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Integer BASIC, written by Steve Wozniak, was the BASIC interpreter of the Apple I and original Apple II computers. Originally available on cassette, then included in ROM on the original Apple II computer at release in 1977, it was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners.[1] Thousands of programs were written in Integer BASIC.
Contents
1 Little Brick Out 2 Relationship to Applesoft BASIC 3 The Mini-Assembler and other auxiliary firmware 4 Switching between BASICs 5 Editing 6 See also 7 References 8 External links
Integer BASIC's speed advantage was partly because floating-point calculations are more complex and thus inherently slower on the Apple's 6502 CPU than binary calculations. The 6502 lacked a hardware floating point unit requiring all floating point operations be performed indirectly, in software. Applesoft BASIC uses floating point for all numerical operations, even in cases where integers would suffice. The speed advantage was also partly due to some syntax checking being performed by Integer BASIC at entry-time, as well as numbers being converted to binary form at that time, rather than these things being done at run-time. (A popular speed optimizing technique in most interpreted BASICs including Applesoft is to put all frequently used constants into variables, since fetching the variable's value is faster than converting a number from text a difference which becomes significant, given perhaps hundreds of iterations. Such methods are superfluous in Integer BASIC.)
Editing
The editing method for Integer BASIC (actually part of the system monitor's line-input subroutine) was a slightly more primitive version of the method available in the Apple II Plus firmware. Pressing Escape followed by A, B, C, or D would move the cursor right, left, down, or up, respectively. It was necessary to press Escape each time unlike with the later Escape K, J, M, and I (Apple II Plus and later) and Escape right, left, down, up (Apple IIe and later). Each successive version supports all previous methods; for example, even on the Apple IIe, one could press Escape then A and move just one space. If Integer BASIC is loaded from a DOS 3.3 disk into an Apple II Plus or newer model, it uses newer monitor ROM code (either the one from the Apple II Plus or the native version built into the computer, depending on the DOS version). Thus the newer Escape codes are available in this configuration. In all systems, pressing the right arrow key, while not in escape mode, would pick up the character under the cursor, allowing on-screen text to be effectively retyped into the input buffer.
There were third party programs for example PLE, GPLE from Synergistic Software and later Beagle Bros, and GALE which offered more powerful and programmer-friendly editing facilities.
See also
Applesoft BASIC
References
1. ^ Weyhrich, Steven (2001-10-20). "The Apple II" (http://apple2history.org/history/ah02.html). pp. page 2. Retrieved 2007-09-16. "There were also several program cassettes available to purchase (assuming that you had the cassette interface). These included Wozniak's BASIC (which took about 30 seconds to load)..." 2. ^ Steil, Michael (2008-07-14). "1200 Baud Archeology: Reconstructing Apple I BASIC from a Cassette Tape" (http://www.pagetable.com/?p=32). Retrieved 2011-12-07. 3. ^ Weyhrich, Steven (2001-12-12). "The Apple II" (http://apple2history.org/history/ah03.html). pp. page 3. Retrieved 2007-09-16. "The [[Integer]] BASIC, which we shipped with the first Apple II's, was never assembled ever. There was one handwritten copy, all handwritten, all hand-assembled."
External links
INTEGER BASIC Reference (http://www.landsnail.com/a2ref2.htm) From Landsnail.com's "Apple II Programmer's Reference" website Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Integer_BASIC&oldid=568091391" Categories: BASIC programming language family Apple II software BASIC interpreters Software written in assembly language This page was last modified on 11 August 2013 at 16:43. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.