CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

EXPERIMENT 3 : Deflection Of Simply Supported Beam and Cantilever Beam Cantilever Beam A cantilever beam anchored at only one and. The beam carries the load to the support where it is resisted by moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing. Cantilever can also be constructed with slabs. In cantilever bridges, the cantilever are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a control section. Cantilever beam design used to create the floating or hovering effect. This is used to create of a bay window, balconies, and some bridges. The weight load is spread back to the main beams of the structure in the cantilever beams and allowing a portion of the structure to go beyond the supported perimeters of the structure foundation. OBJECTIVE : 1. This experiment examine the deflection of a cantilever subjected to an increasing point load. 2. To determine the modulus of elasticity of the beam and what the material the beam is made of using beam deflection. THEORY: Macaulays methods The application of a double integration method to a beam subjected to a discontinuous load leads to a number of bending equations and their constants. The derivation of the deflection curve by this method is tedious to say the least. We therefore use a step function which is more commonly known as Macaulays method. The method of solution requires only one equation for the entire beam and thus only two constants of integration. The step function is a function of x of the form f(x) = such that for x < a, f(x) = . The important feature to note is that

if the quantity inside the square brackets becomes negative we omit it from any subsequent analysis. Care must be taken to retain the identity of the square bracket term under integration. For mathematical continuity where we have a distributed load we added to the problem in order to obtain a solution. Three common step functions for Bending Moment are shown below:

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

Notes: As well as the information given on the backboard you will need the following formula : M aximum deflection = WL3 / 48EI Where : W = load [N] L = distance from supports to support [m] E = Youn modulus for cantilever material [Nm-2] I = Second of the cantilever [m]

Mass (grams) 100 200 300 400 500

Loads (Newton) 0.98 1.96 2.94 3.92 4.90

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

APPARATUS:

Digital Dial Test Indicator

Steel Ruler

Venire Gauge

Aluminium Bar

Brass Bar

Steel Bar

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

Load and Hanger PROCEDURE: i. Using a venire gauge, measure the width and depth of the aluminium, brass and steel test beams. ii. Record the value next to the results table for each material and use them to calculate the second moment of are, I. iii. iv. v. Remove any clamps and knife edges from the backboard. Set up one of the cantilevers. Slide the digital dial test indicator to the position on the beam and lock it using the thumbnut at the rear. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. Slide a knife edge hanger to the position. Tab the frame lightly and zero the digital dial test indicator using by origin button. Apply masses to the knife edge hanger in the increments. Record the digital dial test indicator reading for each increment of mass. Repeat the procedure for the two materials ( brass bar and steel bar) and fill in a new table.

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

Part 1

200mm

200mm

Figure : simply supported beam set-up and schematic (fixed beam variable load) Part 2

200mm

# RESULT : For experiment fixed beam length variable load and cantilever beam

Beam 1 : Aluminium Material E value : I: Width b : Depth d : mm

Mass (Grams) 0 100 200 300 400 500

Actual Deflection (mm)

Theoretical Deflection (mm)

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

Beam 2 : Brass Material E value : I: Width b : mm Depth d : mm

Mass (Grams) 0 100 200 300 400 500

Actual Deflection (mm)

Theoretical Deflection (mm)

Beam 3 : Steel Material E value : I: Width b : mm Depth d : mm

Mass (Grams) 0 100 200 300 400 500

Actual Deflection (mm)

Theoretical Deflection (mm)

JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH

CC205~LAB MECHANIC OF STRUCTURE

CALCULATION : Calculate for all the materials . E aluminium = Convert GN/ N/

a) Find the Second of the cantilever, I = b) Find the Deflection =

(simply supported beam) and (cantilever beam)

100 g = . 200 g = . 300 g = .. 400 g = . 500 g = .. DISCUSSION : 1. Comment on the relationship between mass and the beam deflection. 2. Is there a relationship between the gradient of the line for each and the modulus of the material? 3. Does the equation accurately predict the behaviour of the beam? 4. Why it is a good idea to tap the frame each beam time we take a reading from the digital dial test indicator? 5. Name at least three practical application of a cantilever STR. CONCLUSION : REFERENCE :
JKA, POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH