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Especialista de hoje: Marcio Ferreira, HTE do Focused Techinical Services da Cisco Brasil.
Marcio Ferreira
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Especialista ajudante de hoje: Rafael Lima, Engenheiro HTTS do TAC da Cisco Brasil.
Rafael Lima
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Durante a apresentao, sero feitas algumas perguntas para o pblico. D suas respostas, participe!
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a) b) c) d)
Bsica. J tive alguns contatos, porm no entendo muito sobre a soluo em si. Eu tenho conhecimento avanado, porm utilizo o time do TAC em muitos casos. Estou em processo de aprendizado. No tenho ideia sobre esta soluo.
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Marcio Ferreira
Data: 18/06/2013
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Objetivos Conceitos Bsicos Como funciona? Vizinhanas Gerao de Prefixos Seleo do Melhor Caminho
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Interior Gateway Protocol Protocolo utilizado dentro de um Sistema Autnomo (AS) A principal funo de um IGP convergncia rpida da
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10
Sistema Autnomos
Disassociado do IGP EGP utilizado atualmente na Internet o BGP verso 4
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11
Escalabilidade Hierarquia Isolar flooding peridico de IGPs Isolar instabilidades de rede Suporte a polticas de Rede Complexas Controlar acessibilidade a prefixos Unir organizaes separadas Conectar mltiplos IGPs
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12
Interior Descobrimento automtico de vizinhos Roteadores internos possuem informao completa da tabela de rotas Exterior Vizinhos configurados estaticamente Conexo com redes externas Demarcao de limites administrativos
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14
Vizinhana
Anncio eBGP
C
Anncio iBGP
AS 100
B
AS 101
D
Anncio eBGP
AS 102
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15
filtragem de rotas e manipulao de atributos para influenciar no processo de escolha do melhor caminho.
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16
utiliza
Paradigma de roteamento hop-by-hop
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17
Sesso utiliza conexo TCP (porta 179) Troca da tabela completa aps inicializao da
vizinhana
Updates incrementais
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Quantos caminhos o BGP pode considerar como melhor caminho para um prefixo?
a)
b)
c) d)
2
3 Depende da configurao de Multipath BGP
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19
20
conectados
Configurao:
Router B
router bgp 110 network 150.10.0.0 neighbor 131.108.10.1 remote-as 109 Router A router bgp 109 network 131.108.0.0 neighbor 131.108.10.2 remote-as 110
AS 109
A 131.108.0.0/16 . 1 131.108.10.0/24
AS 110
.2 B 150.10.0.0/16
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ISP
Utilizar <ebgp-multihop>
Configurar interfaces loopbacks nos dois
AS 500
Loopback0 5.5.5.5
roteadores
Configurar um IGP (geralmente rota esttica)
A
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
B
Loopback 0 3.3.3.3
AS 201
22
AS 100
D
E
Vizinhos BGP dentro do mesmo AS No precisam estar diretamente conectados Vizinhos iBGP devem falar todos BGP entre si (full
mesh)
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A
131.108.20.2
Configurao:
Router B
131.108.20.1
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24
Utilizando <update-source>
Configurao:
Router B
131.108.30.2
131.108.20.1
router bgp 109 neighbor 131.109.30.2 remote-as 109 neighbor 131.109.30.2 update-source loop0
Router A
router bgp 109 neighbor 131.108.20.1 remote-as 109 neighbor 131.108.20.1 update-source loop0
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25
e eBGP
AS 400
F
Ntwk-X
eBGP
Ntwk-X
iBGP
AS 100
A
Ntwk-X Ntwk-X
AS 200
B C D
Ntwk-X
AS 300
E
eBGP
iBGP
iBGP
eBGP
AS 200
C D
AS 300
E
eBGP
iBGP
iBGP
eBGP
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AS 109
131.108.0.0/16 109.1.1.2 B .1 131.108.10.0/30
iBGP
NEXT_HOP anunciado pelo eBGP IGP carrega informao de como alcanar NEXT_HOPs route lookup recursivo
AS 110
C 150.10.0.0/16
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29
Gerando Anncios
1. Redistribuio dinmica do IGP
Nem sempre a melhor opo
Pode anunciar redes privadas (redes que no deveriam ser conhecidas pela Internet)
Requer configuraes cuidadosas de filtragem de rotas Caso um prefixo no esteja na tabela do IGP este para de ser anunciado Mais utilizado em cenrios PE-CE
30
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Gerando Anncios
2. Redistribuio de rotas estticas apontando para Null0
Mesmo que os prefixos estejam fora do IGP as redes so anunciadas Configurados nos roteadores de peering Internet
Exemplo:
router bgp 109 redistribute static ! ip route 198.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 null0
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31
network
Redes originadas pelo roteador local Rota deve existir no IGP
Entrada dinmica ou esttica/conectada na tabela de roteamento
Exemplo: !
router bgp 109 network 200.10.10.0 network 198.10.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 !
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network 10.0.0.0
isto ir funcionar desde que voc tenha esta rota especfica em sua tabela de roteamento IGP.
mesmo que voc tenha esta rota especfica em sua tabela de roteamento IGP.
isto ir funcionar desde que voc tenha esta rota especfica em sua tabela de roteamento IGP.
33
vizinho externo no deve ser anunciada para outros vizinhos eBGP at que todos os roteadores no AS local tenham aprendido esta rota.
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690
A
B
1880
??
C
209
D E
Router-A anuncia rede 20.0.0.0/8 via eBGP para Router-B. Router-B anuncia esta mesma rota via iBGP para Router-D. Este passo no ocorreria com Router-C no fala BGP ento no aprende esta rota. Sincronizao. Router-D anuncia a rota via eBGP para o Router-E. Se pacotes do AS-209 chegam no AS-1880 com um IP de destino 20.x.x.x estes sero dropados pelo Router-C. Rede de transito quebrada!
35
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Sincronizao desligada por default no IOS atualmente Por que desligar? rede no faz transito para outras redes externas todos os roteadores no caminho rodam BGP Vantagens de desligar? menos rotas no IGP convergncia mais rpida do BGP(no precisa perder tempo checando tabela do IGP)
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37
so utilizados para escolha do melhor caminho. Estes atributos tambm podem ser configurados localmente e aplicados ao recebimento do prefixo.
Alguns Atributos devem ser sempre enviados quando
gerado um update BGP -> AS_PATH, ORIGIN, NEXT_HOP Alguns Atributos no devem ser enviados (so significantes localmente apenas). Alguns atributos recebidos podem ou no ser encaminhados aos vizinhos BGP.
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500 400
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 (200 400 500)
Este caminho vlido?
200
AS 100
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39
500 400
10.0.0.0/8
10.0.0.0/8 (300 500) 10.0.0.0/8 (200 400 500)
200
300
Qual o melhor caminho?
AS 100
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40
1 Somente considerar rotas com NEXT_HOPs Well-Known vlidos Mandatory 2 No considerar caminho iBGP caso no esteja sincronizado
500
D
200
400
C
10.0.0.0/8
B Eu somente posso utilizar esta rota se eu possuo rota IGP para 1.1.1.1
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1.1.1.1
AS 100
41
Somente considerar rotas com vlidos NEXT_HOPs 2 No considerar caminho iBGP caso no esteja sincronizado 3 Maior WEIGHT
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Proprietrio Cisco Local ao roteador: No propagado valor: 0 65535 Weight maior preferido sobre weight menor Default: originado localmente = 32768 outro = 0 Pode ser configurado via mltiplas maneiras
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43
690
1755
1880
200
777
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44
1 Somente considerar rotas com vlidos NEXT_HOPs 2 No considerar caminho iBGP caso no esteja sincronizado 3 Maior WEIGHT Well-Known 4 Maior LOCAL_PREF Discretionary
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45
desejveis (default = 100) bgp default local-preference valor No propagado para fora do AS
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46
690
1755
1880
777
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47
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48
1 Somente considerar rotas com vlidos NEXT_HOPs 2 No considerar caminho iBGP caso no esteja sincronizado 3 Maior WEIGHT 4 Maior LOCAL_PREF 5 Preferir rota originada localmente
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49
500
400
200
100 600
10.0.0.0/8 C Update OSPF 10.0.0.0/8
Roteador A prefere sua prpria rota BGP 10.0.0.0/8 gerada localmente via comando network.
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50
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Somente considerar rotas com vlidos NEXT_HOPs 2 No considerar caminho iBGP caso no esteja sincronizado 3 Maior WEIGHT 4 Maior LOCAL_PREF 5 Preferir rota originada localmente Well-Known 6 Menor AS_PATH Mandatory
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52
se alcanar um prefixo
100 9000 200 1882 (AS_SEQUENCE)
50.50.50.0/24
1882
A
200
B
50.50.50.0/24 1882
9000
C D
100
E
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53
Deteco de Loops
1882
50.50.50.0/24
LOOP!
50.50.50.0/24 1882
200
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54
.
Well-Known Mandatory
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Origem do prefixo
Valores: IGP (i) = via comando network EGP (e) = aprendido via EGP incomplete (?) = redistribuio
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56
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58
690
1755 D
1880 209
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59
7 Menor cdigo ORIGIN: 8 Menor Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) 9 Preferir um caminho Externo sobre Interno
500
400 10.0.0.0/8 200
100 50.50.50.0/24 1882 Roteador B prefere o caminho via Roteador C para chegar a rede 10/8
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60
12 Menor Router-ID - Originator-ID considerado para rotas refletidas 13 Menor Cluster-List - Cliente deve estar ciente de atributos dos RR! 14 Menor endereo IP do vizinho
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62
NEXT-HOP
b)
c)
ORIGIN
AS_PATH
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63
BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_ note09186a0080094431.shtml BGP Case Studies
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note091 86a00800c95bb.shtml
Cisco Networkers 2004 Deployment and Analysis of BGP http://www.cisco.com/networkers/nw04/presos/sec.html Cisco Support Community Portugus https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/portuguese
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Para fazer a avaliao, por favor, clique no endereo fornecido no chat ou no pop-up quando o evento terminar.
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66
Utilizem o painel de perguntas e respostas (Q&A) para perguntar aos especialistas agora. Eles j comearam a responder.
67
Se voc quiser tirar mais dvidas com o nosso especialista, ele estar respondendo a perguntas entre os dias 18 e 28 de junho neste link: https://supportforums.cisco.com/thread/2223362 O vdeo e as perguntas e respostas sero disponibilizados ainda esta semana no link: https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/portuguese/canto-dosespecialistas/webcasts
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https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/portuguese
Portugal: http://www.facebook.com/ciscoportugal Brasil: http://www.facebook.com/CiscoDoBrasil
Portugal: http://ciscoportugalblog.wordpress.com/
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Thank you.