Plate 1 Results of PET studies using written words in lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks.

Red areas show activated regions. No region showed a signicant difference in activation between living and non-living things Source: Tyler and Moss, 2001, Figure 1, p.247

Plate 2 Results of fMRI study using pictures of living and non-living things in a semantic categorization task. The active brain regions are areas associated with non-living things (a), and with living things (b). No regions showed signicant differential activation for living and non-living things Source: Tyler and Moss, 2001, Figure 2

Plate 3 Typical stimuli used in Triesmans experiments. Find the odd item in each of the groups, (a), (b) and (c)

Plate 4 The Stroop effect. The task is, as quickly as possible, to name the colour in which each word is printed: do not read the words. Try the rst two columns to start with the task is not too difcult. Then try the second two columns. The conicting colour words are very disruptive

Plate 5 Brain activity associated with phonological processing. The second row shows brain activity for both phonological and control tasks combined; activity is shown for different horizontal slices through the brain taken at different points, and indexed by the numbers in the rst row. The third row shows increases in activity associated with phonological processing, reecting the difference between phonological and control tasks. In the fourth row, these areas of increased activity have been mapped onto the cortex of the brain Source: Paulescu et al., 1993, Figure 2, p.343

Plate 6 Amygdala activations in response to the processing of fearful faces (green squares) or learning about fear (red circles). The image on the left is a horizontal slice through the brain, with the eyes at the top end and the back of the head at the bottom. The image on the right is the same sort of slice, but taken higher up, more towards the top of the head. There is a tendency for the activation triggered by processing fearful faces to involve the left amygdala, whereas learning about fear seems to produce more bilateral activation Source: Calder et al., 2001, Figure 3, p.357

Plate 7 Insula and basal ganglia activations in response to disgust. The two images depict different slices through the brain. The insula activations are shown in purple and basal ganglia activations in red. The basal ganglia signals are mainly in the right hemisphere, whereas the insula signals are more evenly distributed across the two hemispheres Source: Calder et al., 2001, Figure 4, p.358

Standard Stroop task trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 etc. BLUE RED BROWN GREEN RED BROWN RED BLUE Incongruent condition compared with GREEN BROWN BLUE RED BROWN BLUE GREEN RED Congruent condition

Emotional Stroop task CANCER DANGER ATTACK TUMOUR HORROR DEATH REVENGE EVIL Emotion condition compared with HOUSE LAUGH ANIMAL MODERN PICTURE FATHER BEAUTY COOK Neutral condition

Task:Name the ink colour as fast as possible Standard result Incongruent slowed compared with congruent
condition (because word meaning interferes
with colour naming on incongruent trials).
Emotional result Anxious participants: emotion condition slowed compared with neutral condition. Non-anxious participants: no difference between emotion condition and neutral condition.

Plate 8 The standard and emotional Stroop

Plate 9 A schematic drawing of the human brain showing the thalamus and amygdala Source: Calder et al., 2001, Figure 1(a), p.353