Electrolytes: Sodium (N):

136-145

Low: fluid loss from diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis, diuretic use. Result: postural hypotension, abdominal cramps, headache, fatigue, weakness. High: dehydration, high salt intake, poor renal function Result: edema, tachycardia Low: laxatives, renal failure, low dietary calcium or Vit. D, excessive Mg intake. Result: osteoporosis, muscle spasms/tetany, Ca. deposits in tissue, cardiac arrhythmia, asystole. High: immobilization, metastic bone CA; over use of antacids containing Ca. Result: thirst, polyuria, renal stones, decreased muscle tone and DTRs, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, asystole.

Potassium (K): Calcium (Ca):

3.5-5.0 9.0-10.5

Magnesium (Mg): Chloride (Cl): Phosphorus (PO):

1.6-2.4 98-106 3.5-4.5

Other: Glucose (fasting): 60-110 Glucose (2 hr. postprandial): Up to 140 Hgb A1c: 5.4 Normal Iron (Fe): 65-150 Lipoproteins and Triglycerides: Cholesterol (total): <200 221 for older adults HDL: 40 LDL: < 70 60 180 for older adults Triglycerides: < 50 Osmolality: 289-308 AST: <35 ALT: <35 Thyroid Function tests: Transferrin: >200 Uric acid: M 2.8-8.0 F 2.0-7.5

Elevations indicates increased risk for CAD Elevations protect against CAD Elevations indicates increased risk for CAD Elevations indicates increased risk for CAD

> 8.0 = gout or pseudogout

WBC + Differential: WBC (cells/ml): 4,500-10,000

> 10,000 indicates systemic infection Chemotherapy: < 5,000: use revers isolation, see pt. in room, careful hygiene, hold aerobic exercise.

Complete blood count (CBC): Hgb: M 13.5-16.5 F 12.0-15.0 Hct: M 41-50 F 36-44 RBCs: M 4.5-5.5 F 4.0-4.9 MCV: 80-100 MCH: 26-34 MCHC: 31-37 Platelet: 100,000450,000

Low: Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea Low: Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea Low: Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea

Chemotherapy: 30,000 50,000: avoid resisted exercise, risk of internal hemorrhage, ambulation OK. < 30,000: bedside, gentle AROM < 20,000: consult with physician before activity

ESR:

M F

0-17 1-25

Bad if elevated. Used to diagnose, or follow the course of inflammatory diseases, e.g. rheumatic conditions.

Creatine Kinase (CK): CK: Creatinine: F M 30-135 55-170 0.5-1.4

Elevations indicates possible brain, myocardial and skeletal muscle necorosis or injury. *values higher after exercise* Renal function measure: High values are BAD. May indicate nephropathy, end stage renal deficiency. Elderly values lower because of reduced muscle mass. Can occur in brittle diabetics also.

Proteins: Albumin: Ammonia: Bilirubin (total): Protein: UA: Specific Gravity:

3.2-5 20-70 0.1-1.2 6.4 8.3

1.010 1.025

Blood Gases (ABGs): pH: 7.35 7.45 pCO2: 35-45 HCO3: 21-26 BUN: 7-20 SaO2: 95-99 Drug Level: Acetaminophen Aminophylline Theophylline Amikacin Chloramphenicol Gentamicin Tobramycin Digoxin Lidocaine Procainamide Propranolol Quinidine Lithium Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Valproic acid Blood Pressure: Normal: Pre: HTN stage 1: HTN stage 2:

Panic values: < 7.2 or > 7.6 < 20 or > 70 < 10 or > 40 < 60 (or 90 by our standards) Toxic level: >250 >20 >20 >25 >25 >12 >12 >2.4 >5 >16 >150 >10 >2 >500 >500 >12 >40 >30 >100

Use: Therapeutic level: Analgesic/antipyretic Depends on use Bronchodilator 10-20 Bronchodilator 10-20 Antibiotic 12-25 Antibiotic 10-20 Antibiotic 4-12 Antibiotic 4-12 Cardiotonic 0.8-2.0 Antiarrhythmic 1.5-5.0 Antiarrhythmic 4-8 Antiarrhythmic 50-100 Antiarrhythmic 1-4 Antimanic 0.7-2.0 Antidepressant 120-150 Antidepressant 50-150 Anticonvulsant 5-12 Anticonvulsant 10-30 Anticonvulsant 7-20 Anticonvulsant 50-100 SBP: < 120 120-139 140-159 > 160 DBP: < 80 80-90 90-99 > 100

Ejection Fraction: Normal: Mild LV Dysfunction: Moderate LV dysfunction: Severe LV dysfunction:

> 55% 40-55% 30-40% < 30%

BMI Table: Underweight: Normal weight: Overweight: Obesity: Morbid Obesity: PT INRs: Normal INRs DVTs Mechanical valves aPTT PTT D-Dimer Troponin-T Troponin-I Myoglobin

18.5 18.5- 24.9 25 29.9 > 30 > 40 11-12.5 (1-2) (2-3) (2.5-3.5) 30-40 60-70 < 250 < 0.20 < 0.03 < 90

Elevations in Troponin indicates Myocardial injury or infarction Elevation indicates MI