Questions: FDM and TDM FDM: 1.

FDM is derived from ______________ in which the signals occupy the same physical line but in different frequency bands. (AM Techniques) 2. Each signal occupies its own specific band of frequencies all the time, i.e. the messages share the channel called _____________. (Bandwidth) 3. In telecommunications, ________________ is a technique by which the total bandwidth available in a communication medium is divided into a series of nonoverlapping frequency sub-bands, each of which is used to carry a separate signal. (FDM) 4. At the source end, for each frequency channel, an electronic oscillator generates a _______________. (Carrier Signal) 5. This translates the data signal in the sidebands back to its original baseband frequency. (Demodulator) 6. It removes the carrier frequency, and the data signal is output for use. (Electronic Filter) 7. It usually a band pass filter with a pass band 300Hz to 3400Hz for speech. (BLF) 8. For telephony, the physical line is divided (notionally) into ______ bands or channels. (4kHz) 9. The first multiplexing step combines ____ voice inputs into a basic group. (12) 10-12. Advantages of FDM Possible with large bandwidth Multiple signals carried simultaneously Each signal modulated onto different Carrier frequency Carrier frequencies are sufficiently Separated (in 106) Bandwidths do not overlap The senders can send signals continuously. Works for analog signals too. No dynamic coordination necessary.

13-15. Disadvantages of FDM Frequency is scarce resources. Radio broadcasts 24 hours a day, but mobile communication only takes place for a few minutes. A separate frequency for each possible communication scenario is a tremendous waste of frequency resources. Inflexible: one channel idle and the other one busy.

TDM: 1. Is used mainly for digital communication. Each information is allowed to use all the available bandwidth, but only part of the time. (TDM) 2. Cancellation due to the reflection of signals often causes very deep fades. (Rayleigh Fading) 3. The synthesizer changes frequency many times per second according to preprogrammed sequence of channels. (Pseudo-Random Noise Sequence) 4. Is commonly used with digital modulation schemes. The idea is to modulate the transmitter with a bit stream consisting of pseudo-random noise(PN) that has a much higher rate than the actual data to be communicated. (Direct Sequence Systems) 5. A method of switching that moves a signal from one time slot to another on the same physical path. (Time Switching) 6. A method of switching that provides a separate physical path for each symbol. (Space Switching) 7. Combination of Time and Space Shifting. (Time-Space-Time Switching) 8. Bits added to a signal to help the receiver to detect the beginning and end of data frames. (Framing Bits) 9. A group of twelve frames. (Superframe) 10. Works by the multiplexor giving exactly the same amount of time to each device connected to it. This time slice is allocated even if a device has nothing to transmit. (Synchronous TDM) 11. A more flexible method of TDM. The length of time allocated is not fixed for each device but time is given to devices that have data to transmit. (Asynchronous TDM) 12. Time-division multiplexing was first developed in telegraph developed by ___________ in 1870. (Emile Baudot) 13. Use of a single channel by more than one transmitter. (Multiple Access) 14-15. Advantages of TDM only one carrier in the medium at any time throughput high even for many users