University of California at Berkeley Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Structural Engineering Mechanics & Materials Spring 2012

Student name :__________________________

Comprehensive Examination in Dynamics Problem 1. A = 100kg wooden block is supported by a spring of stiffness = 10kN/m. A 0 = 0.1kg bullet is fired at a velocity of = 20m/s into the block and becomes embedded in the block. Determine the resulting motion () of the block.
() = 20m/s 0

Student name:__________________________________ Problem 2. A 2-story building with rigid floors has the modal frequencies and mode shapes 1 = 0.765

rad/s, 2 = 1.848

rad/s, 1 =

1 , 2

2 =

1 2

The building is subjected to an earthquake ground motion described by the psuedoacceleration response spectrum shown below. Determine the base shear of the building for / = 100s 2 .
/2

Pseudo-acceleration,

1 = (0.5)/

, sec

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY SPRING SEMESTER 2011

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Materials

Name:

M.S. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION: DYNAMICS Lets take a look at a reactor building at the Fukushima Daichi nuclear power plant.

Problem 1
A two-story frame is used to model the reactor building. Note the distribution of masses (m vs. 8m) that reect the weight of the spent fuel pool. The building has the following properties: m = 5kip sec2 /in, k = 100kips/in. The reactor containment structure is considered to be rigid at this stage of the analysis. There is a gap sized between the containment structure and the spent fuel pool. A pseudo-acceleration design spectrum given in the gure is derived from the 2011 Great Tohoku earthquake records. 1. Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the reactor building. 2. Using an appropriate modal combination rule, determine the smallest size of the gap req such that pounding does not occur given the design spectrum. Justify your choice of the modal combination rule.

m u1 2k A/g 1.0 2k 0.90/T 0.3 6k 0.3 0.9 T(sec)

u2

4m 6k

4m

Problem 2
The containment vessel and the suppression pool structure is sitting on soil. The structure is modeled using a rigid weight W supported by massless rigid bars. The foundation of the structure is modeled using two symmetrically positioned springs whose axial stiness is k and a pin support, as shown. The aspect ratio h/b = 1. There are no dampers. Assume deections are small. Neglect only the rotational inertia of the weight, but account for its translation inertia. 1. Determine the natural frequency n of this system. Neglect the action of gravity. 2. Compute the value of the weight Wcr that would cause the system to buckle. By denition, Wcr is the largest possible weight the structure can support in static equilibrium when deected from its vertical position by a small angle . Include the eect of gravity. 3. Determine the natural frequency gn of this system. Include the eect of gravity. Show that: W Wcr

gn = n 1

rigid bar

W rigid bar k k h

Name: ________________________ University of California at Berkeley Civil and Environmental Engineering Structural Engineering, Mechanics & Materials Spring Semester 2009

Comprehensive Examination in Dynamics

Use the pseudo-acceleration response spectrum shown to the right for problems 1 through 3. 1. If an elastic single degree-of-freedom structure has a period of 0.5 seconds, by how much would you have to change its stiffness to reduce displacement by 30%? Mass is held constant.
Sa=(0.5g)/T

2. A two-story shear building has a first mode shape of (1.0, 0.4) and a first mode period of 0.5 sec. Both floors weigh 30 kips. Assume the structure remains elastic. Only the first mode need be considered. a. What is the base shear for the structure? b. What is the expected roof displacement? c. Many building codes say: The analysis shall include a sufficient number of modes to obtain a combined modal mass participation of at least 90 percent of the actual mass. Does the single mode analysis in part asatisfy this requirement? 3. Considering the structure in Problem 2, is (1.0, -0.5) acceptable as a second mode shape? Justify your answer. 4. You are to analyze a multiple degree of freedom, viscously damped, elastic mechanical system. It is subjected to a harmonic excitation that lasts for a substantial period of time compared to the first natural period of the structure. If you will use a modal analysis method to estimate peak responses, what modal combination procedure would you recommend (square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), complete quadratic combination (CQC), sum of absolute values, etc.)? Briefly justify your answer.

Name: ________________________ University of California at Berkeley Civil and Environmental Engineering Structural Engineering, Mechanics & Materials Spring Semester 2008

Comprehensive Examination in Dynamics

Consider the pseudo-spectral acceleration response spectrum shown to the right when a spectrum is needed in your solutions of the following problems. 1. What is the period To where the spectrum transitions from constant acceleration to constant velocity?
Sa=(0.5g)/T

2. If a single degree-of-freedom elastic structure has a period of 2 seconds, by how much would you have to change its stiffness to reduce displacement by 30%? Mass is held constant.

3. A two-story structure has a first mode shape of (1.0, 0.4) and a first mode period of 0.5 sec. Both floors weigh 25 kips. Assume the structure remains elastic. Only the first mode need be considered. a. What is the base shear for the structure? b. What is the maximum interstory drift?

4. Considering the structure in problem 2, is a second mode shape equal to (1.0, -0.4) be acceptable? Justify your answer.

Name: ________________________

5. When would one generally use CQC rather than SRSS methods to combine modal maximum responses computed to estimate the elastic response of a multiple degree-of-freedom elastic structure?

6. When might explicit step-by-step integration methods such as the Central Difference Method be preferable than implicit methods such as the Average Acceleration Method?

7. Many contend that for earthquake response analyses only the first few modes need to be considered to estimate elastic response maxima? Give two examples where higher modes may have a significant contribution to response.