Updated: July 2009

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EEET-2310 Radar System Assignment 1

You are required to design an airborne early warning Radar System. The Radar is to be a
pulse doppler radar with the following specifications :
Operating Frequency = 3 GHz
Range = 100 Km
Range Resolution = 1 Km (i.e. targets 1 Km apart can be separately detected)
Receiver Noise Figure = 3 dB
Received S/N = 6 dB (based on the average transmitter power)
Transmit and Receive antenna Gain = 40 dBi
Minimum detectable Radar Cross Section = 5 m
2


Questions :

1. Calculate the maximum pulse repetition frequency that will give unambiguous range of 100
Km. Also calculate the associated pulse repetition period.

First, we calculate the pulse repetition frequency (f
pr
) :
R
un
=
C
2
p

1u
5
=
S 1u
8
2
p

p
=
S 1u
8
2 1u
5

pr
= 15 Hz = 1. 5 KHz

Now we can calculate the period for the pulse repetition :

I
p
=
1

p
=
1
1Suu


T
pr
= . 7 1
-4
Secund = 7 S

2. Calculate the maximum pulse width that can be used.

R =
C
2


=
2 R
C
=
2 1u
3
S 1u
8


z = . 7 1
-
Secund = . 7 S

3. What is the minimum power allowed at the receiver (in dBm) ?

i. First we need calculate the Bandwidth (B) :

B
1
pulsc wiJt

B
1
6.67 1u
-6
15 Hz 15 KHz


ii. Now we can calculate the Minimum Power (S
min
) :

S
mn
|JBm] = 1u log
1 0
(k I B 1u
3
) + NF +S N

S
mn
|JBm] = 1u log
1 0
(1.S8 1u
-23
29u 1Su,uuu 1u
3
) + S +6

S
mn
|JBm] = (122.22) + 9

S
m|n
= 113 . 2 2 dBm = 143 . 2 2 dBW



4. What is the required average transmitter power (in dBm) ?

0 = 4u JBi = 1u
4
|uto]


S
mn
= 11S.22 JBm = 4.76 1u
-1 2
mw

z =
C

=
S 1u
8
S 1u
9
= u.1 m

o = S m
2


R
4
= _
P
t
0
2
z
2
o
(4n)
3
S
mn
_

P
t
=
(4n)
3
S
mn
R
4
0
2
z
2
o


P
t
=
(4n)
3
4.76 1u
-1 2
(1u
5
)
4
(1u
4
)
2
(u.1)
2
S


P
t
=
9.446 1u
1 1
S 1u
6


P
t
= 18 8 , 9 15 mW = 52 . 7 dBm


5. What is the pulse duty ratio of the radar?

Pulsc Juty Rotio =
Pulsc Jurotion
pulsc pcrioJ
1uu%

Pu|xe duty Rat|u =
6.67 1u
-6
6.67 1u
-4
1uu% = 1 %

6. What is the required peak pulse transmitted power (in KW) assuming the maximum pulse
width and maximum pulse repetition frequency are used?

P
t
(Ag)
= P
pcuk
Pulsc Juty Rotio

P
pcuk
=
P
t
(Ag)
Pulsc Juty Rotio


P
pcuk
=
188,91S
u.u1


P
peak
= 18 , 8 9 1, 5 mW = 18 . 8 9 15 kW


7. Explain how Doppler Shift can be used to differentiate moving targets from clutter.

Doppler Shift is the changes in frequency echo by a moving target. Basically, a potential
target for the radar to detect is moving in a constant speed. In most cases the target even
moving in a high velocity. With a high and constant speed, the target will renounce a high
Doppler shift as well. We can utilize this effect by designing a Radar to omit the echoes that
produced by stationary objects or just ignoring a slow movement object and only showing the
real target by observing their corelated Doppler shift.


8. Propose two changes to the system specifications that could be used to reduce the required
peak pulse transmitter power.
There are some changes that can be made to the system specification to reduce the
required peak pulse transmitted power. From formula in Q6, we can reduce P
pcuk
by
reducing P
t(ug)
or by increasing Pulse Duty Ratio.
To reduce P
t(ug)
we can reduce the distance of the target (R), reduce the operating
frequency or by increasing gain of the antenna (G), and by increasing the Radar Cross Section
(RCS).
We can also reduce P
pcuk
by reducing the minimum power allowed at the receiver
(S
mn
). Reducing S
mn
can be done by reducing the noise figure or reducing S/N