Sound waves longitudinal, mechanical wave, exists as variations of pressure in a medium.

. Can be created by vibration of an object which causes the surround air to vibrate. 3 characteristics to describe sound waves: 1.) Wavelength () crest of one wave to the next. 2.) Frequency (f) no. of waves that pass a point per second. 3.) Amplitude (a) measure of amount of energy. Crest highest point of the wave. Trough lowest point of the wave. Transverse wave Direction of particle is up/down while the direction of the wave is horizontal. Direction is perpendicular to the particle. Longitudinal wave sound direction of particle is parallel to the direction of the wave. Compression = Crest Rarefaction = Trough

Amplitude modulation = longer , lower f Frequency modulation = higher f, shorter

Where; V=velocity of sound wave f=frequency =wavelength Closed-pipe = 4L Open-pipe= 2L Grad cylinder: =4[L+0.3D] L=length of air column D=diameter Sound and temperature: V = 331m/s + 0.6 T