Structure II - Fall 2013

Tutorial 1: September 1, 2013 Modul 1 : Sentences and Clauses Modul 2: Conjunctions (Unit 1)

Rizki Amalia
rizkiamalia.za@gmail.com

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan

MODUL 1 : SENTENCES AND CLAUSES

Unit 1 : Clauses
A. Independent Clauses B. Dependent Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

Unit 1 : Clauses
A. Independent Clauses
Clause [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang memiliki subjek dan predikat.

Independent Clause (main clause): Kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang mempunyai subjek dan predikat dan dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap dan utuh.

Unit 1 : Clauses A. Independent Clauses

Rudy is my son. I know that boy. English is an international language. I have been to Singapore. We visited Kuta beach last year.

Unit 1 : Clauses B. Dependent Clauses

Dependent Clause (subordinate clause): Anak kalimat, mempunyai subjek dan predikat, tetapi tidak bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap karena tidak mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap. Menggunakan subordinate conjunctions: who, that, whether, if, when, until, after, although, because, since, whereas, before.

Unit 1 : Clauses B. Dependent Clauses

That he is a banker. If you go by bus or by train. After you arrive in Bali. Whereas Anita is diligent. Why he cried.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

Dependent Clause, dapat berfungsi sebagai Kata benda (noun clause) Kata sifat (adjective clause) Kata keterangan (adverbial clause)

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

1. Noun Clause Dapat berfungsi sebagai: Subjek Objek kata kerja atau preposisi Pelengkap

Subordinate conjunction yang digunakan: That, whether, if, what,....etc.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

1. Noun Clause as subject How he gets the money is his own affair. What they did does not concern me. 2. Noun Clause as transitive object I dont know where he lives. It is true that plants need water in order to live. 3. Noun Clause My question is why you did not come last night. My concern is how to pay the workers.
Karena sifatnya sebagai kata benda, noun clause bisa diganti dengan kata ganti it.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

2. Adjective Clause Berfungsi sebagai: Kata sifat (menerangkan kata benda) Relative pronouns yang digunakan: which,who, whom, whose....etc.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

2. Adjective Clause The boy who/that gave me the book is Mr.Anwars son. The car that he drives is very expensive. He gave the money to the man who had done the work. Here is the book which/that describes animals.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

3. Adverbial Clause Berfungsi sebagai: Kata kata keterangan (menjelaskan kata kerja, kata keterangan, atau seluruh kalimat) Relative pronouns yang digunakan: When, after, while, before, as soon as....etc.

Unit 1 : Clauses C. Types of Dependent Clauses

3. Adverbial Clause You may begin when you are ready. While he was walking home, he saw an accident. After she finished dinner, she went to bed. They sat down wherever they could find empty seats.

Unit 2 : Sentences
Sentence [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang yang memiliki subjek, predikat, dan mengekspresikan suatu informasi yang utuh.

A. Classification by Types B. Classification by the Number of Full Prediction

Unit 2 : Sentences A. Classification by Types

1. Declarative sentences (statement) Carol is happy. The child ate dinner. I have just bought the books.

Unit 2 : Sentences A. Classification by Types

2. Interrogative sentences (questions) Did the child eat his dinner? Is it your dictionary? Are you Surya?

Unit 2 : Sentences A. Classification by Types

3. Imperative sentences (commands and request) Stop that bus! Be quite, please! Help!

Unit 2 : Sentences A. Classification by Types

4. Exclamation sentences (exclamation) What a good dinner that was! What beautiful hair she has! How beautiful she is! How far his house is!

What + countable/uncountable noun How + adjective or adverb

Unit 2 : Sentences B. Classification by the Number of Full Prediction

1. Simple sentence Tedi bought a house. Ratih is happy. Ratih and Rita swim everyday. (compund subject) I like to swim and hike everyday. (compound predicate)

Unit 2 : Sentences B. Classification by the Number of Full Prediction

2. Compound sentence a) The rain fell, and the wind blew. b) I want to attend school, but my family needs me. c) He was tired, so he went to bed. d) The players tried their best to win; however, I do not expect them to win. e) Mr. Sujudi is the richest man in his town; moreover, he is very generous.
a) to c) : main clause + coordinate conjuction + main clause d) to e) : main clause + transition (; linking word,) + main clause

Unit 2 : Sentences B. Classification by the Number of Full Prediction

3. Complex sentence You should lock the doors before you leave the house. Although John is a good athlete, he does not spend too much time in sports. Since that happend a long time ago, I would not hold it again.

Unit 2 : Sentences B. Classification by the Number of Full Prediction

4. Compound complex sentence Although the farmers always work long hours, they seem to enjoy their work, and they usually have a long time rest during the dry season. Some people fell on other people, and some people landed on the floor when the bos stopped abruptly.

MODUL 2: CONJUNCTIONS (UNIT 1)

Conjunctions
Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions Unit 2 Subordinate Conjunctions Unit 3 Correlative Conjunctions

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions B. Functional Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions and but or yet so for

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions
Anton and Tony. Wind, earth, or fire. Slipped and fell. Listen, write, or read. Tall and slim. Stupid but pretty. Slowly and carefully. Late or early. [nouns] [nouns] [verbs] [verbs] [adjectives] [adjectives] [adverbs] [adverbs]

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions Joining Words Anton and Tony fought each other. Is she laughing or crying? That blond girl is pretty, sexy, but stupid. The thief moved quickly and quitely.

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions Joining Phrases My mother, my eldest sister, and my little brother look alike. Is he typing his English report or playing games on the computer? He spends his free time to play the piano, compose music, and writing poetry. Is Juno here on vacation or on business?

Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions Joining Clauses I dont know when he left town, or why he wanted to do so. I will go with you after I have finished my work, or after I have my lunch. Nothing will change if you tell him now and then leave or if you just leave without telling him anything.