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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 9, 2010

Quad-Band Antenna With High Isolation MIMO and Broadband SCS for Broadcasting and Telecommunication Services
C. Yang, J. Kim, H. Kim, J. Wee, B. Kim, and C. Jung
AbstractThe quad-band antenna, which is composed of two compact dual-band antennas, is presented for portable media player (PMP) applications. The antenna for the broadcasting dual band (DVB-H UHF: 470862 MHz; L: 14521492 MHz) is composed of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with self-complementary structure (SCS) for the broadband performance. The measured operation bandwidth of the antenna ) is 500 MHz (370870 MHz) at UHF band ( and 220 MHz (13001520 MHz) at L band. The two-channel WLAN multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation performance for the telecommunication dual band (WLAN 11b: 2.42.5 GHz; 11a: 5.155.825 GHz) is composed of a PIFA operating at 2-GHz band and a loop antenna operating at 5-GHz band. The proposed antennas are fabricated in a PMP ). case ( r

VSWR

= 32

Index TermsDigital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H), high isolation, loop antenna, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna, planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), portable media player (PMP), self-complementary structure (SCS), wireless local area network (WLAN).

I. INTRODUCTION ROADCASTING and telecommunication have evolved independent domains over a long period of time while maintaining their unique attributes. Recently, Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) has been a new standard for delivering broadcast television to mobile terminals, and wireless local area network (WLAN) has been increasing demands for telecommunication services [1][7]. To satisfy DVB-H and WLAN service bands, some various internal antennas that can increase compactness of the mobile devices have been developed [1][7]. There are some issues in designing internal antennas for DVB-H and WLAN service bands. The operation frequency of the DVB-H service is relatively low to embed the antenna into a conventional mobile device such as a cell phone,
Manuscript received June 08, 2010; accepted June 14, 2010. Date of publication June 21, 2010; date of current version July 05, 2010. This work was supported by the Research Grant of the National Research Foundation, Korea (2009-0086631), in 2009. C. Yang and C. Jung are with the Graduate School of NID Fusion Technology, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea (e-mail: changwoj@snut.ac.kr). J. Kim is with Ace Antenna, Pucheon 422-040, Korea. H. Kim is with the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin-si 446-712, Korea. J. Wee and B. Kim are with the School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea. Color versions of one or more of the gures in this letter are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identier 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2053515

portable media player (PMP), MP3, ultra mobile PC (UMPC), etc., since a quarter of a wavelength of the UHF band of the DVB-H service in vacuum is about 90160 mm. Also, the UHF band is about 50% wide bandwidth. In addition, according to DVB-H implementation guidelines, the required antenna gain dBi at 470 MHz to dBi at 702 MHz [1]. However, is these demands make the design of mobile devices very difcult due to its conventional size limit. Also, a multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) system has been used to improve channel capacity and reliability in the wireless communication systems [4]. Recently, some various antennas for MIMO systems have been presented [5][7]. However, maintaining good isolation between the internal antennas of the MIMO system is difcult due to both strongly coupled antennas and coupling currents of the surface in the ground plane, especially in a small mobile device. In addition, the mutual coupling increases the envelope correlation of the two ports and reduces the radiation efciency [6], [7]. The minimum coupling between two antennas can be achieved by placing antenna elements a half-wavelength away. However, it is difcult to realize in the commercial products due to their limited space. In this letter, we present a broad dual-band PIFA for the DVB-H service and a dual-band MIMO antenna with high isolation performance for the WLAN service. The proposed internal antennas are embedded in a PMP (i-station U43, Digital-Cube) mock-up. The DVB-H antenna is optimized for the dual-band operation of 470862 (UHF) and 14521492 MHz (L). To reduce the size of the proposed DVB-H antenna, we have used meander line and PIFA structure. Also, to increase the bandwidth of the proposed DVB-H antenna, we have used the self-complementary structure (SCS). Moreover, we proposed dual-band MIMO antenna with high isolation performance for WLAN (11b: 2.42.5 GHz; 11a: 5.155.825 GHz) service. A high isolation is obtained by the orthogonally arranged structure of MIMO antenna. The size of the proposed antenna is very compact owing to the proposed structure. In addition, the additional connecting line on the facing of the feed line enhanced isolation. The proposed two dual-band antennas are useful for a broadcasting and telecommunication fusion-system and also have almost omnidirectional patterns for PMP applications. II. CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN Fig. 1 shows the photograph of the fabricated antenna in the PMP mock-up case. The overall dimensions of the mock-up case are 135 80 23 mm and the permittivity ( ) is 3.2. The , antennas are printed on a substrate (FR-4:

1536-1225/$26.00 2010 IEEE

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Fig. 1. Photograph of the fabricated antenna in the mock-up case.

(14521492 MHz) operation, and the dimensions of the slit are mm and mm. optimized to We have used meandering structures to increase electrical length of the antenna. However, only the PIFA structure with shorting line is difcult to satisfy impedance matching for broad UHF band (470862 MHz; 59%). To increase the bandwidth of the proposed antenna, we used the SCS. The SCS antenna is known as an antenna that has broadband characteristics [8]. The proposed antenna achieves a constant impedance of 188 without attaching a required matching load since a SCS antenna of an axially symmetric type has constant impedance in broad frequency band [8]. The SCS performs an important role in enhancing impedance bandwidth. Also, the control of the shorting line width ( ) is required for broadband matching. Simulated from 1.5 to 7.5 mm are results of return losses by varying shown in Fig. 3(a). The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is increases. The optimized for DVB-H serincreased as the vice bands is 7.5 mm. The other dimensions of the antenna are mm and mm. Fig. 2(b) shows the top and bottom side of the MIMO antenna for WLAN service. The dimensions of the two proposed MIMO antennas are identical. As shown in Fig. 2(b), the optimized dimensions of the anmm, mm, mm, tenna are mm, mm. Stub (S) matching of the antenna improves over a wide plane of trapezoid shape printed on the bottom side, as shown in Fig. 2(b). The dimensions of mm, mm, and the connecting plane are mm. We utilize three ways to improve isolation between two antennas. First, the antenna is orthogonally arranged at the edge of ground plane. The isolation is excellent since the polarization and radiation pattern are also orthogonal. Second, the connecting line in the near feed point is used to improve isolation [9]. The connecting line is able to operate like a band-stop lter at 2-GHz band and leads to the isolation improvement between two ports despite very close distance. The length of the stub (S) is 1.85 mm, and the width is 0.2 mm. The connecting plane does not exactly correspond at 5-GHz band. Therefore, we used a third way to improve the isolation especially at 5-GHz band. The connecting plane at the bottom side of the antenna is used since the connecting plane has been found to be effective to enhance the isolation at 5-GHz band. Fig. 3(b) shows the simuand in the condition of the antenna with lated result of connecting plane. The isolation is improved especially at the operating frequency band of 5.155.825 GHz since the coupled current between two antennas are reduced by the conspicuously higher surface current ow in the connecting plane at 5-GHz band. III. MEASUREMENT RESULT Fig. 4 shows the measured return loss ( : port #1; : : port #3) and the isolation ( : between two port #2; MIMO antennas) of the proposed quad-band antenna, which is embedded in the mock-up case. Also, the isolation between dB WLAN MIMO antenna and DVB-H antenna is less than GHz). The bandwidth of in the overall frequency bands ( the DVB-H antenna is 500 MHz (370870 MHz, 81.9%; VSWR 4:1) at UHF band and 220 MHz (13001520 MHz,

Fig. 2. Geometry of the proposed antennas. (a) Dimensions of the broad dualband antenna for DVB-H service. (b) Dimensions of two-channel dual-band MIMO antenna for WLAN service (top and bottom side).

). The thickness of the substrate is 1 mm. Fig. 2(a) shows the detailed geometry of a DVB-H antenna. The overall size mm mm. The of the DVB-H antenna is size of the ground plane on the substrate is 72 101 mm . The antenna has a stepped slit on the radiator for the L band

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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 9, 2010

Fig. 3. (a) Simulated return losses (S11) of the DVB-H antenna by varying widths (L ). (b) Simulated S-parameters (S ) of the WLAN MIMO antenna with a connecting plane.

Fig. 4. Measured return losses and isolations of the quad-band antennas. Fig. 5. Measured radiation patterns at (a) 660 MHz, (b) 1470 MHz, (c) 2.45 GHz, and (d) 5.45 GHz.

15.6%; VSWR 4:1) at L band. The operation bandwidths of the proposed antenna are satised with the DVB-H service band. The bandwidth of the proposed WLAN MIMO antenna is 100 MHz (2.42.5 GHz, 4.1%; VSWR 2:1) at WLAN (11b) band and 675 MHz (5.155.825 GHz, 12.3%; VSWR 2:1) at WLAN (11a) band. The shape of the return losses and the isolation of the WLAN MIMO antennas are almost identical. , ) is below dB over operating frequency Isolation ( plane) of band. The measured radiation patterns ( , ,

the quad-band antenna are shown in Fig. 5. The measured dBi at 660 MHz peak gains for the DVB-H bands are [Fig. 5(a)] and dBi at 1470 MHz [Fig. 5(b)]. Fig. 6 shows measured peak gains and the specication reected in the DVB-H implementation guidelines. The measured peak gains to 1.8 dBi over the DVB-H bands, which meet vary from

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are minimization for users. Therefore, we think that the simulation and measurement results of the antenna with the case of the devices are more important and practical than that with the bare board. The measured results with the case meet the frequency bandwidths and gain requirements for broadband DVB-H and MIMO WLAN services. The structure of the proposed antenna is easy to fabricate and is able to be modied for the various small mobile cases. REFERENCES
[1] DVB-H implemented guidelines, European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI: TR 102 337 V1.1.1, 2005. [2] D. H. Choi, H. S. Yun, and S. O. Park, Internal antenna with modied monopole type for DVB-H applications, Electron. Lett., vol. 42, pp. 14361438, 2006. [3] M. Hanqing and Q.-X. Chu, Compact broadband planar antenna for DVB-H applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 239242, 2009. [4] G. S. Foschini and M. J. Gans, On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas, Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 6, pp. 311335, 1998. [5] K. Chung and J. H. Yoon, Integrated MIMO antenna with high isolation characteristic, Electron. Lett., vol. 43, pp. 199201, 2007. [6] T.-W. Kang and K.-L. Wong, Isolation improvement of 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN internal laptop computer antennas using dual-band strip resonator as a wavetrap, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 5864, 2010. [7] A. Diallo, C. Luxey, P. L. Thuc, R. Staraj, and G. Kossiavas, Study and reduction of the mutual coupling between two mobile phone PIFAs operating in the DCS 1800 and UMTS bands, IEEE Trans. Antennas, vol. 54, no. 11, pt. 1, pp. 30633074, Nov. 2006. [8] N. Takemura, Inverted-FL antenna with self-complementary structure, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 10, pt. 2, pp. 30293034, Oct. 2009. [9] G. Park, M. Kim, T. Yang, J. Byun, and A. S. Kim, The compact quadband mobile handset antenna for the LTE700 MIMO application, in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., 2009, pp. 14.

Fig. 6. Measured peak gains and DVB-H specication.

the peak gain specications ( to dBi) of the DVB-H system [1]. Fig. 5(c) shows radiation patterns in plane at 2.45 GHz. The measured radiation patterns at two ports are orthogonal, and peak gains are 0.6 dBi at 270 in port #1 and dBi at 180 in port #2. Fig. 5(d) shows radiation patterns in plane at 5.45 GHz. The measured radiation patterns at two ports are also orthogonal, and peak gains are 3.75 dBi at 270 in port #1 and 3.9 dBi at 180 in port #2. IV. CONCLUSION In this letter, a quad-band antenna for PMP applications is proposed. Recently, conspicuous trends of most mobile devices