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EXTRA PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE - UNIT 05 ______________________________________________________________

Questions 1 through 25 are multiple choice questions. Questions 26-28 are problems and questions. 1. How many electrons in the ground state of a copper atom have quantum number n = 3 and l = 2?
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 (e) 18

2. What is the wavelength of light has a frequency of 6.0x1014Hz?


(a) 2.0x103 nm (b) 5.0x102 nm (c) 2.0x102 nm (d) 2.0x106 nm (e) 5.0x10-7 nm

3. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 5f sublevel?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 14 (e) 18

4. What is the maximum number of orbitals in a 4d sublevel?


(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 14 (e) 18

5. X: 1s2 2s2 2p3Y: 1 s2 2s1 Atoms X and Y have the ground state electron congurations shown above. The formula for the compound most likely formed from X and Y is . . .
(a) YX (b) Y2X (c) Y3X (d) YX3 (e) Y2X

6. A blue line in the atomic emission spectrum of hydrogen has a wavelength of 434 nm. What is the energy of this light (in kJ) per mole of photons?
(a) (106)(6.626)(3.00)(6.02) (434) kJ/mol (c) (106)(6.626)(3.00)(6.02) (434) J/mol (e) (103)(434)(6.02) (6.626)(3.00) kJ/mol (b) (103)(6.626)(3.00)(6.02) (434) kJ/mol (d) (103) (6.626)(3.00)(6.02) (434) J/mol

7. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is longer when . . .


(a) its energy is small and its frequency is large. (c) its energy is large and its frequency is large. (e) its energy is large and its amplitude is high.
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(b) its energy is small and its frequency is small.

(d) its energy is large and its frequency is small.

EXTRA PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE - UNIT 05 ______________________________________________________________
8. The outermost electron in a ground state potassium atom can be described by which of the following sets of four quantum numbers?
(a) 4, 0, 0, (b) 4, 1, 0, (c) 4, 1, 1, (d) 5, 0, 0, (e) 5, 1, 0,

K: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

(4, 0, 0, +1/2)

9. Gaseous atoms of which of the following elements are paramagnetic in their ground states? I. Na II. Mg III. Al IV. P
(a) I, II, III, & IV (b) I, II, II only (c) I, III, IV only (d) II only (e) III, IV only

paramagnetic = at least one unpaired electron 10. Which set of quantum numbers is not allowed?
(a) 2, 2, 1, (b) 3, 2, 0, - (c) 4, 3, -3,

Na = s1 Mg = s2 Al = s2p1 P = s2p3

(d) 5, 4, 4,

(e) 6, 2, -1,

If n = 2, the maximum value for l = n - 1 = 1, so set A is not allowed 11. The isotope 258104Md contains ??? neutrons.
(a) 56 (b) 101 (c) 154 (d) 238 (e) 258

A - Z = no

258 - 104 = 154 no

12. If a sample oxide has a formula Y2O5, a possible electron conguration for the element Y is . . .
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 (c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 (e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

Y2O5

Y = 5+ and O = 2-

so s2p3

13. The ferric ion (Fe3+, atomic number 26) has which electron conguration?
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 (c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 (e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d4 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9 (d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

outermost e- are lost, the 4s2 and one from d6

14. What is the maximum number of electrons in a sublevel which has the initial quantum numbers n = 5 and l = 2?
(a) 14 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) 2 (e) 0

regardless of the n value, l = 2 refers to the d-orbitals, which come in sets of 5 and holds 10 electrons
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EXTRA PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE - UNIT 05 ______________________________________________________________
15. Which of the following pairs represents possible pairs of isotopes?
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Isotopes, same element but different masses/neutrons/mass numbers 16. The rst ve ionization energies, in kJ/mol, for a particular element are shown below. I I2 I3 I4 I5 786 1577 3232 4356 16,091 The element is likely to form ionic compounds in which its charge is . . .
(a) 1+ (b) 2+ (c) 3+ (d) 4+ (e) 5+

There is an increase in successive ionization energies but there is a dramatic increase between IE4 and IE5. This indicates that there is a need to break and ionize a core electron that is not as well shielded (so it is tightly held). So the first 4 electrons will be lost relatively easily but the fifth electron will not. It is most likely to form a 4+ ion. 17. Which list of elements is arranged in order of increasing atomic size (from smallest to largest)?
(a) Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba (c) Be, Ca, Ba, Mg, Sr (e) Ba, Sr, Ca, be, Mg (b) Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Be (d) Be, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr

Size increases as you go down a group. Be < Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba 18. Which atom in the ground state is paramagnetic?
(a) He (b) Be (c) Ba (d) C (e) Ne

paramagnetic = at least one unpaired electron Be = s2 Ba = s2 C = s2 px1 py1 He = s2

Ne = s2 p6

19. Which sequence is arranged in order of increasing ionization energies, lowest to highest?
(a) Be, B, C, N, O (c) Be, B, C, O, N (e) O, N, C, B, Be (b) B, Be, C, O, N (d) B, Be, C, N, O

IE increases as you go across a period, with the exceptions due to filled s2 going to s2p1 and half-filled p sublevel going from p3 to p4 20. Which is not true of nonmetals?
(a) Most of their oxides are acidic. (c) They are poor conductors of electricity. (e) Many are gases at room temperature. (b) They are poor conductors of heat. (d) Most tend to lose electrons easily.

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EXTRA PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE - UNIT 05 ______________________________________________________________
The following responses are to be used to answer questions 21 - 25. Use an answer once, more than once, or not at all.
(a) Mg & Al (c) Cl & F (e) Cu & Ag (b) As & Se (d) Cr & Mo

21. Show a reversal in the trend for rst ionization energy because of electron-electron repulsion. (B) 22. Show a reversal in the trend for rst ionization energy because of shielding by full orbitals. (A) 23. Show a reversal in the trend for electron afnity because of electron-electron repulsion. (C) 24. Exhibit an anomaly in outer electron conguration because full d-orbitals are especially stable. (E)
25. Exhibit an anomaly in outer electron conguration because half-full d-orbitals are especially stable. (D)

26. A line having a wavelength of 656nm exists in the atomic emission spectra of hydrogen. a. For the line, calculate the following values and specify their units. i. frequency 3.00x108 m/s = (656x10-9m) v v = 4.57x1014Hz ii. energy of a photon E = (6.626x10-34 J-s)(4.57x1014Hz) = 3.03x10-19 J/photon iii. energy of a mole of photons 3.03x10-19 J/photon x 6.02x1023photons/mol x 1kJ/1000J = 182 kJ/mol b. What color is the line? Explain your reasoning. The visible spectrum is from 400 to 700 nm. The 656nm wavelength is at the high wavelength side of the visible spectrum, making it the red line. c. Discuss the origin of the line in terms of the Bohr theory of the atom. Specify any energy transitions that are applicable. The 656 nm red line would correspond to the lowest energy transition in the Bohr model. Since it is a visible line, it would end on the n = 2 energy level. The smallest energy would come from an excited electron in n = 3 falling to n = 2. 27. Molecules of oxygen are converted to atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere by absorbing photons having wavelengths of 240.nm and shorter. a. Write the electron conguration of oxygen and tell why atomic oxygen is diamagnetic or paramagnetic. The p4 in the p-sublevel would fill according to Hunds rule and it O: 1s2 2s2 2p4 would have 2 electrons in the 2px, 1 electron in the 2py, and 1 electron in the 2pz. This would give 2 unpaired electrons in oxygen, making it paramagnetic. b. Write the electron conguration of the oxide ion. Assign a set of four quantum numbers to each of the electrons in the oxide ion. Correlate the sets to the electron conguration. O2-: 1s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 (1, 0, 0, +) and (1, 0, 0, -) (2, 0, 0, +) and (2, 0, 0, -) 2s2 6 (2, 1, 1, +) (2, 1, 0, +) (2, 1, -1, +) and 2p (2, 1, 1, -) (2, 1, 0, -) (2, 1, -1, -)
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EXTRA PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE - UNIT 05 ______________________________________________________________
c. Calculate the energy equivalent of a photon of wavelength 240.nm in units of kJ/mol. E = (hc/) x 6.02x1023 photons/mol x 1kJ/1000J E = (6.626x10-34J-s) (3.00x108m/s) (240.x10-9m) x 6.02x1023photons/mol x 1kJ/1000J E = 499 kJ/mol 28. Use details of the modern atomic theory and periodicity to explain why . . . a. atomic radii become larger as the atomic number within a family gets larger. Atomic radii become larger as the atomic number within a family gets larger because as you go down a group, the outer electrons have higher principal quantum numbers, occupy larger and larger orbitals, and have greater probability of being farther from the nucleus. b. atomic radii become smaller as the atomic number within a period gets larger. Because the number of shielding electrons remains constant along any period, the effective nuclear charge increases as the atomic number increases. An increasing effective nuclear charge tends to draw valence electrons loser to the nucleus causing a decrease in the size of the atoms. c. the radius of an oxide ion is larger than the radius of an oxygen atom. A 2- oxide ion has two more electrons in the valence level than does a neutral oxygen atom. These added electrons increase electron-electron repulsion expanding the region they occupy in the oxide ion. d. the rst ionization energy of aluminum is smaller than the rst ionization energy of magnesium. The 3s2 electron configuration of aluminum partially shields the outermost 3p1 electron from the nucleus making that 3p1 electron more loosely held than the outermost 3s2 electrons of magnesium which do not shield each other. The result is that aluminum has a small first ionization energy than magnesium. (Anomaly in trend.) e. the third ionization energy of an element is always larger than its second ionization energy. The third ionization energy of an element is always larger than its second ionization energy because the third electron is pulled away from a 2+ ion whereas the second electron is pulled away from a 1+ ion. The higher charge of the 2+ ion holds the remaining electrons with more force (less electron-electron repulsion).

Adapted from Pearson Education AP* Test Prep Series + other sources New October 2012 Page 5 of 5

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