INTRODUCTION

Every one recognizes the need for environmental protection. Industrialization has contributed to the demise of our air, water, and soil quality As a result, environmental regulations have been developed for emissions to air, water and land. However, these are external laws that change, making it difficult for a company to remain current. New trade agreements like the General Agreement of Tariff and Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement have accelerated the integration of the world economy. Roughly 70% of the worlds commerce is now carried out by the 500 largest transnational corporations. At the same time, a world wide environmental movement has developed in response to ecological abuses by some of these corporation. Public pressure resulted in legislation in many countries that increased liability for polluting, the cost of waste disposal and forced the disclosure of toxic releases. Compliance costs coupled with the rising cost of resources and energy and the criglind costs of litigation and government imposed restrictions give transnationals increasing incentive to pay closer attention to health, safety and environmental issues. It is no attriusm. Bluntly it affects their bottom line. As a result, a movement for Environmental Management Standards (EMS) has arisen from the ranks of the multinationals. Companies like IBM , 3M, Dow Chemical , ARCO Chemical , Allied Signal, Motorola, Bayer, Merck and Georgia Pacific for purely business reasons have began the process of developing EMS with ISO 14000 series standards, are designed to provide relevant, accurate, quantitative internal information to corporate executive so they can assess the effectiveness of their current systems, make informed business decisions and improve their efficiency and environmental performance. How far and fast they will become acceptable to the Indian corporates is yet to be seen. However, one thing is definite. The ISO 14000 series of standards would bring in a new way of conducting business in India, a fresh approach to environmentalism.

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT STANDARDS : THE BASIS

INTRODUCTION : Most of what we as human do is process and consume. Almost everything we get on use is from the land, usually from mining else from farming or ranching. Using up resources means something needs to go back in. How can we simply take and never give? For our sake, by committing to careful management of the quality of the environment, the world can be replenished and will continue to provide. Without environmental responsibility, the fate of all species is questionable. A sound, well structured, fully supported environmental management system is the key to our own survival and that of other organisms and members of the ecosystem. A bit of management and the entire human race will gain. Rule are curbs, regulations are standards; the standards set at the international level to challenge the fate of non-conformists. In the face of growing competition, Quality is the buzz world for within the industry product differentiation has diminished. It is both the Green Consumers and the growing quality consciousness that have led to the initiation, earlier and growth, later, of Environmental Management Systems (EMS). EMS are management tools to enable an organization of any size or type to control the impact of its activities, product or services on the environment. An EMS represents a structured approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and demonstrate that they have been achieved. Thus, a series of standards are designed to cover the whole areas of environmental issues for organizations in the global market place. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT The environmental field has seen a steady growth of national and regional standards. While GATT concentrates on the need to reduce non-tariff barriers to trade, the Rio Summit in 1992 generated a commitment to protection of environment across the world. The ISO 14000 series emerged primarily as a result of the Uruguay round of the GATT negotiations and Rio Summit on the environment issues.

The British Standards Institution has BS 7750 which introduces itself as a specification for the various stages of developing an environmental management system and also as guidance on implementation and assessment. It is compatible with BS5750, the month of ISO 9000. The Canadian Standards Association also has environmental management, auditing, eco-labeling and other standards, the European Union has all of these plus the eco-management and audit regulations and many other Countries as USA , Germany and Japan, have introduced ecolabeling programs. After the rapid acceptance of ISO 9000, and the increase of environmental standards around the world, ISO assessed the need for environmental management standards . They formed the Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment (SAGE) in 1991, to consider whether such standards could serve to: Promote a common approach to environmental management similar to quality management Enhance organizations ability to attain and measure improvements in environmental performance; and Facilitate trade and remove trade barriers. In 1992 SAGEs recommendations created a new committee, TC 207, for international environmental management standards. The committee, and its sub-committees include representatives from industry, standards organizations, government and environmental organizations from many countries. Thus, was born the new series of ISO 14000 standards. THE NEED FOR STANDARDS: A set of international standards bring a world wide focus to the environment, encouraging a cleaner, safer, healthier world for us all. The existence of the standards allows organizations to focus environmental efforts against an international accepted criteria. At present, many countries and regional groupings are generating their own requirements for environmental issues and these vary between the groups. A single standard will ensure that there are no conflicts between regional interpretations of good environmental practice.

An Environmental Management System (EMS) offers many advantages to a company : On the internal front : Encourages organizations to balance economic and environmental interests by brining environmental issues into dayto-day decision making. Improved environmental compliance with mandatory and voluntary requirements. Reduction in potential liabilities, fines and penalties associated with regulatory issues. Positive corporate image and heightened environmental awareness among employees. Identified opportunities for waste reduction, recycling and elimination, prevention of pollution and decreased energy usage. Reliable and measurable management performance and increased overall operating efficiency. Improved competitive edge in the global market place.

With regards the external environment : Assures customers of commitment to demonstrable environmental management . Maintains good public/ community relations. Satisfy investor criteria and improving access to capital Helps obtain insurance at reasonable cost. Enhance image and market share. Helps meet vendor certification criteria. Improves cost control. Reduces incidents that result in liability. Demonstrates reasonable care socially. Conserves input materials and energy.

Facilitates the attainment of permits and authorizations. Fosters development and share environmental solutions. Improves inter-governmental relations.

Thus, EMS helps an organization to establish and meet its own policy goals through objectives and targets, organizational structures and accountability, management controls and review functions with top management oversight. KEY PRINCIPLES MANAGEMENT: FOR SUCCESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL

Any organization that has more than a few employees needs to have management systems in place, in order to conduct its affairs rationally. Just as all other areas of endeavor are complex and require planned and systematic approaches, so too do environmental and sustainable development issues. Environmental management is an essential, integral part of the overall management system. The design of the system must be ongoing, interactive process for defining, documenting and continually improving the required capabilities. Thus, an organization should implement an effective environmental management system in order to protect human health and environment from the potential impacts of its activities, products and services; and to assist in maintaining and improving the quality of the environment. In this regard, the EMS should be built over a basic framework, a structure that should provide it with some contents. To provide guidelines there are five basic principles for effective design and implementation of an EMS. These are as follows :I. Commitment and Policy : An organization should focus what need to be done it should ensure commitment to the Environmental Management System and define its policy. Planning : An organisation should formulate a plan to fulfil its environmental policy. Implementation : For effective implementation, an organisation should develop the capabilities and support mechanisms necessary to achieve its environmental policy, objectives and targets. Measurements and Evaluations : An organisation should measure, monitor, and evaluate its environmental performance.

II. III.

IV.

V.

Reviews and Improvements : An organisation should review and continually improve its environmental management system, with the objective of improving its overall environmental performance.

An environmental management system following these five principles provides order and consistency in addressing environmental concerns. Organisations need environmental management systems in order to anticipate and meet environmental performance expectations and ensure compliance with requirements, both nationally and internationally . KEY ELEMENTS MANAGEMENT : FOR SUCESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL

It is up to the management to define the organisation. The management must identify functions and responsibilities, level of the authority and accountability, lines of the communication and interfaces. Management identifies the needs and expectations of customers, then defines objectives to satisfy customers. Thus, with regards the environmental standards, ten management elements as identified are: Organisation Management system description Qualifications & training Procurement Documents & records Hardware & Software Planning Work processes Assessments & response, and Continuous improvement

Today, environmental issues are addressed by most companies not just as a means of avoidance of litigation hassles but also a means of competitiveness and innovation strategy. In this regard, ISO 14000 series of standards set forth a balanced EMS mechanism. The rest of the project, thereby, focuses on ISO 14000 series.

ISO 1400 : ESSENTIAL FUNDAMENTAL

INTRODUCTION : In recent years there has been heightened interest in and commitment to improved environmental management practices by both the public and private sectors. This interest is reflected in the success of collaborative international efforts to address environmental problems and in the global recognition of trade related environmental issues. ISO 14000 is the worlds first series of internationally accepted standards for environmental management. Where levels of environmental management vary greatly from country to country, ISO 14000 attempts to provide one language for environmental management, the one that everyone can understand. The Organisation de Standards International in 1947, sets standards for a wide range of operation. Following the success of the ISO management, ISO introduced the 14000 management. (ISO) formed in Amsterdam products and management 9000 Standards for quality series for environmental

Because ISO 14000 is an extension of the popular total quality management (TQM) approach to business management, striving to achieve excellence and constant improvement are key objectives. Thus, essentially, ISO 14000 is a system that will essentially privatize environmental regulation. For it is a TQM approach to environmental protection, it is process oriented. It does not establish standards with defined performance criteria. It is not a single standard, but a systematic way of looking at a companys operations to determine first, if they are in compliance, then second, developing action plan to bring a company into compliance and beyond. The standards include an independent system of public reporting and audits to check progress. WHAT : ISO 14000 provides a structure within which companies establish, achieve and control whatever level of environmental performance they set for themselves. In a world where economics and political concerns continue to dominate the ability of business, ISO 14000 offers a new and sensible approach to pollution control. Thus provide the means to comply with laws and regulations and continually support new ideas, opportunities for preventing pollution and reducing environmental compliance costs. In doing so the standards do not dictate specific

solutions, but rather, they fuel a continuous cycle of identifying problems: identifying opportunities for improvement, implementing changes ; reporting results ; and monitoring the overall performance of the environmental management system. A definition of the environment is in order. According to ISO 14000 : Environment is the surroundings in which an organisation operator, including air , water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their inter-relation. The environment extends from within an organisation to the global system. Published by ISO on September 1, 1996, ISO 14001 defined an environmental Management System as follows: That part of the overall management system which includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing implementing achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy. Environmental compliance system like ISO 14000 are designed to critically review existing operations and the environmental consequences of business decisions to achieve compliance with environmental requirements and take steps beyond compliance. The standards push companies to setup an effective structure to accomplish specific environmental improvements and lower environmental costs through strategies like pollution prevention. Reporting and accountability for progress toward meeting environmental goals are built into the process. ISO 14000 is a series of voluntary generic standards that provide business management with the structure for managing environmental impacts. The standards include a broad range of environmental management disciplines, including the basic management system, auditing , performance evaluation labeling and life-cycle assessment. The standards basically are of two types : guidance and specification. All the standards except ISO 14001 are guidance standards. This means that they are descriptive documents, rather than prescriptive requirements. A company or an organization does not register to ISO 14001, the specification standard that is a model for an environmental management system. Classified according to their focus, the standards fall into two categories :
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Organization or process standards environmental management standards (EMS), environmental auditing (EA) and environmental performance evaluation (EPA), and Product-oriented standards life-cycle assessment (LCA), environmental labeling (EL) and environmental product standards (EAPS).

What are the key Elements of an ISO 14000: The key elements of an ISO 14000 EMS are: Environmental Policy The environmental policy and the requirements to pursue this policy via objectives, targets, and environmental programs Planning The analysis of the environmental processes to control and improve operational activities that are critical from an environmental perspective (including both products and services of an orgnaizing) Checking and corrective action Checking and corrective action including the monitoring, measurement, and recording of the characteristics and activities that can have a significant impact on the environment. Management Review Review of the EMS by the organizations top management to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. Continual improvement The concept of continual improvement is a key component t of the environmental management system; it completes the cyclical process of plan, implement, check, review and continually improve. The ISO 14000 series of standards was created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) a worldwide federation of over 110 member nations based in Geneva, Switzerland. ISO exists today to develop uniform standards for many types of industry and is the same organization that created the world renowned ISO 9000 quality management standards. Today the ISO 9000 standards have become a
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virtual prerequisite for doing business overseas particularly in the EU . Experts predict that acceptance for the ISO 14000 standards will exceed the vast popularity of 9000. ISO 14000 provides the means to comply with laws and regulations, and continually supports new ideas, opportunities for preventing pollution and reducing environmental compliance costs. In doing so, the standards do not dictate specific solutions, but rather they fuel a continuous cycle of: Identifying problems Identifying opportunities for improvement Implementing changes Reporting results Monitoring the overall Management System performance of the Environmental

More and more companies are recognizing the need to adopt sound environmental practices that are based on sustainable development, and the need to better manage resources. Companies are becoming more environmentally conscious for many reasons and implementation of ISO 14000 has the potential to distinguish companies as environmentally concerned business partners. Implementing an ISO 14000 EMS provides the framework for an organizing to achieve a high level of environmental performance that fosters ongoing compliance. ISO 14000 offers a systematic approach for organizations to manage their environmental obligations in a consistent and orderly manner. The best way to figure out what ISO 14000 series cover is answered by providing a list of the proposed standards : Stand ard 14000 Title/Description

Guide to Environmental Management Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques Environmental Management Systems Specification with

14001

10

Guidance for Use 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing General Principles of Environmental Auditing Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Audit Procedures Part 1 : Auditing of Environmental Management Systems Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors. Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Audit Programmes, Reviews and Assessments Environmental Labelling

14011

14012

14013/ 15 14020/ 23 14024

Environmental Labelling -= Practivioner Programs Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of Multiple Criteria Programs Guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation

14031/ 32 14040/ 43 14050 14060

Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and Practices

Glossary Guide for the Inclusion of Environmental Aspects in Products Standards.

What is ISO 14001 ? ISO 14001 : Environmental Management Systems- Specification with Guidance for use is the only normative standard in the series. It is the one against which a companys environmental management system will be audited by an internal auditor or a third party auditor- if a company chooses too have its EMS certified( registered ). A company can self certify. All the other standards in the ISO 14000 series are guidance or informative documents. ISO 14001 is a management system standard. It is not a performance or product standard, although the framers developed with the ideas that the result of its implementation should be better industry environmental performance. The standard represents a

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shift towards holistic proactive management and total employee involvement . ISO 14001 urges employees to define environmental roles from the bottom up and requires top management backing, resources and visibility to support them. Comparable to the ISO 9001, 9002 and 9003 quality system specifications standards, it is a comprehensive framework that contains core elements for managing a companys processes and activities to identify significant environmental aspects the organisation can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. The standard can be used by any company, facility or organisation of any size in the world. While ISO 14001 likely is to be used in manufacturing or processing industries, it also can be applied to services such as construction, architecture, health care and engineering. This standard essentially requires a company to state what it does in environmental management and do what it states. ISO 14001 is not a product standard, is not an environmental performance standard, does not require you to establish or disclose performance levels or disclose audit results, does not require certification and is not required , period. The standard, developed by TC 207 SC1, was elevated to draft international standard status in July 1995 and published as a final standard in September 1996. ISO 14001 consists of the following sections : Introduction : This section specification standard. is a general orientation to the

Scope : This is a statement that establishes the objectives of ISO 14001. Normative References : This sections states that there are no normative references, that is, there are no standards that are auditable that apply directly to this standard. Definitions : This establishes definitions for the purpose of this standard including definitions of an EMS, an EMS audit, an environmental aspect and continual improvement. Environmental Management System Requirements : This follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle which companies must follow to ensure good EMS practice.

What is the ISO 14004 guidance document ?

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ISO 14004 : Environmental Management Systems- Guidelines on Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques provides practical help on tailoring an EMS to a particular company. It sets forth EMS principles, explains fundamental environmental management concepts, defines key terms and offers a step by- step walk through of an EMS. It goes into more details than does the ISO 14001 specification, combining the experience of the drafters in the practical application of an EMS. In particular, the guidance : Establishes key principles implementing an EMS ; for management to use in

Provides detail on all the steps needed to begin implementation ; Suggests an implementation Plan ; Suggests a way a company may establish a system for measuring, monitoring and evaluating the performance of the management system against its objectives and targets ; Suggests how a company improvement process; and Offers examples principles. of should manage its continual

international

environmental

guiding

The drafters emphasized that the ISO 14004 document is not to be used for certification or to be audited against by auditors. It is for use by companies for internal guidance. The ISO 14004 document, developed by TC 207 SCI, suggests that the process and results of the initial environmental review should be documented. ISO 14004 was published , along with ISO 14001, as an international standard in September 1996. What are the ISO 14020 labeling standards ? ISO 14020 : Environmental Labeling General Principles is a standard to be used in the drafting process of all the labeling standards. It provides general principles to guide the development of specific environmental claims. ISO 14021 : Terms and Definitions for Self Declaration Environmental Claims establishes general guidelines regarding environmental claims in relation to the supply of goods and services.

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The objective of the standard in its draft from is to contribute to a reduction in the environmental burdens and impacts associated with the consumption of goods and services and to harmonize the use of environmental claims. This document is closely aligned with US Federal Trade Commission guidelines interpreting FTC policy, laws and cases that indicate how the FTC will enforce the law in the area of environmental labeling claims . ISO 14022 : Environmental Labeling Self Declaration Environmental Claims Symbols is intended as a standard too ensure that symbols used to denote such things as recyclability and recycled content are understood to mean the same thing universally. ISO 14023 : Environmental Labeling Self Declaration Environmental Claims Testing and Verification was scheduled for preliminary work beginning in 1996. It was uncertain when it would be adopted as a final standard. ISO 14024 : Environmental Labeling Guiding Principles, Practices, and Criteria for Multiple Criteria Based Practitioner Programmes ( Type I ) Guide for Certification Procedure is a guide for practitioner programs such as Blue Angel, Nordic Swan and Green Seal. The standard provides criteria for practitioners to use when evaluating products and awarding labels to companies. The ISO 14024 standard states that the practitioners shall maintain a publicly available list of products which are currently licensed to carry the level. More than 25 different national programs exist, and those programs have the potential to create trade barriers throughout the world. However , the draft of the ISO 14024 eco-labeling document reflects many of the acceptable conditions that ISO members except in a standard of this type . ISO 14025 : Environmental Labels and Declarations Environmental Information Profiles- Type III Guiding Principles and Procedures is a labeling program resembling for nutritional labeling placed on food products As of early 1997 there were three types of labels : Type I : third party certified environmental labeling ( subject of ISO 14024 ); Type II : informative self- declaration claims ( A Type II labeling proposal allowing an organization to issue a single symbol demonstrating conformance to ISO 14021 was removed from the SC 3 work agenda at the June 1996 TC meeting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Generally, Type II labeling refers to an organisation s making self declared environmental claims.) ; and Type III : quantified product information based on independent verification using indices ( subject of ISO 14025 ) to define environmental performance evaluation (EPE) of management and operational systems of companies, and to provide guidance for adopting such a process. It includes examples of environmental preference indicators. EPE, in the context of an EMS, can be used both as a measurement /evaluation system and as a system for setting strategy. This process differs from an environmental audit in that an EPE is an ongoing review process conducted by line people responsible for the organizations environmental performance, as opposed to an audit that is conducted at infrequent intervals by people responsible for the organizations environmental performance, as opposed to an audit that is conducted at infrequent intervals by people independent of the audited function. What are the ISO 14040 life- cycle assessment standards? ISO 14040: Environment Management Life Cycle Assessment. Principles and Guidelines is a standard aimed at encouraging public policy makers, private organizations, and the public to approach environmental issues in a systematic manner that takes into account the environmental impact of a broader range of activities than has traditionally be the case. This standard is intended to be capable of being integrated into the operations of an organization and is not limited to application by third party practitioners. ISO 14041: Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Goal and Definition/Scope and Inventory Analysis is a standard seeking to give people directly involved in ICAs specific guidelines and requirements to help them formulated the goal and scope of a life cycle assessment and inventory analysis. It concentrates on the LCA studys scope and on the process to conduct an inventory analysis such as defining the systems to be studied, the required input and output data, intended uses of the results, intended audiene, the critical review process and the LCAs limitaitons, among other things. ISO 14042: Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Impact Assessment is a standard proposing three major categories that should be considered in an impact assessment component of an LCA classification, characterization, and valuation. ISO 14043: Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Interpretation is a work in progress. In summer 1996, case studies were being reviewed for rough draft. The

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title of this Assessment.

standard

was

changed

from

LCA

Improvement

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What is the relationship between ISO 14000 and ISO 9000. The common belief among professionals in the international standards arena is that the ISO 14000 EMS and auditing standards and the ISO 9000 series of quality system standards ultimately should be aligned in some manner. A drive toward more efficient auditing will spur efforts to eliminate multiple audits, since there is a strong desire among industry members that there should only be one audit for management systems. In fact, in mind 1996, companies already were undergoing joint audits and at least one company received a joint ISO 90000/ISO 14001 certification. Integrating implementation of the standards are the operational level could help cut costs by making certification (registration) efforts more economical and audits less disruptive for auditees. Some of the language and concepts in ISO 14001 mirror those in ISO 9001, including a requirement for a policy statement top management commitment, document control, training, corrective action, management review and continual improvement. However, there are several key differences, making ISO 14001 more demanding. ISO 14001 sections missing from ISO 9001 include specific policy requirements, environmental aspect identification, setting objectives and targets at all relevant levels, and the requirements that a company commit to complying with appropriate legislation and to prevention of pollution. As a result, ISO 14001 has legal implications missing from ISO 9000, and must take into account a broader array of stakeholders. What is a certification body and what is certification? Environmental management system certification is the result of an assessment and audit of an organizations environmental management system by a third party, likely to be known as a certification body, or a registrar in US terminology. The certification body evaluates an environmental management system of a facility site, portion of a site or group of similar sites, for conformity to ISO 14001. The evaluation will include an examination of the companys environmental records. It will include a thorough on site audit to determine conformance to the ISO 14001 standard. Companies also can self certify. Several countries adopted the ISO 14001 draft international standard as a national standard as a national standard prior to ISO 14001s final adoption, and many companies became certified to the national standards and to the DIS version of ISO 14001. Once it became an international standard in September 1996, EU member nations accepted ISO 14001 as their single national standard. The seven steps of certification are:

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1. Scope : A company or organization must identify the scope of the certification and the site to which it applies. 2. Application: All certification bodies (or registrars) require a completed application containing he rights and obligations from both the certification body and the client. 3. Document review: The certification body will ask the company or organization to submit documentation on its EMS. 4. Pre-assessment: Most registrars recommend a pre-assessment of the company or organizations current operating status; some require it. 5. Assessment: A full assessment is conducted to validate a sites readlines for ISO 140001 certification. 6. Certification: The three possible outcomes of an assessment are certification, conditional approval or disapproval. 7. Surveillance: Because an EMS is a living system, certificates must be renewed. Most certification bodies conduct surveillance every six to twelve months. When Some observers trace the genesis of the ISO 14000 series to the 1972 United Nations Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm, which ultimately spawned a 1987 report titled Our Common Future. This report contained the initial reference to sustainable development , calling for industry to develop effective environmental management systems. BY the end of 1988, more than 50 world leaders and publicly supported the report. The United Nations (UN) then convened the UN Conference on Environment and Development the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. In part to prepare for this summit, in 1991 ISO established the Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment (SAGE) to make recommendations regarding international standards. Efforts to create a single, generic internationally recognized EMS standard had been driven by the desire among companies to avoid duplicative and sometimes competitive corporate and governmental programs and by their need for objective validation of their commitment. Such efforts began on several fronts, but one led the way to ISO 14001.

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In the early 1990s in United Kingdom, the British Standards Institution (BSI) developed BS 7750, Environmental Management Systems, as a companion to its BS 5750 standards. Countries participating in SAGE spent nearly two years studying BS 7750 and other national EMS standards to determine the need for an ISO international standard. The result of the study was the formation of ISO Technical Committee (TC) 207 and the beginning of the development of ISO 14001. In 1993, in the European Union, the European Commission adopted the EcoManagement and Audit Scheme (EMAS), which establishes, among other requirements, specifications for environmental management systems of companies doing business in the EU. National EMS standards become obsolete when ISO members accept ISO 14001 in their stead. In the United States, the US Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to TC 207 has agreed to adopt ISO 14001 verbatim as the US national standards with NSF International, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); and the American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) as cosponsors. The first of the series of ISO 14000, 14001 was published by ISO on September , 1996. The rest followed later. Why There is increasing public concern about how well mankind is protecting the environment and a growing insistence that those who defile their surroundings be held responsible. And liable. This pressure for environmental accountability encourages everyone to do a better job of managing outputs and processes to minimize negative environmental impacts, and it has focused attention on a need for management standards that will contribute to that effort. ISO 14000 is designed for that purpose. Environmental management systems standards are important to businesses worldwide for the following reasons: Visibility, Environmental performance, both here in the United States and internationally, is being given increasing attention. How well a business performs environmentally will influences a companys success in international markets. Requirement to do business. Compliance with and, indeed, registration to international environmental standards may become a condition of doing business in a larger share of world markets. ISO 14000 is the most visible series of standards may become a

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condition of doing business in a larger share of world markets. ISO 14000 is the most visible series of standards being adopted. The widespread adoption of ISO 9000 as the acceptable and demand quality management system points to a similar growth in applicability for ISO 14000. Public pressure. There is increasing public pressure around the world for improved environmental performance and for open demonstrations that companies have heard the willof people for greater corporate responsibility. A companys image and the acceptability of its products or services may be favourably influenced to the degree that it can demonstrate its adoption of acceptable environmental safeguards. Adoption of ISO 14000 is being viewed as a means of demonstrating such corporate responsibility. Regulatory liability. There is an increasing number of international initiatives, only voluntary for companies to adopt management system that provide a systematic approach to controlling environmental impacts. Adoption of ISO 140000 could demonstrate a companys commitment to environmental complaisance and be a mitigating factor when liabilities are determined factor when liabilities are determined for environmental offenses. Sound business practice. Perhaps the most important reason for adopting an environmental management system (EMS) is that it introduces more efficient business processes to a company. Such a business decision could lead to enhanced operational effectiveness, and this bottom-line enhancement motivation is often cited as the primary justification for investing in an EMS. Environmental Improvement: Implementation of a management system that includes a responsible commitment to environmental protection wil give a company the satisfaction of helping to improve local environmental conditions. It will also put the organization in a leadership role with regard to broader environmental issues involving the community.

Keeping these in mind ISO 14000 series of standards justify the job of an environmental manager in any company, be it be offering products or services to the market. Implementing an ISO 14000 EMS provide the framework for an organization to achieve a high level of environmental performance that

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demonstrates commitment to controlling the impact of pollution and continual improvement. ISO 14000 offers a systematic approach for organizations to manage then environmental obligations in a consist out and orderly manner. The ISO 14000 works well because it: Establishes the highest level of corporate commitment to the prevention of pollution. Identifies legal and regulatory requirements Determines the environmental aspect companies activities, products or services. associated with the

Encourages environmental planning throughout the complete life cycle of the product, service or process. Establishes a process performance levels. for achieving targeted environmental

Allocates resources and training necessary to achieve. The desired level of environmental performance on a consistent basis. Measures the companys environmental performance against its environmental policy, objectives and targets to determine adequacy and the need for improvement. Establishes lines of communication. Exchanges suppliers and contractors to establish EMS, which provides protection against extent activities negatively impacting internal environmental management activities.

All of these points when taken together help protect the environment from potential impacts associated with a companys activities, products and services, and assists in maintaining and improving the quality of the environment through pollution prevention. ISO 14000 series standards are designed to provide relevant , accurate, quantitative internal information to corporate executive so that they can access the effectiveness of their current systems make informed business decisions and improve their efficiency and environmental performance. These standards create the internal mechanism whereby

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corporation can meet and exceed external environmental requirements. They help an organization to establish and meet its own policy goals through objectives and targets, organizational structures and accountability, management controls and review functions all with top management oversight. The fact that companies may need environmental management certification to compete in the global marketplace could easily overshadow all ethical reasons for environmental management like ISO 9000 quality registration, ISO 140000 management system registration, may in all probability become the primary requirement for doing business in many regions or industries ISO 140000 is a management standard, not a products. The environmental management standards dont prescribe performance levels. Instead, the expectation is that better management will provide better performance. Financial Performance Improving financial performance is a prominent objective of most companies. Yet for executive recognize how environmental risks and threats affect business objectives, as well as create or erode value. Financial performance is also affected when a companys environmental costs are substantial and eat into profits. While some companies have been highly successful in reducing environmental costs, few have done so in a highly systematic way that addresses all aspects of operations, products and services. Implementation of ISO 14000 can be used to drive improvements in business performance. Some companies are pursuing ISO 14000 in order to demonstrate environmental stewardship and responsibility through better management of environmental issues. Other companies with less tangible drivers are justified based on anticipated systems improvements, as well as product process improvements, that will result in improved financial performance. Strategic Performance Measurement Todays environmental manager must satisfy many masters, including the companys customers, employees, regulations, the public and management. To meet these often very different requirements, some companies have turned to strategic performance measurement to align the goals of support functions such as environmental management with

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the goals and objectives of the organization , as well as to link environmental performance metrics with corporate goals and objectives. More and more, environmental managers are being forced to compete for capital, finding, and human resources. Using the highly refined and systems based approach inherent in a quality based framework , the more business minded of these managers may be able to provide information critical to decision making at every point of the value chain of a companys operations that affects financial performance, growth, reputation and value Competitive firms that recognize the opportunities inherent in this approach may be well positioned for the next century. Who. Organization covered by ISO 14000 include any company, operation, firm enterprise, institution or association, or part thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration So, one or more people in any line of work whose activities, products or services are likely to interact with the environment (i.e. environmental aspects) should take a hard look at the benefits of implementing an ISO 14000 environmental management system. The ISO 14000 series provide tools for use by an organization in accomplishing its goals. They are intended to be flexible, and therefore of use in a wide variety of situations.. They are intended to be flexible, and therefore of use in a wide variety of situations. They apply perhaps most readily to large companies who have a formal management system already in place, and the expertise and resources to add environmental issues to that system. However, the principles have been designed to apply also to smaller businesses, and to non-business organizations of all kinds. They may also be applied in a very wide variety to ecosystems and regulatory regimes. This wide applicability is possible since the standards do not specify the environmental performance targets on organization must meet. That is, the standard setting process does not set itself the impossible goal of defining appropriate performance standards for all ecological, social and economic situations, Rathere, it sets the goal of continual improvement, and (of course) obeying the law.

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These standards work with existing regulatory requirements and provide a way to manage and monitor performance. These standards are not specific to any industry. They can be applied equally well to companies in both manufacturing and services sectors and other organizations. ISO 14000 represents a market drives approach to environmental protection that is potentially many times more effective in achieving significant environmental improvement than traditional command and control regulatory method. This process of participation /implementation of these standards is completed open and any, interested party may do so industry , government and small and medium sized business academic and environmental groups may assist the process of EMS implementation and regulation. The standards apply to all types and sizes of organization and are designed to encompass diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions. For ISO 14001, except for committing to continual improvement and compliance with applicable legislation and regulations, the standard downs not establish absolute requirements for environmental performance. Many organizations engaged in similar activities, may have widely different environmental management system and performance and may all comply with ISO 14001.] The standards apply to all and sundry. However it is for the company to decide and to clearly document the extent of coverage. Though , limiting coverage to a small (inconsequential) are may provide competitors with an ideal market opportunity. There does not appear to be a limit to the coverage of the environmental management ssystem in that it can include the orgnaisations products, services, activities, operations, facilities, transportation etc. From a slightly different view point all of the elements in the previous sentence should be considered for environmental impact resulting from current practices past practices and future practice and should further be reviewed for their impact under normal abnormal and emerging conditions. How.

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Once the importance of these standards is appreciated the next big question is that of the process implementation. Five areas are addressed as a part of ISO 14000 EMS . There are the: 1. Environmental Management Systems 2. Environmental Performance Evaluations. 3. Environmental Auditing 4. Life Cycle Assessment 5. Environmental labiling Environmental Management System: Standardistions in the field of environmental management systems. Environmental Performance Evaluation: Standardization in the field of environmental performance evaluation for use by organizations to measures, assess and communicate their environmental performance for appropriate management purposes. Environmental Auditing: Standardization in the field of environmental auditing and related environmental investigations. Life Cycle Assessment: Standardization in the field of life cycle assessment as a tool for environmental management of product and service systems. It environment from the extraction of raw materials to the final disposal of costs. Environmental Labeling: Standardization in the field of environmental labeling including first party practices (self declarations/claims), and guiding principles for third party certification programs (both private and government). Effective implementation of the standards will depend on a number of factors, among them:

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Clear communication of the purpose and scope of the documents to users and the public. Acceptance and the use of standards in developing countries Creating a mechanism for improving trade, and consistent and reliable conformity assessment mechanisms to support ISO 14001 certification. An example of how to link environmental objectives and targets to environmental management plans and programs is shown below:

An example of how to link environmental objectives and targets to environmental management plans and programs is shown below:
Policy Objective To conserve natural resources To minimize water use wherever technologically and commercially viable To reduce water consumption by 15% of present levels within one year Install equipment to recycle rinse water for process A for reuse in Process B which requires water of a lesser quality. John Waters

Target

Action Plan

Person Responsible Resources

Existing operations staff; new water technology; 100k from capital budget September 29, 2001

Completion Date

For effective implementation an organizations should develop the capabilities and support mechanisms necessary to achieve its environmental policy , objectives and targets. Thus , following is the checklist to ensure the capability of the environmental management system. Resources Human, Physical and Financial System Alignment and Integration Accountability and Responsibility Environmental Values and Motivation

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Knowledge, Skills and Training Support Action. Communication and Reporting Documentation Records and Information Management Operational Control Emerging Preparedness and Response

Dr. Todd Jick proposes ten commandments of managing implemntation 1. Analyse the orgnaization and its need for charge for standards 2. Create a shared vision and common directin 3. Separate from the past unstandard regims 4. Create a sense of urgency 5. Develop a leaders role for implementation 6. Line up financial backups 7. Craft an implementation plan 8. Develop enabling structures and reinforcement 9. Communicate, involve people and be honest 10.Monitor, refine, and institutionalize charge so as to upkeep the standard criteria. This follows a simple analogy you want to dig a hole in your backyard to plant a tree. Theres a shovel in you garge. Unless you wring the shovel to the background and shove its balde into the ground, there will be no hole no hole , no tree. To implemnt means to use. To implement means to manager. Manage, or the result is chance and chas. Having discussed the nitly gritty of whats inside ISO 14000 we now focus on ISO 14000 issues with respect to the Indian context.

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ISO 14000 : INDIAN ISSUES

INTRODUCTION We have all heard about the global economy to the point that the expression,. While absolutely fact , has become almost trite. It is evident, however, that we can no longer exist in a vaccum without considering the economy of the rest of the world and of its effect on us, Whether direct on indirect. In order to lower barriers and compare apples to apples so to speak, a trend toward international standards has been taking place. It includes standards for doing business, standards for product quality, and now standards for environmental management systems. That in where ISO 14000 comes and you do not have to be conducting business internationally to be affected. Before we delue into the question, What relevance does ISO 14000 hold for India?, lets look at the question, Why India? Admittedly, the fact that this report is by a patriotic Indian, and that is the main factor. However, thee is more to it than just simple partition. If was only in 1991 that India started its liberalization policy. It was only their that it realized the need fore matching international standards. This time lag ensured that the issue of environment took a backseat with the Indian corporate , products and services quality management were they key issues. Within a couple of years, competition used product differentiation advantages; service differentiation gained importance. And thus was created the seat of an Indian environment manager in a corporate office. Looking back in the late 1960s and early 1970s, environmental problems were local and the products causing them could usually be traced to specific smokes tacle pipe solutions appeared t lie in regulating those sources directly attaching solution at the end of the pipe. These were the so-called end of- pipe strategies. The environmental agenda of the 1980s added an international dimension, involving issues like acid rain, ozone depletion caused by CPCs, etc. It was then that the analysts began to look for causes not in pipes or stocks but in the nature of cumulative human activities and consumption patterns. By the mid 1980s, a broader perspective was being used to look at the whole life cycle of products from the production to their disposal /rouse so-called life cycle analysis and assessment. In addition to moral concern for a healthy environment (which has obvious importance), we might identify atleast three as to why Indian Company should with to pursue environmental policies.

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As a marketing strategy driven by the demand of green consumers An a reaction to industry regulation as governmental legislation and

As a source of innovation, efficiency and competitiveness concretely the transition to producing leaner products will be stimulated by shifts, already under way, in consumer tastes and preferences for cleaner products and these processes will simulate innovation. Traditional environmental management is being transformed. Tradition environmental management is being transformed into a vigorous form of environmental competition, involving innovative techniques to increase productivity. Indeed India could never hope to reach the goal of sustainable development without business and industry; for only this sector can develop the necessary technologies that will both satisfy human needs and , at the same time, inflect less demands on the environment. ISO 14000 : PRINCIPAL ISSUES For an Indian corporate ISO 14000 standards are measures and procedures that: Ensure the Environment Management System (EMS) of a company is approach, effective and reliable. Clearly define responsibility and authority. Create an enhanced level of awareness and competence of all employees through training exercises. Facilitate effective internal and external communication. Enhance controlled documentation and corrective action. procedure for initiating

Help to identify potential accident and emergency situation. Institute emergency preparedness environmental impacts of accidents. to prevent and mitigate

Monitors and check the effectiveness of environmental management systems.

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Help in record keeping regular management review.

internal audits and periodic

Impact ISO has a two pronged approach to meeting the needs of business, industry, governments and even the consumers in the field of environment. On one hand, it offers a wide ranging portfolio of standardized sampling testing and analytical methods to deal with specific environmental challenges. The standards, thus area means of providing business and government with scientifically valid data on the environmental effects of economic activity. On the other hand, ISO is leading a strategic approach by developing environmental management system standards that can be implemented in any type of organization in either public or private sector (companies, administration, public utilities). As emphasized earlier, the ISO 14000 standards do not dictate specific solutions, but rather they support a continuous cycle of: Identifying problems Identifying opportunities for improvement Implementing changes Monitoring the overall performance of the EMS Reporting results

Today, the Indian companies recognize the need to adopt sound environmental practices that are based on sustainable development, and the need to better manage resources. There is more and more pressure on companies to demonstrate better environmental stewardship and accountability, and the demand for companies to become more environmentally conscious. ISO 14000 offers a gradual practical approach to the management of environmental systems though objectives and targets. Autonomous bodies, Indian corporate and their quality come are building their orgnaization as per the ISO 14000 standards with the following key principles in mind: They must result in better environmental management

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They mus make the companys products and services acceptable in all nnations They should promote the broad interests of the public and the users of their products and services. They should be cost effective, non-prescriptive and flexible to allow them to meet the differing needs of the organizations clientile. As part of the flexibility, they should be suitable for both internal and external verificaiton.

For the India infrastructure sector, the ISO 14000 based EMS implies: Reduced cost of waste management Savings in consumption of emerge and material Lower distribution costs. Improved corporate image among regulators and the public and Framework for continuous environmental performance. improvement of the sectors

However, it is to be remembered that while all other ISO 14000 standard is a normative standard for which an organization is audited by a third party if the company seeks conformance certification . Thus, from here on, in the Indian context, the project shall discuss ISO 14001. Diagrammatically, the elements of ISO 14001 can be shown as:

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Plan Environmental policy aspects . Legal

Requirements objective and targets environmental management programee

Act/ Improve Management Review

Check/correct monitoring/measurement non conformance corrective /preventive action records audits

Do Structure responsibility training communication environment management documentation operational control emerging preparedness.

In India this standard is currently under the evolution stage with respect to the organiszation. Five areas will be addressed as a part of this standard: Environmental Management System Environmental Management Evaluation Environmental Auditing Life Cycle Assessment, and Environmental Labelling.

Environmental Management Systems: There are three components to an Environmental Management Systems (EMS) a written program; education and training; and knowledge of relevant local and federal environmental regulations. The written program requires the company to be committed to producing the highest quality product with the lowest possible environment impact. It sets forth the procedures to be followed to achieve this goal. A program will not be effective unless all employees have access to and understand the EMS. This is achieved through education and training.

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The EMS must also incorporate the relevant local and federal environmental regulations that apply to their specific facility. Environmental Performance Evaluation: Environmental Performance is measured by quantifying the impact a business is having on the environment. This is determined initially by an inventory of those impacts such as air emissions, and wastewater discharges. Establishing a baseline from the inventory, a company can then identify indicators of improvement. For example, a chlorine and caustic soda plant uses mercury cells as part of production process. A baseline inventory identified mercury as having the major impact on the surrounding environment. Mercury levels were measured in surface and groundwater draining from the plant into an adjacent estuary. Controls were instituted that involved a change in the manufacturing process (filtering of plant discharge water) and secure containment of waste sludges. Testing and analysis of shellfish tissue from around the plant showed progressive declines in mercury concentrations since implementation of these measures. Environmental Auditing: An environmental audit is similar to a medical exam; is a routine evaluation of a companys environmental controls. Conducted by an independent third party, it defines the inputs (raw materials, energy) and outputs (waste streams, emissions) for the system. This mass balance approach allows inefficiencies within the system that have an environmental impact to be identified. Management is provided with the audit report and then implements those changes necessary to reduce environmental impacts. A schedule is developed to allow progressive implementation of these changes before the next audit. Environmental audits are typically conducted annually. Severe problems may require more frequent mini-audits to monitor the operation of specific processes. Life Cycle Assessment: All production have a life cycle; they are born (manufactured), they live (operated) and die (disposed). As an example, take the life cycle of the automobile. During manufacture, solvents such as trichloroethylene and trichloroethane are commonly used to wash metal parts. These

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components are very soluble and persistent to breakdown in the environment. Paints (designed to protect the car body) contain high concentrations of metals. At this point in the life cycle efforts are geared towards substituting less harmful products and minimization of the waste stream. Automobile companies are already reporting life cycle assessments of their products. We are seeing the development of cars with fewer body parts and being made with a greater percentage of renewable materials (plastic and aluminum). Operational emissions are being reduced by the use of alternative fuesl (natural gas, propane) catalytic converters and the development of more fuel-efficient engine. While the life cycle idea is readily understood, the specifies are often hard to quantify . Life cycle assessment is still a concept for many products versus an exact science. However, the underlying message is very clear, what we make today will he inherited by our children tomorrow. Environmental Labeling: Environmentally friendly products, if they meet consumer needs, have an advantage over their non- friendly competitors. Under ISO 14000 the goal is to define standards for environmental labelling. Europe is leading the world, the EC adapted an Eco-label regulation in 1992. This voluntary regulation encourages manufacturers to reduce the environmental impact of their products, and inform consumers about the environmental performance of their products. At the present time, this label is targeted for detergents, painting and paper products. The framework of Eco-label scheme is likely to be adapted for ISO 14000. Companies are already planning to identify their products through the label scheme and obtaining an advantage over non-labeled competitors. It should be assumed that European firms will pursue this a venue for attracting customers.

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IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES System Flow Chart for Effective Implementation

Commit to environmental management

Control environmental management processes, practices and documents

Establish an environmental management policy

Maintain environmental management information and records

Provide environmental management leadership

Measure, monitor and audit the environmental management system

Adopt ISO 14000

Review and improve the environmental management system

Empower the environmental management team

Communicate with all stakeholders

Develop and implement environmental management procedures and instructions

Practice sustainable development

Taking a step by-step approach and elaborating: Commitment to Environmental Management Without you personal commitment and a solid commitment from your people, the policy is only a dusty document on the shelf./ It has no doubt, no purpose, no one pursuing it Policy comes from the heart of an organization, from the people who are the organization. To make yours work, you must commit to making it work. Following the program is key to compliance with the environmental policy. Implementing the program means a clear an unequivocal commitment by everyone

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involved, especially the top management. The senior management must ensure that suitable organizational systems are in place. The program should deal with any environmental consequent from part activities of the organization and with development of new products or services throughout their life cycle from feasibility studies through planning and design to construction, installation operation and eventual decommissioning. Adequate resource must be provided by management to achieve the objective and meet the commitments. Other commitments to be dealt within the policy include. Minimizing environmental impacts of new developments integrating management planning and procedures. by

Developing environment al performance evaluation and consumer fewer resources. Ensuring adequate education and training of responsible individuals and customers. Providing technology and information transfer. Involving and communicating with interested parties inside and outside the organization

Establishing an Environmental Management Policy An environmental policy is a statement by an organization of its induction and principles for environmental performance. It is the framework for action and sets environmental objectives and targets. Policy establishes a sense of direction within set parameters and aims for the overarching goal of environmental performance. All subsequent actions by the organisation will be judged against the goal of the policy statement. According to ISO 14000, the environmental policy is the drives for implementing and improving the organizations EMS so that it can maintain and potentially improve its environmental performance. The policy reflects top management commitment to compliance with applicable laws and regulations and ot continual improvement. Heres what ISO 14000 says about what should be include considerations. in policy

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Yours organizations vision core values, beliefs and mission. Requirements of interested parties Communications with interested parties Continual improvement opportunities Interactive alignment with other organisational elements and Local and regional conditions. policies and

It is the policy that is the basis for environmental objectives and targets. It should be sufficiently clear so that internal and external interested parties understand it. Policy is a living document that requires periodic river, constant nurturing and revision when needed to reflect changes in conditions or information. Provision of Environmental Management Leadership Leadership entails taking the initiative to implement new processes. An effective leader of an EMS will think in terms of two economic equations: Whats good for the environment = Whats good for the economy whats good for the economy = whats good for the environment Silverstain writes, The health of the worlds ecosystems and the wealth of the worlds economics now abb and flows in tandem. Leaders are successful where they distribute ownership and responsibility. When they balance the power and promote a partnership to end secrecy, demand a promise and redistribute with for a leader, the highly effective habits as recognized are: Be proactive Begin with the end in mid Put first things first Think win/win Seek first to understart, then to be understood

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Synergies Sharpen the saw ; principle of balanced self - renewal

A leader creates a clear mutual unders tanding of what needs to be accomplished, focusing on results not methods. An effective leader will identify the parameters within which the organization should operate, including any formidable restrictions and failure paths leaders identify resources required to accomplish objectives (human financial, technical, organizational). They set standards of performance to use in evaluating results and specify what will happen, both good and bad, is aa result of the evaluation. Adoption of ISO 14000 The objectives and targets need to be set before any action is taken. Define the environment objective such that it is not small enough to lose the overall objective of the organization nor should is it be big enough to lose the primary focus. Once the need for an EMS is established by an organization, attempts should be made to develop /adopt a standard for environmental management that can be applied to all types of functions. The rolification of independent standards has been the single greatest reason for the speedy development of ISO 14000 standards. The direct implications of non-standardization are increased cost and potential trade barriers. Companies are anxious to achieve standardization, rather than dealing with does of separate and possibly incompatible systems in the countries where they operate or trade. The requirements of ISO certification will most likely consist of a rigorous audit procedure conducted by a certified ISO auditor. The process to be followed is that a company first learns what is required, then audits its processes and identifies any deficiencies. Next, the company addresses any deficiencies and finally gets on ISO certified audit to certify that the company conform to the prescribed environmental standards.. In order for corporate to prepare for ISO 14000. Subscribe to voluntary initiatives on environmental management. Focus on current environmental management systems and work to improve them. Because there are many parallels between the two series, companies interested in preparing for ISO 14001 should be familiar with ISO 9000.

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Design your environmental management system to conform to the ISO 14001 and integrate the system into your ISO 9000 framework as much as possible. You may need to perform a pre-audit assessment of your current EMS. This should help you avoid having to revise and rework your EMS. If you operated in or export to other countries, you may wish to conduct a country analysis to determine likely certification requirements. Likewise, an analysis to determine likely certification requirements. Likewise, an analysis of likely requirements of firms with which you do business may be in order. Develop an environmental auditing (EA) program or revise your present EA program, if necessary, to ensure that the auditors used by your organization meet the basic requirements of ISO 14012. Develop internal process to evaluate your environmental performance and communicate that performance both inside and outside the company. Review the environmental performance and communicate that performance both inside and outside the company. Review the environmental labeling standard definitions as they are developed to ensure a that you products and services are not at a disadvantage. Decide how you will integrate life cycle thinking into management systems. Even after you develop your own life- cycle analysis standards, you should continually reexamine those methodologies and principles to avoid creating barrier to trade situations. Join the Technical Advisory Group to TC 207 or the countrys equivalent to keep abreast of developments or become involved in the standards development as an expert. Above all , remember that ISO 14001 and other standards in the series requires a holistic shift in thinking toward progressive environmental management at all levels of an organization. The benefits could be incalculable.

Companies with environmental compliance requirements have to adopt environmental management either as a system or a independent activities. Some of these efforts are to be proactively initiated, while others arise in response to laws, regulation, incident or even stake holders appeal. Such efforts will vary widely with respect to planning, implementation and integration into other business elements.
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Empowerment of EMS team An organization needs to focus and align its people, systems, strategy, resources and structure for effective environmental performance. Implements of environmental management is best approached in stages, based on the level of awareness of requirements environmental aspects expectations, benefits and the availability of resources. Ensuring the environmental management capability of an organization involves a concentrated effort on the port of upper and middle management. Every employee should provide input to define the necessary resources and allocate them effectively. Training needs for each person in the organization involved in environmental management (end thats just about everybody) should be identified. Minimum capability expectations should be included in your policy and objectives. It is necessary, according to ISO 14000, to assign appropriate responsibilities and authority to ensure an effective EMS is developed and implemented. Heres how ISO 14000 assigns environmental management roles and responsibilities: Environmental Establish overall direction Develop environmental policy Monitor overall performance Assure regulatory (external) system compliance Person Responsible President, CEO, Board of Directors President, CEO, Environmental Managers Chief

Chief Environmental Manager, Environmental Committee: Senior Operating Manger All Managers., Chief Environmental Manager

Ensure internal compliance

Ensure continual improvement identify customers expectations All managers Develop and maintain accounting Sales and Marketing staff procedures Purchasers, buyers Comply with defined procedures Finance. Accounting , Managers All staff

In the case of small or medium sized enterprises, it may be the owner who has the responsibilities and is held accountable for these activities. In any case, you as the most senior manager, as leader, are ultimately accountable for your organizations impacts on the environment, both good and bad. When you delegate responsibilities, be sure to delegate

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sufficient authority for making decisions and taking necessary actions. Success is guaranteed only by how well you delegate management. Also, the knowledge and skills needed to achieve environmental objectives must be identified Required competence is important to know when selecting and recruiting personnel, determining training to be offered and encouraging continued education in certain subjects. Development and implementation of EMS procedures It is recommended by ISO 14000 and required by ISO 14001 that organizations establish and maintain procedures to identify, have access to and understand all level and other requirements to which it subscribes, directly applicable to the environmental aspects of tis products, services and activities. Simply ISO 14000 formalizes the development and implementation of corporate policies and procedures for environmental management and auditing practices to ensure conformity. Implicit in the ISO 14000 exercise is that voluntary disclosure and compliance will become and competitive advantage. Once senior management is committed to implementing an ISO 14001 Georgian, the project planning begins. This planning included scheduling budgeting , assigning personnel responsibilities and resources, and if required, retaining specialized external assistance . Cost is always a priority for companies. When contemplating whether or not to important an ISO 14000 EMS, companies should consider. Prevention costs and benefits for EMS development Lower insurance rates and reduced liability Preferred borrowing opportunities from lending institutions The US EPA predicts that pollution control costs will double by the year 2000 Currently US companies spend environmental management 2% of sales revenue on

It is estimated that 20% of corporate capital investments are targeted for environmental projects costs are especially critical to smaller sized companies.

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To manage effectively and control you, influence on the environment, work processes need to be performed according to approved, pre palnned procedures. When work is supervised directly or is within the skill of the craft and of no imminent safety concern, step by- step procedure amylase unnecessary. But such activities should be identified in the plan of action. The entire organization wide management system should be described on a pan on normal and should be supported by applicable plans or similar documents for work activities. Controlling the environmental Management System Implementation of the environmental management system is through operational procedures and controls consistent with the organizations policies objectives and targets. The various functions of an organization that contribute to significant environmental impacts need to be considered when developing procedures or controls.

Information

Records

Review

Audit

Design and engineering Purchasing and contractors Raw materials storage Production process Laboratories Final product storage Transport

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Product disposal Customer service Marketing and advertising

According to ISO 14000, the activities of any organization can be divided into there categories. 1. Activities to prevent pollution and conserve resources. These activities apply to new capital projects, process charges, property management new products, and packaging 2. Daily management activities. Management assures conformance to internal and external requirements. Management also attempts to increase efficiency and to continuously improve performance 3. Strategically management activities. It is managements responsibility to anticipated and respond to changes in environmental requirements. Management also attempts to increase efficiency and to continuously improve performance. 4. Strategic management activities. It is management responsibility to anticipate and respond to changes in environmental requirements. Statistical techniques may be appropriate, according to ISO 14000 to establish, control or verify process capability and product characteristics. Maintaining Information and Record Records are evidence of ongoing system operation. As a minimum, ISO 14000 recommends that the following type of information to be generated, used and retained: Legislative and regulatory requirements Permits and authorizations Environmental aspects and impacts Environmental audits and reviews Product identification and composition

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Property data Monitoring data Nonconformance details Incident data Complaints and following details Environmental training activities Supplier and contractor information Inspection and calibration data Maintenance activities

Effective management of records is one of the keys to successful implementation of an environmental management system. Information management involves nine basic features. Identification Collection Indexing Filing Storage Maintenance Retrieval Retention Disposition

Record management also involves indexing and control of access to prevent un authorized changes to records, according to ISO 14000. They should be readily retrievable and stored in a suitable environment to prevent damage, deterioration or loss. For example, locked and freeproof cabinets are required for records in the nuclear industry. Whether the organization keeps the records or its suppliers is up to the organizing through contractual agreements. The information generated during work results in records. From the records, the work activities that resulted in the information can be recreated. Effective handling of information and records improves organizations operations and assures quality control.

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Measurement, Monitoring and Auditing of EMS The environmental management system needs elements for measuring and monitoring actual performance and effectiveness. Then the results should be analysed to identify needs for preventive on corrective action for improvement. There need to be processes that ensures the reliability of collected data such as instrument and last equipment calibration, software quality assurance, and hardware sampling. It should be on ongoing process of the organization to identify appropriate environmental performance indicators that are objective, verifiable and reproducible. Indicators need to be relevant to the activities they are used to measure or monitor, as well as being practical., cost effective and technologically viable. Organizations, according to ISO 14001, must establish and maintain a procedure for periodically evaluating compliance with relevant environmental legislation and regulations as part of the monitoring programme. Periodic audits of the system need to be conducted to determine conformance to requirements and agreements. The frequency of audits will be guided by the results of previous evaluations and the significance of potential environmental impacts. Audits may be performed by internal personnel or selected external parties as long as the auditors are properly trained and can perform objectively and impartially. Audits results need to be reported to those individuals within and outside the organization who are responsible for responding to adverse findings or are obligated by regulation or requirement to review the reports. The environmental management specification, ISO 14001, defines an audit as a Systematic and documented verification process to objectively obtain and evaluate evidence to determine whether an organizations environmental management System conforms to the audit criteria set by the organization, and to communicate the results of this process to management. Management needs to review the system at appropriate intervals to ensure its continuing suitability effectiveness. Its review should be

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broad in scope, yet in depth enough to address all environmental dimensions of operations, the impact of operations on financial performance, and the impact of operations on the competitive position of the organization. A number of sources of information reviews need top be considered in the

Environmental objectives, targets and performance Audit findings Evaluations of policy and effectiveness Changes in legislation Changes in expectations or requirements Organizational or operational changes New technologies Lessons learned Market preferences

Reviews need to go beyond just compliance with policy. Reports resulting from EMS reviews need to make it dear why they were conducted. Any findings, conclusions or recommendations reached need to be documented senior management must respond to the identification of any significant adverse condition. It must take the necessary corrective or preventive action.

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Handling Communications According to ISO 14000, communication includes establishing processes and plans to report internally and externally on environmental activities of the organization for the following reasons; to demonstrate management commitment to the environment to deal with concerns and questions about environmental issues. To raise awareness of environmental polices, objectives targets, and programs. To inform interested parties about the organizations environmental management system and environmental performance.

Information to be communicated includes results of monitoring system performance, audits and management reviews. Appropriate information should also be provided to employees to motivate them and to external interested parties to encourage public understanding and acceptance of the organizations efforts to improve environmental performance. An organization can communicate environmental information in a variety of way, according to ISO 14000. Extremely thorough Annual reports Regulatory submittals Public records Industry association publications Media Paid advertising Open house Published telephone/FAX numbers for complaints/questions Internally through Bulletin board postings

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Newsletters Meetings Electronics mail messages (E-mail)

Two-way communication, internally and externally, is encouraged by ISO 14000. Any information communicated needs to be understandable and adequately explained. Information should be consistent, and verifiable, and should present an accurate picture of environmental performance. Practice Sustainable Development Continual improvement as an ongoing process is embodied in the environmental management system. The environmental performance of the organization needs to be looked at and evaluated continuously to recognize and assure improvements ae sough and implemented. ISO 14000 recommends that the continual improvement process should: Identify areas of opportunity for improvement Determine the root cause of significant deficiencies, Correct the root cause and prevent its recurrence Verify effectiveness of action taken. Document changes resulting from process improvements and Compare performance against objectives and targets.

ISO gives guidelines on conducting reviews, evaluating effectiveness of corrective are preventive actions, and seeking continual improvement. They are issues to be considered in developing the environmental management system, according to ISO 14000, but should also serve well after the system is up and running. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The ISO 140001 registration requires evidence of its implementation by the organization which also includes: procedures to maintain compliance to applicable lows, commitment to continual improvement and commitment to prevention of pollution. Whether a company decides to seek thrid party registration or certification to ISO 14001

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will be dependent on the objectives of the company has in conforming to ISO 14001, as well as the market and public context in which the company operator. ISO 14001 requires an environmental Policy to be in existence within the organization, fully supported by senior management, and outlining the policies of the company, not only to the staff but to public. The policy needs to clarify compliance with Environmental Legislation that may effect the organization and stress a commitment to continuous improvement. Emphasis has been placed on policy as this provides the direction for the remainder of the Management System. Those companies who have witnessed ISO 90000 Assessments will know that the policy is frequently discussed during the assessment, many staff are asked if they understand or are aware of the policy, and nay problems associated with the policy are seldom serious. The Environmental Policy is different, this provides the initial foundation and direction for the Management System and will be more stringently reviewed than a similar ISO 9000 policy. The statement must be published in non-technical language so that it can be understood by the majority of readers. It should relate to the sites within the organization encompassed by the Management System, it should provide an overview of the companys activities on the site and a description of those activities. A clear picture of the companys operations. The preparatory review and definition of the organizations environmental effects is not part of a ISO 14001 Assessment, however examination of this data will provide an external audit with a wealth of information on the methods adopted by the company. The preparatory review itself should be comprehensive in consideration of input processes and output at the site. This review should be designed to identify all relevant environmental aspects that may arise from existence on the site. These may relate to current operations, they may relate to future, perhaps even unplanned future actives, and they will certainly relate to the activities performed on site in the past (i.e. contamination of land). The initial or preparatory review will also include a wide ranging consideration of the legislation which may effect the site, whether it is currently being complied with , and perhaps even whether copies of the legislation are available. Many of the environmental assessments undertaken already have highlighted that companies are often unaware of ALL of the legislation that affects them, and being unaware, are often not meeting the requirements of that legislation.
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The company will declare its primary environmental objectives, those that can have most environmental impact. In order to gain most benefit these will become the primary areas of consideration within the improvement process , and the companys environmental program. The EMS establishes procedures, work instructions and controls to ensure that implementation of the policy and achievement of the targets can become a reality. Communication is a vital factor, enabling people in the organization to be aware of their responsibilities, aware of the objectives of the scheme, and able to contribute to its success. As with ISO 9000 the Environmental Management System requires a planned comprehensive periodic audit of the Environmental Management System to ensure that it is effective in operation, is meeting specified goals, and the system continues to perform in accordance with relevant regulation and standards. The audits are designed to provide additional information in order to exercise effective management of the system, providing information on practices which differ to the current procedures or offer an opportunity for improvement. In addition to audit, there is a requirement for Management Review of the system to ensure that it is suitable (for the organization and the objectives) and effective in operation. The management review is the ideal forum to make decisions on how to improve for the future.

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Appendix A gives the list of 80 Indian companies that have till now, received ISO 14000 certification The following results come into fore:

INDUSTRY WISE BREAK UP

Industrial Goods 20.55%

Chemical Products 13.78% Engineering 18.80%

Others 33.08%

Petroleum 13.78%

PUBLIC US PRIVATE SECTORS BERKLEY

Private

73.75

Public

26.25

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

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STATE WISE BREAK UP

Maharastra 3.23%

Orissa 17.74%

Others 54.84%

Madhya Pradesh 9.68% Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 6.45% 8.06%

REGION WISE BREAK UP

North 9% South 23% West 45%

East 23%

West (Including Maharastra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, 46.25%) East (Including West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Assam , 22.5%) South ( Including Tamil Nadu, AP, Karnataka) North (Including New Delhi, UP, HP, Haryana 8.75%)

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It is pretty evident from the above graphics that as against consumers goods, its the industrial and manufacturing sectors that have a greater chunk of companies complying to ISO 14000. This pimples that as yet in India ISO 14001 is not being forced by the consumers. Either there are few green consumers or they dont as get have a market influence on the market so as to force the companies to adhere to ISO 14001 principles as a means of gaining competitive advantage. The fact that more of engineering and industrial sector companies to are ISO 14001 certified implies that its only the year of environmental legislations that is driving the industries toward environmental protection, not as the means of innovation and competitiveness. The role of the state in encouraging environment favourable practees is also made evident. Their own contribution to it so low as compared to the private sector that it can hardly be called a role model for others to evaluate. Its only when the infrastructure sector takes the lead in implementing EMS, would it succeed in India. The fact that quite a few private sector companies are ISO 14001 certified most of them in highly competitive sector (in direct competition with MNCs) goes to show that the demand for ISO 140000 standards is market - driven. As is expected, its mainly the industrial zones that can boast of an assay of companies with the said certification. Even then, the graph is quite skewed towards. The South and the West region. Even though, Delhi and its nearby areas have quite a few industrial and manufacturing set-ups yet there seems hardly on eye for environment. Northern India is yet to open its shutter for environmental protection. No wonder Delhi is one of the worlds most polluted cities. IS ISO 14000 WORTH IT? The crun of 14000 is the set of standards occurring EMS dubbed 14001. I t describes a systems that include an environmental policy, objectives and targets as well as programme for implementation, monitoring and measurement, and corrective action. To ISO, an EMS starts with a company environmental policy that reflects managements commitment to compliance with applicable laws and to continual improvement. Since the EMS is a standard strictly for management and not for outcomes, performance goals are not part of the package. For this reason alone, ISO 14000 EMS are suitable for some and meaningless for other. For each orgnaisation, the decision of implementing ISO 14000 EMS or not is a judgement ad once , based on both internal and

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external company factors. For each company believe that ISO 14000 has its own plus and minus points. THE PLUS FACTORS ISO 14000 establishes internationally recognized standards that will diminish barriers to trade and make it easier to do business across borders, both for importing and exporting companies and for multinationals that operte worldwide. Agreements on formal standardization are making life easier for buyers and sellers (of goods and services) around the world. Environmental credibility is also becoming a factors in national and international competitiveness implementation of ISO 14001 and subsequent certification can facilitate progress towards increased competitiveness through measurment and innovation, leading to increased profit, more efficient processes, reduced costs and a more credible image. Environmental problems cause a lack of control over business operations. An EMS can give even managers who are not particularly motivated by environmental issues more control over the destinies of their enterprises. Such systems are useful because they help organizations comply with complex (and even ambiguous) rules, ensure that companies are protected against legal liabilities. One of the major reasons why some companies are not very innovative about environment ad problems is ignorance, ISO 14001 helps the implementing organization to put in place appropriate monitoring and measurement procedures to measure the direct and indirect environmental impacts., For example , how many organizations know exactly how many waste streams they have and, thee fore how are they able to identify potential areas for improvement. Implementation of an EMS can provide strategic value to business in its management of change in the direction of the supply side it would million the development of a system approach for checking to see if certain supplies with be available in the onces term and the long term . Many companies wee for example caught out by the phase our of come delpleters. An EMS an certain situations will get the organization to understand the regulatory framework governing their strategic suppliers.

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With increasing public awareness of environmental issues, it is becoming more likely that environmental credentials will play a port in customers loyalty. For example, environmental aspects are now commonly being incorporated in labelling and packaging of many mainstream products. Although ISO 14001 can not be used to imply that any particular product is environmentally friendly, the fact that the manufactures or service provides is consciously trying to reduce its impact on the environment may persuade customers to buy from the supplies rather than one which does not demonstrate any sort of environmental policy. The implementation of on EMS in an organization which has net providing India record of caring for the environment, was after lead to improved employee morale and motivation. The public in recent times has demonstrated an increased awareness of environmental issues and more people are taking more are of environment recognising the damage that is being caused and stored up for future generations of they do not try to reduce environmental impact. Apart from the feel good factor a real competitive benefit of such increased employee motivation can be suggestions for improvements and cost savings. Increasing resource to standardization implies that the relationship between suppliers and consumers is characterised by a certain level of trust in the quality of the product or service. This trust, among other things, can be based on certification, which assesses the conformity of the goods, the service or the organization to specific standards. How an industry responds to the environmental challenge may in future, be a leading indicator of it overall competitiveness. Certification ISO 14001 could be a key factors. THE MINUS FACTORS ISO 14000 standards set guidelines for appropriate environment management for the organizations. They set rules for proper management and are not performance based. Therefore, even if a company acquired ISO 14001 certification, there is no guarantee of its out put since the market is directly concerned with the firms output few appreciate environment friendly procedures with no apparent efficient output. The standards call for no public disclosure and their requirement for self-audits fall short of a periodic environmental compliance audit. According to ISO documents, the EMS audits serve only to determines whether the system conforms to planned arrangement and has been

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properly implemented and maintained rather than to check against all regulatory requirements. Which, evidently, leads to another loophole A company once certified for ISO 14001 may after sometime prove itself unworthy of it. However, till now ethers no legislation which instructs. The auditor to take back the certificate in case of non-compliance. This implies that once a company is issued on ISO 14001 certificate, there are no further checks/ audits to ensure its continuous conformances to the same. Companies have the option of self declaring to customers and regulators that they meet the ISO 14000 standards or they may have a third party audit and certify them Regulators and environmental groups have their doubts bout the trust worthiness of those third party consultants. Also, the criteria that certifies must meet is yet to be established. Any number of third party auditor also lead to the unhealthy consistency problem. The decision of certification is subjective one, a judgmental decision based on the certifies more than the organization in question. The 14001 EMS model takes a holistic approach that can form the basis for demonstrating environmental excellence and remove a company from the much despired command and control system of regulation. However, without any command and control system there are hadly any takers of EMS, especially in a coutnry like India. What comes to the fore is the cost of implementing the EMS and the massive charge in the organizational setup, both serving as disincentives for implementation of EMS by the organizations. In the light of above discussion, EMS for on organization seems well to be becoming a way of life in the competitive market. The negative factors mentioned are not the minus for an EMS they simply reflect. The lack in implementation procedures. The EMS must be integrated with the organizations other activities of its is seen as a separate program, it will be difficult or impossible to maintain. The objective, targets procedures and systems must be a part of the routine operations related to the on going activities of the organization.

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THE WAY FORWARD

INTRODUCTION With environmental issues taking firm ground even in India , we are fast moung to the world of Environmental Marketing. Moving from legislations to environmental marketing is he voluntary release of environmental information concerning a product or services. The release of the information is by the organization that is producing the product or services. Usually only specific types of environmental information is released and it is commonly done in the form of labels, product literature advertisements and other form of marketing. Environmental labeling is defined in ISO 14020 as a claim indicating the environmental attributes of a product or service that may take the form of statements graphics on product or package labels, product literature, technical bulletins, advertising publicity, etc. The entire environmental field is in its infancy. Because of this, there are almost unlimited opportunities to improve most aspects, including environmental marketing. This chapter explores some of the possible future approaches to environmental marketing. The current environmental marketing technique, including labelling are not particularly effective. For examples, most consumers do not look for environmental labels and, even if they notice them, they usually do not appreciate the information they relay. Changes are needed in the future to improve consumer awareness and understanding. This chapter presents a few possibilities of where environmental marketing may be headed in the near future. Already is US and Europe, They are yet to make a headway in India. Environmental Safety Data Sheet Material Safety Data Sectors (MSDS) are currently used to relay information that concentrates on health and safety. The sheets are available for most products that contain chemicals or create a health and safety impact. The typical MSDS has sections that deal with product identification hazard identification, manufacture information, ingredients, safe handling information and spill cleanup and disposal information. As is obvious from these sections, there is presently some environmental information provided, but it is limited. A separate Environmental Safety Data Sheet (ESDS) could be prepared, or a page of environmental information could be added to the present
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MSDS for products. Not only would this be a good from of environmental marketing, but it would also provide essential information for the customer in terms of minimizing the products impart on the environment.. Video Many busy consumers are buried in mountains of paper every day. Junk mail, memos and reports at work and numerous other things to read make some individuals feel overwhelmed. A normal response for some is to seek out other forms of communication. Some product and service providers already do limited marketing via videocassette. For exmaple, some hazardous waste treatment service vendors in Europe provide a videocassette to prospective customers. The cassettes present the entire service with some mention of the environmental aspects. More environmental marketing information could be presented via videocassette. This would appeal to those consumers who do not like to spend all their time reading. Actual filming of an operating air emission stack or discharge pipe would be one way to quickly communicate some environmental aspects of the manufactures operation associated with producing the product or service.. Many consumers would watch such a video, especially if the environmental aspects were combined with other product information such as function, cost, quality and delivery. Computer Networks It may be possible in the future to obtain environmental information about a product or service by logging onto a computer network such as the Internet or the World Wide Web. This same network may also be providing other product or service information such as function, quality cost and delivery. This particular option has, in the authors opinion great future potential. This is due to the fact that many consumers are relying on their computers more and more each day. Soon a person will be able to easily find out information about most products and order most products via computer. When this becomes more of a reality, it would be important for the manufacturer to make sure that environmental information is included in the system so that customers will be aware of the environmental impacts before they select the product.

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Self Environmental Marketing Shelf or aisle marketing would utilize sign, posters or other attention getting methods to help direct the consume to certain products on the shelf. Placement on the shelf, perhaps at eye level, is also a key element of shelf marketing . Many store brands are promoted in this way. Presently there is very little shelf environmental marketing done however, it may increase in the near future. If it is done carefully, accurately and in compliance with the applicable laws and standards, shelf marketing could bring to the attention of the consumer certain products in that area of the store which are better for the environment and cause him or her go look for and read the environmental labels on the products. For environmental shelf marketing to be effective it should be designed to be dramatic in nature. Even if it is dramatic it needs to be done accurately, truthfully and in compliance with the laws and standards. Quite evidently, ISO 14000 standards has more to offer than just mere avoidance of environmental litigations.

CONCLUSION
The general belief is that ISO 14000 will fit more easily and rapidly into the international community than in this country., The main reason is that the European and other international communities already operate on the voluntary standards concept. Even in US performance standards and public scruting and discretion are very influential; companies will incorporate voluntary/ programs to avoid any negative perception in the eyes of the public. India, on the other hand, has always depended on command and control method. Also, the Indian ethic has for a long time, been that of minimal efforts for compliance purpose only. The concept of voluntary public disclosure of environmental performance records was relatively unheard of in this country until recently, although thesis a basic theme of ISO and other similar standards. It must be remembered that ISO 14000 is not another regulatory package. It is more a standardized approach to develop processes which, among other benefits, assists with compliance. In India, it fits in

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by providing a tool to exist in complying with the existing regulatory framework. Additionally, it is even possible that ISO 14000 compliance be accepted as a standard norm for trading purposes. With regards to the future, it is highly probable that ISO 14000 will develop and grow in much the same way as ISO 9000 has developed and continues to grow when ISO 9000 was initially released several major corporations embraced the standard because it made the job of standardizing activities in global marketplace easier. Other industries followed and ISO 90000 standard was incorporated into the very network of the Indian economy. Now more and more companies are passing the requirements through to their suppliers. Based on the trend towards international standards and the emphasis the international community has placed on environmental matters it appears that ISO 14000 will not only follow the pat h of ISO 9000 but that it will do so more rapidly. However, ti si important to remember that ISO 14000 is not an add on program. Nor is it about environmentalism or being gre. An effective EMS is the consistent and systematic control of procedures operations, products or services which can have significant impact on the environment. If is obviously concerned with environmental performance but what it is about is effective corporate measurement. Environmental Management the mantra of the millennium.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
ISO 14000 Standards - ISO publications ISO 14000 sets environmental - Laura Cooper Standards. ISO 14000 : Privatizing environmental - James M. Self Regulation. So what is ISO 14000 Anyway? - TedMIller and Ed Pincro ISO 14000 : The World Adopts Environmental Standards Richard loates ISO 14000 International Environmental Management Standards May C.Mckiel. Inside ISO 14000 Dopn Sayre Iso 1400 Standards John Kinsella. Eco. Labeling and ISO 14000 Kyle W. Lathrop and Terence J. Sentres. Environmental Marketing - Edward Spayn Is ISO 14000 worth it? Ronald Beg Ley The ISO 14000 Handboom (EEM Information Services, Virgina) ISO 14000 A guide to the new environmental management standards - Tibor T ISO 1400 : Harmonizing environmental standards and certification procedures worldwide. Mullett G. Is ISO 14001 as important element in business survival Internet Sites Visited Sally L. Goodman INTERNET SITES VISITED

www.isostandard.com
www.informintt.com/managers links.mtml www.iiodl.iisd.ca/business/incocnept/ntnal

www. Interntionalstandards.com
www.tc207.org/gags/gags-main .ntnal www.dep statep.a. us/dep/deputat/pollpen/ISO14001 ntnl www.cccm.com/fag/ntnl www.quality.co.uk/is014000/ntnl www.amcity.com www.enviroserve.com

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www.iso14000.net.

CONTENTS
Introduction Environment Management Standards Introduction History of Development The Need for Standards Key Principles for Successful EMS Key Elements for Successful EMS ISO 14000 : Essential Fundamentals Introductin What .. When .. Why .. Who .. How .. ISO 14000 : Indian Issues Introduction Principal Issues Implementation Issues Industry Analysis Is ISO 14000 Worth It? The Way Forward Introduction Examples Conclusion Appendix Bibliography 48 49 50 46 22 6 1 2

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