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CORNELL UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FROM
The
original of this
book
is in
restrictions in
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http://archive.org/details/cu31924102331166
Old Concord
4,^ vy w^-v,
; -
*fe?< /
v.
At Meriam's Corner
Old Concord
By
Allen French
With Drawings
by
Lester G. Hornby
n on -refer?
SWVAP-CI3S
Boston
Little,
Re.
&E.
Copyright, igij,
By
Little,
NOtfoOOtl J3TC8S
Set
up and electrotyped by
J. S.
Printed by
S.
A.
.1.1
i!'iiii):i
^Vr*-V v
Y.flMlUU
Preface
THIS
Old Concord,
may
also
be
depended upon
ter
I
Its historical
mat-
histories of
Lemuel Shattuck (1835) and Charles H. Walcott (1884), from the Concord Social Circle Memoirs,
from the writings of Grindall Reynolds, and from
the publications of the Concord Antiquarian Society, chiefly those
by the
upon
late
George Tolman.
For
have
drawn
principally
their
own
writings.
The
[vii]
Preface
book
also contains material
my
me with much matter previously unknown to me, am much indebted to my neighbors Dr. Edward
Prescott Keyes, and
Mr.
Adams Tolman.
am
I desire to express
my thanks
for
the
Concord
Social
Circle,
Houghton
Mifflin
Scribner's Sons.
ALLEN FRENCH.
Concord, Massachusetts.
June, 1915.
viii
Contents
Chapter
Preface
I.
Retrospective
... ....
.
Page
vii
I
II.
Military Affairs
Chiefly Literary
35
III.
77
157
177
181
IV.
[ix]
Illustrations
The Three Arch Stone Bridge At Meriam's Corner
Half-title
Frontispiece
Page
The Old
vii
Home
.
of the
. .
ix xi
i
little
..... .......
.
7
17
Town
.
Hall
.
23
Across the
Meadows
35
47
The Old
the Bullet
Hole
57
of 1836,
The Monument
ute
Man"
[xi]
Illustrations
Page
75
Emerson House
Old Chapter House of the D.
Thoreau-Alcott House
77
R.
81
87
95
103
Old Manse
Hemlocks
....
(i
In Emerson's Study
Alcott "Cottage"
109
840-1 842) on
Main
Street
"5
125
133 141
Orchard House,
Home
of the Alcotts
.
Hawthorne's "Wayside"
Academy Lane
....
in Sleepy
147
153
157
Hawthorne's Grave
Hollow Cemetery
167
173
The Ridge
in Sleepy
Hollow Cemetery
. .
...
177
[xii]
Old Concord
Retrospective
THE
Concord
away an oblong
more than
its
middle.
is
a flagstaff.
These
a center of
town
life,
but more
Here
New
many
But here
also
erner;
its
farther
[3]
Old Concord
its
bends
way
at
to Lexington.
right
:
its
first
then,
above
site
it,
whose
travels
cluster
many
memories.
As the eye
street,
a dwelling, then a
hill,
burying-ground that
climbs a
Town
Hall,
Or looking from
move
business
and except
in
But
still
stand-
[4]
Retrospective
ing at this northerly end of the Square, one can
leave these
call
up
visions of
many
changes.
differ-
before,
brought
Concord, so he
from
up-country on an ox-sled.
But the
had
just
come
stage-lines to the
Concord
week.
as
many
Hotel,
as
On
Middlesex
many-columned,
three-storied,
its
season, into
maintained.
fair.
Here
in
[5]
Old Concord
Tavern)
and received
in
Years
after,
in a
re-
The
Bedas
No
obelisk
was
it
was
later to stand.
The
lived the
aunts
of
Henry Thoreau.
The
tried his
famous experiment
in flogging.
There was
jail
of which
of
Thoreau had
his
On
Catholic
young men
the town,
Retrospective
Road one dark night, intending to do a service to Ralph Waldo Emerson. The Court-house was just
building in 1850;
till
the
Town
The
by
in
Bedford
Street
it
took
its
by
persons in favor of
mankind to meet
officers.
its
at
And Concom-
munity, was a
fine
As
for tourists
the
fifties,
To
who The
all
belonged to the
usefulness of
some
liberty of
doubting.
The names
the freeholders
of
among
1852.
at the junc-
Road and the Cambridge TurnWas not his pike, the town indeed knew well. grandfather here at the time of the Fight, he who
[9]
Old Concord
urged the militia to take their stand in the town
itself
?
Revoluhis
War
who married
when
for his
widow.
And
since 1832,
he came here to
credit to the
live,
town by
except
antislavery notions.
well,
knew
"J. Thoreau's"
against a
name was marked, on the map, house on Main Street. He too was a
his family
man
should.
if
But
his
his son
Henry
New
his
He had
never
made
way
in the
world
he would earn
his father's
pencil-making
that,
he went out to
in a shanty.
What
man
Thus
Concord folk
rather queer.
whom
strangers
came to
see
were
this
"Nathl.
[10]
Retrospective
Alcott sold
he went
cele-
Boston.
to
the woods
to
visit
him.
and dream,
working
?
in full
road,
instead of
!
The man
little
dream
When
it
Emerson's
what place
was
And he had
passed through
it
hundreds of
times.
Also this
"W.
E. Channing,"
who owned
:
a house
he might be a
was
as unsociable as
Mr. Hawthorne,
and woods
in the fields
man
besides
Henry Thoreau.
who came
Some
of the visitors
queer.
schemes to
methods of
women with short, and cranks with make the world over, or with diets, or Why, they swarmed like bees dress
["I
Old Concord
around Mr. Emerson's door, and the poor
could hardly get rid of them.
man
Transcendentalists
and
And
Concord by means
Underground Railroad.
risk
were so cau-
them
but
its
opinions.
The
Thoreaus were
it
abolitionists, parents
and children
in his
slaves
hut at
Walden.
took the west-bound train, Henry Thoreau was very likely to board
it
them
spinster
who
planted the
said to
house
And
who took
in
away from
was
the very
his jailers
Boston
Edwin
to
Bigelow
man who
to
freedom!
clearly
was
all
and
ticklish
matter
[12]
Retrospective
for
young Mr. Frank B. Sanborn to have John Brown, the Kansas abolitionist, here in Concord
to give an address.
The frontiersman
slept with a
States marshals
citizens.
so recognize
it,
development.
by her
citi-
And
the
Underground
Railroad,
were
slowly
being
The only
thing to depress
To be
sure,
"Don't go now.
the time will
come when
pay a bonus."
And
Humphrey
vice.
He had
and withdrew
preso
[13]
Old Concord
away in it. And David, standing by waved good-by to all his sons.
In the
fifties,
his ox-team,
intimately
acquainted
There
may have
offices,
politics,
over town
but they
left
no bad blood.
Even
nearest
home than
to a
lett,
slavery,
made no
The
show
of ill-feeling
who through
of
his practice
knew most
of the
evils
drink,
unsparingly.
Once
opponents
took the
nut
from
him
a fall
horse and
slit
tains to ribbons
may
his
left
an enviable record
and private
on
service.
And
it
needed char-
New
England
soil,
and with
The
lives
men, written
in
Concord's Dictionary of
[14]
Retrospective
intimate view of a community kindly and helpful,
yet also shrewd, witty,
penetrating in criticism,
and unsparing
in attack.
still
tolerance
evils,
slavery
and
intemperance.
in spite
Ways
of
living
were
in
very
simple,
of
new improvements
luxuries.
stoves,
Easy-going days
lecturer
was
flip
in-
by the committee
to the hotel,
and
was
passed around.
ing that the jailer had taken his prisoners out haying,
adjourned court
till
Especially easy-going
lost
the
of three
hundred thousand
dollars.
us go back another
fifty years.
In 1800
struggled but a
Concord
very much by
itself.
[IS]
Old Concord
the volume of business was slight.
level space for the
There was no
Town
in
danger
over
portico
older
inhabitants
By
the single
little
whole town.
in
active use.
The Middlesex
hiding the old
Hotel
stone
site
jail.
The
shops either in
unplanted
it
was the
Common
its
broke
elm on
its
eastern side
in those
days used as a
tied for
punishment
was
[16]
the town
pump.
.J-
v-'-'-x^
ff^?
TO*
7V
a* rt;
7ow
tfatf
Retrospective
Other differences could be seen in the town.
owned by the
traitor
had
Boston, to be
life
named
the
And
the
in
simple.
religious
three-hour
uncarpeted,
services,
"the
old,
cold,
unpainted,
square-pewed
meeting-house,"
its
which
Emerson remembered
gray deacons in the
so well, "with
little
four ironpulpit,
and not
less
seats."
There were no
accumulated nine
hundred volumes.
Concord
this,
stores
But
to
make up
for
To
in
made much
not
all
of his living
by farming.
[19]
Old Concord
and continuous
labor, extending
all
To
was no
ice.
its
its
hams.
each
four,
make
implements also
spinning-wheel
the loom.
and
in
still
And
flax
these,
making
The
was raised
there,
hard-working,
little
cotton was
rest.
bought or bartered.
rotted flax
The women
its little
did the
The
the
women
down from
[20]
their grandmothers, or
Retrospective
and
And for
and
late
life
Early
At
astonish-
we
district to district
the rudiments.
ing,
The
for there
and even
Tired
parents
for the
little
folk
nodded by the
or
fireside while
the
the
gossiped
discussed
theology,
for
Or the
and
it
sheets,
about.
Romantic
spectacles
life
may
be,
seen
through
later
;
rose-colored
hundred years
sad and drab.
was
One feature of the period was the prohibition of Sunday traveling. Deacons and other such severe
persons took
it
and to halt
all
Sunday
sunset.
[21]
Old Concord
they
tell
teamster on his
progress.
forbade further
horses
at
The teamster
the
dinner,
sat
good
man saw
his
with
relief
down
One
in
and bade
guest proceed.
Hoar
also
was
farmer,
ruefully
in his crops
by a tornado, found
:
only
relief
the ejaculation
"I wish
this
last
Sunday.
Sam
less
differences, for
asking them of
"home."
of
Whig
the
future.
shape-
[22]
*z*
&
,'
/ '<^:-
TVs*
OZi Cofonia/
/ Z)o
^^
Corner
Retrospective
less
and neglected
the
Town
new
little
jail,
were
wits' end,
by hurt and
When we
factor in
we
find
one other
life
Indians
yet.
The
daily
life
was very
laborious.
And Concord
and
for a
was very
was used
court
when
necessary.
As
who
to town.
Sixty-five years farther back,
wilderness.
all forest.
The
three
hills
[25]
Old Concord
there,
and much
Meadows were
floods
large,
from
and
maize.
hill
These
were
fish
fertilized
herring to a
with the
that
came up the
in
spawning time.
called
Nashawtuc.
made marks
a book,
and
And
white
fall
men
called sixteen
hundred and
men on
They had no
guides,
which accounted
swamps
but
they walked
all
wan
And
[26]
Retrospective
dammed
beavers
mill site,
with a
fish weir,
first
dammed
and a sunny
men marked
come
a guide to
show the
shortest
way
to the settlements.
men
with them, and their wives and children and goods, over the rough road that had been opened from
Watertown.
This was a
civilized
notable venture
that
here,
men from
England should
coast, twelve
settle
from
navi-
day was
so here
for
was
led
by two
ministers and
by
The squaws
And
less
grave
Simon Willard,
[27]
Old Concord
that the white
place, east
The
red
men
agreed,
;
wampum
were given
who
stalked about in a
and a great
coat.
good
feeling,
and that
so for these
two
no
good reasons they changed the name of the place from Musketaquid
to
Concord.
There was
God would
dwell in
The
last
first
them
the root-encumbered
got
The frail roofs leaked, fare was scanty, the summer heat was new to them, the wolves got
all
But by winter
in,
their houses
and a
little
Concord had
in-
[28]
Retrospective
deed to cut
its
Of
all
the
little
John Jones,
He was
man
of educauntil
circles,
forced
by Charles
to his opinions.
Moreover, being a
man
of prop-
emigrate.
If
risk
here in Concord
meadows he saw a
its
his fertile
Square
in a log
unfruitful at first;
in-
come.
six
Nay, he spent
of the
to Concord.
bridge, but he
Friends
he saw of them.
He
wrote
"I
am
[29]
Old Concord
he watched over her in the uncomfortable
until at last
attic,
to
come down
Besides
all this,
he
many books
in
contains his
which he exhorts
slight.
cattle
had
first
meadow grass. Apparently there were wet seasons when the land was flooded and the crops suffered. The
land,
and the
cattle did
there
enterprise,
and
on the matter.
the
Finally there
in
church of Concord,"
caused
apparently by
Bulkeley's
the
stiff
So Jones led
away "the
and
is
among them,"
it
all
we can
he came
of
Relieved of
its
[30]
Retrospective
of success.
Minor
troubles
and was
officials
To
The
but
went destitute to
his grave.
The
Indians
they
As they
failed to
under-
build their
ginning of
men might be free to And so the bemill upon the brook. our Milldam was made. The personal
drawn up, by which the Indians agreed to submit themselves to fines and other simple punishments
for ordinary
misdemeanors.
But
for
31
Old Concord
morality, the Indians were induced to promise to
"improve
their time,"
"comely
an Englishman's house.
Nevertheless, smile as
we may
at these simple
be allowed
word
of
So a settlement
a
in
There was
in early
Soon
land.
after
Bulkeley's
became common
at
it,
And we may be
it,
sure, as
we look
aid,
that
Bulkeley trod
the
Indians,
and John
Eliot,
the apostle to
doubtless, the
through whose
And Winthrop
here,
gave
name
in the
brook
the Two
Brothers.
times passed.
the mill,
Retrospective
more people
at last
at meeting, prosperity.
Bulkeley could
know
Emerson mirrored
their
Hay, corn,
roots, flax,
my
children's
How How
I
Know
me, as does
my
dog: we sympathize.'"
[33]
Military Affairs
--^~=^pj~jjfeA&iiJ- ki^~.
II
AS
much
geography
is
we
leave this
Concord
as
is
necessary for a
famous Fight.
Coming
a steep
on the
right
its
by
ridge)
leads
into the
Square at
farther
end.
From
Monument
less
Street
North Bridge,
streets
than a
mile away.
These two
;
mark the
essential
less steeply
borders
Monument
Street also,
was a factor
in the
Out
right,
takes
travelers
to
the
early times,
(its
site
37]
Old Concord
Tavern, the Meeting-house, and the brick mill at
the end of the Milldam, were the chief buildings.
in
Massachusetts.
its
Massacre and
spirit of resistance
was growing
The
It
line of
Whig from
the former
Tory, showed
but
his
children
took different
sides.
Phebe,
woman
name
in
of strong character,
successor,
of
the
defender of the
of
the colonies.
Phebe's
lawyer, he
was one
of the justices
of the Court of
Common
whom
sittings.
He had
[38]
Military Affairs
of his tea,
and had to be
;
careful
where he bought
like other
any
of his supplies
for
Concord,
towns,
not only refused to buy goods imported from England, but even threatened
boycott against
all
who
did
buy any.
well
Bliss
is
remembered
they
were held
Whigs
were pursuing.
home with forensic skill, wit, and biting sarcasm. The wealth and power of Britain made her invincible
;
they were
At the end
of
the
must
successful.
men
seat a
young man
the eyes of
of
whom
He
his halt-
come
[39]
Old Concord
"Who
is
that
man
?"
"Hosmer, a mechanic."
"A
mechanic
to speak
sits in
all
the
the
like
day long;
son.'
and
suppose
it
is
'like
mother
men
is
won-
derful,
will
be sure to
follow."
And
The
response to Hosmer's
There was
left for
lieved in his
own
words.
This
final test
came
Tory
earlier
than
to Bliss.
On
"Simon
lived
is
Everything
now changed about his place, even to the very name for Lee's Hill is now Nashawtuc, two bridges make useless the doctor's ford, and many modern residences dot his acres. Lee was a man born for
;
called the
it
met
in
[40]
Military Affairs
the tavern of that name;
original
made
as
much uproar
in seceding.
had done
an
Such a
man was
likely to take
;
and he did
nobody
knew what.
officers,
The
lost.
of Concord's
go,
most important
as a test.
perhaps
"My
I
heart
is
cannot go."
Yet
ford;
at
early darkness
successful journey,
been to Cambridge
advance of them.
Sumone of
was
it
before
much
[41]
given
he
admitted
Old Concord
that he had given warning of the coming of the
militia.
The
"When
it
fills
coolly
reflect
on
my own
deepest
imprudence,
anxiety.
I
my
deprecate the
my
injured
country,
humbly
confess
my
errors,
free
I
court
neither
directly
nor
indirectly,
by
may
be frustrated,
ornament
but that
it
was roomier
galleries
that
accommodated
all
members
of the Provincial
Con-
in 1775,
rebellion.
payment
of taxes to
of
the king
raising
here
it
And
in
Concord
[42]
Military Affairs
began to accumulate those military
the royal governor would have to seize
to cripple his disloyal subjects. therefore, that his first
It
stores
if
which
he wished
was
at Concord,
military strength.
Its
;
ancient militia
man
to spring to arms,
as
and
to
It
march
might be needed.
warning
arms
and
ammunition."
So
the
Minutemen
first
came
into being.
At worship or
disguises
at work, their
Wearing
to penetrate, trudging
two
British officers
land.
They sketched
their
map
the roads,
saw
way
A woman
that
looked
on the pond.
very comfortable
But
Bliss
[43]
Old Concord
mind, knowing that his guests had been marked to
his door.
First the
guided them
"What," asked
ugly?
Bliss
guests,
pointed
brother.
out
the
window.
"There goes
in blood
my own
He
will fight
you
up
to the knees."
"Come away
officers.
"We
are
saw Concord
;
again.
for
and
grimly
earnest.
Lexington
Road,
the
exit.
Paul Revere came frequently from Boston, bearing messages from Joseph
On
it
Much
too slowly
was borne
it
in
[44]
Military Affairs
But when the word was given, Concord sprang to tasks which had been designated at least a month
beforehand.
powder and
ball
The "alarm
company," true to
spot
;
their oath,
carts away.
first
But
it
stores
cannon,
and
food
were
till
in danger.
late
Then the call of war came early. Young Doctor Prescott, who had been visiting his sweetheart in Lexington, and who was returning in company
with Paul Revere, bearing the fateful news of the
coming of the
when Revere
was captured by a patrol of English officers. By a roundabout route he came to Concord with the
alarm, roused the guard at the Court-house, and
[45]
Old Concord
told his news.
fired,
and the
bell
was
in
his
tolled.
It
man
to appear
gun on
his shoulder.
And
on the Square.
Wright's Tavern was the focus of excitement for
many
in
present
ell.
Such
or-
ganization
there,
where the
ac-
was natural
The work
it
of saving the
was continued
as best
made
it
impossible
away
all
Some
or brush,
or in the woods
One
it
careful soul
whence
it
the
last
their
;
mus-
the
arrived
some
The
Military Affairs
commanders
of this little
to
hill,
Down
Lex-
Road this company marched, past the spot where Hoar had housed his Indians, past the place
where, in imagination, Hawthorne put the house
of Septimius Felton
of
Meadows toward Lexington. And then, says private Amos Barret, who was of the company, "we saw them coming." He leaves
out upon the Great
us to imagine the scene as viewed from Meriam's
Corner
British
the
in
Minutemen
scarlet,
in
homespun
the
halting, the
steel
their
gold,
and flashing
level,
advancing
upon
them
across
sunlit
meadow.
The Minutemen marched back, their drums and "and also the British. playing defiantly fifes
We
private.
by the
mes-
whom
flying
word
of the regulars.
One
spoke out.
How
[49]
Old Concord
tors, delayers.
before
night.
these invaders
in
sight,
the
fiery eager
and
its
defenders.
of
its
But the
fight
for.
And
Hill.
so the militia
was the British who now occupied the Square. and a detachment across the North Bridge.
possible hiding-places and destroying
what they
knocked
off
could.
the
at the malt-house,
But the
barrels
thus
when drawn
out, to
[So]
Military Affairs
very well.
Bullets flung into the
The quantity
of
Among them
miller's
he put
said.
mill.
hand on
these.
"This
sir.
it.
is
my
flour,"
he
"I
am
miller,
Yonder stands
In the winter
it
my
I get
my
This
living
by
grind
and get
the
this,"
and
own
is
property, "is
my
is
flour;
my
wheat;
this
my
rye;
this
mine."
The
miller
Beyond the
on Main
Street,
where
As the
in
soldiers
it
which
lay,
room was
untouched.
On
[Si]
Old Concord
site is
marked by a
tablet, lived
Martha Moulton,
years
left
old,
whom
alone with
man
of
more than
eighty.
herself,
who
de-
manded
water,
other officers
directing their
who
grass,
little
men.
"when
all
on a
gun carriages
rising
from the
Town
by
damage
much strength to her arguments as an unfortunate widow could think of," and so touched Pitcairn's heart. The fire was extinguished by the soldiers who set it,
"put
as
and
for
So far as
is
history,
;
He had
been a schoolmaster
[52]
Military Affairs
but on
this
day
his business
was to protect
its
his
temhead-
porary possessors.
quarters,
it
his
and from
And when
in threat-
hill
beyond
"very
may
be pictured as leaving
fat,
heavy
man"
ing,
as he was, at the
detachment.
after
walk-
but at any
grumbler among
his subor-
in
command
fell
the tavern.
bravely at Bunker
of
him
his
he was beloved by
adversaries.
his
is
by
But he
as
he stood,
interesting
still
at their
work
supplies.
Who
reported
the remark
No
[S3]
Old Concord
and sugar
his finger.
which
stir
"I hope so to
Was
it
musketry
Satisfaction
first,
regular volley.
What
up
its
several
duties.
Three
James Barrett,
Road.
a
still
standing
on Barrett's Mill
of the militia,
commander
man
of sixty-four, disabled
The
were largely
in re-
charge,
[54]
Military Affairs
moving them.
On
on
his
join his
men.
The
garret were
and
cartridges, stored in
open
having no time
of
feathers.
Most
however,
were
certain
field,
cannon.
then they
furrow over
were
Com-
the
commander
:
man
to
drink
he needed to be
was
men
killed
saying:
"We
are
commanded
to feed
[55]
Old Concord
our enemies."
When
:
"This
is
carriages
At
this
place.
to be sent to
said
England
Barrett,
so he
"He
is
my
son,"
Mrs.
was
As the gun
men
to
we need
remember that
in those
days
now in its cul-de-sac, carried the main road. Though now the approach is more closely shaded by trees, the place is otherwise the same. From its bend the sluggish stream flows under the
the old bridge,
simple structure
the
meadows
lie
in view.
There
is
not
To
men
this
soldiers.
his
One company he
[56]
7%^ 0/i
.E/trAa
/on?
j-
i/oiu*
the Bullet
Hole
Military Affairs
posted,
mistakenly,
of
across
the
river,
where the
Another
statue
the
Minuteman now
stands.
company he
he had come.
men
His third
company was,
In outline
two
stories
and hip
and
its
The
its
soldiers
swarmed
well;
owner was
in its cellar
with a
fish
soldiers
The
soldiers
Manse.
There
remained
with
his
family, one of
whom
to
whom
much)
at the time
the minister
in his
little
good cheer
view
two
The
militia,
[59]
Old Concord
bridge and waited on Punkatasset Hill for the rein-
More Concord
in
men
and singly or
companies,
men came
from
Joseph
Hosmer,
whom we
made adjutant
as
his
of the
strength
down
spot
Buttrick.
The
militia
marked to-day by
bullets
Street,
dropped their
among
At
this
movement
were alarmed.
two
still
any
sort.
The
summons
still
for rein-
lingered be-
great responsi-
still
[60]
Military Affairs
The news from Lexington had not yet certainly reached them. And so they hesitated,
earth.
consulting with
some
of
the
the
sun
as
bright as
in in
when
dawn
below
Lexington,
that early
it
had
called
it
glorious
the grass,
was now
clouds of
smoke
fire
;
rolling
"Will you
let
The
captains
immediately begged
to
be
sent
"I
haven't a
man
The
responsi-
it.
He
ordered Buttrick to
men
unless
fired
upon.
in
the
blood.
The Acton
;
pres-
company
pressed
61
Old Concord
up abreast
of it;
by the mounted
colonel.
In front
whom
preferred to
march
volunteer.
bridge.
At the
Laurie,
hastily
first
movement
his
of
his
position,
withdrew
men
and
At the
to take
captain's order,
some
of the
men began
up the planks
all
of the bridge, an
ment
at
Colonel Barrett's.
Buttrick,
raising his
At
this,
fired
by the
British
into the
signal
or
alarm guns, to
shot
was
it
passed between
be clear of
his
fire,
when im-
[62]
Military Affairs
mediately the British volley rang out.
Davis
fell,
of his
men.
went overhead.
whistled well."
Said
Amos
Barrett
"The
balls
Over
in the
Manse
:
fire,
He
Buttrick
sprang
"Fire,
fellow-soldiers, for
The
order
and not
The
minister
result.
Leaving
two
their officers
men, the
in the
bend
his
concealment in the
fire
on the
retreating redcoats.
But
his
away
his
gun.
Then
[63]
Old Concord
ing
up
their
comrades.
One
hastily as he passed.
The
The
the wall
'at
his right
shows
its
in pursuit,
saw the
fugi-
join
Smith's party.
retreated.
the regulars
Smith thus
Captain
fate.
The
But not
men
to
whom
Not
The
three
rein,
was gathered
in the
for the
Americans
But time
marchings
was
Therefore nothing
futile
as
the minister
[64]
Military Affairs
of
mind."
The
British
but at
last,
must
start soon
if
all,
The
by Lexington Road. For a mile this is bordered by the ridge which we have repeatedly
entered,
noticed
point,
this
It
vantage
Smith sent
it.
was on
path,
this ridge,
where Hawthorne
later
wore
his
officer.
"While the young man stood watching the marching of the troops, he heard the noise of rustling boughs, and the voices of men, and soon understood that the party, which he had seen separate itself from the main body and ascend the hill, was now marching along on the hill-top, the long ridge which, with a gap or two, extended as much as a mile from the village. One of these gaps occurred He a little way from where Septimius stood. looked and saw that the detachment of British was plunging down one side of this gap, with intent to ascend the other, so that they would pass directly over the spot where he stood ; a slight removal to one side, among the small bushes, would conceal him. He stepped aside accordingly, and from his
. . .
[6 S
Old Concord
concealment, not without drawing quicker breaths, beheld the party draw near. They were more intent upon the space between them and the main body than upon the dense thicket of birch-trees, pitch-pines, sumach, and dwarf oaks, which, scarcely yet beginning to bud into leaf, lay on the other side, and in which Septimius lurked.
"[Describe (says Hawthorne's memorandum) how their faces affected him, passing so near; how strange they seemed.] "They had all passed, except an officer who brought up the rear, and who had perhaps been attracted by some slight motion that Septimius made, some rustle in the thicket ; for he stopped, fixed his eyes piercingly towards the spot where he stood, and levelled a light fusil which he carried. 'Stand out, or I shoot,' said he. "Not to avoid the shot, but because his manhood felt a call upon it not to skulk in obscurity from an open enemy, Septimius at once stood forth, and confronted the same handsome young officer with whom those fierce words had passed on account of his rudeness to Rose Garfield. Septimius's fierce Indian blood stirred in him, and gave a murderous excitement. "'Ah, it is you !' said the young officer, with a haughty smile. 'You meant, then, to take up with my hint of shooting at me from behind a hedge. This is better. Come, we have in the first place the great quarrel between me, a king's soldier, and you a rebel ; next our private affair, on account of yonder pretty girl. Come, let us take a shot on either score !' "The young officer was so handsome, so beautiful, in budding youth ; there was such a free, gay
66
'
Military Affairs
petulance in his manner; there seemed so little of real evil in him; he put himself on equal ground with the rustic Septimius so generously, that the latter, often so morbid and sullen, never felt a greater kindness for fellow-man than at this moment for this youth. "'I have no enmity towards you,' said he; 'go
in peace.'
"'No enmity!' replied the officer. 'Then why were you here with your gun amongst the shrubbery ? But I have a mind to do my first deed of arms on you so give up your weapon, and come with me as prisoner.'
;
prisoner !' cried Septimius, that Indian fierceness that was in him arousing itself, and thrusting If you up its malign head like a snake. 'Never would have me, you must take my dead body.' '"Ah, well, you have pluck in you, I see, only it needs a considerable stirring. Come, this is a good quarrel of ours. Let us fight it out. Stand where you are, and I will give the word of command. Now ; ready, aim, fire "As the young officer spoke these three last words, in rapid succession, he and his antagonist brought their firelocks to the shoulder, aimed and fired. Septimius felt, as it were, the sting of a gadfly pass!
!
"'A
ing across his temple as the Englishman's bullet grazed it ; but, to his surprise and horror (for the whole thing scarcely seemed real to him), he saw the officer give a great start, drop his fusil, and stagger against a tree, with his hand to his breast."
and out
into
[
the open,
]
the regulars
67
Old Concord
marched.
gins,
from Bedford.
ridge
As the
front
The
and
fired
on
their pursuers.
so acI
"When
many
lay dead,
mile,
but
From
bullets
from
hill-top
and wood,
marksmen.
figures
body
Men
dropped
in
the
ranks,
Pitcairn
was
wounded and
their swords
had to turn
demoralized
upon
their
men
said
to keep
flight,
and
it
is
that
rank to
whom
And
[68]
r 0h
The Monument of 1836, and across
the Bridge the
"Minute Man'
Military Affairs
when
met
(in
own
mouths
like those of
little rest
fifteen miles
more
of flight
lines,
reached their
until they
later.
own
Such was,
Fight.
for
on either
The
his-
we look at French's noble statue of the fine young Minuteman leaving the plow in the furrow to
But
as
we must not
the day.
its
But even
was guided
The organiza-
[71]
Old Concord
tion of the
old;
through-
out
the
;
province
rosters
were
complete
And
at
haphazard
The
worthy to be commemorated
in bronze;
but we
and
his wise
man was
its
captains.
wounded.
who
as chaplain
his
way
At home the two prominent men were Ephraim Wood and Joseph Hosmer, whose work in regulating the community and in gathering stores for the army was many times worth their possible
services at the front.
siege,
Concord, the
and the
[72]
Military Affairs
church.
are few.
Concord
Said one
I
war period
wary individual
I will
"For myself
think
The
was
confiscated.
And
Joseph Lee came a second time under the unfavorable notice of his townsmen.
He was
ordered to
his
own
should be
killed, his
The canny
managed
of his house
whenever the
spirit
moved them.
is
The
their
the same
as that of
the
New
men
to later wars.
was neglected.
The
high-
way was
was a memorial
set
had stood
monument which,
its
impressive in
tion
plainness, bears
proud
inscrip-
commemorating the
first forcible
resistance to
[73]
Old Concord
British aggression.
By
the wall
lie
whom
for
more than
Soldiers"
a century
and
a quarter there
was no
carved
on
an unfinished
slab.
The
only recently.
where the
Chester
militia
French's
Minuteman.
But
the
monuments subdue
The
rustic surroundings
and
only in the
its
placid
mood
and the
tempted
muse upon
his spirit in
memory
[74]
^^r
H'f%
Chiefly Literary
Ill
TO
fit
let
us trace once
more the
Square, they
make
it difficult
tell,
more
carefully than
was needed
modern
Concord.
With
this
in
history can be
more
clearly followed.
So again
let
At the
left
is
short
generations
younger.)
Monument
it
Street curves
away over
a gentle rise;
borders
[79]
Old Concord
fertile
earliest
farms.
And
here,
turn to the right, to meet the river, two of the ancient houses face each other,
its fields,
the
Manse among
of
the ridge.
directly
onward to the
left
hand
of the Square,
between
Town
on
ford
Street,
much
traveled
by the
tourist
way
to
Town
Hall
is
the yellow
A
rise,
short
leads
up a gentle
hundred yards
farther,
At the end
of the Square,
we have
its
right.
These two
mod-
ern interest
is
1900.
stucco dwelling
now
[80]
/rr^'is^w-"./:
x -V
,
the
D. A. R.
Chiefly
Literary
The wide
street
stretches
on,
past
now
stands the
Heywood
house.
this turn
and
coming on
this
errand.
As we go past
Heywood
and chestnuts.
its
plain digstir
imagination.
This
is
background
trees.
over a
little
rise
ridge which,
hand,
this
borders
;
Beyond
little
Moore
to the left
and here
in a bay, as
it
way, and
the
hill,
in a hollow
made by
a little recession of
elms,
unoccupied.
This
is
the
[83]
Old Concord
"Orchard House" of the Alcotts, now a museum
to their
memory.
The
ridge rises,
between
side,"
its
it
and the
It
is
Hawthorne's "Way-
dark depths.
The
effect
is
carefully preserved
But the
spell,
its
little
white
The
enclosed
grape.
a mile
stops.
trellis tells
On
and
from the
village,
the
abruptly
into the
sunny
field of a
bloody
encounter.
street,
At the end
of
its
short length,
left.
Walden
Speedily quit-
meadows
until
is
begins to climb a
Hill,
wooded
for
slope.
The
ascent
Brister's
named
the
bygone freedman
[84]
Chiefly
Literary
of the hill
left
lies
natural
of the
beauty and
earliest
skating.
Members members
(those
ago
well.
To
the
a quarter
top of the
rise,
itself
opens
through the
trees.
Walden
often
lies
in a
deep basin,
wooded,
irregular,
;
very pleasing.
is
It has
no
inlet
and no outlet
higher in
it
(a
natural curiosity)
summer than
in spring.
but mostly
its
expanse
silent
and deserted.
site of
To
shows the
road
and turn
first
He will find
himself
[8 5
Old Concord
From the point where Walden Street began, Main Street continues the line of the Milldam. The house beyond the bank building, setting back
from the
street,
Next
lies
as the
At the
left,
Road branches
modeled.
to the
Opposite,
on Main
Street,
begins
the
series of buildings
so important in Concord.
street,
And on
the
left of
the
where he spent
Main Street farther, Thoreau Street and Nashawtuc Road meet then Elm Street branches off, at the next corner
decline.
own
Following
from the
by Frank
Main
beyond
"Cot-
on the
[86]
Chiefly
tage."
Literary
this
is
In
Little
Women,
in fact
described as Meg's
"Dovecote"; but
in
it
farthest important
If
landmark,
visitor
is
the
map
of the
town to
nearest
to
connecting
For while
was
built
by the martial
minister,
its
flash of the
bridge,
names
of
Concord
one for
writers.
its
aspect
distinction.
its
road, with
modest gambrel
its
weather-
beaten clapboards,
and
in
melancholy brooding
over
gaze.
its
It
low
the
recall
when
is
its
fields
maintained
if
its
owners.
And
that
plain living
Manse
[89]
Old Concord
to the ownership of William Emerson's widow,
after
who
For
his
successor.
still
in his
school of which he
last
example.
parishioners,
his office,
of books,
and a kindness
tinguished him.
Not experienced
ways
of
by any
travel-
but
in the difficulties
life,
etiquette of parochial
or surer speech.
term
Doctor
comer:
"Mr. M.,
my
come
know very
well)
impossible for
me
[90]
Chiefly
belonging to the Manse.
sociate
Literary
With
this field
we may as-
two
stories of the
He
took
an innocent pride
ground, and
it
famous
was
have
his hired
field
man
would be the
And
it
was perhaps
in this
very
field
almost
"He
and
rake,
raked very
fast,
said,
'We
!
mind your
hand
' ;
George
We
and
mine
seemed to
say,
this field
is
!'"
The old clergyman gave back the ancient roadway to the town for the dedication of the monument
Emerson wrote
his
beautiful
man knew
each house
it
;
and
[91]
Old Concord
to the ownership of William Emerson's widow,
after
who
For
his
successor.
still
in his
parishioners,
his office,
of books,
dis-
tinguished him.
Not experienced
in the
ways
of
but in the
life,
difficulties
etiquette of parochial
or surer speech.
term a
Doctor
comer:
"Mr. M.,
my
come
know very
well)
impossible for
me
[90]
"
Chiefly
belonging to the Manse.
sociate
Literary
With
this field
we may as-
two
stories of the
He
took
an innocent pride
ground, and
it
famous
was
have
his hired
field
man
would be the
And
it
was perhaps
Emerson, haying
"He
and
rake,
raked very
fast,
said,
'We
say,
George!
We
and
seemed to
is
mine
The old clergyman gave back the ancient roadway to the town for the dedication of the monument
Emerson wrote
his
beautiful
of
man knew
each house
it
;
and
[91]
Old Concord
especially he gave
me
church members
me how
At
a certain funeral he
re-
man whose
"There
;
temptations sometimes
overcame him.
family
left
is
no
man
of this
large
but you
and
it
rests
you
fail
Ichabod,
Of
the glory
is
departed
of
Let
in
us pray."
sot or spendthrift,
any one
demand an explanation
the fault.
In his
little
"it
is
of
ghost
is
a fiction
it
that he heard
sighing,
sermons.
"Once, while
in the
Hilliard
twilight, there
ister's silk
came
a rustling noise as of a
min-
of the
company
the chairs."
[92]
Chiefly
Literary
to visit
To
with
the
their
And
it
may have
young Ralph Waldo, on parting after a bereavement which had severed the last bloodsaid to the relationship between
brothers to
done.
like to
come
will
You
I shall
be neglected."
it
Consequently
his
new
for-
fields
my
Here he
lived
the
first
Nature.
Even
after
he had
left
the
Manse
own,
and
after
a visitor
Apparently
attracted
him from
the
first,
by
its
He
its
feels
secure,
in
its
who from
the
93
Old Concord
road could thrust his head into other domestic
circles.
Doubtless
nook
of a
study"
in the
window-panes cracked
by the
and
its
walls blackened
by the smoke
of generations.
Yet
In
woodwork
1842,
brought
Manse.
first sight,
The
it
seclusion
which he valued at
he
Yet
Hawthorne
of
letters
closer
we can
in
elsewhere get
most
others.
The
intimate
The
from the wash-tub froze on the servant's beauty of the summers, the joy
in nature,
and the
in
in
each other
these
we may
are
shown
and
letter.
Morbid,
think,
was
visitors.
But
this
his nature.
[94]
Chiefly
Literary
split
Hawthorne was
his
own workman,
the
wood
in emergencies,
Whatever he
held
did,
his
wife
admired
tres-
him
for
it,
him
in reverence,
would not
guilt
when the beauty of the sun her call him to the window.
her child
shower made
Idealist as she
was
many minute
payment
sold
and printed,
fretting at debt,
and yet
jesting,
as he
man
solitude, the
hermitage.
By
persistent kindness
of the occupants
him
to find a
First of
:
man
all
of such
individuality as Hawthorne.
he noted
his aspect
was
regal,
And
then
[97]
Old Concord
his
reticence
ac-
his
own
oracular attitude.
talks to
"Mr. Emerson
all
delights in
him; he
him
He
one
Whenever he
and dead-set
may
interrupt
him
in his
close
first
a strong
bond
of
mutual
interest
that
gleam diffused
about his
;
and
man
alive as
if
he expected to
reis
The
picture
unforgettable.
Another
Thoreau.
before,
Manse
at this time
was
Here were
still
for the
contemplativeness of Thoreau, as
townsmen, was,
as
it
His robustness
[98]
Chiefly
Literary
much
to visit
Hawthorne
as to
way down-stream.
Hawthorne found
in
him
and a
tures
two
Manse,
when Emerson
Thoreau
"figuring
Hawlured
and
grave."
;
The
Hawthorne
it.
music-box
Thoreau
he delighted in
The romancer
if
pur-
in
mockery
of the
boat the
close, in
ous
and abrupt
for
nature.
It
lover,
more
of a hermit than
less
any
because both
self,
it
[99]
Old Concord
greatest pleasure out of doors.
And
if
Thoreau has
Hawthorne more
else
"Strange and happy days were those when we aside all irksome forms and straight-laced habitudes, and delivered ourselves up to the free
cast
air,
to live like Indians or any less conventional Rowrace during the bright semi-circle of the sun.
ing our boat against the current, between wide meadows, we turned aside into the Assabeth. A more lovely stream than this, for a mile above its junction with the Concord, has never flowed on
earth,
nowhere,
indeed,
sheltered from
the breeze by woods and a hillside so that elsewhere there might be a hurricane, and here scarcely a ripple across the shaded water. The current lingers along so gently that the mere force of the boatman's will seems sufficient to propel his craft against it. At one point there is a lofty bank, on the slope of which grow some hemlocks, declining across the stream with arms outstretched, as if resolute to take the plunge. In other places the banks are almost level with the water; so that the quiet congregation of trees set their feet in the flood, and are fringed with foliage down to the
.
surface.
"So amid sunshine and shadow, rustling leaves and sighing waters, up gushed our talk like the babble of a fountain. The evanescent spray was
Ellery's
;
and
his, too,
ioo
Chiefly
Literary
. .
.
that lay glimmering in the fountain's bed. But the chief profit of those wild days to him and me lay, not in any angular or rounded truth, which we dug out of the shapeless mass of problematical stuff, but in the freedom which we thereby won from all custom and conventionalism and fettering influences of man on man. We were so free to-day that it was impossible to be slaves again to-morrow. When we crossed the threshold of the house or trod the thronged pavements of a city, still the leaves of the trees that overhung the Assabeth were whispering to us, 'Be free! Be free!' Therefore along that shady river bank there are spots, marked with a heap of ashes and half consumed brands, only less sacred in my memory than the hearth of a household fire."
The hemlocks which Hawthorne here describes are still a feature of the river. They lie on the Assabet, only a little way above Egg Rock, the jutting ledge which marks the meeting of this stream
stood.
The waters
now
it
discolored
;
by
but
requires but
Musketaquid "
Under
their
many
bridges
en-
when Hawthorne
[IOI]
Old Concord
joyed their peace;
vistas, the
overhanging trees
shady
out
retreats,
which
waters.
still
tempt
nature
lovers
upon the
more
To Concord came
occasionally Hawthorne's
him
out.
Franklin Pierce,
Except
work while
at
the
in the Mosses.
For a
by the
accept
position
the
customs
service.
His
brief.
;
is
no measurement of time
from the tumult of
life's
and
in a spot so sheltered
away with
valley.
We
102]
The Hemlocks
Chiefly
tall
Literary
At the time when Hawthorne first came to Concord, Emerson was already widely known. Nature,
written at the Manse, had been followed
by the
new light. These last soon began to flock around him in his new home on Lexington Road.
This dwelling
is
Turnpike.
The Emerson
;
one
field
lies
across the
brook.
by
well-to-do Bostonian
When
he
his
Emerson married
the
purchased
bride to
it
vacant house
and bringing
immediately after
his marriage,
he lived
The
building has
New
;
England architec-
and
its
dignity also
its
Doric porch-columns
and
its
concealment or pretence.
[105]
Old Concord
and chestnuts, with a few younger evergreens,
shades
If
it
there
is
no other
shelter.
Manse
echoes
who made
it
frankness of this other house, tempered always by the restraint of a fine self-respect, equally personifies
its
Hawthorne seemed
al-
ways to withdraw
kindly welcome.
Of
all
who came
to that door,
left
a more
as a
who
his acquaintance.
He
describes
man
down
at
visitor
with a vague
Emerson was
by
the
less
high
Howells
felt
charm of Emerson's
and
The
smile was
indeed incomparably
sweet,
with
a quaintness, gravity,
was baffled to
describe.
understood,
ness.
it
was inseparable
qualities
from
his kindli-
These
showed
[106]
Chiefly Literary
smile,
the village.
her childhood
"My
when he
earliest
remembered glimpse
tall,
of
him was
appeared
my
face,
but with a
upon
of
...
It then
became one
my
street.
distinct
exaltation followed
my
glance
And
and sang
to
him ("a
la Bettina",
The
Its
interior of the
one side
shelves.
is
on simple
all
Yet
here that
Emerson wrote
the
1835.
on
his
many
journals, or
from
own
retentive
107]
Old Concord
which go to make the treasury of
essays.
in It
his
collected
thought
his
and nature
He
seldom quoted.
full of
mark one
all
the philosophers
whom Europe
In one
The study
is
On
of
the
them
Over the
copy of Michel-
good
New England
period.
many
years inhabited
it.
then a boarding-
[108]
In Emerson's Study
Chiefly
Literary
broke
in
too
much
upon
where
his time.
its
gardens,
Then occurred
self
and
his wife of
which he so quaintly
tells
she brought
many of
their descendants
about in the
admi-
gardens have
come,
in
part,
from
Emersonian enclosure.
But
it
He
His
little
am
The
own
his
:
ac-
And
con-
sentence
"The
his
But
we cannot
associate
Emerson with
we may
about the
all
[in]
Old Concord
place.
He
Emerkinds
Alcott came
At the
still
left of
it
was
woods.
This material so
as-
as
plained that he
nothing.
as
if
As
and mosquitoits
even
undeniable
be pictu-
In contrast
we may think
"John Thoreau,
one
day put a
years ago,
blue-bird's
it
box on
my
barn,
it
fifteen
must
be,
and there
still
it,
is,
with
every
summer
a melodious family in
adorning
gift
There's a
[H2]
Chiefly
Literary
The
by
a spring
"
Sam "
to
him
who always
on to the
response
the
The attempt
when
the young
pulled
men
it
of the
town came
in
night
and
down.
One Concord
woman, when asked, "Do you understand Mr. Emerson ?" to one of whose lectures she was going,
replied
:
"Not
as
a word, but
I like
if
to go and see
him
was
as
good
he was."
But
who said that he had heard all of Mr. Emerson's Lyceum lectures, added: "and understood 'em, too." And unforgettable is the picture of Concord
welcoming Emerson returning from Europe to the
house which his neighbors, after
its fire,
had helped
erected for
more distant
friends to rebuild.
They
him a triumphal
it,
under
No wonder
when he
common
in
Concord."
[US]
Old Concord
When
it
came time
for
Emerson to
die, his
work
of
full
He was
War.
He
their
way.
his
men and women on Those who had never heard his name
and the present generation
knew
is
message;
When
in the spring of
The constancy
is
of
Emerson to
his ancestral
town
and comings of
Alcott,
at least for a
number
he lived
Hosmer Cottage, on Main Street beyond the railroad bridge. The place, though small, was complete with its
numerous
little
rooms,
its
barn and
sheds.
mansard
roof,
it
looks the
many
of
[114]
Street
Chiefly
Literary
have
lately
been published
this
in
And from
house Alcott
on
his
pay
for his
new
to, of course.
And
The
the patient
she
their fortune.
The coming
some help
"Wayside."
"mean-looking
af-
mediately enlarged
terraces
He made
And
for three
years
this
was
the
home
of
the
its
fun.
Fuller
came to
Old Concord
call.
They
'"Well, Mr. Alcott, you have been able to carry out your methods in your own family, and I should like to see your model children.' "She did in a few moments, for as the guests stood on the door steps a wild uproar approached, and round the corner of the house came a wheelbarrow holding baby May arrayed as a queen I was the horse, bitted and bridled and driven by my elder sister Anna, while Lizzie played dog and barked as loud as her gentle voice permitted. "All were shouting and wild with fun which, however, came to a sudden end as we espied the stately group before us, for my foot tripped, and down we all went in a laughing heap, while my mother put a climax to the joke by saying with a dramatic wave of the hand "'Here are the model children, Miss Fuller.'"
;
:
costumes and
Mrs.
circle of girls
and boys
No
reader of Little
Women
life
needs any
at Hillside.
[118]
Chiefly
Literary
No
varied
one ever
left in
In character they
Anna,
the
oldest,
was domestic
;
quite as
many
and
of the
it
left
fine letters,
hearty approval.
many
Elizabeth was
gentle
later
and sweet,
among
the
poor.
she rode
was
is
artistic,
she
famous
made
[119]
Old Concord
But no one
in the Alcott
household could
life.
fail
of ac-
It
may have
slaves.
"My
George Washington
whom
him
also,
shared
its
dinner with
all
who came to
ask.
They
"One snowy Saturday night," writes Miss Alcott, "when our wood was very low, a poor child came to
beg a
little,
as the
was upon us, more wood could be had. My father said, 'Give half our stock, and trust in Providence the weather
;
and the father on mother hesitated Very cold weather and a Sunday to be got through before
sick
baby was
My
moderate, or wood will come.' Mother laughed, and answered in her cheery way, 'Well, their need is greater than ours, and if our half gives out, we can go to bed and tell stories.' So a generous half went to the poor neighbor, and a little later in the eve, when the storm still raged and we were about to cover our fire to keep it, a knock came, and a farmer who usually supplied us appeared, saying anxiously,
will
[
120]
'
Chiefly
'
Literary
started for Boston with a load of wood, but it want to go home. Wouldn't you like to have me drop the wood here ; it would accommodate me, and you needn't hurry about paying for it.' ' Yes,' said father ; and as the man went off he turned to mother with a look that much impressed us children with his gifts as a seer, ' Didn't I tell you
I
drifts so I
the weather did not moderate ? Mother's motto was, 'Hope, and keep busy,' and one of her sayings, Cast your bread upon the waters, and after many days it will come back buttered.' "
if
'
With such
Though Emerson
quently on
short
commons.
its
Emerson waver
wrote,
is
He
he
"Once more
for Alcott
it
may be
said that
his task,
sincerely
and not
And
fusal to
Staples,
the
jailer,
when he
laws
said after he
pay
his
poll-tax as
it
man
talk honester."
was
get deeper
of
life
difficulties.
"The
trials
began about
this time,"
[121]
Old Concord
"and
my happy
childhood
ended."
The house
upon
selves
their mother,
so preyed
coming
to
call,
recent tears.
"what does
As was
mean
?"
The
employment
ily council.
were
Miss Alcott
many
"and always
pre-
the
hill
and then
settled
down
for 'a
good think'
in
my
to
favorite
retreat.
It
used
I
to wrestle with
my
sums.
...
think
began to shoulder
my
it
brought
back again.
life
There
was
drudgery
the
[
housekeeping,
uncongenial
122]
Chiefly
Literary
herself
if
best
fitted.
prosperity was
alone.
won
it
must be by her
By
in
in
his
With
this
knowledge, then,
down
also
by anxiety
lies
buried.
took
it
up
again.
first
Her
only
sister
Anna's engagement
seemed at
another
bereavement:
"over
"I
moaned
in
my
all
great loss."
But
"Now
for
that John
we
had cause to
bless the
day he came
we gained
and even
a son
best
tive
Her writing
of imagina-
somewhat; but
she tried
The
123
Old Concord
approach of the country toward
found her intensely interested
;
its
years of trial
last
and when at
The
thorne.
family was
now
living
in
the
"Orchard
House."
Hawits
The
considered
useless
still
but
timbers to be
to his fancy.
according
the
many
invention.
His
did
the
painting
and
papering, and
May
is
are there.
As to the
pleasant to
know
plicity, so little in
modern
ideas,
arose as
Alcott
chief
natural
that,
all
should
cluster
around
place.
Its
home and
hospitality.
[
124]
:iT
....
Orchard House,
Home
of the Alcotls
Chiefly
Literary
From
this
"We
the last
had
all,"
full of
all
courage
till
moment
that
I
came
then
we
broke down.
I realized
had taken
my
life in
my
them
I
all
again.
Mother
and
?'
as
hugged her
close.
'No, go
woman;
till
proved
in her
hand.
away her
joy of
life
elasticity.
From
departed.
for,
And
Her
father
by the
public.
She
felt
Her
wrote
in her diary
"September, 1867.
asked
Niles,
book.
me
to write a
girls'
[127]
Old Concord
She
tried.
The
result
was
Little
Women.
first
What would
appear to be the
at the
half of the
in the spring
Orchard House
of 1868.
Never
but our
my
sisters
may
prove interesting,
though
doubt
No
The
wonder
that,
years
afterward,
she
wrote
whose
The second
if
part of the
in
November.
who
the
little
women
marry, as
life.
won't marry
And
called
so at
it,
last
came
into
own.
She might,
in a letter
money."
thought (and in
we can
"we made
The
our
own
great.
drain of over-
[128]
Chiefly
Literary
of industry often
made mere
time her
Though from
this
Yet
no hint of
The
for a
room
side."
of her own.
it
till
at "Hill-
Her
father, all
now, had
was made
possible.
At one
side of the
left of
Orchard House as
one views
it
mer
its
school
of thirty pupils
and
;
its
many more
visitors.
There
amused
from her
guile-
father.
The
school
existed
for
only a few
years.
The
and
its
but
it
was
for
more than
sights.
129]
Old Concord
for her.
after the
her sister
May,
European marriage,
baby daughter
moved
to
Here, or in
Many
her,
But her
father
was
The
him
;
still
many
jourstill
nals
of the
Alcott
we can only wonder. They passed away. died in Boston on March 4, 1888. On the
his funeral his
morning of
to rest.
their
achievements.
Their
town remembers
in difficulties,
more.
for
unwavering purpose
130]
Chiefly
neighborliness,
Literary
in
Con-
We have
property of Hawthorne,
name to "Wayside." After seven years spent away from Concord, chiefly in Salem, Lenox, and West Newton,
who changed
its
Hawthorne returned,
in
1852,
advance of
the nailing
down
He
his
woods, sold
of
interest
on
his investment.
trees.
grow up with
And
own
vision, as expressed
one of
filled,
He had
life,
written
" I sat
of
like a
a shrubbery sprang
saplings,
exit
until
no
ap-
[I3i]
Old Concord
my
obscurity."
life
And
mental
at this place.
in
Con-
first
tenancy of the
Tales,
and a campaign
woods with
as
his family,
and saw
he could.
He had no
away
but
He
left in
sum-
mer
of i860.
sojourn a wide
made him
his
But
had broken.
he wished to
literary plans,
himself
quiet
study.
So besides other
is
"tower" which
the strik-
tower
woods creep
close.
Even here
there
is
132]
Chiefly
Literary
is
the strongest
reminder of him.
"A
staircase,
the open-
by a
The room
was a four-
feet
ceiling, instead of
being
flat,
There were
five
ones' opening
upon a
sit in
might walk or
suitable weather.
The
walls
There was a
closet for
books on
hill.
southern
windows.
spring;
pleasant
in
autumn and
dered the air
stifling,
summer
the heat of
day
and
Septimius
and Dr.
Grimshawe,
and the
Dolliver fragment."
[135]
Old Concord
saw Emerson,
side,"
called also
upon Hawthorne
at
"Wayhas his
of the great
romancer.
But
Alcott,
own word
sire
to avoid notice.
The
his
Hawthorne to
of
by both
crisis
his
own
coming of the
as
Pierce's
Civil
and
friend,
Hawthorne
felt
the
situation
keenly.
He
toward the
close of
crest,
exist.
"We
which
his
passed
clear.
Along
this
violets, of a blue
own
eyes.
My
[136]
Chiefly
Literary
him that
it
The
the motive of a
bloody footstep.
of these he
wrought into
house and
(as
we have
seen)
on the
hilltop behind.
finished.
near.
He was
and
became
slow.
trip
White Mountains.
And
it
is
ap-
of death,
"A
to Concord from Cambridge to requests of him. I remained only an hour, having to take the afternoon train back to
came up
make some
college.
He was
sitting in the
sisters
[
bedroom
upstairs
also.
my
was
mother and
my
two
were there
It
137]
Old Concord
a pleasant morning in early May. I made my request (whatever it was) and, after listening to the ins and outs of the whole matter, he acceded to it.
and was the more gratified. I said good-by, and went to the door, where I stood a moment looking back into the room. He was standing at the foot of the bed, leaning against it, and looking at me with a smile. He had on his old dark coat his hair was almost wholly white, and he was very pale. But the expression of his face was one of beautiful kindness, the gladness of having done me a pleasure, and perhaps something
I
had
more, that
know
of."
left
for
his
but an
at
old, old
man, he stood
for a
moment
gazing
me.
My
mother sobbed,
as
side
him
to the carriage.
We
his journey.
He
His
New
Hampshire,
in
in the night of
his
sleep.
May
body
18-19,
lies
1864,
peacefully
Among
was
"Wayside"
a simple memorial
of his birth.
erected to
close at hand,
stands
Ephraim Wales
[138]
Chiefly
Literary
He came
to
;
Con-
he had
But
as time
went on,
caused
any then
day, chief
in
cultivation,
since the
grapes of his
Isabella,
New
England.
He had
Find-
somewhat superior
"whole,
he crossed
it
the fruit.
and
all,
at a depth of
two
had
about the
first
thoroughly
boards.
I
ripened,
of the large
saving.
On
was
I
when
'Why,
this
is
Isabella!'"
From
this grape,
money.
He
139]
Old Concord
had not the business knowledge of the nurserymen,
into
this
of the profits
from
horticulturist bred.
in
The
poverty, though
never neglected.
He
and was
always
of
much
respected.
Personally he was a
a
man
oc-
oddities.
He had
formidable temper;
When
in
public
life,
he wore a
silk hat,
But when
as
as
an aged
man
gown and
little
black
He
died in
1895 and
The
little
best memorial of
vine,
still
him
is
to be seen
by
trellis,
near the
Grapevine Cottage.
Lexington Road leads on to Meriam's Corner,
in the wall
From
this
140]
Academy Lane
Chiefly
of Thoreau's birthplace.
Literary
But the house has been
it
would be
difficult
to
outdoor
steadily
life
possessed
him through
for
youth, and
days,
college
at
last
made
it
impossible
him to
live
the
first
conventional
life.
He
In
did indeed
make the
venture
common
to the
young
old
college graduate
school-teaching.
the
schoolhouse on
the
of
avoiding
corporal
ideal.
punishment.
But
The
school com-
mittee complained.
Thoreau
tried their
method by
because his
in his resignation
He
then
Academy, the
of the street
site of
which
it
is
recalled
by the name
on which
stood,
Academy Lane.
away from the work. His life at the Emerson house allowed him the desultory employment which he preferred, giving him time to himself. But as more and more he
so turned desired complete independence, so he experimented
[
143
Old Concord
toward the means
for
it.
He
:
too
human society; he enjoyed it much, and never made a move toward avoiding
Indeed, in spite of his strong taste for
his
his friends.
solitude,
for
him
was
When
once, while he
a boy, his
would buckle on
his eyes filled
by
shall not
go
you
shall stay at
home and
with us."
Stay at
home
did.
in
He was
So when
at
in 1845
society.
He knew
route
and
not,
see
if
I I
it
when
came to
die,
144]
Chiefly
Literary
less
lies
by road
is
village,
acres,
now,
then,
completely
sur-
rounded
by woods.
fires
Campers
and
the
railroad
have brought
moth has
pond
seems
is
necessitated
much
cutting;
therefore the
But
above
is
remote.
Here on Emerson's
land,
marked by the
cairn of stones
Hawthorne,
the furnishings
settled
there
before
summer.
was
in observing the
of the fields
and woods.
leg,
swam
by the
tail,
his
row alighted on
his shoulder,
he
felt it
"a
greater
He
[145]
Old Concord
his woodpile. his
later
essays,
flected.
him
at his hut.
He
To
speaks
know when their visit had ended, he gave a broad hint by leaving them, answering them "from
did not
greater and greater remoteness."
It
is
station
for
"It
offers
may
not be good
we have
a picture of
him
in
employment
at a later period.
"I
sat
and
He must
be
He
During
his
Walden
period,
Thoreau had
his brief
[146]
Chiefly
against the
Literary
Going to the
village to
in
Mexican War.
"Why
joinder.
are
re-
He
interested in the
his release his fine,
new experience, placidly accepted on the morrow because some one had paid
where to be seen."
Thoreau
left
Walden
at the end of
two
years,
and
lived at the
Emerson house
for nearly
two years
Europe.
in the
Then
life,
Thoreau lived
aid, rebuilt
house which
street.
with his
on the main
Literary success
came to him;
But he
the
still
lived
an individual
life.
He tramped
fields as
fre-
human
nature,
in the village
till
He
interested himself,
Hav-
H9]
Old Concord
ing improved the machine for grinding the lead, and
after learning to
make
up
In
the work,
it
and Indian
relics,
his writ-
much
changed.
But
in this
house Thoreau
life.
felt
the
deeply affect-
The two
had
Main
Street house.
his imprison-
for
Cap-
than at
His
critics
had reproached
aloofness, but
now he showed
Exposure
in
even
his
vigorous
[ISO]
Chiefly
like
life,
Literary
some
and he studied
in the
same way.
well,
He was
cheerful,
he bore sleeplessness
and he vividly
he had his
came
When
His
and when
in their
awe
of the sick
man
they were
friends,
my
own."
his sick
made
re-
bed pleasant.
"I
am
enjoying existence as
much
as ever,
and
gret nothing."
died.
In
May,
Beyond
this
Main
life)
on Elm
Street,
stands
Coming
superior
who
he
school
for
their
children,
taught here for eight years, and has resided here for
He was
a leader in the
151
Old Concord
own
scholars took such
happy
he has passed on to
abolitionist
us.
had
as
its
dangers,
prominent
Brown
as a
of those north-
men who were aware that Brown was preparing some movement for the freeing of the slaves, and who were providing him with money.
ern
As
full,
Mr.
San-
Officers sent
by the
him
in
his
and
tried to force
him
into a carriage.
Though
sister's calls
brought help.
of the attempt
The
;
and guessing
its
fill
him to do
so.
The
sheriff
[152]
Chiefly
the
officers,
Literary
employ
of the
State of Massachusetts
respondent
writings.
During
its
was
secre-
tary,
and was
That shy
genius,
life in
The
its
building
Mr. Sanborn
with
shrubbery
it
own.
From
"The
is
last of the
is
Sanborn
often called,
Con-
cord streets
locks,
by
his
tall,
and
The
whether of
is
more general
Neither
it
here possible to do
much
roads
it
grew, and
[155]
Old Concord
seldom run straight for more than a
little
distance.
The
by
half-mile
of
Main
under
Street
beginning at
the
or turn
its
road
the
ground
that
Concord's
it is
site
meadows,
there
is
any uniformity
The undulations
Be-
of colonial architecture.
fields,
rising
is
If
in
America there
New
its
England town.
Concord,
still
and
vital,
notable
among
kind.
[156]
?&&$
IV
INrally attract
in stones
any town
attention,
from the
interest either
odd
on
Concord's
two older
hill,
cemeteries,
Main
and on the
have abundant
interest
for
earlier
all,
graves for
many
earlier
this
matter cannot be
church.
Both
names of
we
are now.
[159]
Old Concord
The
virtues of the departed were impressed
upon the
a smile.
having
come
and died
life."
in the
Tilly Merrick
"had an
government."
excellently
"An
excell-
a physician
of distinguished virtue
in a
virtuous
posterity;
and,
died
inscriptions
traits
manly
bear
Such
is
"He was
all
the
churches
years
:
many
his actions
[160]
hospitality
a lover of good
men
sober, just,
tem-
perate
cellent
good master."
Besides these claims to virtue, the old stones
frequently bear moral sentiments or serious reflections,
the Bible.
felt also
the attrac-
tiveness of poetry,
Concord cemeteries we
have
gerel
many examples
Thus
"My
dady and my mamy dears, dry up your Here I must lie till Christ appears."
tears,
"The
Ascend the mansions of the blest, Where Paul and Silas and John the Baptist
And
all
advan-
men
of
more importance
town.
Here
lie
[161]
Old Concord
cord,
Daniel
Bliss,
William Emerson,
and Ezra
Cuming, and
Hugh
Cargill
and here
two
the order to
executed
it.
this,
advantage of picturesqueness.
pointing upward,
make
Or
trees,
best
shown
when
world
these are
:
reminders
of the living
and
life,
St.
Bernard's
Church.
to
yet
But one
beauties.
in his
life,
stone,
humbly
set apart,
its
brings
more
than do
other interests or
of a
man
for
insignificant
an epitaph
162
was penned by
when the struggle of the Revolution was drawing near, and when Bliss saw his hopes of his future vanishing away in the new doctrines of liberty, there died in Concord a negro who had but recently been a slave. With a cynicism showing no tenderness for the man, Bliss made him immortal
In the days
by an epitaph.
to-day for
It
People study
;
its
clear antithesis
but we
may remember
too that
throws a light
God
wills us free,
man
wills us slaves.
I will as
God
lies
wills,
God's
will
be done.
Here
the body of
John Jack
native of Africa
who
died
March
Tho' born
He was
He
Till
born
Tho' he lived
in a land of liberty
lived a slave.
by
He
[163]
Old Concord
Gave him
his final emancipation,
And
set
him on
He
The grave
ing the
of
John Jack
lies
always
and
if it
days the
for-
by Miss Mary
from the rear of
far
the cemetery.
the
lilies
was
this
spinster
who
planted
recall
not
only the slave, but also the devoted lady and the
cause for which she worked.
is
Sleepy Hol-
From
the Square
it
is
reached by Bedford
Street,
ground.
Beyond
steep
this for
its
many
amphitheater a farmer's
The
re-
name
of Sleepy
it
nature-
and
it
was a favorite
[164]
Concord
it.
writers.
In especial, Hawthorne
was fond of
"...
in
Sleepy
Hollow.
of
The present season, a thriving field Indian corn, now in its most perfect growth, and
.
. .
and
with
bounteous nature,
filled
breadstuff."
He
And he and
his
when they
He
lies
simple.
At the formal
Emerson made
truly
"These waving woods, these valleys low, Between these tufted knolls, Year after year shall dearer grow,
To many
Its half
loving souls."
Old Concord
tery or direct from Bedford Street, the entrance to
the Hollow
is
peculiarly pleasing.
Two
ridges face
little rise of
from a
little
them a
line of treetops
right, left,
and beneath.
The
steep nearer
bank
Peaceful
it is
;
as when,
many
years ago,
the
name was given it the curving lines of graves do but mark its quietude as permanent, and emits
it
name.
The two
sides
lines
from both
Their
what
the ophem-
which
rises finely
from
its
screen of
locks at the
its
is
crowning pines.
thickly
marked
reveals
An
indented line of
hill,
marking that
study
is
[166]
^%;'v#
Hawthorne's Grave in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
to the left
is
Hawthorne's cart-track.
tomb in the entrance ridge. It was by road that Hawthorne sat, to listen to the birds
imagination to build his
castle
on the
hill
the
first
It
own through
it
life,
within
a cedar hedge.
trees,
the Holin
was thus
could view
Thoreau family,
their
birth
headstones to
his less
mark the
resting-places of
Henry and
famous
relatives.
lot.
lie
Here,
at rest
Under
tall
pines
it is
Old Concord
rose quartz,
on whose face
couplet,
is
with his
own
"The passive master lent his hand To the vast Soul which o'er him planned."
lies
his
family
his
mother and
famous aunt,
his
"hyacinthine boy"
who
who tended
re-
And
lives of
Read some
mother:
Of Emerson's
learned
their
"Her
grand-children
who
letters at her
she belonged
a vessel laid
it
was said
without and
his
Of
aunt:
it
was the
immeasurably
high standard indicated to their childhood, a blessing which nothing else in education could supply."
[
170]
"The
dumb
in
creation.
as
She
re-
bonds
still
bound with
And
of the daughter
in
so affectionately-
remembered
Concord
of old
New
Of a
fine
mind, she
in those
around her."
of those
whose
lives
were
praise,
It
is
America.
often
forgotten,
the
philosopher.
human relationships of the great And this noble family becomes a lofty
is
type of what
and high
ideals.
close
its
by
is
remarkable for
lie
Their graves
clustered
who
of
[I7i]
Old Concord
a term in Congress, he gave himself
up to
political
and philanthropic
act
services.
was
his
name
of Massachusetts
life
was
in danger,
Around him
lie
buried his
many
notable people, a
woman whose
intellect
and
has produced
his
many
and
public
spirit,
legal
wisdom, and
And
here
epitaphs
family,
worth
study.
Other
its
members
of
this
who
continued
lie
public service,
were devoted to
its
local
needs.
It
is
have made
The gravestone
of
Ephraim Wales
[
172]
Concord grape,
is
interest in Sleepy
Hollow which
is
from
its
another,
its
beauty.
Its
made
the most of in
been
gradually
improved.
There
handsome
monuments
finest is
in the cemetery.
Unquestionably the
C. French, erected to
brothers,
all soldiers in
To
see Sleepy
it is
go when
undisturbed by
snow
Yet
if
most
their
impressive, let
the place
is
thronged,
gone before.
[175]
Envoi
r.
i!
ENVOI
IT
may
criticize,
has plumed
itself
too greatly
is
past.
It
of course
many memorials
in
one small
The battle-field, the houses of literary inWalden with its unusual story, and the
famous graves,
if
it
But
Concord
interests,
not living on
is
its
past
it
has
its
present
tide of
and
attending to them.
The
And Concord
feels as others
wide intervals.
has
They
are
no longer
local.
Time
good
finds
Old Concord
material in Concord, that
is all.
The
left
hardships and
here pathetic
of our ances-
The deeds
who
Here
And
there
is
more.
The
voiceless generations
have
from the
earliest times
all
now
ways that
Here we
happiness.
New
World, an American
town.
The
present
is
We
In Concord,
among
so
many
noble
memo-
[180]
Index
INDEX
Academy,
143. 141, 143.
Academy Lane,
Acton, 32. Adams, Samuel, 44, 61. "Alarm company ", The, 45, 46. Alcott, Abba May (Mrs. Alcott),
117, 118, 121, 122.
Brister's Hill, 84, 85. British soldiers, Grave of, 74, 75. British spies, 43, 54.
152.
29, 30, 31,
Amos
114,
Bronson,
4,
11,
112, 127,
Anna,
Humphrey,
164.
13.
Catholic Church,
Channing,
William
4, 6, 80, 162.
Ellery,
the
12-13 1.
"Cottage", 86,
83, 84,
l6 s. Christian Science Church, 4, 6. Colonial Inn, 1, 23. Concord, before the settlement,
.
123, 124.
25, 26.
86, 87.
"Thoreau- Alcott",
description
of,
37-38,
79-89,
155-156.
Bank Robbery,
Barrett,
15.
Why
Amos,
James, Colonel, 54, 55, 60, 162. Mrs. James, 55, 56. Bartlett, Doctor, 14. Bedford Street, 4, 16, 80. Bigelow, Edwin, 12. Bigelow's Tavern, 9, 51. Black Horse Church, 40. Bliss, Daniel, the minister, 38, 162. Daniel, the Tory, 38, 39, 40, 43,
44, 54, 60, 73, 163.
49; their slight Pitcairn 50-52 ; and his boast, 53-54; the Bridge, 55; the American advance, 61-62; the skirmish, 62-63 ! the British
British,
success,
[183]
Index
"County House", 4, 6. Court House, 4, 9, 45, 79;
1800, 15; in 1700, 25.
Curtis,
Hill Burying-ground, 4, 157, 159,
in
D. A. R. Chapter House, 81, 83. Davis, Isaac, of Acton, 61, 62, 63.
Deerfield, 25.
161-164. "Hillside", ^"Wayside." Hoar, John, 49. E. R. (Judge Hoar), 142. George F. (Senator Hoar),
172.
Family houses,
86.
Egg Rock,
ioi.
graves, 171-172.
Hosmer, Joseph,
Howells,
Emerson, Mary Moody, 59, 170. Ralph Waldo, 9, 10, 12, 91, 93,
97, 98, 105-114, 117, 145, 165, 169, 170, 171.
Wm.
William,
Jail, 6, 16.
Waldo,
ill, 170.
Jail
Tavern,
16.
Jarvis, Dr., 5.
The
Jones, Elisha, 59, 63, 64. house, the, 57, 59, 63, 70.
John, 29.
"Fairyland",
135-
85.
Laurie, Captain, 56, 57, 60, 62. Lee, Joseph, the Tory, 19, 40, 41,
73-
Lexington Road,
Life in
Concord
in 1850, 12-15.
in 1800, 18-22.
Grapevine Cottage, 84, 138, 140. Great Meadows, 26, 49, 84. Green store, 6.
Hancock, John,
44.
72.
Main
Main
65,
Street,
86, 159.
92,
93-105,
131-138,
Masonic Lodge
Heywood
house, 83.
4, 6, 143.
[184]
Indt ex
Meeting House, First Parish, see Unitarian Church. Meriam's Corner, 49, 68, 84, 140,
frontispiece.
Middlesex Grounds,
Hotel,
5, 16.
4, 5, 16.
B.,
13, 86,
151,
Milldam, The,
84, 162.
4,
Mill pond, 16, 38, 50. Minuteman Statue, 59, 69, 71, 74.
School of Philosophy, 129, 155. Shadrach, 12. Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, 80, 138, 164-175. Smith, Lt. Col., 50, S3, 54. 64, 65,
68.
Minutemen,
Monument Monument
Social Circle
Soldiers'
Memoirs,
14.
Monument,
3, 6.
South Bridge, 37, 64, 86. Square, The, at present, 3-4; in 1850, 5-9; in 1800, 15-16;
51,
52,
Nashawtuc Hill,
Nashoba, 32. North Bridge, 37,
40.
Stage-coaches,
Staples,
"Sam",
113, 121.
16, 17.
102,
132,
136,
Tahattawan, 26. Temperance movement, 14, 15. Thoreau, The Thoreau aunts, 5. Henry David, 6, 10, 11, 12, 85. 98 99. m> "2. 136,
142-151; at Walden, 144149; in jail, 148-149; interest in slavery, 150, 151
Powder Alarm,
41.
Preparedness for war, 71, 72. Provincial Congress, 42. Public Library, 86, 156. Punkatasset Hill, 50, 59.
169.
5.
John, 10. John, Jr., 112, 143. Cabin, 85, 145-146. Cairn, 85. Cove, 85. House, on Square, 6.
Mary,
12, 164.
on Main
151.
l
149, 150,
Ridge Path, 166, 169, 173. Ripley, Rev. Ezra, 10, 89-93, Roads, 15, 155, 156.
&2
[185]
Index
Town
Hall, 4, 9, 16, 25, 37, 51,
52, 80.
"Walden Pond Association ", Walden Street, 38, 84. Warming pan, 21.
Warren, Joseph,
44.
85.
32.
"Wayside",
84,
117,
124,
13 1,
Underground Railway
in
Con-
Walden Pond,
149, 175.
Wright Tavern,
4,
5-6,
16,
37,
[186]
Jit
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