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IP PERFORMANCE OVER SATELLITE

BY SIGIT JATIPUTRO, ST MM SENIOR MANAGER PT. PASIFIK SATELIT NUSANTARA INDONESIA

Presented for ASSI Training, 25-27 Oktober 2011

Agenda g
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IP Introduction IP Performance Over Satellite

TCP/IP

Performance How to Improve

Application

IP Introduction
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Objective
To

understand Internet Protocol in general To understand definition and terms of meaning

IP Introduction
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Best-effort delivery service : IP makes its best effort to deliver segments between communicating hosts, but it makes no guarantees.

Unreliable Connectionless Datagram Delivery

Flow control of TCP (Transmission Control Flo Protocol): Timer to be acknowledged Time-out

larger than the connections round trip time

Network congestion indicated by TCP segment loss as indicated by :

a time-out or a triple duplicate acknowledgment g

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A TCP connection control its transmission rate by limiting its number of transmitted segments : window size Slow start :

TCP connection start with a small value of window size (w) TCP connection continue to increase w until a segment loss occurs when such loss occurs, the TCP connection reduce w to a safe leveland then slowing increasing w

Congestion avoidance :

when the congestion window is below the threshold, the congestion window grows exponentially when the congestion window is above the threshold, threshold the congestion window grow linearly whenever there is a time out, the threshold is set to one half of the current congestion window & the congestion window is then set to one

TCP and UDP

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The internet Protocol makes available two transport protocols to applications, namely UDP and TCP namely, TCP Services :

connection-oriented service : handshaking procedure before TCP connection established reliable transport service ; the communicating process can rely on TCP to deliver all messages sent without error and in the proper order

TCP does not provide :

no guarantee a minimum transmission rate no delay guarantee

UDP service :

connectionless : no handshaking before f the two process start to communicate unreliable data transfer service does not include a congestion control mechanism does not use acknowledgments or retransmission similar to TCP : no guarantee on delay

Sample Application, App Protocol and Transport App.

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Applicatio n
Email Remote R terminal access Web File transfer Remote file server Streaming multimedia Internet telephony

Application Layer Protocol

SMTP T l Telnet

Underlying Transport Protocol

TCP TCP

HTTP FTP NFS Proprietary (e.g.. Real Network) ) Proprietary (e.g.. Vocaltec)

TCP TCP UDP or TCP UDP or TCP Typically UDP

Unicast vs Multicast
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IP Multicast
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Multicast technology enables data to be simultaneously transmitted to many network users, but not necessarily all sites on a network Permits a network node to transmit one message to one or more nodes in a single operation The delivery of packets from one (or many) sender to a group of receiver with a single transmit operation The internets broadcasting g technology gy standard. Satellite became the primary p y delivery y network for most Internet multicast traffic. Relieve terrestrial bandwidth bottlenecks Multicast application : bulk data transfer (the transfer of s/w upgrade from the s/w developer to user needing the upgrade) streaming continuous media (the transfer of the audio, video and text of a live lecture to a set of distribute lecture participants) share data application pp (whiteboard ( or teleconferencing g application pp that is shared among g many distributed participants) Internet web caching, kiosk multimedia ebook, product inventory, etc

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Bandwidth saving up to 1/N of the bandwidth for N separate unicast clients Using UDP transport protocol Cl D type Class t address dd (224.0.0.0 (224 0 0 0 239.255.255.254) 239 255 255 254) Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

allow a computer to inform the local router that it wishes to receive packets addressed to specific multicast group

Multicast routing protocol :

Distance Di t Vector V t Multicast M lti t Routing R ti Protocol P t l (DVMRP) Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

PIM-Dense Mode PIM-Sparse Mode

M lti t OSPF Multicast

IP Multicast Benefit
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Cost saving in network & server resources Enable value-added of new types of applications Enable a network planner to proactive manage network growth and control cost Help alleviate network congestion Significant bandwidth saving

example l :

it took 6 hours for Toys R Us Inc. to send s/w update (1 Mbytes file) to 250 store location before using IP Multicasting but only took 4 minutes after using IP Multicasting

Application pp Layer y
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Data Loss :

Reliable data transfer or no data loss application : e-mail, file transfer, web document transfer & financial application Loss tolerant application : most notably multimedia application such as real-time audio/video or audio/video

Bandwidth :

Bandwidth-sensitive application : require a given amount of bandwidth Elastic bandwidth application : can make use of as much or as little bandwidth as happens to be available

Timing :

Time-sensitive for real-time application No time-sensitive for non real-time application

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Application
File transfer Email Web Doc Realtime audio/video Stored audio/video Interactive games Financial applications

Data Loss
No loss No loss No loss Loss tolerant Loss tolerant Loss tolerant required Elastic Elastic Elastic

Bandwidth

Time Sensitive
No No No Yes : 100 ms Yes : few sec Yes : 100ms Yes and no

Audio : few Kbps to 1 Mbps Video : 10 Kbps to 5 Mbps Same as interactive audio/video Few Kbps to 10 Kbps Elastic

Multimedia Application pp
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Delay sensitive and loss tolerant Three classes of multimedia application :

streaming stored audio and video

on-demand d d compressed d audio d & video d file f l which h h are stored d on servers could be user interactive similar to ordinary broadcast of radio & television, except the transmission take place over the internet the application is non-interactive efficiently done by multicast example : internet phone & video conferencing

one to many streaming of real-time audio & video

real-time interactive audio & video

IP, the Internets network-layer protocol, provide a best-effort service to all datagram it carries

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How should the internet evolve to better support multimedia ?

2 extreme arguments :

to add more bandwidth fundamental change should be made to the internet

Quality of service in the internet to individual application session = Integrated Service

reserved resources

a router is required d to know k what h amount of f its resources (buffer, (b ff l link kb bandwidth) d d h) are already reserved for on-going session bandwidth reservation protocol (RSVP) : used by a host or router to reserve bandwidth for their data flow a session requiring QoS guarantees must first be able to reserved sufficient resources at each network router (end-to-end) to ensure the QoS requirement is met

call setup

IP Performance Over Satellite

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Objective
To

understand IP Problem or limitation over satellite To understand mitigation or alternative solution to increase IP Performance over satellite (how to improve)

TCP/IP / Phenomena
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Long propagation delay:

The propagation delay between an earth station and a Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellite is around 120-140ms (milliseconds), which means it takes the sender long time to probe the network capacity and detect the possible loss of segments, and the expensive satellite bandwidth is wasted. The GEO satellite link is a typical case of the Long Fat Pipe (LFP), which features a large delay bandwidth product. The large transmission distance of satellite links results in a low signal-to signal to noise ratio (SNR) and consequently a high Bit Error Rate (BER). The errors loss will cause the TCP senders to reduce their transmission rates unnecessarily.

Large delay-bandwidth product:

Corruption loss during transmission:

IP Throughput g p
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IP throughput (how fast the most application will move data over other network) will affect by :

TTL (8 bits) bit ) to t avoid id packet k t semi-permanent i t circular i l

will decrement every pass 1 loop router will decrease by at least 1 every 1 second

(theoretical 4.26 minute, but practical 2 minute)

IP Fragmentation

MTU (maximum transfer unit), max 1500 MTU Discovery to avoid double IP fragment ID Some application have sensitive MTU value

Delay-Bandwidth Product

Multiple by delay RTT and bandwidth path

TCP Sequence Number Number, unique sequence number for every packet

PAWS, comparing TCP sequence number with timestamp

TCP Transmission Window

The p purposes p to allow the receiving g side to control how much data being g sent to it at any y given g time Max value 64 KB Receiver send negotiation scheme to sender

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There 3 factor mechanism of TCP/IP that can impact on satellite network (with long delay path) :

Slow start mechanism

TCP Spoofing Cascading TCP (TCP Splitting)

Congestion avoidance mechanism

To improve the SACK (selective-acknowledgement) mechanism must be enable

Error rate for satellite paths

Will impact tcp/ip start again to trigger slow start mechanism The TCP/IP / must be ignore g the error rate or the link must be very y minimal BER (In the high speed data around 1 error in 10^12 bits of data)

TCP/IP Impact of Windows size, size Delay, Delay and Slow start
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From the test result :

Higher delay path will give more slow start time Higher bandwidth rate will give more slow start time Higher slow start time will give TCP/IP more slowly or cant fulfill the bandwidth link capacity

TCP/IP Impact of Windows size, size RTT, RTT and Throughput

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Two performance measured :

Effective Eff ti th throughput h t for f a large l file fil transfer t f Response time for a Web page retrieval

Three reference cases :

Terrestrial Hybrid (satellite/terrestrial) 2 way satellite circuit

Assume : error free and no congestion channel Effective throughput : determined by dividing the number of bits in the file by the time it take to transmit the file Response time : defined as the time it takes to transmit a file once the file transfer is initiated Wi d size Window i : a TCP/IP parameter used df for fl flow & congestion i control li in fil file transfer f

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Continued
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Link Bandwidth = 2048 Kbps p Link Bandwidth = 256 Kbps

TCP/IP Impact of Windows size, size File size size, and Throughput
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TCP/IP Impact of Windows size, size BER, BER and Throughput

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How to improve p
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TCP Enhancement TCP Splitting TCP Spoofing Caching P hi C Pushing Content to the h Edge Ed Reactive Multicast Feeds

TCP Enhancement
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TCP
Large IW DACKs Byte Counting TCP NewReno TCP SACK TCP Vegas Window Scaling T/TCP PMTU Discovery ECN Header Compression

RFC
2414, 2581 2414 2582 2018, 2883 1323 1644 1191 2481 2507

Latency
X X X X X X X X X X

Large BDP

Impairments & Disconnections

Asymmetry

X X X X X X X X

X X

TCP Splitting p g
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C Comparison between b 1 TCP session with h multiple l l TCP session (splitting ( l method) h d)

TCP Splitting p g (continued) ( )

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Without Enhancement

With Protocol Gateway Enhancement

Protocol g gateway y (splitting) (p g) improve p throughput g p for carriers with TCP/IP / traffic on satellite links up to a delay of 700 ms TCP/IP throughput is not affected as long as link BER is better than 1 x 10-7 Study the impact of BERs < 10-7 Review recommendation ITU-R S.521-4 in view of satellite IP

TCP Spoofing p g
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TCP Spoofing

Gateway router give pseudo ACK to sender, so it will give impact faster link illusion to sender Gateway router will buffer this TCP packet and responsible to retransmit if receiver side need that packet Gateway router will removes ACK from receiver so there is no duplicate ACK to sender

Caching g
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A cache is a local device that stores and refreshes recently requested objects The cache improves performance because it serves the customers request locally, instead of taking time (and bandwidth) to go back to the original server.

Pushing g Content to the Edge g

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In this model the content provider makes a contract with the content delivery provider to distribute web documents selected by content provider. There is a mechanism for letting ISPs know where the closest edge site is located. This insures good response time for the transaction, and also reduces bandwidth requirement for the content provider

Reactive Multicast Satellite Feed Improves Local Cache Performance

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Application pp
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Objective
To

understand some of ip-based satellite networks To understand some of application that being standard To understand convergence networks

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ITU Working Groups With IP Elements El t

Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM)

M f Main focus f for IP Broadband over S Satellite

Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000 (S-UMTS)

Developing a S_UMTS S UMTS air interface based on the 3GPP UMTS air interface. (IMT-2000 (IMT 2000 candidate). Collaboration between ESA (Europe) and TTC (Korea)

GEO Mobile Radio Interfaces (GMR)

Developing a GMPRS MES air interface based on the GSM/GPRS packet-mode air interface. GMR-1 is implemented in Thuraya Hughes Co. GMR 2 is GMR-2 i implemented i l t di in ACeS AC S Lockheed L kh d M Martin ti Co. C

Satellite Air Interface (SAI)

Regenerative g Satellite Mesh A ( (RSM-A) ) , Implemented p by y Hughes g Maritime Earth Station (MAR)

Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM)

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Multimedia Networks (concept) Hybrid Satellite-Terestrial Satellite Terestrial (SDMB)

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Satellite network f for permanent content update and refreshing f hi

3G network for interactivity and symmetric traffic

3G handset h d with build-in cache memory

IP QoS for Satellite

38 ISP 1 DiffS DiffServ Domain D i Service Link Provider

SLA trader ISP 2

IOTP

COPS

IP/DVB uplink IOTP SLA trader

You have 2 Mbps Gold (EF) for me ? Yes, at 300 300 /hour

Implement of QOS : -Diffserv Diff on forward f d link, li k including i l di IPSec IPS and d multiple lti l DVB/IP Gateway G t -Dynamic SLA trading between ISP and Space Link Provider -Throttling or Fair Access Policy

Terrestrial return

Higher System Capacity Through Frequency Reuse (Example)

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HRB -3 NAYSHE SEL
-3 -3 -3

-3

-3

5.00
20
-3 -3

CTU
-3 -3 -3

SHA TPE
-3

IT -3 M 20

HAN -3
-3

CAN
-3

Theta*sin(phi) in n Degrees

BKK
-3 -3

-3

MNL
-3 -3

SGN KUL

0.00

-3 3

-3

-3

-3

HLP POM
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3

BNE

-5.00

PER

CBR

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Multi-Beam Coverage More than ten times capacity

Single Wide Area Coverage Beam

Higher effective system bandwidth (number of cells) ( )( (allocated bandwidth) ) Effective bandwidth = Frequency reuse factor Example: 50-beam system using dual polarization Effective bandwidth =

(50 2) (500 MHz) = 12.5 GHz 4

Equivalent number of 36 MHz transponders 12.5 GHz/40 MHz = 310

Mobile or Marine Earth Station

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Implements PEP (Performance Enhancement Proxy)

Proxy connection TCP Optimal flow (removes slow start, splitting) TCP Windows W d Spoofing S f

VOIP over Satellite

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Latency

One-way propagation delay (250 ms) The effect of network delay on packets arriving at the receiver Depend on BER (bit error ratio) will impact on voice quality NAT or PAT prioritization i iti ti Codec : G711, G723, G729, etc Depend on codec : 5.6, 10 12, 16, 24, 64, etc kbps Protocol : SIP , H323, IAX, Megaco, Native (Gilat)

Jitter

P k Loss Packet L

QoS and Traffic Prioritization

Compression Technology

Required Bandwidth per Voip Call

VOIP Access Method Protocol

GSM BTS over Sat-IP

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Isolated Cells Terminal BTS BSC Isolated Cell Cluster Terminal

Gateway Management Pl tf Platform

Gateway Management Platform MSC

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HUB

Backbone RAS Edge d BSC

Backbone HUB RAS Edge

MSC

Implemented in USO Desa Berdering in 2010 Voice, SMS and Pico-Cell 1 TRX Vsat-IP Vsat IP and combined with solar solar-panel panel

IP Higher Bandwidth Over Satellite

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Due to internet penetration, social networking, mobile ISP and number of application based on internet, then trend of IP bandwidth is significant increase during last a few years

ISP need Asymmetric bandwidths for internet

GE from 10 Mbps until 120 Mbps

Cellular Backhaul (BTS & 3G Node-B) increase bandwidth

FE or OC-1 from 2 Mbps until 45 Mbps (symmetric) OC-3 until 155 Mbps (symmetric)

NASA Development

ACTS OC-12 until 622 Mbps over satellite (symmetric) FlatSat internet communication between ground and spacecraft

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TERIMA KASIH
Any question, question please send email to : sigit@psn.co.id