Food borne Pathogenic Bacteria

Riyani Wikaningrum Bag. Mikrobiologi FK Universitas YARSI

The GIT defense mechanisms

Terminologies
Gastroenteritis
A syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort

Diarrhea
Abnormal fecal discharge characterized by frequent and/or fluid stool; usually resulting from disease of the small intestine and involving increased fluid and electrolyte loss

Dysentery
An inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract often associated with blood and pus in the feces and accompanied by symptoms of pain, fever, abdominal cramps; usually resulting from disease of the large intestine

Enterocolitis
Inflammation involving the mucosa of both the small and large intestine

Results of GIT Infections

Pharmacologic action of bacterial toxins, local or distant to site of infection
e.g. cholera, staphylococcal food poisoning

Local inflammation in response to superficial microbial invasion

e.g. shigellosis, amebiasis

Deep invasion to blood or lymphatics; dissemination to other body sites

e.g. Hepatitis A, enteric fevers

Perforation of mucosal epithelium after infection, surgery or accidental trauma

e.g. peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses

Pathogenic Bacteria
Salmonella spp. Clostridium botulinum Staphylococcus aureus Campylobacter jejuni Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Listeria monocytogenes Vibrio cholerae O1 Vibrio cholerae non-O1 Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrios Vibrio vulificus Clostridium perfringens Bacillus cereus Aeromonas hydrophila and other spp. Plesiomonas shigelloides Shigella sp. Miscellaneous enterics Streptococcus Clostridium difficile

GIT Infections

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile
Dapat ditemukan sebagai flora normal usus Penyebab pseudomembraneus colitis, diare akibat pemakaian antibiotik (AAD) Menghasilkan:
toxin yang bersifat sitopatik Enterotoxin

Diagnosis berdasarkan ditemukannya cytotoxin dalam feses.

C. difficile
o After antibiotic use o Intestinal normal flora greatly decreased o Colonization occurs o Enterotoxin secreted o Pseudomembanous colitis

Antibiotic-associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile. Sigmoidoscopic view showing multiple pseudomembranous lesions

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Pseudomembranous colitis (PC) results predominantly as a consequence of the elimination of normal intestinal flora through antibiotic therapy. Symptoms:
include abdominal pain watery diarrhea and leukocytosis "Pseudomembranes" consisting of fibrin, mucus and leukocytes endoscopy

Untreated pseudomembranous colitis fatal in about 27-44%.

Therapy
Discontinuation of initial antibiotic (e.g. ampicillin) Specific antibiotic therapy (e.g. vancomycin)