INDIAN RUBBER INSTITUTE Karnataka Branch PAPER- I POLYMER SCIENCE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS YEAR 1996

(a) Select appropriate answers: i) Fischer Tropsch process refers to a) Stereo regular polymerization b) Conversion of methanol to formaldehyde c) Reaction between carbon monoxide and hydrogen d) Dehydrogenation of ehtylbenzene to styrene ii) Heptane is assigned an Octane number of 1. 100 b) 0 c) 42 d) none of these iii) If the repeat units are joined in a 3-dimensional array, the resulting polymer will be a) linear polymer b) branched polymer c) cross linked polymer d) none of the above iv) The ratio of Mw and Mn for most of the synthetic polymer is a) more than 1 b) less than 1 c) equal to 1 d) none of the above v) In polycondensation to prepare polyamides, the reaction takes place between a) carboxyl and hydroxyl group b) amino and hydroxyl group c) amino and carboxyl group d) none of the above vi) The relation between degree of polymerization, molecular weight of a polymer and molecular weight of monomer is given by Mn = DPn x m vii) The chain carrier in case of anionic polymerization are a) carbonium ions b) hydroxyl ions c) carbanions d) none of the above

viii) The Florys principal of equal reactivity states that--------------------ix) In suspension polymerization technique the initiator used are a) water soluble b) monomer soluble c) insoluble in either water or monomer d) soluble in both water and monomer x) Critical micelle concentration refers to a) concentration of surfactant at which there exists complete molecular dispersion b) a state of equilibrium between dissolved surfactant molecule and micelles c) concentration beyond which only micelle formation is possible d) none of the above 10x1=10 1. (b) State whether the following statements are True or False: i) In chain polymerization the normal mode of addition of the incoming monomer to the growing chain is always head to tail (T) ii) Atmospheric oxygen is a good inhibitor for polymerization (T) iii) Polymers produced by cationic polymerization technique is called living polymer (F) iv) Co-ordination polymerization is also known as insertion polymerization (T) v) Emulsion polymerization technique can be used to prepare high molecular weight polymers (T) vi) Diene rubbers are susceptible to oxidation (T) vii) The ration Mn /Mw = 1+P (F) viii) Glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer does not depend on flexibility of the chain segments (T) ix) Copolymer of isobutylene and acrylonitrile is called nitrile rubber (F) x) Ultracentrifuge method is used to determine weight average molecular weight (F) 10x1=10

PAPER - I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 1997

1. a) Multiple choice questions. Select the right answer i) Polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon are known as a) Glassy polymers b) Amorphous polymers c) Crystalline polymers d) None of these ii) Fibers have molar cohesion per 5 A chain length in the range a) less than 2 Kcal/gm. mole b) 4-10 Kcal/gm mole c) 2-5 Kcal/gm mole d) none of these iii) Azobisisobutyronitrile on thermal decomposition produces free radicals along with a) CO2 b) NO c) N2 d) None of these iv) Polymer produced by anionic polymerization is called a) Dead polymer b) Living polymer c) Ladder polymer d) None of these

v) Mw/Mn value for synthetic polymers obtained by co-ordination polymerization technique is a) between 2-3 b) greater than 10 c) between 8-10 d) none of these vi) Glass transition temperature of polyvinyl chloride is a) 1000C b) 800C c) +800C d) none of these vii) Expandable polystyrene beads are produced by a) bulk polymerization technique b) solution polymerization technique c) suspension polymerization technique d) none of these viii) Atactic polymers are a) high melting and highly soluble b) low melting and easily soluble c) high melting and less soluble d) none of these ix) Weight-average molecular weight of a polymer can be determined by a) Osmometry b) Viscometry c) Light scattering d) None of these x) Most important criteria of a polymer to form strong fiber is a) partially crystalline b) amorphous c) highly crystalline d) none of these 1x10=10

b) State whether the following statements are true or false i) Ionic polymerizations are generally carried out in presence of water (F) ii) Cationic polymerization is normally done at high temperature (T) iii) Heat is essential to initiate free radical polymerization (T) iv) Inhibitors are added for storage of monomers (T) v) Copolymers are physical mixture of two polymers (F) vi) Elastomer have Tg above room temperature (F) vii) Nylons do not have many common organic solvents (T) viii) Polyethylene can be dissolved only at higher temperature (T) ix) All crystalline polymers are stereo regular (T) x) Step growth polymers show very high molecular weight. (F)

1x10=10

PAPER- I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 1998

1. a) Give one example each of the following and write down chemical structure of the repeat unit in each case: i) ii) iii) iv) v) An amorphous polymer which is glassy at room temperature, but rubbery at 1450C - PC A crystalline polymer whose Tg is below room temperature PE (LDPE) An inorganic polymer which is useful as a rubber over a wide temperature range - PDMS A rubber which is a terpolymer- EPDM A rubber which is a block copolymer

b) State whether the following statements are true or false: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Ring-opening polymerization is a free radical reaction (F) The effect of high temperature is to increase the tensile property of rubber (F) Emulsion polymerization is nothing but a solution polymerization (F) Polymers are polydispersity materials (T) Bezoyl peroxide is normally used in ionic reactions (F)

c) Select the correct answer i) Block polymers are mostly produced through a) ionic polymerization b) condensation polymerization c) free radical polymerization

ii) A cross linked polymer is a) always flexible b) always rigid c) may be made flexible or rigid iii) A fiber forming polymer has a) very regular repeating units b) weak intermolecular forces c) amorphous structure iv) In step polymerization, each polymer formed can react further with a) monomers only b) polymers only c) both monomers and polymers present v) Tacticity in polymers is due to the presence of a) double bond in polymer backbone b) heterochain polymer backbone c) asymmetric carbon atom

PAPER- I- POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 1999

1. A. State whether the following statements are correct or wrong: i) High-pressure polymerization of ethylene gives high density polyethylene (X) ii) Free radical polymerization of propylene gives good yield of structural polypropylene (X) iii) Natural rubber is 1,4 Cis Polybutadiene () iv) Polybutadiene rubber has high resilience () v) Polymerization is accompanied by a decrease in the total number of molecules (X) vi) Polymers prepared from monomers with bifunctional groups always are branched in structure (X) vii) Monomers with polar groups always give rise to polar polymers () viii) Isotactic structures facilitate crystallinity in polymers () ix) A monomer can be converted to polymer through reactions that create new bonds () x) Trans configuration in polymers results in high elongation and low modulus (X) xi) Atactic polymers usually have higher melting point than syndiotactic polymers (X) xii) Branched polymers are held by primary bonds in one direction and through secondary bonds in other two directions (X) xiii) Bond energy of S-S bond is higher than that of C-C bond (X) xiv) Butyl rubber is produced by ionic polymerization () xv) Block copolymers are type of branched polymers (X) B. Select the correct term from the bracket i) (Cellulose, cellulose acetate, Polybutadiene) is a natural polymer ii) Rubbers are usually useful only after (cooling, heating, cross linking) iii) Degradation of addition polymers commonly takes place by a (step, chain) mechanism iv) Basic requirements of a fiber forming polymer is (low Tm, low Tg, high molecular symmetry/molar cohesion) v) Dissolution of polymer (precedes, follows) swelling (15x1)+(5x1)=20

PAPER1 POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 2000

1. (a) Multiple choice questions. Select the right answer(s) i) Living polymers formed by A. Cationic polymerization B. Anionic polymerization C. Polycondensation D. None of these ii) Number average molecular weight of a polymer can be determined by A. Viscometry B. End group analysis C. Osmometry D. Light scattering iii) For a Hookean material stress is directly proportional to A. Shear rate B. Strain C. Viscosity D. Strain rate iv) The chain carrier in case of cationic polymerization are A. Carbanions B. Hydroxyl ions C. Carbonium ions D. None of these v) Copolymer of isobutylene and acrylonitrile is called A. Nitrile rubber B. Butyl rubber C. Acrylic rubber D. None of these vi) Glass transition temperature of polystyrene is A. 500C B. -1000C C. 1000C D. none of these vii) Zeigler-Natta Catalysts are used to produce A. Condensation polymer B. Block copolymers C. Stereo regular polymers D. None of these

viii) For all the synthetic polymers MW/Mn value is A. <1 B. >1 C. =1 D. = ix) Glass transition temperature can be measured using A. glass thermometer B. capillary rheometer C. DSC D. Osmometer x) Benzoyl peroxide is a well known A. Initiator B. chain transfer agent C. inhibitor D. short stop (10x1=10) (b) Give one example with structure of each of the following i) A monomer which can be polymerized by radical, coordination, cationic and/or anionic method ii) An inorganic polymer which is useful as a rubber over a wide range of temperature Silicone rubber iii) A linear polymer which does not contain any hydrogen atom and useful for insulating purpose CF2-CF2 iv) A rubber which is resistance to both hydrocarbon oil and flame - PC v) A polar rubber which is a copolymer and useful for light footwear (5x1-5) (c) State whether the following statements are correct or wrong i) Most of the elastomers after curing become thermoplastics (X) ii) Gutta percha is same as cis-polyisoprene (X) iii) If there are 1000 repeat units in a polymer molecule, DP of the polymer is 1000 () CH iv) The structure of isoprene is CH2=CH-C=CH2 (X) v) Solution polyemerization technique is recommended where the polymer is used in its solution form () (5x1=5)

PAPER- I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 2001

1. (a) Give one example with structure of repeat unit for each of the following i) A rubber which is excellent resistant to oxidation, ozone attack and also good heat ageing resistance EPM/EPDM ii) A rubber which is useful for light footwear iii) A copolymer which is non oil resistant rubber - SBR iv) A homopolymer which is non oil resistant rubber - PBD v) A naturally occurring polymer which is not a rubber - Cellulose vi) A condensation polymer which is useful in making tyres - PU (6x2=12) (b) State whether the following statements are correct or wrong i) All crystalline polymers can be converted into a useful fibers () ii) Natural rubber is glassy at 00C (X) iii) Poly vinyl chloride can be made flexible even at room temperature () iv) All commercially useful rubbers are organic in nature () v) A thermoplastic material can be made rubbery through chemical modification () vi) Stress induced crystallization is not found in natural rubber (X) vii) Ionic polymerization are generally carried out in presence of water (X) viii) Diene rubbers are susceptible to oxidation () (1x8=8)

PAPER I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 2002

1. (a) Give one example with structure of repeat unit for each of the following: i) A linear polymer which does not contain any hydrogen atom and useful for insulating purpose CF2-CF2 ii) A terpolymer, which is useful for making automotive window seal - EPDM iii) A rubber having good oxidation resistance and highly impermeable to gases used mainly in tyre inner tubes - Butyl iv) A polar homopolymer, which is useful for making adhesives PMMA/acrylic/PVAC/PAN/PVA v) An inorganic polymer, which is useful as a rubber over a wide range of temperature Silicone vi) A polymer, which can be prepared by radical, coordination, cationic and/or anionic method vii) A rigid homopolymer, which can be made flexible even at room temperature and useful in cable industry - PVC viii) A highly crystalline polymer used very much in tyre industry - Nylon ix) A homopolymer which is capable of crystallizing when stretched and does not exhibit as high a gum tensile strength x) A copolymer, which is used as a oil and solvent resistant rubber and does not crystallize on stretching - NBR (2x10=20)

PAPER I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 2003

1. a) Multiple choice questions, select the right answer(s) i) Polypropylene is known as a) Glassy polymer b) Amorphous polymer c) Crystalline polymer d) Ionomer ii) Glass transition temperature of polystyrene is a) 1000C b) 100C c) 1000C d) 1200C iii) Within polymeric materials, localized mobility of the segments is called a) Segmental motion b) Molecular motion c) Brownian movement d) Micro Brownian movement iv) Weight average molecular weight of a polymer can be determined by a) Viscometry b) End group analysis c) Osmometry d) Light scattering v) Glass transition temperature of a polymer is determined by a) Infrared spectrophotometry b) Differential scanning calorimetry c) Mass spectrometry d) Scanning Electron Microscopy vi) Most important criteria of a polymer to form strong fiber is a) Partially crystalline b) Amorphous c) Highly crystalline d) Should be branched vii) Polymer produced by Anionic polymerization is called a) Dead polymer b) Living polymer c) Ladder polymer d) None of these viii) A crystalline polymer whose Tg is below 1000C a) Polypropylene b) Polystyrene c) Polyethylene d) Polychloroprene

ix) Atactic polymers are a) High melting and highly soluble b) Low melting and easily soluble c) High melting and less soluble d) None of these x) Copolymer of Styrene and Butadiene, which is used in tire is a) SBS b) SBR c) SEBS d) XSBR 1x10=10 b) State whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE a) Plastics exhibit elongation at break ranging usually 200-500% (T) b) All crystalline polymers are stereo regular (T) c) Elastomers have Tg above room temperature (F) d) Natural rubber is 1,4 cis polyisoprene (T) e) Vinyl polymerization are highly exothermic (T) 1x5=5) c) i) ii) iii) iv) v) An example for inorganic polymer is Silicone A rubber, which is, manufactured both by radical and anionic polymerization is Styrene Example for anionic polymerization initiator is Alkyl Li, Alkoxides Example for a polymer with a low Tg but not a rubber is PE Molecular weight control is achieved using chain transfer agents (1x5=5)

PAPER- I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR -2004

1. a) Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives. The weight average molecular (MW) weight is determined by a) End group analysis b) Osmometry c) Viscometry d) Light scattering ii) The glass transition tempreture (Tg) of low density polyethylene is a) -1200 C b) +1200C c) 00C d) does not have any (Tg) iii) Name a polymer which can be prepared via anionic, free radical and co-ordination polymerization a) Poly bytadiene b) Polypropylene c) Polychloroprene d) Polyethylene terephthalate iv) For a Hooken region stress is directly proportional to a) Viscosity b) strain rate c) strain d) Modulus v) Name rubber(s) which is prepared by condensation polymerization a) Butyl rubber b) Silicon rubber c) Acrylic rubber (ACM) d) Fluoroelastomer vi) Indicate the firore that contains carbon Nitrogen linkage. a) Jute b) Cotton c) Silk d) Polyester vii) cellulose is a polymer a) Natural b) Semi-synthetic c) Synthetic d) Artificial viii) Aramids are high performance a) Polyalkenes b) Polyehters c) Polyimides d) Polyamides ix) SBR is a _______ copolymer of styrene and lutadine a) Random b) Alternate c) Block d) Star shaped x) Vulcanization is the processing step for rubbers a) Initial b) Intermediate c) Final d) Penultimate (1x10=10) i) b) State whether the following statement are correct or wrong, correct the statement) Dicumyl peroxide is a catisnic initiator False : Diamyl peroxide is radical initiator ( ) ii) Among all the polymerization techniques emulsion polymerization is the most useful method. () iii) GPC can be used to analyze all the molecular weights of polymer. () iv) Carthers Equation DP= 1/1 p CDP degree of polymerization, P = Extent of reaction) is associated with anionic polymerization i)

V) The Mark Howwinx equation (n) = Km ~ (K and ~ are constant) is used to obtain M2 (2 average molecular weight ) of a polymer. vi) Cellulose nitrate is a good plastic. () vii) Back bone c-o-c linkage between repeat units renders a polymer more stiff. (X) viii) Incorporation of aromatic ring structure in repeat units renders a polymer more rigid and stiff. () ix) Aromatic ring read rigidness and stiffness Natural rubber ceases to behave as rubber below 800 c x) Polystyrene assumes rubberly character at temprature > 1000 c () (1x10=10)

PAPER I POLYMER SCIENCE YEAR 2005

1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives: i. Hardening of plastics often involves cross-linking. This process is called a) Curing b) Extrusion c) Compounding d) Plasticization ii. Gutta percha is a) Cis 1,4-polyisoprene b) Trans1,4-polyisoprene c) Vulcanised polyisoprene d) Ebonite iii. The concentration of polymers in solution are often expressed as a) g/dl b) Molarity c) Molality d) Volume % iv. Which of the following is the initiator for suspension polymerization a) Potassium persulphate b) Benzoyl peroxide c) AIBN d) Lewis acids v. Which of the following is a branched chain polymer a) HDPE b) Isotactic polypropylene c) LDPE d) Starch vi. The value of in Mark-Houwink equation () = kM in theta solvent is a) 1.0 b) 0 c) 0.5 d) 0.8 vii. Which of the following techniques yields a number average molecular weight a) Viscometry b) Osmometry c) Light scattering d) Ultracentrifugation viii. Shellac is a a) Natural resin b) Synthetic resin c) Regenerated resin d) Rubber ix. Celluloid is a) Un-plasticised cellulose nitrate b) Plasticised cellulose acetate c) Plasticised ethyl cellulose d) Plasticised cellulose nitrate x. When the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer is below the ambient temperature, it is a a) Plastic b) Fiber c) Rubber d) Dendrimer

xi. In the typical stress-strain curve, the stiffness is measured by calculating the a) Total area under the curve till the point of rupture b) Area within the Hookean region c) Slope of straight portion within the Hookean region d) Energy at break xii. Polyethylene terephthalate is a a) Polyamide b) Polyimide c) Polyether d) Polyester xiii. Mastication is the processing step for a) Synthetic rubber b) Natural rubber c) Thermoplastic elastomer d) Commodity plastics xiv. EVA is a) Homopolymer b) Copolymer c) Terpolymer d) Non polymeric material xv. Melamine-formaldehyde resin while in usable condition is a) a thermoplastic b) a thermosetting plastic c) an engineering plastic d) a pseudoplastic (1x15=15)

(b) i. ii. iii. iv.

Write true or false and in case of false statements, correct it: When more than two monomers are polymerized together, the process is called copolymerization (T) Cross-linked polymers do not form solutions and can undergo only limited swelling (T) Emulsion polymerization produces polymers of the highest purity (F) Atactic Polypropylene has the highest crystallinity of all the commercially available polypropylene (F) Ans: Isotactic cyrstalline v. SBS (Styrene butadiene- styrene) is an example of thermoplastic elastomer (T) (1x5=5)

YEAR 1996 RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING PAPER -I I

1. A) Mention only the right answer i) The upside down mixing method is efficient and effective for those compounds a) containing a large volume of liquid plasticizers and large particle size fillers b) containing low structure, small particle size carbon black c) containing high loading of both soft mineral filler and oil together with an elastomer of high Mooney viscosity d) none of the above ii) While blending natural rubber with styrene butadiene rubber on a mixing mill a) first natural rubber is to be masticated to a lower viscosity to form a band and then SBR is added b) natural rubber and SBR to be mixed simultaneously on the mill c) SBR to be banded on the mill then NR added d) None of the above iii) A major disadvantage of mill mixing is a) it is time consuming and depends upon the skill of the operator b) it is difficult to prevent rapid rise of stock temperature c) it provides no shearing action d) none of the above iv) A common cause of poor dispersion and scorchiness in a mixer is a) sp gr. of the stock is too low b) batch size too high c) dump temperature too low d) tensile strength of the stock too high v) For better dispersion of filler on a mixing mill a) Bank size should be very large b) Bank size should be low c) Bank size should be such that the material rolls constantly at the nip d) None of the above vi) Scorchiness of a rubber compound depends on a) heat history of the compound on the process equipment b) higher mastication time c) too much of plasticizer d) none of the above vii) A roller die consists of a) a two roll calendar in combination with extruder feeding b) a 3 roll vertical calendar in combination with a two roll calendar feeding c) a 2 roll calendar in combination with open mill feeding d) a 2 roll calendar in combination with internal mixer feeding viii) The roll deflection in a calendar is mainly caused by a) too much tension on the fabric being processed b) the excessive amount of feed material on the calendar

c) the force required in the nip to flatten the feed material d) the high speed of taking away the calendared material ix) Both side topping is usually done by a calendar with b) 3-rolls c) 2-rolls d) 4-rolls e) none of the above x) Frictioning on a calendar involves a) coating a fabric with rubber stock at least 1/8 inch thick b) depositing and coat of liquid cement on a fabric for better adhesion c) forcing the rubber into the interstices between fibers of a fabric through wiping with roll pressure between the middle and bottom rolls d) producing a surface design on sheet material

PAPER- II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 1997

1. A. Mention only the right answer/s: i) Efficiency of Mastication is the lowest at around the temperature of a) 500C b) 1100C c) 800C d) 2000C ii) Dispersion of compounding ingredients can be improved by a) Mixing at higher temperature b) Mixing for longer period c) Allow the compound to cool at least for a day and rework it again d) None of the above iii) Mixing in an internal mixer results in a) Good quality of compound b) Consistent quality of compound c) Better dispersion than mixing in open mill d) None of the above iv) To achieve uniformity in color, the color has to be a) Added at the beginning of the mixing cycle b) Added at the middle of the mixing cycle c) Added at the end of the mixing cycle d) Partly added at the beginning and partly added at the end of the mixing v) To get uniform (proper) blending of two polymers in a compound a) the major polymer should have higher viscosity b) the major polymer should have higher viscosity c) the minor polymer should have lower viscosity d) both the polymers should have viscosity nearest to each other vi) To produce a thick rubber sheeting, it is preferable to use a) a calender b) an extruder c) a combination of extruder and calender

d) an extruder with roller head vii) Crows feet and Church mark are common processing problems associated with a) the manufacture of tread compounds b) the calendered sheets c) the extruded profiles d) mixing of compounds viii) Continuous vulcanization of an extruded sponge profile can be done by a) Rotocure b) UHF cure c) LCM cure d) Fluidized bed cure ix) Spreading operation is done a) to achieve high thickness of coating b) for long length coating on fabrics c) for tyre cord coating d) for short length fabric coatings x) Injection moulding is preferable a) to produce large volume of moulded articles b) to vulcanize an extruded product c) to produce small volume of big size rubber products d) none of the above 1X10=10

PAPER II- RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 1998

1. Mention correct answers from the alternatives given against each question. More than one answer are possible.

i) PVI (Cyclohexyl thiophthalimide) does not retard well when the acceleration system in the compound is: a) sulphenamide based b) thiazoles based c) thiuram based d) both (b) & (c) ii) During winter seasons, compound surfaces on storage appear to be grey/white. This phenomenon is called: a) scorch b) high tack c) crows feet d) blooming iii) Post cure inflation of tyres is not required for the following reinforcing materials: a) Nylon-6 b) Rayon c) Polyester (high modulus low shrinkage) Glass fiber iv) Prewarming of polymer before using in compounds warranted, especially in cooler season for the following: a) Polybutadiene rubber b) Butyl rubber c) Natural rubber v) Screw Marks is a phenomenon associated with: a) Calendaring operation b) Vulcanization c) Extrusion vi) An Under cure /Laminated compound would result if following polymers get mixed: a) Natural rubber and chlorobutyl b) Styrene butadiene rubber and IIR (Butyl) c) Polybutadiene and Nitrile vii) The most important criteria in selection of plasticizers are: a) Elastomer compatibility

b) Viscosity and specific gravity c) Odor and taste d) None of the above viii) From the point of view of ingredients, the following physical changes occur during a mixing cycle: a) Entering, contacting, flowing and dumping b) Incorporation, dispersion, distribution and plasticization c) Contacting, squeezing and moving d) None of the above ix) Batch to batch variation in mixed compound is seldom caused by: a) Variation in initial loading temperature b) Variation in flow and/or temperature of cooling water c) Variation in Ram pressure d) Variation in time and/or dump temperature x) The length, to diameter ratio (L/D) of a cold feed extruder is: a) 10:1 b) 15:1 c) 20:1 d) none of the above xi) The amount of die swell in extrudate is dependent on: a) The Sp.Gr. of the compound b) The T.S. and elongation of the compound c) The shear rate of the extruder and the viscosity of the compound d) None of the above xii) When a 3-Roll calender is used for fractioning, the surface speed of the bottom roll is usually: a) Equal to middle roll b) Slower than middle roll c) Faster than middle roll d) None of the above xiii) Shrinkage of cured products is not affected by: a) Curing temperature b) Amount and type of filler c) Nature of mould materials and polymer d) None of the above xiv) With every 100C rise in vulcanization temperature, the vulcanization time will be reduced by:Half a) Doubled b) Unaffected c) None of the above xv) Mastication is favored by the presence of: (give at least two alternatives) a) Oxygen b) Peptizers c) Antioxidants d) Sulphur e) Electron withdrawing groups in the structure f) Electron donating groups in the structure

xvi) Of the four widely used elastomers listed below, the only one with oil resistance property is: a) SBR b) NBR c) CR d) EPDM xvii) Vulcanizing agents are ingredients, which must be present in a compound to: a) Reduce its viscosity b) Increase the speed of mixing c) Cause chemical reaction resulting cross-linking elastomer d) None of the above xviii) If the modulus of a compound is progressively increased, its elongation at break property has a tendency to: a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remain constant xix) The maximum rebound height of a vulcanized compound is achieved when the polymer used is: a) Polybutadiene b) Butyl c) Natural rubber d) Chloroprene xx) In a pin extruder, the pins mounted in the barrel provide an effective way to: a) Heat the stock inside the barrel b) Improve homogenization of the stock in the barrel c) Increase head pressure d) None of the above 20x1=20

PAPER- II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 1999

1. Mention correct answer from the alternatives given against each question. More than one answers are possible. (20x1=20) i) Because of its relatively poor processability, poly butadiene rubber is used primarily in blends with other elastomers to improve a) resistance to abrasion, cut growth, and flex cracking b) resistance to oil and gasoline c) resistance to sunlight and ozone d) none of above ii) The properties and processability of a carbon black reinforced compound is greatly affected by a) the specific gravity of the type of black it contains b) the particle size and structure of the type of black it contains c) the cost of the carbon blacks used d) none of above iii) The maximum effect on masticating crude natural rubber for viscosity reduction is obtained a) either at temperature, below 550C or at temperature above 1300C b) at temperature between 90 and 1050C c) only at temperature above 1300C d) none of above iv) The major disadvantage of mill mixing is a) it is not only time-consuming, but also too dependent upon the skill of the operator b) it is difficult to prevent rapid rise of stock temperature c) it provides no shearing action d) none of above v) The major advantage of a screw extruder over a ram extruder is that a) it was invented earlier and its technology was perfect and well known b) it is a continuous process instead of an intermittent process c) it develops no frictional heat through the shearing action of the rotary screw d) none of above

vi) The out put rate of an extruder is not greatly affected by a) the Mooney scorch and Mooney viscosity of the compound b) the head pressure c) the resilience and tensile strength of the compound d) the screw design vii) In a two-roll mill operation the maximum pressure occurs at a) point of bite b) point of separation c) nip point d) just before nip viii) Reduction in the rate of flow of cooling water in an internal mixer will result in a) increase in the stock viscosity b) decrease in the stock temperature c) increase in the stock temperature d) no change in the stock viscosity ix) Increase in the rotor speed of an internal mixer will result in: a) increase in the temperature of cooling water b) decrease in stock temperature c) increase in the stock viscosity d) decrease in the shear rate x) The deflection of calender rolls during processing is mainly caused by a) too much tension on the fabric being processed b) the excessive amount of feed material on the calender c) the force required in the nip to flatten the feed material d) the high speed of taking a way the calendered material xi) Off-gauge material processed by calendaring is not likely caused by a) incorrect crowning of rolls b) improper use of roll-bending or roll-crossing devices c) use of wrong rubber compound d) excessive wear in roll journal bearings xii) The cored roll cooling design for calender rolls is_____________ to the peripherally drilled roll design a) superior b) inferior c) equivalent d) not at all related xiii) Reversion behavior can be visualized from testing in: a) a high pressure capillary viscometer b) universal tensile testing machine

c) Monsanto Rheometer d) None of the above xiv) The Mooney viscometer is the most effective in predicting behavior of a) RIM b) Casting c) Injection molding d) Compression molding xv) Compared to transfer molding, compression molding has the advantage of a) a wider tolerance for different rubber compositions b) shorter molding cycles c) better insert-to-rubber bonding d) ability to easily hold an insert in required position in mold cavity xvi) Optimum cure time as calculated from a rheometer represents the time required to attain a) 50% of the maximum torque b) 70% of the maximum torque c) 90% of the maximum torque d) none of the above xvii) Rapid plastimeter is used to have an idea about: a) the flow behavior b) tensile strength c) green strength d) tack of raw rubber xviii) L/D ratio of hot feed rubber extruder is in the range of: a) 4 to 6 b) 10 to 14 c) 15 to 18 d) 19 to 22 xix) In a horizontally placed single screw extruder the pitch of the screw is the: a) horizontal distance between two flights b) horizontal distance between three flights c) vertical distance between flight and barrel d) angular distance between two flights xx) For preheating the rubber compound to produce bulky articles the preferred method of heating is: a) steam heating b) electric heating c) microwave heating d) none of the above

PAPER- II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2000

1. Mention the correct answer from the alternatives given against each question i) Crows feet is a phenomenon associated with a) calendaring operation b) spreading operation c) extrusion d) continuous vulcanization ii) The material of the calender roll is a) carbon steel b) alloy steel c) chilled cast iron d) stainless steel iii) The deflection of calender rolls during processing is mainly caused by a) too much tension on the fabric being processed b) the excessive amount of feed material c) the force required in the nip to flatten the feed material d) the high speed of taking away the calendaring material iv) Microwave heating is effective for the following a) non-polar rubber and curing agent b) polar rubber and curing agent c) rubber with metal inserts d) non-polar rubber with mineral fillers v) Long cycle time is normally associated with the following molding method a) transfer b) injection c) compression d) RIM vi) The viscosity of a fluid is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. For most rubber the value of is a) greater than 1 b) less than 1 c) equal to 1 d) none of these vii) Calendar grain gives the rubber sheet which is a) stronger across its length b) stronger along its length c) having same strength at both directions d) stronger at the diagonal direction viii) Generally in a hot feed extruder the L/D is a) 10:1 b) 15:1

c) 5:1 d) none of the above ix) Crows feet marks appear due to a) low processing temperature b) high processing temperature c) scorchyness of the compound d) softness of the compound x) Cast iron safety bushes are fixed at the roll journals of Two-roll mixing mills in order to ensure a) safety of the operator b) safety of the rolls c) safety of the motor d) none of the above xi) For a thick molded rubber product the curing should be done at a) higher temperature with shorter time b) higher temperature with longer time c) lower temperature with shorter time d) lower temperature with longer time xii) The content in the Liquid Curing Medium (LCM) continuous vulcanization process is a a) mixture of salts b) mixture of salts with water c) mixture of oils d) mixture of salt and oil xiii)The main objective to have a pin-barrel extruder is to a) remove the porosity in the extrudate b) reduce the scorch problem of the rubber compound c) improve homogenization of rubber compound d) reduce the die swell of the extrudate xiv) Calendar machine having roll diameter of 20 inch, normally should have the roll length of a) 40 inch b) 54 inch c) 64 inch d) 74 inch xv) PCI (Post Cure Inflation) in manufacturing of nylon reinforced tyres is generally done by circulating a) hot water b) hot air c) steam d) cold water xvi) Both side frictioning of a fabric in one-pass is possible by using a) a 4-roll type calender b) a inverted L-type calender c) a Z-type calender d) two sets of 3 roll L-type calender

xvii) Mooney viscosity of a rubber compound is generally tested at a) 800C b) 1000C c) 1500C d) 500C xviii) In mixing of Nitrile rubber compound, sulphur is added at the initial stage for a) increasing the scorch safety b) improving the viscosity c) better dispersion d) to improve oil resistance xix) While moulding a rubber product in a hydraulic curing press bumping is required to a) remove entrapped air b) facilitate flow of compound c) fill the mould cavity uniformly d) reduce the curing time xx) While mixing on a Two-roll mill, the problem of bagging is often experienced with a) NR b) SBR c) BR d) A blend of NR and SBR (1X20=20)

PAPER- II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2001

1. Give the correct answer from the alternatives given against each question i) Torque is defined as a product of a) Force and distance b) Force and area c) Pressure and distance d) Pressure and area ii) The blends of polypropylene and EPDM are a) Compatible b) Incompatible c) Mutually soluble d) None of these iii) S-B-S copolymers are a) TPE b) TP c) Rubbers d) Thermosets iv) The term Incorporation refers to a) Bound rubber b) Wetting of the filler surface with rubber c) Breaking down of the filler aggregates d) None of these v) For a highly shear sensitive rubber the filler dispersion in an internal mixer is a) Very good b) Good c) Poor d) None of these vi) The flash or the mould spew occurs in different types of moulds in the order of a) Injection moulds>Compression moulds b) Injection moulds>Transfer moulds c) Compression moulds>Injection moulds d) None of these vii) In an on-line vulcanization system the Shear head is fitted to a a) Internal mixer b) Calender c) Extruder d) Transfer mould viii) Salt bath vulcanizing method uses a mixture of molten potassium and sodium a) Chloride b) Sulfates c) Bromides d) Nitrates ix) To measure the stock temperature inside a Banbury mixer, the device used is

a) b) c) d)

A pyrometer A mercury thermometer A thermocouple A gas-thermometer

x) The rheo-curve of the SBR based rubber compound is of a) Plateau type b) Marching type c) Reversion type d) None of these xi) Microwave heating is most effective for curing of a) White rubber compounds b) Textile reinforced rubber components c) Black rubber compounds d) Compounds made from non-polar rubbers xii) Mould shrinkage increases with increase in a) Rubber content of the compound b) Filler content of the compound c) Moulding pressure d) None of the above xiii) Calender grain effect is most pronounced when the compound is a) Highly loaded with carbon black b) Highly loaded with mineral fillers c) Highly viscous in nature d) Highly elastic in nature xiv) Frictioning of both sides of textiles can be easily done in a) A 4-roll calender of I type b) A 4-roll calender of Z type c) A 4-roll calender of L type d) Two nos. of 3-roll calendars of any configuration xv) Variation in thickness of a calendered sheet between the centre and sides can be minimized by a) Increasing the compound viscosity b) Decreasing the calendaring speed c) Decreasing roll temperature d) None of the above xvi) Porosity cannot occur during vulcanization of an extrudate in curing chamber if cured in a) Hot air without air pressure b) Open steam c) Hot air without open steam d) None of the above xvii) A common cause of poor dispersion is a) Specific gravity of the mix is too low b) Dump temperature is too low c) Batch size is too low

d) Ram pressure is too high xviii) Die swell in extrusion is dependent upon a) Specific gravity of compound b) Specific heat of compound c) Green strength of compound d) Shear rate of the extrudate xix) Generally in a mixing mill if the diameter is 22 inches then the roll length is a) 44 inches b) 60 inches c) 66 inches d) 22 inches xx) When the material stops flowing through the extruder die even if the screw keeps rotating it implies that a) Drag flow>Pressure flow b) Drag flow<Pressure flow c) Drag flow=Pressure flow d) None of these (1x20=20)

PAPER II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2002

I. Give the correct answer from the alternatives given against each question 1. The modulus at 300% elongation as obtained from Universal Testing machine (UTM) refers to a) Ratio of stress to strain at 300% elongation b) Stress at 300% elongation c) Strain at 300% elongation d) None of the above 2. The tensile strength of rubber vulcanizates as measured from an UTM refers to a) Nominal stress at the point of failure b) True stress at the point of failure c) Force required to break the sample d) None of the above 3. The unit of the viscosity obtained by Mooney Viscometer are equivalent to being a) Dimensionless b) Unit of torque c) Unit of shear viscosity d) Unit of pressure 4. The dynamic characteristics of rubber matrix during vulcanization are measured by a a) Moving die rheometer b) Oscillating Disc rheometer c) Universal Testing Machine d) High pressure capillary viscometer 5. Mixing mill operated at smaller nip gap will exert in comparison to larger nip gap a a) smaller shear force b) higher shear force c) identical shear force d) none of the above 6. In the rubber processing terminology the terms like z-type, Inverse L-type are associated with a) Mixing mills b) Extruders c) Compression mould d) Calendars 7. As compared to Natural rubber Polybutadiene rubber has relatively a) Better processability b) Identical processability c) Poor processability d) None of the above

8. The Rheometric curve of an SBR based rubber compound indicates predominantly a) Fast Reversion b) Plateau Effect c) Marching Modulus d) None of the above 9. Reversion characteristics of a rubber compound can be easily visualized by testing the compound in a) a Monsanto Rheometer b) an Instron Tensile Tester c) a DIN Abrader d) a Dispergrader 10. The output rate of a given compound in an extruder can be significantly improved by a) increased cooling water pressure b) increased barrel and head temperatures c) increased screw R P M d) reduced screw R P M 11. In an internal mixer, higher rotor speed provides a) shorter mixing cycles b) higher cooling water temperature c) lower stock temperature build up d) higher batch weights 12. Post cure inflation is essential for tires built with a) Rayon cords b) Nylon-6 cords c) Steel cords d) Cotton 13. Heat setting of nylon cords should be carried out at a) Room temperature b) Below room temperature c) Temperature higher than the melting point of nylon d) Temperature nearer to the melting point of nylon 14. L/D ratio of a pin barrel extruder is a) 4:1 to 6:1 b) 10:1 to 15:1 c) 12:1 to 20:1 d) 10:1 to 40:1 15. Crows feet is a phenomenon associated with

a) b) c) d)

Calendering operation Spreading operation Extrusion Continuous vulcanization

16. Microwave heating is effective for the following a) Non polar rubber and ingredients b) Polar rubber and ingredients c) Rubber with metal inserts d) Rubber with mineral filler 17. Long cycle time is normally associated with the following molding a) Transfer b) Injection c) Compression d) RIM 18. Improved resistance of reversion in case of NR is obtained by a) Urethane cross-linking system b) Semi efficient vulcanization c) Soluble EV system d) None of the above 19. In a calendaring operation maximum pressure occur on the roll at a height h equal to a) height of nip b) half the height of nip c) 4/3 the height of nip d) the height of nip 20. The following rubber is not subjected to cracking by ozone a) SBR b) BR c) NBR d) EPDM (20X1=20)

PAPER II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2003

1. Give the correct answers from the alternatives given against each question i) The viscosity of raw synthetic polyisoprene rubber as compared to raw natural rubber is a) lower b) 1.5 times, higher c) equal d) 2 times, higher ii) Excessive remilling of SBR compound may lead to a) softening b) gelling c) high tack d) none of the above iii) The ASTM series number for cold SBR gum rubber is a) 1000 b) 1700 c) 1500 d) 2000 iv) Polybutadiene rubber containing 32-35% cis forms a tight elastic band on a two roll mill at roll temperature range of a) 200C-300C b) 400C-450C c) 1200C-1300C d) 650C-700C v) Butyl rubber is generally compounded at higher temperature than NR due to its relatively a) low level of unsaturation b) high unsaturation c) low Mooney viscosity d) none of the above vi) Die swell is associated with a) calendaring b) extrusion c) mixing d) spreading vii) Optimum cure time is generally denoted as a) Tc25 b) Tc50 c) Tc90 d) Tc98 viii) SI unit of viscosity of polymer is a) Nm b) N/m2 c) Pas d) MPa ix) In a rubber extruder a screen pack is used to a) Remove undesirable particles of higher size from rubber mix b) Remove excess of plasticizer c) Remove excess curatives d) Protect the breaker plates

x) Mastication is a process of a) Curing rubber in sunlight b) Lowering of Mooney viscosity by adding process oil c) Lowering of Mooney viscosity by mechanical shearing d) Devulcanization of rubber compound

xi) The Rotor design of the Mooney Viscometer is of the type a) A disk with smooth surface b) A disk having serrated grid pattern c) A disk having perforation d) A bi-conical disk xii) The rapid rise in the temperature of the stock when the rubber is fed to the internal mixer is due to a) Circulation of water through the body of the mixer b) Viscous dissipation of energy due to high stock viscosity c) Breakdown of the molecular chains d) Disentanglement of rubber molecules xiii) In an internal mixer the purpose of the rotor shaft seal is a) To prevent the escape of particulate material b) To prevent the escape of cooling water c) To maintain the temperature inside the mixer d) None of the above xiv) Blooming is a phenomenon where a) Processability of a rubber compound is affected b) Proper distribution of compounding ingredients are hampered c) Blisters appear on the surface of the compound d) Compounding ingredients move from bulk to the surface of a rubber compound xv) An increase in Extruder Screw RPM will lead to a) Decrease in output rate b) Increase in output rate c) No change in output rate d) None of the above xvi) On a calender sheet the blisters appear due to a) The calender roll temperature being too low b) Feed stock temperature being too low c) Calender rolls and/or feed stock being too hot d) None of the above

xvii) During the moulding of a rubber component bumping and breathing operations are performed to a) Eliminate the trapped air and vapours from the moulding b) Improve the surface finish c) Reduce the thickness d) None of the above

xviii) In an injection molding system the spru is the flow channel a) Between runner and gate b) Between runner and die c) Between gate and mould cavity d) Before the die xix) For a flashless moulding of rubber articles the most suited moulding operation is a) Compression moulding b) Injection moulding c) Blow moulding d) None of the above xx) Shear head is the device used for a) Raising the temperature of the rubber compound b) Mixing fillers with rubbers c) Controlling the pressure d) None of the above (1x20)

PAPER II- RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2004

1. Give the most correct answer from the alternatives given against each question i) The scorching tendency of a rubber compound is not a) dependent upon its base elastomer b) dependent upon curative system c) dependent upon processing temperature d) dependent upon its color ii) Nitrile rubber is modified by PVC resins to improve a) oil resistance b) tear strength c) resistance to weather, ozone, and sunlight d) adhesion to fabric and metals iii) The maximum effect on masticating crude NR for viscosity reduction is obtained a) either at temperature below 550C or at temperature above 1300C b) at temperature between 900C and 1500C c) only at temperature above 1300C d) none of above iv) A common and often overlooked cause of poor dispersion and scorchiness is a) Specific gravity of the stock too low b) Batch size too large c) Dump temperature too low d) Tensile strength of the stock too high v) The amount of die swell in extrusion is dependent upon a) the shear rate of the extruder and the viscosity of the compound b) the specific gravity of the compound c) the tensile strength and elongation of the compound d) none of the above vi) Surface roughness of the extrudate is not likely to be caused by a) air entrapment or insufficient mastication b) improper temperature profile c) insufficient cooling at take away equipment d) high screw speed

vii) The major causes of porosity problems are

a) b) c) d)

use of high viscosity material and application of mold release moisture and trapped air low molding temperature and along curing cycle none of the above

viii) Sulfur is the most widely used vulcanizing agent. The second most popular vulcanizing agent is a) Organic amines b) Organic peroxides c) Phenolic resins d) Metallic oxides ix) The major disadvantage of heated nitrogen over heated air as a source of thermal energy for vulcanization is a) it cannot be easily compressed b) it has no oxidizing effect on sensitive polymer composite being vulcanized c) it is much more efficient in heat transfer d) none of above x) Molded good with irregular shape and complex configuration are most likely made by a) compression molding b) transfer molding or injection molding c) bladder molding d) none of the above xi) The Mooney viscometer gives the viscosity in equivalent units as a) Force b) Torque c) Momentum d) Acceleration xii) The rotors of Mooney viscometer are designated as L and S, which stand respectively for a) low and slow b) long and short c) large and small d) none of the above xiii) For a particular rubber compound the optimum cure time obtained using a moving die rheometer as compared to oscillating disc rheometer is a) same b) lower c) higher d) none of the above xiv) Increase in friction ratio of the two roll mill operation will a) increase the temperature of stock

b) decrease the temperature of stock c) increase the stock viscosity d) none of the above xv) The friction ratio of a Banbury internal mixer is the consequence of a) Tip diameters of the rotor wings b) Root diameters of the rotors c) Root diameter of one rotor and wing tip diameter of the other d) None of the above xvi) Cold feed extruder L/D ratio is higher than the hot feed extruder because it contains a) Additional feeding arrangement b) High capacity drive motor c) Additional preheating zone d) None of the above xvii) An extruder die invariably contains a) Lead-in and land sections b) Melting section c) Conveying section d) Metering section xviii) In an injection molding system the gate diameter is a) Smaller than the runner diameter b) Larger than the runner diameter c) Equal to the runner diameter d) None of the above xix) In a pin barrel extruder the pins are used to impart a) A smooth flow b) A cross flow c) High viscosity d) None of the above xx) The crows feet defect is observed normally in a a) A calendered sheet b) An extrudate c) A molded product d) None of the above (20x1=20)

PAPER II RUBBER PROCESSING AND ENGINEERING YEAR 2005

1. a) Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives given against each question i) A high value of die swell indicates a) low viscosity b) high viscosity c) low elasticity d) high elasticity ii) The fill factor in an internal mixer during curative mixing is a) 50-55 b) 60-65 c) 70-75 d) 80-85 iii) In autoclave curing of rubber compounds an uncured surface layer is observed in the case of a) sulfur curing b) peroxide curing c) metal oxide curing d) resin curing iv) The advantage of a ram extruder over a screw extruder is a) low heat development b) low operating cost c) metal oxide d) all of a,b & c v) The Mooney viscometer measures the viscosity at a shear rate of.. s-1 a) 0-1 b) 1-2 c) 2-3 d) 3-4 vi) In a four roll calender the second and third rolls which apply coating to the fabric must be of. speed, while the first and fourth rolls can be .. a) even, even or uneven b) uneven, even c) uneven, even or uneven d) 1.0 and 1.25 vii) For friction coating in a three-roll calender the friction ratio is between a) 1 and 1.5 b) 1.5 and 2.0 c) 1.25 and 1.5 d) 1.0 and 1.25 viii) ML1+8 is related to a) NR b) SBR c) IIR d) NBR

ix) Crows feet can be observed after a) Extrusion b) Moulding c) calendaring d) Mixing on a two roll mill x) Reversion is often shown by a) NR b) SBR c) IIR d) NBR xi) Typical mill friction ratio is a) 1:1 b) 1.25:1 c) 2.5:1 d) 5:1

xii) In hot feed extruders, L/D ratio is a) 2:1 b) 6:1 c) 15:1 d) 20:1 xiii) Eutectic mixture of inorganic salts is used as vulcanization medium for a) Hot air cure b) LCM cure c) Radiation cure d) Fluidized bed cure xiv) Bag-O-matic press is used for curing a a) Seal b) Mount c) Cable d) Tyre xv) Die swell is related to a) Injection moulding b) Calendering c) Extrusion d) Mixing xvi) Cure rate is generally obtained from a a) Plastimeter b) Mooney viscometer c) Rheometer d) Processability tester xvii) Typical operating roll temperature of highly loaded EPDM is a) 10-200C b) 20-300C c) 30-500C d) 60-800C xviii) Peroxide curing of rubber at 1600C shows rheometric rheological properties of a rubber compound after the scorch time because a) Marching modulus b) High scorch safety c) Reversion tendency d) Flat curing xix) Mooney viscometer cannot be used for measuring Rheological properties of a rubber compound after the scorch time because a) test temperature is low b) test shear is low c) the rotors tear the cured rubber d) temperature uniformity cannot be maintained xx) Porosity in fluidized bed curing is avoided by a) use of dessicant b) application of pressure c) use of dried filler d) all of a, b& c (1x20=20)

PAPER III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR- 1996

1. A) Select suitable curing system for following rubbers. Only write the answer against the question number. NBR-EPDM blend requiring good compression set and heat resistant properties - EV Natural rubber for better heat resistant application Sulphur donor Neoprene W for general purpose application Ethylene thiourea NR-BIIR blend for tyre application S/Zno Butyl rubber for maximum heat resistant application - Resin 5x1=5 B) What is the effect of: Increasing acrylonitrile content on heat resistance of NBR - Increases Increasing styrene content in SBR on rubbery characteristic - Decreases Introducing halogen group in IIR on compatibility with diene rubbers - Improves Increasing vinyl content in BR on the skid resistance Improves Increasing butadiene content on oil resistance of NBR - Decreases 5x1=5 C) Select suitable rubber/rubber blends for following applications: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Outer cover and inner tube of oil field hose - ? Aero tyre and cycle tyre NR/BR/RR Tread and inner liner for tubeless truck tyre NR/BR Lining material for sulfuric acid tank - NR Artificial heart valve SILICONE

i) ii) iii) iv) v)

i) ii) iii) iv) v)

HIIR/NR 5x1=5

D) What are the effects of increasing HAF black loading (upto 80 phr) on the following properties of optimum cured NR based compound (Give only typical curve)? i) Tensile strength ii) Elongation at break iii) Rebound resilience iv) Hardness Hardness T.S E.B Resilience 20 40 60 80 5x1=5

PAPER- III -RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 1997

1.A. Why is Polybutadiene blended with other polymers, while butyl rubber is nearly used alone? ANS: Cure compatibility i) What is understood by the term Plateau Effect in Cure Curves? Tq plateau

Time ii) Place the following rubbers in order of increasing resistance to ozone attack: Natural rubber, butyl rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and EPDM rubber. ANS: NR<NBR<IIR<EPDM iii) How is the modulus of steel defined in tension? ANS: Stress/Strain iv) What is hysteresis of rubber? ANS: Energy losses in a stress-strain cycle B. What are the differences in the function of the following compounding ingredients? i) N330 Vs N990

ii) Phenol formaldehyde resin Vs Pentachlorothiophenol Curing agent for butyl iii) Zinc oxide Vs zinc stearate Activator for accelerator for NR (curing agent for CR; accelerator for XIIR; whitener for some rubbers) & Detackifier iv) TMTD Vs TMTM Ultra fast Accelerator & Peptizer for NR

Sulphur donor

v) N-isopropyl N-phenyl p-phenylene diamine Vs N-nitroso dipenylamine A/O Retarder

C. i) Why is DCBS more delayed action accelerator than CBS? ans: DCHA less than CHA ii) Name one difunctional compound for curin rubber Quinane dioxin iii) Name two ultra accelerators ZDC, TMTD iv) Which of the following are accelerator activators: Zinc oxide , red lead, acetic acid, stearic acid , phenol v) Which of the following are chemical plasticizers: Oil soluble sulfonic acid, pine tar, pitch, xylyl mercaptan D. What is the effect of? i) Increasing nitrile content on the rubbery characteristics of nitrite rubber - Decreases ii) Increasing trans content of polyisoprene on the processibility at room temperature Lowers iii) Replacing natural rubber by butyl rubber on rolling loss of tyre tread compound Increases iv) Blending NBR with EPDM on heat resistance - Improves v) Replacing sulfur donor compound by sulfur Heat resistance inferior

PAPER- III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 1998

1. A. Write only the answer against the question number: i) Zinc oxide is the cross linking agent for which rubber - CR ii) Name at least three elastomers which can be cross linked by dicumyl peroxide EPDM, HNBR, Silicone iii) Which type of resin is used for vulcanizing butyl rubber? Ans: Modified PF iv) Why is stearic acid used in diene rubbers? Ans: Activator v) What is the dosage of sulphur required for curing SBR to ebonite stage? Ans: 30 5X1=5 B. Which type of oils or plasticizers are used. i. For manufacturing oil-extended styrene butadiene rubbers - Aromatic ii. For manufacturing oil-extended EPDM rubbers - Paraffinic iii. As plasticizer for polychloroprene rubber Ester plasticizer iv. As softener for isobutylene isoprene rubber - Napthanic v. For imparting fire retardant properties chlorinated paraffin 5X1=5 C. Name one important application for each of the following polymer blends i) NBR/PVC LPG tubing ii) NR/BR Tyre head iii) IIR/EPDM Inner tube iv) NR/BIIR (bromobutyl) Inner liner v) NR/HSR (high styrene resin rubber master batch) shoe soles 5X1=5 D. Select the most appropriate filler for each of the following applications i) White sport shoe sole precipitated silica ii) Passenger car tyre tread - ISAF iii) Battery boxes made of ebonite (hard rubber) Ebonite part iv) Green colored garden hose of EPDM china clay v) Hot water bottle Precipitated CaCO3 5X1=5

PAPER- III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 1999

1. A. Write only the symbol of the correct answer/answers i) Which rubber has the widest temperature range of application a) NR b) EPDM c) Butyl (IIR) d) Silicone e) Polybutadiene (BR) ii) Select the most suitable elastomer for aero-tyre a) BR b) NR c) IIR d) EPDM e) SBR iii) Among the following rubbers the best heat resistant one is a) SBR b) EVA c) EPDM d) NBR e) IIR iv) The best example of self-reinforcing elastomer is. a) EPDM b) BR c) NBR d) SBR e) NR v) The Paraffinic oil is suitable plasticizer for a) NBR b) SBR c) CR d) EPDM e) Silicon vi) Increasing acrylonitrile content the property which decreases is a) heat resistance b) oil resistance c) resilience d) air impermeability e) modulus vii) Peroxide curing is not suitable for a) IIR b) NBR c) BR d) SBR e) NR viii) Among the following the most delayed action accelerator is a) MBT b) CBS d) TMTD d) ZDC e) ZMBT ix) Among the following fillers the average particle size is the least for a) Activated CaCO3 b) SAF c) ZnO d) HAF e) Fumed silica x) Zinc salt of pentachlorothiophenol is used as a) Curing agent b) Plasticizer c) Filler d) Peptizer e) Tackifier

B. Write only the answer against the question number: ii) Which is the main monomer for butyl rubber?- ans: Isobutylene iii) Name the feedstock for furnace blacks CBFS/Naphtha iv) Name the tree, which produces natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis v) Which type of catalyst is used for manufacturing Polybutadiene rubber? Ans: No vi) Name an oxygen containing elastomer - Silicone C. Select a suitable polymer or polymer blend for i) LPG tubing NBR/PVC ii) Meteorological balloon - Butyl iii) Solvent based contact adhesives - CR iv) Inner layer of steam hose - NBR v) Tyre curing bag - IIR 10+5+5=20

PAPER- III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2000

1. Choose the correct answer (write the letter code in your answer): i) Which property of Nitrile rubber is improved when it is modified with PVC resin? a) Oil resistance b) Resistance to weather, ozone and sunlight c) Tear strength d) Adhesion to fabric and metals ii) Fluorocarbon elastomers have excellent resistance to oils, fuels, acids and chemicals but has poor resistance to a) Hydraulic fluids b) Oxygen, ozone, sunlight c) Oxygenated solvents such as acetone, MEK d) None of the above iii) Which copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate exhibits rubbery behavior a) Copolymer with 12% vinyl acetate b) Copolymer with 28% vinyl acetate c) Copolymer with 45% vinyl acetate d) Copolymer with 90% vinyl acetate iv) What is the weight percent of chlorine in PVC? a) 15% b) 30% c) 45% d) 56% v) Arrange in order of decreasing abrasion resistance of the following rubbers NR<SBR<BR< PU vi) Arrange in order of decreasing resilience of the given rubbers at room temperature IIR<SBR<NR<BR vii) Select a cure system for best flex life of the cured product a) Normal b) Semi-EV c) EV d) Peroxide viii) When latex is obtained from tree, the approximate rubber content in the serum is a) 80% b) 40% c) 60% d) 100% ix) When precipitated CaCO3 is burnt about 8000C, it leaves ash content of a) 0% b) 40% c) 60% d) 100% x) Amongst following rubbers, which rubber can take maximum fillers and oils loading

a) b) c) d)

EPDM NR PU BR

xi) Calcium oxide is used in EPDM microwave curing for a) Fast extrusion b) Better shine on finished product c) Absorbing moisture d) Uniform dispersion of reinforcing materials xii) Paraffin mineral oil is the most compatible with a) Butyl rubber b) Silicone rubber c) Natural rubber d) Nitrile rubber e) Polyacrylic rubber xiii) Aniline point of a oil is 300C, if it is highly a) Paraffinic b) Aromatic c) Napthenic d) Linear molecules e) Dark in color xiv) Resin curing is the most suitable for a) NBR b) BR c) NR d) IIR xv) Neither peroxide nor conventional sulfur curing system is recommended for a) NR b) SBR c) CR d) BR xvi) Increasing ethylene content in EPDM reduces a) Tensile strength b) Compression set resistance c) Ozone resistance d) Filler loading capacity xvii) During reclaiming of a rubber vulcanizate unsaturation and molecular weight variations are as follows a) unsaturation of rubber increases, but molecular weight decreases b) unsaturation of rubber reduces as well as molecular weight reduces c) unsaturation increases and molecular weight increases d) both remain sane as that of original compound xviii) Sulfur, chlorine, oxygen containing rubber is a) CR b) CIIR c) CSP d) CM

xix) The most suitable polymer for tyre curing bag is a) IIR b) NBR c) SBR d) NR xx) The most delayed action accelerator is a) MBT b) MBTS c) TMTD d) MOZ (1X20=20)

PAPER-III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2001

1. (a) Choose the correct answers from the following i) What is the basis of grading of ISNR as ISNR 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 etc.? a) Viscosity b) Dirt content c) Ash content d) Nitrogen content ii) At 23.5% bound system level, the Tg of SBR is a) 400C b) 500C c) 600C d) 700C iii) A 100% hydrogenated NBR can be vulcanized by a) Sulfur and accelerator b) Peroxides c) Metal oxides d) None of these iv) Polychloroprene rubber is vulcanized by a) ZnO b) ZnO and MgO c) S and Accelerator d) None of these v) The Cis-content in Polychloroprene rubber of adhesive grade is a) 70% b) 80% c) 85% d) 90% vi) The significant characteristic of a thermoplastic elastomer is to a) Behave like a thermoplastic at room temperature b) Process like a thermoplastic at elevated temperature c) Behaves like an elastomer at room temperature d) Process like a rubber at room temperature vii) Many specialty elastomers require Post curing for achieving best balance of properties. Name from the listed below the one, which does not require post curing. a) Acrylic b) Fluorocarbon c) Cross linked Polyethylene d) Vamac viii) Name the rubber which has better air impermeability than butyl rubber a) Acrylic b) Hypalon c) ENR d) Polyepichlorophydrin ix) Fluorosilicone rubber has outstanding properties of a) Good swelling resistance and low temperature flexibility b) Long temperature heat resistance at elevated temperatures c) Resistance to acids and bases d) Good tear and wear properties

x) In latex processing the chemical used as gelling agent is a) Ammonia b) ZnO c) Sodium silicofluoride d) Resorcinol (1x10=10) (b) Mention the function of the following compounding ingredients in rubber 1 2 3 4 5 Dioctyl phthalate - Plasticizer Zinc salt of mercapto benzothiazole - Accelerator Precipitated silica Reinforcing filler Dicumyl peroxide cross-linking agent Triallyl isocyanurate peroxide activator (5) (c) Select the most suitable filler for 1 Inner tube of tyres - FEF 2 EPDM steam hose - SRF 3 Insulation compound for power cables - Talc 4 LPG tubing Precipitated CaCo3 5 Passenger tire tread OESBR/SBR (5)

PAPER III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2002

1. (A) Choose the correct answer: i) Polyurethane rubber has outstanding resistance to a) acids and solvents b) hot water c) abrasion and tear d) none of the above ii) Nitrile rubber modified with PVC resin improves its a) oil resistance b) tear strength c) resistance to weather, ozone and sunlight d) adhesion to fabric and metals iii) Acrylic rubber has inferior resistance to a) ozone and sunlight b) oxidation c) water and steam d) gasoline and similar hydrocarbon solvents iv) Fluorocarbon elastomer has very little resistance to a) hydraulic fluids b) oxygen, ozone and sunlight c) oxygenated solvents such as MEK d) none of the above v) The mercaptan modified neoprene rubber (type W) has better a) resistance to oil and gasoline b) more tackiness and faster cure c) superior resistance to heat and compression d) none of the above 1x5=5 (B) What these notations stand for and accordingly name the following types of black fillers i) N 110 - SAF ii) N 242 - HSisAF iii) N 440 - iv) N 339 - HSHAF v) N 990 - SRF 1x5=5 (C) Select most suitable rubber for the following applications i) Truck tyre tread - NR ii) Weather strip - EPDM iii) LPG tubing NBR/PVC iv) Air bag for tyre curing - IIR v) Seals operating at 600C in hydrocarbon oil - NBR 1x5=5 (D) Select the most suitable fillers (with grades) for the following applications: i) Passenger radial tyre tread N326 ii) Green tyre tread (low rolling resistance environmentally friendly tyre tread) precipitated silica iii) Acid resistance tank liner BaSo4 iv) White sidewall for tyres CaCo3 Automotive tube - FEF

PAPER III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2003

I. i) Which of the following rubber has maximum gas impermeability a) NR b) Butyl c) Polyethers d) EPDM ii) The properties of Hypalon are similar to Neoprene. However, it is superior to Neoprene in: a) Resilience b) Resistance to acid, solvents, ozone and oxidation c) Resistance to compression set d) None of the above iii) Phynol formaldehyde resin can be used to a) Reduce hardness b) Improve flex properties c) Reduce heat built up or d) Increase hardness iv) Which of the following rubber can be used to get lowest resilinece a) IIR b) BR c) FKM d) Silicone v) MST of latex should preferably be a) 5 secs. b) 600 secs c) 1000 secs d) 5000 secs (1X5=5) II. Name the type of accelerators and vulcanizing agents used in curing the following rubber products i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) Butyl curing bags PF resin Disposable hand gloves made from NR latex ultra fast ZDBC Aero tyre tread - Sulfenamuls Cable jacket based on Neoprene rubber - Pbo Truck tyre carcass - NBRS RTV silicone for automobile gasket DCP+TIAC Printing rolls from epichlorohydrin rubber Ethylene thiourea / Pb3O4 Cable sheathing compounds from Hypalon Pb3 O4+Terone A Crank shaft seals from Acrylate rubber - Diamines Aircraft and rocket seals from fluorocarbon rubber Bisphenol/Metal oxide (1x10=10) III. Give two examples of each of the following i) ii) iii) iv) v) Antioxidants 6PPD, TDCP Process aids Zinc salt of fatty acid Retarders CTP, NDPA Extenders Whiting, Clay Blowing agents ADC, TSH

PAPER III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2004

1. Choose the correct answer / write the letter code in your answer: i) Select a cure system for the best flex life of the cured product a) Conventional b) Semi-EV c) EV d) Peroxide ii) Amongst the following rubbers, which rubber can take maximum filler and oil loading a) EPDM b) NR c) PU d) SBR iii) Resin curing is the most suitable for a) NBR b) SBR c) NR d) IIR iv) The most suitable polymer for tyre curing bag is a) IIR b) NBR c) SBR d) NR v) A 100% hydrogenated NBR can be vulcanized by a) Sulfur and accelerator b) Peroxides c) Metal oxides d) None of these vi) In latex processing the chemical used as gelling agent is a) Ammonia b) ZnO c) Sodium silicofluoride d) Resorcinol vii) Lowest heat build up is observed for vulcanizate of a) CR b) NR c) SBR d) IIR viii) The highest air impermeability is shown by a) NR b) CR c) NBR (50 ACN) d) IIR ix) The best flame resistant rubber is a) CIIR b) BIIR c) NBR d) CR x) Arrange in increasing order of gum vulcanizate strength SBR<BR<IR<CR<NR xi) Which of these elastomers has the lowest polarity? a) SBR b) CR c) NBR d) EPDM xii) Which of these elastomers is not cross-linkable by peroxide? a) CM b) CR c) CSM d) BIIR xiii) As compared to thermoplatics, vulcanized rubbers have a) higher tension set b) higher compression set c) higher resilience d) higher modulus

xiv) Which polymer has the structure with highest cis-1,4 content? a) NR b) CR c) SBR d) BR xv) Which elastomer has highest fluorine content? a) Fluorocarbon rubbers (FKM) b) Fluorosilicone rubbers (FVMQ) c) Polytetra fuluroethylene (PTFE) xvi) The most compatible plasticizer for EPDM rubber is a) Aromatic mineral oil b) Paraffinic mineral oil c) DOP d) Caster oil xvii) High voltage power cables are insulated with a) Butyl rubber b) Silicone rubber c) EPDM d) XLPE xviii) Which of the following is a thermoplastic rubber? a) SBR b) SBS c) ABS d) SAN xix) Which of these polymers has the lowest Tg? a) BR b) CR c) SBR d) NBR xx) Field latex has the (rubber hydrocarbon content) of about a) 25% b) 35% c) 50% d) 60% (20x1=20)

PAPER III RUBBER MATERIALS YEAR 2005

1. Select most suitable answer/answers from the given choices against each question i) Only solution grade of-------------is exclusively used for tyre tread a) IIR b) CR c) NBR d) BR e) SBR ii) Peroxide curing is not technically recommended for--------a) BIIR b) IIR c) CR d) NBR e) HNBR iii) The best combination of heat and mineral oil resistance can be obtained from a) CR b) NBR c) BIIR d) HNBR e) MQ iv) The most suitable rubber for Aero tyre is----------a) HNBR b) BR c) SBR d) NR e) ENR v) The rubber which has the highest abrasion resistance-------a) SBR b) XNBR c) CR d) NBR e) BR vi) For tyre curing bag the most suitable rubber is-----------a) CR b) NBR c) BIIR d) CIIR e) IIR vii) The best combination of mechanical properties, oil resistance and flame resistance can be obtained from ----------------a) CR b) BIIR c) CIIR d) NBR e) VMQ viii) The highest resilience is shown by the rubber---------a) SBR b) IIR c) BR d) HNBR ix) The rubber which requires production at lowest polymerization temperature a) IR b) NBR c) CR d) SBR e) IIR x) The most important property of oil seals and gasket a) Tensile strength b) Compression set c) Heat build up d) Resilience e) Modulus at 300% elongation

xi) Carbon black with higher surface area is a) N550 b) N330 c) N110 d) N234 xii) Accelerator having highest scorch safety in conventional rubber compound a) NOBS b) MBT c) DCBS d) CBS xiii) Additive used for enhancing static ozone resistance properties of general purpose rubber compound is a) TMQ b) 6PPD c) Wax d) Aromatic oil xiv) The most unsuitable filler for improving acid resistance properties of rubber compound is a) Whiting b) Barytes c) Carbon black d) Clay xv) The maximum limit of dirt content of TSR 10 is a) 0.1% b) 0.2% c) 0.5% d) 0.01% xvi) The material derived from petroleum source is a) NR b) Silica c) Vegetables oil d) BR xvii) The Recycle material used in rubber industry a) WTR (Whole Tyre Reclaim) b) Sheet Rubber c) N330 d) ZnO xviii) High pH of carbon black results in rheometric curve of rubber compound a) increase in cure rate b) decrease in cure rate c) cure rate remain unchanged d) maximum torque increases xix) DRC of commercial NR latex is a) 40% b) 60% c) 30% d) 80% xx) Preservative used for NR latex is a) HCOOH b) Water c) Ammonia d) 6PPD (20x1=20)

PAPER 4 RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 1996

1. a) Select suitable answer from the given set: (Only write the answer for each question in the answer script not in the question paper) i) Cycle tyre cord is mainly derived from.. a) Cotton b) nylon c) rayon d) polyester ii) Tyre sidewalls are made thin because. a) For better heat dissipation b) No abrasion is needed in side wall c) For better economy d) None of these iii) The most important property requirement for rubber compound in metal to rubber bonding is a) tear resistance b) elongation at break c) tensile strength d) heat build up e) modulus iv) Incorporation of . improves metal-rubber bond strength a) clay b) plasticizer c) carbon black d) dicumyl peroxide v) Heat treatment is necessary for cord prior to be used in rubber product a) rayon b) carbon fiber c) steel d) nylon vi) For acid resistant tank lining the most suitable rubber is . a) Natural rubber b) SBR c) Nitrile d) Hypalon

vii) For stabilization of latex the usual material is a) NaCl, b) H2SO4, c) NH3 , d) CaCO3 viii) Dry bonding agent used for fabric-rubber adhesion is based on. a) Chemlok b) Hexa+resorcinol+silica c) Desmodur d) None of these ix) Air craft tyre is based on .. a) NR SBR blend b) NR BR blend c) Pure NR d) SBR BR blend x) The most widely used black for oil seal application is a) HAF b) SRF c) ISAF d) FEF 1x10=10

B) i) Bursting strength of braided hose is given by the following formula a) 3N8RSin/DL b) 0.2NSRSin/DL c) 0.2N3RSin/D d) 0.2N3RCos/DL, where each term has its usual meaning Ans: 2NRSin/DL ii) The breaking load of conveyor belt is equal to a) Sum of tensile strength of top and bottom cover compound + sum of strengths of top and bottom plies b) Strength of individual ply x number of plies c) Sum of strength of top and bottom rubber cover d) None of these iii) The usual formula for calculation of tensile strength of rubber compound is. a) Breaking load/cross sectional area at the time of breaking b) Breaking load/thickness of the sample c) Breaking load/original cross sectional area of the sample d) Load at 300% elongation/original cross sectional area iv) Neutral angle in braided hose is a) 450 b) 390 c) 600 d) 540 v) The width/height ratio in classical and wedge type V-belt are respectively a) 1.6, 1.0; b) 2.6,1.6; c) 1.6,1.2; d) 1.2, 2.1 vi) Bias angle in bias ply and radial tyres are a) 540, 900 b) 650, 450 c) 900, 450 d) 300, 900

vii) If the volume of the mould is V, then the volume of initial compound used for preparation of micro cellular rubber should be roughly a) 1.7V b) V c) 0.7V d) none of these viii) For preparation of flexible high voltage cable for 15KV power line the suitable polymer will be a) Nitrile rubber b) Butyl rubber c) XLPE d) EPR/EPDM e) PVC ix) The included angle in classical V-belt is a) 600 b) 450 c) 400 d) 540 x) Drum friction test is relevant to.. a) Tyre b) V-belt c) Hose d) Conveyor belt e) Shoe 1x10=10

PAPER- IV RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 1997

1. From these multiple choice of answers select the most appropriate answer of the followings: i) Best curing system for metal-rubber bonding should be based on: 2 3 4 5 Semi EV EV Conventional Peroxide

ii) The most suitable cord material for V-belt reinforcement is: 2 3 4 5 Nylon Polyester Rayon Cotton

iii) The tear strength is usually calculated for Crescent tear test using the formula: 1 2 3 4 Tearing load/thickness of the sample Tearing load/original cross-sectional area of the sample Tearing load/width of the sample Tearing load/final cross-sectional area of the sample

iv) Hollography is the test to evaluate 1. Shoe 2 3 4 V-belt Tyre Hose

v) Peroxide vulcanization is not recommended for: 2 3 4 5 EPDM Silicone Butyl Hypalon

vi) For coagulation of NR-latex the following material is used commercially 2 3 4 5 Sulfuric acid Calcium nitrite Acetic acid Calcium carbonate

vii) Pressure sensitive adhesive can be derived from: 2 3 4 5 SBR NBR CR Silicone rubber

viii) Thick rubber article should be cured for: 2 3 4 5 Longer time at elevated temperature Shorter time at elevated temperature Shorter time at lower temperature Longer time at lower temperature

ix) LPG (domestic gas) tubing should be made from: 2 3 4 SBR EPDM Butyl

Polychloroprene rubber

x) The reason of porosity in tyre tread is mainly due to: 2 3 4 5 Improper polymer blends Non-use of desiccant Low boiling plasticizer High dose of sulphur

xi)_ Ebonite bonding with metal is not suitable for high temperature application because: 2 3 4 5 It corrodes metal at high temperature It gets aged for faster oxidation Ebonite layer softens Ebonite gets brittle

xii) For non-intercommunicating cell structure of a sponge the right-choice of blowing agent should be 2 3 4 5 (NH4)3CO3 NaHCO3 Dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine (DNPT) Hot air

xiii) In a braided hose, if the braid angle is less than the natural angle, the hose will 2 3 4 5 Increase in diameter Increase in length Elongate in the direction 450 to the hoop force No change during service

xiv) If a latex foam collapse after vulcanization, necessary steps should be: 1 2 to reduce the gelling time to increase gelling time

3 4

to increase foaming time to increase vulcanization time

xv) Belt angle of a vulcanized radial tyre is: 1) 120-180 2) 850-900 3) 260-280 4)300-350 xvi) Hardness of ebonite is measured in the durometer scale of 2 3 4 5 Shore A Shore B Shore C Shore D

xvii) For testing flex resistance of sole of footwear the suitable apparatus is: 2 3 4 5 De-mattia flexometer Ross flexometer Scott flexometer Du-pont flexometer

xviii) Abrasion resistance is essential for 2 3 4 5 Pencil eraser Radiator hose Roller for paper mill Rice dehusking roller

xix) Trough ability test is required in 2 3 4 5 Trolley wheel Coated fabric Rail pad Conveyor belt

xx) PCI is a term related to manufacturing of 1 2 3 4 Hose Conveyor belt V-belt Tyre

PAPER- IV RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 1998

1. a) Examine the following statements and answer in yes or no i) For tyre curing, nitrogen steam cure system is better energy efficient than steam/hot water system - NO ii) Blend of EPDM and Butyl is used for tube compounds to improve the air permeability NO iii) Polyester cord has got lower elongation than nylon and hence it is held in V-belt for better longitudinal stability - YES iv) The non-cellular stock in the come Rheometer produces cure curves that are quite similar to those obtained in an oscillating disk curometer - YES v) In Mooney viscometer test rotor speed is maintained at 4rpm - NO 5X1=5 b) Fill up the blanks with correct answer: i) Hollographic Machine is used to evaluate the defect in tyres ii) XLPE Polymers exhibit high level of resistance to corona and are used in high voltage cable construction iii) Uncoated gloves are difficult to slip on the hand and for this reason the surface of household gloves is usually chlorinated to reduce friction or drag. iv) In order to achieve extreme temperature resistance, the tyre curing bladders are vulcanized using phenolic esins v) Body ply angle for vulcanized radial tyres is in the range 900 and that of Bias tyre 300 5X1=5 c) From the multiple choice answers select the most appropriate one: i) LOI is the term associated with testing of a) Tube b) Tyre c) V-belt d) Cable ii) Plunger test is carried out for testing a) hose b) shoe c) tyre d) cable iii) Shape factor of cylindrical specimen of diameter d and height h is given by a) d/h b) d/4h c) d2/h d) d2/4h iv) The property associated with change of stress with time when rubber is held under constant strain is: a) creep b) stress relaxation c) set d) fatigue v) Flex cracking test is important for: a) engine mount b) hose c) footwear d) cable

vi) Aspect ratio of modern passenger car is about: a) 100% b) 70% c) 30% d) 120% vii) Neutral angle of a hose as calculated mathematically is: a) 450 b) 540 440 c) 400 200 d) 500 viii) Heat build up of a tyre compound is measured by: a) De Mettia flexing machine b) Compression stress relaxometer c) Goodrich flexometer d) Monsanto fatigue to failure tester ix) From the relative permeability of NR, SBR and CR to gases at 250C it is observed that the considerably less permeable elastomer fs: a) NR b) SBR c) CR x) Resilience is not an arbitrary parameter but approximately related to: a) Modulus b) Loss tangent c) Stiffness d) Stress 10X1=10

PAPER- IV RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 1999

1. a) Examine the following statements and answer YES or NO i) Isocyanate does not form bond on copper surface - YES ii) Compatibility of EPDM is maximum with plasticizer having minimum aniline point - NO iii) To eliminate thick skin of Latex Foam, use mould too hot.- NO iv) Raw edge cogged belt is a variable belt - NO v) During service, a carcass of a conveyor belt breaks, but rubber cover is in tact. The reason is off-centre running - YES b) Select the right answer from the multiple choice answers: i) Mooney Scorch test is conducted as per ASTM D1646 method using large rotors and cure index is expressed currently as a) t=t18-t3 b) t=t35-t5 c) t=t35-t3 d) t=t35-t0 ii) Last is used for making a) RIM injection moulded item b) Hot water bottle c) Foot wear d) Latex dipped products iii) For steering response.. pattern is used in a tyre tread a) Lug b) Semilug c) Rib d) Mud and snow pattern iv) Drumfriction test is used for a) Shoe soles b) Tyre c) Conveyor belt d) V-belt v) Best energy efficient system of curing tyres is a) Hot water system b) Hot water/steam c) Nitrogen/steam d) Nitrogen/hot water

vi) Maximum moisture regain percentage of Nylon tyre cord is a) 8% b) 13% c) 4.5% d) 2% vii) Right roll speed ratio for fractioning fabric on a three roll calender is a) 1:1:1 b) 1:1.5:1 c) 1:1.5:1.5 d) 1:1.25:1.25 viii) Number of flights in one revolution of a screw of an extruder is known as a) Pitch b) Starts c) Lead d) Compression ratio ix) Tan is defined as a) Loss modulus/elastic modulus (E/E) b) Elastic modulus/loss modulus (E/E) c) Loss modulus /complex modulus (E/E*) d) Elastic modulus/complex modulus (E /E*) x) Aspect ratio of modern passenger car is about a) 100% b) 70% c) 30% d) 120% c) Fill up the blanks with correct answers i) PRI is a measure of resistance of raw rubber to break down during process at a temperature above 1000C and to ageing, since both are oxidative process ii) Cellular rubber is made from dry rubber with predominantly open cells is called sponge rubber iii) Efficiency of wire braiding decreases markedly as the diameter of wire increases iv) Load bearing capacity of SBR based latex foam is much inferior to that of NR latex foam and hence it is seldom used alone. v) Proof pressure test is associated with hose testing

(1x5)+(1x10)+(1x5)=20

PAPER- IV RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 2000

1. A. Select most suitable answer(s) from the given choices against each question: i) The polymeric material will be highly flammable if its LOI is a) 60 b) 48 c) 18 d) 27 ii) If a solid rubber ball is freely falling from a height x, bounce back to a height y, then the resilience of the ball can be estimated from 1-cosx 1+x x y a) b) c) d) 1+cosy 1-y y x iii) Plunger test is used for.. a) V-belt b) Tyre c) Hose d) Shoe sole iv) The reclaim rubber may be used for a) OTR b) Aero tyre c) Truck tyre d) cycle tyre v) .. cord has the best fatigue characteristics a) Aramid b) Glass c) Rayon d) Nylon vi) Behaviour of untreated nylon and polyester cords when subjected to high temperature > 1500C, a) Nylon will shrink but polyester will expand b) Both will shrink c) Both will expand d) Polyester will shrink but nylon will expand vii) The most popular mould releasing agent is. a) Silicone emulsion b) Water c) ASTM oil No.3 d) Paraffinic oil viii) Factice is widely used in a) Conveyor belt b) Shoe soles c) Oil resistant hose d) Eraser ix) The most suitable combination of rubber and filler for mineral acid tank lining a) NR and Calcium carbonate

b) Hypalon and Barium sulfate c) SBR and Calcium hydroxide d) Polybutadiene and Barium sulfate x) Carona resistance is a term related to a) Tyre b) Latex thread c) Cable d) Hose xi) Round wire of high tensile carbon steel in the size ranges of 4.5-22 mm in diameter is widely used a) in the body of large size hoses for crush resistance and dimensional stability b) in braided or spiraled hose for high pressure service c) as helically wound reinforcement on the interior of rough bore suction hoses to prevent collapse d) as an armour protective spiral wrap around the hose xii) Neutral angle of a hose as calculated mathematically is a) 450 b) 540 440 c) 400 200 d) 500 xiii) Halography is used to evaluate a) shoe b) V-belt c) tyre d) hose xiv) Heat build up of tyre compound is measured by a) De Mattia Flexing Machine b) Goodrich Flexometer c) Rubber process analyzer d) Fatigue to failure tester xv) Aspect ration (%) of a modern passenger car tyre is a) 120 b) 100 c) 90 d) 65 (1x15) B. Examine the following statements and answer yes or no i) Shorter cure times at higher temperature are possible with steam compared to hot air in open vulcanization of rubber articles - NO ii) PBNA type of antioxidant should not be used in rubber compound for V-belt if polyester is used as reinforcement - NO iii) Conveyor belt carcass reinforcement is usually made up of plies of square woven fabric YES iv) A rough metal surface can cause excessive wear of dynamic seals, which may result in premature leakage - YES v) Ozone exists only between 50C and 540C - YES (1x5)

PAPER- IV RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 2001

1. A. State if the following statements are true or false: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Permittivity is same as dielectric constant (T) Heat build up is maximum for coarse grain carbon black (F) Ply rating refers to actual number of cord plies in a tyre (F) Peel test is referred to as one plate method (T) Hardness can be assumed to be a close measure of stiffness as both are stress-strain relationship.(T) (5) B. Give the correct answer from the alternatives given against each question I) Most automobile engine seals are made of: i) HNBR ii) Fluorocarbon elastomer iii) NBR iv) Silicone rubber II) Dunlop process is associated with the manufacture of i) Tyre ii) Foam iii) Sole iv) Tennis ball III) The term sample is often misunderstood in rubber testing. ASTM standard D1566 define sample as: i) A piece of material appropriately shaped and prepared so that it is ready to use for test ii) The portion or unit(s) selected to represent a lot of material iii) A small part of the material that is actually tested after proper preparation iv) None of the above IV) Infrared spectrophotometry, pyrolysis and gas chromatography are often used in analytical laboratory to determine; i) Tensile strength of a rubber compound or product ii) The identification of the type of rubber in a compound iii) Processability of a rubber compound iv) None of the above

V) The stiffness of a vulcanizate cannot be measured by: i) Youngs modulus ii) Stress at a special elongation iii) Durometer iv) Tensile strength VI) The most useful criterion for judging the durability of a vulcanizate is: i) The tensile strength after heat aging ii) The difference in ultimate elongation before and after heat aging iii) The hardness after heat aging iv) The difference in tensile strength before and after heat aging VII) In addition to excellent resistance to heat and humidity, aramid is well-known for its i) Superior strength and modulus ii) Very good compressive properties iii) Outstanding resistance to shear fatigue iv) None of the above VIII) Denier is: i) Length in numbers of 840-yards of material per pound ii) Length in numbers 100-yards of materials per pound iii) Weight in grams of materials per 1000 meters iv) Weight in grams of materials per 9000 meters IX) The major function of the carcass plies in a pneumatic tire is to: i) Impart strength and contain growth ii) Provide rigidity and retain an inflated tire on the rim iii) Brace the tread and maintain tread profile of an inflated tire iv) None of the above X) Molded goods with irregular shape and complex configuration are most likely made by: i) Compression molding ii) Transfer molding or injection molding iii) Bladder molding iv) None of the above XI) Peroxide vulcanization is not recommended for: i) EPDM ii) Silicone rubber iii) Butyl rubber iv) Hypalon XII) For non-intercommunication cell structure of a sponge the right choice of blowing agent should be: i) (NII4) 2 CO3 ii) NaHCO3 iii) Dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine (DNPT)

iv) Hot air XIII) In a braided hose, if the braid angle is less than the neutral angle, the hose will: i) Increase in diameter ii) Increase in length iii) Elongate in the direction 450 to the hoop force iv) No change during service XIV) For stabilization of latex the useful material is: i) NaCl2 ii) H2SO4 iii) NH3 IV) CaCO3 XV) Dry bonding agent used for fabric rubber adhesion is based on: i) Chemlok ii) HMT+Resorcinol+Silica iii) Isocyanate iv) None of the above (1x15=15)

PAPER IV YEAR 2002 RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION

1. (a) Select the most suitable answer from the multiple choices for each question i) The most suitable elastomer for tyre curing bas a) Silicone b) EPDM c) BR d) IIR ii) EPDM is blended with Butyl rubber for tube compound to improve a) Air impermeability b) Heat resistance c) Tensile strength d) Ozone resistance iii) In Mooney Viscometer rotor speed is a) 2 revolution/min b) 100 revolution/min c) 4 revolution/min d) 30 oscillation/min iv) Land and sea these two terms are associated with the following product a) Rubber boat b) Car tyre c) Mining conveyor belt d) Merine hose v) Heat build up of rubber compound can be measured using a) De Mettia Flexometer b) Goodrich flexometer c) Calorimeter d) Compression stress relaxometer vi) Among four given materials the best fire resistant one has LOI value a) 10 b) 21 c) 26 d) 32 vii) Carona resistance should be measured for a) Cable b) Tyre c) V-belt d) Hose

viii) A solid ball is allowed to fall from a height 4 ft. and it bounces back to a height of 3 ft., then the resilience of the ball material is 1-Cos 3 3 1-Cos a) b) 75% c) 4/3 d) x 1-Cos 4 4 1-Cos ix) Dry bonding agent is used to enhance a) Fabric to rubber bonding b) Metal to rubber bonding c) Metal to plastic bonding d) Fabric to plastic bonding x) For oil seal the most important property is a) Resilience b) Elongation at break c) Tensile strength d) Compression set xi) Aspect Ratio of tyre refers to a) Section height width b) Section widthheight c) Section heightrim diameter d) None of the above xii) Shape factor of a cylindrical specimen of diameter d and height h is given by a) d/h b) d/4h c) d2/h d) d2/4h xiii) The most suitable cord material for V-belt reinforcement is a) Nylon b) Polyester c) Cotton d) None of the above xiv) Neutral angle of a hose as calculated mathermatically is a) 450 b) 540 44 c) 500 d) 400 xv) M-24 conveyor belt means a) It is flame resistant (surface) belt b) It is heat resistant belt c) Its cover rubber tensile strength is 24 MN/m2 minimum d) None of the above

(b) State if the following statements are true or false xvi) Square woven fabrics are used for conveyor belt carcass reinforcement (T) xvii) Singlet oxygen is more reactive than ground state oxygen (T) xviii) The introduction of Polybutadiene rubber into a tread compound lowers the wet grip (T) xix) Post cure inflation is done for nylon tyres to overcome post-moulding cord shrinkage (T) xx) When open steam pan vulcanization is employed, steam should have a low dryness fraction (F) 20x1=20

YEAR 2003 RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION PAPER IV

1. From the given multiple choice of answers select the most appropriate answer of the followings: i) The best curing system for metal-rubber bonding should be based on: a) Semi EV b) EV c) Conventional d) Peroxide ii) The most suitable cord material for V-belt reinforcement is: a) Nylon b) Polyester c) Rayon d) Cotton iii) Aspect ratio of modern passenger car tyre is about a) 30% b) 70% c) 100% d) 120% iv) Hollography is the test to evaluate a) Shoe b) V-belt c) Tyre d) Hose v) Peroxide vulcanization is not recommended for: a) EPDM b) Silicone c) Butyl d) Hypalon vi) Up-side-down mixing method is efficient and effective for those compounds containing a) a large volume of liquid plasticizers and large particle size fillers b) a high Mooney viscosity rubber irrespective of the volume of plasticisers and fillers c) a small volume of liquid plasticisers and fine particle size fillers in large volumes d) a high structure, fine particle size carbon black in large volumes vii) A common and often overlooked cause of poor dispersion and scorchiness is a) specific gravity of the stock is very low b) batch size too large c) dump temperature too low d) green strength of the stock is too low viii) Thick rubber article should be cured for: a) Longer time at elevated temperature b) Shorter time at elevated temperature c) Shorter time at lower temperature d) Longer time at lower temperature ix) LPG (domestic gas) tubing should be made from:

a) SBR b) EPDM c) Butyl d) Polychloroprene rubber x) The reason of porosity in tyre tread is mainly due to: b) Improper polymer blends c) Non-use of desiccant d) Low boiling plasticiser e) High dose of sulphur xi) Properties given by Nylon as a reinforcing agent in a rubber product are b) low elongation and low shrinkage c) high strength and good resistance to flex fatigue d) high modulus and good dimensional stability e) high modulus and low elongation xii) Steel is often selected as a preferred tire belt material because b) its specific gravity is high c) it is strong, flexible and elastic d) it bonds very well to other components of a tire e) it offers excellent resistance to compressive bending and puncture xiii) In testing repeatability signifies b) the degree of agreement in test results that can be expected from a test method carried out by one experienced operator with a single set of instruments under essentially standard laboratory condition c) the degree of variation observed among laboratories testing the same material under essentially standard laboratory conditions d) the validity of the test results e) none of the above xiv) Flex cracking resistance of shoe soles is tested by a) De Mattia flexing machine b) Goodrich flexometer c) Ross flexing machine d) Stress relaxometer xv) The property associated with change of stress with time when rubber is held under constant strain is a) Creep b) Set c) Strain relaxation d) Fatigue xvi) Hardness of ebonite is measured in the durometer scale of a) Shore A b) Shore B c) Shore C d) Shore D xvii) Rubber compound used in hot water bottle moulded by putting metal former inside must have b) Low modulus

c) High hot tear strength d) High tensile strength e) Low heat build up xviii) During skim-coating in a 3-roll calender b) the middle and bottom rolls run at even surface speed c) all the three rolls run at different surface speeds d) the surface speed of the bottom roll is faster than that of the middle roll e) none of the above xix) Trough ability test is required in a) Trolley wheel b) Coated fabric c) Rail pad d) Conveyor belt xx) PCI is a term related to the manufacturing of a) Hose b) Conveyor belt c) V-belt d) Tyre (1x20=20)

PAPER IV RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 2004

1.A. From the multiple choice of answers, select the most appropriate answer to the following questions (each question carries 1 mark) i) Ross Flexometer is used to evaluate a) Tear strength b) Cut growth c) Resilience d) Heat build up ii) Shearography is the test to evaluate a) Hose b) Tyres c) Dock fender d) Sponge rubber iii) The wet traction of tyre tread compound can be correlated to Tan value at a temperature of a) 600C b) 00C c) 250C d) 1000C iv) Corona discharge is the flow of electrical energy from a conductor of what potential to the surrounding air? a) Normal b) Very low c) High d) Medium v) In rubber industry p-Toluene Sulphohydrazide is used as a: a) Surface active agent b) Blowing agent c) Curing agent d) Accelerator vi) The typical specified clearance of brand new 8 Screw Hot feed extruder is: a) .008 b) .004 c) .010

d) .016 vii) The lateral force co-efficient of a tyre at a particular degree slip angle is called cornering coefficient. What is the angle? a) 50 b) 30 c) 10 d) 60 viii) Preferred polymer for better-wet grip property is a) SBR b) NR c) NR-SBR blend d) BR ix) Which is very specific operation in automotive tube manufacturing? a) Frictioning b) Splicing c) Dipping d) Braiding x) In rubber gloves manufacturing chlorinating is done mainly to function a) As an anti-allergent b) As a detackifier c) For a silky smooth finish d) All the above xi) Compared to Bias tyres, Radial tyres are having a) Less fuel efficiency b) Better mileage c) Better high speed performance d) Both (b) and (c) xii) Preferred polymer for hoses that carry refrigerant is a) EPDM b) NR c) IIR d) NBR xiii) Tangent Delta is the ratio of a) Storage modulus/loss modulus b) Loss modulus/storage modulus c) Loss modulus/complex modulus d) Complex modulus/loss modulus

xiv) The neutral angle associates with hose design is a) 550440 b) 440540 c) 540440 d) 440550 xv) Which instrument is used for measuring Visco-elastic properties? a) Good rich Flexometer b) Pico-abrader c) Rheovibron d) Fatigue to failure test B. State whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE (each question carries 1 mark) i) Low unsaturation grades of butyl rubber vulcanizates have maximum ozone resistance (T) ii) In the Anionic Dipping process, the base former is first dipped in the latex compound and then dipped into the coagulant (F) iii) The melting point of Nylon 6,6 is lower than that of Nylon 6 (F) iv) The spring constant of a Radial tyre is lower than that of Bias tyre (F) v) In two compounds, if the sulphur levels are kept same, the compound with Mercapto Benzo Thiazole (MBT) accelerator provides superior ageing resistance compared to the compound containing sulphenamide accelerator (T) (5x1=5)

PAPER IV RUBBER PRODUCT MANUFACTURING AND THEIR EVALUATION YEAR 2005

1. Select most appropriate answer/s from the given choice: i) Heat treatment is necessary for------------------cord prior to be used in rubber products a) Rayon b) Glass c) Carbon fiber d) Steel e) Nylon ii) Iron is not selected as cable conductor because it has a) Poor fatigue resistance conductivity b) Density is very high c) Inferior electrical d) It gets rushed easily e) Poor thermal conductivity iii) Silane coupling agent is used in cable insulating compound to improve a) Tensile strength and heat build up b) Overall mechanical and wet electrical properties c) Dielectric constant and loss factor d) Heat resistance and electrical resistance e) Flame and fire resistance iv) The most suitable reinforcing cords for wedge tyre V-belt and positive drive belt are respectively a) Steel cord and aramid cord b) Polyester cord and glass cord c) Nylon cord and polyester cord d) Rayon cord and nylon cord e) Glass cord and polyester cord v) The highest voltage up to which paper insulated cable can be used a) 12 kV b) 33 kV c) 66kV d) 166kV

vi) For extra high voltage cable insulation the material should have dielectric constant, loss tangent and de-resistivity (ohm-cm) respectively a) 7, 07, 107 b) 1, 0.001, 1014 c) 13, 01, 109 d) 125, 100, 1010 e) 2.4, 0.0002, 1017 vii) Nylon is not suitable for reinforcement of a) Conveyor belt b) Hose c) Belt of radial tyre d) Carcass of truck tyre viii) Aspect ratio (SH/SW) of conventional V-belt and wedge type V-belt should be respectively a) 1.6,1.2 b) 0.16, 0.18 c) 0.6, 0.8 d) 0.8, 0.6 e) 1.2, 1.6 ix) Outer cover and inner tube of a oil field hose should be respectively a) MQ, CIIR b) MQ & BIIR c) CR & NBR d) CR & SBR x) Product, which may undergo tensile failure a) Tyre b) Conveyor belt c) Rubber band d) V-belt xi) Armour is a component of a) V-belt b) Radial tyre c) Cable d) Hose xii) Jacketless V-belt is superior to Jacketed V-belt in respect of a) Strength b) Wedging action c) Lower diameter of pulley d) Better dimensional stability xiii) Pneumatic tyre has been invented by a) John B Dunlop b) Charles Goodyear c) Thomas Hancock d) None of the above xiv) For tubeless tyres, air is carried by a) Tread base b) Side wall c) Breaker d) Inner liner xv) For a compound, tan value at 600 gives an idea about a) Tear strength

b) Abrasion resistance c) Rolling resistance d) Wet traction xvi) RFL treatment is carried out for a) Enhancing rubber to textile bonding b) Lowering of Mooney viscosity of a compound c) Minimize degradation of a rubber compound d) Devulcanisation of rubber compound xvii) Denier for a yarn is defined as a) Weight in grams for 9000 metre of fabric b) Weight in grams for 900 metre of fabric c) Weight in grams for 90 metre of fabric d) Weight in grams for 1000 metre of fabric xviii) Which of the following operation is not associated with tyre manufacturing? a) Calendering b) Extrusion c) Dipping d) Braiding xix) High styrene resin is used in a) Hose b) Conveyor belt c) Shoe sole d) Cable xx) Peel test is associated with a) Adhesion property b) Tensile property c) Visco-elastic property d) Electrical property (1x20=20)

INDIAN RUBBER INSTITUTE KARNATAKA BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS TO POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN RUBBER TECHNOLOGY (PGD-IRI & DIRI ) STUDENTS FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS A GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAINTAINING PRACTICAL RECORD BOOK
1. Record the experiments in a BOUND PRACTICAL RECORD BOOK, which contains plain page and ruled page on either side. 2. The first page of the book shall contain the INDEX. List of the experiments, page number, and experiment number, title of the experiment, date of start and finish of the experiment. 3. The record book shall contain a label on the cover page indicating the Membership number of the branch Name of the student Title of the course and the year Subject matter of the book.
B GUIDELINES TO PGD-IRI STUDENTS FOR WRITING THE PRACTICAL NOTE BOOK

Each experiment conducted shall be recorded in the book in a systematic manner, as mentioned below:1. Introduction of the Experiment: Write definition and the aim of the experiment and the method approached. 2. Procedure of the Experiment: Write the procedure followed including the steps followed and observations in detail. 3. Tabulation: Neatly tabulate the readings on the left side of the record book. 4. Calculations: The left side of the book shall contain the formula used and all the calculations carried our in solving the problem. Sketches: All the sketches of the experiment or the equipments used and are to be drawn neatly by using pencil only. 5. Conclusions: Conclusions are to be drawn at the end of the test based on the observations. 6. Attach all the graph sheets to the record book which were used in recording the date while Conducting the experiments. (Ex: Rheograph, Viscometer graph, etc.,) 7. After the completion of the experiments, the record book should be certified by the concerned

Department head from where the experiments are conducted.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR PGD-IRI COURSE CARRY OUR 20 EXPERIMENTS FOR THE LIST OF TESTS AS GIVEN BELOW:A. RAW POLYMER TESTING:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Identification of unknown raw polymer (qualitative analysis) Determination of dirt content of NR Determination of mooney viscosity (ML1+4 @ 100 Degree Celcius) Determination of ash content Determination of specific gravity of polymer Determination of moisture content

B. RUBBER INGREDIENTS TESTING:

7. Melting point for wax and resins 8. Moisture content test for black & non-black fillers or chemicals 9. Ash content test for black and non-black fillers or chemicals 10. Sieve residue for non-black fillers 11. Softening point for resins 12. Boiling point and flash point for solvents 13. Carbon black testing DBP absorption Iodine number Specific gravity
C. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:

14. Determination of acetone extract 15. Determination of chloroform extract 16. Determination of volume fraction of cured rubber by Equilibrium swelling method 17. Determination of total sulphur and free sulphur content
D. TESTING OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX:

18. Total solid content test (% TSC) 19. Dry rubber content test (% DRC) 20. Alkalinity test 21. Mechanical stability test 22. Determination of KOH number 23. Determination of viscosity of latex by using Brookefield viscometer 24. Preparation of emulsion/dispersion for latex compounds 25. Preparation of latex foam 26. Preparation of dipped latex goods (Gloves or balloons etc.,)

E. RUBBER PROCESSING AND VULCANIZATE TESTINGS:

27. Masticate NR on mixing mill and study the effect of peptizer on plasticity using Wallace Rapid Plastometer (PRI index) 28. To study the mixing behaviour of NR, BR, IIR and CR on lab mixing mill and write your observations and conclusions 29. Mix a compound (of your own recipe) and test the following physical properties of vulcanizate. a. Tensile strength b. Elongation at break c. Modulus d. Hardness 30. Evaluate the curing characteristics of a compound on Rheometer to determinea. Initial viscosity b. Minimum viscosity c. Scorch time d. Maximum torque e. Optimum cure time f. Reversion time g. 31. Study the effect of Antioxidants/Antiozonants and physical properties of a vulcanizate by performing ageing test. 32. Determination of tear resistance of a rubber vulcanizate (by using a tensile tester) 33. Determination of abrasion index of a compound (Din/Cyrdon abrader) 34. Evaluate the heat build up characteristics of a NR/PBD compound (using Goodrich Flexometer) 35. Determination of flex and crack growth resistance of a rubber vulcanizate (using Demattia/Rose flex tester 36. Determination of compression set.