CC606-HYROLOGY

CHAP 5- FLOOD ROUTING

FLOOD ROUTING
Evaluating the risk of flood requires hydrologic studies. - Risk evaluation under current landuse - Prediction of the impact of landuse change

DEFINITION FLOOD ROUTING IS THE PROCESS DETERMINING THE TIMING AND SHAPE OF A FLOOD WAVE.
In reservoir It is done by accounting for the storage available in the reservoir

In channel The flood were observed at successive points along the river .

Reservoir and channel are the two types of routing that will be considered

STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION OF FLOODWATER IN CHANNEL

Floodwater moves downstream along a channel. Flood occurs when the channel storage capacity is exceeded.

FLOOD PREDICTION
Important considerations. (a) Volume of storm runoff (b) Peak flood discharge (c) Flood height (d) Time distribution of storm hydrograph (e) Area of inundation (f) Velocity of flow across the valley bottom Practical procedures.

STREAM ROUTING USING MUSKINGUM METHOD

STEP 1 The Muskingum and the Lag and K routing techniques estimate storage within a channel by using a series of containers shaped as prisms and wedges.

MUSKINGUM METHOD
STEP 2 The prism part of the channel storage is a regularly shaped volume where inflow and outflow are equal for a particular reach.

MUSKINGUM METHOD STEP 3 The wedge storage represents the positive or negative storage occurring during the passing of a flood wave.

MUSKINGUM

STEP 3 A reach has increased wedge (or positive) storage because it is on the rising limb (or curve) of the hydrograph. The upstream reach contains the peak of the flood wave.

MUSKINGUM STEP 4 On the receding side of the flood wave the reach storage decreases as indicated by the negative wedge storage. The outflow is greater than the inflow.

MUSKINGUM

Assume that storage can be approximated as; S = K[xI + (1 - x)O]

K [s] is a constant k is travel time through the reach .

x is a weighting factor represents the degree of attenuation (FLOOD WAVE SPREAD OUT ) Weighting factor for volume distribution between wedge and prism = x x = 0. This is the case of a reservoir x = 0.5. In this case, S = K(I/2 + O/2) X =0.1 < x < 0.3 most river channels

EXAMPLE 1

The Muskingum parameters for the channel AB are K = 60 minutes and X = 0.12. The subarea characteristics are tabulated below. Determine the total runoff hydrograph at the watershed outlet that would result from the rainfall tabulated below.

watershed is comprised of two subareas as shown in the figure below. Point A is the lowest point in subarea 1, and the runoff from this subarea flows to point A. Runoff from subarea 2 flows to point B, which is the lowest point in subarea 2 as well as the whole watershed. In other words point B is the watershed outlet. The runoff reaching point A from subarea 1 flows through the channel AB to reach the watershed outlet, B.

Inflow cfs

Use the Muskingum method. First calculate the weighting coefficients by using X = 0.12, K = 1 hour, t = 0.5 hr, and

The coefficients are obtained as C0 = 0.115, C1 = 0.327, and C2 = 0.558. Then perform the routing by using

THE RESULTS ARE TABULATED BELOW

max outflow =374cfs

Inflow (m3/s)

EXERCISE 1

0 6 12 18

31

50
86 123 145

Given s runoff hydrograph for a stream with a K value = 1.5 days and x = 0.25. Calculate the stream by Using Muskingham Method and create outflow hydrograph, assume that the starting outflow as 31m3/s

24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84

150
144 128 113

95
79 65 55

46
40 35 31

90 96

102

27