.0 3.28 0.8 (W40#w)

6.o 2.88 0.4
1475
12.0 3.340.1
1.3.5 2.930..5
13W
17.0 2.970.2
1300
12ml 30.0 31.2 5.(3 9.9 3.160.1
1::!
E4H3
4475
14.33
14m
0.5
0.9
1.4
2.2
11.b 1.%
12.0 I .02
12.0 1.01
12.0 1.02
7.3
6.7
6.7
6.9
1700
I790
16W
17.30
202A
2s4
255
256
1450
1425
1415
1410
11.9
11.9
!2.1
12.t
6.9
6.6
6.5
7.0
20872 !220641.8 34.9

217 1272837.5m. 4
218
1272939.1 35.9
219 127.W40..533.6
3.100.0
3.12 1.1
3.06 1.8
3.04 2.6
6.3
6.0
6.3
6.7
3.0s 0.0 (1.500,1300) 1710

1770
1525
3.100.8
1770
1s15
3.57 1.9
1i{lo
1490
3.56 3.2
11.7! 1.260.0
tl.4 6.5.50.0
12.3 J..h 0.2
11.911.260.()
1272440.0.37.312.2
1272341.1 35.3 12.7
12726.44.530.4 12.3
[272740.0.?3.o 12.2
!2012) 12496:m..42s.6 7..3

12041) 1250254.419.9 7.t
2051)13(183
52.021.5 6.0
:21trlf212W857.7 11.P 6.5
2i 1
212
213
214
I III l_.1:1._lilE!i
.
.012
.Oon .~$z .0;4
.0.3910 .0
.(3.%() 2.ld n.$f
;
.of,l II2(I..=.
.0$44
.280
.190
.188
.3o2
.330
.267
.406
.467
.266,
.171
.163
.264
,312
.235
.3s7
.412
.231
.154
.154
.128
.288
ass
.070
.052
.049
.069
.123
.088
.083
.085
.lW
.W6
.119
. W4
.076
.081
a CZF.
.103
.121
. W7
.077
.079
.200
.094
.W5
.082
.119
.106
.106
.104
.W4
.121
.104
.101
.103
.086
.123
.107
.106
.106
.103
.088
.079
.077
.083
.074
.158
.134
.122
.139
.
.093
.094
.107
.099
.102
.112
.102
.107
.104
.104
. lW
.108
.079
.091
.088
.203
.148
.132
.020
.026
.040
.063
.017
.023
.022
.036
.035
.070
.Oao
.129
.049
.075
.087
.052
.032
.034
.056
.064
.022
.029
.044
.070
.018
.026
.023
.039
.011 .026
.W!7 .021
.007 .017
.013 .022
.012 .021
.033
.026
.021
.026
.022
,,.
.113
.096
.090
.W1
.079
.015
.016
.010
.010
.012
;027 .028
.027 .032
.020 .023
.018 .026
.023 .029
.021 .036 .043

.012 .022 .027
.112 .015 .022 .026
:E
.W8
.W8
.W7
.080
.079
.107 .016 .028 .033

.106 .010 .022 .026
.101 .012 .022 .028
.043
.055
.065
.110
.020 .040
.036 .066
.045 .079
.016 .039
.0!3 .027
.013 .027
.027.048
.032 .05s
.010
.013
.023
.044
.011
.016
.015
.026
.016
.054 .022
.042 .029
.020 .060
.061
.064
.034
.042
.076
.079
.074
.055
.fM7
.091
.081
.064
.054
.091
.079
.082
.063
f Interpolated.
.W6
.W8
.Ws
.081
.081
.W8
.102
.103
.W2
.W1
.W2
.0s6
.W7
.087
.W2
.059 .097
.064 .W9
.070 .102
.067 .090
.072 .W4
.205
.176
.142
.134
.129
.102
.101
.W6
.103
.108
.099
.W2
.W6
.Wo
..
.056
.054
.037
.012
..
.
.0.56
.029
.034
.074
.074
.070
.052
.040
.083
.074
.059
.042
.083
.070
.086
.0.56
. ..
...
..
...
.087
.080
.061
.
.094
.083
.069
.0s2
.096
.080
.086
.066
.W6
.101
.094
.079
.075
.061
.033
.074
.056
.050
.088
.090
.085
.067
.059
.097
.Oa?
.071
.050
.096
.081
.086
.065
.069
.071
.075
.071
.059
.032
.066
.052
.046
.081
.081
.076
.061
.053
.088
.075
.064
.044
.074
.078
.059
.090
.180
.131
.14.3
.060
.064
.060
.055
.036
.056
.049
.045
.066
.066
.061
.056
.052
.070
.061
.056
.048
.071
.063
.065
.053
.103
.Otfl
.052
.110
.094 I
.090
.072
.074
.087
.082
.066
.067
.103
.097
.077
.050
d Averageof threetests;
...
...
...
..
.13.3
.177
.1s3
.129
.159
.117
.125
.271
..349
.420
.7.34
.154
.175
.252
.369
.233
..302
.366
.644
.074
.074
.(I63
.064
.085
.070
.052
.110
.141
.128
.195
.154
.176
.2.!0
.224
.198
.316
.462
.110
. Ow
.101
.066 .088
_.. ._
. (ml
.fJ77
.077
.180 .088
. 28(>
.591
.1.33
.154
,223
,329
,099
,129
,118
.181
.1.38
.158
.208
.20.<
.154
.172
.277
.415
-.
.240
.472
.038
.039
.032
.028
.033
.053
.031
.036
.040
.036
.028
.036
.033
.038
.028
.031
.106
.152
.080
.W1
.074
.064
.088
. 10I
.047
.069
.079
.044
.078
.fLi4
.037
.042
.027
.036
.034
.647
1:;:
,.185
.112
.083
.112
.123
,.W8
.070
.088
.007
.066
.056
.059
.074
.096
.045
.052
.049
.063
.077
.048
.038
.049
.049
.048
.047
.038
.034
.038
.065
.052
.043
.043
.037
.048
.0.12
.0s0
:%
.055
.088
.036
.0.56
.054
.042
.039
.044
.075
.039
052
.059
.050
.044
.056
.047
.033 .061
.0.43 .048
.04.5 .052
.103
.117
.130
.177
.118
.W1
js;
%
.093
.065
.058
.059
.071
.098
.043
.052
.049
.059
201
,202
209
251 A
252
253
204
205
206
__
210 A
210 B
210 c
210 D
209 A
209 B
209 C
209 D
1267931.3
12680
12681
12682
-=
1249349.4
1249751.6
1221053.4
1307843.7
1308050.4
1308148.5
1249953.2
1250348.6
1250555.5
29.7
26.0
23.1
32.4
25.3
26.8
20.9
23.9
13.7
12685
12686
,,
1268355.8
12684
I
1220953.4
12210
12211
12212
C3S Czs C,A
Lot
No. \
208 A J220541.f
208 B - 12206
;;;::1
;g g
207 A
207 B
207C
207D
C~oker
11.8
11.6
12.0
11.7
12.0
11.9
11.4
11.9
11.9
~
4
G
0.69
1.96
3.34
3.92
4.17
4.61
6.60
7.26
10.94
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6
:::
0.3
0.5
MgO ::;
Calculated Compound
Composition%
..
-.-..-
-
---
1475
147s
147s
1500
1500
1500
147s
1500
1500
1450
.-
--
r,.
!>,
VARIARLE
..
.-
1!%
1200
785
. 1180
890
1010
. . 1045
. . 760
610
755
820
790
840
945
705
730
860
CA
1475-1500C.-Coarse Grind
AND
1700 1205
1420 1475 1550 1480 1170
1710 1195 1370 1420 1590 13451430 1220
172o 1180 1275 1370 1575 1415 1480 1240
1680 1175 . . . 132013901370 1545 1275
173013251365 146015151490 1570 1350
1690 1145 . . . 14001350 1310 1230 1255
1720 1240 1315 13801365 1270 1500 1235
17201215 1285 13451390 1415 1495 1230
1670 lfY5 . . . 12451245 1240 1325 1355
Burning Temperature
GROUP 11MgO
6540
7840
8230
8710
7700 892o
8420 9780
8930 10030
8900 11280
707018400 9270 IOQ50

9490 9860 1035011700
939010950 10840[11850
074012120 11470.11910
6890 7860 8610 9620

8040
9540 . . .
8520 9550 1038010650
913010210 1048011340
4700
6200
6900
6970
7750 9030 868010140

9160 9340 99901112(J
9490 98601035011700
7930 9950 975010590
9070 94301003011470
8170103201042010810
8840 9040 9860113.30
8860 9700 980011370
9290
8370102501010010920
.
- -
8910 . . .
9440 . . .
9710 . . .
8800 . . .
9410 . . .
9010 . .
9150 . . .
9760 . . .
130097511701400. . . 145514751
840 . . . 580910 14151575t 5690! 8540\ 9220 -.. 11200111920j 494o . . .
655, 665I10851900 89701160011110 . . . 1270013400 6920 . . .
1710112012351425. . . 124513501050
2130124012251465. . . 14651545;1075::: 690, 680 7201840 9650 11870/11720 . . . 1391012820 7860 . . .
.,. !148513501080. . . 690, 690 73011335110210112240112010
. . . 1350013960 8440 . . .
25301M51133511550
655 780 8601148017850 9940&020 . . . 11880125(XI7350 . . .
1450
1280115012601415--- 141513351125
1700119512651380. . . 143014351280::: 860 . . . 850~ . . I 9370 11430(12390 . . 1446014020 8800 . . .
.
.
.
965 660 860, 9.5010540,12310,12070 . . . 1381014770 9760 . . .
2080125013801400.-. 134514651350
. . . 1030 870 800 7051099012250112210 . . . 13490,14U0 10380 . . .
24901275[1370
1465 . . . 152011560,1430
I
Ill
1475
12901107013351305. . . 142014651135 . . 850 680 895:1065 7880 9740194801 -.. 1160012390 76901 . . .
1-7201180127513701575 141514801240
1200820 800 885 9540 109601136012970 1368013840 9710! . . .
125001426011230 . . .
2120122013451305 -.. 137513701415 ::: 12551090 920 88511050 11770 1107OI.
.
.
12151185 100094011250 125001189014550 130401395011370 . . .
2500113101305/460 129514401480 12ri5
I
Ill
II
1.
I
I
725 65o 9601270 7730 9400 8900 . 1158010780 7580 . . .
1525, 1430)1290110012351355 . . . 1385 13851235
1780120012801490 . . . 140013151370 ::: 1015 76o 760 93519610 1094010230 .
1244012560 99301 . . .
1020 895 910 84010070 1160010550 . . . 1360013120 10860 . . .
2130121012501340 . . . 143515101340
,243012301280,1380
. 148511485,1445 :::1310,1030 895,1050,1075011970,10500 . . 13450,1333011180/ . . .
GROUP I~INENESS VARIABLE
.&
g% Flcxural Strength of 2 x 2 x 9~$in. Mortar Prismslb.
Compressive Strength of 2-in. hfodified Cubeslb. per sq. in.
yca
per sq. in.
,> .
-R
Burning
g:
Temp. C. ;g
in mol~, 6d. in water, ld. in molds, then in water until Id. in molds, 6d. in water, then
Id. in molds, then in water Id.then
in au until test;
test; tested wet
in air until tested; tested dry
until test; tested wet
$<
tested dry
.
3y. I 5Y. I 10, . 128; . 111
@
28d.13m.1 lY. 13~15y. ll&.128d.l 3m.1 Iy. 13y. I 5Y. 10Y.28d. 3m. ly.
3m. ly. 3y. 5Y. 10Y.
TABLE F.STRENGTH TESTS OF PR HMS-SERIES

260
(Fellowship Investigation K-2)
One 2 x 2 x 9YVin. prism made on each of 2 days for each age of test. Specimens after curing as indicated were first tested in ffexure with center loading and then each half prism was tested in
,mpression as a modified 2-m. cube. Each flexural strength vahre is the average of 2 tests and eadl compressive s trcngth value the average of 4 tests. Mix 1-2 by weight; aggregate, Elgin sand
adcd o-No. 4; nc t water 3.91 gal. rser s,ack of ccmcnt in all Gases.
HI
1249449.4 .?/. ; f ;..3

1249851 .626.0
7.3
1221253 .423.1
7.1
1250053 .220.9
7.1
1250448 .623.9
7.3
1250655 .513.7
6.5
11.8
11.6
12.0
11,4
11.9
11.9
1575
1575
1575
1575
17001335
1770 1110
16701145
1770 1200
17001165
1720 12151285 1345 1390 1415 1495 1230

181012001245 1340 1425 13101505 1290
1770 12301275 1360 1410 13851525 1360
1690 1105 11551310 124513411455 1380
1500
1480
1460
1420
1250348.7
1307550.0
1307646.0
1307737.0
!05 A
!47
!48
!49
170011801220 1340 14101445 1395 1210

16701140 11401285 1220 13701400 1250
167011001125 1240 1350 130431345 1150
1720 1240 1315 1380 1365 1270 1500 1235
--- .
23.9
23.3
26.2
32.7
7.3
5.9
5.8
6.4
6.4
6.1
6.4
7.1
12.0
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.4
7.26
6.97
7.05
6.95
4.91
4.88
4.89
6.60
0.3
0.7
1.6
3.5
1.0
2.1
2.8
0.3
0.3
0.5
1.9
2.7
1480
1450
1420
1475
26.3
29.4
33.3
20.9
1307247.9
1307343.7
1307439.1
1249953.2
244
245
?46
!04 A
4.17
4.12
4.04
4.05
17301325136514601515149015701350 . .
16801310131014001475137514651175 .
16501230130012551275137014001230
16901160121514001400132514151255 . . .
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.9
1500
1475
1450
1420
6.5
7.2
6.9
7.0
1308050.425.3
1306948.127.1
13070
42.531.5
1307139.034.1
252
257
258
259
1720 11801275 13701565 1415 1480 1240

16801145 1265 13851395 13351425 1105
1760 11101330 1405 1400 1255 1430 1205
1740 965 1105 1295 1325 1295 1435 1105
1475
1480
1455
1420
3.34 0.1
3.04 1.1
2.95
3.00 ::;
I I
...
. ..
...
...
...
...
.
...
...
..
...
..
8170 9640
8580 10080
7910 9840
8480 10480
8200 9460
_.
9410 11320
9400 11160
9480 10440
9630 11140
9150 9560
9840 10610 I045J 114s0

10390 11070 10620 10s20
10740 12120 11470 11910
9740 12150 11870 12310
9120 10990 10470 10920
10200 10940 10460 11920
. ..
...
...
...
12480 . . .
12280 . . .
11500
1126(
) ...
93701143012390 . . .
8190 .:. 11830 . . .
8150 . . . 11540 . .
8440 . . . 11570 . . .
9130
9150
8840
8390
695 700
760 870
620 925
855 1440
9370 10680119C41
125101327012920
8990 10570 11600127501281012740
8840 1031011250124201266013150
7930 9560 105101175012020 12610
8840 10370 11440125501298012750

8430 10190 113201203013070 13050
8260 9790 11530120901246011650
8440 9740 11050 1171012800t 2980
8860 9700 980011370

8780 968010390
11690
8720 9230 952010.490
7360 8350 882010560
730
805
725
745
800 705 1140

790 660 1230
795 1010 1535
705 605 860
9760 . . .
9500 . . .
8640 . . .
7820 . . .
1045
1135
1100
9s0
1080
1050
960
1010
8720 965 10150 11120

8020 8890960011160
8010 8750 933011310
8840 9040 986011330
9490 98601035011700
8100 9070 943011150
8170 8760 950011080
7250 7970 911011300
9340 9990 11120

9450 10000 11600
8730 9760 11530
8510 9290 11110
...
..
...
.
9710 . . .
7910 .
8230 . .
7020 . . .
9160
8800
8570
7730
9540
8910
8730
9020
...
...
,..
...
...
...
...
...
9340 . . .
9310
9704) ..:
9400 . . .
...
...
...
...
9090
8400
7980
9150
9540 10960 11360129701368013840

8410 1020011520 1235012710 13000
8610 10650 116101274013600 13560
8080 9740 11570125301304013210
.. .
...
...
...
8040
7260
7210
7690
8170
8360
8230
8110
...
..
.
...
820 800 885

785 915 1415
800 910 1515
850 1100 1680
...
.
...
...
14460130208800 . .
13470123507380 ..13590134407590 .
13100131207630 . . .
13720136308280
13580121308470
13580136608990
12570131108760
1180 840 8151285 917010920118401302013760139609410

1050 78o 71xl1295 88501062O
I 19201310012970121309370
1025 715 7951380 870010140112401262013260133208780
1015 770 9201625 858010290117101279013460129308610
1200
985
1000
820
,..
...
. .
.. .
...
.
. .
..
...
..
..
9250
9000
8530
9600
8840
1130 7.$5635 7851002011350123801336014170140409440

1020 850 8601270904011190123801319013570140808910
1070935 7901310914010580118201237013530136708630
950101010301560 852010320114801226013290119107800
AND FREE
12.0
12.4
12.1
12.1
7.1
6.4
6.6
6.6
1221053.223.1
1306645.2 30.7
1306742.4 32.4
1306837.7 35.9
209 B
?41
242
243
GROUPIVCS, C2S,M@,
17101195
13701420
1590134514301220 . . .
16601130
13251325
1480137014651230 . . .
17601165
13401340
1430140513651100 . . .
16501110
12351400
1370150013751080 . . .
...
..
...
..
85o .,.
1020 . . .
1050 . . .
1050 . . .
815
745
750
770
..
!12660 141.5012ss0 14960 10770
12220 13460 12270 13410 10730
11890 14550 13040 1.395011370
11640 13020 12240 11660 10550
11490 13390 12160 13250 10820
11180 11940 11440 11920 10710
930 12360 . . . 13330 14870 13780 13930 11540 . . 10470 11430 11590 12040
785 10350 . . . 11530 1322012310 13640 10730
9290 11140 10760 11830
850 10590 . . . 116901321012520 13300 10750 . . 9~31)1170(311240 12320
840 10070
10860 t 1620 11310 t 1890 10970 . . . 9360 1096010540 11800
VARIABLE
860 . . .
770 . . .
900 . . .
1060 . . .
143014351280 . .
134512951125 . . .
131513601175 . . .
133013901180 . .
CaO
950 . . .
1100 . . .
1055 . . .
1115 . . .
138513851240 . . .
135512651170 . . .
141013551355 . .
126513501355 . . .
1475
1485
1460
1425
1375 . . .
1430 . . .
1330 .
1335 . . .
17cHl
119512651380 . . .
17901165 . . . 1385 . . .
16601115 . . . 1330 . . .
17301155 . . . 1270 . . .
0
(150032:500)
17101100 . . .
0.8
17701125 . . .
1.9
1515
17701195 . . .
3.2
1490
17601i20 . . .
1.96 0.5
1.02 0.9
1.01
1.02 ;:;
1249751.6
1306349.0
1306445.7
1306545.8
725
835
825
885
750
2560 1330 . . . 1630 1490 1555 1610 1230 . . . 1170 1240 1025
2600 1185 . . . 1410 13051405 1330 1295 . 1170 1100 1100
1360 1465 1475 1490 1230 . 1095 1210 840
2600 1230 . . . 1315 1310 1260 1435 1435 . . . 1175 1170 1095
GROUP IIIFREE CaO AND C& VARLMtLE
11.6
26.0
12.0
29,2
32.1 6.7 12.0
31.8 6.9 12.0
3.05
3.10
3.57
3.56
11.9 3.10
11.9 3.12
12.1 3.06
12.1 3.04
6.3
6.o
6.3
6.7
905
830
825
870
835
11200 . .
10400 . .
11250 12500
10470 . . .
10630 . . .
10090 . .
. .. .
-.
680 950 10210 . . . 12490 1422013190 14440
915 975 9060 .,. 11640 1257012S9013550
6.!5 760 87oO . . . 10650 1154011600 11860
565 760 9150 .
110601221011800 12700
605 680 8650 . . . 9780 10870 9660 10410
Bur~ ing remperatu re 1575C.Fine Grind
...
.,.
...
...
...
1460 1465 1395 1520 1330

1430 1305 1460 1465 1170 .
1450 1235 1380 1465 1195 .
1280 1285 1345 1475 1210 . .
1265 1205 1205 1265 1290 . .
1450
1425
1415
1410
202 A
?54
255
256
0
0.2
0
0.2
0
1475
1475
1475
1475
1500
1500
0
1.1
1.8
2.6
12206
41.834.9
12728
37.538.4
1272939.135.9
1273040.533.6
208B
217
218
219
6.9
6.6
6.5
7.0
12724 40.037.312.2
12725
41.135.312.7
12726
44.530.412.3
12727
40.033.0 12.2
211
1.26
4.22
6.55
7.35
11.26
0.69 0.3
1.96 0.5
3.34 0.1
6.60 0.3
7.26 0.3
10.94 0.6
13urnin~,re,,,,>~ratt,re
14751X)o[; .l:inc _. Grind
.
-1.1
24.>61240 . . . 1465 1.?451435 15s0 1.30.5 .
9.30 860 775 820
261!3 1205 . . . 1375 1195 1340 1525 1270
1240 1240 1170 995
2500 1310 1305 $4()01295 1440 1480 1265
1215 1185 1000 940
1205 1250 1035 895
2540 1325 . . . 1430,1410 1305 1420 1195
2490 1265 . . . 1245 1455 1380 1580 1265 .
1240 1125 920 830
2470 1175 . . . 1400 1180 1210 1565 1325
1200 1160 930 770
.
B urni ng Tc mpe ratur e 1575C.Coarse Grind
~li$~
~~2450
1350
~~~~
212
213
214
~~1=$$:
.
201 c
1249550.4 28.6 7.3 11.8
251 B 1307944.9 31.4 6.5 11.9
204 C 1250154.4 19.9 7.1 11.4
205 aC 1308252.0 21.5 6.0 12.3
206 C 1250757.7 11.8 6.5 11.9
201 B
202 B
209 D
204 B
205 B
206 B
.-.
CZF.
1308449.4
1234749.7
1221053.4
1308553.0
1308655.2
250
236
209 B
10 a
46 a
,..
1234749.7
1234842.5
1234947.7
1235050.7
1235150.9
236
237
238
239
240
27.8 12.1
27.5
27.8
23.1
24.4
23.4
15.8
12.1
7.1
4.5
0.2
2.0
6.0
12.(3
13.5
17.0
3.28
2.88
3.34
2.93
2.97
0.8
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.2
21.5 11.9 14.8 2.90 0

13.7 11.9 19.5 2.77 0.1
7.9 12.0 23.6 3.44 0.4
32.7 10.8 10.0 2.73 0
6.0 2.88 0.4
1234433.5 44.5 11.2 5.4 2.86 1.1

1234536.0 33.4 10.9 15.4 3.05 0
1234636.9 23.0 11.3 23.9 3.06 0
231
233
235
9%-in. Mortar Prismslb.

persq. in,
Strength 0[ 2 x 2 x
28d. 3m.
.
lY.
3y.
Sy.
1440 1365 1145 1120

14.551410 137.51290
1465 1375 13401295
1535 1405 1390 1270
1445 1290 1335 1250
ly.
3y.
AND
C4AF
,..
..
,..
..
. ..
720 10130 1135012080

920 967o 11960 12530
745 10810 1178012800
760 10530 11250 11650
665 9860 10720 10980
...
. .
...
...
...
,,,
,,,
139001370010760 9850
138101370010080 9140
13520 1358010500 10070
132401260010320 10000
11490116801078O1027o
9860
891O
9600
9730
936o
. ..
...
. ..
...
..
..
...
...
.
;!YJ
10020
107(5(J
9020
10040
10130
10840
10340
9110
9300
9400
. . . 10540
...
...
...
. . . 10460
. . . 10990
11500
. . . 11400
. . . 11300
. . 10330
. . . 10440
10Y,
. . . 10090
5y.
895 7850 904(311)11(1. . 1183012130 8960 )383(-J8410 . . . . . .

. . 720 10130 1135012080 . . 1390(3137001076(J 9850 9&i(-j .,
949(3 98fjo lfjjj~
8(X3 885 9540 10960113601297013@3 13840 971(3 .
.,,
,. 1o80 862o 1035011480 . ;2980 13150 9670 9260 8&30 . .
.
1281o1367o 922o ggoo )3360 .
. 1030 872o 1023o1091(7
VARIABLE
1430 12801270 1410 1065 . . . . .

1550 1475 1285 1235 915 . . . .
1400 1265 1400 1285 1030 . . . .
1330 1305 1400 1285 990 . . .
. ..
1475 1275 1395 1480 1095
GROUPVICaA
1700 1110 1205 1335

.
1740 1155 1270 134(J . .
1690 1100 1145 1330 . .
1680 1120 1160 1290 . . .
1720 1075 1135 1340 . .
13190129909440 8720 8360

13180133709710 972o 8970
1328013400101809750 9490
1410014140108001018O9530
11850122901081010030936o
730 8650 984010970 . . . 12890128608150 7620 7640 . . .

845 89401083011910 . . . 13120131608500 8000 7970 . . .
13458260 986010730 . . 1127011310776o 7500 7280 . . .
. 1080 8590 10750 11620

875 .
975 . . . 875 9570 1088011720 .
865 . . .
935 9900 10770 12220
.
925 . . ::
.
775 9790 1155012170
975
.
890 9930 1078011790 . . .
171097s11601360 . 1445 1330 1130 1100 735 . . . .

1690103512551435 . . 1495 1355 1245 1200 800 . .
1670112510701330 . . . 1270 1365 1310 1000 710 . . . ::
..
..
...
...
.
in.
Id. in molds., 6d. in water, then

in air until test; tested dry
10Y. 28d. 3m.
Id. in molds, then in water until

test; tested wet
Compressive Strength of 2-in. Nlodified Cubeslb. persq.
. 1450 1300 12451045 680 . . . 965 8210 1009011230 . 13510132507940 7650 765(I . . .
. . . 1435 85701107011590 . . . 12910133907950 7380 7560 .
. 1400 1380 12401040 730
. . . 1395 1285 1330 1065 670 . . . . . 1600 82601045011100 . . . 1297012920811o 788(J7790 . . .
*U
26
Id. in mrddi, then in water Id. inmold~,6d. in water,
<.
then in alr until test;
until test; tested wet
~+
tested dry
$5
_ __
S*
m 28d. 3m. Iy. 3y. sy. IOY. !8d. 3m. Iy. 3y. 5y. 10Y.

GROUP VC2S
AND C4AF VARIABLE
~ti
I .
F]cxural
;;
.:@
TABLE F.Cwsfinued
(1500, 1500) 1690 1120 1125 1205 . . . 1305 1445 1385 1335 1045 .
1550
17oa 1110 1205 1335 . . 1430 1280 1270 1410 I065 . . .
1475
1720 1180 1275 1370 1575 1415 1480 124o . . . 12(30 82o
1500
1690 1075 1290 1335 . . 1495 139(I1175 126o 980 . .
1500
1730 1105 1210 1285 . . . 1360 1505 1175 1205 810
1550
1450
1425
142.5
1400
1500
1375
1375
1550
1525
1425
1425
1400
.5.3 5.7 3.16 0.2

5.0 9.9 3.16 0.1
5.9 14.5 3.42 0.1
5.2 19.4 3.16 0.1
4.6 24.4 3.27 0.1
32.8
31.2
25.3
18.4
11.9
1220052.2
1220150.0
1220249.8
1220352.3
1220454.2
226
227
228
229
230
%
G
Mgo :a;
1525
1425
1375
C3S C2S C3A
Burning
Temp. c.
1219736.4 47.7 6.6 5.0 3.08 0.3

1219839.7 35.9 5.2 15.1 2.98 0
1219939.8 25.2 5.4 25.5 3.13 0
Lot
No.
221
223
225
Clil$r
Calculated+ Compound
Composltlon-~o
..
... .. .
. .
2.23
2.22
2.23
2.23
2.23
22.80
22.68
22.79
22.83
22.74
9s
9P
9Q*
9SR*
9QR
13745
13746
13747
14198
14199
64.70
64.54
65.16
64.69
64.49
63.96
63.62
63.92
64.04
63.80
5.21
5.30
5.21
5.31
5.30
5.89
5.86
5.89
5.90
5.88
4.17
4.15
4.17
4.18
4.16
0.13
0.28
0.11
0.07
0.07
0.19
0.25
0.10
0.11
0.08
2.98
3.02
2.98
3.03
3.02
22.66
22.51
22.79
22.56
22.49
8S
8P
8Q
8SR
8QR
3.93
3.53
3.52
3.54
3.53
13742
13743
13744
14196
14197
0.34
0
0.03 0.33 0.42
0.32
0.36
0.29
0.36
0.22
3.44
3.42
3.48
7s
7P
7Q
64.75
64.22
64.65
6.97
7.18
7.13
2.3.5
2.38
2.36
21.40
21.12
21.20
13739
13740
13741
0.07
0
0.26 0.10
0
0.08
0.03
0.12
0.32
0.23
1.43
1.44
1.48
67.02
66.59
66.73
6.07
6.19
6.11
%
3.14
21.85
21.67
21.73
6S
13736
13737
13738
3.46
3.43
3.39
0.14
0.23
0.00
0.11
0.05
0.28 0.14
0.58 0.1s
0.38 0.11
Tr.
0.17
0.11 0.17
0.08 0.12
0.14 0.46
0.46 1.74
0.42 1.12
0.10
0.20
0.12
009
0.09
Tr.
0.14
0.20 0.25
0.10 0.07
0.12
0.17
0.08
0.57
0.63
0.20
0.36
0.19
0.32 0.22
0
0.30 0.38 0.54 0.26
0
0.33 0.29
0.23
0.24 0.06 0.44
1.44
0.34 0.22 0.55
0.89
0.15 0.25 0.17

0
0.3.5 0.17 0.49 0.25
0
0.03
0.10 0.08 0.19
0.14 0.15 0.53
1.10
0.15 0.28 0.73
0.81
0.27
0.16 0.35
0.37
0
0
0
0.12
0.21
0.19
1.58
1.57
1.55
5s
5P
5Q
13733
13734
13735
65.67
64.32
64.65
4.31
4.46
4.56
24.03
23.42
23.80
%
4SR*
4QR
0.41
0
1.46 0.37 0.53
0.37
1.27
0.34
3.14
2.83
0.38
0.12
0.13
0.08
0.06
0.04
63.23
62.71
62.85
63.02
63.05
4.28
4.24
4.37
4.26
4.26
4.98
5.10
5.28
5.13
5.13
7.11
6.95
7.45
6.98
6.99
19.74
19.84
19.51
19.94
19.9.5
4s
13730
13731
13732
14194
14195
0.35
0
0.39 0.50 0.63
0.47
0.66
0.03
0.11
0.04
4.10
3.99
4.03
64.35
63.85
64.20
5.59
5.87
5;66
2.71
2.67
2.71
22.72
22.35
22.48
3s
3P
3Q
13727
13728
13729
0.37
0.71
0.30
0.23
0.47
0.27
0.05
0.15 0.42 0.33
0.63
0.24
1.77
0.25
0.32
1.54
0.45
0.61
0.18
0.27
0.17
1.72
1.80
1.85
1.,81
1.80
6.5.05
64.09
64.81
64.42
64.24
5.39
5.96
5.87
5.99
5.97
%
2SR
2QR*
5.18
.5.66
.5.58
5.69
5.67
21.27
20.62
20.90
20.73
20.67
2s
13724
1372.S
13726
14192
14193
0.10 0.97
o
0
0.31 0.10 1.58
0.10 1.11
0.30
0.50
0.68
0.49
3.08
3.01
3.08
KrO Ign.
Loss
-
65.02
64.26
65.11
~a20
6.28
6.34
6.02
Ti02
FeO
so,
Mgo
A1203
1s
1P
IQ
Fe20t
2.21
2.22
2.23
Si09
.
21.70
21.46
21.7S
Minor Constituents~O
TCo~~!
Major Constituents~O
13721
13722
13723
Lot No.
clina
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
[ns.
kes.
43.8
40.8
40.8
43.1
42.1
51.6
49.2
49.5
46.4
46.0
50.6
47.6
48.5
61.5
58.8
59.0
55.1
53.0
51.2
62.5
43.2
54.9
36.2
45.1
47.2
45.2
47.0
59.3
52.9
54.1
32.0
40.6
52.9
47.8
49.8
32.3
34.3
34.6
33.0
33.5
26.1
27.4
28.0
29.7
29.8
23.2
24.7
24.2
16.2
17.8
17.8
27.3
27.2
29.6
2:::
14.6
29.9
23.2
29.6
30.0
29.0
16.3
19.2
19.1
35.3
28.6
22.4
25.5
24.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.9
11.8
H
8.9
:::
14.5
15.0
14.9
10.9
11.1
10.9
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.8
1.4
1.8
1.8
10.2
11.0
10.4
5.5
6.2
6.1
6.3
6.2
CSA
.
12.9
13.0
12.2
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
9.1
9.2
9.1
9.2
9.2
7.2
7.2
7.3
;::
9.6
13.1
13.6
13.9
21.6
21.2
22.7
21.2
21.3
8.2
8.1
8.2
15.8
17.2
17.0
17.3
17.3
6.7
6.8
6.8
>AF
::;
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
;::
1..5
1.6
1.6
1.6
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
3.1
3.0
3.1
0.10
0.80
0.85
0.31
0.51
0.07
0.61
0.79
1.33
1.38
0.02
0.41
0.5s
0.00
0.36
0.47
0.04
0.33
0.42
0.30
4.20
1.61
0.23
5.13
0.16
0.38
0,37
0.06
0.77
0.85
5.98
3.81
0.37
1.21
1.53
V&a :;;
Compound Composition-y.
Cas CA
;alculated
23.0
15.9
21.9
29.4
28.5
13.7
25.6
27.6
29.8
33.8
29.6
10.4
17.7
12.9
24.9
25.6
2.0
11.4
6.6
3:::
13.8
49.8
44.8
3.5
3.3
4.5
2.2
37.5
33.3
48.2
43.4
32.9
38.9
34.9
Plsenolphthalein
37.7
21.8
32.3
47.0
45.0
20.8
36.7
38.8
44.6
50.0
47.9
12.8
26.8
20.5
36.8
38.1
1::;
7.5
4i::
16.5
63.6
60.5
3.7
35
5.2
5:::
47.6
69.7
64.8
50.6
59.5
52.9
Clear Pt.
[errjman Sugar Test End

Points, ml. of .sN HC1
1A13LlS(;--- ((Mv1PO SIT1ON OF HEAT-TREA1E!J {TOMMERCIAL CLINK ERS-SE1{ i 1;s 270

, (Fellowship Investigation K-4)
Portions of 26 commercial clinkers received frOm v~rious plants were reheated ~~tthe p. C.A.. I$ellOwshiI>I.aboratory at}Vasbington and cooled under varying conditions. Clinkers
are designated according to heat ~reatmen.t .as follows: SSIOWIYcooled; PPlant chnkers as received (not reheated); QQuickly cooled; SRS1OW1Y
cooled under reducing conditions;
QRQuickly cooled under reducing condlt]ons.
Chemical analyses were made cm the clinkers by the USUalp.C.A. methods, which, for the major constituents, are similar to current A.S.T.M. methods except that silica was separated
by the ammonium chloride method OfE. E. Mackowske. FeO determmed by R. H. ~cwes method; T@2 by calorimetric method; NazO and K~O by Berk and Rollers method; free CaO
by Bogue and Lerchs methods. Each ~ahre w thq average of two or mgr~ determmations.
Free CaO deducted from total CaO m calculating compoud composition. NO allowance made for SOZ, TiOz, FeO, and insoluble residue.
___
6.17
6.16
6.16
6.16
6.16
2.71
2.70
2.71
2.68
2.69
3.00
2.97
3.00
2.96
2.98
2.59
2.58
2.59
2.S9
2.59
2.60
2.60
21.95
21.87
21.99
21.74
21.83
22.06
21.90
22.14
21.97
21.96
21.96
21.78
22.00
21.69
21.86
22.38
22.30
22.36
22.31
22.28
23.01
22.98
22.99
22.99
22.99
~3s
13P
13Q*
13SR*
13QR*
14s
14P
14Q*
14SR*
14QR*
ljCj*
15P
15Q*
15SR*
15QR*
16S
16P
16Q*
16SR*
16QR*
17!5
17P
17Q*
17SR*
17QR*
13757
13758
13759
14206
14207
13760
13761
13762
14208
14209
13763
1.3764
13765
14210
14211
13766
13767
137ri
14212
14213
13769
13771
14214
1421S
13770
6.34
6.32
6.34
6.32
6.31
6.17
6.16
6.18
6.18
6.17
22.00
21.95
22.02
22.04
21.99
12s
12P
12Q*
12SR*
12QR*
13754
13755
13756
14204
14205
;:$
2.60
2.53
2.51
2.54
2.52
2.52
4.89
5.07
4.65
5.05
5.08
22.24
21.98
22.38
21.90
22.00
11s
11P
llQ
llSR*
1lQR
13751
13752
13753
14202
14203
5.77
5.72
5.78
5.70
5.74
5.30
5.26
5.32
5.28
5.28
5.84
.5.82
5.85
5.78
.5.81
5.22
5.21
5.23
5.23
5.22
4.58
4.88
4.42
4.86
4.88
5.16
5.12
5.17
5.04
5.14
2.88
2.86
2.89
2.81
2.87
23.68
23.48
23.69
23.o9
23.55
10S*
IOP
IoQ
losR*
IOQR*
13748
13749
13750
14200
14201
.
A1203
Lot. No.
66.95
66.88
66.91
66.90
66.92
65.22
64.98
65.16
65.02
64.91
63.94
63.40
64.03
63.14
63.64
64.66
64.18
64.90
64.39
64.36
iJ4.33
64.09
64.43
63.70
63.96
63.29
63.14
63.33
62.39
63.24
66.62
66.33
66.85
66.08
66.40
65.52
64.95
65.53
63.87
65.16
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
3.28
3.27
3.28
3.27
3.27
4.21
4.17
4,21
4.15
4.19
3.96
3.93
3.97
3.94
3.94
4.33
4.31
4.33
4.28
4.30
2.41
2.40
2.41
2.41
2.41
0.85
0.81
0.82
0.81
0.81
1.30
1.29
1.30
1.27
1.29
MgO
.-.
Major Constitmmts-%
Si02
Clinker
No.
%:
Tr.
Tr.
~r.
0.07
0.16
0.07
0.08
0.13
0.27
0.60
0.17
0.26
0.24
0.30
0.54
0.14
0.16
0.22
0.27
0.40
0.17
0.16
0.25
0.13
0.19
0.07
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.11
0.12
0.09
0.10
S03
.
0.28
0.57
0.22
0.36
0.24
. .. .
.-
0.26
0.33 0.34
0.26
0.33
0.33
0
0.05 0.08
0
0.41 0.05 0.19 0.20
0.16
0.05 0.14
0.63
0.05 0.06 0.30
0.59
0.05 0.11 0.22
0
0.15 0.15
0.35 0.32 0.20 0.38 0.19
0.57
0.15 0.25
1.16
0.18 0.13 0.48
0.44
0.20 0.25 0.46
0.23 0.41
0
0
0.28 0.28 0.86 0.31
0.32
0.20 0.40
0.79
0.29 0.54 1.36
0.95
0.29 0.56 0.59
0
0.22 0.52
0
0.28 0.26 0.97 0.37
0.29
0.18 0.36
1.12
0.23 0.54 0.89
0.72
0.27 0.68 0.69
0.22 0.33
0
0.35 0.23 0.56 0.17
0
0.20 0.30
0.33
0.22 0.40 1.18
0.88
0.54
0.23 0.44 0.64
o
0.27 0.24
0.03 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.25
0.83
0.24 0.26
4.S8
0.25 0.20 0.22
0.28 0.30 0.26
0.37
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
Ign.
Ins.
LOSS Res.
0.33
0.81 0.45
0.37
0.65 2.45
0..59 0.70
rio2 Na20 KzO

.
0.52 0.05 0.14

o
D.34 0.66 0.16 0.18
0
0.33
0.51 0.08 0.11
0.54
0.62 0.10 0.68
0.44 0.04 0.43
1.13
0
0
0
0.58
0.76
FeO
Minor Constituents70
TABLE G.COwhkwCd
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
9.8
9.7
9.8
9.7
9.7
25.4 10.2
28.9 10.1
29.5 10.2
39.5 10.1
34.3 10.2
20.9
23.4
23.3
38.5
26.1
24.0 10.9
10.9
;;.;
10.9
39:2 10.8
30.8 10.8
28.0
28.1
28.2
45.0
40.3
3.9
4.4
3.8
4.3
4.4
H
8.8
8.8
8.7
CSA
..
51.7
50.8
50.4
50.1
49.4
27.0 11.9
27,6 11.9
27.9 11.9
28.1 11.9
28.7 11.9
49.0 27.2 12.4

47.2 28.3 12.4
47.7
28.1 12.4
44.4 30.5 12.4
46.1 29.1 12.4
49.8
44.5
44.5
30.1
37.7
56.1
52.3
53.3
32.5
48.9
51.6
50.0
49.5
30.6
42.2
46.5
46.2
46.3
24.1
40.3
15.5
16.1
15.7
37.5
24.5
32.4
37.9
37.9
47.0
40.7
47.1
39.0
39.9
25.4
35.6
64.0
62.2
64.3
33.6
51,2
C2S
C3S
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
!::
7.9
7.9
7.9
9.1
9.0
9.1
9.0
9.1
;:;
7.7
;::
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
:::
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
2.4
2,4
2.4
2.4
2.4
18.8
18.7
18.8
18.8
18.8
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
:::
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.21
0.40
0.52
0.58
0.76
0.00
0.40
0.31
1.10
0.67
::$
3.03
0.11
1.31
0.04
0.88
0.78
5.78
1.76
0.06
0.41
0.60
5.09
2.31
0.00
0.03
0.06
5.50
1.51
0.O8
0.16
0.34
7,14
2.89
.
0.18
2.06
1.96
5.21
2.94
\JlgoFree
CaO
14.9
15.4
14.2
15.4
15.4
8.8
8.7
8.8
8.6
8.7
;4AF
~alculated Compound Composition~O
1;::
31..5
32.8
23.2
22.3
17.4
11.2
34.2
33.2
3:::
36.1
40.5
39.7
37.8
9.4
16.7
48.3
49.7
36.8
26.3
16.2
51.5
52.1.
5:::
53.7
58.4
57.2
1;::
25.9
62.9
53.0
2?::
57.8
58.7
1:::
40.5
40.1
:::
18.6
45.1
36.8
4.9
4.6
5;:;
30.4
2,1
1.9
6;:;
56.6
4:::
40.6
2.0
1.8
1.7
41.4
23.0
2.1
2.1
5.1
5.5.6
52.0
47.2
51.8
2.0
2.0
4.6
40.6
38.0
34.8
36.2
Sugar Test End

Points, ml. of .5N HC1
PhenolClear
Pt.
phthalein
ferriman
--
1.31
1.31
1.32
67.07
67.02
67.30
5.94
5.91
5.98
3.38
3.38
3.39
3.24
3.22
3.26
1.74
1.74
1.75
21.30
21.49
21.45
25.62
25.60
25.71
25S
25P
25Q*
26S*
26P
26Q*
14419
14418
14417
14422
14421
14420
--
0.07
0.08
0.04
::$
0.72
Tr.
o
0
0
0
0.15
0.36
0.20
0.05
0.12
0.2
0.2
0.16 0.32 0.24

0
0.18 0.19 0.31 0.28
0
0.06 0.04 0.31
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
().25 0.78 0.50

0
0.25 0.29 1.10 0.31
(3
0.20 0.67 0.22
0.18
Tr.
0.03 0.16 1.12
0.19 0.03 0.23 4.37
Il.
0.03 0.15 1.22
0.03
0.03 0.12 1.29
0.04
0.03 0.16 1.20
0.09
0
0.39 0.23
0.08 0.35 0.48 0.53 0.27
0.13
0.35 0.27
2.14
0.38 0.14 0.34
0.57
0.38 0.19 0.26
0.43 0.45
0
0.32 0.52 0.93 0.23
0
0.06
0.44 0.61
1.58
0.45 0.43 0.72
0.46 0.42 0.52
0.69
0.11 0.29
0
0.35 0.14 0.55 0.36
0
0.19
0.12 ().43
l.~~
0.13 0.24 0.57
0.47
0.13 0.33 0.49
0
0.15 0.42
0.45 0.18 0.76 0.37
0
0.02
0.15 0.45
1.47
0.17 0.44 1.11
0.19 0.49 0.89
0.59
0
0.24 0.34
0
0.32 0.28 0.80 0.22
0.10
0.23 0.49
1.29
0.25 0.36 0.68
0.81
0.19 ().07 0.48
0
0.14 0.32
0.45 0.35 0.17 0.75 0.19
0.40
0.13 0.46
1.50
0.14 0.17 0.46
0.16 0.41 0.15
1.06
~----
26.0
27.4
27.2
32.0
28.9
23.8
25.7
24.9
26.7
25.8
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.8
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.8
11.7
:::
::2
27.0
27.8
27.1
33.3
30.0
47.9
46.3
47.0
39.2
43.7
11.7
11.7
11.7
11.7
11.7
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
47.8
46.2
45.0
47.4
44.4
1;::
10.1
10.1
10.1
51.8 34.4
52.9 33.5
51.9 34.6
6.0
6.0
6.0
47.1 25.6 10.3

49.2 23.6 10.2
49.2 24.4 10.3
34.9
33.7
38.5
35.3
39.3
58.3 13.4 15.5

53.3 16.8 15.4
55.1 15.8 15.5
46.1 22.7 15.5
54.6 16.3 15.5
18.4
19.4
19.3
31.2
21.7
55.2
53.6
53.8
38.2
50.7
1.3
1.3
H
:::
3.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
::i
4.4
4.4
4.4
H
1.3
1.3
5.3
9.9
9.8
9.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
H
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
;::
1.0
::;
4.7
:::
3.6
3.6
3.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
:::
8.2
8.2
8.2
60.3 11.8 13.5 11.9

56.1 14.7 13.4 11.8
55.9 15.2 13.5 11.9
32.6 32.3 13.4 11.8
49.5 19.7 13.4 11.8
49.9
47.5
48.2
41.6
46.2
51.6
48.6
50.()
47.6
48.8
0..31
0.04
0.33
1.10
0.51
0.66
3.69
3.57
2.78
3.58
2.59
0.87
2.01
1.64
3.88
1.80
0.00
0.31
0.21
2.08
1.00
0.05
0.38
0.36
4.22
1.14
0.3.3
1.27
1.43
7.01
2.89
0.04
0.57
0.46
2.05
0.97
0.13
0.81
0.50
1.11
0.81
1;:!
4.7
4.3
H
60.7
39.1
39.7
43.3
29.3
43.1
41.1
36.4
68.9
72.9
65.9
72.8
72.1
5:::
51.4
18.2
3.4
47.0
40.9
32.2
58.7
66.2
5.0
75.1
73.0
73.9
74.3
4.8
3.8
6.5
51.5
47.4
40.9
52.1
32.1
54.0
53.3
40.1
26.0
26.3
33.2
23.2
33.4
31.2
27.4
44.7
47.6
43.3
47.9
46.4
11.9
3.3
4.0
35.4
34.1
29.3
25.9
20.8
38.8
41.3
4.7
51.5
48.8
53.7
49.0
4.5
3.6
5.8
35.3
31.5
25.8
33.5
20.9
34.4
33.3
SI02, Fe@s, Al@a, CaO and hU@ calculated in same proportions as in plant clinker, and to the same total of volatile and non-volatile constituents.
3.67
3.65
3.69
63.41
63.06
63.83
::E
4.06
Non-volatile constituents,
0.72
0.70
0.72
0.72
0.72
67.37
65.10
67.31
67.28
67.32
4.07
3.93
0.40
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.40
25.84
24.97
25.82
25.81
25.82
24S%
24P
24Q*
24SR*
24QR*
14347
14348
14349
14351
14350
3.10
3.08
3.10
3.10
3.10
65.18
65.38
65.75
65.87
65.84
7.47
7.42
7.46
7.48
7.47
2.56
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.56
20.01
19.89
20.00
20.04
20.03
23S
23P
23Q*
23SR*
23QR*
13787
13788
13789
14230
14231
0.18
0.24
0.17
0.07
0.09
4.41
4.38
4.40
4.39
4.40
63.77
63.36
63.66
63.52
63.(I4
6.07
6.03
6.06
6.05
6.06
2.58
2.56
2.57
2.57
2.57
22.00
21.86
21.96
21.92
21.96
22s
22P
22Q*
22SR*
22QR*
13784
13785
12786
14227
14229
0.19
0.28
0.22
0.12
0.13
1.34
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
66.27
66.02
66.15
66.20
66.19
7.58
7.55
7,57
7.57
7.57
3.00
2.99
3.00
3.00
3.00
20.94
20.85
20.90
20.92
20.91
21S*
21P
21Q*
21SR*
21QR*
13781
13782
13783
14225
14226
0.35
0.60
0.25
0.31
0.27
1.01
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
66.38
65.96
66.42
65.88
66.01
7.59
7.54
7.59
7.53
7.55
3.89
3.87
3.90
4.87
3.87
20.00
19.87
20.01
19.85
19.88
20S*
20P
20Q*
20SR*
20QR*
13778
13779
13780
14223
14224
0.21
0.29
0.20
0.11
0.06
4.76
4.73
4.75
4.74
4.77
22.19
22.06
22.16
22.10
22.24
19s
19P
19Q*
19SR*
19QR*
13775
13776
13777
14221
14222
63.78
63.41
63.70
63.53
63.92
5.48
5.45
5.47
5.46
5.49
2.83
2.81
2.82
2.82
2.83
21.86
21.74
21.83
21.85
21.84
18s
18P
18Q*
18SR*
18QR*
0.21
0.30
0.20
0.14
0.22
3.65
3.63
3.65
3.65
3.65
64.76
64.40
64.68
64.73
64.71
13772
13773
13774
14216
14217
6.16
6.13
6.16
6..16
6.16
2.71
2.69
2.70
2.70
2.70
...
.,
PRISMS-SERIES
270
ce-
UJ
6.7
6.8
3.1
3.0
0.3
:
k
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
0.0
0.6
0.7
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0.143
0.118
0.W4
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I
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0.006
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1790
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1660
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.160 .185
.170 .190
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0.146 0.237 0.294
0.167 0.200 0.236
3.4 18.8
3.4 18.7
3.4 t8.8
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!3734 46.5 28.0

3755 46.2 28.1
3736 46.3 28.2
12QR 4205 $0.3 32.6

.
15.4
3.4 18.8
4.4
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24.5
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14204 2.t.l
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2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
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0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.5
0.0
0.0
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2..9
1740
1760
1710
1590
1760
mm
1760
17.70
1610
0.095
0.050
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m.s
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9.8
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0.022
0.063
0.104
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0.080
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.160
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.169
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.172
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1.618
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.106
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1.924
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.082
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-.007
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.260
.222
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. ml
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-
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.174
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.206
.310
.206
.249
.269
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1.382
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N
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.121
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067 .075
(766 .071
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Ioy
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Sy.
then in water
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28d 6m. ly.

(+)
(+) (+)
Id. in molds,
.034 .060 .077 .087 .091
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.097
t.045
.104
.110
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Ioy.
()
in air at
toll
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then
Contraction
(-)
or Expansion (+) of 2 x2 x9}$-in.
h[ortar Prisms during Storage Period InAicated
__
.. _.
_
.
.
Percent
Id. in molds, &f. water,

50% R.fL
.096
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_-
pi
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-.
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1.034
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24
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. ml
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1.162 I.zlt
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.166
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.117 .145
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.
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.
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.
b
b
0.020
0.006
0.072
9.5
0.JS8
b
0L177
0.UV4
0.618
0.038
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0.060
2.4
2.3
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0.278 0.341
0+4KLE!I=E
0.006
0.022
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4201 3s.6 40.7 8.8 8.7 t .3 2.9
14m2 .33.6 37.5 4.3 1s.4 0.8 7.t
IOOR
0.0
0.1
0.3
9.9
_
17.8
1660
0.1
2.0
1.9
3748 47.1 32.4

3749 39.0 37.9
3730 39.9 37.9
10s
10P
Ml
1.!751 64.0 15..$

137S2 62.2 16.1
13753 64.3 15.7
0.13S
12.0
8.9
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1660
1680
1720
0.499
0.572
.409
.329
.219
.298
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.335
.230
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8.2
b
0.958 1.181 1.306
0.140 0.226 0.276
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.
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.156
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4199 42. I .33.s tl.s

6.8 4.2 0.5
4200 25..2 47.0 8.6 8.6 1.3 5.2
8.8
8.7
8.8
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.190
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9QR
. 2al
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tts
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.156
.175
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0.160
0.138
0.066
0.019
0.019
0.018
11.0
0.416
0. FM
4.2
4.2
4.2
.230
.195
.150
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.216t
.2t4f
.229t
1640
mm
1640
6.8
6.8
6.8
.170
.130
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.195
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.160
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.300
.160
(% (%
I
.11S1
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.200
,170
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.295
.290
. I33
.240
.240
.245
0.1
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0.8
G
mw
16643
0.699
l.o27
0.307
5.4
112.0
.235
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11.7
0.657
1730
;;
Ins
10.4
0.552
2.2
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5.4
1740
16s4
1670
3745 43.8 32.3 11.8

3746 40.8 34.3 11.8
3747 40.8 34.6 11.8
9.1
9.2
9.1
9.2
9s
9P
w
8.8
8.9
8.8
9.0
,4197 46.0 29.8 8.9 9.2 3.5

1.3
4198 43.1 M .0 11.9 6.8 4.2 0.3
13742 St .6 26.1
13743 49.2 21.4
13744 49.5 28.0
29.7
0.0
0.4
0.5
5.1
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.3
4.2
1.6
8QR
m
8P
8Q
8SR 14t96 46.4
.%
7s
6P
a
SQ
6s
5P
5s
4.3
4.2
4.4
45.1 23.2
1.8 21.3 4.3
_
.
3733 55. t 27.3

1.9 13.1 1.6
3734 43.0 27.2
1 .s 13.6 1.6
373s 51.2 29.6
1..4 13.9 1.6
_
_
3736 61.5 16.2 10.9 9.4

1.4
13737 S8.8 17.8 11.1 9.5
1.4
13738 59.0 17.8 10.9 9.6
1.5
13739 343.6 23.2 14.5 7.2 3.4

1374047.6 24.7 15.0 7.2 3.4
1374148.5 24.2 14.9 7.3 3.5
4Q
4QR _4195
1.2 21.6
1.8 21.2
1.4 22.7
17.3 1.s 3.8
8.2 4.1 0.1

8.1 4.0 0.3
8.2 4.0 0.3
2t.2
4.3 10.2
0.066
0:174
0.1.S1
b
3.;
. . .
l(f. in molds, then in water
Contraction
(-)
or ExwnSiOm (+) Of I x 1 ~ t I x-in.
Neat Bars during Storage Period Indicated
l~f. in molds, then in air

at 50% R.N.
I -- ---
Percent
3730 62.3 9.5

3731 43.2 24.3
3732 54.9 14.6
4s
4P
4sR
5.4
6.2
10.2
11.0
10.4
1.8
0.030
0.164
0.142
bJ
S.8
3.6
10.9:
10.6
bb
O.(im
0.880
0.170
0.234
24.4
bh
1720
28.6
29.6
30.0
29.0
29.9
4193 40.6
3727 47.2
3728 4S.2
3729 47.0
4194 36.2
2QR
G
1.534
1660
0.027
0.142
0.116
0.8
1660
1640
ISffl
1.8
19.1
6. I 17.0
372459.3 16.3 .5.515.8 t.7 0.0

372552.9 19.2 6.2 17.3 I.8 0.7
3726 54.1
21.1
5.7
3.2
10.6
;;
1700
!3+
Expam.icm during 5h.

in Autoclave (3h. at
l!m Tem)f
420Y.)
2s
1.2
37X 49.8 24.8 12.2 6.8 3.1 1.5
.
. .

2SR 4t9232.0 .35.3 6.3 17.3 ! .8 5.9
3721 52.q Z2.4 12.9

372i 47.8 25.5 13.0
No.
Lot
1s
tf
IQ
.-
ment
No.
Calculated Compound
C0mp9iti0n-Yo
Valu@dexpansim
mdmntractlon
forlxlx
llK-in. neat kmamin
Remralthe averngeof2 teskmade on fiRerent days. Spcime]ls fortkdifierent
con~t1onsof test WeremzJe frOmthemme ~tChmixdto
A. S.T.M. (C77-37)
normal consistency.
Specimens cured 24 hr. in molds in moist cbsel and stored as indicated.
Values ofexpansion
mtd contraction
for 2x2
x9!&n.
mortar priwosa retheavcrageof
2 &stsma<lc on& flerent days. SFcimens
[orthedifiercnt
cnn,litionsof
test were matleon tltesame day butnntnecessarily
from thesx1nelv~tch.
Fincaiwregalc,
f%z.in sand madcd &No. 4.
A.S.T.M. Soundness pa4srated
as f.llows: S-smmd;SW-dighllywa
mcd;U-Unwund.
MORTAR
(Fellowship Investigation K-4)
TA32LB32.-LENGTHC32ANGES
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0.146
0.167
13736 61.5 16.2 10.9
13729 47.029.0
BS
BP
RQ
7s
6S
:g
ss
4QR
4s
4P
44
4SR
1oQR
___llSR
-._--
i?
34
1475
1405
1370
1495
135146
1170 1395 1425

1240 138fl,1395
740 1250
1040118.5
925 1225!14lS
1270 1325 1490
1250 1385 1410
--I910;1180
--
925(i205 1300
122.5 1240 10751
1290 1375114351
-.---1110 1310 .._ I
1%
1355
1570
1330
1420
126s
1370
140s
150
1455
1220
1360
1420
1320 1340,152O 1435

1295,137O 1505 1385
1270 1405 1485 I 1365
1020 1245
1355
1190 1330 143.5 I 1365
1315 1385 1450, 1315
4.00
---...----3.91
3.91
3.91
----~
i:
2SR
2QR
1660
Strength
10~1.
lyr.
1340
1115
1135
1110
1310
970
::z
1430
1435
1365
1440
_..I
:m~,
::yq
13751250
1118:
I l2651425!
12901430
12O0 1410
11080, ._.,
:::~(~~
1:
~--~
__.
t:::
1090
100s
1485
1545
1295
615
:;:
134s 1350 1325

1325 1410, 1040
1270 995! 735

1435 1210 1230
11365 1410 1405
.__I
___I 1250
13351225
1110
1350 1405 13OS
14O0 1290 1395
1050
1365
1425
1260 1130
1445 1300
154s 1560
) Syr.
,.<q
7no
890
7.3
73s
960
975
940
825
900
880
805
840
1225
880
690
885
990
6160
9010
11400
11110
12980
8420
8370
10290
,165
12100
11660
11160
10990
800
8830
995 ) 9390
640
9540
1 -0:
12500
12550
13800
13480
12620
12JM
.__
12080 13510
11950 12940
116SO 12890
10100
8230
9640
9940
9870
767 10730
--~__---5540 10370
X650
9950
9110 10140
10670 12220
11500, 13320
4120
I____---__--
_- 7000
6040
9290
10250
102M)
IO860
12950
12700
11780
13000
12780
._.
12310
11540
10520
...
! IOF.
8230
9780
9690
9030
9870
Cubes
cube.
lb. per sq. in.
2-in.
---
_.
9120
8700
92i0
.._
! Gm.
--
9350
8850
8730
9110
8830
9300
8180
9330
8080
9500
~-~
---
8650
9640
8950
9740
7680
10690
10500
11190
.
._.
9180
10540
8120
8300
10110
10740
10380
10920
10220
9250
9860
8860
9570
9s.50 10190
! 1~1. ! ~YF- 1 SY~. ! IOY~.
Id. in Molds
6d. in \Valer,
then in Air,
Tested Dry.
Modified
1 28d.
of 2-i.
as a modified
1 8500,
1373
14170
13240
13380
, l2SlO
12560
13780
13560
13380
, 11180,
12900
13500
12740
13910
10780,
j 11910
13400
12490
12180
13160
13130
13030
13100
12410
14290
10830 10340
124.50 12620
13160 12410
1 11200 ,
6610
9660
10100
6990,
9270
8S60
10330
4730 ,
8140
_____
1 889:
9230
9190
9190
1 6910,
10220
10500
9980
7120,
1 8150
1 8200
12280 123501 8690

lulS0,
13330
13970, 14250
9780
96701
I
I
14420
1 9960
1 12930,
_.
8330
8970
8830
10170
10200
10290
__.
8820
8640
9830
5940
9020
9520
.__
7520
9430
9430
8650
8400
9450
5950
7520
--~----_
1 9010
8170
8960
8910
1 7750
9860
9850
9690
1 798;
~----_, 7120
17890
5740
8900
9950
1 6950,
1 9720
8300
99S0
9620 I
1 8.560,
-----
9000
9940
9340
9930
9750
10220
_..
._.
8430.
8940
9400
. ..I
644O
8770
10220
7720
9980
9450
8160
10540
10160
10650
8930
9300
9280
10220
7840
8520
7160
9490
10590
7780
1 9950
9110
Y770
9980
1 8600
I
1 10530
10470
lOYo0
11140
10880
11350
11190
10220
10340
10780
8450
lOS80
11140
8610 9440
10310 11050
10130, 11810
1 9790;
12940 12900 10030

9S90 9400
9180
9610 10220
14240 I 13770, 11130 I 10460 107M): 10660 1062Ol 11020
145701 14090, 10970, 105301 10430, lM!O:
10950, 11670
-10110 101801 7270 7010 6660
6950
7570--%
107801 10980, 9490
9280! 9210. 9460
986O 10410
13010, 12370, 10790 10330; 10080 lO450, 10660j 11350
I 13420
( syr.
LOS20 11540
11840 13180
12270 13270
I
I
12570
_._
10630
9260
10320
12000
11470 12600
122SO 13460
12950 14020
.__
12130
10960
12710
) 3yr.
11570
10980
10070
11070
10700
1yr.
1 5280,
--7--------
890
970
1210
980
1095
1060
._-
1175
945
1040
9680
7820
5940
9750
865
8220
1070
900
925
Strength
Id. in Molds, Cured

in Water until
Test. Tested Wet.
Compressive
-------..----~~I~
9540
10900
11140
--6570
8630
103O0
_-
---
8970
--------
_-I
8810
8210
9500
7210
765
83.5
875
120s
1080
1015
1235
1240
1150
_..
104s
925
122.5
1315
k.0
1055
...
1070
1285
1270
1080
1075
1020
ml.
-___
_
--
75s
1 760
--
_..
810
-__
101s
1155
105.5
-__
640
88s
1115
104.5
-__
74s
935
880
1070
-850
77.5
1070
-1100
-I
770
1000
980
925
765
970
-730
I
_-
905
85.5
760
995
985
940
---
70s
925
1080
775
940
900
735
1180
1210
1300
1060
1390
1265
126.5 I 1020
755
905
1175
..r
870
94s
1 3yr.
1 10yr.
lb. per sq. in.

..-
11480 1390
1665 1640
11450 14M)
1310 __.(
120s l210 1035
1080 1165 1115
136012OO
1130
1095
1305
_.. I 1125
1255 .._I
1245 1350
1325 1370
1325
131s 1340
1440 13so
154s
1370
1430
1445
1290
6m:
1420 1.500 1280
.._
J2W
-_-----. ill10
1455
1450
1615
1360
----147s
1475
1325
~---l&O
137.5
1345
---__-
1485
1355
1510
---~~
__----
1290
1210
1350
28d.
Prisms
Id in Molds
Gd. in Water,
thenin
Air.
Tested Dry.
of 2 L: 2 x 9&in.
-_---
Id. in Molds, Cured

in Water until
Test. Tested Wet.
.Flexural
990 1260
Net
water
gal.
p=f
--
12401365,143S
1180 1250 1395
1265 1275 1360
Expansion
during
5 hr. in Autoclave
(3 hr. at Max.
Temp. 42OF.) %
3.91
3.91
3.91
----
2s
0.00
Ap-
test%
__--I---4.00
Clinker
NO.
Calculated
Compound
Composition--/,
-___.-
___
I.-STRENGTH
TESTS
OF MORTAR
PRISMS-SERIES
270
(Fellowship
Investigation
K-4)
One 2 x 2 x P&in.
prism made on each of 2 days for each age of test. Specimens
after curing
as indicated
were first tested in llexure with center loading
and then each half prism was tested in compression
Each flexural
strength
value is the average of 2 tests and each compressive
strength
value the average of 4
Mix l-2 by weight;
aggre ate, Elgin sand graded O-No. 4.
Water constant
at 3.91 ga f . per sack of cement except when the consistency
produced
was too dry to permit moldin
specimens;
then the water content
was increased
as indicated
in the table.
consistency
made on dilferent
days.
Values of croansion
during
5 hr. in autoclave
are the averwe
of 2 tests on I x 1 x IWin.
neat bars of A.S.T. bf normal
TABLE
1.20
15P
ISQ
1s
lssR--
140R
0.3.72
0.132
14s
143
!40
4.2 3.W
7.9 1.3 0.21

7.9 1.3 0.40
7.9. 1.3 0.52
1422246 .228.9
1422332.632.313.4
13778t0.311.8113.S 11.9, 1.0, 0.33
1372436 .114.713.411.8
1.0! 1.27
WQR
20SR
20s
233P
w
0.97
II
11.7
G,=
26s
26P
260
25S
25P
23Q
24S
24P
24Q
24SR
7.8
7.8
7.8
9.1
ml=l-
4.4,
4.4
4.4
1.3
1.00
0.31
0.21
1.14
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.71 3.69/
0.7 3.s7
0.7 2.78
1.2 0.7 2.50

143% 39.3 44.410.1
.
9.9 3.7 1.10
14419 47.1 23.610.3
9.8 3.7 0.51
14418 49.2 23.610.2
9.9 3.7 0.66
14417 49.2 24.410.3
,
14422 51.834.4
6.0 5.3 1.3 0.31
14421 s2.9,23.3
6.0 S.3 1.3 0.44
114mlC! .9134.6 6.0 S.3 1.3 0.33
14347 34.9 47.810.11

:4348 33.7 46.2 9.8
14349 38.5 45.010.1
13787 38.3 ,13.4 1S.S 7.8 3.1 0.87

13788 53.3 168 ls 477
3.1 2.01
13789 55.1 1s:8 ,i5
7:8 3,1.6J
1
1
I
14331 34.6 16.3 15.5 7.8 3.1 1.80
14351 3s.3,47.4 10.1, 1.210.7,

3.38,
23SR
14229 43.7,30.0
G
22QR
15.0
13783 !46.3127.8 11.7

1378647 .027.1 11.7
23QR
0
7
1;
1:
18
1;
3.9
9.2
0.308
0.W6
0.042
0.840
0.374
0.038
tim[m
1S.6
1.6s
0.318
0.371
0.148
22.2
7.4
12.8
0.834
0.113
1.6
.
8.S
10.8
0.984
0.126
d
d
d
1:
2.o
7.*
1.86 I
4.1*
4.0
0.S513 0.736
0.873 0.8S3:
0.456 0.487
0.071 0.094
1.82
0.388 0.407
0.4s0 0.482
0.208 0.255,
1
7.s
b
b
1.230 1.408
0.2C6 0.298
8.6
1.8
I 5.8
1740
1640
i7m
1640
13+?0
1600
to
Ibllwo
lnoo 13cm
1575
1370
.
1010
.
1290
151a
145(
142!
143
Amaze
1160
xi
1245
1335
1280
.
1270
935
11.ZC
1260 830 90C

1440 1430 i23c
mm 1470 144s

1245
1.MO . ..
12401200 Mm
14901390 138s
1340 1370
13541
h215 . ..11105
.
1320
1190
136!
. .
.
...
11s
,31,
81(
1114
116!
128!
1201
92!
130!
137(
112s
950
,1:
;::
1515
98o
dN
1190 . . 114
112s,.. . . 101,
11365
13~
111s
118
1415 . . . 124
.
1210 . . . 102
94
6!3
:
138.
87.
133s 1283 1la

15151295 117(
1280 116,
1170
.
.
\1320
1090 930
1183 930
1290 1215
.l!
..
1215 980
1310 Mm
133s 1313
1330
-
Ilwz . .
1435
;:::
1310
1440
1310
;4%
1420
1= - x
1490
1280 1320 137:

1485 1410 1X4
1410 1360 1261
1270
Ilol
.
1100 .,.
100!
of 3 tletermhutiom;
12801423. ..1 144s
162,

11231373
146
1220126s
128
1255127S
133
-_.._.
123s1363
1s80
135s !s30
1490
1
11301380
142,
135!
,40
J124J
low 1165[
135
9701320
10601163
test
km:
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
__
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
112643128s1
. ..1 1311
13s1
1140127S1240 13.7
1ios, 1180,137s 136
12101131011285
142{
.
4.06
3.98
3.98
132(
1s7!
13s
138!
lcmz 1270
p401
200
9901280
II
940 11s0 137s
lws@os
12s0
117S,117S1425
4.00
_.
4.00
3.91
1112311631375 137( 1360

1120 131s1333 1241 1375
129012901330 13s! 1240
Iwo 1s601 . ..] 146(
1515 122s 1IW3 81S

1470 1245 1245 126!
1KK2 13a7 [365 122(
98511701320 1255 1345

1165 Lso5 1375 145s 1305
1430
l25,30114m
14C
10601144
1.2%
10251323
. . 147(
4.(42 1120012851 . ..1 134!
4.00
Pm;2m 1W5
4.03
11801315
=1970{1295
4.19
3.91
3.91
4.00
4.00
39
4.a9
397
4.30
3.91
1045 1140i1405 1365 1375

12751355 1555 1647s 1s10
1235 145S 1435 1s20 1405
4.W3 ,11301380
,
4.40
3.91
3.91
1265
106.5
1440 140011120 915

1275 1S051370 1210
1395 13901440 i2so
4.123 1[020,1300] . ..] 14.45 T[X
4.0!7
!380
.
1410
105012641290, 1345 1480 1.3101350 I2.75

118012951330 1305 1440 1.3s01310 1420
1165,13051.37011320 14cm 1445 1410 13(X3
4.64
4.14
4.02
1700
1030
..]1295
4.23
3.91
3.91
i7m
b
b
0i02610.b039~ ~~{
S.6
.
b
5.2
4.0
:
1.478
0.388 0.442
5.0
I20s
\fl
1255j1345
.
.
9851160,
3.99
1740
1s70
._
107011701275 144.: I.mo 1225 1090 123o

IKO 12251]3m 1385 1370 I19SIwo 1185
12451335I41O 1400 14.?0 13931154(1 IWI]
::
1.56s
4.00
.
4.m7
4.19
3.91
3.91
6.00
,_
9351270
1220 133s11350:1350
;;
:s:1:
~
.
3.91
1420 13851132098o
1365 145011W43
IZ40
1.W3 1.34011S03,
1.385
,ad4701
:;
*.23
Conti
I.m
1740
1760
Mm
17m
1730
1750
17C4
1730
17c41
1740
1740
1840
1700
1760
1640
1700
i73Q
M&7
1760
0.6241 1720
4.4 I 1710
1.254 2.o
0.206 0.258
4.1
0.53i
0.320 0.326
0.14S 0.178
0.o55 0.W8
1840
1660
1740
-wJ7891
m
0.824 0,953
1740
0.170 0.224
1640
0.174 0.214
1660
_
0.1:1
0.161 0. 17S 1710
0.0!0
0.024 0.L232 1810
0.s7
o.110 o.tm
1720
.--J
wmkened condition of
un due
0.740
0.105
0.122
7.5
9.7
0.W8
10.2
11.1
3.0
3.8
1.260
0.270
3.7
._
18.8
3.4
0.248
1670
1700
0.550 M
0.196/ 1740
[ 4.0
I 9.4
181T2
1740
1.0461 1.1061 1700
0.7401
0.8191
0.516
.
3.7
9.4 Ih
0.313!
;:L
0.098
0.1(0
3.7
0.8S31
Id . 0.630 0.294
8.6
b
b
4mp?3
7 78
4412W
:
b
12.5
b
1378447 .927.0 11.7 7.8 4.4 0.00
ll\l
1422630 .7!21.7
22s
22P
22Q
22SR
21QR
1.310.03
1.3:0.381
1.3 0.36
1378! SS.218.41S.0
1372253 .619.4 1S.0
13782 3S.8 19.315.0
9.2!
9.1
9.1
==WF41=F21=P
1.0; 2.891
21s
21P
21Q
1422449.519.713.411.81
21SR
2oQR
4.8
2.03
11.S l.Oi 7.011
8.6
4.7
13780
SS.9/5.2,13.S
11.9j1.0 1.4S
II
9.8
1377S 49.926.0
9.7 8.64.80.04
13776 47.S 27.4 9.7 8.6 4.7 0.S7
13771 48.2~7 .21 9.718.6,4.70.46
19s
19P
19Q
19sR
3.610.81
1421748 .825.811.7
8.2,
_
_
1422141.632.019.7,
8.6,
o.i3
0.81
0.30
18QR
3.6
3.6
3.6
13772 51.62S.811..S
1377348 .625.711.7
[3774 30.024.911.7,
18S
lSP
18Q
8.2/
8.2
8.2
1421647.626.7,11.8,8.2, 3.611.111
18SR
7.9 1.3 0.76
1421549
.428.711.9
__l_L
!.
17QR
17s
17P
17Q
1376951,727.011.9
1377030.827.611.9
13771s0.4 27.911.9,
1421346.129.1 12.4; 7.81 3.310.67

Id
.
1421430.128.111.9, 7.9, 1.3~ 0..%/ d
1!
17
17sR
7.9 3.3 O.W~

7.9 3.3/ 0.40
7.9 3.3, 0.31{
Id
,7
1376649.027.212.4
376747.228 .312.4
1376847.728.112.4
3..1, 1.10
8.0
0.976,1+%
1.126
0.444, 0.529
;
16
11.3
0.65s I
(7.298
4.2 0.11
4.2 1.31
4.2, 1.44
1,
137h4
49.825.410.2, 9.1
376444.528.910.1 9.o
,376544.529.510.2 9.1
II
4211.37.7.74.310.2 9.1
421244.4.?0.S12.4 7.8
;%:
1710
1790
,16
0.s46 0.812 M
(?.216 0.266 1770
II
1.0781 1.4661 1700
0.908]
_
22.7 I
16s
16P
16Q
l@R
420948 .926.1 9.7 7.7 3.9 1.76 Id
.
,=
14.?lOUl.l .3,1.S {0.1, 0.0 4.2, 4.7<>,
i:
37fIl52.323.4 9.71 7.6 3.9 0.837 6

376253.323.3 9.8 7.7 4.0 0.78\ 15
!:RI
Table
*(11720
:til
bb
bb
1X1
1(4 1A
11.5
0.258
0.108
21.6
2-3..5
l.fQR
. ..
16SR -
:
15
42m?25385
97[771391
78
d
9.s
376036.120.9 9.8 7.7 4.o 0.04
0
2..41Id
4.3
,.
S.031
11
420742.230.810.8 8.2
4.3,
4.3 0.06
4.3 0.41
4.3. O.W,
10.8; 8.2
37S751.624 .010.9 8.2

3758 S0.02S.0 10.9 S.2
375949 .525.7 10.9; 8.3
W0630.639.2
14sR
13QR
IJSR
59.5
725
775
885
7s5
85s
730
905
790
880
108s
915
1010
910
895
94s
630
86s
R
925
7s5
&?5
...
875
i%
93s
835
R
810
1%0
1315
1010
1020
92o
975
1~
675
810
woo
..
...
...
805
...
880
840
8W2
114s
1140
1215
1070
1135
945
820
92S
1030
. .
...
590
725
770
615
77{)
I
655
775 1045
845 ; 870
1005 1080
820
1040
9s0
83s
Imm
860
845
78o
[035
1005
lows
moo
,142101
79501
i 8W0
9.77o
7500 10160 11080 12220 11810 8310 S130 8370 8500 92.7o 97(0
9470 11.;10 12s40 13000 13090 9610 93?0 9500 9790 10.W2 I 1I1O
S820 11640 12980 13280 11940 9220 10140 986o 10680 10.$S0 1I 710
I 6(M21 9960, ,..
7.470(10I5O, .,.
I 126!0i .,.
I 8640,
1 9420,
I 99t70i
6S80
/ ,750
9720
10760
12870
~~~
8820:
I 9650
__
10160
11244 11100
12s247 12220
13330 1s320
11810
13020
.
11530
8770...
7710
888o
8160
10210
10690
7810
10180
M900
78W
786o
772o, 8260
9650 m340
11120 11450
8460
9000
11010
12010
i 9820~~~
7710
W40
73$0
7940
1W300 9760
10620 10490
.
8s00
9310
8530
10840
11120
9390
11344
11810
7630
~~~ ,030 8860 .
8420
7090 6954
9930, 9360
11670 11030
I 8%0[
I 94.
10240 10480
7180
11360 114W 9190
126m 13110 1t3w
-IWOI.
Il~lo
12290
L3630
1164X3
10710
7490
7400
10440
103343
7970 . .
11500
11010
.
7540
9M3
8490
8220
871m
8369
9920
.
118W
8902
8120
8070 IWW3
8080 mo30
7330 8890
8970 lm.30
8490 113X! . .
9570 2K40 . . .
9130111900 . . .
7170 9150
6180 8s43
.
0860 WOO .
8390 9920
.
.
W90 9130 . .
.
12590
12370
lllm
12110
13610 .
14480 . .
wsm
...
1137
0
1212
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11810
11s30 .
11660
6030
7240
6280
6550
9870
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8110
.
8900
8310
9s70
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8710 . .
9430
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8970
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.
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7980
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9010
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6630
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8760 ..
7820
9540
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K4310
10020
10784I
9040 .
10360 . .
mom .
8320 8%50 9160 932o

9330 9630 1006O lwoo
9700 10340 10260 11190
8090...
9600
7840 9850 10640 tw 80 m960 9010 8520

9370 10570 11370 11560 11890 10ILTI 9230
10280 lMOO 12620 12690 12920
9810
7120 9170
7390 10430
6790 9210 10410 Iomo 10070 7070 7170 7190 7890 8800 9590
7570 9730 9960 10MO 11010 !4020 8640 86W 8840 10020 10740
9340 21160 12150 12180 11430 9W0 8990 98ao 10380 10700 11440
8190 10240
6250 8890
6830 8930 922o 9410 %94

7860 7170 6990 7340 7960 8680
lo520~ 122m 12300 12530 12360 [0790 ro7w 11[50 11433 1W40 11310
11390 12960 13330 14060 13740 11540 11480 11490 11120 115s0 11s20
9630 1ISa7
.
6180 9900 .
9240 1L3m l17m3 11870 11580 989o 1W320 10MO 9940 10620 11060
95W 11070 11350 12360 12420 10520 10430 9940 W90 10WO 11520
10660 11940 nom 13130 10260 10WO 11060 11364 107642 10WO 11s70
8240, 107Pdl .
.
.
6170 9280
.
7190 10030 10350

9210 1I51O 12330
98s0 11690 11930
7270 922o
6920 9640
II
M@,
9220
862o 10590
10630 12260
I 2360 3WI~827 0
1122501
I 9200: .:.
.
.z
9910 110S0 11160 782o 8260 7250[ 773o 8670 9100

132701142!33 12890, 10170 10690 10030, 10310 10620 11120
13440 139042130C0 10260 10390 10780 10780 10500 11430
,W701-
874JWI
01
040[
7090, 9270
10220 I251o
10320 12580
8390110W0
__
70.50 s970 97W 10400 10300\ 7210 7490 73!0 76470: 79w
8%40
92SJZ109W 12080 12560 12230 95201 WOO 10040 100901 10060 10770
W201 12140, 13490 13250 12860, 1W301 lW&7 107201 10900, 11280, 12140
I I 1.?201
I______
1.41A ~~~ I 10170 . . . ~ 1025
/ S?.<0,
7U70
,1,
80601 10900 120S0 12360! 11810 879o 86M 8530 891[j 9360 101$0
8S70 IOWO 11680 12190 12100 928I3 9W0 9120 8903, 96;0 109SO
9910 120w) 12W0 134701 132801 10200 10460 10380 112501 Mh?l 11620
111
1,1
8130 10.L4O
I 12180!
I 8790
~ 896o
I 9S40
.
7390, lc080
[ lM301
I ~90,
/ 88201 . . . [ 938o,
592(]1 9[170
99)0 M2
7140, 9230 10WO 11130 1I 130 812!2 7790 7700 8380 X.34O 9690
81(il 972o 1M)@) 11630 11380 928(1 9590 91S0 9910 975(1 10740
0060 11850 1.3360 13480 13340 10620 10510 983o 10130 IoXS() I IR6(3
gal;;(V
960
70s
710
865
7.5s
loos
6S5
66s
9.!0
730
740
750
9s51
.,
931; 115W2!
I 1.333(J
I W601
I Wso
I 108404
.
,
__
__._ ___
.
__
6W
840
moo
725
I130
[125
1120
I160
1215
770
1015
Imo
810
92o
1175
795
085
035
800
970
115
965
U&s
950
705
775
990
7.30
77s
85.3
815
MO I 785
.-.
-.
0..
21.72
20.97
21.07
21.14
21.75
20.82
19.81
18.83
19.31
20.25
19.63
19.60
13909
13910
13911
13912
13913
13914
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
5.45
5.21
6.52
5.07
5.91
.S.58
2.83
2.63
3.06
2.04
3.43
2.16
2.45
2.21
2.70
2.49
2.45
3.74
4.75
3.13
2.60
2.19
2.03
1390421.58 4.20
1390520.17 6.61
1390621.50 5.22
1390721.38 5.62
1390821.21 5.85
1?
5.74
5.59
7.13
6.72
5.17
6.09
2.41
3.34
2.47
2.87
3.34
6
7
4.26
4.22
6.80
4.90
5.94
3.08
3.15
2.60
2.65
3.53
20.67
22.35
19.44
21.40
20.52
6.40
6.56
5.21
5.46
5.84
AlzOa Fe@,
13899
13900
13901
13902
13903
Si02
20.55
21.12
21.44
20.94
20.22
Rot
13955
13896
13897
13895
[3898
Cefl~t
ii
64.28
64.45
63. ?4
63.34
63.46
65.49
65.76
63.29
61.43
62.81
64.61
63.59
65.55
62.35
62.45
62.89
64.87
63.73
64.25
64.27
62.60
63.02
63.88
63.24
63.12
62.70
60.82
CaO
2.98
3.31
3.33
4.25
2.93
2.35
1.18
4.41
2.92
1.72
2.31
1.40
0.70
3.06
4.37
4.02
2.41
4.12
2.40
2.66
4.03
3.20
2.77
2.22
4.16
3.55
4.65
MgO
2.26
1.75
2.38
2.45
2.35
2.37
1.56
1.75
1.69
1.81
1.67
1.68
1.64
1.85
2.03
1.77
1.65
1.88
1.54
1.80
1.77
1.79
1.77
1.84
1.60
1.58
1.51
so,
0.15
0.57
0.82
0.51
0.65
0.66
0.04
0.14
0.09
0.95
0.31
0.07
0.73
0.58
0.50
0.28
0.64
0.78
0.24
0.77
0.73
0.43
0.52
0.48
0.35
0.26
0.22
0.18
0.09
0.16
0.29
0.19
0.26
0.21
0.65
0.45
0.92
0.35
0.70
0.22
0.21
0.28
0.13
0.27
Ins.
Res.
FeO
T102 1205 pae;
1.40
1.28
2.43
2.11
1.22
1.98
0.96
1.59
1.08
1.53
1.37
2.27
1.28
1.14
1.89
1.25
1.21
0.86
0.88
2.28
1.89
0.28
0.15
0.10
0.09
0.23
0.18
0.12
0.28
0.18
0.19
0.36
0.05
Tr.
0.45
0.19
Tr.
0.05
0.18 Tr.
0.19 0.04
0.15 Tr.
0.10 0.06
0.15 Tr.
0.38 Tr.
0.17 Tr.
0.10 0.04
0.10 Tr.
0.17 0.05
0.23
0.21
0.15
0.30
0.14
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.15
0.14
1..55
0.85
1.10
2.05
1.89
1.33
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.10
0.06
0.16
1.55
3.12
0.98
2.20
1.49
1.54
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.17
0.19
0.11
0.z3
0.29
0.04
0.06
f).os
0.05
0.30
0.30
0.28
0.21
0.3(7
0.24
0.09
0.54
0.28
0.1s
0.08
0.25
1.03
5.33
0.60
1.87
1.50
2.78
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.06
0.04
0-07
24.7
23.1
38.7
35.9
26.9
26.4
59.8 11.7
53.8 13.4
55.3 13.6
52.3 18.6
51.7 17.3
..58.9.11.7
49.8
49.1
28.8
32.8
47.0
44.1
7.5 2.7
6.7 3.0
8.2 2.9
7.6 3.1
7.5 2.8
11.4 2.9
9.7 8.6 3.8

9.4 8.o 3.0
12.1 9.3 4.0
10.0 6.2 4.Z
9.9 10.4 4.0
11.1 ,, 6.6 4.0
11.1
11.1
14.3
13.6
9.6
9.8
3.2
2.6
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.6
14.5 2.8
9.5 3.1
7.9 3.5
6.7 3.0
6.2 2.8
0.33
0.29
0.37
0.39
0.27
0.34
3.1
12.2
9.4
11.2
12.1
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.84
1.05
0.37
0.46
1.37
0.24
0.32
0.09
0.19
0.05
0.32
0.28
0.27
0.22
0.27
16.8
26.1
27.9
26.9
22.8
58.814.9 7.2 7.3

50.426.1 5..510.2
51.816.713.8 7.5
46.026.7 8.1 8.7
46.423.810.110.2
0.07
0.12
0.09
0.07
0.04
1.50
0.92
1.89
1.01
1.07
0.10
0.12
0.32
0.33
0.08
0.24
0.23
0.27
0.29
0.30
59.7
42.1
44.7
45.7
50.4
46.024.311.8 9.4
37.432.4 12.1 9.6
46.126.7 9.4 7.9
38.830.810.0 8.1
43.025.6 9.5 10.7
0.71
0.26
0.07
0.07
0.05
1.33
1.40
1.12
3.01
0.57
Computed Potential
Composition-%
0.09
0.22
0.06
0.93
0.10
I .-
0.34
0.31
0.23
0.28
0.27
Ign.
Loss
HIGH 1 RLY STRENGTII PORTLAND CEMENTS
0.17
0.63
0.85
0.57
1.02
K20
0.16
0.37
0.24
0.15
0.50
NazO
Oxide AnalysisPer Cent
7d.
7;::
43.0
58.2
32.1
56.8
61.7
45.6
65.3
2.8
Merriman
1.44
3.89
1.42
3.97
8.7.5
1.38
62.9
37.4
54.4
60.7
58.8
60.2
5;::
3.1
3.6
58.7
7;:;
45.5
58.0
39.5
55.2
61.1
49.1
63.3
2.9
~~A
62.8 63.8
66.5 82.2
6.7
5.6
53.4 54.8
76.4 76.s
73.3 73.2
70.1
33.9
52.3
66.1
57.8
58.7
0.27 3.3
7.11 60.6
0.63
3.4
0.69
5.60 6;:;
2.38
0.184
0.22
1.79
2.72
1.03 6.50
s. 33 11.04
0.60 12.09
1.87 6.52
1.s0 4.64
2.78 11.20
1.55
0.85
1.10
2.05
1.89
1.33
0.84
1.05
0.37
0.46
1.37
1.50
0.92
1.89
1.01
1.07
1.3.3 3.79
1.40 7.86
1.12 2.83
3.01 4.34
0.57 0.60
7?ree
CaO
Clear-Point
F1oc, Sugar Value:
~vp
2.67
2.59
2.56
2.59
2.68
2.78
2.59
2.77
2.59
2.65
2.63
2.53
2.60
2.62
2.56
2.79
2.96
2.74
2.7S
2.72
2.88
-.
.085
.583
.242
.094
.034
.128
-.011 2.66
1.043 2.65
.592 2.45
.376 2.53
.220 2.64
.039 2.59
.014
.163
.188
.123
.179
.160
.035
.575
.144
.098
.078
.156
.551
.237
.961
..
by the usual PCA methods. Each value is the average of two or more determinations.
Free CaO determined by modified Bogue-Lerch method. In calculating compmrnd composition allowance was made for free CaO.
Clear-point sugar values represent total ml. N/2 HC1 required to clarify as well as neutralize 25 ml. of filtrate obtained according to method for sugar test given in Board of Water
Supply, City of New York Specifications for Portland Cement, C-333, Item 21, Sectirm 21.10.
J?loc determined in accordance with procedure of Ira Paul; each value is the average of two determinations except those followed by an asterisk which represent single determinations.
Autoclave expansion is the average of six tests unless otherwise indicated.
cans untiltime of test.

Chemical analyses made
TABLE JCHENIICAL ANALYSES OF CEMENTS IN COOPERATIVE AUTOCLAVE TESTS OF PORTLAND CEMENTS (SERIES 271)
(See also Table 1, Report of Committee C-1, 1938, Proc. ASTM, v. 38, (I), p. 282)
represented
were
supplied
by member
companies
for the cooperative tests sponsored by the Working Committee on Volume Change and Soundness of
Thirty-three of the cements
ASTM Committee C-1 and two were purchased on the open market. Five bags of each brand of ccmcnt were mixed thoroughly, sampled and sealed in double friction top one-gallon
..
- ----.-
53.35 1.87
48.06 3.58
54.10 1.34
63.66 1.49
64.22 2.49
60.97 2.72
61.66 2.62
64.90 1.g9
1.51
1.90
1.88
1.75
1.96
1.84
1.72
1.70
1.51
0.60
0.55
0.28 0.09
;.;
OT:
.
.
0.27
0.29
0.23
0.09
0.11
0.05
1.29
0.81
1.54
PORTLAND-POZZOLANCEMENTS
2.9 3.8
2.312.7
... ... ... ...

. . . .-.
. ...
. . . . . . . .-.
,,,
0.10 35.548.1
0.05
41.335.5
0.07 41.2 26.1 6.8 14.8

0.18 37.3 33.6 5.8 14.5
0.12 41.2 37.6 7.0 6.3
PORTLANDCEMENTS
SULFATE RESISTING PORTLAND CEXENTS
2.58
1.89
1.14
MODERATE HEAT
0.37 0.15 1.87 14.52 0.06 0.33 0.16 1.49 Tr.

0.44 0.37 2.92 16.48 0.21 0.34 0.14 0.90 0.09
0.08 0.73 2.51 11.38 0.19 0.45 0.15 1.48 0.15
0.10
0.17
0.23
%cao_%
soa
.-.
a Molecular Ratio =
56.08
80.06
(Clinker Basis)
~Si@
~ %Ak03
~o~
+ q$$
.
60.06
b Contains an adndxture. Analyzed
Gy
.
. methods for insoluble silicates.
c Average of 4 tests.
2.26
3.69
4.64
139266 31..59 6.65

13927b 31.73 6.34
13928b 26.19 8.13
33
34
35
4.87
4.77
2.08
4.16
1.25
13921 19.93 5.66

13922 21.52 5.22
13923 23.96 3.98
31
32
;;
30
._
...
...
-..
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.9
1:29
...
...
...
43:7
4;.;
0.36 16.8
0.88 12.5
_
0.25 10.9
0.26 4.5
5.00 43.6
:.55*
1.57
1.81
1.29
0.81
1.54
-,.
14.4
15-O
47.2
3.7
43.6
._
---
.019 1.52
.073 1.36
.o~ 1.72
.005 2.48
.052 2.43
.126 2.55
.049 2.45
.085 2.52
,_
...
._
10.2
4.5
45.2
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
.$
.4.
.-
al
.-
I
I
.052
.019
.073
.038
13924
13925
13926
13927
13928
31
32
::
35
* Cracked.
a Average of 4 tests.
;:
.005
.126
.049
.085
13921 I
13922
13923
28
.085
.583
.242
.094
.034
.128
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
22
23
2.4
25
26
27
.267
.259
.228
.250
.178
.277
.171
.230
.255
.265
.230
.203
.215
.230
.332*
.327*
.275
.335
.224
.338
.205
.284
.326
.338
.282
.248
.275
.280
.337
.330
.263
.340
.346
.287*
.229
.389
.225*
I.365
.329
.199
.277
.311
.357
.261
.210
.270
.274
.344
.381
.287
.225
.305
.305
.031
.062
.023
.028
.035
.035
STRENGTH
.095
.120
.075
.091
.089
.099
.133
.150
.107
.122
.117
.125
CEhfENTs
.329
.192
.269
.380 I .400
.217 .239
.288 .305
.031
.029
.039
.078
.062
.075
.097
.081
.088
.186
.186
.159
.180
.164
.185
.158
.132
.141
.218
.214
.194
.217
.193
.221
.177
.148
.164
.237
.225
.263
.239
.282
.186
.154
.168
.285
.246
.237
.281
.253
.299
.339
Disc.
.287
.325
.378
.343
.400
.029
.029
.031
.051
.055
.055
.065
.072
.068
PORTLAND-IWZZOLAN
CEMENTS
.067
.091
.084
.082
,108
.099
.109
.130
.108
.116
.136
.108
.226 .258 .277 .033 .065 .078 .101 .118 .133 .138
.387 .404 .410 .048 .095 .112 .145 .164 .192 .199
.135
.110
.116
MODERATE H-tAT PORTLAND CEMENTS
.289
.320
.2-10
.202
.244
.249
EAIILY
SULFATERESISTINGPORTLANDCEMENTS
.2~(j*
.314
.247*
.218
..256
.260
.333*
.201
.279*
.318
.330
.270
. 240*
.267*
.275*
IILGH
.
..
..
...
...
...
.
...
.
...
...
...
.
.147*
. 132*
.136
.081
.100
.123
.093
.097
.116
.l~o
.096
.079
.061
.098
.237
.221
.208
. 141*
. 184*
.196
.153
. 178*
.229
.217
2.09
.140
.182
.234
.229
.208
...
.244
.221
.138 .147
.179 .183
.206
.155
.175
.172
.171
.172
.192
.14.5
.175
.145
.134
.146
.140
.148
.145
.191
.149
.175
.190
..._____
.187
.183
..-.-.-..______
.195*
Disc.
.161*
.149*
Disc.
.176
3
H
m
~
o
@
>
%cn
g
>
H
z
z
z
<
14453
14454
14452
14456
14457
14455
14459
14461
14458
14463
14464
14462
14466
14467
14465
13s
13P
13Q
14s
14P
14Q
15s
15P
15Q
16s
16P
16Q
1is
17P
17Q
16, 17S
16, 17P
16, 17Q
Lot
No.
~et
Average
13, 14, 15,
13, 14, 15,
13, 14, 15,
38.8
44.1
43.6
32.2
46.8
49.9
39.0
42.5
41.6
37.1
40.1
36.1
37.0
42.0
41.2
48.5
49.3
49.2
C,s
-
,
.---
40
14.8 7.8 1.8 0.78 1690 4.23

14.2 7.3 1.9 1.23 1720 3.88
14.8 7.5 1.9 0.30 1720 4.23
36.2
33.3
37.8
1720 3.96
1720 3.93
1730 4.08
37
42
40
30
31
39
1720 3.88
1730 4.05
1740 4.02
15.0 6.5 1.8 4.06

15.8 6.7 1.8 0.78
15.2 6.7 1.8 0.42
37.4
26.3
24.5
15.2 7.1 1.9 1.59
14.7 7.1 1.9 1.16
14.6 7.4 1.9 0.47
:;
35
1730 3.95
1740 3.95
1740 4.05
14.7 6.9 1.7 0.84

14.8 7.0 1.8 0.87
14.6 6.8 1.8 0.57
34.9
31.2
33.1
::
46b
506
42b
43
48
33.5
29.2
30.5
28d.
lyr.
5yr.
10yr.
Id. in molds, cured in

water until test.
.
Tested wet
Prisms
28d.
lyr.
5yr.
1015 1310
1165 1340
1135 1285
970 1250
1150 1250
1295 1320
1005 1385
1205 1370
1180 1360
940 1170
1090 1420
1000 1205
1070 1375
1225 1270
1085 1230
620
950
785
630
925
815
1010
985
1045
930
955
935
905
955
1030
1225 1325
1250 1380
1220 1425
715
960
950
795
955
1060
910
990
1035
740
1070
1050
1380 1275 665

965
127.5 1380 9.30 985
1330 1310 1090 1110
1275 1160
1380 1395
1345 1280
1520 1400
1275 1495
1245 1210
1360 1345 1310

1335 1320 1405
t 27.5 1275 1360
1325
1300
1315
1300
1275
1170
1325
1375
1320
1405
1360
1245
1095 1365 143sb 1.325 1385 860

1160 1380 1355 1420 1385 1050
1120 1305 1330 1225 1570 1000
6480
8050
8380
9620
. . . 6@0
. . 7880
6190
8320
8860
;;
8820 1054010800 7140 6250 7940

9410 1092010840 8630 7610 8870
9230 1081010760 8460 7450 8670
-
.
.. .
..
.
..
78oO . . .
9080 . . .
9080 . . .
6820 . . .
8920 . .
8050 . . .
7840 . . .
8910 . . .
6920 . . .
8610 . . .
8960 . . .
8990 . . .
5yr.
9700 1132011250 7430 7260 8640

9740 1032010240 8770 7750 8460
104301153011760 9580 9430 10300
9330 106WO
10370 6980 6240
103201097010680 8640 7890
9810 1155010510 8890 8420
8410
7830
. . 8050
7500 9510 10210 6130 4870

9620 1117010690 8410 7800
9050 1075011150 7820 6320
lyr.
. . . 5530
.
7930
28d.
8520 1061010940 7150 5960

8640 1108011610 8550 7180
7610 9300 9160 6880 5430
loyr.
6890
8300
6960
5yr.
..
.
Iyr.
Id. in moldsz 6d. in

water, then m air.
Tested dry
9070 106AO11250 7990 6910

8710 1104010970 8770 7410
9240 1090011220 9150 767o
28d.
Id. in molds? cured in

water unt]l test.
Tested wet
Compressive Strength of 2-in. Modified Cubes

lb. per sq. in.
. . . 7120
;;
Id. in molds,.6d. in
water, then m air.
Tested dry
Flexural Strength of 2 x 2 x 1lx-in.

lb. per sq. in.
KILN OPERATIONBURNER PIPE AT CENTER LINE
15.6 7.3 2.1 1.26 1740 3.88

14..5 7.0 1.9 1..56 1700 3.88
13.5 8.6 2.0 0.11 1720 4.23
NORMAL
P.
34.9
31.3
32.8
%
z
36b
%
d
15.8 7.1 2.0 1.02 1740 3.88

14.2 7.7 2.0 1.38 1710 3.88
14.8 7.3 2.0 0.96 1730 3.88
C,A
Spec.
Surf. Water
Wag- Con- Rener
tent molding
Turb., gal.
pre Effort
Free
q
Jgs
CaO ;:;
:$
23.9
23.7
24.1
C2S
Calculated Compound
Composition%
TESTS FOR GRINDABILITY
. .... . --
AND CLINKER PROPERTIES OF QUICKLY AND SLOWLY COOLED GRAB SAMPLES FROM A COMMERCIAL
KILN-PLANT A-SERIES
276
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with A.S.T.M. C189, Test for Soundness of IIydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test), except 17S, for which thepat
was warped and cracked in a few places at the edge.
Flexural strength tests made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars loaded at the center of an 8-in. span.
Compressive strength testa made on 2-in. mcdied cub,x in accordance with the method outlined by A.S.T.M. Specification C 116- 3.5T using the half beams remaining from the tlexural test.
Length change measurements made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars equipped with stainless steel gage points.
Mortar mix I-2 by we,ght of graded o-No. 4 Elgin san.1.
Water content kept constant so long as consistency as indicated by the remolding effort was within 40 + 10 jigs. If the remalding effort fell outside this range, the water content was
adjusted as required.
Autoclave tests made on 1 x 1 x 11~-in. neat bars of A.S.T.M. normal consistency. The bars were autoclave for 5 hours (3 hours at 420F. maximum temperature) in accordance with
the current autoclave test procedure.
In general all values are the average of two tests made on different days.
(A) Results Of ~M@h ~eSfS
TABLE L.COOPERATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
...
.,.,.
..
.
121
. . .
..,.. . ..,
Ooco
2222
l-co-cm
. . .
,..
. . .
coo
~g$
,..
.. .. .
::::
.. ... .
0000
Wm.
-m
w. . m-m
. .
14456
14457
14455
14459
14461
14458
14463
14464
14462
14466
1M67
14465
14s
14P
14Q
15s
15P
15Q
16S
16P
16Q
17s
17P
17Q
20s
201
20Q
14474
;:;;:
Average
13, 14, 15, 16, 17S
13, 14, 15, 16, 17P
13, 14, 15, 16, 17Q
14453
14454
14452
13s
13P
13Q
Test No.
24:5
I ;:.:
24.5
24.2
24.6
o.844 0.902
0.105 0.125
0.120 0.157
Expansion
()
lyr.
of 1 x 1 x 11~-in.
Ill
(+)
(+)
(+)
.1!1
(+)
()
(+)
10yr. 28d. Ill6m. lyr. 2yr. 5yr.
()
()
.154 .174
0.176 .276 .350
0.066 .254 .3.35
0.240 .2.52 .299

0.161 .250 .310
0.124 .267 .330
0.314 .2M1 .320

0.217 .242 .292
0.124 .33.3 .405
0.444 .216 .272

2.38 .196 .238
0.121 .340 .440
0.633 .1961 .248

0.296 .206 .263
0.260 .225 .286
()
5yr. 0 28d. 6m. Iyr.
2yr.
5yr.
10
11111
() () y:, (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) i~+,
2yr.
ld. in molds, then in water
.052d..0271.022:.049 .064.077 .092d.l18 .132

.116d,.093,.092 .017 .023:.028 .039* .061 .(374
. 121* .097 .0961.011 .018 .0231 .032* .063 .066
.107*,.085!.0821.020 .0231.0281 .041*1.068 .078

.llod,.087 .083:.021 .022 .026, .037* .061 .071
.119*1.095 .094,.014 .022[.0261 .036di.060 .072
.1191 .117* ,097.0971.014 .023.0311 .043d.068 .080

.105CI.101* .078 .074.021 .030 .0371 .046d .072 .082
.0171.023, .0.32*1.055 .066
. 134C .131*l.113\.llli.oll
. 105C .102* .082 .078,.016.025 .035; .043* .072 .084

.050* .077 .088
.091cl .085* .064 .058,.026.036.045
.148C .147*1.1301.1301.009 .OIOI.015, .021dl.046 .057
,,
N
tQ
029f03sj_;:
019/
091d1066i064
.100.124.151.192[.207.067.099 .097
().932 .174 .206 .200 .209 .211 .217 .0581
0.1.36 .209 .263 .264 .279 .293
.053.0881
.102.124.156.168.078.110 .llOC .104*:081:077:021:029:033 .045*:065:080
0.177 .212 .260 .263 .278 .291 .304 .068,.108,.128
;.1541
.199/.204,.0751.111
.109C . 103*.078.076.021.030,.034 .044J,.066;.080
I
.304
.moci
I
I
.290 .063 .113.133 .164 .204 .220 .072 ,101
.096d .074:.0711.023 .0311.0411 .052d:.080 .092
.3.S2 .063 .lo5~.117 .139 .172.182 .072 .107 .106CI .102*.. O79,.O75.021 .028 .034 .Q43d.068 .079
.441 .045 .086;.097 .122 .1531.165 .091].129 .127CI .124*I.103J.101 .012 .018~.024; .034*I.058 . Orjg
164.182.084.110,
.342 .049 .0871.102.130. [[III
.385 .048 .080.090-l114014146~4083083
.1161
.410 .044.074!.0841.10$.1361.147 .089 .125
II
Ill
.124 .IZ31.19Z .2281.270.3261.352 .046.0681
.421 .048 .085 .1OO.122I.154 .168 083. 122
,406 .046.087 .102 .126 .158 .171 .092 .127
II
.318 .050,.100 .116.144.184 .199 .070.105

.282 .080 .1251.141 160.193.2021.0611.094
I
.536 .044; .089/.104,.132
/.165].176; .1011.146
1111
.374 .0481.0901.110.136.168 .174 .0901.119
.343 .068 .108 .1171.139; .1701.179~.0731.106
.502 .0351.068.076.098.1231.129 .098 .1341
1111111
Ill
.291 .045,.096
.108.139 .176!.192 .072 .105 .104C .101*!.0791.0781.0151.0221.0341 .044d!.0721.084
.327 .072 .126.139 165.201 .216,.060 .099 .098CI .097di.073 .070.022.029.036 .041d .069.081
1.
.349 .058 .1111.120,.149,.184
202.0731.112 .106C,. 101*,.080..076. O16!.O22.032! .048d .066!.078
() ()
APPROXIMATELY355 LB. STEAM PER HOUR INJECTEDTHROUGKBURNER PIPE
.259 .270 .280

.293 .312 .332
.369 .393, .418
.146 .1461 .135

.350 .3741 .399
.336 .360 .385
.296 .314 .323

.316 .340 .364
.339 .3M; .387
.325 .340 .358

.288 .308 .324
.416 .442 .474
.270 .288 .303

.236 .248 .264
.458 .487 .515
.256 .2M\ .277

.274 .288 .308
.298 .310, .330
/l;)
1yr.
Id. in molds, 6d. water, then

in air at 50~0 R.H.
Percent Contraction () or Expansion (+) of 2 x 2 x 11%-in.

Prisms during Storage Period Indicated
10 ,28d. 6m.
Id. in molds, then in water
2yr. 5yr.~
Id. in molds, then in air at

50~0 R.H.
f%
(+)
NORMAL KILN OPERATIONBURNER PIPE AT CENTER I,INE
II
3 cyC1es ?$,
or
Neat Bars during Strmagc Period Indicated
()
TABLE L.--Cofitistued
(B) Autoclune Expansions and Lengt/a Chunges
Percent Contraction
0.291 0..3Cfie 0.410 .217 . Z(d

0.159 0.193 O.zlze 234 .291
0.080 I 0.118
0.1.39 .284, ..359
0.151
0.049
24.0 12.2
24.0 0.110
24.o 0.028
0.288
0.198
0.108
0.384
2.36
0.102
0.574
0.282
0.222
II
2 cycles
II
O.zfz
0.142
0.108
0.245
0.165
0.076
0.301
2.32
0.069
0.448
0.252
0.151
1 cycle
0.172
0.110
0.076
24.5
25.0
24.5
25.0
24.0
25..5
24.0
24.0
25.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
Expansion during 5hr. in

Autoclave (3hr. at
Water Maximum Temperature
420F.)~0
Lot No. N::.
..
14483
14484
14485
14481
14482
22s
22SP
22P
22Q
22QP
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.0
0.272
1.44
0.132
0.150
0.238
0.360
1.52
0.052
0.192
0.274
26.0 0.687 0.729

25.0 0.100 0.128
24.5 0.083 0.124
1 2.4.0 0.064 0.084
------
0.405
1.156
0.164
0.217
0.294
0.750
0.142
0.14.4
0.098
.182
.192
.200
.206
.156,
.326
.318
.305
.252
.230
.244
.251
.252
.189
.430a
.436
.438
.352a
.446 .046 .083

.452 .047 .080
.458 .047 .082
.365a,.0571.090
.230
.244
.2(A
.257
,.162
.239
.254
.283
.271
.164
.250
.263
.298
.283
.174
= 1% yr. values.
3 yr. v?lues.
Expansions over l% omitted from average.
One specimen cracked at time of readhg.
t Interpolated.
aOne specimen only.

bThese valueS are &e average of three rounds; all otbers are the average of two ounds.
.218
.227
.240
.235
.153
.042
.056
.062
.062
.089
.200
.158
.158
.184
.086 .105 .134 .172 .186

.105 .134 .168 .216 .236
.1O-I.126,.152 .188 .204
.111 .130 .1s1 .188 .200
.1441.170.1981.240.260
LOAD
.178
.150
.149
.165
CLINKER
.108 .136
.0961.116
.094!.115
.106,.128
PIPE MOVED 11 INCIiES TOWARD
.410
.415
.416,
.339,
...
.076 .108
.075 .107
.071,.103
.080 .112
.072,.099,
.112 .159
.095 .136
.092,.131
.084.128
KILN OPERATIONBURNERPtPE AT CENTER LINE
.392*
.390
.396
.316
BURNER
.398*
.394
.382
.318
NORMAL
D indicates samde taken from nort near end of burninx zone.
14479
14480
14477
14478
21SP
21P
21Q
21QP
..
.104
.102
.101G
.106C,
.091c
.009 .020 .026

.010 .020. 023
.018 .026 .028
.014.022 .024
.o.39d.O(L3.077
-031i .058 .068
.0.381.061 .072
.032d .053,.065
.098d .074 .070 .014.027 .031 .0421.066 .082

.095d .070 .066,.019 .033.039 . .056d .082 .094
.042d .067 .080
.095J.070 .066 .020.030.034
.lOOd .0751.073 .021!.035!.038 .044d .070 .084
.086dl.061 .056,.024 .040 .W4, .052d .074:.088
.160 . 158d .140.142

.134C .131* .108 .106
. 130= .1261.104 .101
.127=1 .124dl.lol .098
~
~
. . . . .
1::$
7.2
10P
9s
9P
9Q
Average
5, 6, 7, 8S
5, 6, 7, 8P
5, 6, 7, 8Q
81)
8Q
2:6
4.3
8.6
6.3
14790 56.3120.49.1 8.9 2.5 1.18 38.0
14788 61.017.0 9.7 8.8 2.4 0.59 4.9

14789 61.416.8 9.3 8.6 2.6 0.83 11.3
14787 58.619.2 9.6 8.7 2.5 0.59 22.9
---.
54.8,22.59.9 8.5 2.50.44 15.1

57.620.8 9.0 8.5 2.310.48 10.9
55.0i22.59.8 8.4 2.4~0.56 8.8
I 54.6
20.3
14.3
11.3
;.;
14782 .56.621.0 9.2 9.2 2.610.18 4.9

2.8
14783 57.721.2 8.4 9.0 2.20.35
2.5
14781 55.821.6 9.3 9.2 2.50.41
;;
7Q
8s
4.7
8.4
5.6
4.4
14779 57.320.8 9.6 8.5 2.40.26
7.3
14780 57.720.9 9.5 8.3 2.30.35
5.1
8.3
2.4~0.47
14778 55.6122.49.8
6S
6P
6Q
14785 56.2~20.8
10.3 8.4 2.70.47
14786 60.618.4 8.5 8.4 2.40.41
10.2 8.2 2.6;0.65
14784 56.1121.0
29.8
z:;
46.7
2s.0
21.3
14776
14777
14775
5s
5P
5Q
49.3 27.3 10.4 8.1 2.21.31

54.3 22.9 9.8 8.5 2.3,0.83
52.5 25.0 10.1 8.1 2.3,0.71
Lot No.
Test No.
Calculated Compound
su$r5&es~c~l.
.
Composition of Clinkers %
42
42
40
::
43
47
41
38
43
35
42
43
BURNING
1.1.
41
38
38
1690
38
,,,
1.
.,,
5yr.
I
10yr.
1
28d.
lyr.
I
5yr.
~~
,,!
1-2.21 1200138014201340133012801160 . . . 8660 11300 12660 12330 9770 9310 1007II . . .

1-2.24 1245140514001325133013501115 . . . 9650 11820 13120 13600 10640 9950 1067I3 . . .
1-2.24 1265135014001350131512901130 . . . 9280 11610 12920 13110 10560 9920 10520 . . .
1-2.22 1180[13251.3951345 1320 1300 1200 . . . 8150 112.30 12090 1.3.380 9620 9450 9540 . . .
12.26 13201390 1360 1360 13.301400 1135 . . 9950 11840 1.Wfn 1.3760 10730 103.30 11090 . . .
12.22 12751395 14451415 1360 1230 1170 . . . 9460 11740 12920 13680 106OO 10170 10630 . . .
1-2.22 1215 1370 14251345 1285 1335 1210 . . . 8960 11610 12840 12480 10040 9500 10620 . .
1-2.26 1245 140.513401265 13401335 1120 . . . 9460 11590 12540 13610 10370 10110 10600 . . .
1-2.26 1260 130513851375 1170 1300 1145 . . . 9090 11710 12680 13150 10390 9760 1042O . . .
1-2.22 11701410 14151375 1340 12551110 . . . 1110 11120 12450 12340 9750 9220 97(s3 . . .
1-2.30 1210 14701485 1365 1315 1305 1145 . . . 9840 12040 13900 13640 11010 987o 10970 . . .
12.26 1245 136513851315 1305 1330 1130 . . . 8990 11290 12570 12610 10430 9590 10300 . . .
1-2.22 1230 13201340130513101325 1230

I
1.4
I
I I I
II
8910 1127012340127109850
9780 10460 . . .
1-2.26 1195133513951345138512751220 . . . 8930 108301250012120 9910 95&o 10620 . . .

1-2.22 1280131013001265132514001270 . . . 9520 11850129501294010430 9790 10460 . . .
14051385134013301215 . . . 9260 11580129401344010320 9850, 11010 . .
1-2.26 12001360
I
SOFTER BURNEDTUAN NomaAL
1720
1680
1730
. ~~ 28d. lyr. 5yr. ~~ 28d. lyr.
I -
1450130513751220~l120. . . 9120 11250 13250 12120 9660 9080 10430 . . .

1-2.16 12251420
14101305132513501055. . . 9350 11810 12710 13370 10440 9470 10030 . .
12.16 12051350
f1065 . . . 9590 11700 13510 12990 10840 10180 10740 . .
13751295143013(13
1-2.22 1280,1330
WL
Zgdjyr 15yr
,.,
HARDER BURNED THAN NORMAL
1710
1710
1710
1725
1710
1710
1720
1730
1700
1700
1710
1740
1705
1700
1700
-.w
Spec.
ReSurf.
~u~b~r moldin{
, Effort
sq. cm.
jigs
per g.
~lexural Strength of 2 x 2 x 11~-in.

Prisms lb. per sq. in.
lb. per sq. in.
ld. in molds,
ld.
in
molds,
6d.
ld.
in
molds,
cured
in
Id. in molds, 6d. in
cured in water
in. water, then in
water until test.
water, then in air.
Mix by
until test.
air. Tested dry
Tested wet
Tested dry
Weight
Tested wet
_
----
TESTS FOR GR7.NDABILITY AND \LINKER PROPERTIES OF QUICKLY AND SLOWLY COOLED GRAB SAMPLES FROM A COMMERCIAL
KILN-PLANT
B-SERIES
276
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with A.S.T.M. C189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test).
Oxide analyses made on finished cements, minor constituents not determined, compound composition calculated to clinker basis.
Flexural strength tests made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars loaded at tbe center of an 8-in. span.
Compressive strength tests made on 2.in. modified cubes in accordance with method outlined by ASTM Specification C 116-35 T using half beams remaining from tlexural test.
Length change measurements made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars equipped with stainless steel gage points. Mortar mix approximately 1-2 by weight of graded ONo. 4 Elgin sand.
Water content kept constant so long as consistency as indicated by the remolding effort was within 40 & 10 jigs. If the remolding effort fell outside this range, the water content
was adiusted as reauired.
Aut~clave tests madeon 1 x 1 x 1lx-in. neat bars of A.S.T.M. normal consistency. Tbe bars were autoelaved for 5 hours (3 hours at 420F. maximum temperature) in accordance
with the current autoclave test procedure. In general all values are the average of two tests made on different days.
(A) Rewdts of Strm@h Tests
TABLE M.COOPERATIVE
14782
14783
14781
14785
14786
14784
7s
7P
IQ
8S
8P
8Q
14790
10P
0.560
0.100
0.073
0.60.3 .242
0.136 .248
0. O!J8 .258
0.415 0.491 0.531 .226 .194

0.064 0.103 0.135 .250 .230
0.051 0.079 0.105 .252 .234
0.461
0.063
0.049
.216
.256
.260
.197
.241
.247
.032
.040
.041
.082
.090
.096
.07.4
.093
.098
.058
.078
.090
.111
.096
.103
.088
.108
.116
.070
.091
.104
5yr.
..
.
.
,(+)
.124 . .
.126 . .
.143 . .
.116
.133
.142
.096
.111
.127
.120
.132
HARDER BURNED THAN NORMAL
.232
.286
.296
.025
.040
.040
.018
.035
.040
.106
.082
.070
.085
.(M3
.098
.107
(+)
2yr.
.177
.142
.171
Wj
in molds, then in
water
.128 .146
.102 .115
.102 .117
(+)
6m.
Id.
(),(),()
lyr.
(),()
5yr.
2yr. II
of 2 x 2 s
.074
.069
.068
.065
.063
.064
.069
.06.5
.066
.079
.073
.072
\_
~~~M8
M9102i02210281034
. .086 .080
.0.59,.011,.0211.029].03.1
.0.89 .0821
.065(.012 .021.0.30 .036
.Wo .085.. . .070 .012 .023 .0?8 .032
.093 .087
.087 .083
.089 .083
.091 .os.5
.089~.08.3
.093 .088
.058. 017 .028!.034:.041

.0651.015 .02d. o.13.O4O
.062 1.009 [11
.019 .026.032
.067 .012!.020 .027 .033
.072:.010 .019.026.031
\lll
.071,.008 .019!.027:.032
.066!.010 .017I. O2.Z .028
,,. .068 .011!.0191.027 .031
Zyr. .5yr.
(+) (+)d
I
1=
Id. in mohls, thcrr in

water
28[1. em. lyr.

(+) (+),(+)
.170 .073 . . .088 .082 . . . .061 .012 .023.030.036

. . . .072
.178 .069 . . .088 .082
.064 .013;.022!.028~.034 . . . .068
.191 .069 . . . .090,.085 . . .
.166 .069
.190 .070
.200 .069
.136 .077
.156 .065
.168 .064
.148 .075
.170 .070
.191* .073
or expansion (+)
.053:.019 /.032 ~.039.04j
.
&L
,+
Id. in mohls, 6d. water,

then in nir at 50~o R.H.
.228 .070 . . . .08tl .074

.085 .078
.194 .072:
.088 .0831....
.204 .069
(+)
()
11~-in. Prisms during Storage Pericxf Indicated
Percent Contraction
10yr. 28d.16m.
Neat Bzrs
-.. .
BURNED
THAN
NORMAL
24,0 0.195 0.282 0.348 .192 .152 .150 .104* . . . .151 .072 .140 .165 .196 . . . .270 .060 . . . .078.071 . . . .052.021.034.042.048 . . . .084
SOFTER
.264 .034 .090 .110 .136 . . . .194 .071 . . . .082.074 . . . .057.015.027.035.043 . . . .078
23.5 0.554 0.682 0.732 .222 .220 .233* .223 .
.298 .057 .115 .134 .161 . . . .218 .071 . . . .083.078 . . . .061.014.025.031.038 . . .073
23.5 0.113 0.970 0.216 .236 .239 .252 .244 .
24.0 0.100 0.140 0.176 .230 .234* .247* .236 . . . .288 .060 .126 .148 .176 . . . .252 .069 . . . .086.080 . . . .062.015.026.(J3t.043 .. .076
23.4
23.7
24.1
.278
.278
.302
.244t .231
.252t .234
.264t .251
.215
.222
.234
23.5
23.5
24.0
.238
.250
.256
.062
.048
.044
.276
.314
.306
0.428
0.105
0.084
.198
.238
.236
.242t .230
.273* .262
.268t .258
0.394
0.079
0.062
0.761
0.187
0.138
0.195 0.250 0.297 .233 .214

0.022 0.045 0.072 .264 .242
0.023 0.044 0.067 .259 .238
(+)
28d.
23.5
23.5
23.5
()
10yr.
.268 .024
.290 .038
.308 .040
()
5yr.
.237f .228
.260t .248
.270t .257
()
2yr.
.213
.238
.244
Iyr.
.108
.263
.266
6m.
.143 .098
.238* .220
.240t .222
0.796
0.228
0.172
()
.133
.216
.218
0.689
0.129
0.097
a One spec~men only.

One spec]rnen cracked at time of reading.
t Both specimens cracked at time of reading.
14788
14789
14787
9s
9P
9Q
23.0
24.0
24.5
14779
14780
14778
6S
6P
6Q
Average
5, 6, i, 8S
5, 6, 7, 8P
5,6, 7, 8Q
0.316
0.043
0.036
23.5
24.0
24.5
14776
14777
14775
5s
5P
5Q
cles
2 cy- 3c~%- 28d.
()
Cy~le
() or Expansion (+-) of 1 x 1 x 11~-in.
and Lengllt Chauges
during Storage Period Indicated

Id. in molds, then in air at
5070 R.H.
Percent Contraction
(B) .4 ~docluve Exparzsiom
()
Lot No.
(3hr. at Maximum
Tem~~erature
420 F.)%
Test No.
Water
Nyc.
Expansion during
5hr. in .4utoclave
-----
~
/$
$
~
&
~
~
H
k
7
$
~
z
w
$
d
0
z
14903
14902
14901
14906
14905
14904
14909
14908
14907
IQ
2s
2P
2Q
3s
3P
3Q
4s
4P
4Q
39.3
37.3
36.6
14915
14914
14913
6S
:6
;;
40.8
39.6
42.5
14912
14911
14910
46.3
45.9
46.8
41.3
42.0
42.7
49.4
48.8
48.4
45.2
4s.2
46.8
49.2
47.5
49.4
Ss
Average
1,2, 3,4, S
1, 2, 3, 4, P
1, 2,4, 4, Q
1s
1P
14900
14899
14898
12.2
12.0
11.6
30.8
32.4
33.2
29.6
30.1
28.0
11.7
12.9
13.1
13.0
13.2
12.3
24.8 12.6
24.9 12.5
24.1 12.3
29.6 12.1
28.4 12.2
27.2 12.8
21.3 13.2
22.0 12.8
22.9 12.2
25.6 12.9
25.4 12.9
24.0 12.7
22.5
23.8
22.2
10.2
10.6
10.3
10.4
10.7
10.6
9.8
9.8
9.9
10.3
10.3
10.0
9.6
9.s
10.2
9.5
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.9
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.6
0.49
0.79
0.84
0.05
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.90
0.62
0.07
0.29
0.27
0.04
0.75
0.49
0.25
1.12
0.76
0.18
1.43
0.95
1620
1610
1620
1630
1630
1660
1620
1610
1580
1630
1590
1640
41
41
38
42
38
42
40
43
35
43
41
35
39
42
38
39
40
37
1650
1610
1640
BURNED
43
4.3
SOFTER
1640
1620
1610
II
.-
1-1.83 1085 13301126511751460 990~ 825 . ..16440 8760 107601.10330r7380i7680i8560 . . .

12351025. ..[7720 9360 11360[10970870086809270
1-2.08 11551260!1375
12551390
:::
1295
~1075. ../7640 9610 10390 9960,8890,8730,9500
1-2.08 117012951245
127011280
TNAN NORMAL
1-1.77 1090113101134513901
13551165 840 . ..16960 9.550! 1o690 10930831080408540 ..
1-1.97 12101330,142012951300 1255 900
82201 10~~ol 11810 1219093708 60 9830 .
1-2. O.f 12151126011460,1
! 9430
76401 9960[ 10770 115009090990
.
.?151126511330965
I
9793 11090107808820
8100!8960. .
9740 1096O11380,9100
86609310
9480 1058010640190CQ
8880,9470. . .
9620 11410 1017O81OO

7730:8240 .
9930 11150 118609250 87609260 . . .
9620 10450 103708970 88209780
. . 8120 10440 11260 11270956085709300 . .

. . 8290 9930 10990 114509420 90809900 . .
8960,9650
. . 8060 9620 11220 11240192Wl
8.3809310. . .
. . 7630 9720 10670 103009010
83509140. . .
. . 7450 9770 10960 11350,8900
8960,9250 . .
. . 7670 9310 10140 9960,9040
1-1.69 11251405 14101295113101160805 . . . 7100

1-1.97 12101370 14651415 13701290 950 . . . 8040
1-1.90 11451235 13551245 12101420 870 . . . 7840
I
I
1-2.04 1130113551430133101134011205
840 -.. 7540
1360.
I34O1325I131O
1-2.24 1170,1315
1005 . . . 7800
1-2.20 1150,1300
13001122511240
f1360920 . . . 7790
1-2.10 11301365 143513201310:1180 835

1-2.30 11851345 138513301290,1255 1075
1-2.25 1170 13501295106512201270 870
Ill
1-2.35 1130 130514301330113251275 835
1-2.35 12001300 128013701330,1355 98S
1-2.30 11601330 1355,124513101360 955
1-2.02 1135 13501445i129511415]

1205 875 . . . 7330 9390~ 11010 1137018610776019010
1-2.35 10851245131512451131513351005 . . . 7430 9330, 10740 108808810 84708950 .
...
876019190
1-2.35 11301285119511340,122011380975 . . . 7600 9380 10530 11010,8810
HARDER BURNED T~iAN NORJdAL
23.5
13.5
2.0
8.7
43.2
27.4
21.6
7.1
3.3
5+:;
29.7
5::;
34.3
1620
1610
1620
24.9 35.9
32.4 48.8
4.1
15.5
9.7
1.9
6.7
29.4
19.3
14.3
6.0
3.1
4.2
38.4
21.0
3::;
24.0
3:::
29.0
4.4
57.8
42.3
TESTS FOR GRINDABILITY AND CLINKER PROPERTIES OF QUICKLY AND SLOWLY CWLED GRAB SAMPLES FROM A COMMERCIAL
KILNPLANT C-SERIES
276
All. of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with A.s.T.M. C189,Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over Boiling Water (Pat Test).
Ox]de analyses made on finished cements, minor constituents not determined, compound compositimr calculated to clinker basis.
Flexural strength tests made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars loaded at the center of an 8-in. span.
Compressive strength tests made on 2-in. modified cubes in accordance with method mstlincd by ASThf Specification C 116-35 T using half beams remaining from flexural test.
Length change measurements made on 2 x 2 x 11~-in. mortar bars equipped with stainless steel gage r,oints. Mortar mix approximately 1-2 by weight of graded ONo. 4 Elgin sand.
~vater ~Ontent kept cOnstant so long as consistency as indicated by tbe remO1dingeflort ~va~within 40 & 10 jigs. If the rem&ling effort fell Outside this range, the Water COIl@Ilt Wi3S
adjusted as required.
Autoclave tests made on 1 x 1 x 11~-in. neat bars of A.S.T.M. normal consistency. The bars were autoclave for s hours (3 hours at 420F. maximum temperature) in accordance
with the current autoclave test procedure. In general al[ values are the average of two tests made on different days.
(A) Results oj .Wrenglh Tcsls
Compressive Strength of 2-in. Modified
Flexural Strength of 2 x 2 x 11%-in.
Cubes lb. per sq. in.
Prisms lb. per sq. in.
~~;f
T:~t
~:r~
Re.
Calculated Compound Composition
ld. in molds,
Id. in molds,
ld. in molds,
Id. in molds,
m-old*ix
by
of CIinkersYo
6d. in water,
cured in water
curedin water
6d. in water,
~u~bir
Hci
Test No.
Lot No.
until test.
then in air.
until test.
then in air.
$:rt
Weight
Tested wet.
tested dry.
._ Sq. cd.
Tested wet.
Tested dry
--
jigs
per g.
Free TheC,S I C2S I CaA I C4AF I MgO I Cao
10 28d. 11yr.~5yr.1 ~~. 2Sd.1 lyr. I 5yr. I 10yr. 28d.1lyr.~5yr.1 ~.
28d.1lyr.15yr.1 Yr.
nol I Clear
TABLE N.COOPERATIVE
. . . -...
.
6m.
()
.418
.297
.273
.
.024 ~61J
.463 .030 .070.097; .129

.320 .047 .098.130 .163
.299 .042 .095,.126.160
_
.590 .033 .075.106( .136

.420 .038 .080.109 .139
.348 .032 .077.104 .134
TFIAN NOML
.496 .047 .091!.121 .154

.365 .050 .102.133 .172
.325 .057 .120;.156 .197
BURNED
SOFTER
.032 .076 .106 .142

.024 .062 .088 .116
.031 .076 .105 .134
.490
.428
.362
..
.
122
.504
.306 .046 :100.134 :174
.296a .038 .0921.124 .158
HARDER BURNED TFS~NNORMAL
0.S72 0.731 0.774 .441 .448* :4.:4.: .442

..376
0.064 0.124 0.157 .353 ..372*
0.006 0.023 0.038 .290t .302 .304 .316
0.494 0.S87 0.622/.405 .429

0.158 0.226 0.260 .292 .306
0.050 0.068 0.088 .258 .276
.422
.300
.278
.518
.384
.320
.
...
..
...
0.504 0.606 0.642 .432 .4S5* .446: .4S6

0.171 0.244 0.284 .292 .292 . 284* .290
0.047 0.068 0.082 .257 .269 .268 .274
0.714 0.787 0.822: .490 . 523f .s12

0.103 0.164 0.193/.354 .380t .375
0.020 0.040 0.054 .290 .313 .312
.365
.282
.272
2yr.
(+)
5yr.
(+)
NORMAL 14URN1NG
28d. 6m. lyr.

(+) (+) (+)
Id. in molds, then in

water
ld. in molds, 6d. water,

then in air at 50~0 R.H.
Id. in molds, then in

water
Percent Contraction () or Expansion (+) of 2 x 2 x

11~-in. Prisms during Storage Period Indicated
.
,..
...
...
.2221.105.1411.137.136
.246.077.107.104.103
.292t.069,.135
.133.132
I 1 I
.1241
.011.0201.044.032
l]
.078
.087.015,.024.
0.48.033 . . .072
.082.023,.034
{.054;.0$0/
.079
L..._
.071
. . .073
,072
.078
,066
.065
.072
,075
.072
.064
.073
.074
.070
.079
.07.5
.Ogo
.208t . 118!.152[.1501
.144l..
.l.~6.ol3 .02~.045 .(13~ .
.Iszt .09s .1.39.130,.130
.117 .013 .018.042 .026 . .067
.205t 0861124 123 124 . . .115 .013 .020;.044 .028 . . . .065
I
!.
II
1111
.179 .107 134.130.127 . .111.009.017.042.029
.235 .075 . 100 .096 .096
.078 .016 .025~.049 .034
.240 .070 .100 W9 099 . .0841.014,.022,.047.032
- 11!,1
_II
.182* .1141.139!.136 .133,

.116 1111
.009.017.044.029
.
.248t .070 .093 .090 .088 . . .069 .015 .025 .049.036 . .
.238* .071 101.100.100
. .085 .0131.024 .047.032! .
111[
II
.191*,.125 158.154.155
.1421.011.019.047.036
.198 1.092 119.116.116
. .101 .011.018.042.0271
.
.205t .083 116.115.115 . . .101.011..019.042.027
..
.
.
.
,.,
.
1-
-- 28d. 6m. lyr. 2yr. jyr. ~~

10yr. 28d. 6m. lyr. 2yr. 5yr. I ~~
(+) (+) (+) (+), (+)1~
(+) () () () () (),=
.370 .030 .067.0921.126 .151* .166 .091i.1151.llt\ .101 . .l.09t .010. 018.0421.017
.254 .055 .112.146 .180 . 228* .260 .066 .088 .085 .084
.065 .021 .031 .055~.038
.262 .052 .110.145 .180 .229* .263 .060.090.089 . 0S8
.071,.016.027,.050.034
.032.07(,10961
,31
1111
[i
..}87
.157 .178 .097 .124 .120 .118
.101 .006 .014.037.023
.298 .0s0 .1(U3.1.30 :lio
. 205* .234 .073 .099 .095 .Wt . . .078 .016 .026.051 .035
.29(3 .046 ,.100 .132 .170 .218* .255 .064 .094 .092.092
.076 .014.019 .019 .034
5 yr. 10 yr.
()
()
0.353 0.449 0.483 .35x .380 .366* .368

0.164 0.229 0.262 .275 .293 .282* .284
0.056 0.080 0.WI .2s4 .274 .268 .272
2 yr.
()
.347
.240
.246
.346
.246
.243
1 yr.
()
2s.s 0.485 0.s44 0.s79 .434 .446* .43S* .439 . . .

25.0 0.141 0.190 0.221 .322 .331 .328* .330 . . .
24.5 0.133 0.176;0.201 .282 .290 .280 .2s36 . . .
26.0
2s.0
24.0
25.5
24.S
23.5
27.5
25.5
23.S
28d.
()
ld. in molds, ~.~. in air at 50%
.346
.244
.246
One spcc~mcn only.

Orre specnncn cracked at time of reading.
t 110(11spccimcns cracked at time nf reading.
14915
14914
14913
6S
6P
6Q
5s
5P
5Q
14912
14911
l~gl(J
14909
14908
14907
4s
4P
4Q
Average
1,2, 3,4S
1,2,3,4P
1,2,3,4
Q
14906
14905
14904
3s
3P
3Q
26.5
2.4.5
23.5
24.0
24.0
23.5
149s33
14902
14901
3c;:s-
and Lenglh Chauges
() or Expanison (+) of 1 x 1 x 1I%-in. Neat Bms

(B) A uloclave Expamiom

Percent Contraction
0.403 0.505 0.S421.343 .358

0.195 0.267 0.300 .248 .260
0.078 0.105 0.120~.230 .250
1
2$;
~ycle
I.%.
%
N
;:
2Q
24.0
23.5
23.0
ot
Expansims during
5hr. in Autoclave
wat~~ (.3hr. at Maximum
Temperature
4201r.)~,
14900
14899
14898
1s
Test No.
14648
14650
14649
14651
14652
14654
14653
14655
14656
14658
14657
14659
14811
14812
14809
14810
14815
14816
14813
14814
15s1
15s2*~
1.5Q1*
15Q2*3
1;s1
I;S2*
17Q1
17Q2
21s1
- 21S2*
21(J1*
21Q2
22s1
22s2
22Q1*
22Q2*
23S1
23S2*
23Q1*
23Q2*
20.84
20.84
20.86
20.86
21.25
21.26
21.25
21.27
25.52
25.52
25.41
2S.53
21.68
21.70
21.67
21.70
22.92
22.85
22.89
22.93
6.78
6.78
6.78
6.78
6.82
6.83
6.82
6.83
3.60
3.60
3.58
3.60
7.08
7.09
7.08
7.09
6.94
6.92
6.93
6.94
4.75
4.75
4.74
4.75
14644
14646
14645
14647
3s1
3S2*e
3Q1*
3Q2*
22.47
22.48
22.41
22.46
--
6.31
6.31
6.31
6.31
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
1.70
1.70
1.69
1.70
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.31
4.64
4.64
4.63
4.64
4;42
4.42
4.43
4.87
60.51
60.60
60.66
60.64
63.74
63.76
63.75
63.79
67.71
67.70
67.42
67.74
64.01
6.4.06
63.98
64.06
66.73
66.62
(ii .65
66.75
62.92
62.96
62.75
62.88
64.28
64.07
64.05
63.67
5.19
5.19
S.20
5.20
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.39
1.39
1.38
1.39
4.96
4.96
4.96
4.96
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
5.15
5.15
5.14
5.15
1.37
1.48
1.39
1.61
sol
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.06
Tr.
0.03
Tr.
0.04
Tr.
Tr.
0.03
Tr.
0.08
0.03
0.05
0.05
Tr.
0.08
Tr.
Tr.
Cr.
Tr.
Tr.
Tr.
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tr.
Tr.
Tr.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
rr.
Tr.
0,06
0,05
Tr.
Tr.
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.16 0.03 0.04

0.12
0.15
0.08
I
0.17 0.04 0.06
0.18
0.05
0.08
0.14
0.21
0.60
0.15
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.18
0.32 Tr.
0.35
0..35 *::
0.22 Tr.
0.16
0.16
0.35
0.26
Ign. NazO KsO

LOSS
... .. . .
Minor Components-YO
...---
.23 0.27
0.11
1.23
0.56
.24 0.48
0.11
0.90
0.65
.21 0.00
0.00
0.00
Tr.
.41 Tr.
Tr.
0.46
0.19
0.27
0.24
0.28
0.28
0.31
0.26
0.32
0.28
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.14
0.23
0.22
0.27
0.27
.38 0.00 0.15

0.18
Tr.
0.11
0.28
0.17 0.23
.28 0.05 0.12

0.00 0.13
0.12 0.21
0.19 0.24
1ns.
~ FCO Residue
&
.
-
0.07 0.11 0.03 0.03 .30 0.00 0.09
Tr.
0.00 0.06
0.17 ~:
Tr.
1.07 0.34
0.03 0.08
0.05
0.58 0.33
Tr.
0.00
0.10 Tr.
. . ..
AIKh PC203 CaO hfgO
lZO IL;91X
14642 24:97 4:91
14641 25.09 5.02
14643 25.00 5.03
Si02
-.
. ......
...
... .
Major ComponentsYOc
1s1
1S2
lQI
1Q2
Clinker
Lot
x, .
-_
33.7
33.7
33.3
33.7
42.0
42.8
.16.0
42.7
55.0
55.0
38.s
55.0
45.0
45.0
40.1
45.0
47.5
42.9
44.0
41.5
46.8
46.8
42.2
46.3
32.3
31.7
29.0
28.4
Cas
34.4
34.4
34.7
34.4
29.2
28.6
33.8
28.8
31.7
.31.7
43.s
31.7
28.2
28.3
31.9
28.3
29.9
33.2
32.4
34.4
29.2
29.2
32.4
29..5
47.3
47.7
50.1
50.3
;:;
7.3
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
::;
6.7
6.7
15.0
15.0
[5.0
15.0
14.5
14..5
14.5
14.5
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
::;
5.1
5.6
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
;:;
7.0
7.0
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
13.5
13.4
13.5
14.8
CL+ C3A C4AV
5.19
5.19
5.20
5.20
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1450-1465
1450-1465
1450-1460
1450-1460
1450-1465
1450-1465
1450-1460
1450-1460
Burning
.rcnly.
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
.....
0.19
0.00
1.68
0.05
1450
1450
1525
1465
1445
1435
1500
1485
%w{
15.7
12.3
27.0
1.9
23.6
16.0
46.1
1.9
4:::
1450-1465 3.8
1450-1465 3.8
0.00 145W1465 25.4

0.00
1465 1.8
1.19 1485-1500 38.1
25.3
Tr.
1465
27.9
45.0
38.1
49.4
1.8
1.9
32.1
1.9
1.7
10.5
4.7
1.6
nol.
Phe-
24.9
19.5
41.8
1.9
36.2
24.0
67.3
1.9
:::
50.7
1.8
41.1
1.8
58.5
42.3
45.0
67.6
57.7
72.6
1.8
1.9
44.0
1.9
1::{
5.9
1.6
GIcar
Merriman
Sugur Test
End Pointsf
-- -- ---
0.00 1450
I
1.Ioh 1425-1465
0.84 1465-1485
1.46~ 1465
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.00
Free
Cao
1.39
1.39 kr?
1.38 4.00
1.39 Tr.
4.96
4.96
4.96
4.96
0.7Q
0.79
0.79
0.79
5.1.5
5.15
5.14
5.15
1.37
1.48
1.39
1.61
higO
;alculatcd Compound Composition-%
.-
3:
22
3
3
13
14
1:
3
2
!
14
15
It
16
2;
21
2;
18
Approx.
Alss
Content
!8d
ted
Pas-
68
66
76
71
82
73
88
85
92
92
x
93
90
62
67
:;
59
57
72
72
89
84
81
81
91
91
87
87
85
91
s
s
F
I?
s
s
F
F
s
s
F
F
Ss
Ss
F
F
Ss
s
F
F
98
99
106
103
98
9s
102
103
s
s
F
F
s
Ss
F
F
73
75
83
80
63
60
70,
70
7d
Heat of
1~:$Con.
dit$o
AND BURNING TEMP13RATURE OF CLIN KERSSERT13S 277

(Fellowship Investigation K-s)
Clinker.s wer~ prepared at the P.C.A. Fellowship at Washington and are rlesignatcrf accorrfirr~ LOheat treatment as follmvs:
S1. Burned m a hatch kiln at t}le indicated temperature for 20-30 minutes, thcu zllmvcd to cool S1OWIY
in the kiln.
S2. Reburn of S1, coohxf under same con(iitions as in first burn.
rutary
kiln,
cooled
quickly
in air.
Q1. Burncrf in a 5-in. by 8-ft. experimental
nf S1, except as noted, in the rotary kiln and coolm.fquickly in air.
(J2. Rcl)urn
Cbcrnical an:ilyscs were made on the clinkers by the usual P.C.A. methods,which,for the mi~jmconstituentsare similarto currentA.S.T.}f. methodsexcept that silica k separated
}?Ytbc ammoniumchloride method of E. E. Maczkmvske. FcO determined by R. H. ilo~ues method; TiOZ by colorimctric method; NazO and K20 by Berk and Rollers method; free
hme by Ifoguc and Lcrchs method. Each value is the average of two or more detcrminatinns.
Yree CaO rleductcd from total CaO in calculatin~ coml)ound cmnllositiou. No allmvancc ma(lc for S(,3s,FcO, TiO, mrrf insoluble residue.
TABLE O .COMPOSITION
..
i3
3.41
3.41
3.41
3.41
3.38
3.39
3.39
3.39
15258 19.42110.66
15259 19.4210.66
15260 19.4210.66
15261 .18.42 10.67
15262
15263
15264
15265
32S1
32S2
32Q1*
32Q2*
33s1
33S2*
33Q1*
33Q2*
61.84
61.91
61.89
61.93
65;43
65.44
65.45
65.48
4.92
4.92
4.92
4.92
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
5.21
5.22
5.21
5.21
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
Tr.
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.23 0.02
0.14
0.15
0.12
0.16 Tr.
0.15
0.14
0.10
0.16 Tr.
0.13
0.12
0.11
39.7
40.0
39.9
40.1
31.2
31.3
31.2
31.3
43.3
43.3
42.5
43.3
42.0
41.7
41.9
41.9
0.19
0.17
0.16
().19
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.30
0.23
0.20
0.15
0.14
0.14
().16
0.16
0.15
0.04
0.04
.73 0.14
0.09
0.45
0.33
.71 0.15
0.03
0.32
0.36
.30 0.00
0.00
0.22
Tr.
.33 0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
.49 0.05
0.04
0.38
0.14
.53 0.06
Tr.
0.12
0.13
0.28
0.21
0.28
0.24
32.3
32.3
32.2
32.4
42.2
42.3
41.5
42.4
38.3
38.2
38.2
38.3
0.16
0.16
0.20
0.20
.38 0.04
0.04
0.45
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.29
0.24
42.9
42.8
42.8
42.8
0.15
0.13
0.16
0.16
,33 Tr.
0.00
0.30
0.29
38.9
40.6
37.8
40.6
0.22
0.14
0.17
0.14
.17 0.00
Tr.
0.00
0.00
66.6
68.5
55.5
68.2
0.31
0.24
0.28
0.29
,15 0.05
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.03
Tr.
0.00
28.6
28.6
28.6
28.5
23.S
23.8
24.4
23.7
38.0
38.2
38.1
38.0
41.6
41.7
42.1
41.7
41.0
41.0
41.1
41.0
35.7
35.4
35.5
35.4
37.4
37.5
37.5
37.4
37.6
37.6
37.7
37.6
44.2
43.1
45.2
43.2
20.8
19.5
29.1
19.7
23.6
23.6
23.6
23.6
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
:;;
5.8
5.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
;::
2.6
2.6
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
;::
7.5
7.5
;::
7.6
7.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
.-
4.92
4.92
4.92
4.92
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.8S
5.21
5.22
5.21
5.21
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
4.63
4.64
4.64
4.64
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
4.82
4.83
4.83
4.83
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
6.09
6.10
6.10
6.11
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
0.0
0.0
Tr.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
Tr.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
...
0.0
0.4
Tr.
0.7
Tr.
0.45
0.00
3.15
0.07
..... .
15.2
1.9
33.1
2.0
8.9
9.0
4.9
2.0
20.6
17.0
7.1
3.9
1440-1475
1450
1450-1500
1450-1500
1450-1460
1450
1450-1500
1475-1500
12.3
11.9
28.4
23.1
14.5
13.3
34.7
27.1
1445-1460 1.9
1450
1515-1540 ;::
14751500 1.8
1445-1460
1440
1500-1525
1500-1525
1455
1-350
1500-1550
1450-1500
1445
29.3
27.7
1450
1500-1,550
12.3
1450-150011.6
1450-1460 1.9
1440
1.9
1500-1550 1.9
1450-1500 1.8
1450-1460 1.9
1440
2.0
1500-1550 1.8
1450-1500 1.8
1445-1460 2.5
1450
1520-1550 1:::
1520-1550 2.0
1455
1450
1485
1465
18.1
20.1
19.3
47.7
38.5
23.5
21.1
56.1
45.7
1.9
8.3
1.8
1.8
12.8
13.9
5.4
2.0
11.1
5.5
33.8
26.9
47.9
44.6
18.0
17.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.5
2.2
16.5
2.0
3::;
2.0
1
11
0
...
74
76
78
30
* Non-volatile constituents, Si02, Fe@a, A1z02,CaO and MgO calculated in same proportions as S1 clinker, and to the same total of volatile and non-volatile constituents.
t Expressed in ml. of SN HC1.
a 3S2 and 3Q2 are reburns of 3Q 1 instead of 3S1.
b 15s2 and 15Q2 are reburns Of a ortion of 15S1which had a free CaO content of 3.2%.
CMajor components not correcte J for minor components.
d s indicates slightly stiff; SS, very stiff; F, fluid.
Note: Oxide analysis for Clinkers No. 22, 23 and 24 made on the cement and adjusted to clinker values. Insoluble resi(iue not qdjusted to ciinkcr vaiue. S0s, FeO anti Free CaO made
on clinker.
18.45~11.07
18.4711.08
18.47111.08
18.4711.08
I
15254 24.29 4.22
7.52
7.52
7.52
7.52
4.99
.5.00
5.00
5.00
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.02
63.53
63.53
63.54
63.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
15255 24.31 4.23

152S6 24.30 4.23
15257 24.30 4.23
31s1
31S2*
31Q1*
31Q2*
0.20 0.02
0.17
0.28
0.12
0.02
Tr.
0.02
0.02
67.01
67.03
66.96
67.06
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48
4.52
4.53
4.52
4.S3
15250 25.91
1.5251 25.92
15252 25.88
15253 25.93
30s1
30S2
30Q2*
30Q2*
0.30 0.02
0.19
0.10
0.15
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
62.65 4.64
62.731 4.64
62.78 4.64
62.76 4.64
2.46
2.46
2.46
2.46
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.33
22.51
22.53
22.56
22.55
15124
15125
15126
15127
29S1
29S2
29Q1*
29Q2*
0.24 D.02
0.22
0.27
0.19
0.03
0.02
0.07
Tr.
65.79 0.91
65.841 0.91
65.80, 0.91
65.86 0.91
2.51
2.51
2.51
2.51
22.89
22.88
22.87
22.88
15120
15121
15122
15123
28S1
28S2*
28Q1*
28Q2
0.20 0.03
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
62.33, 4.82
62.37, 4.83
62.3714.8.3
62.38 4.83
4.42
4.42
4.42
4.42
23.10
23.12
23.13
23.12
15116
15117
15118
15119
27S1
27s2
27Q1*
27Q2*
4.62
4.61
4.62
4.62
0.14 D.03
0.34
0.12
0.17
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
65.34
65.20
6S.35,
65.31
4.60
4.59
4.60
4.60
24.40
24.35
24.41
24.39
15112
15113
15114
15115
26S1
26S2*
26Q2*
26Q2*
0.60 0.03
0.46
0.35
0.31
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
2.4.3
2.43
2.43
2.43
62.73 6.09
62.80 6.10
62.881 6.10
62.90 6.11
2.43
2.43
2.43
2.43
25.66
25.69
25.72
2.5.74
15108
15109
15110
15111
25S1
25S2
25Q1*
25Q2*
68.431 1.17
68.50 1.17
68.321 1.17
68.52 1.17
2.68
2.69
2.68
2.69
0.24 rr.
0.16
().42
0.13
2.67
2.68
2.67
2.68
24.78
24.81
24.74
24.81
14819
14820
14817
14818
24S1
24S2
24Q1*
24Q2*
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
.. . .
w
~
TABLE P.LENGTH CHANGE$

.4110fthecements weresoundwhen tested inaccordance with A.S.T.Jf. C189-44, TesJfOr Smrndness$ Hydraulic Cemeot
Values of expansion andcontraction forlxlx
ll~-in: neat prlsmsare results ofaslngle test. Specimens cured 24hr, i0
during autoclaving.
Values of expansion and contraction for 2x2 x9X-in. prisms are the average of 2 tests made on different days. IIil.,
Calculated Compound
Compositoin%
#
~
c
,:
g
tot
i?
Vicat
Needle
1551
i5S2
1:01
!:Q~
1st
:::i:::l ;;::
::::1
:;:;
+0 .944
;
;
E1l.11
+0,5011+0.690,+0.792
+0.20~i+0.361~+ 0.424
::
pll.11
t15.o
+1.619 +2.222+2.717
+0.811 +1.836,+1,990
I;Q2
2151
11s2
21Q1
21Q2
14656 55.0!31.7
14658 55.031.7
14657 38.543.8
14659 55.0,31.7
22s1
~1~~
22Q1
22(]2
23S1
23S2
23Q1
23Q2
3:20 6:40
3:15 5:55
3:30 7:00
5:201 8:3o
+0.299 ~+0.367!+0.393~ .210

+0.524,+0.572 +0.602,.153
+0.203 ~+0.286 +0.332 ,125
.111
+1.019,+1.098,+1.147
.277
.374
.235
.234
.305
.416
.246
.240
.3:1
., \2ij
$..
.110
.2:3
, 2s2d
.211
.176
.146
.296
.208
, 16(J
,092
,271
,195
.158
.095
.220
5:10~ 8:10
3:50, 6:3o
2:50~ 5:50
5:15 7:10
14811 42.0129.217.1]19.8!1.45!0.1
14812 !2.S 28.6 7.1 19.81.450
14809 36.033. SI 7,1 19.8,1 .45,1,6
14810 43.728.8 7.1 19.81,450,0
!4.03:35
!4.0,3:55
11,52:40
12.53:30
8:10
8:40
6:30
7:30
4:45
5:05
3:55 i
4:20
II
+2,896,+2.9641+2,984
+0.139, +0.166+ 0.174
+3,473+3.652\+3 .760
+0.073+0.119 +0.146
,193
.189
.126
.178
.230d
,222
.079
. 192d
14815 33.7134.4
14816 33.7/34.4
14813 33.3,34.7
14814 33.734.4
14,04:00
!3.5/3:10
!1.513:05
!1.014:20
S:30
7;40
7:30
8:40
4:55 8:30
4:1OI 7:40
4:20 7:30
5:55 8:40
.179
.186
.233
.223
8.211.17!0.4 ?4J4:40
13.5!5 45
8.21.17:0
S.211.1713.1 13.0!3:10
13.5~5:50
8:40
8:20
6:50
8:45
5:40
6:45
4:20
6:45
5211-39i
r
7.3 19.25 .19,0

7.3 19.215.190
7.3 19.25 .200,1
7.3 119.25 .20,0
14819 66.6!20.81 2.6

14820 68.5119.5~2.6
14817 55.529.11 2.5
;:2;
14818
582119126
25s1 1s10s 38.944.2 2.3 I
25s2 1510940.643.1 2.3
25Q1 1511037.8,45.2 2.3
2502
-2P1710.0
7.4 6.09!0,4
7.416.10 T!
7,416.100.7
37.4
37.5
37.5
31.4
8:00
8:10
8:20
9:00
+7.21
p15.5
+16.1
+9.44
11
lb
.222
!4:45\
4:40,
,4:50
4:45
7:40
7:40
6:30
6:30
. 2S9
.271
.191
.224
.318
.288
.296
.306
. 180d
.174d
.182d
. 190d
.188
.182
.191
.200
.202
. lg.~
.203
.211
.158d
. 167d
.176
.187
.160
.170
.171
.188
.164
.179
.173
.199
. 275d
.322d
. 2ood
.242d
.290
.339
,202
.246
.332
.395
.214
,272
.2061
.216
.166
1,162
. 235d
.234d
. 168d
. 170d
.250
.252
.168
.173
.280
.293
.17s
.185
+0.176+0.208+0 .2261.152~
+0.177 +0.200 +0.213 .158
+0.092 +0. 121 +0.142 .1561
+0.071 i+0.103(+0.1241 .1631
. 166d
. 173d
.180
.188
.175
.183
.188
.196
.19,20/
,202
.212
7:25 14:oo1 7:2j

5:00 13:30 5:00
...
.
..
6:30 3:45 6:30
!2.O3:30~7:40
!2.53:40 7:40
!3003:001 6:30
!3.0,3:00 6.30
:;:id
. 199d
. 226d
.260d\ .294
.258d1 .266
.242
.275d ;:;:
.220
.216
.248
+0:781 ]+1:2141+1 :2721:176

17.e)3:lXJ
18.02:15
15.5 ,..
15.52:15
:;::
.306
.302
k;:
.272
.294
H;:7
+18.8
+22.2
+7.21
+7.21
4.50.850
4,50.850
4.50.850.2
4.510,85,0
1+0~4280~492 :;;:~
+7.8
+4:,:38 ,+o~309/+oi349 :;g
29S1*
29s2
29Q1*
29Q2*
Ill
30s1* 1525043.3,41.6
9.5
30S2 1525143.3 41.7 9.5
3(JQ1* 1525242.5 42,1 9.5
30Q2* 15253143.341.7 9.5
:!:;;4
5:20 8:00
.166
5:40~ 8:00 -0.021 -0,008-0.001
0.000 +0,006 !+0.014 .162
5:20~ 8:10
5:30 8:2o +0.002 1+0.019 \+0.032 !.170
6:10 9:OO -0.023 -0.010 0.001 ,177
II
5.713.514.820
5.8;13.5,4.83 O
5,8,13.54.830
5,8 13.54.830
I
{
28S1 1512039.735.7 15.7 7.60.910
28s2 1512140.0 35.4{15.7 7.60.910
26Q1 1512239.9 35.5!15.7 7.60.911 Tx
28Q2 15123;40.1 3s.4~15.7 7.6,0 .91,0
1511638.3
1511738.2
1511838.2
151193s.3
!2,54:40I
!3.04:15
!3.0 4:30
?2.0,5:10
t13.3
*21.11
.322
.401
.180
.282
.z~j
.266
.251
. 2(!s
. 060d ~i;y
.212
8:40
S:20
6:50
8:45
13.04:45 8:45 5:45 8:45

?2.5~4:45 8:10 5:45 S:lo
!2.5~4 30 8:40 5:30 8:40
2014~20 800
23 741611
lS1111A61A32
15112142.9137.614.5!14.010.800
1511342.837.6, 4.514.0;0.8 !0
1511442.8137.7, 4.5~14.00.800
1511542.8 37.6[ 4.514.00.800
8:10
8:40
6:35
7:30
2yr,
(-)
.342~
. 4~jd
.267
.269
. 262d .273
.212 .205
.182 . 132d
.244 . 240d
16.0[4:00! 8:05
15.5~3:20 6:3o
?3.02:40 5:5o
!3.0 4:35 I 7:10
6.71 5.2,1 .39,0

6.7 5.2:1.39i Tr
6.6 5.lil.38;4,0
6.7
24s1
24s2
27S1
27S2
27Q1
2iQ2
.172
.154
.137
.180
~lrj
.303d .303
.370dl .364
::::1
.182 .175
,177
.254 .251
I
+0.25 ~~+0.295\+0.307 .1871
+--:r~~+oilol
+0 107 .187
088 +;~f; ~ ::~:
lb
.223
-0,028-0.007-0.007
.307 :299
II
26s1
26S2
24Q1
26Q2
.
I
~_dj16m. ()
/ 2nd , 3rd
14644
i3:04;45! 8;15 5;001 8:15
14646 &6:829:2 417114:15;150
14645 $2.232.4 4.714.15.14~1. o 12.52:50 6:00 3:20 6:00
?1.5,4:40, 8:10 5:151 8:10
14647
4631295i4711411s01310-1
14648 47.5;29.9:14.5 7.00.79:0
14650 !2.9 33.214.5 7.00.791,1
14649 !4.032.4:14.5 7.00.790,8
:.:,:.7$4
14651
1si344i]451
17QI
ld. in Molds t]leh
..
,_
I
~_
~_l_
-l-+.
ll
!4.014:451 8:10 5:2?, 8:10 +0.038 \+0.043~+0.046j .142
14640 32.3147.3~ 5.6113.51.3710
!9,03:15 8:15 4.0s, 8:15 +0.868)+0.874,+0.882 .214
14642 31.7,47.7 5.5113.4!l.48~0
14641 29.050.1 5.8 13.5~1,39~0.2 !1.515:00 lo:45a 5:45!11:00 +o.071+0.092,+ 0.108 .152
:.$l.:i;.;l:
14643 ~.~i~.~
+0.011 +0.032 +0.047 .157
?6.0!2:451 6:40
14652 !5.028.2:15.01
?8.02:30 5:5o
14654 !5.0 28.3,15.0, 6:8{4:960
14653 !0.1 31.9 15.0/ 6.8 4.96!1 .11 ?3.02:451 6:50
14655 !5.0128,3;15.0 6.84.96 Tr 13.014:10~8:30
17S1
1;S2
-.
~~1
~:~
!Ql
~Qz
Expansion during 5 hr.

in Autoclave (3 hr. at
Max. Tern , 420F) at
G~llld~ee
Cycle In $lcated%
2
~
1s1
1~~
lQI
!Q2
Percent Contraction
Time of Setting
b
b
..130
IJF PRIShlSSERIES
277
1)\cr B?iling }Vater (Pat Test) except 21Q1, for which the pat was ,ha[d and sound but warped slightly at edges.
!fi,}lds m moist closet and tested at age of I day or stored aS mdlcated. Compamon bars used m determining expansion
1.J
..- by weizht: fine agmegate.
..- --- El~in sand graded O-NO.4.
,-) or Expansion (+) of 1 x 1 x IIX-in. Neat prisms

1.iir
._
jyr. e
(-)
2yr.
(+)
.089
. . .011~.018!.0221.027).029
.077 io31.rjbi .i06 .ii3 .124 .012:.017 .022.025.030
0861.080.083
.089
.056
.098 .010,021 .030 .031 ,035
.063 092\.0911.094,..102
.108 . 015].026 .030,.033,.037
.096
.100
.186
.138
.119
,124
.218
.164
.154
.156
.261
.199
.180
.182
.296
.226
.056
.061
.045
.050
082[ 0741075
086/:075.074
077.065.064
083,.075.075
.077
.072
.061
.074
.081
.064
.055
.071
.012 .027 .037!.043,053 .067

.022 .045 .0s9: .063 .073 .086
.015 .036 .0471.053~.059 ,070
.059
.087
.078
.098
.074
.108
,093
.119
.085
.124
.108
.141
.098
.142
.128
.163
.098
.148
.138
.176
.096
.072
.075
.074
128,.118.120
104I.0921.092]
107I.094 .096
102.095 .092
.123
.087
.093
.088
.124
.079
.086
.081
.017
.017
.016
.018
.052
.058
.102
.04+
.105
.112
.186
.096
.135
.143
,242
.133
.180
.178
.282
.162
.227
.233
.334
<199
.265
.283
.374
.228
.103
.107
.067
.083
.111
,120
.061
.101
.108
,120
.054
.101
.026
.021
.216
.037 1
.047
.041
.279
.060
.061
.054
.309
.074
.072
.061
.331
.088
.089
.075
.358
.107
.097
,080
.373
.118
.074
.082
.027
.061
1321.115.114
140.123 .121
093.071 .069
117 102 .101
1
109I.0981.O98
118.108I.1O8
055 ,048 .048
104 .098 .098
.099
.
.049
.098
.()~o .o~~
.016 .034
.071 .118
.014 ,035
,053
.045
.141
.048
.068
.058
.166
.065
.082
.070
.190
,07s
,091
,076
.205
,088
.081 . . . .086\. 085

.0911.090
.079
.060 ;;; .058].055
,074 . ..[.0801 .082
.084
.086
.055
.081
.169
.214
.184
.079 . . . ~.076 .075

.074 . . . .074 .073
.072 . . .077 .077,
,075 ,., ,082 .081
.070
.072
.078
.084
.101 .011 .018 .027 .026,033 .044

.010 .016 .021 .022 ,,,
.,.
,049
.093
:;; 8fl:;:l
?:?
8;!
.088 .0121 ,., .0211.021,028~ .042
.088 .011 .,. .021i .021 025
.059 .031
~: ~;~ ~
.083 .OJ ::: :;
;: -l:
i:.066 .01s . . .040.047~,058 .079
. . O*5].954 .065 .086
.076 .015
,016 ::: ::;;1 .040 .047 .063
.086 .015,
.042,.049 .066
.091
.066 . .
.063
.022 :::
.063 .,.
.086
.090
.022
.088
.091
.094
.027
.093
.015
.007
.058
.010
.016
.017
,034
.021
,042
,094
.081
.052
.107
.039
.040
.088
.063
.070
.072
.14.8
.107
:li6
.094
,039
,244; .058
.183; .047
.105 .062
!341
.419
,193
.295
.363
,4431
.2121
.3131
.3581
.3421
I
.3621
,3j2~i
311
.298 .347i
+.1s0 -.129
.227 .267;
(+)
iyr. e
(+)
.066
.046
.036
.051
.049
.086
.097
,109
.106
.109
.124
, 13?
,130
.136
.173
.158
.160
.186
.196
.259
.206
.208
.288 .324!
.324 .3741
To( mg
.298 .342
.065
,035
.219
.036
.103
.060
.326
.058
.l~o
,072
.364
,073
.145
.096
.397
.086
.168
.112
.433
.108
.184
.122
,462
,122
.336
.320
.30.4
..332
.353
.341
,314
.355
.049
.047
.160
.079
.108
.103
.243
,147
.137
.133
,287
.182
.174
.172
.347
.218
.231
.229
,418
.284
.276
.276
Broke]
.214
2s2
.206
.256
.237 .018
.023
.246 .035
.264 .032
.037
.043
.060
.057
.050
.050
,070
.063
.046
.055
.077
.071
,0>8
.066
,094
.085
.063
.167
.202
.181
.225
.184
.231
.202
.265
.034
.012
.059
.058
.086
.106
.114
.116
,107
.135
.135
.136
.127
.168
.159
.161
.355
.457
.237
.316
.429
.506
.274
.361
.038
.037
.030
!024
.061
.058
!057
.050
.066
.065
.067
.058
.318
.333
.196
.218
.346
.350
.225
.251
.101
.106
.083
.080
.166
.175
.146
.145
.070
.060
.089
.!352
.
207
.222
.216
.226
.2291 (048
.2471 .040
.234 .060
.245i .038
. - ---
k-
;-!
,3591
,343{
,236(
.247;
.315
,298
,204
.237
71 SW
.7 &w
i- .7
-7 :-i
&
.065
. ~~6
.106
.044 .054
\
.327
I .319
+:;;:
ld. in Molds, then in Water
.068
.067
.135
.112
.034
.036
.084
.065
Brofi
or
4aN
Oyr. ~ 28d.
() ~ (+)
,.
.3921 .022
.488 .027
.307 .054
.323 .043
.339I
.266
. 14+
.294
(-)
10yr.
(+)
lyr.
.321
.242
.132
.269
Expansion (+) of 2 x 2 x 9Yj-in.

Contraction
Id. in Molds, 6d. in Water

then in Air
Id. in Molds then in Water
I
1
-.+
6m.
(+)
.364
.461
.284
.293
.
Percent
.085 .087
.086 .090
~.026 .023
.086 .087
,042
,040
.044
.04.!
...
.0,0 .0211.0351,039!.049 .06j
.021
.027
.026
.028
.025 .027:.033 ,042

.032,.034 .039 .049
.029 .033,038 .048
.0351.037 .044 .056
II
.018 036 ,0521.0611.078~ .102
.025 ,042 .061~.070 .089 .113
.0371.070 .086 .094.105 .123
.017 .037 .048 .053 .064 .080
,., .0271.027~.028
,., .0211.022.026
.,, .0841.086,088,
. ..1.0211.021.0241
.042
.038
.099
.034
.058
.061
.043
.053
076 .082
076 .085
056\.061
0741.077
.,,
...
...
...
.099
.096
.074
.084
.106
.103
.081
.088
.072
.104
.09+
.056
.064
.067
.063
0741.0791. . .
075.0831 . . .
083 .091 .
077 .085 . .
.085
,088
.098
.096
,025
.093 .006 .010 .014 .,.
.092
.106 :8; :!!: :::!~ ::: :!;: ::8
.103 .009 .012 .013, . . . ,.018 .031
.158
.226
.191
.189
.183
.281
.218
.210
.063 0691.0741. . .079

.074
.064 0691.071
.071 122[~.:W;l. ..1 .091
,.
,
.
..~
.088
.065
.083 A;: m; .::;~ ; . ;

.~3
.076
.014
:027
:037
.:.
:052 :071
.094
.091 .012 .027 .043 . . . .055i .074
.077
.072
.078
.067
.091
.085
.095
.080
.099
.092
.105
.087
.103 129,131 .,.

.118 147 .150 .
.086 106.109 ,..
.104
.136
.155
.109
.132
.017.016.027
.017.018.026
.014.015.020
.012.015.022
,190
.203
.180
.171
.2z3
.250
,202
.202
.972
.321
.242
.253
.297
;::;
.068 092[.0911.090 .089

;06; 093.092.086 .086
096.096.090 .091
,082 1021.101.0931 .092
.086
.083
.088
.088
.031\
.049,060.082.095.120
.027.044.06 i.086 .105 .139
.021.039.049.066.076 .096
.021~,045 .OSO1
.0551.077\ .098
.078
.068
.103
,073
.086
.074
.114
.083
.103 I ,106
.089 I .093
.135 , .140
.100
.106
.066
.064
,066
.071
.096
.079
.099
.101
Lroke]
.286
.134
.152
.110
1291321
133
,.
1.094.096.099
1.087 .088 .083
.092 .093 .097
.098 .101.099,
:,
131
.098
.083
.100
.101
.027 .044 . ..!.066 .088

,034 .044
.054 .067 :::1::$1/ :;;:
0039,.052 / . ..!.073] .091
4.016
1.04:
...
...
,.,
..
.030 .043
.030 .044
.0261.039
.024 .034
.010.015:.017 .025.026! .036

.012 .018.020.025 .026~ ,034
.009 .016.018.025 .0251 .032
.006 .012.016.023.025
.034
I
Ill;
TABLE p,~
Time of Setting
Percent Contracti~Q
Expansion during 5 hr.
in Autoclave (3 hr. at
Max. Temp. 420F) at
Cycle Indicated%
Id. in Molds the
:
1.161{
4:00 8:00 5:00 8:00 +8.3
;
1.156
I
4:30 8:20 5:25 8:20 +13.3
4:40 8:40 5:40 8:40 +0.590 ~+3i55 +5&60 .193i
.184(
4:15 8:00 5:30 8:00 +6.68
32S1
32S2
32Q1*
32Q2*
II II
15258[42.2 23.87.2.5
1525942.323.822.5
1526041.524.422.5
15261i42.4 23.722.5
4:00
4:00
5:25
5:45 ,
10.40.850
123. 1:50 4:00 2:10
10.40.850
24. 2:30 4:00 3:30
10.40 .850.2 24. 2:30 5:25 3:15
10.40.850
24. 2:30 5:30 3:00
23.[ 2:10
33s1 1526232.3
28.623.610.34.920
23.! 2:45
33S2 1526332.328.623.610.34.920
33QI* 1526432.228.623.6 10.34.92 Tr.24.I 2;3o
33Q2* 15265
i32.428.523.6 10.34.920 124.(2:40
2:50
4:10
5:10
5:15
2:50
4:00
3:40
3:40
3:00
4:30
5:10
5:15
+2.400 +2 L463+2.500 .242

+6!68 I
I b 1.221
+0.775, +0.985 +1. 05.165
+0.772 +0.968 +1.061 .173
b
b
b
;+18.3
;
+22.2
1 +6.68
b
\ +5.50 1+6.29 +6.74
* 2Y~quicklime (CaO) added to cement.

a Retest showed final set of 9:4S for both Vicat and Gillmore needles.
b Tests omitted because of excessive expansion in first test.
c One specimen only.
d Cracked before this reading.
e Interpolated.
.310
;;:;
.244
.176
.176
.209
.207
,178
.184
.213
.215
;::
:;:;
.lN ~
.202
.224
.244 i
lt
;;; j
.205d
I
.390dl
.356d,
,258d
.267d
:%
.143
,419
.319
,275
.283
~
,45s
.417,
.303
.319
1[
I
f
.-,
.o~ttinucd
-) or Expansion (+) of 1 x 1 x 11%-in. Neat prisms
luring Storage Period Indicated
Id. in Molds, 6d. in Water

then in Air
Id. in Molds then in Water
n Air
Percent Contraction () or Expansion (+) of 2 x 2 x 9~-in.

I
jyr.
[)
10yr.
, ()
28(L
(+)
6m. ~ lyr.
(+)
(+)
10yr.
(+)
XJxlm
,197 : .250
.22s I .268
.205 ~ .245
.257
.282
.292
.268
.052
T
.048 .069::070 :064 :067
.054 .076,.079 !,075 .078
.058 .080,.08710081 .084
.125
,137
.106
.088
.136 ~ .137
.1S6 .166
.117 .129
.101 .116
.138
.176
.139
,121
,076
.076
.072
.077
.257
.309
.187
.200
.304
.408
.236
.240
.398
.730
.332
.322
.079 .106 .112!.104 .112

.085 .112 ,113~.112 .116
.077 .108,.109,.102 .104
.077
10811071107 109
.204 :
.224 ,
.252 ~
.263
.222
.232
.274
.2?6
.076
.081
.-097
.086
.131
.137
.164
.148
.162
.169
.199
.175
.393:
.349 !
.266 i
.283 ~
.413
.376
.286
.305
.084
.089
.059
,043
.114
.127
.091
.077
.477 ~
.492
.455
.362
.387
.136
,146
.084
.079
.221
.260
,164
.171
.-MOI
.343
.364
2yr. ; 5yr,
(+) ~ (+)
_l
.187
.232
.355
.602
.288
.287
ld. in Molds then in Water

/
llllll
.066
.066
.077
.083
.013,029.038.055.063 .081
.016.032.038.055.065 .083
.018.038.048.063.068 .081
.015.031.038.0481
.0.55 .069
.117
.118
.103
.108
.053 .0711.0821.109[,132
.047 .075.092 .131!.253
.032 .052 .064.092.283
.0271.0471.0641.0801.139
.103.112!108 .115
.104.108.112 .117
.101.107I.1O3 .109
,106,120.117 .118
.167
,380
.471
.217
I 5y. j
5.19
5.19
5.20
5.20
19.2
19.2
19.2
19.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
34.4
34.4
34.7
34.4
33.7
33.7
33.3
33.7
14815
14816
1481.3
14814
23S1
23S2
23Q1
23Q2
,<
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
:::
0.19
0.00
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
29.2
28.6
33.8
28.8
42.0
42.8
36.0
42.7
14811
14812
14809
14s1O
22s1
22s2
22Qt
22Q2
1525
1790
1785
1735
0.00
Tr.
4.00
Tr.
1.39
1.39
1.38
1.39
::;
5.1
5.2
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.7
31.7
31.7
43.8
31.7
55.0
55.0
3s.5
55.0
14656
14658
14657
14659
21s1
21s2
21Q1
21Q2
1635
1625
1550
1425
1680
1665
1715
i735
1720
1665
1695
1730
----
600 780
490 830
625 965
640 1110
695
795
875
965
1350
1400
1410
1295
1445
1345
1380
1270
1355
1385
1370
1275
11.94
12.02
12.31
1-2.25
41
40
40
34
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
1515
1395
1400
1510
8901 800 860

890 665 775
910 795 1060
1005 845 1015
1300 1390 1515

1330 ,1370 1310
1455 11210 1335
1560 ,1445 1260
40 1-1.98
a
I1.68
38 il-2.31
40 1-2.31
!;:;[ ;~
1415
1290
1310
1480
535
655
705
660
- 1
10820 11050
11880 11580
12820 12920
13090,13680
6870
8410
9290
9160
11180,6320
1170017350
13550 8760
12890/9140
11790
13130
12520
12390
11650
12250
11610
12550
9410
9920
11670
12430
13060113360
12990 13560
12400 12780
13040, 12700
11180 11990
11680~12070
13150,13710
13920114420
1400017920
14050 7970
12910 8060
13MoI 897o
11930 7360
12490 7890
13970 8510
13490,9350
10860 11980 12110 11030 8230
9300 10330 10510 1161016620

8030 94201 9620 10080, 6100
11420 12910,13170 12710i8960
9260
10090
11590
11930
11230[11560
13490113760
13060,13480
12670 13610
9620
12160
11940
11460
---
-. . . ...
8020
9630
10440
9930
7550
7rmo
7930
8010
Sy.
9910
10870
11540
11560
9480
10310
10260
9310
toy.
_
..-
8060
7650[
86601
8480,
10040
10410
10260
11350
9480[ 10110
9090, 10190
9690 10590
9810 10750
8860 9690
870tl 9840
8740 19760
9130 10420
~1
:1
l~o
84801 8990 9.320
88401 93801 10490
10280 10170 11220
6910 7560 8820

6610; 7260 83OO
95.30, 9~j 10870
7020 7450 8720

7930 7780 8610
9400 10230 9740
9190 9940 10120
7770
9100
10270
10110
6230
5980
7180
7010
3y.
Id. in molds, 6d. in water,

then in air; tested dry
ly.
.
12520 5230
9290 5000
13190 6470
13020 6130
Ioy.
~Y
_- .-.
11140 11800
77301 8760
12630 13020
12640112940
3y.
8970
5900
10940
11170
Iy.
ld. in molds, then in

water until t.cst;
tested wet

lh. per sq. in.
855 10950 12090 12500 13040 7230

1050 11250 11940 12640 12960 7080
1345 12080 12800 13150 13890 8150
1620 11980 12130, 12490 11790, 8130
1155
1175
1255
1410
735
835
925
840
665 1140
805 890
810 995
975 840
1-2:00 1270
1-2.00 1420
710 645
670 560
92o 970
885 765
595
905
885
945
1405 1430 1365

1225 1415 1305
1320 1480 1445
1370 ,143011465
1225
1155
1340
1280
690
010
060
030
35
38
25
23
1300
1085
1420
1385
1310 1285
136511395
1370, 1230
1440 1305
1165
1050
1340
1250
1150
[305
1305
1355
Iy. .Zy. 5y. loy.

705 955,1010 1720

575 725,1250 1575
1360 570 8951195 1675
1450
75018001108011820
1490 630 590 875 1370
1390 745 68S 745 725
1370 905 770 735 805
1460 880 760,1100 1100
loy.
37 1,-2.00 1190
35 ,12.00 1055
33 1-2.00 1220
31 11-2.00 1270
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
4.43
4.25
3.91
3.91
4.59
4.76
3.91
4.25
1230
1310
1375
1345
0.00
0.00
1.19
Tr.
1-2.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
4.96
4.96
4.96
4.96
37
34
34
27
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
28.2
28.3
31.9
28.3
45.0
45.0
40.1
4s.0
14652
14654
14653
14655
17s1
17S2
17Q1
17Q2
1495
1685
1710
1725
4.59
3.91
3.91
3.91
0.00
1.10
0.84
1.46
7.0 0.79
7.0 0.79
7.0 0.79
7.0 0.79
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
29.9
33.2
32.4
34.4
14648 47.5
14650 42.9
1464944.0
14651 41.5
15s1
15S2
15Q1
15Q2
[370 1285
[370 1425
[455 1415
Ltoo 1470
12.00 1255
1-2.00 1475
1-2.00 1365
12.00 1425
35
25
17
19
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
1540
1780
1785
1620
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.12
5.15
5.15
5.14
5.15
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
1.37
1.48
1.39
1.61
[d. in molds, 6d. in

water, then in air;
tested dry
1;;;;1
~;fi
-.-ll
3y.
1455 3.91
1635 3.91
ly.
:
ld. in molds. then in
water until test;
tested wet
I -----
0.26
0.00
1 -
!4
Mix
by
Jit.
1-2.00 1245
1-2.00 910 :;::
12.00 1415 1480 1440
1-2.00 1375 1540 1455
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
14644
14646
14645
14647
3s1
3S2
3Q1
3Q2
% I
M
~
Ld
&
:=
z
__
Flcxuml Strength of 2 x 2 x 9! $ln. Prisms

lb. pcr sq. in.
30
40
24
22
29.2
29.2
32.4
29.5
32.3
31.7
29.0
28.4
14640
[4642
14641
14643
1S2
lQ1
1Q2
Free
CaO
;pec.
hsrf. bater
irag- Iont.
ner
gal.
urb. per
Sq. sack
nc t
cm.
er g.
..
0.00 1610 4.18

0.00 1785 4.51
;4AF MgO
46.8
46.8
42.2
46.3
47.3
C,s CaA
13.5
13.4
[3.5
14.8
C3S
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.1
Calculated Compound Composition-%
47.7
50.1
50.3
1s1
No.
C:oyl Lot
TABLE Q.STRENGT11 TESTS OF MORTAR PRISMS-SER[ES

277
Onc 2 by 2 by 9Jj-in. prism made on each of two days for each age of test. Specimens after curing as indicated were tested in ffexurc with center Inading and then each half prism
was tested in compression as a modified 2-in. cube.
Each ffexcrrai strength value is the average of two tests and each compressive strength value the nvcram of 4 icsts.
Aggregate Elgin sand graded o-No. 4.
Frx the first 8 compositions, lack of cement prevented making prcliminasy rcmokling tests to determine the ,~u:mtity of water required to produce the same remolding effort with all
cements. Hence a water-cement ratio of 3.91 gal. per sack of cement was used except when consistency was too dry to permit molding of specimens, in which case the water content
was incrcascrf as indicated in table.
. . ..
.-
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
41.6
41.7
42.1
41.7
38.0
38.2
38.1
38.0
23.8
23.8
24.4
23.7
28.6
28.6
28.6
28.S
1s250 43.3
15251 43.3
15252 42.5
15253! 43.3
15254 42.0
1525541.7
1525641.9
15257 41.9
42.2
42.3
41.5
42.4
15258
15259
15260
15261
15262 32.3
15263 32.3
1526432.2
15265132.4
30s1
30S2
30Q1*
30Q2*
31s1
31S2*
31Q1*
31Q2*
32S1*
32S2
32Q1*
32Q2*
33s1
33S2
33Q1*
33Q2*
10.3
10.3
10.3
[0.3
10.4
10.4
10.4
10.4
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
::;
4.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
4.92
4.92
4.92
4.92
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
5.21
5.22
5.21
5.21
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
4.63
4.64
4.64
4.64
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
k;
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
::;
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
...
0.0
0.0
...
Tr.
0.0
0.0
...
0.0
..
1680
1720
1.580
1680
1750
1700
1720
1750
1725
1670
1730
1680
1680
1710
1690
1670
1670
1680
1690
1685
1700
1720
1735
1725
1720
1710
1710
1710
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
1465
1450
1565
1560
1235
1145
1340
14(M
1575/
1520
1585
1495
1540
1585
1515
1495
1395
1500
1465
1415
1330 1345 1420 92o

1335 1235 1275 755
1305 1310 1345 1070
1285 1365 1375 945
l-2.03~
1-2.071
12.20,
1-2.20
I
1-2.20
1-2.251
1-2.20
12.31
1410
1375
1420
1500
1375
1225
1465
1-430
715
565
8.S5
930
1320~1300
1300 1265
1095I 1180
1190 1225
I
1220 1395 770] 720] 930\ 1440
1140, 1200 780 710 9601 1580
1140, 1090 9651 805\ 8601 1355
1350, 1345 101017901880j 1385
8000
8020
9110
93601
9150
926o
9300,
9960
6340 7380
5820 7080
8260 9120
7880 9000
I
68601 721OI 9280
6790 6810, 8430
8150 8650 10030
8300 8520 9980
6320
5720
7820
78501
9380I 6080
9020{ 6050
9360, 7220
9630, 7730
9270I
86001
953o
9820\
9210
8250
9800
98101
100IO\ 10060:6730
9850, 10030, 6900
9780 98601 7640
9220 9280 8350
9810
9220
9530,
10080
6780~
6890,
7980
8230
7300,
7410
7860
8490
87301
7680
8840
8200
7360:
7440,
8460,
8610,
1~40
10>30
10150
10810
8040 9700
7840] 10480
86601 lo2M
90601 1061o
88604 10660
85301 10660
9800, 1106O
9060 10560
8130! 8290~ 9740

92601 9190 10860
8880~ 9800~ 11180
11900112380111970,78
8330 82701 10010
19MI
1572677540
11350
11.510 12900112500~13360~8280
10840 12080 12240 1243018100
11960, 13150 12740 13310, 8590
12420 12740 12450 981018820
Ill
11760 12840 12760~12920 7770
10820 10600 11980 12440[ 7540
11200 12120 11820~11710, 8480
11200; 11880~12080, 1212017960
*1018001
8JSI1345
1385
1165
1050
1515
1085
915
1550
II
114101120401129401
6730
735 81.5 10270 10980 10670 11530 6100

9530! 10720: 10800j 9990 5240
625 970
835 101s 11070111670 11370, 12430: 7650
855 110.5
650
922o, 10920, 10660 12300i 6380
8730 9450 10320( 1072016420
10660 11180 10490; 12270 7840
1505 1360 1510 12351985 1000I

1510 1430 1480 1250,1000,970
1535 1425 1560 110010401185
1505 1395 1495
245110901975
1500 1505 1490 1005 8201 855
1385 1295 139.5 925 735[ 810
1390 1440, 1450 1020 870 850,
1530 1360 1405
35 11-1.811 1110 1350

38 ,1-1.84 1085 1220
39 1-1.99 1175 1210
36 1-1.99 1275 1270
1610
1515
1690
1790
680 8901 1380

675 7951 1600
730 960 1455
835 1145 1745
8501 77019951
930 795 930
880 825 1095I
850 935 1050
1590 1505 1490 920

1495 1500 1390 705
1430 1365 139.5 775
1480 1475 1450 805
1495
1510
1595
1575
1435
1425
1400
1380
11.88 1350 1455 1350 14901

1-1.911 1205 1275 1320 1405
1-2.03 1370 1455 1325 1315
12.111 1490 1325 1310 1255
1-1.951
11.68
1-1.99,
1-2.16
12.20;1460
12.07,1430
1-2.20 1425
1-2.31,1320
1-2.251
1-2.23
1-2.31
12.33,
39 !11.95: 1305 1335

40 11.95 1335 1335
40 12.07 1335 1295
40 12.07 1325 146.5
39
40
39
40
36
37
35
38
35
38
37
35
35
39
40
41
38
38
36
38
39
40
;;
* 29!!quicklime (CaO) added to cement.

a For water-stored specimens-24; for partial air-stored specimens35.
b One specimen.
23.6
23.6
23.6
23.6
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.3
41.0
41.0
41.1
41.0
15124 31.2
15125131.3
15126 31.2
15127 31.3
29S1
29S2
29Q1*
29Q2*
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
35.7
35.5
35.5
35.4
39.7
40.0
39.9
40.1
4.82
4.83
4.83
4.83
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
1425
1440
1360
1450
15120
15121
15122
15123
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
1700
1685
1710
1730
1415
1405
1305
1385
28S1
28S2
28Q1
28Q2
:::
5.8
5.7
37.4
37.5
37.5
37.4
0.0
...
0.0
...
1-2.20
12.20
1-2.31
1-2.39
38.2
38.2
38.2
38.3
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
36
39
38
36
15116
15117
15118
15119
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
27S1
27S2
27Q1
27Q2
;::
4.5
4.5
1700
1705
1735
1680
37.6
37.6
37.7
37.6
0.4
Il.
0.7
Tr.
-.
42.9
42.8
42.8
42.8
875 1030 1135

885 1235 1210
840 1060 1135
885 1050~12.45
15112
15113
15114
15115
6.09
6.10
6.10
6.11
1505 1310 1460 1210

1425 1430 1275 I195
1305 1390 1280 980
1285 1250 1490 [265
26S1
26S2
26QI
26Q2
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
12.151 1405
12.31 1335
1-2.31! 1315
12.311 1460
:::
2.3
2.3
36
36
38
36
44.2
53.1
*5.2
43.2
3.91
3.91
3.91
3.91
I5108 38.9
I5109 40.5
I511OL37.8
15111 40.6
1685
1700
1675
1660
25S1
25S2
25Q1
25Q2
0.45
0.00
3.15
0.07
::!
2.6
1.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
13100132201
l-t210 127$0(9410 97201 11300111680
127201288013480120209570 10240 11450 11730
1191012780131501
13610:9090 9580, 10830~11340
129501
13480:13400~
13640,9850
::11::1
::0
Ill
1032O 11750, 12640, 12980 6070
7140:
8300
10200
10540 11360 12300 12610 6270
7360 86201 10210
10660 11720112240~13150 6460
11410 12400112030 10610 7120 7640 89101 10230
II
7300~ 8000~ 10250
11980 1260C112920 12020 6770
11910 12610 13600 13480 7320 7690 8460 10370
12380 13080 13600~13520 7290 7780; 8J20; 10340
12670 12930113160[ 1331017360 7790, 8770, 10710
II
7340, 8290, 10400
11330~12860; 11210: l1670\ 6950
7170, 7230, 9770
10740 12150 12460 12480 6440
7660, 7820 10540
11930111520112110~11500, 7020
7410 8320 10560
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
2.6
--~
?0.8
19.5
29.1
19.7
. .
4819 66.6
[4820 68.5
14817 55.5
14818 68.2
.-
---
24S1
24s2
24Q1
24Q2
H. F.
136
TABLE R.RESULTS
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH AND T.
M.
WHITESIDE
AND LENGTH CHANGE TESTS OF 4ig CO~fERCIAL

PORTLAND
CEhfENTSSERIES
263
Of the commercial cements reported here, 103were purchased in 1934and autoclave in 1936,122 were purchased in 1936-1937
and autoclave in 1937; 193were obtained during 1936-1938and autoclave as received.
Tests of autoclave expansion, expansion in water or shrinkage in air were made on 1 b 1 by 11%-in. neat cement bars of
ASTM normal consistence. The comDanion bars for any one cement used in the different cmrJItIons of test were made at the same
time from the same bat~h of neat ;ement.
Autoclave expansion determined in accordance with ASThf C-151 (3 hr. at max. tern. of 420F.). Test? of specimens stored in
air at 5070 relative humidity and 70 to 800F., or in water at 70 to 80F., or outdoors protected from ram and snow, were started
at age of 1 day after 24 hr. moist curing.
All of the cements were sound when tested in accordance with ASTM C-189, Test for Soundness of Hydraulic Cement over
Boiling Water (Pat Test).
Cements are arranged in order of increasing autoclave expansion. See Tables S, T and U.
kpanEx~
_
t
:$:
OF AUTOCLAVE
Expansion or Contraction~.
Lot
No.
sion
in
Auto-1
clave 128d.~ ly.
. .
l!
016 2261 254
! ::&3;~-:0161
2y.
fry.
loy.
lsy.
.256
.276
.287
.243
.216*
.237
.287
.286
.248
.219
.259
.320
.319
.274
.241
.266
.332
,..
.156
.271
.273
.265
.204
.159
.280
.280
.276
.2088
369
:143641. 0011.2171.256
U-67 S588; .000!.214~ .240
:5:6 I 38741 .003!.1731 .227
11402
j I .0041.2281 .244
.250
.246
.235
.240
.007!.202~ .242
Average
High Value
.004 .242/ .284
I.Ol6!.l32i
.162
Low value
I
U-17 ! 55381 .006 .238 .258
U-60 i 55811 .006 .209 .240
243 ~14008~ .0071.128~ .140
0-52
U-31 ~;Rl
:l~~:~tili$iier
0-12
0-65
323
294
.1931
.260
114183~:.0141:242 :284
!14077,.011 .205~ .247
U-18 ~ 5.539!-.
I .:!::!
:
387 143911299 ,14082I- .009~:2121 :276
274 ,14057,.008i.2141 .266
0-25 I 3840~-.008.187\
.250
U-107 ~ 5797! .006].1901 .220
~@8\
28d. 1iy. 12y. I 4Y. loy. I Isy.
4y,
lsy.
.189
,033
.202
.090
.168*
.119
.193
.109
.260
.188
,314
.314
.302
.223
.205
...
,,.
.315
.240
.0311.0531.068!.080
.025 .06Q\.0791.104
.028,.0701.0921,114
,033.071 .090 .114
.011 .050 .063~,084
.099
.123
.152
.135
.102
.102
1.125
!.157
/.140
I.109
,116
.043
.033
,123*
.097
.094
,135
.128
. 102*
.137
.116
,102
.243
.236
.241
.254
.263
.254
.268
.290
..
.280
.278
.
.012.057.070.093 .114
.032.082.103.121 s145
.018.052[.071.089 .111
.013,.0651
.083.093 +_
.119
.152
.112
,.131
,160
.165
.170
.187
.033
.080
.110
.107
.244
.287
.156
.247
.287
.159
.274
,320
.188
.087
.122
.133
.136
. 248*
.244*
.147
.258*
.242
.255
.155
.251
.038
.071
.056
.166
.166
.028
.168
.168
.084
.170
.173
.094
.185
.191
.087
.032
.082
.099*
.108
.033
.073
.103
.097
.034
.093
.121
.103
.026
.080
.0894
.069
.211
.232
.040
.031
.013
,053
.090
.076
.057
.084
.

1
.0641.081 .107 .124 .129
.272 .023
.332
.205
,033 ,082/.103 .124 .152 .157

.011 .0521.063 .080 .099 .102
.256
.259
.191
.286
.272
.282
.039
.020
.034
.030
.037
.098,.126
.058 .075
.078 .086
.080 .101
.085 .107
.144
.088
.113
.123
.126
,176 .190
.104 .110
.123 .131 -.002
.149 .153
. 148a . 152a
,..
.,.
.018
.014
.024
.030
.018
.076
,067
.062
.073
.059
.093
.076
.076
.096
.080
!115
.096
.092
.107
.102
.140
.120
.124
.117
.130
.148
.125
.126
.124
.136
.082
.064
.077
,090
.078
.103
.078
.093
.109
.096
.126
.099
.120
.139
.121
,156
.125
,166
.165
.141
.161
.131
.174
.173
.149
.268
.241
.253
.250*
.215
.263
.239
.257
.255
.204*
.283
.255
.289
.282
.225
0-48
.307
iii
.231
0-59
259
U-44
u-86
38891
390-4
14028
5565
S637
.014 .182
.014 .219
.015 .200,
.018 .228
.0181.232[
.228
.265
.221
.250
.280
.236*
.244
.220
.25S
.289
.249
.278
.229
.242
.284*
.286
.310
,270
.257
.302
.298
.316
.283
.326
.035
.022
.027
.023
.028
235
o-3
0-93
U-56
13977
3780
4009
5577
.019 .200
.020,.201
.020 .232
.021 .204
.224*
.228
.267
.24S
.222
.236*
. 264*
.253*
.270
.222
.232
.253
.257
.242*
.239
.258
.283
.271
.256
,., ,
.266
.304
.292
.277
.015
.019
.026
.016
.022
.064
.058
,085
.060
.070
.078
.078
.108
.080
.090
.105
.097
.138
.094
.112
,136
.120
.178
,107
.130
.148
.124
.188
.115
.136
.206*
.265
.273
.230
.267
.200
.266
.287
.225
.260
.216
.305
.317
.238
.287
.227
.321
.015
.029
,020
.012
.029
.055 .064
.074I.093
.062 ,071
.062 .082
.079,.111
,090
.113
.094
.101
.138
,092
.13.2
.112
.133
.162
.095
.134
.113
.142
.166
.310*
.285*
.380*
.320
.23o
.306
,289
.365
.338*
.230
.335
,316
396
,369
>240
.358 .030 .091 .120 .146 .173

.338 ,030 .081 .104 .122 .148
.421 !040 .0871.102 .130 ,155
Disc. !015 .O6OI.O8O.1O4.122
. . . )028 .078/.0981.122 .171
.182
.161
.165
.122
.177
.244
.307
.244*
,267
,350
.228
,242
rokel
.279
.365
.246
.260
.241
.240
..
.218
.222
.240
.031.089.109.136 .166 .170

0026.068.080 . . . . 127a .131
.017.069.090,.117 .132 .141
.028.068.080.104 .144 .151
.026.077.094.118 .140 .146
.278*
.23o
.194
.226
.268*
.247
.233*
.205
.225
.288
.260
,256
.223
.252
.290
.282
,..
...
...
...
.021
.023
.024
.023
.030
* Cracked.
a Estimated.
2y.
/ 154
!.110
.133
.150
.106
.274*
.254
.239
.250
.223
U-los 5781 .024.224 .256

.02s.194 .210
;;1
;::: .025.225 .265
14078 .025.180 .264
U-12 5533 .026.193 .220
0-26 3841 .026.230 .268
0-80 39s3 .026.264 .317
U-38 5559 .026.227 .273
U116 5826 .026.309 .360
114 13351 .029.222 .302
278 14061 .029.211 .234
0-70 *;;;; .033.211 .242
.033.317 .306
J16
U-lol 5652 .034.201 .230
U-113 5823 .034.180, .220
0-15 i 3823 .036.190 .235
$..17 I S909 .036.238 .264
114083.036!.175 .236
238 114027.037.188 .197
245 114014.039.204 .222
222 ,\13964 .039.216 .279
ly.
-1
.143
.023.068.089~.112
.024.063.079~.092 .107
.020.065.083.106 .126
.028.078.092.124 .148
,020.055.071.084 .101
.0,() .230~
.010 .215
~~19 /%%,
.013 .2081
.014 .2301
0-17 I 38251 .014].1871
358
Stored Outdoors (-)
In Water (+-)
In Air ()
.254
.302
.0681.0901.110
8!.116
.072/.~808W7
.0631.
.070 .080:.108
.0821.100.119
.143
.146
.139
.137
.162
.153
.150
.145
.145
.172
.227
.113
. 100*
.079
.093
.096
.101
.069
.092
>
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
137
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE R.-Continwed
Ref
.Y 0.
!
,% Ex-~
\ panLot I sion
ho. ] in
~Auto-\
Expansion or Contraction%
In Air ()
2y.
4y.
loy.
15y,
_lH12:~Jl_
U-10957991 .040!.214 :~~$
140841 .041!.175
301
55461 .042;.2321 .250
U-25
U-48 55691 ,0421.171! .200*
3832! .043; .2431 .282
0-20
.266
.2s2
.257*
.200
.274
.244
.257
.259
.194
.268
.2S6
.278
,272
.202
.269
.289
.216
...
291
109
280
0-1
227
.247
.363*
.244
,264
.285
.251
,378
.212
.257
.267
.272
.407
.228
,278
,286
Disc.
D&.
289
0-43
0-75
275
u-9
.231
,211
.278
.213
.285*
.233
,220
.282
.218
.273
,247
,2$0
.302
.237
.280
.261
.312
...
.296
.287
.236
.372
.252
.210
.272
...
..
...
...
.,.
...
Stored Outdoors (-)
In Watq (+)
loy, 15y.
.029 .091 .107 .136 ; ;:; .176

,163
.023,.074 .091 .117
. 022!.068 .082 .097 .114 ,121
.023~.073 .0811.094 .111 .118
.138 .141
::1:1:
:;; .157 ,161
.012::0601:081 :109 .142 .148
.029; .071 .092 .115 .152 ,154
.0211.058 .074I,095 .122 .128
,030!.086 .108 .124 .158 .164
ly.
2y.
.043
.092
. 120*
.035
.089
0098[ ,097
.031
.082
.0901 .065
.053
.083
A96*
.081
4y.
.092
.102
.085
,090
.089
.115
.131
.103
.113
.108
.143
.162
.127
.150
.123
.148
.175
.129
.15.5
,126
.039
.094
. 100*
.096
.021
.080
.086
.081
.027 .081
.022,.075
.032 .075
.036 .104
.010 .058
.096
.094
.101
.136
.076
.116
.120
.121
.169
.098
.154
.148
.141
,213
.122
.162
.161
.146
,225
.131
.018
.021
,052
.057
koken
.085*
.078
.0161.075
.026 .077
.031 .097
.030 .084
.025 .076
.090
.095
.128
,102
.093
.118
.119
.164
.132
.108
J;
.155
.155
.199 .210
.164 .170
.146 ,154
.018
.031
,053
.083
.083*
, 086*
.076
.091
.056
.023
,087
.063
.102*
.094
.076
.Q65
.015 .067
.036 .080
.028 .085
.027 .087
.021,.070
.080
.098
.102
.109
.082
.096
.119
.126
.138
.105
.134
.142
.158
.172
.128
.140
.150
.164
.180
,133
.074
.112
.122*I .122
.015
.019
,152
.054
.071
.153
.081*
.072*
.158
.072
.062
.177
.033
.025
.029
.018
.028
.090
.084
.065
.070
.083
.118
.105
.078
.094
.099
.148
.122
.101
,116
.136
.189
.168
.120
; :::
,190
.1796
,124
.150
,179
.053
.085
.096]
.080
.020
.059
.089*
.085
.093
.090
.099
.080
.068
.110
.105
.117
.102
.083
.140
.129
.146
.115
,105
.180
.162
.165
,134
.127
.188
.174
.174
.142
,133
.018
.069
.101*
.085
.158
.152
.157
.1s2
.091
.057
.057
.062
.092
.071
.088
.092
.100
.072
,068
,070
.007
.172
.014
.056
.184
,054
; ;;:
,080*
.062
.198
.064
.131
.136
,195
139721 .048~.228 .278

13976 .048 .212 .236
W;:l .049 .277 .333
.0491.200 .224
5639 .049 .193 .217
.270
.232
;34:;
.221
.279
.233
.349
.218
.206
233
290
0-29
226
231
139751
14073!
38481
13968
13973
.244
.228
. 233*
. 268*
. 207*
.250
.228
.220
.260
.218
.268
.248
.244
.267
.228
214
U-89
232
285
370
13956, .051i.200 .244

5640~ ,0521.174 .200
139741 .052!.216 .262
14068! .0S2 .1821 .198
143651 .0521 .216 .244
.2S1*
. 206*
.251
.187
.234
.248
.193
.259
.184
.232
.268
.206
,266
.193
.254
118
224
o-s
0-16
244
133561 .052 .2351 .325

139661
3788/ %: :;;~~ :j:~
3824!
14009! .053 :218 :257
.332
.294
. 19s
.287
.2S7
.341
koke
.200
,290
.262
.364
.375
.229
.318
.292
.238
.328
...
252
U-47
406
U-24
O-8
1402ti .053 .3021

S::;l
.055 .185
.056.186
55451 ,057 .246(
381OI .058 .1641
.322
.230
.227*
.284
.206
.328*
.240*
.216
.297
.214*
.333
.239
:;:;
...
.214
.3s5
.268
.242
.321
.237
.291
.257
.340
.245
.032
.030
.046
.035
.020
u 102
220
257
253
254
57221
139621
14026
14022
14023
.0581.2211 .25.4
.0581.185! .235
,058[.170 .175
.059 .246 .260
.059 .290 .310
.273
.243*
.167
,268
.318
,253
.249
.185
.264*
.323
.276
.280
.195
.296
.3s7
.300
,..
...
...
...
.030
,029
,030
.035
.037
.077
,086
.082
.093
.091
,099
.103
.101
.107
.109
.128
.118
.124
. 129(
.134
.155
.165
.156
.161
.169
.168
.172
.058
.164
.014
.166 k.o11
.031
.17s
255
356
249
u-7
U-Z6
.277*
.266*
.185
.254*
.250
.285
.272
.185
.252
,239
.322
.279
.199
,267
.2S4
...
...
...
.037
~.030
,.028
I.033
.037
,092
.078
.087
.090
,102
.108
.095
.099
.122
.126
.131
.112
.119
.139
.153
.154
.138
. 142t
.160
.196
,159
.144
,150
,166
,207
5590 .0621.209 ,242

U-69
4003 .0621.322 .385
0-91
13493 .0621.207 .238
170
0-53
3895 .063.190 .234
0-102 4052 .064 .245 .290
. 247*
,401
.241*
.241*
.287
.232
,408
.233
.247
.287
.236
.438
. 2S3
.277
.324
.252
.4s4
.290
.342
.031 .092
.053 .117
.035 .100
1.024 .065
.023 .064
.117
.143
.123
.080
.084
.140
.174
.151
.098
.108
.173
,204
.191
,130
.141
,192
,209
,200
B134
,143
.031 .102 .128.147

.032.092.114.145
.035.096.116.141
.026.079.100.121
.0281
.079.099.125
,196
.172
,174
,140
.160
.216
,181
,180
,147
,167
.149
.144
.200
,153
.152
,210
.117
.115*
.172
.033.090.117.147 .180
.040.098.118.144 .176
.028.090.113!.134 .176
.029.091.113!.138 ,166
.033;.099.124;.153 .191
.186
.180
,184
.176
.200
.008
.062
.163
.188
.063
.093
J;:
.090
:;;;
.049[.2181
.049\ 197
. 0S0,.213
.050 .2131
.051 -181
.242
I .238
230
.260
.216
1,
...
.,.
.253
...
...
...
,221
!..
.286
.280
...
U-62
326
311
324
0-78
5583
14186
14126
14184
3945
.067 .228
.067 .165
.orW.204
.068 .240
.070 .220
.272
.181
,211
. 266*
.261
.280
.175*
. 193*
.268
.273*
.292
.172
.197
.274
.276
.301
.190
.213
.292
.301
.326
.,.
...
...
.313
137
297
219
320
322
13389
14080
13961[
14180
14182\
.070,.196
.070 .200
.071 .294
.0711.182
.071[.250
.287
.223
.354
.202
.272*
,302
.21O*
.3s9*
.193
.264
.322*
.211
.349
.187
.256
.361
. 2s0
J;;
...
,..
...
...
.,.
.273
.105
.025,.074
.021!.080
.030,068
.028 .074
.023 .069
230
234
0-38
0-84
u-88
.385
.270
.230
lsy.
.149
I
,063
.101
.140
.168
138
H. F. GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND T.
M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE R.-Continaed
,
% Ex&
U-77
U-68
215
0-61
395
0-66
U-76
0-89
U-118
171
3s3
0-60
U-78
237
0-77
U-65
251
288
0-73
228
107
273
287
0-67
328
U-28
408
357
U-14
U-22
225
229
286
U-3
U-39
216
318
368
349
U-54
0-63
0-71
363
325
372
Lot
No.
pans;:
Autoave 28d.1
l
5628I .072 .188
55891 .073 .220
39s71 .073 .196:
3906\ .074 .205,
4s008 .074 .198,
3928]
5597!
4001:
5910
3494:
.076].237,
.076(.250
.076.219:
.076~.203;
In Air ()
Iy.
2y.
lsy,
.120
,166
.221
.168
.182
.0421.104I.1341.161 ;.194
.043 .087,.1091.123 :,149
.033 .098~.129i.156 j : ;:;
.022 .078;.102,.123
.0151.0801.llOi .7.33 !.174
.201
.157
.201
.167
.182
,037 .104 .124,,145

.028 .084,.103 .130
.037 .083i.101 .115
.0251.093.112,.147
.042~.1141,1401.162
,181
.159
.150
.183
.203
.186
.171
.159
.196
.224
,045.083.099.117
.015.079.098,.124
.032.W4 .118.143
.035.007.104.128
,134
.163
.177
.160
.178
.138
.171
.184
.168
.185
.180
.198
.179
.173
,186
.186
.207
.187
.179
.198
.212
.261
.208
.267
.232
.222
.270
.223
.294
.256
.286
.288
.254
.237
,292*
.295*
.251*
.256
.362*
.298
.286
.238
,243
.362
.331
.300
.262
.259
,395
.345
.320
.282
.276
.273*
.237*
.205
.355*
.173
.273
.234
.203
.356
.175
.301
.256
.214
.396
.311
.272
.,,
,417
.27o*
.206
.214
.227
.300
.267
.212
.212
.232*
.286
.281
.229
.225
.257
.316
,299
.353*
.212
.221*
.424
.277
.353
.212*
.220
.439
.274
.373
.228
.239
,465
.292
,391
,.,
...
.473
,.,
.024
.030
.040
.052
.031
,088
.089
.099
.108
.099
.119
.115
.122
.123
.124
.234*
.260
.25o
.319
.226*
.226
.280
.242
.319
.222
.240
.322
.268
,339
,243
.259
.339
.028
.029
.039
.041
.039
.071
.077
.102
.103
.102
.092/ .110
.099.127
.114 .130
.133 .152
.128 .150
.233
.303*
,222
.263*
.252*
.217*
.323
.224
.252
.244
.225
.346
.240
.268
.256
. ..
.,.
,.,
.234*
.232
.232
.247*
.244
.224
.246
.226
.243
.232
.246
,258
.239
.254
.243
.247
.279
.197
.263
.364
.274
.302
,208
.289
.383
.288
.313
.279
.219
.229*
.270
.204
.296
.207
.220
.286
.213
.318
.219
,243
,,.
...
,,.
...
3967I
3971
4069i
552-4
.0891.189
.089.243
.089~.205,
.090,.248
.230
.301
.226
.266
:;I
:::/;::
::
4178~ .092 ;242 :257

.243
4363 .092.216
-1
::1:::1::
;:,238*
.257
,.,
.
.268
,.,
.,.
.360
.263
OJOi.1061
1291s7
.152
.146
.149
.145
,156
15y.
_.
.048
.078
.094*Broken
.191
.184
...
,187
I
.152
.168
.172*1 .162
.025
.068
.092*
.027
.024
.076
.079
.095* .080
.082 .077
.037
.073
.087* .064
.026
.007
,078
.064
.083 .077
.069* ,057
.179
.185
.144
.150
.164
.141*! .167
.081
.159
.050
-.001
.009
.084
.042
.071
.097
,079
.074*
e072
.058
.063
.030 .104 .132 ,156

.030 .098 .123I.153
,0101.066.082 .108
.033 .094 .116 .132
,040 .010 .129 .150
.218
.182
.136
.166
.177
.228
.190
.142
.174
.190
,054
.186
.146
.,.
.082
,197
.146
.147
:W;I
.085
.164
.165
.149
.020 .062 .077 .096

.034!.093 .120 .148
.031 .092 .116].150
.041 .103 .130.156
.029 .090,111 .143
.123
.182
.180
.183
.163
.127
.187
,192
.191
.168
.112
.175
.204
.r214
.180
.201
I
,130 .131
,143 Broken
.-200 .224
.0351.108
,039,.110
.018 .057
.036 .118
.029 .067
.1311.154
,136.156
.075 .091
.137 .173
.084,.100
.189
.204
.123
,210
,122
.197
,216
.125
.221
.128
.175
.137
.158
.139
Agm Disc.
,145
.142
.136
.133*I .137
.357
.522
.284
.0391.087 ,102.122
.053.11O .132 .160
.046 .123 .161 .201
.036 .110 .139 .174
.145
.188
.239
.202
.0s2 .112
.039\ .12S
.021.091
.037 .080
.031 .078
.136
.161
.117
.106
.09s
.227
.204
.072 .081
.115.146
.105.125
.138,.174
.285
.276
. ..
,..
. ..
. .
.274
.270
,200
.270
.361
321
343
139
359
V-96
.097,.265
.0971.202
:%$;;;
,098].198
.282*
.217
:;~
.224
.274
.208
0-74
0-96
U-16
U-30
3940
4039
5537
5551
.1001
.244 .297
.100/.362.448
.1001
.231 .242
.100.213 .238
.298
,469
.236*
.232*
.305
.478
.232
,219
.343
.510
,257
Jrolce
::J~
S6481
5572\
5:761
~;~l
.100 .222
.101 .238
.102 .205
.;:: .;55
.
\.90
.255
,297
.234
.335
.254
.258*
lroke]
.228*
.331
.268*
.250
. .
.211
.340
.282
.275
.296
.2i2
.370
.313
.229
.384
.325
.222
.262
.248
.243
.227*
.260
.278
.222
.228
.270
.252
.212
.239
.310
.268
. 2z3
.256
!330
.014 .052
.033.090
.041 .094
.037 .115
.256
.448
.140
.257
.469
.147
.255
.478
.276
.510
.175
.302
.522
,216
.029/ .084/ .104; .128
.155
4y.
,230
.184
.186
,140
.170
:256
.226
.271*
.359
5584 .104 .174

4555 .104 .213
3949 .105I.2O5
43601 .105,.215
.
.060!.219
H&%%e
.105 .362
Low Value
.0061.128
2y.
.218
.178
.178
,139
.162
.0541:201
.095 .178
.095 .260
.096 .301
U-63
407
213
365
.130 .138
.136 .142
,166 .170
.178 .187
,190
.180
ly.
.030 .106 .134 .159

.045 .107 .024 .156
.040 ,100.121 .146
.036 .082[.099 .122
.022 .080.102 .127
3935
43461
...,Q,
. u4382I
II
41811
4273/
:::;]
56471
U-55
396
0-64
Stored Outdoors (-)

,
15y, 28d, ly. 2y. 4y. \ loy.

.
.
.240 .020 .062,.077 .092 ,114
.286 .035 .082 .109 .129 .156
. . . .024 .101.127 .151 .207
.305 .027 .083;.104.129 ,.159
.273 .038 .0931.1181.146 .172
.223*
.2618
.213*
.261
,228
0761
310,
-352
.178*
.076.180: .192
.092:.235
loy.
.220
.256
.221
.253
.265
4333:
3905I .078 .225 .270
5629 .078.194 .223
3979 .078!.192! .214
3943,
0781298: 356
55861 .079/.2241 .264
4020 .079,.1901 .213
4071 .079~.192~ .222
3939, .080.174 .221
3970. .0831.237, .288
.084j2j6~ 350
3343
4056~ .084]:1951 :214
4070, .0841.2051 .227
3931 .08~i.322 .400
4188, .08s .273 .287*
!
5549, .086.205 .232
4556/ .087\.179 .251
43371 .088.232 .260
5535, .088i .280! .313
5543 .088,.201 I .222
4329
4y.
In Water [:+)
,.,
,.,
.,.
.264
...
...
...
.155
.183
.133
.131
.114
.193
.220
.169
1.144
.140
.203
.231
.182
.147
.145
.111 (.120
.178*1.186
.159 .168
.228 1.235
.158
.166
.0531.125.1611.201 ,239 .254

.010 .052 .064!.081 .092 095
Ill
.153*
.158*
..
.210
,..
...
.034
.1s2
-
.084
.147
,083 .077
.148*I .150
.076
.107
.110
,111
HYDRATION
EXPANSTON
CH.AR.ACTERISTICS
139
TABLE R.Continued
Expansion or Contraction~O
Ex.!
::f .
~Tarl\
Lot I slon
In Air (-)
No. , in
In Water (+)
Stored Outdoors (-)
iAuto-
I ave\28d.]
Iy,
2y.
.!y.
loy,
15y. 28d, ~lY.
319
125
U-23
O-27
93
4179
3363
5544
3842
3282
.106 .280
?108 .238
.108 .216
.109 .319
.112 .223
,305
.320
.244
.367
.303
.302
,312
,251*
.372
.318
.301
.320
.269
.372
.341
.314
.334
,298
.407
.370
.339
.320
.422
..
277
0-101
276
I-I-79
0-19
4060i
4050
4059
.5630
3831
.1121.226
.112 .198
.113 .205
.113 .177
.115 .259
.254
.246
.238
.192
.300
.25?
.260*
.243
,190
.294*
.258
.263
.242*
.169
.287
.276
.292
.261
.16.4
.314
.305
,..
.180
.324
115
142
298
U-81
0-47
3352
3408
4081
5632
3888
,115 .201 .265

.115 .304 .440
J:: . ;;; .322
.217
.118 :175 .210
.265
.403
.327*
.224
.211
.271
.424
.349
.216
.214
.288
.451
.391
.240
.242
.293
.459
.
.262
.256
342
$-6
J;;
.322
.273
.122 :238 .325
.122 .222 .251
.123 .206 .223
.316
.293
.338
.241
.223
.321
.285
.347
.232
.222
.338
,303
.372
.264
,241
,,.
.313
0-56
U-15
4272
3789
3278
3901
5536
350
?83
U-104
o-2
0-88
4330
4066
5780
3779
4000
.123
.125
.127
.128
.128
.223
.180
.232
.205
.252
.243
,187
.270
.23i
.289
.233
.178
.282
.229
.288*
,228
.173
.251
.221
.282
.247
.185
.272
,241
.309
281
352
~;:
o-49
4064
4332
5557
5574
3890
.129
.130
.130
.132
.132
.215
.200
.342
.214
.199
.262
.218
.380
.250
.237
.262
,205
.364*
.244*
.235*
.260
.199
.386
.223
.227
,276
,212
,403
.232
.251
U-71
U-61
U-58
U-119
O-92
5592
5582
5.579
5912
4008
.132 .210
.133 .256
.134 .1671
.138 .373
.139: .221
.235
.295
.196
.422
.265
,242
,287*
.195
,445
268*
,224
.284
.190
.432
.271
351
0-45
0-82
U-103
o-22
4331
3885
3969
5779
3835
.140.222
.141.209
.142.227
.1431
.200
.143.195
.239
.250
.259
.220
.268
,226
,256
,254*
,238
286
0-97
U-59
122
362
0-79
4042
5580
3362
4345
3952
. i43 .274
.144 .268
144.282
.144 .180
.146 . 2+0
.314
.300
.380
.210
.286
284
348
U-6
0-13
}-;5
4067
4328
5527
3820
5556
3488
; ;;; . ;:;
10Y. ! 15y
ly.
2y.
~ .iy. ~ 15y.
.196 ,153 ! ,149
.0411.097.132.163
.020 .0751.113.147
.032 .072.088.102
.046 .110.140.167
.036i.100~.1221.1.51
.180
.181
.120
.198
.185
,188
.188
.125
.207
.192
.181
.0421.106~.1331.153
.0271.0701,090,.106
.041 .103 .130.156
.027 .113.145.173
.03S .100.l34~.l69
II
.021j.090\,1151.150
.038.090.120.154
.0431.104\ ,129 .156
.219
.148
.223
.218
.204
,226
.135
.234
.234
.216
.015
.070
E.086
-.030
.184
.184
.187
.030 .090,1111.133 .159
.0301.080,,1031.130 .157
.191
.190
.192
.167
.162
.031
.084
.109*
.182*I .174
.W211J ~23/,~42
.171
.178
.2a2
.258
.106
.169
.188
.186
.177
.115
.173
.199
.197
.177
.0031.040f:059 ,079
.0341.0851.115 .144
.038 .103.130 .158
.043 .106.132 .156
,..
.300
.249
.325
.046i.117
.032 .090
.031 .103
.020 .065
.040 .103
.171
.141
.179
.105
.163
.203
.182
.216
.133
.206
,211
.193
.228
,138
,216
,1.45
.022
.1S3
.077
.201
.213
,230
.195
.171
,209
.226
,239
,204
,179
.036
.131
,425
.252
.263
,031!.0911.117!.144
.040 .122~.142!.173
.066 .130; .1671.197
.029 .101!,130 .150
.034 .0881.114.140
,066
.144
,235
,296
.194
,45S
300
.252
.327
.211
.476
.316
,0391 ~i21 1441169

.043:118 :151 :176
.002.035 .054 .066
.059.132.166.191
.039.103.128/
.160
.208
.211
.097
.229
,198
,224
,226
,107
,238
,209
.223
,260
.238
.223
.299
233
291
,258
238
330
,035::0931:116 :145
.034 .101 , 13s .167
.050 .124 .148 .180
.030,.063 .0811.100
.205 ,214
.175 184
,205 ,218
.233 ,249
,133 135
.144
,304
.276
.254
.340
.1S5
,306
,303*
,392
,188
294*
,297
.298
.419
.182
.299
,32z
,311
,45?
193
339
.338
.331
.
<180
.176
.199
)184
,216
,186
,183
)204
,192
,232
.147 :287
,1481.287
.1481.190
. 149].247
.273
.223
.301
.338
.210
.288
,270
,212
293*
338*
,209*
,315
.276*
.204
.279
,338
.198
.298
,305
206
,288
366
206
322
.305
.380
.224
.034.0901.114 .140
.036 .0901.111 ,135
.032 .100 .129 .160
.040 .104 .130 .159
.043 .112 .146 176
1
.040!.10010.12 .154
,036(.110 .138 .161
.028:.092 .118 .150
,0361.085 .112 .137
,040.080 .104 .121
.030.093 .120 .153
,187
,204
,177
,175
b147
t185
,19s
,214
,184
,185
,156
198
.150.227
.150.230
,150.266
.151.189
.157.221
.263
.314
.310
.203
.2s0
283
,334
300
204
,2508
.257
.349
.292
.190
.240
,284
,374
320
192
,251
.312
.382
.334
.205
.268
.O43I.1O4.130
,045.102 .129
!042 .111 ,150
!030,.090 ,113
.039 .108 .134
t177 ,191
,194 ,202
,236 250
)162 175
,192 ,205
.159 .090
.163 .191
.163,.341
14499
.5s53 .164 .215
5594, .164~.287
.203
.214
.442
.230
.310
,192
,214*
,422
,228*
,312
.196
.203
.435
.217
.298
,215
,216
460
,236
,316
,236
.478
.262
.334
.042.1181,1441.183
,010.050,,066.082
.O51I.1O9.1381.164
.052 .130.162,.190
.057 .1331.166,.205
.16s~.188
.1651.270
.166 .272
.169.226
.170,.220
.221
.294
.316
.302
.230
224*
,285
322
,328
)218
.220
.271
.320
.341
.201
,242
,292
,342
,369
U-ill
o-35
0-39
::;l
296
U-27
394
U-32
U-73
mm:
0-9
0-99
ll;7
3811
4047
1349s!
3999!
55731
U-52
.%
2y. I 4y,
lll
roken
,.,
,145
.114
.140
.082
.131
~44~~72
.W91~281
.358
,250
.311
.379
,157
.158
.191
.128
.165
.230
,116
,196
.235
,251
#0201
05810741098
,120
.042 :115i:144:178
,040.115.140.170
.046 .115.139.171
.035 .1041.130.162
II
.220
.223
.209
.194
,239
,124
,203
,253
t265
,126
\233
,235
,220
.203
.079,
.049
t-.070*:+.o53
.171*
.076
.156
.108
.114
I
I
,123 ] .119
.020
... .
.083
.163
.083; .061
.166*I .163
.054
,108
.132 Broken
.244
.222
.,.
.213
140
H. F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T. M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE R.--Contittued
;
IT, Ex-
In Air (-)
.438
.216
.263*
.399*
.336
.459
.211
,260
.402
joy,
,
.368
.487
.234
.289
.430
.~~o*
.289*
.341
.~~J*
.336
.318
.288
,350
.318
.354
.354 ~ .37,
.050 .135.169.208
.316
.327 .034,0791.1021.129
.385
,401 .052 .llO[ .143 .155
.376 ,036,.1201.1571.197
.351
.380
.387* 1.021].080~.108~.137
.220
.304
.286*
.310
.201
.210
.310
.241
.314*
.182
.193
.336
.254
.339
.182
.196
.313
.290
.?10
.273
.218
.324
.289
.190
.?91
.20s
.313
.286
.178
.304
.190
.326
.315
.192
.333
,204
.221
.230
.386
.302
.206
.243
.252
.426
.332
.211
.288
.460
.294
.480
.309
.511
.327*
ii-l
239 113992 .:~l :163 .204

173 113590 .::5 .221 .257
U-42 , 5563 .:75 .363 .395
0-57
0-37
2y.
1j~;
.;;;:;%
;;l-
~ 390J
.:76 .278 .323
397
i 3875i .:7S .243 .290

!14502 .:50 .274 .349
:;;8
IJ%l
35s
1:22
114335
~5948
113491I
U-34
5555
U-33 ~ 5554
:i;! :;
:;::
.!52 .269
.~il .256
.i~fi ,250
.:90 .193
.192 .206
.306
.275
.300
.207
U-115
0-90
366
0-83
U-20
~ 58251 .!91 .278

~*j::;
.;94 .247
.i94 .197,
; 3970 .!95 .211
I 5541 .196.214
102
0-18
110
.240*
113291 .196 .192! .278
3826, .~I,o .223, .262 ! .242
.~f,l
.2i~
.370 .352*
13347
%:14 lJ;fi
340
90
412
:;2; :;::
:;!:
1142701.202.267! .291
/;:;{:, .~~J~ .354 .450
.V)5 ...
In Water (+)
! :;::
4y.
~ 15y.
I .378
i .497*
28d. ly. 2y, ~y. loy. lsy
._
.
1.049\.099 .1251,154 .187 .192
.046~.112 .1511.188 .226 ;.232
I
...
.000 .0441 .056 .071
.096 .101
!
.0421.130,.1581.187 .231 (.242
I .453 1.057.133.168.193 .2-40 :.251
.
.281
.250
.162
.199
.245
.172
1.264
:.164
.207
1.263
!.176
.046 .113 .137~.160 .198

.292
.197
.218
.238
.207
.324
.208
1.230
1.262
.030 .128 .172~.211

.,,
,034 .109.1291.157
,197 !.047 .117!.149:.176
.217 1.033.112~.1531.188
m:
.168
.151
.162
.136
.240
.214
...
.208
.111
.131
,250
,224
,216
.213
.136
.006
.062
.059
.046
,007
,090
.062
.090
.061
Disc,
.051
.180
.197
.202
.182
.191
.184
.177
.173
.218
,228*
.192
.216
,260
.0481:127 :156 :184 .225 .235
.152
. 1S0
.152
.141
.040 .110 .143 .179 .234 .244

.073 .153 ,196 .235 .302 .312
.028
.012
.078
.070
.098
.094
.074
.055
,298 .307 .002

.281 .295 ,040
.254 1.269
.237 .253 -.016
.289 .302
. 06f
.071
..
.080
.030
.044
.182
.318
.207
.318
.278
.336
.
.333
.318*
.268
.331
.320
.253
~.050~,126 .155 .191

.042\ .llo .138 .168
.047[ ,112 .1381 .179
,287 ~:::: [:;;;!:;;;
l:;;:
.262
.233
.228
.222
.139
.237
.201
354
0-76
0-95
405
120
14334 .22z .274

3942 .222 .208,
4038 .222 .216
14S32 .22.3.272
13358 .22.5.264
,3(jj
.251
.284
.337*
.340
.301
.256
.307
.332
.341
.309
.254
.316
.340
.351
.33
.276
.339
.374
.375
.280
,332
.391
.171
.204
.206
.192
.206
.213
,258
.266
.221
.246
.221
.280
,281
.229
.251
0-11
U-95
u-37
327
188
3813
5646
5558
[4187
t3829
.225 .231
.22fj .200
,229 ,239I
.231,.360
.232 .255
.281
.248
.275
.385*
.285
.286*
.259
.279*
.380
.292
.289
.267
.2?7
.381
.311
.317
.300
.296
.430
.338
.330 I.0351.101].136 .167

lrokenl .056.130.168 .207
.314 .0341.0801.102 .120
1.039:.1321.167 .203
~.042,.130:.152 .l&5
.
,210
,253
,144
,236
,220
.219
,270
.154
.247
.232
189
341
13830 .235.257 .287

14271 .239i.294 .314
.299
.306
.317
.309
.340
.326
i
302
14087 .2441.120 .148

!4085 .246 .290 .361
.134
.344*
.143
.349
,rok;en
..A8 i
.366 1.027 .081 .106 .124

.368 .047 .1301.167 .199
,298 .031 .102 ,,134 ,160
.228
i ...
~ ...
. ..
.124
.154 .169
.238 .252
.215a.223
.345
.348
.270
. .. .. 1
-- -.
.165
. 14C
.158
.303
.197
.
.257
.181
.144
.174
.330
.200
.286
.256
~ .268
\ .228
: .300
! .252
, .209
..
,147
~.0451.119~
.143 .169
!.042!.1071.138 .175
~.062~.160,.199
.,
l
.Zr)fj.168 .18-!
.Z()~.292, .317
.213 .071 .107
.253
.209
.260
.227
.,.
.180
.212 .225
.213,.222
.285 .296

.197 .207
.314 .334
.096 .107
:::
.
292
U-121
282
316
0-86
.346
.204
.127
.318 ~.038~.102 .130~.158

.497 ~.0681.160.1991.242
.180 ~.000] .035 :.054 .066
.222 .2061 .228
,.,
.121
.300
.511
.164
5782
..
.122
.278
.480
.169
U-106
,..
..
15y!
.129
.281
.460
.178
56441 .216 .292 .328

5591 .217 .279 ,310
5635 .218 .23o .259
4y.
.
(.
!.0481.123~ :143 1
.165 .217 ,226
:.052:,121,,150 ,182 ,226 .240
.221 !.052,1331,164~.198 ,240 .255
,253 ~ 0021042~ 0641088
.120 .124
,266 i1039~l124~J16111198.256 .273
.437 i.027:,100 .135.168 ,213 .223
.353 !.0681.150,.1901.229 .275 .289
.,,
1.055 .154~.192!.242 .314 .334
.,.
u-93
U-70
U-84
2y.
.344
.152 .237 .280

.205 .373
,l~J6 . 090! :;::
.216. 280, .297

.216 .2151.250
ly.
~.:;;~,:;;l.;;jl.~::
.230 .242
.187 .196
Average
High Value
Low Value
14075
! 5946
14065
14140
3995
Stored Out600rs (-)
.040 ,110 .140 .179 ,220 .234
.050 .122
.044 .122
.049 .133
.0441.116
1.050.130
.144
.160
.163
.147
.169
~ojol
,401,681201
,246
,.. !.040.123!.1371.161 .209 .221

.247 1.052~.115.140,.173 .211 .225
.042,.131 .160~.198 .253 !.269
~OI)72;
.173/.206 .240 .290 1.302
~.0401.080.092~,.. .147 !.152
I
-.
.023
lrokc
.050
.080
.035
.062
,..
.058
.018
.075
.077
.076
.085
~roken
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
141
TABLE R.--conlinucd
IIy. ExI pan
Expansion or Contractionz
In Air (-)
3866 .268 .197 .213

0-32
14416 .270 .224 .284
373
0-1oo
;%J I ::: :91 :%
0-7
.226
.
.
0-4
u-2
gJ:20
329
0-41
91
0-72
0-14
~:J]8
Stored Outdoors (-)
.220
.306
.304
.285
.231
.232
..
.323
.299
.238
28& ly. 2y.

.0341.110 .147
.038 .113 .142
.039 .087 .112
.042 .095 .115
.039 .097 .116
4y,
.192
...
. 13s
.143
.142
loy. 15y,
.
;:;:
.;;:
,026
. 0s0
.047
.041
.041
.122
,200
.178
.206
,225
.143
.250
.200
.239
.278
.150
,265
.211
.251
.295
.146 .184
.138 .175
.125 .156
.150 .182
.108I.132
.228
.228
,190
.203
,157
.237
.240
.201
.209
,168
4y,
loy.
.211*
.270
.279*
.256*
.223*
.198
.
.272
.256
.210
2y.
In \Vater (+)
I
15y,
.080
,131
.128
.133
.137
.164 :170
.167 .172
.168 .174
5523
5913
5526i
14189
3879
.282
.286
.288
,288
.290
,267
.255
.245
.347
.257
.275
.278
.245
.367
.290
.270
. 295*
.238*
.362
.285
.267
.276
.220
.369
.278
.267
.298
.220
.410
.311
.287
.318
.228
...
.330
13280
3936
3821
5798
5643
,290
.290
.294
.302
.304
.268 .353
.190, .264
.270 .322
.3071 .320
.2971 .335
.362
.280
.314*
.333*
,343*
.378
;;;:
.303
.337
.405
.317
.349
.325
.357
.324
.362
.345
.381
.045.114
.030 .105
.038 .099
.055 .121
.038 .088
.281
.418
.134
.280
.427
.143
.306
.457
.182
.307
,391
.217
.045.118 .147 .182 .223 .235

.073 .175 .206 .242 .302 .312
.026 .077 .092 .118 ,136 ,139
.198
.347
.378
.392
.098
.196
.377
.410
.424
.098
.212
...
,..
.442
...
.041
.029
.052
.050
.068
.128 .165
.093 .137
. 15s .194
.135 .174
.160 .186
.200
.175
.231
.206
.220
.254
.230
.305
.250
.259
.275
.243
.320
,260
.268
.282
.218
,144
.246
.244
.249.243! .278
.304.360 .403
.206.071 .107
Average
High value
Low value
...
..
.098
.169
.149
.170
.182
u-57 55781 .310 .217

129 L3369 .310 .249
217 13959 .313 .318
:;;4
3884 .314 .347
.225
,335
.377
.392
[4362 .315 .174 .158
.213*
.334
.378
,392*
.125,
u.~9
410
u-66
u--lo
409
5550
L4571
5587
5561
[4570
.318
.319
.324
.330
.333
e263
.263
.202
.282
.312
.280
.332
.225
.298
.360
.275*
.337
.231*
.294*
.364
.265
.333
.219
.279
.370
.276
.356
.226
.291
8397
.299
.375
.244
.314
.414
,045
.049
.032
.040
.064
,133
.118
,080
,120
,130
,178
,143
.098
.162
.164
,217
.177
.119
.193
.202
.264
.208
.138
.232
.230
U-21
U-83
0-31
0-85
0-103
5542
5634
3863
3994
4164
.336
.339
.340
.340
.354
.228
.332
.232
.314
.360
.242
.358
.305
.364
.415
.246
.362
. 323*
.371
.417
.250
,349
.333
.374
.417
.261
.373
Jf:
.282
.398
X;
.451
.469
,024
.039
.038
.038
.050
,069 .092
!119 .152
.117 .155
.110 .146
.137 .176
.112
.189
.200
.178
.212
. 143a .149
.236 .252
.249 .264
.2o9 .219
.259 .271
.356
.361
.363
.364
.369
.320
.210
.326
.203
.335
.378
.234
.383
,228
.374
.389*
.257
.395*
.219*
.382
.397
.219
.422
.207
.389
.435
.233
.454
.239
.406
.451
...
.,.
.249
...
.040
.038
.063
.043
.063
.118
.131
.118
.119
.128
. 1s2
.165
.147
.151
.148
.182
.217
.171
.188
,163
.220
.280
.213
.237
.182
.230
.299
.217
.249
.184
.374 .283 .318

.396 .258 .272
.398 .358 .420
.328*
,271*
.438*
.326
.257
.434
.343
.282
.460
.361
.304
.484
.319
.438
.125
.315
.434
.098
G.
.460
.098
,359
.484
,212
.053 .131 .167

.050 .136 .167
.034 ,130 .173
.
.
.045 .122 .156
.068 .160 .194
.024 .069 .092
.203
.207
.209
.190
.231
.112
.252
.248
.265
.237
.305
.138
.272
.264
.286
.
.252
.320
,144
0-55
210
265
O-5-I
347
3900
~3906
[4036
3899
L4354
I
U-72 5593
U-45 5566
U-82 5633
Avera e
High va fue
Low value
.342 .278 .316

.398 .360 .420
.310 .174 .158
-l
0-50
260
346
U-6.4
186
3871
[4029
14353
55851
1382?
.432
.374
.295
.363
.392
.430*
.378*
.288
.373*
.408
.433
.401
,285
.366
.424
.479
.430
.301
.393
.452
.501
...
.,.
.422
..
.051
.063
.064
.048
.043
.143
.119
.138
,130
.114
.188
.147
.159
.172
.135
,220
.178
,18S
.198
,170
.269
.226
.205
.228
.197
.283
.233
.209
,240
.206
U-74
U-85
0-98
0-34
u-49
559s .416.232 .262*

5636 .418,337 ,369
$04: .444.281 .325
,460.211 .256
5570 .460.268 .279
.272
.376*
.314
.265*
.273
.262
.357
.307
.266
.262
.278
.375
.345
.291
ko!ier
.299
.397
.368
.299
.048
.056
.030
,047
.041
.128
.141
,110
.121
.118
.159
.184
. 1s0
.158
.154
.188
.205
.186
.196
. 18S
.228
.251
,236
.252
.222
.230
.265
.252
.266
.237
0-81
U-13
yi-2
3954
5534
3880!
13394
3868/
.414*
.201
.245*
.398*
.287*
.405
.202
.236
.405
,278
.441
.234
.057
.050
.046
.064
.039
.328
.430
.201
.326
.433
,202
.356
.479
.234
.464
.255
.270
.396*
.323
,
.363
.s01
.255
.151 .201 .246

.130 .174 .201
.130 .171 .213
.163 .220 .272
.110 .143 .178
.
.
.130 .168 201
.064 .163 .220 .272
.030 .110 .135 .170
.294
.240
.266
.359
.230
.246
.359
.197
.310
.254
.285
.379
.232
.260
.379
.206
o-33
Average
High Value
Low Value
.406
.407
.407
.412
.414
.380
.334
.287
.327
.320
.469 ,379
.494 .198
.496 .229
.498 .350
.504,.260
.417
.200
.251
,410
.292
,447.293 .328
.504.380 .432
.4061.198 .200
,2s7
.398
.308
.050
!,,
1
,,,
ly.
2y,
4y.
My,
.151
,149
.,.
.173
.200
.207
.172
.195
,080
.109
.121
.108
.038
.067
.071
. 0s3
.107
.085
.076
,063
.195
.188
,186
.194
.192
.186
.182
,181
.034
....
.083
...
.072
Iroke
..
.160
,171
.153
.182
-m-
.130 x
.009
,129
.049
.137
.067
.115
.055
.138
,069
.093
.091
.096
142
H. F.
W.
GONNERMAN,
LERCFI
AND T.
M,
WHITESIDE
TABLE R.<ottlitwed
\
I t%Ex-1
ban !
sionRef. &
No.
. in I
Auto- I_.
clave /28d.l
1)
14019
14037
13402
14035
.508.208
.5241
.340
.531!.337
.5531
.337
.178
.373*
.416
.367*
.340
U-11 5532 .560~.338
I
5571 .570.2171.237
;p
13401
I .581.344 .413
.587i.277~ .370
~::
%;l
393
I
144981 .599i.212, .299
2y.
4y ,
loy.
.594.1931 .21.5
.599 .2481 .281
.166
.374
.378*
.366
.333*
.150
.389
.371
.388
.317
.155
.439
.384
.429
.335
.215*
.373
.381
.204
.272*
.190
.358
.401
.188
.260
.194
.371
,..
.210
.290
.219
.382
,.,
.214
.304
,..
1.051].136/.174 .220 1.260a.268
.312 .054.139.179.214 .268 .280

.334 1,344
.398 .078.186.224.282
.214 .0391.118~.1511.190 .233 1.254
.278
.290
.302
.381
.166
,299
.401
.150
.310
.439
. 1s5
l13820\ .6141 . ..1 .268*
.287
.271
.291
..
.404
.237*
.352
.415
.220
.370
.446
.246
.410
.456
.267
.,.
.216
.385*
.402
,399
.305
.193
.386
,375
.413
.294
.204
.420
.402
.454
.328
.220
.437
,425
,..
.353
.332
,40+
.216
.326
.415
,193
3903
3887
14032
.614~.312\ .390
.645; .231: .250
.650,.322, .348
u-43
O-24
U-no
268
094
5564 .668~.222: .228

3839 .673:.3301 .383
~W& .689,.3781 .390
.693; .3851 .405
4034 .699].280, .310
Avera e
.659~.3081 .330
High Vaf ue - .699:.3851 .405
Low-Value , .614i.222 .228
.360
.456
.220
.044 .1411.M2,.218
.3201111
.388 .035.110,.1 s1!.185
.352 .043,.135 .184;,221
.238 .030 .125 .168 ,,.
.052 .147 .186.221
\ .268
.227
,292
.271
.292
.281
.329*
.322*
.267
.260
.277
.323
.303
.263*
.263
.299
.365
.324
.232*
.282
206
130
124
207
.776~.290
.785 .264
.791~.279
.798i.295
.331
.352
.350
.368
.352
.337*
.356
.382
.321
.382
.260
.351
.343
.373
.365
.382
roker
,394
,400
.32S
.373
.263
.335
,400
,232
187
313
303
263
~:o
13828 .806i.2401 .400

14135 .818!.270! .304
M~;(!l .835/.300 .407
.836.399 .4.54*
5M$;I .844.359
.8541
.255, .375
.299
0-28 ~38471 .895/

.274/.291
Average
High Value
Low Value
Average
High Value
Low Value
0-40
0-62
;%0
u-99
205
.,
.841!.300 .361
.895,.399 .4$4
.806!.240 .291
,963!.308! .372
.991].370: .413
.912~.2461 .330
3878\ 1.051\.2631
3907, 1.066.340;
5638 1.076.230
S6511 1.157;.320~
56501 1.186.2711
.289
.377
.256
.338
.280
~13877~1.2871 ..,1 .318
.426
.305
.447
.491
.365
.303
:;;;* I .260
.444
.326
,480
,517
,393
,329
t283
.434
.295
.425
.465
.374
.070:.150 ,1851.216 !.274

II
.061 .157 .195 .240 ,295
.041 ,137 .181 ,228 .284
.075 .156 ,196.233 ,286
.356
.454
.204
.280
.332
.325
.280
.259
.7571.268; .320
.798~.299~ .368
.7161.216 .259
11-
.257
,263
, 2s0
.252
.278
.
.271
.295
.250
.716].262{
.720:.285~
.723 .299
.733~.216
.7751.227,
Average.
High Value
Low Value
ly.
2y.
.046
...
?-.00;
...
...
...
. 18W
.067
4y.
My,
...
.400
..
1.273
.276
.262
. 263(
.300
288
1
.310
,287
.238
,308
.277
.308
1,
,415
.,.
.297
.050 [II
.133.152.182
.052~.130.l7l:.2l4
.057 .1481.1831.215
.07S .169 .203 .ZSI
.050 .143 .184,.216
.043 .145 .190 .235
,053,.146 ,192,.241
.214
.260
.268
.291
.250
.295
.309
.224
.271
.276
.301
.263
.310
,325
,0541.145.1821,220 .270 .281

.075 .169.2031.241 .309 .32S
.043 .130,.152 .182 .214 .224
.416*
.424
,466
.484
.0441,1311.171 .206 .259 ,272

.lsl .171 .,, .222 .232
.0j3 .117].161 .207 ,.273 ,287
,326 I .j3i*
.353
.361
.371
.416
.326
.378
.424
.331
.410
,466
.353
.423 .0381.133 .168 .206 .251 Tti

.484 , .0441.151 .171 .207 .273 .287
.361 .033,.117 ,161 .206 .?22 .232
.278*
.369*
.254*
.351
.266*
.264
.365
.231
.330 I
~ .352
i :j~~
,..
.139
.013
.050
.0$3!.125 .171 .215

.03b.1331.l74l.2l7
.040 .129.1671.200
.046.128.169.206
.267
.268
.252
.246
.306
.283
.273
,260
.311
.0%1474.233 290
... .122,140; . . . ,203 .215
.128
.119
---
.238
.356
.415
.297
133
.283
~ :~~
...
.074
.262
.260
:~~
. 15(
.060 .144 .172 .201 .242 .252

.038 .1251.170(,223
.288
.052.130 .169!.211 .261 .269
.0671.1691.193!.224 .263 .274
.030.110 .151.185
.292 .306
.424
.402
Broken
..
.310
1.301
1,296
.279
:::[:;:; .396
.517
..!
1.286
;;;; z.308
:;: I::;
l::::l::;y:j
.238
.227
,..
.,.
.. . .
,013 +.038
...
.. .
.0401 136/.1751.222 1.275 298

.05.5~R122.160 ,190 /.233 :239
.046 .127 .167 .207 .256 ,260
,043,.128 .172 ,219 ~.290 ,31O
.039 .118 .1511.193 ~,240 .256
.045 .142 .1721.214

.046 .131 .175 .214
.044 :.138 .173 .212
.050 .1351.166.198
.037/.130 .177 .221
;
.052 .142 .180.220

.075,.157 !.196 .240
.037[.130.166 .198
U-8 .5529
3834
0-21
5649
U-98
136
13385
344
14274
13878
13370
133641
13879!
Stored <Outdoors (-)
15Y. \28d.1 lY. \ 2Y. \ 4Y. I 10Y.I 15Y
.256
0-38
0-46
261
In \Vater (+)
llllll
I .564.277\ .308
I .599 .344; .416
~ .j08,.193i .178
Average
High Value
Low Value
185
In Air (-)
_
lY.
ll
ll
250
266
141
264
Expansion or contractiony. .
!112
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
143
\
TABLE R.Continued
Expansion or Contractionz
% ExpanRef.
No.
!ifoM1
[Auto- I
In Air (-)
Iave128d.]
IY.
2y.
4y.
loy.
5522 1.359.2401 .250

u-1
U-41 5562 1,405.1991 ,210
u-lo 5531 1.412. 241 .260
.241*
,199
,265
.228
,169
,263
.238
.165
.288
270
190
u-75
.455
.358*
.328
,474
.357
,305*
.507
.392
.322
Average
1.327 .2821 .309
2.001 .3981 .445
High Value
Low Value ~ 1.051 .199\ .210
.308
.455
,199
.292
.474
.169
.321
.507
.165
13410 2.0311.2801 .358

13281 2,6901.298 .380
.364
,395
,..
.376
,408
...
,380
.395
.364
ll
144
92
204
112
U-94
1
!4041 1.4591.398 .445*
3831 1.484
.350
5596 2.001 0313 .328
~13876Id-!-
113349 5.140~.210 .270

564518.1681.2671 .289
* Cracked.
a Estimated.
I
15yo
.259
.184
.307
In \Vater (+)
28d. ly. 2y.

,032 .125 .159
.042 .122 .161
.0481.141 .184
4y.
,204
.203
.218
loy.
.258
.257
.263
Stored Outdoors ()
15y.
l;.
.
.275
.278
.282
.070 .150 .182 .220

.05.5 .165 .190 .235
.039i.137 .176 .223
,
,
.424
.184
.270 .281
.287 .298
.274 .294
.045! .135 .171 .216 .261 K

.070 .165 .190 .235 .290 .311
.0321.122 .140 .200 .203 .215
.399
.437
...
.417
.
.,.
.064~.159 .210 .264 .339 .358

.058 .152 .2031.258 .310 .325
.045j .144 ,1701.196 .228 .241
.392
.408
.376
.418
.437
.399
.417
.417
.0561 .1521,194 239

.06V .159 ,210,.264
.258
.249
.252
,262
,281
.258
.276
,295 .066;.181~.2281
,2841.338 .362
.346
.305
.292
.339
I 2y.
,1
8
I
!
&
.241
228
.070~.180!.229 .282 .334 .344
10451144 f701196
4y,
.
1
I
I
II
\ 15yr.
.
H. F.
144
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE S.SUMMARY OF OXIDE ANALYSES AND COIIPUTED POTENTIAL COklPOUND

COMPOSITIONS OF 418 COMMERCIAL PORTLAND CEMENTSSERIES
263
Chemical analyses made by the Research Laboratories of the Portland Cement Association or a member company
durin the period 1934-1938in accordance with appropriate ASThI Standard Methods.
,
Al~cements passed the ASTM Pat Test for Soundness, C 189.
Cements are arranged in order of increasing autoclave expansion, See Tables R, T, and U.
Computed Potential
Compound Composition%
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot.
No.
Sioa AlzOa
o-12
0-65
323
294
U-IS
3819
3914
14183
14077
5539
387
299
274
0-25
U-107
14391
14082
14057
3840
5797
369
U-67
0-36
256
14364
5588
3874
14025
Free I Ign, I Ins.

cao ~Loss , Res,
e20,
Cao
21:841 5:93
21.801 5.36
22.1415,27
3.00
6.18
3.83
3.94
2.15
lll-l-l-l-l-l...
64.18 1.77 I 2.03 0.53 ~ 1.55
..
63.78 1.03 I 1.64 0.82 0.78
.,, :0.55
0.30
64.00 1.41 1.82
63.10 2.07 1.92 \ ,.,
0.65 0.14
65.55 1.15 1.49 ! 0,88 1,83 t ..
21.60
22.24
22.34
22.56
3.97
3.8.5
2.90
3.45
63.60
64.00
64.78
65.01
.
;;.;:,
;.::
5,73
5,05
4.10
4.37
MgO
1.56
1.74
1.82
1.23
S0$
No
1.66
1.70
1.72
1.67
analysis made
~ 0.73 0.20
o,i6 I 0.53
..
.,.
0,93 I 1,40
0,88 ! 1.03
...
1.7;
1.35
1.80
0:90
0.46
is made
1.39
,..
1.37
,..
1.12 0.0:
~nj3,,
23.36 4.47
22.22 5.58
21.17 5.63
22.08 5.07 3,54
64.22 1.32
66.33 0.93
63.78 1.74
,
64.361 1.48
0.76
U-17
U-60
243
0-52
U-31
5538
5581
14008
3894
5552
20.80 5.60
22.16 4.65
25.15 4.78
21.34 5.s1
21.84 5.S1
2.72
3.27
3.56
4.13
3.88
64.55 1 1.80
64.86 1.07
61.76 1.62
63.27 1.34
63.37 1.41
2.06
1.93
1,67
2.26
1.60
1.20
358
;::
U-19
0-17
14338
143s9
14062
5540
3825
20.20 6.23
21.14 5,11
21.66 5.23
20.18 5.98
19.50 6.12
4.17
4.31
4.03
3.38
4.38
62.90
63.86
63.68
63.42
64.75
2.47
2.32
2.21
1.30
1!4!
2.00
1,65
1.76
1.86
1.86
0-48
0-59
259
,u-44
u-86
3889
3904
14028
5565
5637
21.10 6,68
21.22 5.87
21.83 5,26
21.20 4.98
21.45 5.47
2.90
3.55
3.00
4.00
3.50
64.06
63.49
64.38
64.22
64.36
1.76
1,85
2.11
2.16
1.88
235
0-3
0-93
U-56
U-105
13977
3780
4009
5577
5781
20.80 5.83
21.13 6.56
20.70 5.56
20.20 4.34
20.96 6.24
4.37
2.60
3.50
5.54
2.90
62.66
64.70
64,02
64.29
64.72
%1
295
U-12
0-26
5525
3893
14078
5533
3841
20.40 6,03
22.04 5.14
22.50 4.85
21.22 6.23
20.92 6.06
3.27
3.50
3.19
2.47
3!30
0-80
U-38
U-116
114
278
3953
5559
5826
13351
14061
21.09 5.30
21.70 4.94
20.95 6.08
20.35 6.68
21.20 4.95
3.04
3.74
3.84
$.79
3.85
0-70
416
U-lol
U-113
0-1s
3934
14831
5652
5823
3823
U-117
300
258
245
222
U-109
301
U-25
U-48
0-20
Average
2.95
2.08
4.22
1.59
1.11
0.88
1.47
0.85
0.17
I
CaS I CZS
55
55
44
44
56
::
29
29
21
46
47
57
54 ,
27
28
21
24
CaA
C4ilF
:
8
10
:;
12
7
;Iii
::;
3.1
3.3
2.3
;:$
2.9
2.8
6/1;
7
11
8
;aS04
9
1:
T
2.9
2.3
3.1
T
..
.,.
. ..
...
3.5
3.3
!!
13
12
:::
2.7
0.30
0.23
0.55
,,,
.,,
;:
12
10
13
3:0
1.95
1.25
1.40
1.30
0.76
2.75
1.12
1.62
1.81
1.62
1.75
1.56
1.32
0.78
0.55
1.38
0.76
1.17
1.65
1.02
1,40
1.30
...
...
0.05
...
.,,
1?
2.8
3.1
1;
11
:::
2.7
2.71
1.23
2.04
1.12
1.28
1.95
1.78
1.85
1,77
2.08
.
0.43
1.31
1.28
1.07
1.27
1.05
1,48
1.70
1.26
0.35
,.,
.,,
...
...
64.84
54.18
64.38
66.48
53,86
0.70
1.15
1.59
0.94
1,74
1.s2
1.85
1.68
1.49
1.88
3.28
1.54
..
0.63
1.10
2.40
1.28
0,87
0.79
1.12
,.,
54.94
53.30
53.62
53.45
53.16
1.96
2.26
1,14
1.43
3.04
1,48
1.72
1.79
1.89
2.14
2.87
3.16
,.,
).22
,.,
1.19
1,36
1.53
0.85
1.40
21.76 ,5,30 ).20
S3.9112.32
1.80
20.12 S.98 4.09

21.98 S.29 2.83
21.02 6.39 2.2s
54.79 1.30
i5.32 1.12
55.74 1.20
1.7:
1.63
1.63
).93 0.89
maly s ms
1.72 1.52
1.22
i. 69 1.25
5909
14083
14027
1401.2
13964
21.46 S.40
21.30 6,05
21.93 S,24
21.s2 5.66
21.24 6.39
4.10
3.71
4.06
4.16
3.71
X.33
53.00
j3. 42
\3.15
52.90
1,63
2.54
1.66
1.71
2.65
1.97
1.82
1.97
1.70
1.99
,,.
.
).45
.,.
,,.
5799
14084
5546
5569
3832
21.10 5.84
20.80 5.97
20.56 S.75
20.66 6.32
19.98 6.35
2,52
3.81
3.69
3.76
3.83
55.36
S3.1O
54.42
54.29
$4.00
1.99
2.65
1.34
1.31
1.63
1.72
1.83
1.64
1.90
1.82
,.,
,..
[.38
).63
[.22
1,07
2.02
0,63
...
..
0421
...
.,,
:.:
:::
13
::;
1!
17
9
;::
3.5
10
11
10
2.>
3.2
2,Q
1;
;:;
..
2.s
,..
1.13
).21
1
15
12
::;
3.2
3.6
10
3.1
,..
.,,
,.,
13
9
7
3.0
2.8
2,8
1.02
1.15
1.00
1.34
0.83
..
0.27
0.06
.
0.27
12
11
3..4
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.4
0.77
1.15
1.48
1.01
1.90
o.i3
...
...
,.,
;:
11
8
i:
11
10
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.2
3.1
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
145
TABLE S.-Conlinu+zi
Computed Potential
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot >0.
AIzOO
6.09
5.66
6.53
7.00
6.21
7e203Cao Mgo
S03 Free
CaO
Ign.
Loss
Ins.
Res.
C3S
3.61
4.25
3.23
3.59
3.67
62.70
63.86
62.24
64.95
62.60
2.00 .,.
1.72 0.67
1.84
0.30
0.13
0.17
:;
0.26
291
109
280
0-1
227
14074
13346
14063
3750
13969
SiO?
.
21.20
21.11
21.56
20.71
21.70
289
0-43
0-75
275
u-9
14072
3883
3941
14058
5530
21.50
21.05I
21.38
21.78
19.98
5.69
5.99
6,13
6.15
7.23
3.71
2.71
2.87
3.55
3.47
230
234
0-38
0-84
u-88
13972
13976
3876
3993
5639
21.50
21.38
20.10
21.98
20.78
6.27
6.28
6.48
4.30
7.02
233
290
:;:9
231
13975
14073
3848
13968
13973
214
U-89
232
285
370
CaA
C~A1
1,87
1.88
0.54
.
1.24
0.91
1.28
0.71
0.92
62.70 2.60
63.87 3,58
65.37 1.34
62.30 2.66
64.36 0.93
2.00
1.50
1.61
2.00
1.73
.,,
1.44
0.96
..
0.30
1.19
0.95
0.79
0.90
0.87
0.30
.
.,.
0.14
!.,
43
51
54
36
52
;;
10
13
3.67
3.52
4.46
2.78
2.42
62.94
62.92
64.55
62.46
62.73
2.51
2.37
1.20
2.99
2.48
1.97
2.00
1.60
1.90
1.83
...
...
1.24
0.77
0.63
0.94
1.11
0.81
2.25
1.64
0.35
0.38
.
.
40
41
55
49
42
10
11
10
7
15
21.30 6.15
21.00 5.93
21.10 4.91
22,04)1 5,82
21.74 6.05
3.55
3.87
3.05
3.66
3.41
62.68
63.30
63.35
62.96
62.00
3.27
2.82
2.67
2.48
2.61
1.81
1.78
2.16
1.86
1.99
.,.
..
1.19
...
...
0.81
1.29
1.60
0.85
2.05
0.22
0.34
42
48
10
9
8
3.1
3.0
0.39
0.09
:;
36
1:
::;
3.4
13956
5640
13974
14068
14365
20.96 5.70
22.46 5.27
21.26 6.37
21.581 4.57
4.26
2.37
3.63
3.43
62.80 2.68
64.22, 1.95
62.96/ 2.50
63.121 3.11
1.81
..
1.33 0.28
1.96 1,32 1.64
1.87
0.94 0.30
1.99
,..
1.39 0.22
N( analysis me :
47
46
41
52
1!
11
6
;::
118
224
0-5
;~;6
13356
13966
3788
3824
14009
21.981 .5.49 2.48

21.60 6.87 3.53
22.24 6.21 2.45
20,54 5.89 3.02
64.64 1.59
62.80 2.49
65,10, 0.80
64.541 1.92
1.76
1.78
1.58
1.77
No
1.31 ;.;:
:.::
. .
0.76 1:12
..
0.70 1.95
analysis made
50
35 I ;;
46
29
58
16
;! : 1;
1218
1(319
::
2:7
3.0
252
U-47
406
U-24
O-8
14021
5568
14552
5545
3810
20.92 6.69
21.12 4.59
2.97 62.62 2.05

3.85 64.08 2.47
1.74
1.56
0.93
1.01
21.00 6.32
20.92 6.39
3.60 65.26 1.23

2,85 65.03 1.44
1.41
1.65
analysis ma
0.76 0.61
0.50 0.94
U-102
220
257
253
254
5722
13962
14026
14022
14023
21.92
21.62
21.33
22.19
21.72
2.73
3.47
3.72
4.64
5.07
1.52
2.19
1.69
1.90
1.83
1.57
...
1.60
0.21
0!17
255
356
249
u-7
U-26
14024
14336
14018
5528
5547
22.23 5.71
4.68 61.3112.57
21.41 5.03
21.16 5.31
21.40 6.06
3.74 63.46 2.76

5.77 62.09 2.33
2.50 64.13 2.48
;-:;
1;0
o-53
0-102
5590
4003
13493
3895
4052
21.06
21.56
20.46
23.26
22.92
5.23
6.49
5.14
5.80
5.83
2.22
1.54
2.47
0.98
2.57
63.65
62.76
63.37
61.21
61.28
2.13
2.35
2.71
2.56
2.69
4.95 3.07 65.07 2.56

6.19 3.03 63.54 1.63
6.19 3.13 ;: .:; ;,%
5.19 1.53
5<05 1.85 63:64I 1:15
2.10
2.05
3.4
36
54
38
1:
13
10
H
3.2
3.2
3.4
2.6
O,,!
I ~; I f;
.,.
...
54 I 19
54
20
i ?
:::
2.9
3!4
3.4
::;
3.1
3.1
3,3
I J
3.0
2.7
11
12
11
9
2.5
2.8
:::
. ..
0.22
0.05
0.08
0.07
*9
36
51
29
33
26
35
1?
:;
38
;
7
1:
11
14
15
1,89 0.25 I 0,72 0.07

N analy sis m: e
1.64 1.58 1.61 0.11
..
1.72 1.32 0.88
...
1.95 0.88 1.05
30
41
14
3,2
11
18
8
258
1.60
1.59
1.83
1.54
1.72
1.27
1.30
0.93
0.35
0.83
1.99
1.09
1.55
0.71
0.68
1.11:
1.16
1.22
1.37
3.00
,,,
.,.
0,11
.
.
12
:::
3.1
;:;
1!
11
11
10
1:
2.7
2.7
3.1
;:;
5
6
10
14
29
3.2
10
11
12
9
3.2
3.2
13
15
11
14
11
::;
3.0
2.9
U.62
326
311
324
0-78
5583
14186
14126
14184
3945
21.64 4.05
21.74 5.23
3.15 65.01] 2.46

4.67 61.40, 3.26
1.68
1.91
20.86 6.37
19.92 6.15
3.83 62.70
2.95 63.03
2.53
1,94
1.8]
1.85
..
1.33 I 1.42
,.. 1 1.34 0.30
anal) is ma
...
1)13 0.34
1.41 2.92 . .
137
297
219
320
322
13389
14080
13961
14180
14182
21.12
20.88
21.05
21,02
21.52
4.12
4.96
3.63
4.55
3.73
2.77
3.10
2.30
3.44
3.46
1.60
1.59
1.85
1.74
1.69
1.67
,..
.,.
,..
...
u-77
u-68
215
0-61
395
10
5628
5589
139s7
3906
14500
21.00
20.96
21.58
20.70
20.93
4.76
6,04
6.39
.5.59
5.47
5.91
5.52
5.13
5.09
6.64
3.23
3.80
3.93
3.40
2.12
63.08
62.36
62,37
61.76
61.78
64.79
64.52
62.88
65.07
64.24
1.21
1.26
3,66
2.39
2.77
1.75
1.81
1.84
1.54
1,74
0.94
1.76
...
1.26
...
1.83
0.58
1.34
I .31
1.76
0.10
0.14
0.24
0.35
0.27
1.73 . . .
.
1.24
1,57 0.30
1.16 .,,
1.02 . . .
1!
:
10
8
::
:
14
10
6
2.7
!:!
3.1
2.6
3.0
146
H, F,
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T.
M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE S.Continued
Computed Potential
Compound Composition-70
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot NO.
SiOz A1z03 e203 CaO / MgO

.
l
Ign.
Loss
Ins.
Res.
1.75
1.94
1.92
1.75
1.82
Free
CaO
.
1.47
1.65
1.86
...
0.85
1.36
;.:;
S03
CaS
CaA
52
45
54
11
11
0:43
1.20
,.,
...
.,.
..
0.17
:;
;
12
:4AF
3928
5597
4001
5910
13494
20.90 5.85
20.70 6.12
20.721 5.29
20.54 S.98
20.88 6..57
2,95
3.13
3.63
4,20
2.91
63.84
62.16
63.36
63.26
63.86
14333
3905
5629
13979
3943
21,40 5.03
22.12 4.92
21,10 6.47
21.08 5.53
21.22, 5.95
4,17
3.08
2.55
3.39
3.26
62.20 3.71
64.70 2.20
63.25 1.42
62.64 3.29
62.55 2.24
1.79
1.75
1.81
1.75
1.75
.,.
1.05
1.57
.,,
1.81
1.63
0.99
2.48
1.44
1.96
0.32
...
.!.
0.10
.,.
46
::
48
48
1:
1:
10
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
U-65
251
288
$LJ3
5586
14020
14071
3939
13970
6.20
5.09
5.61
6.61
5.83
2.60
2.78
3.89
3.20
4.67
64.51
64.58
63.40
62.85
62.56
1.44
2.22
3.15
2.26
3.28
1.66
1.70
1.74
1.87
1.68
1.87
1.02
2.36
1.21
1.29
1.05
0.57
...
0.18
0.21
,..
0.20
54
54
12
9
2.8
:;
43
1;
8
1!
10
14
H
3.2
2.9
107
273
287
0-67
328
13343
14056
14070
3931
14188
20.84!
21.76,
20.54;
21.48
21.24!
I
21.77
21.00
21.90
21.52
21.40,
5.05
5.51
5.17
5.82
5.39
2.75
3.39
4.19
3.10
3.71
63.61
62.74
62.90
63.63
61.30
2.02
3.44
3.33
2.36
3.84
1.62
1.72
1.56
1.60
1.54
1.57
...
1.72
,.,
1.75
1.28
0.80
1.07
1.54
0.24
0408
0.27
.,.
0.37
:;
44
47
41
8
10
13
9
11
2.7
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.6
U-28
408
357
5549
14556
14337
553.5
5543
20.98
19.32
21.00
20.62
21.70
6.23
6.16
5.73
6.19
4.67
2.89
4.95
4,17
2.67
2.99
65.20
61.43
62.56
64.63
63.95
1.34
2,75
3,15
1,85
2.82
1.74
1.74
1.85
1.62
1.71
0.72
0.71
...
1,45
1.61
1,20
2.72
0.85
1.21
1.61
0,14
0.20
...
...
55
50
45
56
55
12
8
9
15
13
8
9
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.9
2z9
286
u-3
u-39
13967
13971
14069
jjz~
5560
20.82
21.00
21.80
21.96
21.00,
5.99
5.74
5.12
6.49
5.44
3.55
4.73
4.27
2.85
2.84
3.48
62.40 3.28
63.00 3.26
63.77 1.17
64.58 2.05
1.95
1.69
1.60
1.82
1.71
1,20
0.50
0.95
1.08
1.43
0.35
0.18
0.32
...
..
45
44
46
40
58
10
11
14
13
9
9
3.3
2.9
2.7
3.1
2,9
216
318
368
349
u-54
13958
14178
14363
14329
5575
21.00 6.21
22.30, 4.07
20.885.49
22.00 5.63
21.2815.24
3.59
3.03
4.01
2.21
2.44
62.70 3.48
63. W 3.15
63.10 2.97
64.02 3.14
63.651 2,45
1.91
1.66
1.99
1.63
1.84
1.27
1.80
1.41
0.86
2.50
0.22
0.22
0,25
0.17
,..
43
50
10
6
11
::
53
1!
10
1:
7
7
3.2
3.1
3.4
:::
a:
20.50! S.07
20.45/ 6.04
3.3s
3.29
64.49, 1.11
63.60 2.74
1.84
1.86
10
10
10
10
3.1
3.2
21.64 5.73
20.87 5.60
4.07
2.82
62.50 3.51
63.571 1.86
1.6!
1.64
0.96 2.13
. .
1.05 1.20
..
anal: is ma~
0.75 0.30
...
0.87 2.49 0.14
57
53
365
325
372
3912
3935
14346
14185
14382
41
54
1:
12
9
2.7
2.8
32I
343,
139,
359.
U-96
14181
14273
13395
14339
5647
21.54 5.75
20.72 6.41
20.58 6.36
21.94 5.01
22.71 5.24
4.23
2.71
3.02
3.63
1.4S
62.50
64.15
65.49,
62.62
65.32
3.45
2.83
0,75
3.68
1.05
1,65
1.74
1.48
1.69
1.88
.
1.28
2.59
.
0.41
0.80
0.83
1,84
1.39
2.02
0.19
0.17
0.23
0,25
.,.
41
52
59
45
51
13
1;
12
2.8
1;
;
11
4
0-74
3940
4039
5537
5551
20.17 6.66
22.58 6.15
21.60 4.47
20.84 5.32
3.10
2.83
2,47
3.10
63.90 1.45
63.031 1.72
63.421 3.15
63.42 2.99
1.61
1.46
1.89
1.79
1.83
1.11
1.01
1.48
2.3S
1.17
1.63
1.40
...
53
35
12
12
9
9
U-97
U-51
C-35
396
0-64
5648
5572
5S76
14501
3913
22.34 5.51
20.40 6,16
20.97 6.29
20.64 6.23
20.00 6.05
2.67
3.30
2.80
2.80
3.73
62.65[ 2.79
63.94, 2.45
64.29, 2.57
64.761 1.84
64.841 0.98
1.67
1.87
1.74
1,70
1.57
0.91
1.70
0.76
.
2.81
1.39
1.19
1.06
1.11
1.92
U-63
407
213
365
5584
14555
13949
14360
22.86 4.82
19.32 6.24
1.86
5.11
66.93 0.74
61,46 2.96
21.82( 5.09
.
21.24 5.73
3.71
62.6213.88
1.49 1,33 0.83

1.68 0.73 2.37 0.17
N analysis ma
I 1.20 0.21
1.66
0-66
U-76
O-89
~,; 18
353
0-60
U-78
237
O-i?
U-14
6-22
225
0-96
U-16
U-30
Average
319
125
u-23
()-27
93
I 14179
~ ]3365
5544
I
I 3842
13282
21.38!
21.45!
22.02
20.76
20.66
5.87
4.89
5.54
6,19
6.21
2,39
1.98
2,20
2.33
1.97
Ij~&/
0.72
..!
...
0.63
1.15
,.,
.
2.29
13
9
1:
9
9
1:
8
1!
7
i
12
10
.,,
::
,.,
..
.
.
40
54
51
56
61
10
11
1:
::
10
;
11
59
49
10
8
1:
451291
63.581 2.22
1.76
1.14 i 1.35
0.22
49
24
4.07
3.19
2.78
3.33
2.61
62.66!3.26
64.39;3.07
65.12 0.68
63.63 2.02
64.11 2.94
1.50
1.58
1.65
1.90
1.80
0.63
0.72
1.18
I 0.82
~ 0.11
0.23
0.11
,..
43
57
52
49
53
29 9
0.18
:!
22
19
3.0
3,3
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.5
2.9
711112.8

10 I 11
3.0
3.44
0.:8
1.19
1.77
1.13
1:
11
13
9
12
10
1:
11
1:
12 ,8
2.6
2.7
2.8
$!
I
,,
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
147
CHARACTIIRISTICS
TABLE S.-Contintied
Computed Poten~ial
Compound ComoposltlonTO
...
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot NO.
5iOz A120t
1
7ree
ZaO
.
~gn.
.0ss
Ins.
Res.
1!49
1.27
L.40
?.55
1.40
42
0.22
.
64
45
0.31
,,. , 56
53
,..
0.31
0.10
0.19
C,s
0-101
276
u-79
0-19
14060
4050
14059
5630
3831
21.82
21.70
21,40
20.54
20.48
5.57
4.24
5.81
5.49
6.09
3.23
3.28
3.23
2.35
2.43
CaO hlgO S03
,
62.60 1 3.62 ~ 1.61
65.62 0.60 1.61
62.78 3.75 1.63
63.15 3.40 1.77
63.40 , 3.54 1.71
>,115
142
298
U-81
o-47
13352
13408
14081
5632
3888
20.49 5.51
;:. !5: :.:;
64.48
64.69
62.10
62.80
64.70
2.03
1.94
3.77
3.10
2.07
1.83
1.71
1.85
1.75
1.63
2.31
1.22
22:90 4:43
22.42 4.87
3.20
2.88
3.59
2.65
2.85
D.25
1.28
1.78
1.04
1.69
1.81
1.20
342
0-6
89
0-56
U-15
14272
3789
13278
3901
5536
20.78
21.15
20.26
20.78
21.90
6.28
5.98
6.29
5.52
5.47
2.92
2.14
2.93
2.80
2.70
64.51
66.92
64.44
63.17
63.99
1.85
1.08
2.00
2.52
3.15
1.70
0.82
1.84
1.96
1.82
0.85
0,90
1.86
2.12
0.38
J.98
1.39
1.42
2,40
1.81
0.10
350
283
U-104
o-2
0-88
14330
14066
5780
3779
4000
21.26
21.32
5.93
5.09
4.07
3.35
2.40
2.30
2.53
62.12
63.02
63.94
65.66
64.11
3.25
3.69
2.86
0,84
3.04
1.78
1.89
1.85
1.76
1.48
,..
281
352
U-36
U-53
o-49
14064
14332
5557
5574
3890
;:.:
21:42
20.16
21.24
6:14
6.11
6.18
3.11
3.93
3.06
3.41
3.28
63.20
62.58
63.72
63.94
64.27
3.04
3.30
1.75
3.08
1.49
1.61
1.92
1.75
1.80
1.92
U-71
U-61
U-58
U-119
O-92
5592
5582
5579
5912
4008
21.06
20. ~9
20.42
21.46
21.88
5.60
5,67
6.02
6.32
5.90
2.19
3.16
2.45
2.98
2.40
62.83
63.23
66.50 I
63.69
63.05
3.99
2.82
0.73
2.04
3.24
1-.69
1.82
2.02
1.63
1.57
0.70
1.59
0.93
6.62
1.91
2.03
1.41
1.22
1.35
351
0-45
0-82
U-103
o-22
14331
3885
3969
5779
3835
21.16
22.26
21.65
20.36
20,41
5.67
4,90
4.44
6.55
6.70
4.09
2.18
2.29
2.95
3.15
63.02
64.70
64.11
64.29
65.24
3.41
2.79
2.74
2.47
0.72
1.93
1,53
1.92
1.80
1.42
,..
1,11
0.98
1.95
2.15
0.62
1.24
2.14
0.84
1.66
0-97
u-59
122
362
0-79
4042
5580
13362
14345
3952
20.70 6.48
21.88 5.65
22.10 5.70
2.95
2.15
2.09
64.73 1.25
64.86 1.33
63.73 2.92
1.69
1.48
1.72
2.33
62.62 3.08
1.8;
1.23
..
1.50
).99 o.il
s ma
).12
54
22.28 5.01
1.43
1.28
).83
anal
1.80
. .
...
1.29
).70
2.08
1.14
L.11
1.33
[.11
[.19
1.53
1!91
0.22
0.30
277
239
173
U-42
2.33
0.88
2.22
19
11
12
12
9
7
2.9
o.i7
.
,..
;;
26
1;
10
;
8
::;
3.3
3.1
D.68
1.27
0,64
D.79
1,20
0.32
0.30
.
.,.
41
51
49
53
54
30
23
27
22
19
12
10
7
1.11
0.58
1.16
1.23
1,27
0.22
0.31
,..
45
42
46
31
29
27
:!
50
55
66
45
43
23
16
2;
31
46
5-2
58
54
57
26
24
19
18
16
.,,
,.,
0.21
;
13
12
1;
11
10
11
1:
12
:
10
3.3
2.6
3.3
3.1
2,4
;:
29
12
11
12
9
7
6
2.9
2.5
2.9
43
32
3.2
45
56
54
53
56
46
31
16
19
19
10
11
2.7
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
;:
?.08
[.07
1.10
1.77
2.11
..
..
,..
...
49
48
56
51
55
23
2.2
11
14
;:
17
H
10
3.71
2.00
3.59
2.40
2.48
62.90 3.16
:;. ;; ~.;;
.
0.96
1.84
1.50
>.77
2.38
1.54
0.76
...
47
25
12 *
28
1:
63:86 3:21
63.08 3.39
1.94
1.89
1.80
1.88
1.77
3811
4047
13495
3999
5573
1.70
2.90
3!11
1.93
2.72
66.52
64. W
63.57
63.97
64.01
0.68
2.70
3.16
3.40
3.56
1.51
1.89
1.65
1.49
1.91
0.57
1.89
1.11
;.:;
1.13
1.70
1.00
0.60
1,00
,..
...
3849
13376
13992
1::9:
21.34 6.18
20.04 6.99
2.20
2.32
64.48 2.02
63.03 3.16
1.53
1.88
20.17 6.13
21.70 6.20
2.57
2.70
63.52 3.17
63.87 1.98
1.7;
1.77
1.20
1.27
anal
1.65
2.45
..
1.27
1.63 0.11
is ma e
2,38 0.17
...
1.14
...
0.14
.,.
...
1:
10
13
7
1.98
..
1.63
1.01
2.20
i.95
1.25
2.7
3.3
3.0
3,1
3.3
2.01
1.42
1.54
1.76
1.89
5.53
6.08
6,19
5.48
6.24
:
10
12
::!
2.23
2.49
4.20
2.27
2.81
0.13
::;
3.0
2.5
7
10
8
9
7
63.48
64.06
63.53
64.15
63.62
,..
3.0
11
10
12
12
12
2.70
2.65
2.65
2.45
2.92
21.16
20.76
21,03
20.64
20.46
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.8
::
57
52
48
21.13
20.98
20,84
21.54
20.46
14079
5548
14499
5553
5394
10
::
33
26
:;
51
:
14
12
11
10
5.77
6.81
5.37
5.65
5.76
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.9
1;!9
63.20! 3.04
63.60 3.37
65.291 1.40
64.46, 1.91
64.90 1.04
62.49 3.15
5801
3873
3877
5631
5642
g-:o
14
3.11
3.75
2.37
2.67
3.24
2.92
U-ill
o-35
()-39
U-80
u-9 1
O-87
U-52
0.63
1.45
1.00
60
54
22.441 4.89
20.26 5.67
20.80 6.75
20.68 6.37
20.70 6.09
21.10, 5.77
14067
14328
5527
3820
5556
13488
o-9
y;9
p;
2.27
).83
1.61
2.00
1.90
1.76
1.73
1.68
284
348
U-6
0-13
u-35
167
296
U-27
394
U-32
u-73
22.30 4.96
21.60 6.18
20.86 5.99
1.66
ilso4
C2S C3.A ~C4AF

,
L
31
9I1O
8]20
;:
10
10
1117
17
19
12;7
::
58
51
::
55
59
51
43
55
55
45
:
10
9
8
8
8
3.4
2.4
2.6
3.0
3.2
.;
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
11
lf
:
;:
33
18
11
11
11
12
10
;
10
13
8
7
7
;;
12
12
8
8
24
:;
;;
12
3.4
2.8
2.7
;::
148
H. F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T. M. WKITESIDE

TABLE S.--Coitweded
Computed Potential
Compound Composit ion~.
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot NO.
o-57
0-37
397
y2y3
3902
3875
14502
3932
13367
SiOz
.
20.95
21.52
21.02
20.31
20.09
355
U-122
168
U-34
u-33
14333
5948
13491
5555
5554
21.50
20.08
20.42
20.36
20.84
U-115
0-90
366
0-83
U-20
5825
4002
14361
3970
5541
102
j;8
U-114
201
13291
3826
13347
S824
13873
340
90
412
14270
13279
14736
AIzO~ FezOz
6.49 2.42
6.44 2.70
6.07 2.75
5.74 2.90
6.09 3.57
5.07
4.98
6.14
5.89
4.35
3.13
3.05
3.17
3.33
2.45
CaO
MgO
63.00
64.27
63.40
62.42
63.70
3.19
2.01
2.94
2.85
2.88
l
1.94
1.64
1.76
2.08
1.78
63.50
63.80
63.38
63.08
63.43
3.70
3.25
3.56
3.60
4.s0
1.71
2.50
1.46
1.68
1.73
I
21.44 5.95 2.43 63.97 3.30
20.58 6.93 2.35 63.47 2.32
22.20 5.41 2.85
21.86,5.03 2.88
63.75 3.49
62.89\ 4.13
19.17; 7.56
20.96 5.76
20.49 6.13
20.18~ 6.29
3.03
2.20
2.70
2.73
65.191 1.41
63.54 3.10
63.98 1 82
62.91 3.28
20.94 6.04
20.83 6.43
2.85
3.14
Ign,
Loss
Ins,
Res.
1.33
1.09
0.96
1.43
0.85
1.S3
1.11
1.00
2.69
0.93
.,.
0.93
1.64
1.48
1.00
1.95
0.80
1.61
2.18
0.14
0.08
0.20
0.11
,..
1.56 0.73 0.69

,.,
1.79 1.00 1.50
hToanal, sis m: ,e
1.24 1.22 0,87
1,67 1.13 I 1.04 ,
1
I
,
C2S
CSA c4AF
44
46
49
51
55
27
27
23
20
16
13
13
11
10
10
;
11
52
62
52
53
62
23
10
;:
19
13
18
10
i
1?
10
8
2.9
4.2
2.5
2.9
2.9
so
47
24
24
12
14 I
2.7
3.0
Css
7
8
3.3
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.1
2.8
I 47 1 29
/47~27~11~;
4.3
3.2
::;
No analysis made
63,79 2.88 1.7S 1.23 0.80 0.13

63.4612.46 I 1.74 I 0.84 I 0,73 I 0.13]
N-o anal~,sis made
~;
I ;;
I :;
I 1:
3.0
3.0
2.83
63.84 2.65
1,75 1.28
1.32
0.20
x-
21.10 5.83
14075
5946
14065
14140
3995
19.80
21.89
19.96
20.94
21.78
S.85
S.81
5.64
6.63
6.35
3.65
2.21
3.54
2.29
2.83
63.40
64.75
64.02
63.35
64.75
3.73
1.66
3.28
3.02
0.92
1.85
1.70
2!00 .,.
1.68
1.62 1.03
1.42
1.31
0.93
1.09
0.95
0.17
S8
so
11
7
11
::
47
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.9
2.8
5644
5591
5635
5782
20,68
19,72
22.54
21.41
5.93
6.26
4.24
4.8S
2,81
2.50
2.24
2.43
64.36
62.51
63.94
64.15
2.01
3.20
2.65
3.46
1.64
1.89
2.01
1.62
S6
54
52
57
9
8
7
7
3.4
3.1
354
0-76
0-95
405
120
14334
3942
4038
14532
13358
21.70
20.44
22.36
20.31
21.10
5.07
4.68
4.78
6.75
5.94
3.03
3.76
1.90
2.52
3.74
63.80
62.83
62.81
62, 6S
63.09
3.51
4.81
3.95
3.32
2.47
1.6S
1.92 0.74
1.72 1.68
1.9s
1.79 1.60
1,00
1,05
1.93
1.35
0.69
0.20
..
.,.
0-11
u-95
u-37
327
188
3813
5646
5558
14187
13829
19.91
21.88
21.06
20.00
20.81
5.76
5.03
6.66
7.15
6.91
2.75
1897
2.70
2.5s
2.89
62.79
62.30
64.08
63.20
62.99
3.46
4005
1.51
2.97
3.07
1.40
1.97
1.51
2.26
1.63
2.80
1.61
0,79
,.,
0.28
2.96
2.15
1.52
0,80
1.19
.,.
..
.,.
0.07
0.30
189
341
304
302
13830
14271
14087
14085
20.48 6.93
20.55 6.37
19.94 4.99
19.00 6.53
2.80
3.30
5.17
2.47
61.80
63.62
62.08
63.54
3.04
2.40
4.33
4.12
1.57 0.16
1.90 1.68
1,78 1.28
1.92
2.75
0.65
1!11
1.71
293
221
jL~6
174
14076
13963
5567
13978
13633
19.50
19.76
20.96
19.60
20.17
7.23
7.21
5.45
6.80
5.59
2,47
2.63
2.55
2.93
2.30
63.06
62.89
62.94
63.20
64.06
3.66
3.66
4.36
3.30
3.34
1.89 .,,
1:97 .,.
1.51 1.38
2.09 . .
1.86 2.9S
218
U-112
238
175
271
13960
5818
13985
13634
14054
20.04 7.06
20.98 5.94
3.08
2.70
2.00
2.06
B
63.97] 3.33 I 1.8S
B
:;;2
3866
14416
4048
3790
3782
61.82
63.8S
64.37
6S.07
66.23
Average
292
:8;21
316
0-86
u-93
::7
U-lO6
0-100
R
20.151 S.48 I 2.32

22.56!
20.78
20.46
19.43
18.s8
4.03
5.60
6.68
7.03
7.07
3.14
2.76
3.30
3.70
2.93
63.48 3.12
63.76 2.4S
5.24
2.96
1.11
0.84
1.26
1.82
1.83
1.80
1.87
1.67
0.79
1.80
1.35
1.13
1.80
2,65
1.87
1.45
0.46
.,,
.
.
,..
-
3.0
1;
2.8
3.3
2.9
3.3
3.0
:!
8
6
2.4
3.4
:;
43
:
9
:::
2.8
0.46
0.13
0.07
0.34
41
so
.55
61
1!
16
8
::;
1.49
1.45
1.47
1.13
2.25
0.24
0.32
51
48
52
8
8
3.2
3.4
2.6
0.25
0.14
:;
;
7
,..
2.36
analy
2.96
analy
1.13
1.67
is ma
2.31
is ma
0.10
...
e
0.1.5
e
49
.50
9
8
3.4
3.5
0.32
0.74
.
2.27
4.22
0.77
:.::
...
0.14
431;;
/5
i 10
35 ,
52
20
12
60
11
12
71
0
14
0.13
0:91 :::
1.68
...
52
:;
46
46
1?
.6
3.0
3.3
3.2
6211111117
1:
10
11
9
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
2.8
i
I
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
149
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE S.-Continued
Computed Potential
Compound Composition-%
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No,
Lot No.
sio2iA]203Fe20a
u-2
::;20
Free
CaO
Ign.
Loss
Ins.
Res.
329
0-41
18.96!
21.18,
21.36;
19.58/
20.68
7.17
5.68
6.19
6.81
5.38
3.65
2.88
2.17
2.29
2.80
64.77
62.48
65.19i
64.30!
62.78
0.89
3.72
1.09
2.92
4.32
1.87
1.61
1.70
1.89
1.77
1.50
.
3.06
.
1.46
1.66
2.12
1.38
0.92
1.37
91
0-72
0-14
U-108
U-92
13280
3936
3821
5798
5643
20.92 6.01
20.841 4.75
21.501 S.38
20.26 7.07
20.48, 6.44
2.70
2.13
2.40
2.93
2.80
1.80
1.67
1.65
1.95
1.80
0.81
1.09
1.22
.,.
1.48
1.05
2.25
1.33
1.03
1.66
0.12
. .
. .
...
20,59( 6.02
2.83
63.75 2.94
63,06 4.58
64.39 2.74
65.15 1.22
64.57 1.53
63.59 2.96
1.80
1.55
1.47
5578
13369
13959
3884
14362
21.22
21.36
20.00
20.36!
5.32
5.36
7.57
7.44
2.50
2.87
2.39
2.48
5550
14571
5581
5561
14570
20.58
20.36
20.08
19.79
20.2s
5.78
6.88
6.51
7.37
6.75
U-21
U-83
0-31
0-85
0-103
5542
5634
3865
3994
4164
19.72
19.52
21.56
21.24
19.98
0-55
210
265
O-W
347
3900
13906
14036
3899
14354
U-72
u-45
U-82
5593
5566
5633
:;7
217
0-44
367
U-29
410
g:[j
409
Average
0-50
260
346
~i54
U-74
U-85
O-98
0-34
U-49
0-81
U-13
yi;2
o-33
3871
14029
14353
5585
13827
5595
5636
4043
3869
5570
39s4
5534
3880
13394
3868
Average
250
266
141
264
U-n
14019
14037
13402
1;;;;
U-50
140
105
0-23
0-1o
393
5571
13401
13338
3838
3812
14498
Average
1
C3S Cls
5523
5913
5526
14189
3879
Average
CaO Jf!go S03

...
61
46
54
0.10
...
GAF
C3A
3.2
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.0
11
9
7
13
10
;!
13
;:
11
9
8
7
7
9
9
i:
::
51
58
54
54
55
22
16
21
17
17
0.20
53
19
11
3.1
63.30 3.80
62.1814.46
63.10 3.73
62.71 3.21
..
1.88 1.76 1.03
1.63 0.71 1.17 0.23
2.09
..
1.30 0.35
1,84 0.65 1.0.2 .,,
N anal, is ma e
52
46
45
42
22
10
27
24
27
1:
16
3.2
2.8
3.6
3.1
2.32
2.35
3.15
2.30
2.32
63.78
62.24
65.01
63.48
62.43
3.65
3.49
1.21
2.90
3.48
1.80
;.;;
7.59
6.95
5.06
6.17
6.71
2.99
2.57
2.38
2.65
2.60
65.30 1.27
63.371 2.92
62.00 4.10
62.67 2.94
63.03 3.17
1.78
1.86
1.85
1.96
1.86
18.94 6.61
21.50 5.22
2.55
2.60
63.68 2.63
62.=45:4.37
22.12 5.13 2.?5

21.49 5.80 2.96
62.21 3.92
63.37 1.15
1.77 1.95
2.03 0.37
N anal
1.74 1.92
1.69 1.65
1,08 0.15
is ma
1.44
..
2.11
...
52
47
19.96[
21.98
19.94
20.S7/
1.69
1.73
1.87
2.23
0.88
0.90
2.34
1.15
2.17
56
46
56
1:96
1.66
1.61
..
;.:;
15
1$
9
8
12
13
;
8
2.86
.,.
1318
918
...
,..
,..
1.22
0.24
19.34 6.98
21.11 7.01
21.53 5.88
19.32 6.58
20.831 7.02
2.48
2.64
2.88
2.40
2.50
63.56
62.03
63.95
64.72
63.48
2.93
3.34
0.98
2.55
3.14
1.82
1.86
1.80
1.70
1.62
2.22
0.71
1.88
2.07
0.42
1.92
0.95
1.51
1.23
0.83
,.,
0.10
...
...
0.36
2.19
2,56
2.65
2.54
2.56
64.01
63.51
62.75
63s65
62.94
3.19
2.68
2.88
4.22
2.86
1.67
:.:;
1:54
1.59
1,68
1.04
1.07
1.26
0.63
2.06
1.04
1.97
1.08
1.47
...
...
...
...
...
2.58
2.63
3.10
2.05
2.25
1.80
1.65
1.71
1.54
1.84
1.60
3.97
2.06
1.64
1.13
1.06
2.65
;.;;
1:17
...
...
,.,
0.15
...
1.72 1.56
1.41
0.20
52
21.75 6.06
2.53
2.23
63.35 3.57
21.1S1 6.75
2.40 I63.78I2.1O
21.16[ 5.19
20.62 S.94
247I63631413
2.87 62.5414.77
2.49 63.70 1.78
2.43 64.33 2.61
3.28 , 61.74 4.82
2.10 1 63.47 3.76
2.48 , 62.36 4.41
.
2.53 63.21 3.55
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.2
...
...
,,,
.
2.55
19.80~ 6.42
3.1
3.0
2.9
3<3
2.8
0.80
1.85
2,18
1.37
1.71
6.27
7
7
10
7
7
.,.
63.23 3.42
63.12 3.99
62.66 3.04
63.11 3.18
3.3
3.1
11
14
12
16
14
0.33
1.01
0.54
0.63
1.42
,..
...
2.25
2.17
2.47
63.54 3.26
63.23 3.71
63.35 3.96
63.84 4.02
63.99 2.61
63.50 3.09
::
12
1,44
1.85
1.84
1.50
1,92
6.25
5.41
5.73
3.1
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.9
1:
2.9
2.9
3.2
13
11
11
12
3.1
56
36
48
14
14
11
3.1
3.2
3.1
;:
;::
2.8
::
47
11
12
11
X5
1!
53
63
55
55
51
14
10
10
11
13
z--
::!
2,6
2,7
3.1
;::
:::
21
12
2.9
14
56
1.72 3.01 2.12 0.22
analyais ma
1.8! 1.72 I 1.23 O.1OI45I27I14I
1, analysiama e
13
2.9
151119511.101
1.76
1.88
2.05
2.12
1.85
1.80
1.29
1.74
1.92
1.10
2.31
.,.
1.84
1.30
1.33
1.11
1.60
2.44
1.o9
1.88
1.48
l
Q.~8
0.13
...
..
...
i
!
I
~
~
,
713.2
56 I 19 I 10
53
46
60
47
57
47
19
25
11
25
15
26
0.13 ! 52 120
10
I 8 126
9
8
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.2
3.1
1;
12
10
/111813.1
1:
6
8
150
H. F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T. M. WHITESIDE

TABLE S,-Continued
Computed Potential
Oxide Analyses%
Ref. No.
Lot hTo.
CaO MgO
.
.
1
CaSOi
C2S CSA 1C4AF
Ins. CaS
Sos ~ae; ~o;; Re~+
. .
No analysis made
185
0-58
0-46
261
13820
3903
3887
14032
u-43
0-24
U-no
268
0-94
5564
3839
5800
14039
4034
21.76; 5.21
20.80 6.14
20.02 6.85
2.65
2.48
2.55
62.94( 4.09
63.331 3.42
63.65; 3.14
21.60 5.12
21.06 5.70
2.50
1,7311.03-10.931
. . . I 47
2.55
62.49 3.99
.
62.86 4.01
1.7811.2811.121
..
344
5529
3834
5649
13385
14274
21.88
21.06
20.76
20.80
21.70
4.89
5.93
5.65
4.85
5.10
2.35
2.25
2.29
2.56
2.47
62.44
63.04
63.65
63.51
62.88
1.48
1.82
1.81
1.78
1,65
206
130
124
207
13877
13370
13364
13879
21.15
20.84
5.49
6.16
2.98
2.23
62.00 4.82
64.07 3.30
21.1715.44
2.45
63.08 3.88
20.98: 6.92
20.76 6.25
21.00 7.04
2.44
2.76
2.54
;;.:
20.48
21.41
20.221
20.80
6.21
5.17
5.24
2.47
2.70
2.58
63.37 3.30
63.06 4.47
63.84, 4.12
6.14
2.58
19.70
7.06
2.48
21.50; 5.10
_
20.60 6.08
2.54
2.51
49
23
12
i 018
63.203.21 I 1.92 ] 0.93 I 1.35 ~ . I 51 I 18 I 15 I
No analysis made
62.8114.54
1.86 I 0.71 I 0.84 \ 0.12 I 49 ( 25 [ 9 ]
_:_
:: ______
63.001 3.88
21.24,
21.24;
21.02
19.66
21.46/
5.82
5.02
5.69
6.96
5.34
2.60
3.40
2.19
2.44
2.20
62.49; 4.38
61,17! 3.90
63.80 3.78
63,8713.01
63.151 4.S4
1.90
1.96
1.85
1,86
2.01
2.50
2.58
2.27
62.71 4.40
63.731 4.91
63.72 4.54
No analysis made
1.77 0.41 1.21 . . .
1.86 1.26 1.22 . . .
1.66 1.67 1.34 . . .
Average
U-8
0-21
fi;8
Average
187
313
303
263
U-90
169
0-28
13828
14135
14086
14034
5641
13492
3847
A~erage
O-69
203
135
3933
13875
13384
Average
:3:
62.00 4.91
62,78 4.49
4.23
2.81
2.91
4.70
4.42
:.::
62:37 3:43
6312!
::$:
la~f i ~$j
1.13
1.16
2.21
1.24
1.10
0.86
..
1.55
.
2.01
1.32 0.15
0.73 , 0.12
472791
50
22
12 I;!$;
18 i 14
52
t
26
I 49 I 24 I 11 I
24
24
18
::
55
59
49
I 2.9
8 I 3.0
1?2
11
9
9
7
7
2.5
3.1
i
8
HI
2.8
I;:I;!] ?I;:;
,
1.73 I 1.28 / 1.19 \ 0.14
52
22
10
1.57 I 0.64 1.29

2.00 0.43 1.09
1.75 I 1.12 0.80
~8~lysis
made
1.45 1.32
1:47 1.10 , 0.78
1.72 ,2.38 1 1.15
10.29
0.21
0.08
44
46
38
27
25
31
14
12
148
2,7
3.4
3.0
.
~ 0.12
I
52
51
62
20
23
11
1218
8
8
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.0
1;
366
I 173 I 1191107
89
13877
5522
5562
5531
21.58 5.18
20.84 4.74
21.08 5.31
270
190
u-75
14041
13831
5596
21.07,7.27 I 2.61 I 62.20,3.5211.73
Average
I :
205
d-l
U-41
IJ-10
13410
13281
13876
I j%t
N-o analysis made
1,85 0.60 0.78 0.13

1.71 I 1.53\ 1,09 I 0,16 ] ~~
No analysis made
U-S-7
u-loo
u-99
144
92
204
I :::
1:87 I 1:50 1:20 I .::

No analvsis made
3878
3907
5638
5651
5650
Average
I !?::; I Ml
No analysis made
8 I 3.3
3.2
I082I110I0121
50I22
I128I 8
!23~ll
0.61
0.77
1.22
1.44
0.62
0.99
1.72
1.32
1.45
0.82
.
...
...
...
...
3.2
49
43 I 28
53 ~ 20
i;
10
~
:;
1;
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.4
26
10
:;
1:
8
8
7
3.0
3.2
2.8
48
60
56
I ;:
No analysis made
I0.23
Iu I:;I;:I :Ii:;
20.9615.71
2.55
1.72 I 084
1.06 I 087
1,64
_
l
62.91 4.16 1.83 0.99 1.26 0.23
21.54, 5.23
21.82, 5.25
2.07
2.01
62.46, 4.98
62.00 5.09
20.46,I 5.72
2.70
62.23 4.58
1.82
1.80
1.38
1.09
0.96
0.93
0.10
0.15
No anal~ is made
-,
21.68 5.24 2.04 62.2315.04 1,81 1.24 0.9410.121
_l
50
22
11
3.1
47
43
26
30
10
11
6
6
3.1
3.1
.,
__
45 I28I1OI
613.1
112
13349
19.90 6.51
3.31
63.75 2.74
1.89
2.09
0.81
0.18
54
16
12
u-94
5645
19.48 6.99
2,69
62.01 4.50
1.69
1.48
1.86
...
49
19
14
10
8
1.1
2.9
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
151
TABLE T.RESULTS
OF AUTOCLAVE AND LENGTH CHANGE TESTS OF 418 COMMERCIAL PORTLAND

CEMENTfiSERIES
263
CEMENTS ARRANGED IN ORDER OF EXPANSION IN WATER AT 15 YEARS
Autoclave expansion determined in accordance with AS~~f C15~ (3 hours at maximum temperature of 420F. ).
Length cha~ge measurements were made O! 1 ~ 1 x 11%-1?. neat c,ernent bars OfAST~ normal consistency. After 24 hours
in molds in moist alrthebarswerestoredinalrd SWO relatwe humld]tyand70F.,Orm waterat 70F., or outdoors protected
from rain and snow.
All cements sound when tested in accordance with ASTM Pat Test. C189. See Tables R, S, and U. z
Ii
\:;::; I
Ref. ; Lot Ex- I
NTO. I No. , Dan- I
Expansion or ContractionPer
Cent
l_l
387
U-:8
2y.
4y.
loy.
.206
.216
.156
.216*
.195*
.200
.211
.159
,219
.190
.216
.234
.188
.241
.194
.204
.276
.244*
.235
.273
,208*
.287
.255
.241
.287
.223
.320
.259
.268
.317
.293
.253*
.200
.250
.223*
.285
.257
.194
.243
.212
.222
.250
.302
.250
.228
.227*
.257*
.320
.250
.236*
.186
.191 .214
.192 ,278
.212 .276
.215 .254
.195*
.214*
.240
.271
.241
.02.5.1941.210
~139921.171i.163 .204
,14391!- .009j.1321 .162

! 5539~-. Oloi.l7O! .204
U-38 ~ 55791 .134}.~671 .196
1O-6
U-56 , jj~~l :~~~:;;: :;;;
U-48 1 55691 ,042 .171 .200
369 ,14364 ,001 217 .256
U-77 ] 5628 .072 .188 .220
U-63
U-25
114
U-19
0-3
.104
.042
.029
,014
.020
5584
5546
13351
5540
, 3780
.163
U-27
102 ,13291 .196
299 14082 - ,009
364
14359 .010
:;3
~l:j~~~
Average
High Value
Low Value
279
u-9
0-9
0-63
0-1
.174
.232
.222
.230
.201
::::1 .053.152
0. j
.098].200 .275
.108I.216 .244
.0531.193 .236
.196 .232 .302
,010 .132 .162
Stored Outdoors ()
2y. 4y.
loy.
.227
lX51~j
1,000:0$4
,,.
.205
.0311 .053
.260
.020 .0S5
.211 ).002.035
;4~ ~
:056:071
.068 .080
.071! .084
.054,,056
.092
.096
.099
,101
,097
15y,
,095
,101
,102
,106
,107
.240
.332
.282
.278
.
.011 .050
.024 .063
.020,.058
.018 .052
. 020; .062
.0631 .084
.079; .092
.075 .088
.071 .089
.071 094
.102
.107
.104
.111
.112
,109
,110
.110
.112
,113
,303
.271
,202
.263
.222
.313
.292
.216
.
.240
.003,.040
~.0161 .060
.023 .073
.012 ,057
1.020 .062
.059 .079
.080 .094
,081 ,094
.070 .093
.077 ,092
.106
.107
,111
.114
.114
.115
.115
.118
.119
.120
.228
.259
.338*
.255
.232
.239
.272
.369
.282
.258
.256
.289
,.014 .052 .072 .081

.022 .068 .082 .097
Disc.
.315
,266
.200
,203
.221
.280
.239
.229
.216
.243
.314
.2S5
.2381
,236
.253
,..
,..
.279 .296
.251* .269
.
.238
.240
.320
.338
.156
.159
.318
.298
.260
.369
.188
.018 ,057 .075 .091

.j20 ~.032 .072 .088 .102
_,
.
.
.263 ~.017 .057 ,073 ,090
,332 .032 .073 .096 .107
.205 .000 .035 .054 .071
15y.
128d, ly.
.111
.114
.015 .060 .080 .104 .122
.030 .073 .096 .107 .117
.019 .058 .078 ,097 .120
.120
.121
.122
.124
.124
.120
.116
.120
.123
.120
,124
.124
.124
.125
.125
.029 .063 .078

:.010 .050 .066
1.002 .042 .064
~.025 .O(jb.079
.014 .067 .076
.024
.023
.020
.020
.021
.062
.069
.058
.062
.058
.101
.082
.088
, lo~
.096
.187
.094
.087
,033
F.002
.080
.038
.110
.071
.107
.056
,211
.232
.229*
.278
.240
.147
.244
.220
.282
.254
.155
.278
.243
.302
.290
.191
.310
.264 ,.029 .067 .084 .100 .122 128

.127 .129
:g6 :%
.125 .131
312 ~;[~ :$$
.123 ,131
.3i6 1.022 :064 :078 :099 ,12s ,131
.350
.210
.319
.254
,237
. 127(
.122
.126
.128
.127
.131
.131
.133
.133
.133
0-51
0-53
0-101
o-22
0-17
3893
3895
;O&
.025
.063
.112
.143
.014
.225
.190
,198
.195
.187
.265
.241
.260
. 286*
.215
.266
.247
.263
.299
.204
,30.5
.277
,292
.330
.22.5
.134
.130
.148
.133
.130
.134
.134
.135
.135
.136
U-105
U-65
U-28
o-2
0-86 ,
5781
5586
:;:;
.270
.270
.234*
.229
.256
.242*
.267
.226
.221
.257
.256
.281
.240
.241
,278
.277 .022 .070 .090 .112 .130

.299 .045 .083 .099 .117 .134
.259 .028,.071 .092 .110 .130
.249 .020(.065 .082 .105 .133
.287 .0361.077 .094 .118 .136
.265
,251*
.263*
. 244*
.274
.276
,248
.252
.218
.268
.302
.268
.268
.228
.269
.315 ,033.071
.
.015 .067
.285 .036 .082
.246 \.017~.069
.170
.084
.126
.126
,126
.127
.128
.206
.286
.232
.224
* Cracked.
a Estimated.
.165
.028
.224
.267
.2-M
.140
.265
.090. 114
.080.096
.099 .122
.090 .117
.160
.124
.123
.120
.123
.122
~98 .198
.046 .2;2
.0041.228
.007 .128
.014 .219
.250
.244
.266
.230
.282
,103
.144
.191
,103
,..
.296
.250
.288
.289
) 38401-.0081.1871
.051 .200
il~;~~] .090 .248
.034
.2011
5652,
~ 3832 .043,.2431
.121
.145
.173
,121
.307
.221
.287
.234
.214*
0-25
214
U-3
U-101
0-20
.093
.129
.168
.093
.3171 .306
.193 217
.242 .284
.216 .244
.164 .206
3995
.034
.104
.166
. 03+
.289
.280
,242
.274
.278
.0241
.224 .2S6
.079,.224 .264
086.205 .232
.128.205 .231
.216:,215 .250
.137
T
.116
.123 .125
.092 .095
.033
.049
.014
.052
.058
3825
.135
.123 .125
.120 .125
.257
.273
.220
,247
.257
.265
.234
.246
.268
.223
.123
i 15y.
.116
.191
!14831~
; 5639
14183 14365
3810
416
u-88
323
370
0-8
.116
4y.
.;
.128
.173
.253
.28S
.224*
.238*
.264
.092
.108
.098
.096
.095
2y.
.097
,168
.239
.283
.221
.223
.263
.076
.089
.074
.077
.074
ly.
,043
.166
.208
.260
.188
.181
.230
.013
.048
.165
.094
.044
14062
\5530
~ 3811
, 3912
~ 3750
In Water (+)
i..
.:
U-4 ; 5523!
239
In Air ()
.135
.134
.139
.132
.138
i-0301.074 .09s1.116
.
.189
.152
.074
,227
.202
.153
.168
.158
,193
.177
.112
.122
.122
.:;;
.138
.138
.139
.140
.140
.140
.141
.141
EL F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T. M. WHITESIDE
152
TABLE T. CO~}f@d
Expansion or ContractionPer Cent
!Auto-
Iclave I
Lot. I Ex- /
No. pansion
70 28d.
.
,
U-12 ;g~ji .026 .193

.057 .246
u-24
40s 14556 .087 .179
368 14363 .092,.216
0-102 4052 .064;.245
~$
In Air ()
lye
2y.
4y,
In Water (+)
loy.
lsy.
.230
.297
.260
.232
.287
.225
.302
,280
,226
.287
.238
.321
.322
.239
.324
.254
,340
.339
.
.342
356 14336 .060:.2481 .269

U-66 5587; .321.2021 .226
140271 .03;! .188 .197
258
14014 .039~.204~ .222
245
0-64 I 3913; .1031.190~ .254
.266*
.231*
.194
.226
.268*
.272
.219
.205
.225
.282
.279
.226
.2z3
.252
.313
.244
..
.240
.349
.274
.340
.263
Iroke
.372
.292
.370
.263
.325
0-15
0-38
324
396
358
1 3823: .036!.190;
I 3876: .049,.2771
114184~ .068.240
114501~
~143381 :;ti~ :i:il
.235
.333
.266*
:;t:
.241*
,342*
.268
.331
.268
235
109
289
U-21
u-86
~139i7
~13346i
~140721
: 5542
563;
.224
.364
.231
.242
.280
.222
.363*
.231
.246
.289
.222
,378
.233
.250
.284*
.239
.407
.247
.261
.302
.243
.185
,230
.206$
.287
.248
.185
.233*
.193
.290
.274
.199
.256
.206
.318
. 29S
.270
.305
.267
.343
.267
.287
.249
.378
.155
.2?7
.407
.191
.289
.385
.221
lJOi7~-.Oll .205 .247

294
140161 .061 .175 .183
249
300 140831.036.175 .2.36
U-89 5640 .052~.174.200
.223 .276
0-16 38241 .053/
,,
.244 .297
:3
I 3940! .100~
55231 .2821.267 .275
.kverage i .OiO~.214 .251
.385
.384
,..
Disc.
,282
,326
..
..
.221
.328
.357
.3361 .317
~.0141 .128
.364
.l~o
.254
.363
.147
5823 .0341.180
3552
.220
.242*
.222
.242
.260
U-67 55881 .000i .214
.240
.185
.246*
.178
.258*
.236
.
.251
.254
.209
.286
.280
U-117I 5909 .036.238 .264

;;;2 I 38191-.016,.226
.254
1140631
.043(
.214 .240
231 113973:.0511
.181 .216
U-37 ~55581.229.239 .275
.278*
.256
.244
.207
.279*
.247
.237
.212
.218
.260
.259
.228
.228
.296
,282
266
Disc.
.
!314
.047 1.182
113975 .049 .218
i 14073
.049 .191
.148 .190
Iii::;
-.008 .214
.208
.242
.230
.210
.266
71~
.244
.228
.209*
.273
.218
.250
.228
.198
.280
.237
.268
.248
.206
.314
High Value
Low Value
::;;3
271
0-S2
275
233
290
?-35
2,4
.0101
.269Broken
14054/
; 389+
.267 .167
.010 .220
~14058~
2y.
.220
.284
.251
.243
.290
.019!.2oo
.0431.267
.o.1.5I.197
.336;.228
.0181.232
!8d. ly.
.263
277
.307
012.062
035.080
,029,077
,olo~.066
4y.
.082~.101
!102 .115
.099 ,127
.082 .108
023i.064 1.0841.108
030.078 .0951
.112
032.080 .0981
.119
,024.063.078 097
1
,023:.(370,080.108
,031.078.0951.114
Stored Outdoors ()
loy. ~ lsy.
.
,133
142
142
,134
>136 142
,136 ,142
143
,141
.184
.178
.198
.0,31
.013
.076
.057
.100
.079
,101
.069
.200
.227*
.166
!210
.204
,168
.172*
. .
. 170*
.195
.210
.185
.073
,103
.097
.039
.094
. 100*
.096
.092 .124 .148

.099 ,119 . 142a
.088 .116 .146
.098 .119 ,142
.094 ,116 .144
.150
.150
.150
.150
.150
,033
.014
.040
.090
.054
.090
.119
,080
.113*
.109
.064
.096
.028 .078
,028 .087
.023 .072
.036 .080
.018!.070
.039 .087 .102 .122

,026 .080 .098 .122
,
.
.(J~5,();] .IJgg.Il(l
.045 .087 .106 ,131
,010 .058 .074 092
.028
.037
.032
.040
,030
.068
.085
.082
.080
.0s0
.080
.107
.103
.092
.101
.145
.143
.150
.150
.135
,148
.120
.140
.150
,126
.104 .144
,126 . 148*
.121 ,145
. . .147
,123 ,149
.151
.152
,152
.1s2
.153
.
.095
.227
t.oo2
.124
.232
.038
,123
.178
.071
.134
.227
.056
.018
.075
.077
.076
.031
.023
.082
.063
.090$
.094
.065
.065
.021
.018
.031
.080
.053
.083
.086
.083
. 086*
.081
.076
.091
.033
.094
.102
.102
.007
.056
.084
.062
143
143
152
,146
144
153
154
154
154
154
...
. .
.,.
,224
...
150
144
150
147
152
155
155
155
156
157
149
154
150
156
148
157
159
159
161
161
157
148
154
157
159
161
161
162
162
163
.035
.021
.018
.089
.057
.052
.098
.085*
roken
097
.078
.043
.092
.120
.105
164
164
164
164
165
,053
.015
.014
.083
.054
.057
.096* I
.081* I
.071*i
.081
.072
.072
-.041
.057
.088
.068
0211.068 .090 .110

Ozj ,068 ,089 .112
029/.071 .092 .115
025.076 .093 .108
034.080 .102 .120
.286
.285
.234
.249
.289
.300
.317
.256
,286
.316
,320
...
.272
,298
,338
291
234
230
0-47
301
14074
13976
13972
3888
14084
.043
048
.048
.118
.041
.200
.212
.228
.175
.175
.239
.236
.278
.210
.259
.247
.232
.270
.211*
.252
,251
.235
.279
.214
.257
.272
.256
.287
.242
.278
...
,..
..
s256
..
.285
,251
.167
.289*
.380
.267
.259
.185
.288
.365
.286
.266
.195
.316
.396
.,.
,327
.421
,158
,158
,156
,162
,155
.268
.254*
.261*
.273*
.260
.264*
.252
,261
.276
.287
.296
.267
.270
.301
.302
...
.286
.286
.313
,162 !.166
,161a,.166(
,160 !.166
,156 .166
,160 i.167
.172
.033
.295*
.277*
.237*
.236*
.285*
062.2251
.250
u-7
U-68 1:;::1 .073~
.2201.256
0-78 3945 .070i
.220,.261
,,
.165
,148
,148
.148
,149
,149
.288
.269
.223
.228
.273
::i.:
.::.267
. 153*
.136
.142
.143
. 143a
.141
.105
.109
.115
.112
.121
.250
.257
.194
.182
227
.059,:246 , :260
.146
,015 .064 .078

.0121.060 .081
.0251.074 .092
,o~~l.069 .092
,0281.078 .096
.076
.059
.078
.014
.026
i14?22i
.146
.146
146
,147
,147
,148
5629
3889
~ 5559
~q
,o~6, ,077 .094 ,118 ,140

,0321,075 .101 .121 ,141
o~6!,079 .100 .121 ,140
,037!.080 .106 .131 .144
,018.076 .093 ,115 ,140
p~
2;3
4y.
15y.
______
144
,144
145
,145
,145
255
U-78
0-48
U-38
:-::
2y ,
,138
,138
,139
.137
,140
U 76
227 ~,39691.0451.2?5.273
:;
1139741:~~i.~~~ .;;:
i14026]
O-37 ! 38751 .178:243 :290
ly.
,..
0281.078
022~.075
027].081
0301.080
023.074
.097
.094
.096
.103
.091
.119
.120
.116
.130
.117
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
153
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE T.-Continued
Expansionor ContractionPer
Cent
lAuto- ~
R&
Lot
I clave !
Ex-
ho.
sion
% 28d.1 Iy.
ll
1I
2y.
4y.
loy.
lsy.
Stored Outdoors ()
loy.
lsy.
2y.
.
4y.
.078
090
.077
.083
.087
.102
111
.099
.104
.104
.123
.133
.128
.129
.128
154
159
155
159
160
,167
167
,168
,168
,168
!8d. ly.
Iy.
2y.
4y.
.
I ljy.
,256
.224
.273
.261
.227
243
216
253
267
232*
.259
.240
.276
.294
.257
276
262
,300
305
268
022
030
030
027
035
.361
.278
, 343*
.333
.244*
364
,2s2
337
331
240
.383
.268
.3s7
.345
.267
...
...
381
366
,279
029 .0901.111 .143

041 .094 ,105 .125
038 .088 .108 .132
027 .081 .106 .124
031 .089 .109 .136
163
159
157
154
166
,168
,168
,168
,169
,170
.204
.034
.204
,084
.2OOi .224
.083 .077
13968 .050~
.213 .260
226
14337 0881.232.260
357
5560 .090.215 .247
u-39
.249 .281
o-1oo 40*8 .2741
.225! .270
3905 .078~
0-60
14020
251
0791
1901213
13964 .039 .216 .279
222
13962 .058 .185 .235
220
3790 .276 .217 .257
0-7
5565 .018,.228 .250
U-44
.122 .238I .325
13278
89
, 268*
.250
.252*
.279*
.273*
.206
260
,242
244
272
273
,212
,267
.268
.256
.304
.301
.229
...
,.,
,276
,323
,311
...
030.084.102.132
039.102.144.130
022.080.102.127
039.087.112.135
028.084.103.130
015.079.098.124
164
166
162
164
159
166
.170
,170
.170
.170
.171
.171
.056
.150
.087
.164
.102*I .076
.141 .167
.627
.076
.095*] .080
.268*
.243*
.256
.255
.338
,288
,249
,256
,242
>347
.290
.280
,285
.257
.372
...
..
,299
,283
...
030.082.100,119
029.086.103,118
042.095.11s.1$3
023.090.109,139
034.085.115,144
162
165
167
165
169
.172
.172
.172
,173
.173
.053
.058
,084
.091
.093*/ 092
.092* .100
259
U-47
406
349
0-4
14028 .015 .200 .221

5568 .055 .185 .230
14552 .056 .186 .227*
14329 ,0921.235 .257
3782 .2791.205 e226
.220
.240
.216
.247*
.223*
,229
,239
,216
,245
,210
,270
.268
.242
.254
.231
...
,291
.257
..
,238
027.077.093.120 166 .174

030,.090:.105
.129 162 .174
.032
.082
N:tiil;;g
;:; 166 .174
0391.097/:116
:142 168 .174
165 .174
.158
.,.
.152
.147
0-43
254
U-80
3883
14023
5631
.211*
.318
.204
,220
,323
,190
.250
.357
.192
,261
,,.
,205
162 .175
169 .175
162 .175
.013
U-118
u-a 1
U-102
0-61
0-73
5910
5632
5722
3906
3939
372
213
U-92
u-93
0-70
14382
13949
5643
5644
3934
.0961 .301
.1051 .205 !
.304 .297
.216 .292
.033~.211
.359
.248
.335
.328
.242
.046 .166 .203

. 0s91.290 .310
.1511.189 .203
-l
Average
High Value
Low Value
In lVater (+)
In Air ()
pan- I
.0821,217 .253
.3041.309 .360
-.0161.166 .175
.256
,380
,167
,255
.36.3
s185
.275
.396
,192
.292
.421
.205
.031.0831
.103.126 157 .164
,046,102I.122.146 169 .175
#o15.068.080.104 143 .151
,2S6
.198
.380
.240
.338
.272
...
.387*
...
,,.
,029.091.107.136
,029.091.113.138
.021.080.108.137
.028.078.098.122
I 5799
114180
13367
14061
14272
.0401.214
.071 .182
.181 .247
.029 .211
.119 .296
.250
.202
.330
.234
.322
.266
,193
.336
.230
.316
.244
,187
,354
.230
.321
224
244
0-67
0-49
285
13966
14009
3931
3890
,114068
.052
.053
.084
.132
.052
.286
.257
.400
.237
.198
.294
.257
,424
.235
.187
roke]
,262
.439
.227
.184
.292
.465
.251
, 1s
...
.473
.263
.,.
.213
. 2s0
,190
,335
,256
...
.
.,,
.358
.273
0271087/109 138
.0351.096!.116 .141
.0401.098.118 .144
,032 .0921.114 .145
.030 .091[.120 .146
.038 .093 ,118 .146
04211011123
142
,025
.028
.052
.034
.O84I.1O5,122
.083~.099 .136
.108:.123 ,145
.0881.114 .140
166
166
172
171
,171
.176
.176
.176
.177
.177
,168
>168
,173
,171
,172
.128
.0891 .069
,182 .174
.1790
.179
179
.179
.180
,053
.020
.085
.059
.096 .080
,089 .085
.019
.071
.072
,174
,176
,172
,175
.172
.180
.180
.181
.182
.182
.144
;Io;
.152
.063
153
.115 .136
.090 .063
.117* ,131
.191
.183
..,
.187
.062
.024
.093
.079
.0928
.082*
.101
.077
}.001
.042
.079
.058
.160
.037
.171
.073
.153* .182
.087 .064
.152
.168
.1721 .162
.009
.071
.074
.211
.223
.181
.317
.265
.193
.210
.175
.310
.228
171
u-55
u-59
219
288
13494
5576
5580
13961
14071
.076
.102
.144
.071
.079
.310
.205
.268
,294
.192
.3S2
.234
.300
.354
.222
.362
.22s
.303
.359*
.214
.362
.211
.298
.349
.212
.395
.212
.311
,390
.225
,..
.229
.331
,..
...
.015
.021
.036
.028
.032
.174
.169
.176
,176
,177
,182
.182
.183
.184
.184
229
;::5
13971
3885
5527
14354
:13970
.089 .243
.141 .209
.147 .287
.369 .335
.083;.237
.301
.250
.301
.374
.288
.303*
.256
.293*
.38?
.300
.323
.260
.279
.389
.286
.346
.291
.288
.406
.316
...
.304
.305
...
,..
.045 .107.124.156 ,178

.035.093.116.145 ,175
.028.092.118.150 ,177
.0631.1281.148
.163 .182
.178
.184
,184
.184
.184
.185
3820iI
1X389
I14333
113343
~14069!
.1481287
.070 ::196
.076 .180
.084 .256
.089 .205
,143.274
.104~.213
,338
.287
.192
.350
.226
.314
.262
J;:*
~ .338
.322*
.173
, .353
,224*
.297
.270
.366
,361
.175
.373
.240
,322
.310
.380
...
. ..
.391
...
,338
,330
.036!.0851.1121.137
.0331.090.117 .147
.0371.104.124 .145
,0241.088,119 .152
040.100.121 .146
034.090 .114;.140
033;.0901.115,.146
~~::gl
, iii
.3SS
,z~~
.306
.260
.102 ! .096
.200
.224
.071
.062
.080
.178
.0681.204
.070 .200
.067 .165
0261.264
.0741.198
0-13
137
353
107
286
:~;7
.166
114126
14080
14186
3953
14500
.133
.133
,135
.134
.143
.092*i .070
.062
.
.087
.204
.052
.026
.177
311
297
326
0-80
395
.080 .110
.0911.117
.090,.111
.090 .113
.094 .118
.043
.204
-.041
,0991 .108
.163
.4..LYI
.211
.172
.306
.232
347
228
,1
U-109
320
127
278
342
.237
.218
.322
.199
.182
I
I
040[1061129
157
.175 .185
.180 ,186
.181 .186
.180 .186
178 .186
180 .186
173 ,186
II
,140
.062
.063
154
H, F. GONNERMAN, W. LERCH AND T, M. WHITESIDE

TABLE T.-Coutinued
:;f .
1- ~p:~
Expansion or ContractionPer Cent
Expansion
% 28d. iy.
.
,,
.0841.20S~
.227
287 11~~{~~
.088 .280 .313
U-14
3935I .094 .201 .256
0-71
4009, .020.232 .267
0-93
14021 ,053i.302 .322
252
319
125
U-17
118
318
Lot
No.
14179/
13365;
55381
13356
13488
3901
14182
13493
Average
High Value
Low Value
o-66
0-14
0-35
u-97
u-52
3928
3821
3873
I 5648
5573
394
u-53
0-89
122
U-91
14499
5574
4001
13362
5642
186
U-26
273
0-27
397
13827
5547
14056
3842
14502
355
114335
&
281
O-92
};08
0-29
350
U-5
Ilj:::
4y.
loyc
15y.
.220
,319
.279
.253
.333
.239
.339
.302
.283
.35S
.360
.313
.304
.3oj
.312
. 248*
.332*
.232
.301*
.320
.242
.341
.246
.314
,334
.256
.36.!
.258
.0411.097~ 13? 163

.075W
147i.;:; .;:;
.339
.272 1.039.098:126:144 1:176 :190
.375 1.0331.090;.118 0148 ~.189 ,.190
1.030i,0981.1~3,.153 i.182 ,.190
.226*
.244
.403
.270
.265
.222
.232
.424
.263
.?71
.243
.243
.451
289
.288
.263
.274
,459
.039~.102~ .128 .150 1.180.190

,040:.1011.129.150
:.177 .190
.038! .090i .120 .154 1.184 .190
.041 .1031 .130.156
.183 .191
.293
.021 .0901.115 .150 II.184 1.191
.283*
.247*
.200
.318
.327
.2.57
.232
.197
341
.349
.284
.236
,208
!370
,391
.312
.252
.043.lo4i.l3o .157 .177 .191

,0311
.092~.117
.140 .173 ,192
.031100921
.116.150 .180 .192
.036;.100:.122.151 .185 .192
~.043~.104i
.129.1561.1871.192
.188
.327*
.178
.469
.270
.182
.336
.173
.478
.2768
.193
.368
,185
,510
.305
.205
.289*
.274
.223
.277
.203
.286
.270
.222
,274
.214
.315
.286
.241
.292
.315
.241*
.264
.241*
.298
.232
.256
.233
.32z
.264
.273
.253
.099 .236 .276

.369 .362 .448
.006 .165, .181
.276
.469
.175
.275
.478
.172
.296
.465
.175
.076 .2371
.294,.270,
.150 .230]
.100 .2221
.170 .220
.286
.322
-31*
.255
.230
.292*
.314*
.334
. 258*
.218
.298
.313
.349
.250
.201
.331
.349
.374
.275
3roker
.345
.362
.382
.296
.442
.250
.254
.380
.250
.422
.244*
.251*
.392
.250*
.435
.223
.238
.419
.240
.460
.232
.262
.,457
.251
.478
.252
,282
.392
.252
.214
.367
.349
.408
.250*
.212
.372
.3$1
.424
.239
.212*
.372
.350
.452
.254
.228
.407
.385
.1821 .2691 .306

.186.2501 .300
.304*
.310
.401*
.262
.268*
.310
.314*
.408
. 26tl
.271
.336
.339
.438
.276
.300
.454
.333
.288
.233*
.233
.238*
.303
.285
.220
.228
.220
.32S
.301
.244
.247
,220
.345
..
.253
.
.228
.106~.2801
.108; .238I
.006; .238!
.052~.2351
.305
.320
.258
.325
.078 192.214
.194!:247! .290
.097!.265i .282*
,123;.206 .223
.085~.273;,, .287*
.1491.2471
.1221.222!
.0711.250~
.0621.207i
_!
.163
.132
.076
.144
.!57
.414
.062
.084
.109
.180i
.341
.214
.219
.282
.221
.3201
.230
.195
.319,
.274i
.288
.251
.272*
.238
14064]
I, 40081
:;i;~ :;;;
:;ti
.1391 .221~ .265
! 57~8~
.302 .307
,4o7.287
.050.213
\14330 .123.223
5526! .2881
.245
ll%;
StoredOutdoors
2y.
.221*
.319*
.270*
.264*
.328*
U-ill j~Ol~ .150~

.227.263
:$9
lii!!l :&:i,.178!
209 :;;:
13282 .112i.2231.303
93
298 14081,.115;
.250i.322
167
0-56
322
170
In Water (+)
.320
.295
.238
.243
.245
(-)
-1
41781 09212421 257*
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HYDRATION
lAuto- j
Ex. I
pansion _
% 128d.1 ly.
l1
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IJ-112 5818
stored Outdoors ()
;15Y.
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.232*
.226
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.190 193 .207
1
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WI
.055!.122!.1601.190
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15y.
277
352
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366
216
405
225
U-34
155
Cent
loy.
4y .
i3
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE T.-Continwed
--
2y.
U-30
351
348
205
0-19
0-88
EXPANSION
2.23
156
H. F,
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH AND T.
M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE T.<ontitwed
Auto- I
In Air ()
2y.
U-64 I 5585~ .412

f:
I;W;$; 2.901
.175
U-115 I 58251 .194
129 :13369[ .310
.327
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.221
.278
.249
.363
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.257
.313
.335
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In \Jater (+)
loy.
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...
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.324
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.380
.238
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.300
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.370
.297
.381
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.207
.292
Iroke:
.397
.291
.430
.238
.239
.320
Average / .310.247 .288

High ~alue 2.901~.373 .430
LOJVYalue
.0891
.071 .107
.290
. 44s
.134
.286
.459
.143
U-42 5563, .175!.363 .395

120 13358,.2251
.264 .340
329 lj;j;~ .288.347 .367
~-jo
.217 .279 .310
304 !14087;.244!
.120 .148
409 ~14570.333;
.312 .360
.282 .298
U-4(J~5561 .3301
327 14187 .231,.360.385*
U-I(J3 57791.143i.2oo .220
0-54
0-39
i 3899; .36~,.203 .228

3877 .150,.266 .310
:
II
Cent
lsy.
28d,l ly. I 2y. ] 4y.

lll
.422
...
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10Y. lsy.
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.228
.231
.230
.230
.240
.241
.242
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.312
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.232
.236
.233
.237
.236
.
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.497 .066.151.172.203 237
.180 .027.093.130.153 .211
.244
.244
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.247
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.368 .047
a398 .039
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.246
.239
.238
.236
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.251
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.414
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.334
.133
,130
.133
.130
.119
.168
.169
.170
.167
.152
.193
.206
.206
.199
.189
U-83
56341 .339 .332 .358
.399*
.341
.362
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0362
098
206
. U-32
236
U-16
I 4043~ .4441.281 .325

138781 .776,.290 .331
~l:jj~~ .164 .215 .230
.256..233 .242
.244
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,314
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.228*
.242
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.307
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.345
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,060 144.172,201
,.,
.262 ,052.130.162,190
,047.125.149,184
.284 046.123.161.201
.236
.242
.235
.237
.239
.252
,252
.253
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. 201*
.378*
.208
.272
.351
,202
.371
.190
.260
.313
.234
.384
.204
.290
.329
.255
.398
.221
,304
.352
,240
.248
.240
.240
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.254
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,256
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.370
.392
.287
.220
.184
.381
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,299
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050 .140
033 .112
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.689.378
.844.359
.180.292
.693.385
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044.138.173.212
,050.143.184,216
036 .120.157.197
050.135.166.198
,050.135.169].208
,250 ,262
.250 263
,245 263
,252 263
.250 264
,249 264
.248 264
,251 265
.250 265
,251 265
105
0-44
189
u-33
292
13338 .587 .277

3884~ .314 .347
[3830 .235 .257
55541 .192 .206
~.1075~ .2061.168
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U-90 5641
o-68 3932
t
268
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.174
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.207
.206
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.194
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U-45
U-73
U-120
U-85
3865
5566
5594
5913
5636
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.396 .258
.164 .287
.286 .255
.418 .337
.305
.272
.310
.278
.369
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.271*
.312
. 295*
.376*
.333
.257
.298
.276
.357
.362
.282
.316
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.375
.372
.304
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.318
,397
038 .117
050 .136
057 .133
050 .131
056 .141
.155
.167
.166
.169
.184
.200
.207
.205
.200
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0-34
393
367
U-46
238
3369
[4498
[4362
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.599.212
.315.174
.252.261
.263,.208
.256
.299
.158
.278
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.256
.125
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.258
.266
.278
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.261
.260
.291
.290
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.279
.300
.299
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...
.302
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047 .121
051 .136
.068 .160
042 .132
042 .131
.158
.174
.186
.163
.160
.196 ,252
.220 260
.220 259
.208 254
.198 253
124
0-32
u-95
0-103
313
13364
3866
5646
4164
14135
.791
.268
.226
.354
.818
.279
.197
.200
.360
.270
.350
.213
.248
.415
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.356
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.259
.417
.295
.373
.198
.267
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.305
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,300
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326
.400
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.469
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052 .130 .169 .211
u-43
U-87
3933 .912
5593 .374
3826 .200
5564 .668
5638 1.076
.370
.283
.223
.222
.230
.413
.318
.262
.228
.256
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.328*
.242
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.254*
,424
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.193
.231
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roken
.484
.361
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044 .131
053 .131
039 .124
045 .142
040 .129
207
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.382
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.365
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041 .128 .165 .200
.300
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z
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.338
.484
.212
()-69
::;;
5567
[3985
U-57 5578 .3101.217 .225

u-l
5522 1.359,.240 .250
Average
High Value
Low Value
.454 .269 .302

1.359 .385 .416
.100 .168 .158
034
056
050
052
!110
.130
.137
.130
269
270
27o
271
271
.171 .206 259

.167 .203 252
.161 .198 256
.172.214 257
.167,.200 252
272
272
273
273
273
.192
.207
.212
.214
263
254
258
E Z
EiE
048 .131 .1661.203 z
068 .169 .193.224 263
030 .110 .147 .184 235
8,!
266
268a
268
269
269
,261
253
,253
259
260
.147
.168
.176
.171
ly.
2y.
4y.
.02[
.19;
. 07[
.18(
,098
.182
.074
.181
.211
. 22!
.192
,216
.111
.114
.228
.192
k. 03( +.070
.109
.216
t.053
, 08(
.21/
k. oat
,20(
My.
.207
.172
.023
3rcke
.006
.062
,059
.046
.180
.107
.156
.085
...
.076
.139
.063
.035
.062
...
.058
.085
.200
-.016
.099
.207
.023
.102
.1?2
.059
.100
.195
.046
F.olf
,195
274
275
275
z
275
251
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
157
TABLE T.ContimMd
g:.
Autoclave
Lot
No.
Ex-
pansion
% 2~d.
,
.
303 l;g:$
.835/ .300
0-24
,673 .330
136
13385 .733 .216
U-41
5562 1.405 .199
0-76
3942 .222 .208
2y.
4y.
loy.
.407
.383
.280
.210
.251
.425
.385*
.267
J;:
.447
.386
.263*
.169
,254
,307
.455
.265
.275
.430
0-62
3907 1.066 .340 .377
0-42
3880 .496 ,229 .251
185
.614 . . . .268*
U-82 il;%!
.398 .358 .420
266 j14037 .524 .340 .373*
fi-&
lsy.
.040
.240
.071
.214
. 080*
...
.044
.208
,298
,299
,300
.300
.034
.083
.072 lroken
.049.138.178.218 K
z
.075.165.199.235 .290 .300
.184 1.030.117.160.203 .257 .276
.105
.240
.034
.123
.214
.071
.076
.080
.072
.126
.208
.044
.002
.064
...
.030
.133
.128
.119*
.122
.012
.038
.070
,067
. 094*
.055
a:
.082
.128
.064
.095
.119
.071
.062
.112
.030
.316
.474
,263
.265
.433
,339
.507
.288
.276
.479
.352 .049,133.163.206 .266

.070.150.182.220 .270
.307 .048.141.184.218 .263
.299 .045.133.178.217 .264
.501 .051.143.188.220 .269
.281
,281
,282
,282
,283
.369*
.245*
.287
.438
.374
.365
.236
.271
.434
,380
.402
.257
.291
.460
,439
.424
.270
,,.
.484
.
.283
,285
,286
,286
,287
.281*
.326
.337
.322
.285
.277
.331
.343
.302
.278
,288
.353
.320 .044.141.182.218 .268

.361 .033.117.161.207 ,273
.038.12.5
.170.223 .278
.353 .068.150.190,229 .275
,330 .041.137.182.225 ,278
,287
,287
,288
,289
,295
.328
.418
...
.352
.215
.305*
.427
,.,
.370
.190
.322
.457
.
.410
.194
.346
.
...
..
,219
,274
.281
.285
.286
.275
.294
,295
t296
,296
,298
305*
.357
.219
.388
.294
.392
.233
,429
.328
.055.165.190.235
.038.131.165.217
.070,151.190.224
.353 ,037.130.177.221
,287
.280
.290
.278
=
,455
.199
x
.474
.169
.347
.507
.165
Xl
.250
.454
.210
.23S
.289
.353
.237*
.465
. 206*
.236*
.278*
.346
,220
.491
.189
.227
.264
.350
.246
.517
.211
.252
.292
,383
.267
..
.217
.306
.
.325
.259
,417
.215
.390
.322*
.260
.414*
.204*
.404*
.303
.263
.405
.188
.415
.324
.282
.441
.210
.446
.352
,..
.464
,214
.456
.043
.052
.057
.043
.061
.135
.147
.151
.128
.157
.184
.186
.201
.172
,195
169 13492 .854 .255 .299

u-99 ~::;l .186 .271 .280
302
.246 .290 .361
217 13959 .313 .318 .377
U-n 5532 .S60 .338 .340
.304
.266*
.344*
.378
.333*
.303
.240
.349
J];
.329
.246
.388
.410
.335
...
.263
.
.358
.043
.043
.073
.052
.049
.14.5 ,190
,140 .182
.153 ,196
.155 .194
.150,.195
U-122 5948 .182 ,256 .275

0-28
3847 .89S .274 .291
92
13281 2.690 .298 .380
l
ll
.286*
;:;:*
.241
.260
.408
.254
.283
.437
,281
.297
...
.030 .128 .172 .211 .292 .324

.053 .146 .192 .241 ,309 .325
.058 .152 .203 .258 .310 .325
.314
.465
.204
.306
.491
.188
.331
.517
.210
.316
.464
.214
.0s41.149!.191 .233
.075 .17.5.206 .258
.030 .125.171 .211
.311
.325
.301
.240
; ;~;
,211
. 1S5
.252
.399
.276
.398
...
.364
.281*
.398*
,206
.150
.249
.376
.258
.405
...
.262
,417
.295
.396*
.055 .1541.192 .242

,078.186,.224 .2821
.070,.180 .229 .282
.064!.159 .210,.264
.066j.181 .228.284
.064i.163,.220[ .272
.334
,344 1-.O46 -.007
.344
.358
.362
.379
.284
.398
.166
274
.40s
.150
282
.399
.155
4038 .222.216 .284

14041
5531
:;;:
u-75
221
412
261
U-50
1.459
1.412
.318
.406!
.716
.991
.785
.202
.290
.398
.241
.263
.3801
.262
.246
.264
.275
.257
. 44s
.260
.280
.432
.28o
.330
.352
.310
.290
55962.001.313 .328
13963 .250.329 .403
14736 .205 . .. . ..
14032 .650.322 .348
5571 .570.217 .237
;::
~1~
.257
R
Ika1::%
264 ,14035 .553:337 :367* .366
.358*
o-94
4034 .699.280 .310

.
Average
.7081.282 .324
High Value
2.001.398 .445
Low Value
.202 .199 .210
;;;6
3887 .6451.231
14034 .836 .399
13633 .258!.210
13634 .2641.216
3878 1.051.263
14076 .246 .310
174
175
0-40
293
$:8
564!3 .723
14274 .775
0-81 3954 .469
0-23 3838 .594
0-58 3903 .644
.299
.22.7
,379
.193
.312
.;
1
4y.
,480
,420
.232
.165
.276
I 55291
113384
130 113370
U-114 ;:;;
0-41
2y8
lsy.
276
276
,277
.278
.280
u-lo
U-29
0-50
iy.
15y. 28d. lY. ~2y. 1 4y. loy,
. . . .057 .148.183/.215
.268
.437 ,046.131.175,.214,263
.238 .030.125
.168 .. . ,271
,18+ ,042.122.161.203 ,257
.288 .044.122.160.204 .258
270
Stored Outdoors (-)
In Water (+)
lY.
0-95
In Air ()
Cent
201
250
112
144
u-94
138
.202
.508
5.140
2.031
8.168
.498
.210
.208
.210,
.280
.267
.350
.23.5
.178
.270
.358
,289
,410
roken
.332
.311
Low
Value
2.758 .2S41 .29o

8.168 .3s0 .410
.202 .208~ .178
* Cracked.
a Estimated value.
.039
.048
.062
.075
.040
.137
.138
.160
.156
.136
.176
.174
.199
.196
.175
.223
.209
...
.233
.222
...
...
-1
lll
Average
High Value
.038.133.174.217 .268
.046.130.171.213 ,266
.070.150.185.216 .274
.034.130.173.209 ,265
.070.143.189.224 .279
.342
.417
.262
I_;
__
,284
.291
.289
.290
,267
.298
,301
,301
.302
.302
,306
,307
.221
.221
.246
.219
.240
.292
.292
,294
.290
.295
.308
.308
,310
.310
,310
.235
.233
.23S
.231
.242
.295
.290
.302
.305
.302
.310
.311
,312
.320
.322
,066.1701.217.271
:~?~:?~$b:
.336 .354
.3s9 .379
.314 .334
.002
.071 .053
.013 t-.O38
LA.A , UVA. LIU...A.>..
158
> WV. au..-..
----
- . -,-.
., ..-.4
---
TABLE U.SUMMARY OF OXIDE ANALYSES AND CALCULATED POTENTIAL COMPOUND

COMPOSITIONS OF 418 COMMERCIAL PORTLAND CEMENTS-SERIES
263
Chemical analyses made by the Research Laboratories of the Portland Cement Association or a member company
during the period 1934-1938in accordance with appropriate ASTM Standard Methods.
All cements passed the ASTM pat test for soundness.
,
Cements are arranged in order of increasing expansion during 15years in water at 70F. to 8005?.
See Tables R, S and T.
~ Exp.
~ durnrg
Comp~und Composltlons-vo
Oxide AnalysesYO
Lot 15yr. Autoclave

Ref. No. No.
! in
~N&oer, :xP. ? %
11
SiO! AIzOa,FejOs
CaO
MgO
,, i .
I
il
u-4
239
387
U-18
U-58
5525\ .095
139921.102
14391 .102
5539; .106
5579; .107
.171
-,009
.010 22.14 5.27
.134 20.421 6.02
U-loi
O-65
U-60
$-;6
5597~ .109
3914 .110
55811 .110
38741 .112
14078! .113
-.006
.016
.006
.003
.025
22.5614.37
21.76! 3,86
22.16 4.65
22.22 5.58
22.50, 4.85
O-6
U-56
U-48
369
U-77
37891 .115
55771 .115
55691 .118
14364, .119
5628 .120
.120
.021
.042
-.001
.072
21.151 5.98
20.20 4.34
20.66 6.32
U-63
::5
I .120
S584
55461 .121
13351
I .122
5540; .124
3780! .124
.025
20.40 6.03 I 3.27
64.84 0.70
2.15 1 65.55 1.15

2.45 i 66.501 0.73
2.14
5.54
3.76
66.92 1.08
64.29 1.12
64.29 1.31
~o analysis made
FO analysis : ~de
1.49 i 0.88 1.83
2.02 0.93 1.41
1.67 ! 0.88
1.64
0.82
1.93
1.07
1.35
0$90
1.681
,..
1.03
0.78
0.82 0.90
1.77
1.28
1.39
1.70
1,11
1.37
0.87
21.00
5.91
1.90 1 0.63 1.01

ATOan ysis made
3.23 , 64.791 1.21 , 1.75 0.94 , 1.73
.104
.042
.029
.014
.020
22.86
20.56
20.35
20.18
21.131
4.82
5.75
6.68
5.98
6.56
3.69
4.79
3.38
2.60
.053
.163
.196
-.009
.010
.096
.108
22.24!
20.76
19.17,
21.60,
21.14
20.58~
22.02i
6,21
6.08
7.56
5.73
5.11
6.36
5.54
2,45
2.00
3.03
3.97
4.31
3.02
2.78
. ...562110
7
8
. . ~66~9112
1,
. . 154~24\~l~
,..
55 21
7~Kl
.,. . ,54:23
157121 ~11~6
0.21149128 i8\10
:::i~dl;
l;!l;
30
. ..
lSli21
10~11~3:2
...
55
19 I 10
10
.
..
21 i 10
16~9
23 ] 10
17 I 1(J
11
~ 0.83
1.48
; 0.85
~ 2.75
I 1.05
0.13
!..
,..
59
57
46
55
50
65.1210.68
1.58
1.89
2.53
1.66
1.65
1.48
1.65
0.76 ! 1.12
0.96 ~ 1.50
0.25
0.75
. . . I 0.73
1.30
. ..
2,59
1.84
1.19
1.18
.,,
,.,
0.15
0.20
0.23
0.23
...
46
63
58
46
54
59
52
21.241 .S.65 3.27

22.86 7.56 6.18
19.17 4.34 1.86
64.55 1.16
66.93 2.32
54.70, 0.68
G
2.53
0.82
x
3.28
0.22
1.33
2.75
0.73
G
0.23
0!13
.013
.048
.165
.094
.044
21.665.23
19.98,7.23
22.72
I 5.36
20.501
5.07
20.717.00
4.03
3.47
1.70
3.35
3.59
63.6812.21
64.36 0.93
66.52 0.68
64.49 1.11
64.95 0.98
1.76
1.73
1.51
;.:;
...
0.30
0.57
0,96
0.54
:.;;
0.71
0.55
.,.
...
...
.,.
243
0-59
56471 .128
3941 ~;;;
14025
14008 .131
3904 .131
.098
.046
.004
.007
.014
22.71
21.38
21.17
25.15
21.22
1.45
2.87
i.22
3.56
3.55
65:32
65.371
$3.78/
$1.76
53.49
1.05
1.34
1.74
1.62
1.85
1.88
1.61
1.80
1.67
1.81
0.41
0.96
).46
...
).78
2.02
0.79
1.12
0.88
1.65
...
...
0.05
...
...
416
u-88
323
370
0-8
14831
5639,
14183
14365
3810
.131
.131
.133
.133
.133
.033
.049
.014
.052
.058
20.926.39
2.85
No analysis made
62.73 2.48 1,83 0.63 1.64
;.:
64,0011.41 1.82 I . . . I 0055 0.301::l%llO1;l
~o an ysis made
1.65
55.031 1.44
0.s0 I 0.94 . . . 54 20 12
0-51
0-53
0-101
0-22
0-17
3893
3895
4050
3835
3825
.134
.134
.135
.135
.136
.025
.063
.112
.143
.014
22.04/
23.26
21.70
20.41
19.50
5.14
5.19
4.24
6.70
6.12
3.50
1,53
3.28
3.1s
4.38
54.18
6S.67
65.62
65.24
64.7s
1.15
1.22
0.60
0.72
1.41
1.8S
1.s4
1.61
1.42
1.86
1.s4
0.3s
1.66
2.15
1.25
1.28
1.37
1.27
1,66
1.12
,..
...
...
...
...
49
49
64
57
63
U-105
U-65
U-28
o-2
0-86
S781,
55861
55491
37791
3995
.136
.138
.138
.138
.139
.024
.079
.086
,128
.216
20.9616.24
20.841 6.20
20.98~ 6.23
21.60 6.18
21.78 6.35
2.90
2.60
2.89
;.:;
64.72
64.511
6S.20
65.66
64.75
1.28
1.44
1.34
0.84
0.92
2.08
1.66
1.74
1.76
1,62
1.07
1.87
0.72
1.4s
1.03
1.26
2.36
1.20
0.79
0.95
...
...
...
..
...
52
21
54
19
Ss
19
53 22
47
27
0-25
214
u-3
U-lol
0-20
3840i
13956
5524!
S652~
3832
.140
.140
.140
.141
.141
-.008
.051
.090
.034
.043
22.3414.10
20.96 S.70
21,96 6.49
20.12 5.98
19,98 6.3S
2.90
4.26
2.85
4,09
3.83
64.781 1.82
62.80 1 2.68
63.77 1.17
64.79 1.30
64.00 1.63
1.72
1.81
1.82
1.76
1.82
0.93
...
0.63
1.72
1.22
1.40
1.33
1.08
1.52
1.90
...
0.28
...
...
...
57
47
40
60
5s
U-19
o-3
0-5
[;7
299
364
139
U-23
37881
55481
132911
14082i
14359i
133951
55441
.124
.124
.124
.125
.125
.125
.125
U-96
:5:s
65.10
66.27
65.19
63.60
63.86
65.49
0080
1,09
1.41
1o56
2.32
0.75
1=
Average
.125
High Value
.09s
Low Value
279
u-9
o-9
0-63
0-1
1.33
1.38
0.22
1.95
0.43
3912;
3750
.127
.128
.053
.196
-.010
5.24
6.13
5.63
4.78
5.87
1:13
2.13
23 11
29
12
12 I 13
11 , 15
279
20 16
15 12
24
10
.
3.0
61
2.5
15
10
8
;:;
3.2
3.0
2.7
:
12
13
9
9
:::
2.8
2.8
2.5
2.8
Y z
18 4.3
6 1.4
::
:!
8
1?
0
49
52
55
57
54
25
18
24
16
18
7
13
11
10
13
12
11
3.0
2.9
1:
11
::!
3.2
51 27
54 21
50 Z3
18 ;8
!7 25
11
11
8
3.2
L;
[1
[1
::[
27
30
14
1:
21
2s
33
13
16
1:
1;
1;
9
12
12
;:
12
;::
2.8
3.2
2.6
2.7
2.4
3.2
3.5
;::
3.0
2.8
6
;:;
1!
1:
;::
3.1
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
159
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE U.Cotztked
Ref
No
Exp.
during
15,yr.
Lot
No.
\V;jer,
Autoclave
;Xp., %
/0
.~
,
SiOz ~Alz03?e203
, I_
Ctlo Mgo
66.480.94
6S.26 1,23
61.432.75
63.102.97
63.64 1.15
.142
.142
1::::1 .j~~
14363i .1.42
4052{ .1-43
.026
.057
.087
.092
.064
2.47
3.60
4.95
20.88!$.49 4.01
22.923.03 1.85
356
~;6
14336i .144
.060
.324
.037
.039
.103
20.08
21.93
21.52
20.00
6.51
5.24
5.66
6.05
3.15
4.06
4.16
3.73
6S.011
63.421
63.1S;
64.84
.036
.049
.068
.102
.010
21.021 6,39
20.10 6.48
20.86 6.37
20,64 6.23
20.20 6.23
2.25
4.46
3.83
2.80
4.17
6S.74
64.SS
62.70
64,76
62.90;
245
0-64
0-15
0-38
324
396
358
5587:
.144
140271 .145
140141 .145
39131 .145
3823
.146
1:!:!1 :;:$
145011 .147
143381 .148
21.221 6.23
21.00 6.32
19.32 6.16
S03 ~a;
Ign.
Loss
!.49
1.49
1.74
1.99
1.72
0.79 . . .
U-12
U-24
-!08
368
0-102
:j3~l
Compound Corn.
positions~.
Oxide analyses%
0.63
0.76
0.71
..
0.14
0.25
0.83
0.61
2.72
1.41
3.00
1.21
1.66
1.71
0.98
0.45
1.70 ,.,
1.s7 2.81
Lde
1.84
1.00
1.54
1.92
0.06
1.20
1.20
2.S3
1.84
2.47
1.63
1.60
1.8S
1.70
2.00
0.69
1.24
...
...
...
1.2s
0.81
1.13
1.11
1.40
,..
,148
.148
.148
,149
.149
.019
.043
.015
.336
.018
20.80
21.11
21.30
19.72
21.45
5.83
S.66
S.69
7,59
S.47
4.37
4.25
3.71
2.99
3.50
62.661 2.71
63.861 1.S4
62.70{ 2.60
6S.30 1,27
64.36 1.88
;.;;
2:00
1.78
1.S6
...
0.67
...
0.33
0,76
294
14077~,150
249 ~ 14018 .150
300
, 140831.150
U-89 ~ 56.40 ,150
3824: .150
0-16
I
.150
,150
.011
.061
.036
.052
.053
21.80
21.41
21.30
22.46
20.54
5,36
5.03
6.0S
5.27
5.89
3.94
3.74
3.71
2.37
3.02
63.10 2.07
63.46 2.76
::.;:
;.;:
1.92
1.64
1.82
1.96
1.77
...
1.S8
...
1.32
0.70
0.6S
1.61
1.15
1,64
1.9s
,100
.282
20.17
18.96
.
21.1S
25.15
18.96,
6.66
7.17
3.10
3.65
63.90! 1.45
64.771 0.89
5.93
7.59
4.10
3.33
4.95
1.4s
64.24 1.S9
66.52 2.97
61.43 0.60
2.83
3.88
2.95
65.32 1.12
63.37 1.41
64.22 1.32
21.34 S.51
4.13
63.27[ 1.34
1.22
1.631 . . .
1.60 , 0.63 0.85
1.72 1.29 I 1,39
~oanalysis r Lde
2.26 2.02 1.47
109
289
U-21
U-86
C3S C2S 28A -lj

u
. .
60
54
50
50
43
16
19
18
22
33
12 8
11 11~2.5
8 15 3.0
z-j
1:
12 3.4
6 2.9
12
7
10
z
61
18
::
11
2.9
2.7
0.34
.,.
0.30
S7
55
43
56
49
13
10
10
12
10
1;
12
;:;
3.2
2.9
3.4
0.35
0,13
0.30
,..
...
46
51
43
S6
S3
25
23
30
8
8
13
13
11
;;
1;
9
1;
0.14
0.11
0.27
..
...
44
::
46
S8
1:
10
10
18
9
S1 22
64 58
18
9
12
13
.
10
15
6
59
...
..
21
1:
::?
~,~7
0.91
1,19
0.80
1.30
235
Ins.
Res.
13977!
133461
~ 14072!
i 55421
5637I
Average
.140
High Value
.150
Low Value ! .126
,070
.336
.014
64:s4 1:92
1.83 2.35
1.s0 1.66
1.75 I 1.04 I 1.3s
2.08 2.81 I 3.00
1.42 ; 0.30 0.S5
1.61
1.87
::
0.24
0.55
0.05
.
.55 22
45
45 i!
12
11
11
:
1?
.
10
1s
4
9
9
8 12
719
3.3
2.9
3.4
3!0
2.7
3.3
;:!
3.3
3.0
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.s
2.4
2.8
.151
.152
.152
.152
. 1s3
.034
.010
.000
.267
.010
I
U-117 5909;
3819
0-12
14063I
280
231
13973
55581
u-37
.153
, 15-I
.154
.154
. 1s4
.036
.o16
. 0+3
.051
.229
21.46
21.06
21.56
21.74
21.06
5.40
S.44
6.53
6.0S
6.66
4.10
3.00
3.23
3.41
2.70
64.33
64.18
62.24
62,00
64.08
1.63
1..77
2.47
2.61
1.s1
1.97
2.03
1.84
1.99
1.51
0.s3
...
,.,
0.79
1.02
1.55
1.28
2.05
1.52
0.17
0.09
.51
55
36
36
48
275
233
290
U-35
274
14058~
13975i
14073f
5556!
14057
,155
.155
.155
. 1S6
.157
,047
.049
.049
.148
-.008
21.78 6.1S
21.30 6.15
21.OQ 5.93
20.70 6.09
22.24 S,05
3.s5
3.55
3.87
3.24
3,85
62.30
62.68
63.30
64.90
64.00
2.66
3.27
2.82
1.04
1.74
2.00
1.81
1.78
1.73
1.70
...
,.,
...
2.08
0.16
0.90
0.81
1.29
1.53
0.53
0.14
0.22
0.34
.
...
36
42
48
56
47
35 ] 10
30 10
24
9
17 11
28
7
11
11
12
10
12
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
U-76
255
U-78
0-48
U-38
5597i
l4024i
.159
.159
5629, .159
3889~ .161
S539! .161
.076
.059
.078
.014
.026
20.70 6.12
22.23 S.71
21.10~ 6.47
21.1OI 6.68
21.70 4.94
3.13
4.68
2.ss
2.90
3.74
62.16
61.31
63.63
64.06
63,30
1.98
2.S7
1.42
1.76
2.26
1.94
1.89
1.81
1.62
1.72
1.65
0.25
1.57
1.32
0.16
2,81
0.72
2.48
1.17
1.36
0.07
,..
..
45
30
46
47
49
26 I 11
4117
26 13
2s 13
2s
7
10
14
8
3.3
1!
;::
291
234
230
0-47
301
140741
13976
13972
3888:
14084
.161
.161
.162
.162
.163
.043
.048
.048
.118
.041
21.20[6.09
21,38[6.28
21.S0 6.27
22.42 4.87
20.80 5.97
3.61
3.S2
3.67
2.85
3.81
62.70 2,22
62.92 2.37
62.94 2.s1
64.70 2.07
63.10 2.65
2.00
2!00
1.97
1.63
1.83
..
.
...
1.28
...
1.24
1.11
0.94
1.20
1.15
0.30
0.38
0.3s
. ..
0.33
42
41
40
29
31
32
10
11
10
11
11
11
::
;:
1;
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.8
3.1
2z7
13969] .164
232
139741 .164
257
14026 .164
387S: .164
0-37
U-116 58261 .165
.045
.052
.058
.178
.026
21.701 6.21
21.26! 6.37
21.33, 5.14
21.52 6.44
20.95] 6.08
3.67
3.63
3.72
2.70
3.84
62.60
62.96
63.37
64.27
63.62
2.S7
2.s0
2.71
2.01
1.14
1.88
1.87
1.69
1.64
1.79
...
,..
1.60
1.09
...
0.92
0.94
1.55
1.11
1.53
0.26
0.30
0.05
.
.,,
38
41
S1
46 ;
34 I 10
30 i 11
2317
27 13
11
11
11
3.2
3.2
2.9
1:
:::
O-26
253
u-7
u-68
O-78
.026
.059
.062
.073
.070
20,92 6.06
22,19 S.80
21,161 5.31
20.96 5.S2
19.921 6.1S
3.30
4.64
S.77
3.80
2.95
63.86 1.74
;5.:;
;.:;
1.88
1.90
1.72
1.81
1.85
1.10
0.21
1.32
1.76
1.41
-
1.12
0.71
0.88
1.24
2.92
,.,
0.08
..
..
::
18
12
9
;:;
3841i
14022
5528
5S89i
394s/
,166
.166
.166
.166
.167
64:s2 1:26
63.03 1.94
,.,
.
..
..
46
2718
13
;:;
3.8
12
1!
10
8
48124110
SO12211
29 / 41
43 I 28
S6 I 18
54,16111
8
4
8
:::
::i
2.6
:::
::;
3.2
H. F.
160
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T,
M.
WHITESIDE
TABLE U.-COntimwd
Exp.
during
15.yr.
Lot
Ref. No. No.
Wr&,
Autoclave
~p., 9
Si02
A1208
~esoa CaO MgO
Soa
Free Ign.
CaO Loss
.
1.75
1.75
1.52
1.54
1.87
. ..
0.25
1.57
1.26
0,72
U:102
0-61
0-73
5910
5632
5722
3906
3939
.167
.167
.168
.168
.168
.076
.118
.058
.074
.080
20.54
22.90
21.92
20.70[
21.48
5.98
4.43
5.23
5.09
6.61
4.20
2.65
2.73
3.40
3.20
63.26 2.33
62.80 3.10
63.65 2.13
65.071 2,39
62.85 2.26
372
213
U-92
U-93
0-70
14382
13949
5643
5644
3934
.168
.168
.168
.169
.170
.096
.105
.304
.216
.033
20.87
5.60
2.82
20.48
20.68
21.76
6.44
5.93
5.30
2.80
2,81
3.20
63.571 1,86 I 1.64

No an
64,57 1.53 1.80
64.36 2.01 1.64
63.91 2.32 1.80
226
357
U-39
0-1oo
0-60
13968
14337
5560
4048
3905
.170
.170
.170
;;;)
.050
.088
.090
.274
.078
22.04
21.00
21.00
20.46
22.12
5.82
5.73
5.44
6.68
4.92
3.66
4.17
2.84
3.30
3.08
62.96
62.56
64.58
64.37
64.70
2.48
3,15
2.05
1.11
2.20
1.86
1.85
1.71
1.80
1.75
251
222
220
0-7
u-44
14020
13964
13962
3790
5565
.171
.172
.172
.172
.173
.079
.039
.058
.276
.018
21.76
21.24
21.62
19.43
21.20
5.09
6.39
6.49
7.03
4.98
2.78
3.71
3.47
3.70
4.00
64.58
62.90
62.76
65.07
64.22
2.22
2.65
2.35
0.84
2,16
1.70
1.99
2.19
1.87
1.75
89
259
u-47
406
349
13278 .173
14028 .174
5568 .174
14552 .174
14329 .174
.122
.015
.055
.056
.092
20.26
21.83
21,12
6.29
5.26
4.59
2.93
3.00
3.85
64.44 2,00
64.38 2.11
64.08 2.47
1.84
1.62
1.56
y::
22.00
5.63
2.21
64.02 3s14
0-4
0-43
254
U-80
3782
3883
14023
5631
.174
.175
.175
.175
.279
.046
.059
.151
2.93
2.71
5.07
2.45
.164
.175
.151
.082
.304
-.016
18.58 7.07
21.05 5.99
21.72 5,83
21.54 5.65
.
21.31 5.81
23.36 7.07
18.58 4.43
K
5.77
2.21
66.23 1.26
63.87 3.58
61.28 2.69
64.15 2.27
63.57 12.13
66.23 3.58
61.21 0.84
21.10 5.84
21.02 I 5.59
20.09 6,09
21.20 4.95
20.78 6,28
2.52
4.55
3..57
3.8S
2.92
65.36 1.99
61,76 3.44
:;.:: , ;,:;
21.601 6,87
3.53
62.80 2.49
IJ-~~8
Average
High Value
Low Value
.040
.071
.181
.029
U-109
320
127
278
342
5799 .176
14180 .176
13367 .176
14061 .177
14272 .177
.119
224
244
0-67
0-49
285
13966 .179
14009 .179
3931 .179
.~9
1:!;:1 .180
.052
.053
.084
.132
.052
311
297
326
0-80
395
14126
14080
14186
3953
14500
.180
.180
.181
.182
.182
.068
J&l 10.88 6.04
171
u-55
u-59
219
288
13494
5576
5580
13961
14071
229
:;5
34;
228
;-;3
353
107
286
0-97
407
287
U-14
0-71
Compound Compositions~.
Oxide Analyses%
64:51 1:85
11.52 5.82
11.24 6.18
!1.58 4,57
0.43
1.81
1.99
1.16
1.05
0.87 I 2.49
?sis made
1.48 1.66
0+79 1.80
0.93 0.89
Ins,
Res.
...
50
43
49
64
38
21
33
26
11
33
13
9
8
12
:
10
10
0.14 54
19
10I9
.,.
.,.
. ..
...
55
56
49
0.85
0.85
1.43
1.69
0.99
0.39
0.20
.
.
39
45
58
52
53
2.27
1.38
1.21
0.83
1.09
0.91
1.40
0.18
0.27
0.22
.
..
1.86
0,55
1.01
11 3.2
13 3.2
i:
24
;:
8,
1{
9
::?
3.0
:;
36
60
56
21
30
35
11
19
1?
11
12
6
1!
11
11
12
::2
3.7
3.2
3.0
1.42
1.02
2.05
0.17
0,05 ;;
... 60
15
23
16
12
9
6
3.1
2.8
11 2.7
mis made
. . . 0.86
0.17 48
27
11
2.8
1.67
1.50
1.83
1.76
4,22 1,68
1.44 0.95
0+17 0.68
1.01 1.77
..
.
:;
0.07 33
,., 51
14
11
2.8
2.6
3.1
3.0
G
2.26
1.50
K
4.22
0.16
K
2.92
0.43
K
0.39
0,05 ;;
1.72
1.74
1.78
2.14
1.70
...
...
0.85
..
Oo85
0.77
1,31
0.93
1.40
0.98
,..
0.35
0.08
0.21
0.10
1.78
0 Smi
1.60
1.92
1.99
...
0.85
mis made
1.72 1.07
2.22 1.27
1.39
...
1.15
,.,
1.05
1.02
,.,
48
...
0,22
10.88
20.97
?1.88
21.05
20.54
6.57
6.29
5.6S
6.39
5.61
2.91
2.80
2.15
3.63
3.89
63.861.97
64.292.57
64.861.33
62.372.30
63.403.1.5
[.82 0.85 1.20 0.17

L.74 0.76 1.06 .,.
[.48 1.28 1.50
[.85
. .. 1.34 0.24
[.74
.. . 1.29 0.21
13971
3883
5527
14354
13970
.184
.184
.184
.184
.185
.089
.141
.147
.369
.083
21.00
22.26
20.80
21.49
21.24
5.74
4.90
6.75
5.80
5.83
4.73
2.18
2,37
2.96
4.67
62.403.28
64.702.79
65.291.40
63.371.1s
62.563.28
~.69
[.53
[.90
1.69
1.68
3820
13389
14333
;;:;1
.185
.186
.186
.186
.186
.148
.070
.076
.084
.089
20.68
?1.12
21.40
21.77
21.80
6.37
4.76
5.03
5.05
5.12
2.67
4.12
4.17
2.75
4.27
64.461.91 1.76 0.70 1.19

63.08,2.77 ~.60 1.67 1.83
1.79
1.63
1.62 1.57 1.75
I%fil ;::;
63.003.26 1.60
. 0.95
4042 .186
145s5 .186
14070 .187
5535 ..187
3935 .187
.143
.104
.084
.088
20.70
6.48
2.95
5,11
4,19
2.67
3.29
64.73 1.25 1.69

61.46,2.96 1.68
62.9013,33 1.56
64.63,1,85 1.62
63.60,2,74 1.86
6.19
6.04
...
1.11
1.29
1.63
de
0.58 0.14
1.34 0.30
1.19 . . .
1.02 . .
0.50
1.24
1.11
2.11
0.57
58
43
55
51
53
0.33 35
.076
.102
.144
.071
.079
20.62
20.45
;:;
9
8
.182
.182
.183
.184
.184
.094
3.1
34
26
.026 U.09 5.30

.074 20.93 6.64
I :;;;
;:
0 am ysis n
[.59
. ..
L.91 . . .
[.48 0.87
[.74
..!
;;:;;
2.8
1;
62.363.10
61.403.26
64.941.96
64.242.77
5.23
;;
:::
4.96
4,67
3.04
2.12
11.74
17
3.0
3.0
2.6
0.18
...
,,.
.
0.20
0.10
0.32
0.24
0.32
1.43 1.23 .
0.73 2.37 0.17
0.80 0.27
1.45 1.21 . . .
1.05 1.20 . . .
47
48
52
2:
38
23
::
0
1;
1:
8
;
1:
G 3.0
18 3.8
7 2.6
11
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.6
2,9
;:
19
1;
1:
11
12
9
35
12
11 3.0
;:
11
26 10
25 11
23 ], 6
9
10
10
::;
3.4
8
6
2.7
3.2
1;
:::
12
12
~:~
:;
8
3:2
3.0
;
14
10
8
2.9
2.6
3.2
2.9
2.9
12
:
9
6
12
8
1;
10
3.0
2,7
3.0
2,7
2.7
::;
2.6
2.7
3.2
f
I
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
161
TABLE U.<o?sti?$ued
Exp.
;ir$g
Ref. No Lot
No.
in
Water,
%
Autoclave
xP., 7
Ins.
1.31
0.93
...
0.58
1.20
Ign.
Loss
1.48
2.10
0.63
0.72
1.59
1.76 1,31
1,66
. .
1.71 1,61
1.84 2.29
1.71 .1.22
1.23
1.80
1.61
2.50
1.04
0.16
0.22
...
...
0.10
50
50
55
53
54
0.75
1.60
...
1.83 2.31 1.78
2.01 1,98 ;.;;
1.60 1.27
Ii[0 an ysis made
0.30
0.31
...
,..
41
60
49
6S
31
::
13
1!
a
o-93
252
319
125
U-17
4005
14021
14179
1336!
5538
.188
.188
.188
.188
,190
.020 20.70~ 5,56

.0.53 20.921 6.69
.106 21.38 5.87
,108 21.45 4.89
.006 20.80 5.60
J.50
!.97
L.07
1.19
2.72
CaO M@
.
64.022.04
62.622.05
62.663.26
64.393.07
64.551.80
118
318
U-22
u 54
142
1335(
1417:
5542
557!
1340:
.190
.190
.190
.190
.190
.052
.092
.088
.092
.115
21.98
22.30
21.70
21.28
20.69
1.48
).03
1.99
1.44
1,88
64.64
63.00
63.59
63.65
64.69
1.59
3.15
2.82
2.45
1.94
325
115
1418:
13352
.191
.191
.095
.115
.150
.062
.095
21.645.73
20.495.51
21.135.77
21.064.95
!,07
3.20
2.70
1.07
62.50
64.48
63.48
65.07
3.51
2.03
2.23
2.56
SiOz ,AIzOa
U-111 5801 .191

559C .192
U-69
14346 .192
363
Compound
Composition%
Oxide Analyses%
5.49
4.07
4.67
5.24
6.46
e20a
S03
1.85
1.74
1.50
1.58
2.06
93
298
362
g-o
13282
14081
14345
3845
1406t
.192
.192
.192
.192
.193
.112
.115
.144
.170
.125
2.61 64,11 2.94 1.80

3.59 62.103.77 1,85
No an
21.346.18 2.20 64.482.02 1.53
21.325.09 3.35 63.023.69 1.89
O 96
284
237
090
321
403s
1406;
1397s
4002
14181
.194
.195
.196
.196
.197
.100
.146
.078
,194
,097
22.58
22.44
21.08
20.58
21.54
6.15
4.89
5.53
6.93
5.75
2.83
3.11
3.39
2.35
4.23
63.031.72
63.203.04
62.643.29
63.472.32
62,503.45
0-56
322
553(
1418[
1348[
3901
141M
.197
.198
.198
.199
,200
,123
,085
.149
.122
.071
21.90
21.40
21.10
20.78
21.52
5.47
5,39
5.77
5.52
5.47
2.70
3.71
2.92
2.80
3.73
63.99
61.30
62.49
63.17
61.78
170
1349:
.200
.062 20.46 6.19
Average
High Val w
Low Value
.187
.200
.176
.099
.369
.006
,201
.202
.203
.203
Reg.
...
).15
D.23
D.11
,..
:3s
2aA 2
d

56
42
43
1?
::
29
19
16
2.6
25
10
6
;:
21
19
1:
12
8 3.0
9 3.1
9 2.9
1.27
1.27
0.30
...
13
8
1.46
1.61
1.75
1.79
1.6S
1.11
...
...
1.00
...
1.17
1.11
1.44
1.50
).80
...
0.22
0.10
...
0.19
12
8
3.15
3.84
3.15
2.52
3.46
1.82
1.54
1.68
1.96
1.69
0.38
...
1.14
2.12
...
3.81
1.54
1.91
2.40
1.76
. .
0.37
0.13
..
0.27
10
3,13 63.96
1,83
0<93
1.22
0.11
21.52 5.72
22.58 6.93
19.32 4.07
G
5.11
2.12
2.64
63.47 2.62
6.5.36 3.84
61.30 1.15
~
1:46
G
2.31
0.38
z
2.50
0.11
.076
.294
.150
!100
.170
20.90
21.50
20.98
22.34
20.78
5.85
5.38
6.81
5.51
5.64
2.95
2.40
2.65
2.67
2.72
63.84 2.39
64.39 2.74
64.06 2.49
62.55 .2.79
64.01 3.56
1.75
1.65
1.42
1.67
1.91
1.47
1,22
...
0.91
1.01
21.03
20.16
20.72
22.10
20.46
6.19
6.11
5.29
5.70
5.76
3.59
3.41
3.63
2.09
2.92
62.59
63.94
63.36
63.73
63.62
2.73
3.08
2.20
2.92
2.81
1.80
1,80
1.92
1.72
1.89
ie
:::
8 :::
D.11
3.69
6.21
6.31
1;
10
L!
1:
1.13
.
sis r
1.20
...
20.66
21.40
11
12
10 ::1
!
3.4
2.7
Ii
2,6
3.2
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.0
2.8
::
1!
8
3.1
2.9
1{
U-15
328
167
0-66
;:):
U-97
U-52
392)
382.
387;
564~
557%
1?
3.1
2.6
2.9
3.3
2.9
11
10
3.1
0.21
0.37
0008
r
14
6
T
16
6
2.9
3.6
2.5
1.36
1.33
1.07
1.39
1.00
...
...
...
...
.
11
:.:
;:
10
10
:
8
8
2:4
!..
0.88
1.86
0.83
2,20
0.77
1.23
1.50
0.99
2.11
...
...
..
0.11
. .
10
10
11
10
11
3.1
3.1
3.3
1449!
...
.203
U-91
400
!336:
564:
,204
.204
.205
.163
.132
.076
.144
.157
186
U-26
273
0-21
397
1382
554
1405(
384:
1450:
.207
.207
.207
,207
.414
.062
.084
,109
.180
20.83
21.40
21.00
20.76
21.02
7.02
6.06
5.51
6.19
6.07
2.50
2.50
3.39
:.::
63.48
64.13
62.74
63.63
63.49
3.14
2.48
3.44
2.02
2.94
1.62
1.95
1.72
1.90
1.76
0.42
0.88
...
1,77
0.96
0.83
1.05
1,28
0.82
1,00
0.36
...
0.08
.
0.14
355
168
0-91
281
0-92
1433!
1349
400.
1406,
4001
.2o7
.208
.209
.209
.209
.182
.186
,062
.129
.139
21.50
;:.:;
.3.07
;.;;
22:44
21.88
4:89
5.90
3.13
3.17
3.03
3.11
2.40
63.50
63.38
63.54
63.20
63,05
3.70
3.56
1.63
3.04
3.24
1.71
1.46
1.59
1.61
1.57
...
0.93
1.30
..
0.62
1.00
0.8C
1.16
1.11
1.35
0.20
0.11
. .
0.22
.,,
U-lO8 579 .209

1435. .209
346
384 .210
0-29
350
1433( .211
5521 .211
u-5
.302
.407
.050
.123
.288
20.26
21.53
21.10
21.26
21.36
7.07
5.88
4.91
5.93
6.19
2.93
2.88
3.05
4,07
2.17
65.15 1.22
63.950.98
63.35 2.67
62.12 3.25
65.19 1.09
1.95
1.80
2.16
1.78
1.70
...
1.88
1.19
,,.
3.06
1.03
1.51
1.6C
0.68
1.38
...
,,.
...
0,32
.,.
U-30
351
348
,100
,140
,147
20.845.32 3.10 63.42 2.99

21.165.67 4.09 63.02 3.41
20.265.67 3.75 63.60 3.37
1.79
1.93
2.00
1.48
...
...
1.4C
0,62
1.33
...
0.21
0.30
394
U-53
~;9
>>i , ~(-)4
555
1433
1432
.212
.214
.214
1!
10
8
1:
10
14
12
9
::
1!
11
1!
9
:::
::;
;
10
10
8
:::
2.9
10
11
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.7
:::
1:
1:
7
14
11
9
9
;
13
1;
7
:::
3.7
3.0
2.9
:
9
1:
11
:::
3.4
H. F.
162
GONNERMAN,
Ref. No
Lot
No.
WHITESIDE
Calculate Potential
Compound
CompositionsYO
Fe20a
343
U-62
265
0-82
410
14273
5583
14036
3969
14571
.216
.216
.217
.218
.218
.097
.067
.363
.142
.319
21.651 4.44
20.361 6.88
0-85
0-11
0-87
215
359
3994
3813 I
3999
13957:
14339
.219
.219
.220
.221
.221
.340
.225
.169
.073
.098
354
218
90
316
U-84
14334
13960
13279
14140
S635
.221
.221
.222
.222
.223
110
373
187
U-71
o-77
13347 .223
144161 .223
1;8281 .224
>5921 .224
.224
3943
0-84
340
U-112
3993
142701
5818
1.287
.128 20.86 5.99
.115 20.48 6,09
l-l-l-l-lNo analvsis made
2..53 64,11 3,04

2.43 63.40 3.54
I
20.72~6,41 2.71 64.15 2.83
21.6414,05 3.15 65.01/ 2.46
1.48
1.71
1.00
0.83
1.20
1.40
,,,
,..
54 19 12
53119112\7
2.5
2.9
S
10
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.0
0.17
,,.
52
64
20 12
14.5
2.29 64.11: 2.74

2.35 62.24 3.49
1.74 1.28 i 0.83

1.68 1,33 1.42
[o analysis n ~de
1.92 0.98 2.14
1.75
,..
1.85
.
,..
:;
21.24! 5.16
19.911 5.76
22.701 5.57
21.58/ 5.13
2L94~ 5.01
2.65
2.75
1.93
3.93
3.63
62.67!
62.79,
63.97:
62.88
62,62
1.96
1.40
1,49
1.84
1,69
0.63
2.80
0.28
.
.,,
43
58
29
14
33
27
29
.222
.259
.205
.216
.218
21.70 5.07
20.04 7.06
20.8316.43
20.94 6.63
22.54 4.24
3.03
3.08
3.14
2.29
2.24
63.80i3.51
63.48 3.12
63.46:2.46
63.35 3.02
63,94 2,65
1.65
2.00
1.74
1.68
2.01
,..
1.13
0.84 0.73
.201
.270
.806
.132
.078
20.496.13
20.785.60
20.986.92
21.065.60
21.225.95
2.70
2.76
2,44
2.19
3.26
63.98! 1.82
63.851 2,96
63,451 3.08
62.83$ 3,99
62.551 2,24
1.76
1.83
1.57
1.69
1,75
1.70
0.74
0.64
0.70
1.81
2.78 62.46! 2.99

2.85 63.7912,88
2.70 63.76/ 2.45
.245 21.14 5.78 2.89 63.521 2.85

1.287 22.70 7.07 4.09 65.19/ 3,99
.049 19.91 4,05 1.93 62.12] 0.98
.049 21.98 4.30

.202 20.94 6.04
.260 20.98! 5.94
2.94
3,46
3.40
3.66
3.68
18
18
27
1.90
1.75
2.06
0.77 2.25
1.23 0.80
2.36 1.67
26
22
22
1.76
2.16
1.40
1.25
3.06
0.28
49
,..
0.13 51
. . 50
0.20 50
0.36 64
0.08 39
K
34
14
::;
3.5
T 3.0
13 3.7
6 2.4
0.22 42
0.31 42
.
55
31
29
16
10
12
10
::;
3.1
1.27 0.22 43
28
11
3.2
27
7
11
8
11
10
3.2
.,. 1:20
1.64 1.61
49
.
0,46 60
46
0.35 45
. . . 53
1.68
1.95
1.70
0.80
1.27
2.06
2.86
1.19
2.12
1.63
58
62
.,,
.
:;
.,.
0,11 48
15
8
0.28 I 1.19
1.13 I 1.17
rsis made
0.71 ~ 0.95
I 1.31
U-104
282
405
225
u-34
.5780
14065
14532
13967
5555
.228
.228
.229
.230
.230
.127
.213
.223
.089
.190
22.30i4.96
19.96 5.64
20.3116.7S
20.8215.99
20.36 5.89
2.40
3.54
2.52
3.55
3.33
U-74
o-55
U-51
o-79
131
5595
3900
5572
3952
13376
.230
.230
.231
.232
.232
.416
.356
.101
.146
.171
20.6615.51
!s.94/6.61
;;:$:1 ~:;f
20.04!6.99
2.19
1.67
2,55
1.77
3.30 63.94!2,45 1,87
2.33 62.6213.08 1.88
2.32 63.03 3.16 1.88
188
0-33
203
260
U-121
13829
3868
13875
14029
5946
.232
.232
.232
.233
.233
.232
.504
.987
.407
.208
20.81 6.91 2.89 62.99!3.07 1.63

21.04 6.17 2.25 63.991 2.61 1.84
No anj
62.03 3.34 1,86
21.111 7.01
64.75 1.66 1.70
;:R
21.89 5.81
o-99
276
u-79
U-106
341
4047
14059
S630
5782
14271
.233
.234
.234
.234
.235
.165
.113
.113
.222
.239
19.94 6.06
21.40~ 5.81
20.54 5.49
21.41 4.85
20.55 6.37
2.90
3.23
2.35
2.4.X
3.30
64,09
62.78
63.15
64,15
63.62
2.70
3.75
3.40
3,46
2.40
1.89
1.63
1.77
1,82
1.90
172
365
u-49
91
U-119
13495 .235
14360
.235
5570~ .237
13280
.237
5912 .238
.166
.105
.460
.290
.138
20.79,
21.82
21.58
20.92
21.46;
6.02
5.09
5.62
6.01
6.32
3.11
3.71
2.56
2.70
2.98
63.571 3.16
62.62 3.88
62.94 2.86
63.75 2.94
63.69 2.04
1,65
1,66
1.59
1.80
1.63
0-21
140
296
U-36
0-83
3834
13401
14079
55.57
3970
.238
.239
.239
.239
.240
.720
.581
.159
.130
.195
21.06~ 5.93
20.90 6.81
21.16 5.53
21.42! 6.14
22.201 5.41
2.25
2.49
3.71
3.06
2.85
63.041 2,81
63.70 1.78
62.90 3.16
63.72 1.75
63.75, 3,49
1.82
1.88
1.94
1.75
1.24
0-72
3936
::Q6
.240
~qr)
63.061
.290 ?).84 4.75 2.13
,, -.. 4.58
,,.
,,) -. / -c .,.
1.67
2.86
3.28
3.32
3;48
3.60
9
9
10
23
::?
2.9
0.15 55
0.14 55
0.29 44
.112 21.82 5.57

.130
.133 ;;:;:1 ::;;
.194
.091 21.00 6.21
63.94
6$.02
62.65
62,40
tI.. O8
0.20
0.10
0.13
.
,..
3.3
2.4
2.03
0,83
1.29
1.91
1.96
.226
.226
.226
.226
.228
3.59 62.701 3,48
1.00
0.30 :;
0.25 45
8
6
12
11
;:
25
26
14060
14332
5582
14361
13958
3.23 62.60~ 3.62

3.93 62.58 3.30
3.16 63.231 2,82
1.37
2.96
0.60
1.57
1.39
:;
47
46
52
277
352
U-61
366
216
TT./I4
M.
MO;
.215
.216
.216
Low alue
T.
;Xp., 9
13877
4000
3831
Aver ;e
High IalUe
AND
Oxide Analyses%
205
0-88
0-19
.225
.225
.225
.
.214
.223
.201
LERCH
TABLE U, Coztkwed
Exp.
~5r$
-,.
in
Water,
%
W.
1.09
1.35 1.87
1.31
2.96
0.60
1.61
1.49
1.92
0.58
1.82 1,59 2.03
0ani mis I de
1.91
1.85
2.00
1,95
1.95
1,68
. .
0.63 I 0.64
;:: 1;.;:
1.89
,..
2.27
1.13
1.68
t
!
,
I
I
I
!
:
1.70
1.40
2.55
1.45
0.65
1.16 ~ 1.55
17? I ::;:
2.33 ~ 1.16
1.22
0.87
::
ii
:::
3.0
2.9
3.4
8
8
7
;:;
2.7
:::
9
9
8
;:
;;
;::
3.3
2.9
:
10
;::
;;
21
;:;
3.2
0.30 43
51
27
22
9
7
2.8
3.1
0.10 36
,..
50
33
25
1418
12
7
3.2
2.9
59
45
56
57
50
13
28
17
18
21
11
0.14 51
0.21
::
(i.lj
::
.,.
0.31
.,.
.
0.13
3.2
I 1:
!:;
11 i 10
::;
21
29
27
22
28
11 10
7 11
11
8
1118
129
2,8
48
(i.ti8 46
0.76 47
46
.
47
24
25
2.5
27
29
12
7
14~8
5u
16
;!
1; i 1;
lo~9
Q7
;:;
3.1
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.0
2,1
?Q
HYDR$TION
EXPANSION
&ARiCTERISTICS
TABLE U.-Continued
I
Exp.
d&Lg
Ref. No.
yot
in
Water,
%
:Xp., %
13876
13590
5825
13369
.241
.242
.242
.243
304
409
U-W
327
U-103
0-54
0-39
14087
14s701
5561
14187
5779
3899
3877
AJ
Average
High Value
Low Value
SiOz AlaOaFez.03 CaO M@
l
201
173
U-115
129
.246
.247
.249
.249
.250
.236
.250
.226
Compound
Composition%
Oxide Analyses-z
A&
2.901
.175
.194
.310
1SOSFreel
CaO
No al
20.17, 6.13
21.44 5.95
21.36: 5.36
2.S7
2.43
2.87
63.52 3.17 \ 1.72

63.97, 3.30 1.56
62.18 4.46 1.63
19.94;4.99
20.256.75
19.797.37
20.00:7.15
20.36~
6.55
22,125.13
62.08; 4.33
62.43 3.48
:5.;:
;.;:
20.84; 5.37
5.17
2.32
2.30
2.55
2.95
2.75
2.65
.310 20.86~ 5.97

2.901 22,30 7.37
s089 18.9414.75
.244
.333
.330
.231
.143
.364
.150
Ign.
Loss
Iysis made
,n,. ;IC2,
Res.
lc,A! ~ ~ g
id
,.-.
0.73 0.69
0.71 1.17
0.17 55 16
..
so 24
0.23 46 ; 27
12[8
127
919
I
4;16
;:17
1.65
2.38
0.07
.
.
0.07
..
,..
2.86
5.17
2.13
64:29/ 2;47
62.21 3.92
63.531 4.20
63.3013.13
64.751 4.58
62.03 1.66
1.11
1.92
1..50
0.80
0.84
144
1.10
1.37
2.33
0.28
1.36
2.86
0.58
0.23
0.76
0.07
18 10;8

22 11
33 16
7
4
I
21.70;6.20 2.70
;;,;:; ;.:
3.74
2.29
19:726:26 2,50
19.52i6.95 2.57
63.871 1.98
63.0912.47
64.30 2.92
62.5113.20
63.37 2.92
1.77
1.79
1.89
1.89
1.86
2.45
1.60
..
1.80
1.01
1.14
0.69
0.92
2.65
1.85
. .
0.13
0.10
,..
!..
45
46
.38
54
54
29
26
12
16
15
12
9
14
12
14
3,0
25
11
3.2
2
z
54
32
56
so
16
:;
22
18
22
15
12
918
.251
.251
.251
,252
.252
.175
.225
.288
.217
.339
f~;8
4043
13878
5553
13978
5537
.252
.252
.253
.253
.254
.444
.776
.164
.256
.100
21.16 5.71
2.65
62.7512.88
20.64 5.48
19.60 6.80
21.60 4.47
2.40
2.93
2.47
63.86! 3.21
63.20: 3.30
63.4213.15
1.87 1.07I 1.97 ,,,

47
0 an ysis made
..
1.88 1.95 2.38
58
2.09
. . 1.13 0.25 52
. .. 55
1.89 1.01 1.63
.254
.254
.255
,256
,260
.494
.531
J;:
1.157
19.70
21.15
21.86
20.30
t9.66
5.47
6.75
5.03
5.72
6.96
2.63
2.40
2.88
2.10
2.44
63.23! 3,71
63.78 2.10
62.89i 4.13
63.471 3.?6
63.87 3.01
,.6.5
,.87
..67
!.85
!.36
3.97
1.72
1.13
2.31
1.44
2.65
1.23
u-loo
5534
13403
5541
3812
5651
;:2
1.45
..
105
0-44
189
u-33
292
13338
3884
13830
5554
14075
.260
.260
,260
.262
.262
.587
.314
.235
.192
.206
19.4416.67
20.36 7.44
20.48 6.93
20,84 4:35
19.80, 5.85
2.43
2.48
2.80
2.45
3.65
64.33, 2.61
62.71; 3.21
61,80 3.04
63.431 4.50
63.40 3.73
!.0s
[.84
[,57
[.73
~.85
i .92
0.65
0.16
1.48
. .
1.11
1.04
2.75
2.18
1.42
0.13
...
0.46
.
0.17
U-no
U-90
o-68
268
0-57
5800
5641
3932
14039
3902
.262
.263
.263
.263
.264
.689
.844
.180
.693
.176
20,02 6.85
20.48 6.21
20.31 5.74
2.55
2.47
2.90
63.65 3.14
63.271 3.30
62.42 2.85
20.95i 6.49
2.42 1 63.00j 3.19
L.87 p;
1.20
1,85
1.32
?.08 1:43 2.69
~de
3 analysis I
1.94 1.33 1.53
0-31
u-45
u-73
:-j?
3865
5566
5594
5913
5636
.264
.264
.265
.265
.265
.340
.396
.164
.286
.418
21.36! 5,06
21.98; 5.41
20.46! 6.24
21.18; 5.68
21.56 6.18
2.38 I 62.00 4010

2 17 ! 63.12 3.99
2.48 63.08 3.39
2,88 62.48 3.72
2.56 63.511 2.68
1.85
1.73
1,77
1.61
~.76
0,54
0.88
1.25
. .
1.04
:.;;
1:54
:::
2.12
1.04
,..
...
46 26
1218
lo~9
44128
1218
o-34
393
367
U-46
238
3869
14498
14362
5567
13985
.266
.268
.268
.269
.269
.460
.599
.315
.252
.263
22.00; 4.64
21.49! 5.23
2.54
2.48
63.6314.22
62.36 4.41
1.54
1,80
1.26
..<
~.j;
.
...
...
51
47
20.9615.45
2.55
62.9414.36
0 analysis made
1,51 I 1.38 I 1.47 I . ..{52~21110[8
o analysis made
8
10
124
0-32
u-95
0-103
313
13364
3866
5646
4164
14135
.269
.270
.270
.271
.271
.791
.268
,226
.354
.818
20.84
22.56
21.88
19.98,
20.76;
6.16
4.03
5.03
6.71
6.25
2.23
3.14
1.97
2.60
2.76
64.07]3.30
61.825.24
62.30,4.05
63.033.17
62.643.53
1.71
1.82
1.97
1.86
2.00
1.s3
0.32
1.61
1.42
0.43
1.09 0.16
0.77 . . .
2.15 .,.
1,71 . . .
1.09 0.21
53
43
4.5
51
46
0-69
U-72
0-18
u-43
U-87
3933
5593
3826
S564
5638
.272
.272
.273
.273
.273
.912
.374
,200
.668
1.076
19.70! 7.06
19.96 6.25
20.96 5.76
21.76, .5.21
21.02:5.69
2.48
?.25
2.20
2.6S
2.19
63.20
, 3.21
63.23
I 3.42
63.543.10
62.944.09
63.803.78
1.92
1.69
1.89
1.86
1.85
0.93
2.23
1.4s
1.61
1.22
1.35
;.;;
51 18
56 ; 15
52 \ 21
47 27
53 20
13879 ,274
5578 .275
55221 .275
.798
.310
1.359
U-20
o-1o
207
:.;7
Average
High Value
Low Value
..263
.275
.251
;:;
1.28
.. .
1.41
.. .
1.95
1.92
1.63
5563
13358
14189
5591
5634
;-;3
2.9
1.78
1.66
1.96
2.26
1.80
1.74
1.54
1.77
2,26
1.24
U-42
120
329
U-70
U-83
U-32
236
U-16
21.2215.32
21.5815.18
.
.454 20.78 5.90
1.359 22.56, 7.44
.100 19.MI 4.03
2.S0
2.50
/ 2.57
$3.74
~ 1.97
1:28
1.32
.,.
..
.
..
. ..
...
...
.,.
.,.
,..
:!
41
62
58
3.0
3.8
2.1
::;
3.2
3.2
u
3.2
15
15
10~8
Ill
7
9)9
12)6
1417
11
27
28
13
13
14!7
16,8
14/9
718
9i21
.52 18114~8
52 20 128
51 20 10
2S
26
::;
::;
3.2
3.5
3.1
2.7
::;
144~27113~7
46 I 28
46 29
51 i 20
j:!
3:0
2.6
16i2i7
17 13i9
20
818
... 63 9
0.10 4.5 27
. .. 47 27
57
55
3.8
3.3
7
8
9
3.2
3.2
3,5
3.3
917
1117
3.2
::;
::;
8
8
20
32
29
18
2s
No analysis made
63.303.80 1.88 1.76 1.03 . . .
1;]:!
1/:
;
61.7114.40 1.77 0,41 . 1.21 . . . ,
63.15 3.4S I 1.81 \ 1.39 1.56 fJ.19 51 21 13 8

64.33 .5.24 2.09 3.97 2.75 0.46 63 32 16 11
6
61,80, 1.98 1.36 13.16 0.69 0.10 41 9 s
2.6
3.1
2.6
2.9
:::
3.2
3.4
3.3
~:;
3:2
:::
_
3.1
3.6
2.6
TABLE U.-ConiinUed
Exp.
p;g
.
Ref. No
W*,
Oxide Analyses-~.
Autoclave
,Xp., q
Si02 A120t Fe20s
.
303
0-24
136
U-41
0-76
1;:::
;;:5
I 2;:
X:;
.277
.278
.280
4038
14041
5531
5550
3871
.281
.281
.282
.282
.283
.222
1.459
1.412
,318
.406
3907
3880
1;:;!
14037
.283
.285
.286
.286
.287
1.066 21.24 5,02 3,40

.496 20..52 5.58 3.10
.614
.398 19,94] 5.73 I 2.47
.524
u-8
135
130
U-114
0-41
SS29
[3384
i3370
5824
3879
.287
.287
.288
.289
.295
u-75
221
412
261
u-so
.5596
13963
14736
[4032
5571
.295
.295
.296
.296
.298
190
210
264
0-94
[3831 .298
[3906
.299
14035 .30il
4034
.300
l
;:;$
0-50
0-62
0-42
185
jJJ2
.716
,991
.785
.202
.290
7.04
6.14
4.85
4.74
4,68
22.36 4.78
2.54,
2.48
2.56
2.58
3.76
lll
62.37
63.33
63.51
63.73
62.83
3.43
3.42
4.70
4.91
4.81
1.75
1.81
1.78
1.86
1.92
1.12
1.07
1.24
1.26
0.74
0,80
0.98
1.32
1.22
1.05
...
...
43
55
28
17
8
10
10
9
,..
5611511118
3.90 ] 1.96
0.77
1,72
3.96
1.71
2,06
l.o6
No analysis made
62.6613.04 I 1.87 I 0.90 I 2.17
No analysis made
0.86 ,..
0.84 0.12
6254/ 477 i 176
0.78
1.62
1.37
20.83
22.36
19.34
5,64
7.27
4.68
G
3.76
1.90
0-46
263
174
175
0-40
293
3887
.301
14034 .301
13633
.302
13634
.302
3878 ..306
14076
.307
.645
.645
.2S8
.264
1<051
.246
20.65~ S.2S
3.12
62.78 4.49
20.17
20.15
21.24
19.50
2,30
2.32
2.60
2,47
64.06
63.97
62.49
63.06 I
3.34
3.33
4.38
3.66
1.93
?0 an
1.86
1.85
1.90
1,89
u-98
344
0-81
0-23
5649
14274
3954
3838
3903
.308
.308
.310
.310
.310
.723
.77s
.469
.594
.644
2.29
2.47
2.58
3.28
2,00
63.65
62.88
63,54
61.74
62.00
2.91
4,42
3.26
4.82
4.91
13492
S650
14085
139s9
5532
.310
.31 i
.312
.320
.322
U-122
0-28
92
S948
3847
13281
.324
J;:
.182
.89S
2.690
Average
High Value
Low Value
201
2s0
112
.311
.32S
.301
13873 .334
14019 .344
I 13349 .344
l
144
u-94
138
13410 .3S8
5645 .362
13394 .379
Average
High Vaiue
Low Value
.366
.379
.358
.313
.560
2.50
.,,
...
0.32
24
25
27
19
19
9 7
1:
12
10
:
8
9
51
48
21
21
11
15
8
8
I
...
,53
I19,1O,9I3.O
0.23 36 34 15
0.15 46 27 9
8
8
2.9
3.5
. ..14712619
812.9
0.17 51 22 10 8 3.1
0.32 60 34 15 11 3,5
0.08 36 13 6 6 2.5
53 1919
10 3.3
0.99
1.49
0.14
0.15
. .
0.24
11
11
11
1s
1.81
1.6S
1.80
2.12
1.45
2.01
0.73
1.06
1.60
1.42
,,.
0.12
.,.
...
. .
11
3!1
1;
H
3.6
2.5
63:06 4.47
63.15 4.s4
63.S4 4.12
63,10 3.73
63.63 4.13
1,47
2.01
1.92
2.09
1.s1
O.?p
:.;;
1:30
1.10
012
.,.
0.34
0.35
..
63.80 3.25
63.84 4.12
62.00 S.09
2.s2 63.12 4.0s

3.28 64.06 S.09
2.00 61.74 2.91
2.s0
1.72
1.80
1.95
1.1s
0.93
0.15
1.85
1.36
2,31
0.73
0!20
0.35
0.12
;!:!:1
?0.08 4.98
ZO.22 S.24
U .82 S.25
3,05
2.S8
2.01
.202
.508 19.806.42 2.23
S.140 19.906.sl 3.31
.
1.9s0 [9.8S 6.46 G
5.140 19.906.S1 3.31
.202 19.806.42 2.23
2.031
8.168
.498
0.13
52
49
45
51
53
an
2.7o
2.20
2.47
2.39
2.47
.707 10.641 S.73

2.690 U.82 7.57
.182 19.00 4.98
61.17
63.35
.708
2.001
.202
.8S4 ?1,41
1.186 U.46
19.00
.246
1.06
1,64
...
1.45
twis made
ysis made
1.29
1.30
169
u-99
302
217
u-ii
30
.288
.300
.276
0-58
46
11
14
4.58 1.72
3.66
1.97
No an
No an
20.76S.65
21.70S.lo
19.806.94
20.905,14
21.S65.64
8
8
8
8
11
10
62.23
62.89
5.59
S.48
5.82
7.23
14
12
9
8
6
19
17
62.20 3.52 1 1.73 0.84 0.87

62.43 4.37 I 2.03 0.37 1,08
{0
ysismade
62.49 3.99 1.73 1.03 \0.93
.
.
1.22
1.29
62.81 4.06 G
63.67 4.91 2.03 2.22
2.17
0,78
61.17 2.93 1.48 0.37
Average
High Value
Low Value
31
22
15
14
15
13
2.001 20.46 5,72 2.70

.250 19.76 7.21 2.63
.205
.650
.570 20.44 5.S0 2.87
.553
.699 21.60[ 5.12
38
50
59
60
58
56
1.13
0.71
0.60
1.99
1.46
2.61
2.60
2
u
56
56
4.23 I 1.48
4.54
1.86
4.82
1,85
3.28
1.88
4.32
1.77
21.071 7.27
21.50, S.22
0.08
...
0.15
,,.
...
...
...
,,.
62.44
62.81
62.00
62.91
62.78
l:::;
-.0 analysis made

63.72 4.54 \ 1.66 1,67 1.34
63.78 3.65 / 1.80 1.61 1.44
63.56, 2.93 ~1,82 2.22 1.92
2.35
2.54
2.98
2,73
2.80
4.89
5.10
5.49
6,29
5,38
CasC2SCaA
MgO
1.90 / 62.81/ 3.95 ~ ,1.72 ! 1.,68 ] ~.93 I ,,.
21.08 5.31 2.27

20,58 5.78 2.32
19,34 6,98 2,48
21.88
21.50
21.15
20.18
20.68
CaO
ll
21.00
20.80,
.733 20.80
1.405 20.84
.222 20.44
13385
5562
3942
Compound
Compositions-%
2.50
1.4s
[: g
...
..
4.2
;::
;:
z
4.2
2,5
G
0.22
0,18
1s
16
14
21.54S.23 2.07 62.46 4.98 1.82

19.486,99 2.69 62.01 4.50 1.69
21.W)5.54 2.0s 63.84 4.02 1.54
0.10
...
0.15
26
19
19
0,12
0.15
0,10
T
26
19
164
:::
2.6
1:
11
1.80
1.89
1.72
62.77 4.s0 1.68

63.84 4.98 1.82
62.0114.02 1.54
2.s
3.4
!!
16
10
0.22
0.18
3.S66 20.681
S.92 2.27
8.168 21.S46.99 2.69
.498 19.485.23 2.0s
3.2
3.2
12
1:89
63.35 3.57
63.75 2.74
63.S5 3.16
63.75 3.s7
63,35 2.74
::;
2.9
1.1
12
13
12
1:
7
10
9
14
11
:

12
7
14
8
10
6
2.0
2.9
1.1
3.1
;:;
2.9
3.1
2.6
.
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
165
CHARACTERISTICS
T.IBLE V.-OXIDE
ANALYSES AND C.4LCULATED POTENTIAL COkfPOUND COLIPOSITIONS OF

MISCELLANEOUS C031J1ERCIAL CEMENTSSERIES 263
Cements of each type are listed in ascending order of expansion during first cycle of autoclave test (See Table 10 of
text]. Cements for which no analyses were made were deleted from this table.
Chemlcd analyses made by the Research Laboratory of the Portland Cement Association in accordance with oppro riate ASTM Standard Methods.
Fn computing the potential compound composition of the cements the values were not corrected for free lime.
to Standard ASTM Ae#oclave Test C151
(A] Cemenk .Mjectd

I
1
1
I
Potential
Major Constituents%
Minor Constituents%
Compound
CeComposition~0
Ref. ment
NO. I Lot
~$
~ No.
b 6
Free Ins. Ign. rn U-II&A 4 q
Sioz j
A1,03 ~u IIgo Iso, q
KzO g
FeO Mno
Cao
Res. Loss ~
r-j u
MISCELLANEOUSNORMAL PORTLAND CEiMEXTS
162.9
142.3
123.0
133.2
133.1
449/15860
21.27/
5.30 3.91 63.261.471.72~0.30~0}87
,...
429,15654
21.905.44 2.89 64.092.031.36,0.19:0.75
...
45816125 21.895.94 2.42 63.512.031.740.550.26 ...
465,1595421.235.85 2.75 63.632.791.860.280.67,..
445:1534220.054.43 6.70 61.313.031.830.180.88 ...
.. .
.. .
...
...
.. .
. ..
...
.. .
. ..
. ..
...
...
...
.. .
. ..
2.51 0.10
0.74 0.05
0.88 0.09
0.82 0.13
0.89 0.23
1.87 57
1.15 62
1.59 59
0.85 63
1.64 41
18
16
18
13
27
454115691
21.566.08 2.S8 62.992.661.8710.17
1.09 .. .
44315316
20.6312.46 6.82 62.982.941.90().410.93 . ..
427it543322.601
5.19 3.08 61.404.701.700.16
0.60 ...
44815814 21.47[5.88 2.70 62.473.4211
.89/o.36
0.86 ...
...
.. .
.. .
..
.. .
. ..
...
...
.. .
...
...
.. .
1.09 0.09
1.15 0.09
0.40 0.15
0.21 0.11
0.91 58
0.92 45
0.82 45
1.03 57
18 .. . 13
,3.2
25 14 83.2
31 ... 152.9
19 . .. 133.2
1.47
1.41
0.95
1.02
1.84
1.93
1.10
1.14
1.43
1.25
103.7
93.9
134.2
1;,:.:
1
13 12 9~3.6
22 11 m:.:
10 11
14 11 63:8
13 12 73.7
1
...
...
. ..
10
HIGH-EARLY STRENGTHPORTLANDCE~EN
315:14139
14313409
10813345
2.4814017
117113355
20.22~ 3.22
20.08 2.82
19.55I 4.30
19.841 3.82
120.44~2.60
154,13308
11913357
121:13361
314;14138
123113363
20.01,II3.00 6.26
20.381 3.33 6.25
20.48! 1.91 5.29
20.63! 1.96! 5.47
20.431 2.191 5.90
A%
19.81 2.83 5.45 64.28 2.982.260.09,0730.30

1947
145!13411
126!13366
132113377
374]14428
19.391 2.44
19.261 2.20
18.731 2.35
118.9612.ool
4.83
6.27
6.00
5.64
5.78
164.26
64.58
64.12
64.13
165.23
2.7112.i61 .
.
1.982.30! .
..
~1
1.542.49
1.62,2.69 ::: :::
1.5612.41i . . ..1
9 7
14 12
12 9
12 8
13 11
:::
...
:::
..
:::
.
0.06
...
.
. ..
.,,
0.31
..
..
...
,,
0!91 0.1311.47 59
1.06 0.14 1.28 48
2.13 0.12 1.38 65
0.75 0.18 1.71 59
1.45 0.16 1.32 61
...
0.06
...
..
2.13
1.03
1.51
2.04
:::
.
64.81 1.61 2.11i0.2410.6910.37i0.17

63.13 2.272.34 . . . . . .
.
6j .34 2.8512.36 . . . . . . ~~~
64.341 3.3~12.250.23 0.29 . . . .,
... ...
,65,15 I 2.3712.191 ...1...
. ..1 . ..] . ..1 . . .

.
0.09 0.23
128:13368 ,19.55 3.12 5.80 64,261 2,83[2.201 ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . .
111113348 119.63 2.61 5.84 ]154.66~1.8512.3$ . . . . . . ... . . . .
\
~66,74~0.892.34
I
I
67.09 0.8712.22
63.85 3.362.47
66.04 2.232.46
65
57
59
59
61
...
.
3.20 6.04 63,92 2.782.27]
6.13
6.57
6.5j
4.89
0.09
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.19
... .
..
.
~~~ . . .
. .,.
...
. . ~~~ . .
.. .. ...
,
~~~ ...
..
,..
..
..
:.:
..
...
:::
...
...
0.23
0.14
0,09
0.28
1.98 0.10
2.38 0.12
1.45 0.06
5.08 0.09\
1.39
1.55
1.38
2.07
601 10
648
63 8
64 8
1.30 73 1
1.38 73. . .
1.75 631 6
2.14 721.
..
11
10
10
11
12
14
13
10
103.9
9i3.8
9 3.7
8 4.0
7 4.0
7 3.8
714.2
716.1
,,.
TVA TYPE B PORTLANDCEASEXTS
9713284 20.625.54 S.72 63.451.911.86 ...

10013287 21.274.80 5.83 63.781.16,1.81...
116
13353 21.484.95 5.25 62.472.28~1.76.. .
10113288 20.894.59 5.51 62.334.091.63.. .
9913286 20.813.25 5.21 62.582.9911.66...
.. ..
.. ...
... . ..
. . ...
~~~ .,
.
..
..
..
~~~
,.,
.,,
..
...
...
,..
...
...
.,,
,..
9813285 22.034.02 4.64 62.743.481.59 .,.

21213946 20.M 5.17 5.55 61.244.081.66 ,.
9613283 19.975.09 5.62 61.453.091.55 . ..
10313304 20.814.85 4.66 62.674.041.42 ...
.
.
,,,
.. .
.
.. .
,.
.,
. ..
. ..
...
...
...
...
...
. .
...
...
...
Low
386
383
381
384
382
14342
14326
14324
14327
14325
23.39
22,75
26.40
21.96
22.61
5.23
5.80
1.57
5.40
5.15
5.47
5.71
3.16
5.18
5.02
60. OZ
59.86
63.66
59.22
~g.bs
1.29
1.18
2.15
4.19
3.02
.
..
..
..
. ~
;.:$ ipj:; ;: ;
17 3.2
15 3.4
;: ,;.:
i.k9 0:12 1:42/44 29 6

. .. 0.13 0.42!47 25 7
... 0.14 0.86 49 23 5 162:8
.. , 0.16
0.24 0.11
. .. 0.30
. .. 0.34
,.
1.02 46
0.77 43
2.01 49
1.15 55
,,,
28
27
20
19
6
6
6
4
12 2.7
16 2.8
16 2.6
15 2.4
0.09
1.08
1.49
1.16
1.54
16
16
29
26
55
53
54
43
6
.5
6
5
16
18
5
16
0.31
0.20
0.17
0.12
1.50
1.09
1.44
1.22
31
52
52
50
47
31
26
27
4
4
2
3
13 2:1
13 2.4
HEAT PORTLANDCEIJE~TS
Z.OT .
..
Z.06 0.S13O*6O
1.73 0.13 0.43
1.62 0.78 0.34
2.02 0.68 13.5S
.
...
...
...
...
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.49
0.27
0.17
0.27
0.51
0.14
0.10
3.5
3.5
2.9
2.7
0.07 1.46 23 48 5 163.4
SULFATE-RESISTING
PORTLAND
CEMENTS
.
388 14393
385 14340
95 13275
94 13274
24.67
24.36
22.76
22.74
4.06
2.92
4.4o
4.30
II
4.21
3.18
3.61
3.85
63.13
65.49
63.68
63.74
0.71
0.53
1.98
2.21
1.54
1.48
1.26
1.43
...
...
...
...
..
. .
...
...
...
...
...
. . .I
...
.
...
...
...
...
...
-..
...
. ..
...
... I
0.59
0,63
0.52
0.77
1; j.:
H. F.
GONNERMAN,
W.
LERCH
AND
T. M.
WHLTESIDE
TABLE V.Crmtinued
.
hfajor Constituents%
Potential
Coppound
Composition%
Minor Constituents~.
Ref m?n-t
No. Lot
No.
SiO* G
!$
A1~$ ?3
*I
MgO so,
KzO :
FeO
MnO
~:;
::
I
Ik
$ C,A ~
]d
poy~ ~
Q
8
AXR-E~TRAINING PORTLAXD CE~EXTS
24514014 21.52 4.16 5.66 63.15 1.711.70 ,., ,..

24? 14016 20.80 4,16 S.17 62.69 1.651.66 . . . .,,
.. .
,.,
,.,
,.,
,,.
,.,
...
,..
...
I
0.08 0.11
1.24 0.18
1.54 45 28
3.02 52 21
8 13 2.9
7 13 2.8
PORTMXD.POZZOLAN CEMENTS
.
401 14509
191 13853
400 14508
403 14516
198 13862
104 13309
.. -
27.53
28.01
26.95
26,44
31,50
25.69
2.87
4.38
4.87
4.75
3.82
3.22
8.11
7.69
8.05
8.06
6.09
7.81
56.47
53.13
52.71
54,10
48,52
53.52
1.56
1.44
1.44
1,46
3.65
3.38
1.91
2.11
1,59
1.85
1.83
2.27
,.,
,.,
,,,
,,.
..
...
..
. . ,,.
.,,
.,,
:::
.,,
.,,
...
:::
..
...
...
:::
.,.
...
.,,
:::
. ..
.,.
,.,
:::
,,,
..
,,.
.,.
0,52
0.46
0,59
1.24
0.70
0.48 +0.47
14.70 1.42
13.18 2.67
12.20 1,66
17.10 2.50
0.95 2,49
OIL-WELL CEI.iEXTS
183 13569 20.51

330 14053A 21.15
182 13568 21.21
331 14053B 21,67
153 13317 21.27
184 13570 21.03
14913313
14813312
15113315
14713311
15213316
15013314
7.49
5.04
6.87
2.83
5.55
3.24
5.47
6.34
2.56
6.55
4.86
2.14
20.09 4.76
20.92 5.46
22.51 2.00
20,28 5,81
21.07 4.54
21.72 2.27
,.,
63.41 0.791.590,100,410.23 ,,, ,.,

,,,
64.49 0.831.83 .. .
:::
65.19 1.021.640.240:490:34 ::: :::
.,
64.38 0.861.44 .
0:30o;ij 0.05 0,06
62.38 1.601.621.220.(38
66.10 1.011.480.120.310.29 .
.,,
.5.62 63,69 1.751.560.380.27().350,16 0.50

6.01 61.70 1.551.440.520.350.35().19 0,16
3.62 64.18 3,302.040.1.50,520.220.09 Trace
4.95 61.83 3.35 1.710,710.350.330.33Trace
4.61 62.96 1.491.641.080.070,26(),13 0,08
4.95 63.98 2.871.430.7.00.530,360.1s Trace
,..
,.
Trace
0,06
(),12
().04
0,06
0.32
0,83
1,39
2.11
1.07
1!34
1,34
53
64
59
60
55
59
19
12
17
17
15
16
1.07 0.15 2.02

1.24 0.87 2.13
1.20 0.07 1+75
0.31 0.17 1,16
0.43 0.14 2.75
0.98 0.16 1,70
-----
58
46
57
51
54
55
14
23
22
20
20
21
0.08
0.64
1.09
0.64
0.32
0.65
0.14
0.14
0.08
0.13
1.53
0.22
1
,,
10
6
13
23 2.7
13 3,1
8 2.8
15 2,4
1; ;.:
14 2.7
17 2.5
6 3,5
18 3.1
14 2.8
7 2.4
AIR-Ei-iTRAIIWIiG hTATURALCEMEriT
I
41414$60 22.05 2.19 7.49 32.29122.2312.49

. . . .,,
1111111
... ...
. ..
,.,
...
II
14.35~ 9.45
EXPERIMENTAL CEMENTS
310
307
309
306
308
305
14132
14129
14/131
14128
14130
14127
21.71
21.62
21.06
21.84
20.42
21.73
------ -
5.01
4.9s
4.9s
5.19
4.77
5.00
.
4,73
5.05
4.97
5.18
5.23
5.19
.-
2:03
1.62
1,80
1.69
1.70
1.76
!..
.,.
.,.
.. .
...
,,.
,.. . .
. . . .,.
, .. . .
#..
.).
,.,
,..
.,.
...
. ..
,.,
,.,
...
...
,,,
.,,
0!47 0!10
0.55 0,09
0.50 0.10
0,55 0.09
0.47 0.09
0.79 0.12
-
!
1,56 27 42 4 16 3.5
1.12 42 30 7 11 2,8
1,21 42 28 6 14 3.1
1.48 36 35 8 10 2.9
1,15 44 25 3 18 2.9
1.50 45 28 9 7 340
..-l-
SPECIAL CEAiENTS
.-.
--
241 13994 6.88 16.55 38.46

452 15334 7.68 14.56 39.74
392 14490 29.98 2.76 8.98
312 14134 22,31 0.39 6.28
375 14429 17.50 3.60 3.15
36,17 1.04 0.23 0,06 0,12

36.00 1.22 0.19 0.05 0.10
49.29 2.24 1.05 0.16 0.35
...
64.94 2,49 1.60 .,,
67.48 1.82 1,77 . . . . . .
...
._
,,.
...
... ...
. . . .,.
,..
...
... ...
.,.
,.,
.,.
...
...
.,,
. ..
...
...
,..
,..
.,.
.,.
0.96
13.11
0.13
0.62
(),20
...
,.,
..
,.,
...
5.93 . .
:.;; +;.$i
0:14
0.14
1:82 48 28 16
1 2.7
4,04 67 ,.
2 11 3,0
0.62
0.72
1.49
0.04
0.07
0.15
0.11
0.12
0,91
1.33
2,30
0491
45
51
51
43
35 3
22 12
19 11
30 8
0.35
0.84
..
0.51
0.19
0.58
0.16
0.21
0,54
1.14
0,37
1.46
49
34
48
29
26
42
29
38
MEcELLAIiE0u5 CEIdENTS
430 15680
13313382
13413383
317 14141
24.10
20.92
20.02
21.78
3.31
2.90
3.20
3.81
3.37
6.21
6.22
5.57
63.79
64.00
62.98
62.90
2.55 1.52 0.40 0.20 0.15 0,23 . . .

2.29 1.79 0.14 0.22 0,3s 0.05 0.11
2.11 2.42 0.36 0,72 0.38 0,24 0.09
.,. .,.
.,,
,..
3.12 1.51 ,,.
464 15942
428 15442
446 15699
404 14531
22.08
23.49
22.72
20.89
2.46
2.87
2.48
2.63
5.15
5.40
S.38
7.40
63.90
63.38
64.06
60.67
2.86 1.89 0.64 0,46 ,..

..
.
1.07 1.90 . .
3.43 0.20 . . . ,..
,,.
3.28 2.16 0.37 0.96 . . .
.,,
,,,
..
.
...
...
,..
.,.
10
10
10
15
10 2,6
9 3,0
10 4.1
12 2.6
8 3.2
9 3.2
8 0.3
8 3.7
HYDRATION
EXPANSION
CHARACTERISTICS
TABLE V,+ontka?d
(B) Cements Subjected to a Modijfed Autoclave
Test
>TORUAL PORTLANDCEXE~TS
l!,
,(
0.56
0.64
. . . 0.22
0,48 0.12
0,35 0.14
. .. 0.07
0.67 0.16
0,88 0.15
2.27 35
1.00 55
1.29 44
1.04 46
1.06 ;;
1.46
o.ii 0.18
1 12483 21.052.46 6.03 63.642.841.730.340.490,34 ,., .,,
0.31
7413104 20.463.63 6.26 62.482.462.230.440.820.340.19 0.06 0.22
N-512741 20.073.51 6.27 64.182.201.80
,.. ,,, .,, ,,,
..
. . . 0.10
1.99 0.19
,.,
0.15
0.60 0.11
.,, 0.10
1.22 54 18
1.82 53 18
1.20 50 23
1.14 4s 25
0.79 56 15
1.21 0.15
,.. 0.11
,.. 0.09
1.35 0.13
1.55 0.24
1.36 48 24 11
1.00 50 23 12
0.95 43 31 10
1.01 43 30 11
1.21 50 17 16
80 i2488
67 13041
48 12858
40 11951
21.6S 4.89 5.78 61.57 1.07 1.72 0.11

21.57 3.70 .5.25 64.67 2.23 1.27 0.16
22.44 3.57 5,23 63.70 1.24 1.55 0.44
21.16 2.17 6.57 64.34 1.80 1.92 ,.
0.66 . . . . . . 0.14
0.27 ,..
0.86 0.35 o:ii 0.03
0.08
..
.,, .,.
.,,
X2 12738 21.87 1.58 6,30 64.91 2.36 1.68 0.16 0.14 0.39 0.05 0,02
73 13103 20.91 2.45 6.28 63.95 2.42 1.90 0.20 0.23 0.35 0.04 0.04
N4 12740 20.45 2.86 6.40 64.09 1.91 1.63 ,.

,,,
72 13102 20.37 2.89 6.36 63.82 1.87 1.77 0.38 0.59 0.35 olij
70
>T1
~3
71
85
13100
127.42
12739
13101
13193
20.88
,21.12
22.10
21.77
19.11
2.75
2.55
2.24
2.02
2.99
6.06
6.o1
5.08
5.33
7.83
63.05
63,81
62.06
61.93
63,23
2.99
2.85
4.95
5.10
3.03
1.91 0.36 0.60 0.33 0.12

1.68
1.62 ::,
:::
:::
:::
1.75 0<42 0.77 0.29 0.10
1.80
...
..
0.06
0,27
::;
0.04
...
0.04
,.,
,..
35
20
31
26
:;
15 2.9
8 11 2.1
8 11 2.6
14 7 3.3
5 2.9
::
7 3.2
12 9 2.8
12 9 3.0
12 7 2.9
10 113,8
11 11 3!1
8 3.2
8 2.9
7 2.8
6 3.0
9 3.1
NORMAL PORTLAXmCEMENTSx??TESTS BY HIGESWAYRESEARCH BOARD COMISITTEEON MATERIALS AXD

COFJSTRUCTIO~
(PROC. HIGHWAY RESEARCHBo~Ro, v. 16, p. 135, 1936)
M3
M2
M8
M6
12097
12067
12072
12267
121.16
20,92
23.46
21.18
6.CQ
2.64
3.45
4.54
4.23
5.72
5.09
5.38
64.0?S 1,03 1.67 0.89 0.27 0.30 0.30

65.56 1.85 1.66 0.24 0.80 0.28 0.18
62.83 1.17 1.70 0.37 0.90 0.32 0.16
61.09 4,04 1,75 0.13 0.66 0.28 0.12
58
61
34
40
17 1
14 11
42 8
30 7
18 2.8
8 2.8
10 2.9
l-t 3.0
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.81
0.53
0.57
0.19
N1912156 21.795.19 5.27 58.69 2.86 1.96 0.11 1.s0 0.21 0,11 0.18
M4 12145 19.44 2.63 7,43 62.61 3.01 1,84 0,45 0.69 0.34 0.35 0.36
MS 12144 21.52 2.50 5,26 62.42 3,77 1.71 0.11 0.77 0.29 0.08 0.03
0.05
0.10
0.25 0.33
0.80 0.13
2.23 25 44 5
1.5.5 48 20 15
16 3.3
8 3.1
0.10
0.10
0.33 0.13
1.56 0.14
1.73 47 26 10
2.28 61 7 14
8 2.9
8 3.3
M 1 12189 18,60 2.48 6.80 63.20 3.20 1.97 0.37 0.66 0,29 0.21 0.06
0.16
0.19
0.12
.,.
1.06
1.21
1.08
1.25
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.13
HIGH-EARLY STREXGTHPORTL,I.XmC~~E~TS IX TESTS BY HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD COMMITTEEox

MATERIALS AND COXSTRUCTIOX(PROC. H. R. B., v. 16, p. 135, 1936)
M1O12334 19.65 2.06 5.90 67.151 0,972.01 04200.350.37 0.111 0.10

Mll 12187 ,20.53 3,13 4,13 63.611 3.86,2.19 0.22 0.51,0.24 0.15, 0.04
2.2>-1 0.08
0.04
0.10 , 1.241 0.19
1.3.5 75
12 ~ 63.4
1.70 64 10 6 ~ lo 3.7
TVA TYPE B PORTL~XD.CE~EXT

116;13353 ;21.48~4.951 5.25 ;62.47 2.28;1,76: ,..
...
. ..1 ..1
II
...
..
0.89~ 0.12~ 1.42[ 441 29! 6 I 15;3.0
LOW-HEAT PORTLA.NDCEMENTS
43 12001
42 11991
36 11973
41 11990
23.12
26.64
22.13
21.78
5.10
1.84
5.46
5.68
4.93
2.96
5.62
5.11
60.59
63.55
58.52
58.74
0.98
1.82
3.50
4.90
1.74
1.63
1.76
1.66
,..
.
,..
..
,,.
.
..
...
,,.
.
...
.
.
.
..
...
..
.,.
0.13
0,09
0.15
0,16
1.80
0.90
1.33
1.02
25
29
19
26
47
55
49
43
5
5
6
4
17 3:0
17 2.8
1; ;.g
31
50
31
38
54
41
44
24
44
31
20
31
7
7
7
8
6
5
11 2.8
12 2.9
12 2.6
15 3.0
12 2.7
12 3.4
PORTLAND-POZZOLAX
CEMENTS
81 13128
58 12993
39 11950
84 13185
44 12468
27.04
32.28,
32.32
31.77
27,57
2.39
5.46
2.27
5.16
3.87
9.91
6.54
6.17
13.64
6.20
153.77
47.97
~50.93
41.93
,48.72,
1.94 0.73 .
1.78 1.47
.
1.61 1.lJ
.
2.05 1.96 . .
3.51 1.92 . . .
,.,
.. .
.
...
.,.
.. .
...
.
...
.
..
.
..
...
...
.,.
...
...
...
...
..
. .
.
.
0,13 0.33 +0.33

0.20 21.03 2.49
.,,
14.97 4.22
0.40 31.51 1.53
1.20 15.27 7.07
NEW YORK STATE EKPER1~E~TAL HIGFXWAYPORTLAND CEMEXTS

47 12804
61 13027
37 12749
79 13048
137 13389
62 13031
23.47
21.56
23.55
20.81
21.12
21.69
3.77
3.89
3.85
4.89
4.12
4.00
4.94
5.19
5.08
5.99
4.76
4.60
62.08
63.69
62.49
61.08
63.08
61.06
.
1.74 1.67 0.28 0.53 .
1.64 1.71 0.29 0.53 . . . .
. .
1.69 1;5s . .
2.92 1.74 0.46 0.67 0.27 0.20
.
.
~~~
2.77 1.60 .
4.51 2.02 0.30 0.s3 0.24 0.10
...
. .
.
0.06
.
oo05
...
...
.
0.06
.
0.04
0.17
0.43
...
0,32
1.67
0.40
0.11
0.11
0.14
0.07
0.10
0.18
1.24
1.20
0.79
1.13
1.83
1.05
168
H. F.
GOXXWRMAN,
W.
LERCH
TABLE
AND
T. M.
WHITESIDE
V.<o?tfi?tud
I
Majc;
Ce-
Potential
Compound
Composition-~.
Constituents%
Ref. yo;t
No.
Xo.
~EZ
59 13014
65 13039
63 13033
60 13026
105 13338
21.07
20.82
20.38
19.51
19.44
2.3$
2.47
2.2:
2.X
2.4?
YORK STATE EXPERIMENTAL HIGEWAY pORTLANn CEMENTS<Oftthued
7.51
7.48
6.87
6.95
6.67
61.79!
61.061
62.67
63.22
II64.33
2,98
2.87
3,33
3,17
2.61
1.75 0.54 0.79

1.82 0.57 0.81
1.70 0.440.65
1,85 0.42 0.70
2.05 . . . .
0.35
0.35
0.30
...
..
0.37 0,06
0.35 0.07
0,29 0,05
. . . ,.,
.. . ..
0,08
0.08
0.07
,..
...
0.41
0.42
1.19
0.78
1.92
~~~
0.06
...
..
3.95
0.74
1.54
...
0.17
0,13
0.20
0,28
0.13
1.00
1.06
1.66
1.26
1.11
32
31
46
54
60
361 16
36 16
24 14
16 14
10 14
7 3.0
7 3.0
7 2.9
8 3.2
7 3.3
NATURAL CEhEXTS
22.63 3.77 j-sb
5.64 1.5-! .,,
48.90
...
55 12992 20.85 1.9$ 5.26 33.5921.53 1,57 0,19 2.04 0.30
54 12991 22,97 3.64 5.95 33.05 ~20.26 1.66
,..
.
86 13196 23.23 3.59 5.51 34.66 <21.021..40 . . . ,.. . .
fj9113098
...
0.09
.. .
...
...
,,,
.
..
8.74 10.58
13.21 11.45
14.63 9.67
11.99 8.58
MISCELLANEOUSCEMENTS
45 12796
68 13043
88 13201
32.36
33.02
18.08
0.2410.29
0.29 9.76
1.90 5.77
47.73
47.65
57.72
1.59 0,08
2.43 0.08
3.29 1,83
...
,.,
...
...
...
...
...
,..
...
...
...
:::
...
..
:::
:::
.
0,29
.,.
3.99
2.94
9,77
FOXEXG~ CE~EiYTS
78113119 ~21.8S~0.46 1.91 169.19~1.3411.41 0.0510,1010.0610.05 0.06 Trace

38,12695 20.13 2.85 5.34* 62.40[ S.93 1.28 . . . . ..0.44
Ill
I
I
l
* Includes TiO~, etc.
9.03 0,29
1.65 0.13
3.84 83 . . .
1.62 57 14
4
9
1 2.4
9 2.2
Bulletins
Published
Research
Research
and
Development
Portland
Bulletin
3 Rate
41, No. 9, 48; No. 10, 46; No. 11, 42; No. 12,44 ( 1938); 42, No 1, 68; No.
Paste, Mortar and Concrete Treated

by T. C, POWERS;with an appendix by
of Sedimentation:
1. Non flocculated Suspensions of Uniform Spheres;
II. Suspensions
of Uniforrn.Size
Angular Particles;
111. Concentrated
Flocculated
Suspensions
of Powders; by HAROLDH. STEINOUR,October,
1944.
ReprintedfromIndustrial and Engineering Chemi8try, 36,618.840,901 (1944).
4 Further
H.
Studies
STEINOUR,
of the Bleeding
Deeember,
of Portland
Cement
Paste,
by
HAROLD
1945.
5- A Working
Hypothesis for Further Studies

1945.
crete, by T. C. POWERS, February,
Reprinted
Association
The Bleeding of Portland Cement

As a Special Case of Sedimentation,
L, A. DAHL, July, 1939.
Bulletin
the
of Phase Composition
of Clinker in the System 3Ca0. Si02.
l Estimation
Alz03*FezOa at Clinkering Temperatures, by
2Ca0. SiOt-3Ca0 AlzOt-4Ca0
L. A. DAHL, May, 1939.
Bulletin
Bulletin
Division
Cement
Reprinted from Rock Products,

2, 46; No. 4,50 (1939).
the
Department
of
Bulletin
by
from Journal of the American
of Frost Resistance
(February,
Concrete Institute
1945); Proceeding,
of Con41,245
(1945).
Bulletin 5ASupplement to Bulletin 5; Discussion of the paper A Working Hypothesis

for Further Studies of Frost Resistance of Concrete, by T. C. POWERS;
discussion by: RUTH D. TERZAGHI, DOUQLAS MCHENRY and H. W. BREWER,
A. R, COLLINS, and Author, March, 1946.
ReprintedfromJownalof the American Concrete In8titute Supplement (November, 1945); Proceeding,
41, 272-1 (1945).
Bulletin
6- Dynamic Testing
of Pavements,
Reprinted from Journal
Bulletin
7Equations
Resonant
oj the American
8Flexural
Vibration
9-Should
PICKETT,
April,
1945.
(April, 1945); Proceeding,
Portland
41, 473 (1945).
ikfateria18, 45,
Cylinders
and
846 (1945); discussion, 864.
Disks,
by
GERALD
1945,
of Applied
Cement
Phgmic8, 16, 820 (1945).
Be Dispersed?
Reprinted from Journat ojthe Amertian
Bulletin 10- Interpretation
Society for Testing
of Unrestrained
PICKETT, December,
%printed from Journal
Bulletin
GERALD
for Computing Elastic Constants from Flexural and Torsional

Frequencies of Vibration of Prisms and Cylinders, by GERALD
PICKE~T, September, 1945.

Reprintedfrom Proceedings, American
Bulletin
by
Concrete Institute
Concrete Institute
of Phase Diagrams
March,
1946.
Reprinted from The Journal
of Ph@cal
by T. C.
(November,
of Ternary
chemi8try,
POWERS, February,
194S); Proceedings,
1946,
42,117 (1945).
Systems, by L. A.
DAHL,
50, 96 (1946).
Bulletin 11Shrinkage Stresses in Concrete: Part lShrinkage (or Swelling), Its Effect
upon Displacements
and Stresses in Slabs and Beams of Homogeneous,
Isotropic, Elastic Material; Part 2Application of the Theory Presented
in Part 1 to Experimental
Results; by GERALD PICKETT, March, 1946,
42, 165, 361 (1946).
of the Amdcun
Concrete Institute
(January and February,
1946); Proceedings,
Bulletin
of Gypsum
on the Hydration
and
12 The Influence
Cement Pastes,
by WILLIAM LERCH, March,
1946.
Reprinted from Praceedinge,
American
Society for Testing Materiale,
Properties
of Portland
46, 1251 (1946).
Air-Entraining
Portland Cements or AirBulletin 13Tests of Concretes Containing
Entraining
Materials Added to Batch at Mixer, by H. F. GONNERMAN,
April, 1947.
also supplementary
608-1 (1944).
data
o.f the American Concrete Institute (June, 1944); Pmceedinge, 40, 477 (1944):
and anal ysis, reprinted from Supplement (November, 1944); Proceedinue, 40,
BuIIetin 14An Explanation of the Titration Values Obtained in the Merriman

Solubility Test for Portland Cement, by WILLIAM I.ERCH, March,
Reprinted
Bulletin
from ASTM
Bulletin,
No.
Sugar1947.
145, 62 (March, 1947).
15-The
Camera Lucida Method
for Measuring
Air Voids in Hardened
Concrete, by GEORGE J, VERBECK, May, 1947.
Repriu@dfrom Journal o/ the Amerknn Concrete Xnatitute (May, 1947); Proceeding, 43, 1025 (1947).
and Study of Apparatus

BuIletin 16 Development
of the Air Content
of Fresh Concrete,
Reprintad
from Journal of the American
and Methods
by CARLA.
Concrete Institute
for the Determination

MENZEL,
May,
(May, 1947); Proceedtnge,
1947.
43, 1053 (1947).
Bulletin 17The Problem of Proportioning

Portland Cement Raw Mixtures: Part I
A General View of the Problem; Part IIMathematical
Study of the Problem; Part IIIApplication
to Typical Processes; Part IVDirect Control
of Potential Composition, by L. A. DAHL, June, 1947.
Reprinted from Rock Prodwct8, 50, No. 1, 109; No. 2, 107; No. 3,92;No. 4,122(1947).
Bulletin 18The System CaO-SiOz-HzO and the Hydration

by HAROLD H. STEINOUR, June, 1947.
of the Calcium
Silicates,
Reprintedfrom Chemica[
Reuiews
40,391(1947).
for Determining
the Air Content
of Freshly-Mixed
BuIletin 19 Procedures
the Rolling and Pressure Methods, by CARL A. MENZEL, June,
Reprinted
from Prooeed{ng8, American
Society for Teeting
Bulletin 20-The Effect of Change in Moisture-Content

a Sustained Load, by GERALD PICKIOTT,
Reprinted from Journal of the American
Materials,
of the Amerkan
Concrete lrtdttute
47, 833 (1947).
1942); Proceeding,
on Shrinkage
(October,
Concrete Institute (Ootober-December,

43, 101, 249, 469, 649, 669, 845, 933 (1947).
BuIletin 23 Effect of Carbon Black and Black Iron Oxide on Air Content
of Concrete. by THOhiAS G. TAYLOR, May, 1948.
from Journal
oj the Amerknn
Concrete Institute
Air on Concretes Made with So-Called

1948.
Aggregates, by PAUL lKLIEGER, November,
BuIletin 25-A
of the American
Concrete institute
(October,
Paste,
1946; January-April,
and Durability
Sand-Gravel
1948); Praceedinqs,
Discussion
of Cement Hydration
in Relation
to the Curing
by T. C. POWERS, August, 1948.
Reprintedfrom Proceedings of tie Highway Research Board, 27, 1713(1947).
149 (1940.
(April,
1948); Proceedintts, ~, 613 (1940
BuIletin 24Effect of Entrained
~,
Cement
Reprinted from the Journal of the American
Reprinted
3% 333 (1942),
of Concrete
1947); l+medi~s,
Bulletin 22 Studies of the Physical Properties of Hardened Portland

by T. C. POWERS and T. L. BROWNYARD, March, 1948.
1947); Proceedtnos,
by
1947.
on the Creep of Concrete under
July, 1947.
Concrete Inetitute (February,
Bulletin 21Effect of Gypsum Content and Other Factors

194i.
Prisms, by GERALD PICKETT, October,
Reprinted from Jorwnd
Concrete
45, 149 (1949).
of Concrete,
13ulletin
26 Len@-Time
...
pris;s
Studv
four
of. Cemen.t
installments
of the
Perf orrnance
report
of this
in Concrete.
investigation,
This bulletin
by
com-
lYICMILLAN,
L. S. BROWN,
F.
R.
I. L. TYLER, W. C. HANSEN, WILLIAM LERCH, C. L. FORD, and

August,
1948.
194S); Proceedings,
Reprinted from Journal of the American Concrete Irutitute (February-May,
44.
441, 553, 743, 877 (194S).
Bulletin
27Determination
of the Air Content
of Mortars
by THOMAS G. TAYLOR, February,
1949
Reprinted
Bu12etin, No. 155,44 (December,
from ASTM
by the
from ASTM
Bulletin,
No. 157, 66
Method,
194S).
Method for the Direct Determination

Bulletin 28A Polarographic
in Portland Cement, by C, L. FORD and LORRAYNE LE
Reprinted
Pr&sure
of Aluminum
MAR,
April,
Oxide
1949
(March 1949).
Bulletin
Water Content
of Hardened
Portland-Cement
.Paste
29 The Nonevaporable
1ts Significance
for Concrete
Research
and Its Methods
of Determination, by T. C. POWERS, June, 1949.
Reprintedfrom ASTM Bulletin, No. W 68 (May 1949).
Bulletin
30 Long-Time
Study
of Cement
crete Exposed to Sulfate
Performance
in ConcreteChapter
Soils, by F. R. MCMILLAN,
T.
TYLER and W, C. HANSEN, December,

1949.
Reprinted from a Special Publication of the American Conmete Institute
Bulletin
31Studies
of Some Methods
of Avoiding
Associated
with the Alkali-Aggregate
ruary,
1950.
Reprinted from Specia2 Technical Publication
terials (1950).
Bulletin
E.
5. Con-
STANTON,
I. L.
(1949).
the Expansion
and Pattern Cracking
Reaction,
by WILLIAM LERCH, Feb-
No. 99, published
by American Society for Testing Ma-
Performance
in ConcreteChapter
6. The
32 Long -Time Stud y of Cement
Heats of Hydration
of the Cements, by GEORGE J. VERBECK and CECIL W.
FOSTER, October, 1949,
Reprintedfrom Proceedings, American Societv fm Testing Jfateriats, 50, 1235 (1950).
of Frost-Resistant
Bulletin 33 The Air Requirement
discussion by T, F. WILLIS.
Reprinted
Bulletin 34 Aqueous
from Pmeeedinge o! the Highwav
Cementitious
H. STEINOUR,
February,
Systems
Concrete, by T. C. POWERS;
Rewrch
Board,
Containing
29,184
Lime
(1949).
and Alumina,
by HAROLD
1951,
Bulletin
35 Linear Traverse Technique

for Measurement
of Air in Hardened
Concrete,
by L. S. BROWN and C. U. PIERSON, February, 1951.
Reprintedfrom Jowvwl o~the American Cowete Inetitute (october, 1950); Proceedings 47, 117 (1951).
Bulletin
by E. A. WHITEHURST, February, 1951.

36 Soniscope
Tests Concrete
Structures,
Reprintedfrom Journal oj the A mwican Concrete Inetilute (February, 1951); Proceedings, 47.433
(1951).
Bulletin
37 Dilatometer
Method for Determination
of Thermal
Coefficient
of Expansion
of Fine and Coarse Aggregate, by GEORGE J. VERBECK and WERNER E. HASS,
September, 1951.
Reprintedfrom Proceedings oj High~aw Research Board, 30, 187 (1951).
Bulletin 38LonTimeme Study of Cement Performance

York Test Road, by F. H. JACKSON and I. L.
Reprinted from Journal oj the American Cowete
Bulletin
7. New
(1951).
39 Changes in Characteristics
of Portland
Cement as Exhibited
by Laboratory
Tests Over the period 1904 to 1950, H. F. GONNERMAN and WILLIAM LERCH.
Reprinted from Special Publication
in Concrete-Chapter
TYLER, October, 1951.

Institute
(June, 1951); Proceedings, 47.773
No. 1%7 publiehed
by American Society for Testing Mat.
Bulletin 40 Studies of the Effect of Entrained

Air on the Strength
and Durability
of
Concretes
Made with Various
Maximum
Sizes of Aggregate,
by PAUL
KLIEGER,
July 1952.
Reprinted from Proceedings of the Highway
Research Boord, v, 31, 1952.
Bulletin 41Effect
of Settlement
of Concrete
C.4RL A. MEISZEL, November, 1952.
on Results
Bulletin 42An Investigation

of Bond, Anchorage
Concrete
Beams, by CARL A. MENZEL
Bulletin
and
and
of Pull-Out
Related
WILLIAM
Bond
Factors
Tests,
by
in Reinforced
M. WOODS, November,
19S2.
on the Long-Time Study of Cement Performance in ConReport

crete, by Advisory Committee of the Long-Time Study of Cement Performance
43TeYearar
in Concrete,
Reprinted
Bulletin 44The
R. F. Blanks, Chairman.
from Jowwd
Reactions
Temperature,
Reprinted
and
of the American
Concrete Institute
Thermochemistry
(March 1953); Proc., v, 49, 1953,601.
of Cement
by HARO~DH STEINouR,
from Third Internutionnl
Symposium on
the Chemistrg
Hydration
of Cement,
London,
at
Ordinary
September 1952.
Bulletin 45Investigations
of the Hydration
Expansion
Characteristics
of Portland
Cement,
by H. F. GONNERMAN, WILLIAM LERCH AND THOMAS M. WHITESIDE,
June, 1953.
..

Investigations of The Hydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements

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Research and Development Laboratories

Investigations of the Hydration

West Grand Ave., Chicago Io, IIL

and THOMAS M. WHITESIDE

One Day and 5 Years with Expansion of Companion Bars During

By H. F, GONNERM.AN1,WILLIAM LERCH2 AND THOMAS M. WHITES[DE3

l~olume stability is one of the most important characteristics

ing suitable tests for soundness has been

The literature on the testing of cement

H. F. GONNERMAN,W. LERCH AND T, M. IVHITESIDE

Soundness tests made under normal

from 3 to 5 hours and observed for

* ATumbersin parentheses refer to references at end of

*ASTJIspecifications permit the use of 1 by l-in.

HYDRATION EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS

mixture of cement and 5 to $ %

fect batch mixing. Single grains, which are

Fig. 1. (Left.) Free CaO in commercial portlanrl cement clinker.

HYDRATION EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS

PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE AUTOCLAVETEST

age of 24 hours and then tested for tensile

H. F. GONNERMAN,W. LERCH AND T, M. WHITESIDE

A bar of neat cement, 6 in. long by l-in.

showing a hydration expansion of 0.3 per

P,. 0, (.,,,. #,,

Test and Interpretations

Young. Journal American Concrete Institute Sept.-OctQ,1937, p. 13.

H. I?. GONNERMAN)\Y. LERCH AND T. M, \\-H~~ESIDE

Iihood that enclosed lime or magnesia grains

same degree of expansion. This is accounted

Mr. Fox also discussed the autoclave

drawn by Brown and

First, that the present ASTM steam

Since 1932 the PCA Fellowship at the

mercial and laboratory-prepared

HYDRATION EXPAXSION (k.kR.$cTERrsrlcs

Initial tests made in cooperation

Effect of Fineness, Composition and

9.7 15.0 +.0s0

7.9 10.8 +.003

. 032 . 026 .020

+2. 750 +1.820 +1.8W+1.800

. 082 .082 .100 .116

Lengtil Change of. 1-2 Mortar Bars During 7d.

+.650 +1.27 +1.65

970 12402860 4550 4830 6.WO 8.9,14.9 17.4 45

4(W 510 630.1290 . . 3060 17.8 20.1 30.0 . . .

700 930 20304030 4700643010.6 15.1 18.2 36

3d. 28d. 3d.a

Length Ci]ange of Neat Bars in Water TO

3d. 7d. 28d. 3m. 6m. lY. 3d. 28d. Iy.

Store<i in Water after Id. in Fixed Water Heat of Hydration cai.

Autociave 38803950 4!004200 53005730 9.1 9.5 9.3 43

Neat Cement Pastes in Seaicd Vials,

+.430 +.418 +.418 +.408~ +.3921 +.386

HYDR.iTION EXPANSION CH.\RXTERI STICS

Effect of Composition, Heat Treatment and Cooling on the Volume

In each group there were four cements

Calculated Potential Compound

Expansion during 5 hr. in

TABLE 2.TESTS OF THREE GROUPS OF LABORATORY-pREPARED

after fiexure test.