Chapter 7

Stair Case

Stair Case 7.1 Introduction:

Staircase is an inclined structural system for movement from one level to another. Since it is stepped, it is called staircase. Stairs are constructed to provide access to the different floor levels, within buildings. They consist of a number of steps arranged in series. Most of stairs are designed as supported one-way slabs. Definitions: 1. Going (G): The horizontal distance of the upper surface of a step. 2. Rise (R): The vertical distance between horizontal of two consecutive Steps. 3. Waist (h): The least thickness of the stairs slab. 4. Landing: The horizontal platform which is usually provided at the beginning and the end of series of steps. 5. Flight: Comprised of a number of steps provided between two consecutive landing.

Chapter 7

Figure (7-1): particulars of stairs

For the purpose of analysis and design, stairs may classify in two groups: 1) Stairs spanning transversely characterize by: a) Stairs simply supported at each side by a wall or beam. b) Stairs cantilevering from a wall or beam at one side only. c) Stairs cantilevering across a central sloping beam. 2) Stairs Spanning Longitudinally: Supported at the top and bottom of the flight and are unsupported along the sides.

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Figure (7.2), which shows four common supporting systems of typical staircase involving two flights, the supporting elements may be : 1) Beams provided at the top and bottom of the actual stairs As shown in Fig.(7.2.a), Naturally these beams must be supported in some manner. 2) Beams or walls provided at both outside edges of the landings As shown in Fig.(7.2.b), A beam is usually available at the edge of the floor landing, but a special beam or wall has to be provided at the edge of the intermediate landing. 3) Landing slabs which span transversely and are supported by beams or walls at their outsider edges As shown in Fig.(7.2.c), Normally, beams are available at the two edges of the floor landing, but special provision has to be provided at edge of the intermediate landing. 4) A combination of a beam, or a wall, at one edge and transversely supported slab the other edge As shown in Fig. (7.2.d)

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Figure (7-2): Common supporting systems of longitudinally supported stairs

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7.2 Types of stairs:

There are several types of stairs, which depend mainly on the function of the building; the most common types are as follows: 1- Single flight stairs: the structural behavior of a flight of stairs is similar to that of a one-way slab supported at both end. 2- Double flight stairs: it is more convenient in most buildings build the staircase in double flight between floors. The types commonly used are quarter-turn, and closed or open-well stairs. 3- Three or more flight of stairs: in some cases, where the over all dimension of the staircase are limited, three of four flights may be adopted. Each flight will be treated separately, as in the case of double-flight staircase. 4- Cantilever stairs: it used mostly in fire-escape stairs, and they are supported by concrete walls or beam.

The stair steps may be of the full-flight type, projecting from one side of the wall, the half-flight type projecting from both sides of supporting walls, or of the semispiral type. In this type of stairs, each step acts as cantilever, and the main reinforcement is placed in the tension side of the run and the bars are anchored within the concrete wall. Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is provided in the transverse direction. For the structural analysis of the stairs each flight is treated as a single flight and is considered supported on two or more beams, the landing extends in transverse direction between two supports and is design as one way slab. In the case of open-well stairs, the middle part of the landing carries a full load, whereas the two ends parts carry half-loading only. The other half-loading is carried in longitudinal direction by the stairs flight. The figure below shows the types of stairs:

Single flight stair case

Quarter turn stair case

Open stair case Quarter landing

Two flight stair case

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Open stair case half landing

Multiple flight stair case

Figure (7-3): common types of stairs 7.3 Staircase design example:

Assume: G = 250 mm R = 130 mm

Span length = Inclined length per step = Slab thickness = use h= 20 cm = 18.12 cm

Load Calculations :
1. For waist:

Self-weight= Step weight = 250.50.13= 1.63 KN/m2 Finishing = 1 KN/m2 Total dead load = 5.64 + 1.63 + 1 = 8.27 KN/m2

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2. On Landing: h self-weight Finishing = 1 KN/m2 Total dead load = 5 +1 = 6 KN/m2 Live load = 5 KN/m2 Ultimate load: Wu= 1.2WD + 1.6WL For waist: Wu = 1.2 (8.27) + 1.6 (5) = 17.92 KN/m. For landing: Wu = 1.2 (6) + 1.6 (5) = 15.2 KN/m. KN/m2

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1. Design for flexure :

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Mu = 63.36 KN.m

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) ( )

a=

Use 16mm Spacing = Use 16@150mm .

Temperature steel: As =

Use Use

Design for Shear :

Vmax. = 44.75KN Vu = 41.92KN

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Stair Case 2. Landing Design:

Wu= 15.2 KN/m2 Reaction = 44.75 KN

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) ( )

a=

Use 16mm Spacing = Use 16@140mm . Temperature steel: As =

Use Use

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Design for Shear :

Vu = 87.21KN

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