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Title of practice: Osmosis between sucrose and water Introduction For the cell to work efficiently, it must be kept

stable, this is known as homeostasis. To maintain this balance there exists mechanisms for selective transport of materials called membranes which are selectively permeable, allowing the passage of some substances or particles (molecules, atoms, or ions), and preventing the passage of others. This selectivity is due to the double layer of membrane phospholipids. The manner in which the molecules pass through the membrane depends in part on the polarity in each one. Hydrophobic molecules, or non-polar, relatively free pass through the layer of lipid molecules while hydrophilic or polar, including water, and larger molecules pass through channels formed by carrier proteins. The regulation of the transport of molecules, or the moving direction depends on its concentration gradient (the difference in concentration between the two locations).

The molecules move constantly due to their kinetic energy and spread evenly into the available space. This movement, called Brownian motion, is the driving force of diffusion.

Diffusion is defined as the natural movement of the particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to achieve a dynamic balance in which the particle motion is zero net. There exist two kinds of diffusions: passive and active transport, but the experiment only consisted on passive transport. Passive transport is a transport mechanisms by which the substances move across the cell passing through the plasma membrane and does not requires energy. Osmosis is a passive transport and it is defined as a passive

movement, or diffusion of water molecules across a partially membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

The objective of the following practice is to study how osmosis occurs, in two plastics that worked as membranes, adhere certain amount of sucrose to the plastics and weight them, then immersion the plastics in distilled water and after certain time take the plastics out and weight the semi permeable membranes again.

Problem/Research question What changed the experiment was the concentration of sucrose that was added in the plastic bag (0.5 M, 1.5 M and 2M) they were submerged by 15 minutes in a 15mil solution of distilled water. The research question is: What would happen if a membrane with concentration solution sucrose of 0.5 M, 1.5 M and 2M is submerged in a 15 ml solution of distilled water during 15 minutes? The hypothesis is: If the concentration solution of sucrose in the membrane is changed, after 15 minutes of been submerged in a 15ml solution of water, the weight of them will change because osmosis will occur.

Variables There are 3 main factors that can prove the osmosis activity and they are: sucrose, distilled water, and semi-permeable membranes; these three factors will be controlled during all the experiment as can be seen in the following table:
Table 1 Variables involved

Type of variable Independent Variable

Variable Distilled water

Units ml

Control Method Distilled water will be the solute that will be in contact with the membrane (sucrose substance)

inside a beaker with 50 ml of distilled water.

Dependent Variable

Weight of the Grams membrane

The weight of the membrane will be monitored during all the

experiment with a balance.

Controlled Variable

Sucrose

The amount of M will be controlled when doing the semi-permeable membrane with sucrose. Sucrose will be used with a concentration of 2 M. The quantity of sucrose of the semi-permeable membrane will be controlled, to control the amount of the initial solute inside the

membrane. Temperature Celsius Room temperature

Hypotonic environment

--------- The membrane is hypotonic to the amount of distilled water

Materials 2 Semi-permeable membranes (dialysis bag and string or rubber bands laboratory) Blotting paper 1 Test tube rack 1 Test tube Beaker (distilled water 50 ml) Beaker (distilled water 50 ml) Beaker (sucrose 2 M, 50 ml) Laboratory balance Reactants Sucrose 2 M, 50 ml Distilled water 100 ml

Picture or diagram of lab setup


Setup

Blotting paper to dry the membrane

Semi-permeable membrane with 15 ml of sucrose

Balance

Sucrose 50 ml

Sucrose 15 ml

Distilled water 50 ml

Methodology/Procedure Based on the reaction of osmosis, the method was designed to measure weight, the change of the membrane, to measure the quantity of distilled water that has passed through the membrane. The following is the procedure that was used for the experiment: 1. First the semi-permeable membrane was dried (dialysis bag) with a blotting paper. 2. Then the knots in one of their corners were made. 3. 15 ml of the sucrose solution were measured from the beaker (50 ml of sucrose) using the test tube. 4. The solution from the test tube was added to the semi-permeable membrane. 5. Then the other side of the membrane was closed carefully, leaving no air inside it. 6. Then it was dried and measured, and with the balance the initial weight was recorded in the chart. 7. Afterwards, the membrane was introduced inside a beaker with 50ml of distilled water. 8. After a time of 10 minutes, the membrane was taken out of the sucrose and was dried with perfection, and afterwards recorded in the chart. 9. Next, the membrane with sucrose is located inside the beaker, with distilled water again. 10.The entire list of steps was repeated with the second membrane.

Raw data In the following tables the raw data collected from the experiments will be represented. The tables contain the weight of the membranes that was taken in the initial time (without dipping the membranes in distilled water) and after 15 minutes (submerged in distilled water). In the table it will be also the quantity and molarity of Sucrose in each membrane and in some cases the distilled water, the others didnt collect it. The weight was recorded with a balance uncertainty of 0.5 g.
Tables
Shows the data recorded by the membrane in the initial time, and after 15 minutes submerged in distilled water.

Table 2 Molarity 0.5 Sample 1 Time Sucrose Membranes (minutes) (molarity) weight (grams) 0 0.5 15.82 15 0.5 16.5 Table 3 Molarity 1.5 Sample 3 Time Sucrose Membranes (minutes) (molarity) weight (grams) 0 1.5 16.5 15 1.5 19.2 Table 4 Molarity 2 Sample 5 Time Sucrose Membranes (minutes) (molarity) weight (grams) 0 2 19.3 15 2 23.5

Membranes weight (grams) 16.2 16.8

Distilled water (mL) 17.8 17.9

Sample 2 Sucrose Membranes Membranes (molarity) weight weight (grams) (grams) 0.5 15.4 14.5 0.5 15.7 14.9

Distilled water (mL) 15.5 15.7

Membranes Distilled weight water (grams) (mL) 19.4 22.1

Sample 4 Sucrose Membranes Membranes Distilled (molarity) weight weight water (grams) (grams) (mL) 1.5 16.9 17.5 1.5 19.1 18.5

Membranes Distilled weight water (grams) (mL) 18.3 21.8

Processed data presentation With the data obtained we are able to calculate the difference in grams. The following table shows the initial and final mass of each membrane and in some cases the mass of the distilled water. The mass released obtained during the 15 minutes and the mass before the 15 minutes show the difference of the mass during the process, obtained with the formula Difference= (mass after 15 minutes)-(mass 0 minutes) For example; using the first data in the table 2 Molarity 0.5 of the experiment with the data collected, substitute the data in the formula: ( ) ( ) you obtain 0.68 grams of difference between the initial membrane and the final membrane, because a quantity of distilled water was adhering to the membrane during the 15 minutes . The same calculus was done with the data obtained from all the trials.
Tables Show the difference in the initial and final mass of each of the membranes of the experiment showing every trial Table 5 Molarity 0.5 (Difference) Sample 1 Time Sucrose Membranes Membranes (minutes) (molarity) weight weight (grams) (grams) 0 0.5 15.82 16.2 15 0.5 16.5 16.8 Difference 0.68 0.6

Distilled water (mL) 17.8 17.9 0.1

Sample 2 Sucrose (molarity)

Membranes weight (grams) 0.5 15.4 0.5 15.7 Difference 0.3

Membranes weight (grams) 14.5 14.9 0.4

Distilled water (mL) 15.5 15.7 0.2

Table 6 Molarity 1.5 (Difference) Sample 3 Sample 4 Time Sucrose Membranes Membranes Distilled Sucrose (minutes) (molarity) weight weight water (molarity) (grams) (grams) (mL) 0 1.5 16.5 19.4 1.5 15 1.5 19.2 22.1 1.5 Difference 2.7 2.7 Difference

Membranes weight (grams) 16.9 19.1 2.2

Membranes Distilled weight water (grams) (mL) 17.5 18.5 1

Table 7 Molarity 2 (Difference) Sample 5 Time Sucrose Membranes (minutes) (molarity) weight (grams) 0 2 19.3 15 2 23.5

Membranes Distilled weight water (grams) (mL) 18.3 21.8

Difference 4.2

3.5

Graph 1 Molarity 0.5 Show the mass during the 0 minutes and 15 minutes
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 minutes 15 minutes

0.5 M

0.5 M

Distilled water

0.5 M

0.5 M

Distilled water

Graph 2 Molarity 1.5 Show the mass during the 0 minutes and 15 minutes
25

20

15

0 minutes 15 minutes

10

1.5 M

1.5 M

1.5 M

1.5 M

10

Graph 3 Molarity 2 Show the mass during the 0 minutes and 15 minutes
25

20

15

O minutes 15 minutes

10

0 2M 2M

As it can be seen from the graphs the difference between the 0 minutes and 15 minutes changed because of molarity. The molarity of sucrose acts in a regular way, more molarity more difference of membranes mass, less molarity less difference of membranes mass. The mass change because of the hypertonic environment, the membrane with sucrose was hypertonic to the distilled water. Then osmosis occur diffusion of water molecules (distilled water) across a partially membrane (dialysis bag or rubber bags laboratory), from a region of lower solute concentration (distilled water) to a region of higher solute concentration (15 mL of sucrose inside the membrane). Conclusion and evaluation

It is clear that an empirical lab practice with a good methodology will always be successful, and that is in fact something this experiment had, in its planning and

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in its materials, it was almost perfect, except for a few details that could be improved for further lab practices.

First of all, the lack of knowledge of how to use the lab equipment, this is not a fault of the teacher or the biology academy, but still, not taking in consideration that some students lack the knowledge is something plain absurd.

This experimental practice was, even though the team lack of experience and knowledge in the lab, a success, due to the results obtained throughout the investigation and research and the correction of mistakes.

The hypothesis was support with the data obtained: a bag containing a certain quantity of sucrose, when put inside a beaker with water, will deploy osmosis, and thus distilled water will enter the membrane. This is verified by taking measures on the weight of the bag, before and after putting it into water; the difference between the data will (and actually did) prove that the process known as osmosis happened within the laboratory parameters. References Peeters, Minka., Talbot, Christopher, and Mayhofer Antony. Biology International Baccalaureate. Australia: IBID Press, 2007. Print

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