Page 1 of 1

Mike Hurley
From: Len Hawley
Sent: Friday, July 09, 2004 8:33 AM
To: Mike Hurley
Subject: RE: Revised Recommendation

Mike—I think it best to avoid the use of the term "root causes" because it is a pejorative term in current literature.
Better to use "underlying conditions" or just "conditions." The fact is that the Muslim World's poor education
system is a contributing condition to making the region a breeding ground for potential radical Islamists.

I support your recommendation, and it is consistent to what I had written in the draft of 12.3 on "addressing
conditions, motivators, and enablers of Islamist terrorism" (pages 21-25). I also have a short CRS paper on
Madrasas.

The real question of the recommendation is whether we should seek to reform the Madrasas themselves or seek
to make the gov't public school systems better and more attractive to the poor. Of course we can do both as well.

I am beginning to think it best to try to make the gov't schools better and more attractive, if not for the direct
benefit of correcting the indoctrination problem posed by some madrasas, but also to increase gov't capacity in
asserting control in basic services which is a more general underlying condition issue.

All of this is a tall order, of course.

Press on, Len

—Original Message—
From: Mike Hurley
Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 8:07 PM
To: Timothy Roemer; Richard Ben-Veniste (blackberry); Jamie Gorelick
Cc: Team 3
Subject: Revised Recommendation

Tim, Richard, Jamie:

At the attachment, please find a revised version of the recommendation I forwarded you earlier today.
Following discussions with Tim, I shortened the recommendation and changed the preface.

Thanks,

Mike

7/9/2004
 New Recommendation for Commissioners' Consideration

Military, intelligence, and law enforcement actions are attempting to address the
immediate threat of terrorism. That fight will go on for years. But those measures do not
get at the root causes of terrorism. One of these root causes is the intolerance that
continues to be taught to young children in schools in the Middle East, South Asia, and
Southeast Asia, and other troubled regions. Al Qaeda and related terrorist organizations
find such schools and the youths whose minds are being poisoned in them fertile grounds
for recruiting new sympathizers. Terrorists are thus being produced at a rate faster than
they can be dealt with.

A longer-term strategy is called for. The United States and its allies must act quickly to
change the conditions and circumstances that contribute to breeding new terrorists, and
thereby dry up the pool of potential jihadists. Education that teaches tolerance, the dignity
and value of each individual, and respect for different beliefs is a key element in any
global strategy to eliminate Bin Ladinism.

We recommend:

• That the U.S. government, with Congress and the executive branch working
closely together, should organize an international donor's conference, and
pledge a total of $250 million each year for four years—to be matched with
similar contributions from the European Union, Japan, Canada, and the
Gulf States—for an International Youth Opportunity Fund. Funds will be
spent directly for building and operating primary and secondary schools in
Muslim states that commit to doubling their investment in public education
over the course of the next four years. This program should include funding
and training for teachers, the provision of textbooks, as well as funding for
generators and classroom computers that can link remote student
populations to the broader world.
 Page 1 of2

Mike Hurley

From: Tim Roemer [TRoemer2@cnponline.org]

Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 2:44 PM
To: Mike Hurley
Subject: RE: A new recommendation for your consideration

Mike-1 like the idea but not the preface or the recommendation. It should include long-term reasons to win the
battle for the "hearts and minds" of the Arab world and answer Rumsfeld's question; are we killing them faster
than they are creating them? This is certainly a way to try to prevent some of the next generation of Jihadists. I
would propose;

The United States should organize an international donor's conference, and pledge a total of
$250 million each year for four years- to be matched by the European Union, Japan, Canada, and the Gulf
States- for an Arab Youth Opportunity Fund. Funds will be spent directly for operation of primary and secondary
secular schools in Arab states that commit to doubling their investment in public education over the course of the
next four years.

Or something like this This is actually a significant recommendation in the Democratic Homeland
Security Committee Report. I will strongly support an effort to insert an education recommendation.

Tim

From: Mike Hurley [mailto:mhurley@9-llcommission.gov]

Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 1:35 PM
To: Jamie Gorelick; Richard Ben-Veniste (blackberry); Richard Ben-Veniste; Tim Roemer
Cc: Warren Bass; Daniel Byman; Mike Hurley; Scott Allan; Len Hawley; Alexis Albion
Subject: A new recommendation for your consideration

Jamie, Tim, Richard:

• Everyone believes that the fight against terrorism will go on for years. Military, covert, and law
enforcement action addresses the immediate threat. But how do we change the conditions and
circumstances that contribute to breeding new terrorists?

• Team 3's view is that education and assistance with basic health services can make an enormous
difference, and that over time, attention to these human needs will change facts on the ground.

• Section 12.3 (in particular the subsection "An Agenda for Opportunity") as currently drafted discusses the
need for educational reform and initiatives in the Muslim world. The section makes some good points.

• But we want to propose bolder initiatives. We think we need to be specific here. Initiatives need to have
money and high government attention behind them.

• At the attachment please find a draft of a new recommendation for your consideration. Tim, I know you're
interested in the Philippines; and Richard, you make the important point that Turkey could play a role, as
the leading Muslim democratic country. We have tried to accommodate both suggestions.

• In addition, as the recommendation points out, the proposal we make seems to us to offer a great
opportunity for a private-public sector lash-up. There has been much talk about how to get private
businesses involved in responding to the new threats. This is a concrete way to do that.

7/8/2004
 Page 2 of2

• We also think that by internationalizing this effort—in effect, "multilateralizing" it—we reinforce to the world
that we are not solely interested in killing our enemies, and that we in fact wish to do what we've always
done: offer hope to the most vulnerable.

• We suggest that the three of you talk about this and see whether you can support it, or some version that
you come up with. It is far from a perfect recommendation, and time is short. But we think it could provide
the foundation for a more refined idea that you propose. We think that boldness is called for here.

• Also, while I have raised portions of this with the Front Office, I have not sent them this draft. I wanted you
to look at it and decide if it was something you could support.

Thanks for considering this. Please let us know if we can be of further help.

Regards,

Mike

7/8/2004
 New Recommendation for Commissioners' Consideration

•" ^ 'j 7 Both experts and senior U.S. officials told us that the educational system in Pakistan and
.- Afghanistan is broken.1 Lacking other options, impoverished families send their sons to
. /rt madrassas, religious schools often supported by Saudi Arabia or other Persian Gulf states.
' These students often learn intolerance and radical Islamism—leaving them susceptible to
recruitment by extremists. Many state-run schools are scarcely better.

, Far too much of the population in both countries lacks basic medical care and health
// 4 L services. Young men facing dismal life prospects are a recruiting pool for those who
would direct their frustration, anger, and hatred at the West.

This is the reality in many of the countries where al Qaeda has attracted followers. The
United States and its allies should seek to change these conditions, and thereby, over
time, dry up the pool of potential terrorists and combat the appeal of jihadists. Education
is a key front in any global strategy to eliminate Bin Ladinism.

We recommend:

That the U.S. government, with Congress and the executive branch working closely
together, immediately form with all interested allies and partner countries a new
international organization dedicated to building and supporting on a massive scale
schools and health clinics in countries where extremism is either a current problem
or threatens to become one.

• The initial focus should be on Afghanistan and Pakistan. But the organization
should also encompass Yemen, Sudan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and
other vulnerable countries in South and Southeast Asia, as well as Africa.

• An effort should be made to include several non-Muslim majority countries as

well. If not, such an initiative will be depicted in the Muslim world as an effort to
subvert Islamic education rather than an effort to offer the tools for economic and
social development.

• The new international organization should fund the rapid construction of

thousands of schools. The program should include funding and training for
teachers, the provision of textbooks, as well as funding for generators and
classroom computers that can link remote student populations to the broader
world.

• The schools should emphasize a solid education but also promote tolerance. The
international organization should support the closest cooperation between the

1 See interviews with Ahmed Rashid, Christina Rocca, assistant secretary of state for south asian affairs,
and Wendy Chamberlin, former ambassador to Pakistan.
 schools it establishes and the parents of the communities in which the schools are
established.

• The international organization should also co-locate health clinics nearby

dedicated to providing basic health care to the surrounding populations.

• While the United States should take the initiative in launching this new
international organization, other countries - particularly Muslim ones should take
the lead.

• The organization should be truly international. It should include all members of

the G-8, the European Union, the United Nations, the Arab League, the
Organization of American States, the Organization of African States, China, and
prominent non-governmental organizations, and regional religious leaders. This
effort is likely to attract those sympathetic to U.S. goals regarding stopping
terrorism but unwilling to provide military assistance. An effort seen as an
attempt to cram American ideologies down Muslim throats will be doomed to
failure.

• This initiative offers a unique opportunity for public and private sector
cooperation. Innovative ideas from the private sector could help improve the
lives of those who otherwise would be most susceptible to al Qaeda's message of
hatred. Thus, the international organization should draw on the assistance and
active participation of corporations and businesses from throughout the world.

• To launch this initiative, the United States should make an initial pledge of $500
million. It should call on other wealthy countries to contribute substantial funds
toward establishing the international organization. A Muslim country, perhaps
Turkey or Morocco, should host a donor's conference as should another
developing world country.

• This initiative should be implemented quickly. Military responses can deal with
the immediate threat, but the problem of Islamist extremism must be addressed
through a long-term strategy. Putting serious funding and resources into a major
program on a scale not seen since the Marshall Plan will demonstrate a global
commitment to help those at the mercy of ruthless purveyors of hate.
 New Recommendation for Commissioners' Consideration

Both experts and senior U.S. officials told us that the educational system in Pakistan and
Afghanistan is broken.1 Lacking other options, impoverished families send their sons to
madrassas, religious schools often supported by Saudi Arabia or other Persian Gulf states.
These students often learn intolerance and radical Islamism—leaving them susceptible to
recruitment by extremists.

Far too much of the population in both countries lacks basic medical care and health
services. Young men facing dismal life prospects are a recruiting pool for those who
would direct their frustration, anger, and hatred at the West.

This is the reality in many of the countries where al Qaeda has attracted followers. The
United States and its allies should seek to change these conditions, and thereby, over
time, dry up the pool of potential terrorists and combat the appeal of jihadists. Education
is a key front in any global strategy to eliminate Bin Ladinism.

We recommend:

That the U.S. government, with Congress and the executive branch working closely
together, immediately form with all interested allies and partner countries a new
international organization dedicated to building and supporting on a massive scale
schools and health clinics in countries where Islamist extremism is either a current
problem or threatens to become one.

• The initial focus should be on Afghanistan and Pakistan. But the organization
should also encompass Yemen, Sudan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and
other vulnerable countries in South and Southeast Asia, as well as Africa.

• The new international organization should fund the rapid construction of

thousands of schools. The program should include funding and training for
teachers, the provision of textbooks, as well as funding for generators and
classroom computers that can link remote student populations to the broader
world.

• The schools should emphasize a solid education but also promote tolerance. The
international organization should support the closest cooperation between the
schools it establishes and the parents of the communities in which the schools are
established.

• The international organization should also co-locate health clinics nearby

dedicated to providing basic health care to the surrounding populations.

1 See interviews with Ahmed Rashid, Christina Rocca, assistant secretary of state for south asian affairs,
and Wendy Chamberlin, former ambassador to Pakistan.
• While the United States should take the initiative in launching this new
international organization, Muslim countries should take the lead. All countries
are threatened by terrorism, but Muslim countries will have the most credibility in
conveying the true values of Islam to effectively counter the perversion of Islam
espoused by al Qaeda and affiliated groups. Turkey could be an effective overall
leader of the effort.

• The organization should be truly international. It should include all members of

the G-8, the European Union, the United Nations, the Arab League, the
Organization of American States, the Organization of African States, China, and
prominent non-governmental organizations, and regional religious leaders. An
effort seen as an attempt to cram American ideologies down Muslim throats will
be doomed to failure.

• This initiative offers a unique opportunity for public and private sector
cooperation. Innovative ideas from the private sector could help improve the
lives of those who otherwise would be most susceptible to al Qaeda's message of
hatred. Thus, the international organization should draw on the assistance and
active participation of corporations and businesses from throughout the world.

• To launch this initiative, the United States should make an initial pledge of $500
million. It should call on other wealthy countries to contribute substantial funds
toward establishing the international organization. A Muslim country, perhaps
Turkey or Morocco, should host a donor's conference. This initiative should be
implemented quickly. Military responses can deal with the immediate threat, but
the problem of Islamist extremism must be addressed through a long-term
strategy. Putting serious funding and resources into a major program on a scale
not seen since the Marshall Plan will demonstrate a global commitment to help
those at the mercy of ruthless purveyors of hate.
 Page 1 of 1

Mike Hurley

From: Mike Hurley

Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2004 10:57 AM
To: Warren Bass; Daniel Byman; Dan Byman
Cc: Mike Hurley
Subject: New recommendation

Dan and Warren,

Here's my stab at a new, bold recommendation along the lines we

discussed yesterday. Please have a go at it.

Dan, please send your edits, ideas, additions directly to Warren. He's the
editor-in-chief and has the pen on this now.

Thanks,

Mike

7/8/2004
 New Recommendation for Commissioners' Consideration

Christina Rocca, assistant secretary of state for south asian affairs, and Wendy
Chamberlin, former ambassador to Pakistan told us that the educational system in
Pakistan and Afghanistan is broken. Impoverished families send their male children to
madrassas, schools that in many cases are supported by Iran and the Persian Gulf states.
A culture of intolerance is bred as are indoctrinated in extreme forms of Islam and
become susceptible to recruitment by Islamic extremists. The governments of Pakistan
and Afghanistan cannot control the curriculum of the schools. Thus, the problem of
extremism is certain to grow rapidly in the future unless action is taken to counter it.

Significant portions of the population in both countries lack basic medical care and health
services. Facing such poor life prospects, the young are easy prey for those who would
direct their frustration, anger, and hatred at the west.

This is the reality in many of the countries where al Qaeda has attracted followers. The
United States and its allies should seek to change these conditions, and thereby, over
time, dry up the pool of potential terrorists.

We recommend:

That the United States government, with the Congress and executive branch
working in close tandem, immediately form with all interested allies and partner
countries a new international organization dedicated to building and supporting on
a massive scale schools and health clinics in countries where Islamist extremism is
either a current problem or threatens to become one.

• The initial focus should be on Afghanistan and Pakistan. But the organization
should also encompass Yemen, the Sudan, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines,
and other vulnerable countries in south and southeast asia.

• The new international organization should fund the rapid construction of

thousands of schools. The program should include funding and training for
teachers, the provision of textbooks, as well as funding for generators and
classroom computers that can link remote student populations to the broader
world.

• The schools should emphasize a solid education but also promote tolerance. The
international organization should support the closest cooperation between the
schools it establishes and the parents of the communities in which the schools are
established.

• The international organization should also co-locate health clinics in the same
areas as the schools dedicated to providing basic health care to the surrounding
populations.
• While the United States should take the initiative in launching this new
international organization, Muslim countries should take the lead. All countries
are threatened by terrorism, but Muslim countries will have the most credibility in
conveying the true values of Islam to effectively counter the perversion of Islam
espoused by al Qaeda and affiliated groups. The moderate and democratic
Muslim country Turkey would be an effective overall leader of the effort.

• The organization should be truly international. It should include all members of

the G-8, the European Union, the United Nations, the Arab League, the
Organization of American States, the Organization of African States, China, and
prominent Non-Governmental Organizations, and regional religious leaders.

• A major new initiative to address abysmal educational and health needs in states
targeted by terrorists offers a unique opportunity for public and private sector
cooperation. Multi-national corporations from all over the world have enormous
interests in regional stability and educated work forces. Innovative ideas from the
private sector could also have a great impact in advancing the goal of improving
the lives of those who otherwise would be most susceptible to al Qaeda's message
of hatred. Thus, the international organization should draw on the assistance and
active participation of corporations and businesses from throughout the world.

• To launch this initiative, the United States should make an initial pledge of $500
million. It should call on other wealthy countries to contribute substantial funds
toward establishing the international organization. A Muslim country, perhaps
Turkey, should host a donor's conference. This initiative should be implemented
with all deliberate speed. Military responses can deal with the immediate threat,
but the problem of Islamic extremism must be addressed through a long-term
strategy. Putting serious funding and resources into a major program on a scale
not seen since the Marshall Plan will demonstrate the civilized world's
commitment to help those who are at the mercy of ruthless purveyors of hate.
 WITHDRAWAL NOTICE

RG: 148 Exposition, Anniversary, and Memorial Commissions

SERIES: Team 3,9/11 Commission
NND PROJECT NUMBER: 52100 FOIA CASE NUMBER: 31107

WITHDRAWAL DATE: 11/18/2008

BOX: 00003 FOLDER: 0021 TAB: 1 DOC ID: 31206463

COPIES: 1 PAGES: 29

_ACCESS RESTRICTED
The item identified below has been withdrawn from this file:

FOLDER TITLE: Chapter 12 - New Recommendation

DOCUMENT DATE: DOCUMENT TYPE: Memorandum

FROM: Hurley

TO: Zelikow

SUBJECT: Edits to Chapter 13

This document has been withdrawn for the following reason(s):

9/11 Classified Information

WITHDRAWAL NOTICE
 Page 1 of 1

Mike Hurley

From: Stephanie Kaplan

Sent: Monday, June 28, 2004 7:22 PM
To: Team Leaders
Cc: Front Office
Subject: Chapter 12

Team Leaders:

We wish to solicit your comments on draft Chapter 12. 'Where is Chapter 12?" you may ask.

I am standing by to provide each team leader with a hard copy that should remain at K Street; it should not be
shared with other staff members at this time. We hope (although it is unlikely) that Commissioners will begin to
discuss Chapter 12 at the tail-end of tomorrow's meeting.

Please provide all initial comments on Chapter 12 to the front office by COB Wednesday.

Many thanks,
Stephanie

STEPHANIE L. KAPLAN
9-11 COMMISSION
7(202)331-1125
F (202) 296-5545
www.9-11commission.gov

6/29/2004
 _r
t^

-£*•• — ••-- ; r * - * - r " " ~; - 7" ' ^ - —- •-- - -- - - - - " • * -• • -

£ ^v^>~T ^T N ^^ <=at>
t\ ~~" ~~ V*- ^~^~ A "^ ^^i
""^ > r ^v^ •
^ 5 i '"**"'* »" ( .^^^ '""^£" f" ""^A |O^ • i ^s ^ ^^ fr i"\^
>. ~»
v\.
f*^^f" &
> f^2"
«.
1
Ji^ V%v -~> 'C. ^5" "^ *^^ ^If1
<jBBV "^ <V v ^ ^IT
^- \j
j^ "M^^" 4—r* »K ^ ^^" r\
i! ,J j ^ I .. ? " j ^
&t - 'N

N,
-
C
J
•<
JS
-J
L
tt -Si
A-

r^
\

* t
I V 5

r•<, & C

Vi
> N f
U
r

4
s.
F
^
 tj
if

ii

If
; i

'—"<C
P

l d-
/
/3
 .S. and Panama: Maritime Ship Boarding Agreement Page 1 of2

Home I Contact Us I Etnas! this rap I F01A I :Prwaey Notice I wows

U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE

About the MPressand • •Travel and • |Courttries • i|lntematioaaMi|history, Education
State Dept. iiPubitc Affairs 1 [Living AbroadH land RecprtsH ilssues • (land Culture

[Print Friendly Version]

Fact Sheet
Office of the Spokesman
Washington, DC
May 12, 2004

The United States and Panama Proliferation Security Initiative Ship

Boarding Agreement

On Wednesday, May 12, 2004, the United States and Panama signed a reciprocal maritime ship
boarding agreement in support of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI).

The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

The Proliferation Security Initiative was announced by President Bush on May 31, 2003, and is
working to establish cooperative partnerships worldwide to prevent the flow of weapons of mass
destruction, their delivery systems, and related materials to and from states and non-state actors of
proliferation concern.

What the U.S.-Panama Ship Boarding Agreement Does

The U.S.-Panama Proliferation Security Initiative maritime ship boarding agreement - which is an
amendment to a very successful existing maritime law enforcement assistance arrangement
between the U.S. and Panama - will facilitate cooperation between the United States and Panama
to prevent shipments by sea of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery systems, or related
materials by establishing procedures to board and search vessels suspected of carrying such items
that are located in international waters.

If a U.S. or Panamanian-flagged vessel is suspected of carrying proliferation-related cargo, either

one of the Parties to this agreement can request of the other to confirm the nationality of the ship in
question and, if needed, authorize the boarding, search, and possible detention of the vessel and its
cargo.

What the Panama-U.S. Agreement Contributes to the Proliferation Security Initiative

Panama is the world's largest ship registry and its signing of the boarding agreement demonstrates
a commitment by Panama to engender greater confidence and security in its flag registry. Panama
is the second state to sign a Proliferation Security Initiative ship boarding agreement; Liberia was
the first to sign on February 11, 2004. The combination of Panama, Liberia, and Proliferation
Security Initiative core partner commitments means that almost 50 percent of commercial shipping
fleet dead weight tonnage is now subject to rapid action consent procedures for boarding, search,
and seizure.

How Proliferation Security Initiative Boarding Agreements Benefit the Shipping Industry

Concluding the Proliferation Security Initiative ship boarding agreement further bolsters the
reputation of the Panamanian ship registry and the confidence of those involved in the shipping

http://www.state.gOv/r/pa/prs/ps/2004/32414.htm 6/30/2004
 WITHDRAWAL NOTICE

RG: 148 Exposition, Anniversary, and Memorial Commissions

SERIES: Team 3,9/11 Commission
NND PROJECT NUMBER: 52100 FOIA CASE NUMBER: 31107

WITHDRAWAL DATE: 11/18/2008

BOX: 00003 FOLDER: 0021 TAB: 2 DOC ID: 31206464

COPIES: 1 PAGES: 43

_ACCESS RESTRICTED^
The item identified below has been withdrawn from this file:

FOLDER TITLE: Chapter 12 - New Recommendation

DOCUMENT DATE: DOCUMENT TYPE: Draft

FROM:

TO:

SUBJECT: Chapter Twelve, Version 062704

This document has been withdrawn for the following reason(s):

9/11 Classified Information

WITHDRAWAL NOTICE