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Chapter 11 Geometrical Construction

Construction 1. To construct a tangent to a circle at a point P on it without using the centre of the circle. Procedure: -

1. A chord PQ through P is drawn. 2. Any point R is taken on the major arc PQ. PR and QR are joined. 3. Equal to is constructed. PX is required tangent to the circle at P.

Construction 2. To construct a tangent to circle from a point P outside the circle using its centre O. Procedure:-

1. OP is joined and is bisected at M. 2. Taking M as centre and MO as radius a semicircle is drawn which intersect the given circle at Q. 3. PQ is the required tangent from P to the circle. Construction 3. To construction a tangent to a circle from a point out side the circle without using its centre. Procedure:-

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

A secant PAB to the circle is drawn. PB is bisected at M. Taking M as a centre and PM as a radius, a semicircle is drawn. Through A is drawn perpendicular to AB which intersect the semicircle at C. Taking P as centre and PC as radius, arcs are drawn to intersect the given circle at Q and R. 6. PQ and PR are joined which is the required tangent. Construction 4. To construct incircle of a triangle ABC whose sides are BC = a, CA = b and AB = c. Procedure:-

1. Triangle ABC in which BC = a, CA = b and AB = c is constructed. 2. BM and CN is constructed angle bisectors of which intersect at I. 3. is drawn 4. Taking I as centre and IL as radius, circle is drawn. This is the required incircle. Construction 5. To construct a circumcircle of a triangle ABC where a = BC, b = CA and c = AB. Proceture:-

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1. A triangle ABC is constructed with BC = a, CA = b and AB = c. 2. Perpendicular bisector PQ of BC and RS of CA is constructed. They intersect at O. 3. Taking O as centre and OC as a radius circle is drawn which passes through A, B and C. Exercise - 22 1. From a point P on the circle of radius 4cm, draw a tangent to the circle without using the centre. Also write steps of construction. 2. Draw a circle of radius 4.5cm. Take a point P on it. Construct a tangent at the point P without using the centre of the circle. Write the steps of construction. 3. Draw a circle of radius 5cm. Take a point P on it. Without using the centre of the circle, construct a tangent at the point P. Write the steps of construction also. 4. Draw a circle of diameter 12cm. From a point P, 10cm away from its centre, construct a pair of tangent to the circle. Measure the lengths of the tangent segments. 5. Draw a circle of radius 5cm. from a point P, 7cm away from its centre, construct a pair of tangents to the circle. Measure the length of the tangent segments. 6. Draw a circle of radius 7cm. From a point P, 8cm away from its centre, Construct a pair tangents to the circle. Measure the length of the tangent segments. 7. Draw a right angled triangle ABC with AB = 4.5cm, AC = 7.5cm and . Construct its incircle. Write the steps of construction. 8. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 13cm, CA = 5cm and AB = 12cm. Draw its incircle and measure its radius. 9. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 3cm, BC = 4cm and AC = 5cm. Draw the circumcircle of triangle ABC. 10. Construct the circumcircle of an equilateral triangle with side 6cm. Write the steps of construction. and the Construction 6. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, attitude through A is 4.5cm. Measure the length of median through A. Write the steps of construction. Procedure:-

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1. BC = 6cm is drawn and

is made downwards with BC of any length.

2. is drawn 3. Perpendicular bisector RQ of BC is drawn which cut BC at M. and intersect BE at O. 4. Taking O as centre and OB as radius, a circle is drawn. 5. ML = 4.5cm is cut from RQ. 6. A line XY, parallel to BC is drawn through L to intersect the circle at A and A'. AB, AC, AB and AC are joined. ABC and ABC are the required triangle Medium AM = A'M = 5.5cm (app.) and median Construction 7. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 5cm, AD through A is of length 3.5cm. Also, determine the length of the altitude drawn from A on the side BC (Write the steps of construction also). Procedure:-

1. BC = 5cm is drawn and is constructed downwards. 2. BX is drawn perpendicular to BY.

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

PQ is drawn perpendicular bisector if BC intersecting BX at O and cutting BC at E. Taking O as a centre and OB as radius, a circle is drawn. Taking E as centre and radius equal to 3.5cm, arc is drawn to cut the circle at A. AC and AB are joined AD is drawn perpendicular to BC from A to cut BC at D. By measuring we find that AD = 3cm. to a equilateral with side 5cm such that Also draw the circumcircle of

Construction 8. Construction a

each its sides is 6/7th of the corresponding side of . Procedure:-

1. A ray QX is drawn making any angle with QR and opposite to P. 2. Starting from Q, seven equal line segments QQ1, Q1R2, Q2Q3, Q3Q4, Q4Q5, Q5Q6, Q6Q7 are cut of from QX. 3. RQ7 is joined and a line CQ6 is drawn parallel to RQ4 to intersect QR at C. 4. Line CA is drawn parallel to PR. ABC is the required triangle. Construction 9. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, and median AD = 5cm. Also construct another triangle BPQ similar to triangle BCA such that the side BP = 3/2BC. Procedure:-

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1. A line segment BC of length 6cm is drawn. At B, is drawn on downwards. At B, is drawn Perpendicular bisector of BC is drawn which intersect BY at O and BC at D. Taking O as a center and OB as a radius a circle passing through B and C is drawn. Taking D as a centre and radius 5cm an arc is drawn to intersect the circle at A. AB and AC are joined. The required triangle is ABC. Taking C as centre and CD as radius an arc is drawn to intersect BC produced at P such that BP = 3/2BC. 9. Through P, PQ is drawn parallel to CA meeting BA produced at Q. 10. BPQ is the required triangle similar to triangle BCA. Consyruction 10. Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 2.5cm, BC = 3.5cm, AC = 4.2cm, CD = 3.5cm and AD = 2.5cm. Construct another quadrilateral ABCD with diagonal AC = 6.3cm such that it is similar to quadrilateral ABCD. Procedure:2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1. A line segment Ac = 4.2cm is drawn. 2. With A as a centre and radius 2.5cm, two arcs, one above AC and one below AC are drawn. 3. With C as centre and radius 3.5cm, two arcs arc drawn intersecting previous arcs at B and D.

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4. AB, AD, BC and CD are joined ABCD is the required quadrilateral. 5. Taking A as a centre and radius 6.3cm an arc is drawn to intersect AC produced at C. 6. Through C, CB and CD are drawn parallel to CB and CD respectively. ABCD is the required quadrilateral similar to ABCD. Exercise - 23 1. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 5cm, from A on BC is of length 3,5cm. 2. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7cm, 3.7cm. How many such triangles are possible. 3. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 4cm, 3cm. Also write the steps of construction. and the altitude drawn and attitude through A is and altitude through A is

4. Construction a triangle ABC with AB = 4.4cm, and the median through C is of length 3.2cm. Also, find the length of the altitude drawn from the vertex C on AB. and the median through A 5. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, is 5,5cm. Find the length of altitude drawn on BC from A. Write the steps of construction. 6. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, 7. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, is 4.5cm. Measure the length of median through A. 8. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6.4cm, 5cm. How many such triangles are possible? and median AD = 4.5cm. and the altitude through A and median AD =

9. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, and the median from A on BC = 5cm. How many such triangles are possible? 10. Construct a triangle ABC similar to a give triangle PQR with QR = 6cm, PQ = PR = 5cm. Such that each of its side is 6/7th of the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR. Also draw the circumcircle of triangle ABC. 11. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 5cm, and altitude CD = 3cm. Construct a triangle AQR similar to triangle ABC such that each side of triangle AQR is 1.5 times that of the corresponding side of triangle ABC. 12. Construct a triangle ABC with BC = 6cm, and median AD through A is 5cm long. Construct a triangle ABC similar to triangle ABC with BC = 8cm. 13. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6.5cm, m and median through A is 4.5cm construct a triangle ABC similar to triangle ABC with BC = 8cm. 14. Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 3cm, AD2.7cm, DB = 3.6cm, and BC = 4.2cm. Construct a quadrilateral ABC D similar to quadrilateral ABCD is which diagonal DB is of length 4.5cm 15. Draw any quadrilateral ABCD. Construct another quadrilateral ABCD similar to the each side equal to 4/5th of the corresponding side of quadrilateral ABCD. 16. Construct a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD where AB = 3cm, BC = 6cm, CA = 4cm.

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and AD = 2cm, Also construct a quadrilateral similar to ABCD whose sides are 1.5 times the corresponding sides of ABCD. 17. Draw a line segment of length 10cm and divide it (i) internally and (ii) externally in the ration 3 : 4.

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