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May 21, 2011 by agushoe

THE KCL- POLYMER MUD

3 Votes Ive worked in six different oil-wells until now. All of them used KCL-Polymer system mud. I never work with another mud system so far (High performance mud, Oil base mud, synthetic base mud, etc) How pity I am!! hahaha. Well yeah, this KCl-Polymer system is still considered as a powerful mud system to combat reactive shale or clays. Its firstly used in

I always imagine if that was barrells of chocolate!! oh God, I would never let it loss even one drop. haha.

mid-1950 and started widely used from late 1960s to present. So actually, this mud system is not really sophisticated. But Its inhibitive enough, tolerant of contaminants (salt, gypsum/anhydrite, and cement) and help reach high mud weight (since the KCl salt contribute to raise mud weight pretty well). Thats why its been widely used all over the world. Now theres might be a question comes up , why Shale or Clay must be combat? well, Because it possibly swells so badly once it contacted to water (like a rubber when it expose to diesel oil), I ever heard that it possible being 8 10 times bigger than its original size. So a simplified clay structure with its charge crazy, right? It obviously dangerous to drilling operation

as will cause some problem such as (stuck pipe, rheology problem, etc). Another question that might be come up later is why shale/clay works that bad? because the shale has molecular structures that possibly invites water and other particle to come onto. The particle consists of 2 layers that have different charges in it. The basal plane (flat planes) is predominant of negative charges (-), and edge side is mostly positive charge (+). Why it is? Hmm,,,I need separated chapter to tell it whyits totally chemistry! Yup, a physical chemistry Well yeah, lets pick up a smectite, its one of the clay minerals. it is the least stable and the most susceptible to hydration and diagenetic

alteration.

Two

other

terms often associated with the smectites are montmorillonite and Bentonite. Since Bentonite has been exposed to seawater and other sources of cations, some of the silicon and aluminum cations in the structure have been molecular structure of smectite, the least stable minerals of clays replaced. magnesium Iron and typically

replace aluminum and aluminum typically replaces silicon. This replacement causes an imbalance in charges in the structure. This causes the bentonite sheet to be negatively charged. Cations (positive charged particles) are attracted to this negatively charged surface. As time goes on, water molecules begin to seep in between the platelets. Some of the molecules of water adhere to the clay platelets and some of them go to the individual cations on the platelet surface. When a clay platelet is fully hydrated, it is surrounded by a cloud of water and hydrated ions. The Greatest concentration of water molecules and hydrated cations are near the surface of the clay. And the swelling just happened. Well, back to the KCl system. How does it work? Which of the parameter that important to monitor periodically? Here we go! The KCl-Polymer system provides potassium ion (K+). It works strongly because particular size of the ions in relation to the clay crystal structure. The K+ ion size really fit to the shale/clay pore (10 Angstrom) once it arrived at the surface of

clay

or shale. Then

it

inhibits the water to come into it and reduce the dispersion of clays. And the swelling is just avoided. Cool right? So, things that really important to measure is an inhibitive mechanism of K+ ion on Clay particle the K+ concentration in a mud. Theres a couple method to measure it, but the method I ever had is the centrifuge (Ill explain it later!). Although, it recognize as a powerful mud system, theres some limitation using it: The Toxicity of KCltypically 3-10 % by weight concentration, disposal cost, mud system cost at hight KCl levels. But I dont know why the HSE officer told me that the treated mud (water from mud thats been treated) is really good for fertilizer. He dumped in a yard and the grass then grew nicely. I think it comes from the K, which accidentally has good concentration for the grass growth. hahaha. its a miracle! Anyway, the hand crank

encapsulation illustration of Clay

combination of KCl with the polymer will enhance its effectiveness regarding to combat shale. The polymer that used is PHPA, thats why sometimes it called The KCl-PHPA mud. PHPA stands for Partially Hydrolyzed Poly Acrylamide. It was introduced by Shell Oil Co in late 1960s. the PHPA helps to encapsulate (coats) the clays/shale surface with a protective film. This blocks or slows Base Exchange and hydration. But the poor solid control prevented wide spread use. Yep, it definitely needs a good solid control equipment (Shale shaker, etc).

a not supported solid control prevents a wide-use of PHPA

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This entry was posted in Energy Issues, Oil and Gas, Oilfield Service and tagged Drilling, Gas, Mud, Oil. Bookmark the permalink.

THE AMAZING CULINARY TRIP AT CEPU!

HELLO, PALM JUMEIRAH!

18 THOUGHTS ON THE KCL- POLYMER MUD

UII Fans says:

May 23, 2011 at 03:39
1 0 Rate This

Artikel yang menarik.. Makasih infonya.. Terus berkarya:)

arun1st says:
May 23, 2011 at 05:41
0 0 Rate This

wowyoure kind of generous & brilliant engineer, thanks for the sharing. poor me cant (wont) understand it

agushoe says:
May 23, 2011 at 09:52
1 0 Rate This

LOL! big pardon for being too technical explaining it. actually it just a basic chemistry, seriously! and all mud knowledge is just a common sense. ure gonna be understand when start getting into it. btw, Im not a good engineer if u say so ( it hard to understand, isnt it? well yeah,,,Ill make another post better thx for visit.

Jagadheesh Vanamayil says:

September 9, 2011 at 04:00
0 0 Rate This

good to learn about kcl mud system ,b4 i had doubt now i cleared a bit

Jagadheesh Vanamayil says:

September 9, 2011 at 04:01
0 0 Rate This

i need the procedure of find out k+ ion in the mud system

agushoe says:
September 9, 2011 at 16:00

Rate This

yeah,,,glad to hear that its useful for othersthx

agushoe says:
September 9, 2011 at 16:01
1 0 Rate This

anw, you can find it out in next article,,,,

bikash says:
January 31, 2012 at 18:06
1 0 Rate This

Its very good , But i just want to point out another use of PHPA with KCL is that PHPA encapsulate cuttings and reduce the disintergration of cuttings in the mud system so that we can reduce LGS in the system.

agushoe says:
February 1, 2012 at 02:10
1 0 Rate This

yup, thats the main point. Thx bikash Powered by Telkomsel BlackBerry

jaka says:
March 3, 2012 at 09:48
0 0 Rate This

if the ROP isnt high and you have good solid control equipment, especially desander and desilter, LGS shouldnt be a problem i guess..

Pak Agus, what and how many materials do u use to make up 1bbls kcl-polymer?

agushoe says:
March 18, 2012 at 16:44
2 0 Rate This

Depend on the formation thats being drilled. commonly, KCl concentration is up to 7%. so does the polymer, it could be vary from one field to another. polymer thats commonly used are: PAC R, PAC LV, Xantan Gum, PHPA, etc. still, all of them is depend

Anonymous says:
September 8, 2012 at 06:17
0 0 Rate This

Assalamalaikum. perkenalkan saya Muhammad Irsyad mahasiswa teknik perminyakan ygsedang tugas akhir. saya ingin bertanya mas, apa sebenarnya perbedaan antara KCl-PHPA Polymer dengan KCl-Polymer? trims

agushoe says:
September 18, 2012 at 15:08
1 0 Rate This

waalaikum salam,,,,,KCl-PHPA pakai polimer namanya PHPA,,,kalau KCl-Polymer aja biasanya tidak menggunakan PHPA, hanya polymer standar saja (PAC, Xathan Gum, etc)..

Anonymous says:
September 19, 2012 at 14:20
0 0 Rate This

Trima kasih Mas Agus. Maaf mas sebelumnya, klo boleh saya minta akun Y ahoo Messenger atau email apabila ada yang ingin saya tanyakan, karena kebetulan Tugas Akhir saya ini mengenai lumpur.hehe

Trima kasih sebelumnya Mas Agus

agushoe says:
October 15, 2012 at 09:04
0 0 Rate This

maaf baru bales,,,,hehe. kalau mau chatinvite Y M saya aja : guz_choer semoga lancar ya TA nyaAmiiin

propolis diamond says:

October 17, 2012 at 08:26
0 0 Rate This

It is actually a great and useful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful info with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing. regards Propolis

Thierry says:
July 17, 2013 at 03:17
0 0 Rate This

Not bad at all, but one thing is not totally correct the size of ions Y our asumption is valid, but you should precise it is the diameter of hydrated ions, not that of ions themselves (otherwise ranking shouldnt be the same between Na+ and K+ for instance) Good article anyway

agushoe says:
July 17, 2013 at 23:13
0 0 Rate This

well, Im not really sure. I think I need to see some reference manual regarding thisThanks a lot, Thierry

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