LECTURE THEME 7.

1: THE RISE OF THIRD SECTOR APPROACH Compulsory Readings Readings: Amitai Etzioni (1973), The Third Sector and Domestic Mission, Public Administration Review, Vol. 33 (4) (the article is available online) Jacques Defourny and Patrick Develtere (1999), (1999), The Social Economy_ The Worldwide Making of a Third Sector (Chapter 1) (available online)

Amitai Etzionis The Third Sector and Domestic Mission is well acknowledged for making the third sector approach famous in political science and public administration fields. However, other names used synonymous with the third sector include the Social Economy (Defourny and Develtere, 1999) However, some analysts trace the origins of this approach into the inter-world war global politics, especially in the European and American States. It started as a kind of informal struggles of non-state actors to influence global economic and political arrangements after the First World War, and then it came to grow into institutionalized efforts of non-state actors to play a critical role in international political economy. A remarkable example of institutionalized third sector arrangement was the Bilderberg Conference, which was held in Rotterdam in 1954 (for more details read my paper online) The third sector approach is based on the assumption that apart from the traditional two actors (government-public sector and the market-private sector), when the non-state actors (typically non governmental, not-for profit) play an elevated and critical role in production, delivery, and distribution of public good they form an intermediary (but economically equally important sector). Following the first and second world wars, the Non-State Actors (NSAs) in Europe and America came to play a very important role in searching for worlds long lasting political and economic stability. Blaming the governments and market for failure to ensure political and economic stability, NSAs, in addition to their traditional role (advocacy) started to invest in production and delivery of services as well as influencing economic policy arrangements. Note:

In Tanzania, the third sector brand was promoted by international research institutions, mostly the Aga Khan Development Network and John Hopkins. Authors use the term for analytical purposes, but it is highly questionable whether the context on ground suggest that Civil Society Organizations and NGOs in Tanzania form what can be referred to as the third sector. Today, the use of the approach seems to be more like an intellectual movement fused with the Global Civil Society Movement (GSM). However, the remaining question is; does the third sector view offer anything new in analyzing the meaning and role of civil society in tanzania?