Forces, Resultant Between Two Forces, Resolution

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Mr . Sherif Yehia Al Maraghy https://twitter.com/Mr_Sherif_yehia
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Static 3
rd
secondary Chapter One Forces - 1 -
Vectors
2
3
4
1
We can write : BA - AB And AC - CA ........ = =
Static
It deals with the bodies when they are at rest
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction

Name Symbol Direction Magnitude
Line segment
AB
No Yes
Ray
AB
Yes No
Straight line
AB
No No
Vector
AB
Yes Yes
So , vector is a physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction .
Shapes of vectors
1
st
shape : we can write vector as ( a , b ) 2
nd
shape : we can write vector as a i + b j
So for example : F = ( 2 , 3 ) means F =2 i + 3 j and vector ( -4 , -1 ) means -4 i j

This is called the position vector for any point
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note :

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Static 3
rd
A
B
C
AB BC AC
is the same as :
AC BA BC ...... Why ?
AC AB BC So AB BC AC
+ =
+ =
= + =
A
M
O
P
B
N
C
Q
D
Express OC, AB,QCand QN in terms of and a b
Addition of vectors

we can add vectors using the triangle law of addition

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example

OACB is a parallelogram , the points P , Q , M and N
are the mid points of the sides
OA and OB = = a b

Answer
OC OA AC OA OB = + = + = + a b
AB AO OB -OA OB - = + = + = + a b

1 1
QC OP OB
2 2
= = = b

1 1
QN QC CN
2 2
= + = b a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
length of vectors Norm

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
if A x , y Then A x y is the length of vector A .
And it is denoted by norm A
Example : If A 3 ,-4 Then the norm length of A = 3 4 5
= = +
= + =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1
F
2
F
R
o
u
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
2
1 2
R F F 2F F cos
R F F 2F F Cos
Where : R : The resultant force
: The angle between the two forces
Where 0 180
The direction of the resultant :
F Sin
Tan = , Where is the
F F Cos
o
o
o
o
o
u u
o
= + +
= + +
s s
+
angle between R and the first force
o
1 1 2 2 2 1
o
2 1 2 1 2
1 2 2 2
1 2
1 2
2
When = 90 : If R F F F Cos 0 Or If R F F F Cos 0
Proof
F Sin F F Cos F F Cos
Tan = Cot = Cot 90 =
F F Cos F Sin F Sin
F F Cos
0 = F F Cos 0
F Sin
u o o
o o o
u u
o o o
o
o
o
+ = + =
+ +

+
+
+ =
Chapter one forces
Definition : A force is an action of a body on another body to change or try to change the
state of the 2
nd
body :

Each force is denoted by an arrow ( )

The unit of force :

Forces have more than one unit : we can say Newton Or Kg . wt Or gm . wt Or Dyne
Where
5
Dyne 10 newton
= B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resultant force R
The resultant force of two or more forces is a single force has the same effects as the two or
more forces .

How to find the resultant force between Two forces
Rule:

Very important remark


Static 3
rd
1
F
2
F
2 o
2 o
2
F
R
1
F
R 2FCos
2
o
=
1
F =
2
F F =
1
F
2
F
2
F
1
F
R
o
Then 90 o =
u
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2
1
1
R F F R F F
F
Tan , where is the measure angle between R and F
F
u u
= + = +
=
1
F
2
F
1
F
2
F
R
1
F
2
F
1
F
2
F
o
180
o
180 o =
Special Cases

(1) If and are equal in magnitude where :

Where : : The angle between the two forces
2
o
u =
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) If :

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3)If the two forces and have the same line action and the same direction ,
o
0 o =

Then:

1 2
R F F = + Maximum magnitude of R and R has the same line action and in the same
direction.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4)If the two forces and have the same line action But in opposite directions

Then :

1 2
R F F = Minimum magnitude of R and R has the same line action and in the
direction of the greatest force.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
o
30
F
4 3
F
o
30
o
for Two equal forces :
R 2FCos 4 3 2FCos 30
2
3
4 3 2F F 4 kg .wt
2
= =
= =
15N
36 N R
u
Example (1)
Two forces their magnitude are 16 and 14 Newton acting at a particle and the measure angle
between them is
o
60 . find their resultant in magnitude and direction .

Answer

1
F =16 N
2
F =14 N
o
60 o =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 o
1 2 1 2
o
2
o
1 2
1 o
Resultant :
R F F 2F F Cos R 16 14 2 16 14 Cos60 26N
Direction :
F Sin 14 Sin60
Tan Tan 0.5271
F F Cos 16 14Cos60
Tan 0.5271 27 48'
o
o
u u
o
u

= + + = + + =
= = =
+ +
= =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
Two orthogonal forces acting at a particle , their magnitude are 36 and 15 gm . wt , find the
magnitude and direction of their resultant

Answer

1
F =36 gm.wt
2
F =15 gm.wt
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
1 2
2
1
1 o
for Two Orthogonal forces :
R F F R 36 15 39 gm.wt
Direction:
F 15
Tan Tan 0.4167
F 36
Tan 0.4167 29 37'
u u
u

= + = + =
= = =
= =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)
The magnitude of the resultant of two equal forces is 4 3 Kg . wt , if the measure of the
angle between the resultant and one of the forces is 30 , Then find the two forces .
Answer

1
F =
2
F =F
o
30
2
o
u = = R = 4 3


Static 3
rd
Example (4)
o
1 2
o
If the angle between the two forces F and F is 90 , Then their resultant is 2 37 Dyne.
And if the angle is 60 , Then their resultant is 2 43 Dyne , find the magnitude of each
force , find also the largest and the smallest resultant of these two forces .

Answer
( )
o
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
( 1) for Two Perpendicular forces " 90 " :
R F F 2 37 F F F F 148 ( 1)
o =
= + = + + =

( )
( )
=
= + + = + +
| |
= + + + + =
|
\ .
+ = = =
=
o
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1
2
( 2 ) When" 60 " :
R F F 2F F Cos 2 43 F F 2F F Cos60
1
172 F F 2F F F F F F 172 ( 2 )
2
Substitute (1) in (2) : 148 F F 172 F F 172 148 24
24
F 3
F
Substitute (3) in (1)
o
o
( )( )
| |
+ = + =
|
\ .
+ = + =
=
= =
= =
= =
= + = + =
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 2 4 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
:
24 576
F 148 F 148 " F "
F F
576 F 148F F 148F 576 0
F 144 F 4 0
F 144 Or F 4
F 12 Dyne F 2 Dyne
F 2 Dyne F 12 Dyne
Then the maximum resultant is R F F 12 2 14 dyne
Then the minimum = = =
1 2
resultant is R F F 12 2 2 dyne

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
( ) ( ) ( )( )( )
1 o o
2 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
22 22
Tan Tan 77 11' Cos 77 11' 0.22162
5 5
R F F 2F F Cos R 10 9 2 10 9 0.22162 14.86 N
o o
o
= = = =
= + + = + + =
15 kg.wt
18 kg.wt
o
30
( ) ( ) ( )( )
o
1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2
o
o
2
o
1 2
1
F 15kg .wt F 18kg .wt 120
Resultant :
R F F 2F F Cos
R 15 18 2 15 18 Cos120 16.7kg .wt
Direction :
F Sin 18 Sin120
Tan Tan 2.598
F F Cos 15 18Cos120
Tan 2.598
o
o
o
u u
o
u

= = =
= + +
= + + =
= = =
+ +
= =
o
68 56'
( ) ( ) ( )( )
o o o
2 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2
1 2
3 -4 3
Tan 36 52' Add 180 143 7' Cos And Sin
4 5 5
-4
R F F 2F F Cos R 12 15 2 12 15 9 Newton
5
3
15
F sin 9
5
Tan ( undifined ) m( ) 90
-4
F F cos 12 12
12 15
5
o o o o o
o
o
u u
o
= = = = =
| |
= + + = + + =
|
\ .
= = = Z =
+
+
Example (5)
Find the resultant of two forces 10 and 9 Newton act at a point and the angle between them
Is o where
22
Tan
5
o =
Answer
1
F =10 N
2
F =9 N and 0 180 o s s

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
Two forces of magnitude 12 and 15 Newton are applied to a point and the tangent of the
3
angle between them is , Find the resultant of the two forces and the measure of its angle
4
of inclination on t
he first force .

Answer

1
F =12 N
2
F =15 N and o must be 0 180 o s s

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (7)
o
Two forces act at a point , the first force is 15 kg . wt and acts towards the east , the second
force is 18 kg . wt and makes an angle 30 west of north . find their resultant and direction .

Answer


Static 3
rd
F kg.wt
4kg.wt
o
120
( )
o
1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 o
2 2 2 2
1 2
o o
1 2
F 4kg .wt F Fkg .wt 120
( a ) When R F :
R F F 2F F Cos
F 16 F 2 4 FCos120
F 16 F 4F 4F 16 F F 16 F 4 kg .wt
( b ) When R F : F F and F 4 kg .wt
90 Cot 90 0 F F Cos 0
o
o
u o
= = =
=
= + +
= + +
= + = + = =
= =
= = + =
o
o
2
1 2
o
o o o
o
F 4 Cos120 0
1
F 4 0 F 2 kg .wt
2
( c ) When 45 :
F Sin
Tan
F F Cos
4Sin120
Tan 45 F 4Cos120 4Sin120
F 4Cos120
F 2 2 3 F 2 2 3 kg .wt
( d ) When R bisects the angle between the two forces :
Then the two for
u
o
u
o
+ =
= =
=
=
+
= + =
+
= = +
ces are equal to each other F 4 kg .wt =
R
1
F F kg.wt =
o
30
R
4 kg.wt
Example (8)
The magnitude of two forces are 4 and F kg. wt. act at a point , and the angle between them
Is 120 . find F in each of the following cases :

(a) R = F ( where R is the resultant of the two forces )
(b) R F
(c) The angle between R and F is 45.
(d) R bisects the angle between the two forces.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
1
F
o
120
R
2
F
2
F
R 3
o
60
( )
o
2 2 2 o
1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
o
2
2
2 2 o
1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
( 1) When 120 :
R F F 2F F Cos120
R F F F F ( 1)
( 2 ) When F is in the opposite direction " 60 ":
R 3 F F 2F F Cos60
3R F F F F ( 2 )
Substitute (1) in (2)
o
o
=
= + +
= +
=
= + +
= + +
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
2
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
o o o
3 F F F F F F F F
3F 3F 3F F F F F F 2F 4F F 2F 0 " 2"
F 2F F F 0 F F 0 F F
The resultant in the first case to the resultant in the second case 60 30 90
+ = + +
+ = + + + =
+ = = =
= + =
o
60
o
60
o
30
o
30
Example (9)
The difference in magnitude between two forces , acting at a point is 9 gm. Wt . and their
Resultant is 21 gm. wt. Find the two forces and the angle between them , if their resultant is
perpendicular on the smallest one.
Answer
Let the two forces be F and ( F 9 ) + gm wt.
,
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
R F Cot 0 F F Cos 0 F F 9 Cos 0
F
Cos ( 1)
F 9
And R 21 21 F ( F 9 ) 2F( F 9 )Cos 2
From ( 1) and ( 2 ) and by substitution
441 F ( F 9 ) 2F 441 F F 18F 81 2F 18F 81
18F 360
u o o
o
o
= + = + + =
=
+
= = + + + +
= + + = + + + = +
= F 20 gm. wt
The magnitude of the two forces are 20 , 29 gm. wt.
F 20
Cos 133 36`
F 9 29
o o
=

= = =
+

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (10)
1 2
o
2
F and F are two forces act at a point , their resultant is R gm . wt when the angle between
them is 120 and their resultant becomes R 3 gm . wt When F becomes in the opposite
direction , Prove that
1 2
F F and the resultant in the first case is perpendicular to the
resultant in the second case .
=

Answer


Static 3
rd
Example (11)
o
If three forces act at a particle are F , 2F , F' , The angle between F and 2F is 60 , The
maximum and the minimum values of the resultant of the three forces are 26 and 12 newtons
respectively , Then find the magnitudes of F and F'

Answer
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 o
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2
The resultant of the first two forces :
R F F 2F F Cos R F 2F 2F 2F Cos60
1
R 5F 4F R 7F R 7F
2
The Maximum resultant of the Three forces :
R 7F F' 7F F' 26 ( 1)
The Mini
o = + + = + +
| |
= + = =
|
\ .
= + + =
mum resultant of the Three forces :
R 7F F' 7F F' 12 ( 2 ) Or F' 7F 12 ( 3 ) = = =

( )
By adding (1) and (2) :
19 7 19 7
2 7F 38 F N Then F' 26 7 7N
7 7
And By adding (1) and (3) :
26 19
2F' 38 F' 19 N Then F 7N
7
= = = =
= = = =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
Example (12)
Two forces of magnitude 3 f , 2 f Newton act at a point Find the measure of the angle
between the two forces if their resultant is perpendicular to the smaller force . if f = 15 ,Then
find the magnitude of the resultant.
Answer
o
1 2
2
1 2
Let the measure of the angle between the two forces be and the measure of the angle
between the resultant and the smaller force be .
So F 3F F 2F 90
F sin 2F sin
And Tan
F F cos 3F 2F cos
But When 9
o
u
u
o o
u
o o
u
= = =
= =
+ +
= 0 Cot 0 3F 2F cos 0
3
3 2cos 0 Cos 150
2
u o
o o o
= + =
+ = = =

o
1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
when F 15 F 15 3 F 30 150
3
R F F 2F F cos 3F 4F 2 3F 2F F
2
R F 15 Newton
o
o
= = = =
= + + + =
= =

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
u
F
FCosu
F Sinu
o
30
32 N
1
F
2
F
o
1
o
2
F 32Cos30 16 3 N
F 32Sin30 16 N
= =
= =
o
45
6 gm . wt
1
F
2
F
o
1
o
2
F 6Cos45 3 2 N
F 6 Sin45 3 2 N
= =
= =
80 N
1
F
2
F
o
2
o
1
F 80Cos60 40 N
F -80Sin60 -40 3 N
= =
= =
o
60
Resolution of a force into two perpendicular Components

Any Inclined force can be resolved into two Components
horizontal force and vertical force

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (1)
Resolve a force of magnitude 32 N and direction 30 north of east .
Answer

Note : we can write the above force as ( 32 N , 30) Or F =16 3 i +16 j
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
Find each of the X component and Y Component of
( )
o
1 R 6 gm.wt , 45 = .
Answer

Note : we can write it as vector component as 1 F =3 2 i +3 2 j
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)
( )
o
2 R 80 N , 150 = .
Answer

Note : we can write it as vector component as 1 F =-40 3 i +40 j


Static 3
rd
2 2
R X Y
Where : X : Sum of the forces in the X - direction
Y : Sum of the forces in the Y - direction
The direction of the resultant :
Y
Tan = , Where is the Polar angle
X
u u
= +

2
t
90
180
t
270
3
2
t

0
When:
x 0Andy 0 , Then lies in the first quadrant
x 0Andy 0 , Then lies in the second quadrant
180
x 0Andy 0 , Then lies in the third quadrant
180
x 0Andy 0 , Then li
u
u
| u
u
| u
u
> >
< >
=
< <
= +
> < es in the fourth quadrant
360 | u =
Example (4)
( )
o
3 R 48 N , 240 = .
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After we knew how to resolve a force ,now we have to find the resultant of the resolved forces

The resultant of Coplanar forces meeting at a point more than 2 forces

Rule:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very important note : Arrangements of quadrants :

1
st
quad
2
nd
quad
4
th
quad.

3
rd
quad
++++++
++
- - - - - - - - -
- -
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+


Static 3
rd
o
5 2Cos45
o
5 2Sin45
o
2 3Cos30
o
2 3Sin30
Example (1)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (3)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( )
( )
o
o
2 2 2 2
o st
In the opposite figure :
X 8 5 2 Cos45 13 N
Y 3 5 2 Sin45 8 N
R 13i 8 j
And R X Y ( 13 ) ( 8 ) 233 15.264 Newton.
Y 8
Tan , 31 36` " Agreed as X and Y are in 1 Quadrant"
X 13
u u
= + =
| = + =
= +
= + = + = =
= = =
( )
( )
o
o
2 2 2 2
o
o
X 2 3 Cos30 3 0 N
Y -4 3 2 3 Sin30 -5 3 N
R -5 3 j
And R X Y ( 0 ) ( -5 3 ) 5 3 Newton.
Y -5 3
Tan , 90 " Refused "
X 0
Or 270 " agreed as for negative sign of y - axis"
u u
u
= =
| = =
=
= + = + =
= = =
=
( )
( )
o o o
o o o
2 2 2 2
o
X 7 3 Cos30 3 3 Cos30 6Cos60 3 N
Y 7 3 Sin30 3 3 Sin30 6 Sin60 2 3 0 N
R 3i
And R X Y ( 3 ) ( 0 ) 3 Newton.
Y 0
Tan 0
X 3
u u
= =
| = + =
=
= + = + =
= = =


Static 3
rd
=
1
F 40 N
o
60
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 st
X 40 40Cos60 40Sin30 40
Y 40 Cos30 40Cos30 40 3
R 40 40 3 6400 80
40 3
Tan 3 Tan 3 60 " Agreed as X and Y are in 1 Quadrant"
40
The magnitude of R is 80 Newton and acts in the direction of t
u u

= + =
| = + =
= + = =
= = = =
he 2nd force
=
2
F 40 N
o
30
o
30
3
F 40 N =
( )
( )
1 o
X 60Cos30 88Cos30 14 3
Y 60 88sin30 60sin30 14
R 588 196 784 28 gm .wt
14 1
Tan
14 3 3
1
Tan 30 " refused"
3
Or 180 30 210 " as x 0 And y 0"
The magnitude of R is 28 gm .wt .and acts in the direc
u
u
u
= =
| = =
= + = =
= =
= =
= + = < <
tion of 2nd force
=
1
F 60 gm . wt
o
30
o
30
=
2
F 88gm . wt
=
3
F 60 gm . wt
Examples
Example (1)
Three coplanar forces act at a point. The magnitude of each equals 40 Newton .The angle
Between the first and the second force equals the angle between the second and the third force
And each of them is of measure 60 .Find the magnitude of the resultant and prove that this
Resultant acts in the direction of the second force.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (2)
Three coplanar forces of magnitude 60 , 88 and 60 gm .wt. act at a point. The first towards
North , the second makes 30south of west and the third makes 30south of east. Find their
Resultant.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 o
X 5 10cos60 20cos60 15 3 cos30 2.5
5 3
Y 10sin60 15 3 sin30 20sin60
2
25 75
R 25 5 Newton
4 4
5 3 2
Tan 3 Tan 3 -60
2 5
But X 0 , Y 0 "So lies inthe second quad."
180 60 120
R is of magni
u u
u
u
= + + =
| = + =
= + = =
= = = =
< >
= =
tude 5 Newton and acts in a direction inclined to the 1st with angle of 120
=
1
F 5 N
o
60
=
2
F 10 N
o
60 o
30
=
3
F 15 3N
o
30
o
30
=
4
F 20 N
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 o
X 9 6 cos60 6 3 cos30 3 kg.wt
Y 6 sin60 6 3 sin30 9 3 -3 3 kg.wt
R 3 -3 3 6 Newton
-3 3
Tan 3 Tan 3 -60
3
But X 0 , Y 0 "So lies inthe fourth quad."
360 60 300
R is of magnitude 6 Newton and
u u
u
u
= + =
| = + =
= + =
= = = =
> <
= =
acts in a direction inclined to the 1st with angle of 300
=
1
F 9N
o
60
=
2
F 6 N
o
60 o
30
=
3
F 6 3N
o
30
=
4
F 9 3 N
Example (3)
Four coplanar forces of magnitude 5 , 10 , 15 3 and 20 Newton .act at a point .the measure of
The angles between the first and the second is 60 ,and between second and the third 90 and
Between the third and the fourth is 150.Find the magnitude and the direction of their resultant.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (4)
Four coplanar forces of magnitude 9 , 6 , 6 3 and 9 3 kg . wt act at a point .the measure of
The angles between the first and the second is 60 ,and between second and the third 90 and
Between the third and the fourth is 120.Find the magnitude and the direction of their resultant.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
=
1
F 25 N
o
30
=
2
F 20 N
o
60
o
60
=
4
F 20N
=
2
F 2 3kg.wt
o
60
=
1
F 20kg.wt
o
60 o
30
=
3
F 12 3 kg.wt
o
30
o
30
=
4
F 36kg.wt
A B
C
D
H
=
3
F 40 N
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1
st
X 25 20Cos30 20Sin60 25 N
Y 40 20Sin30 20Cos60 60 N
R 25 60 4225 65 Newton
60 12 12
Tan Tan
25 5 5
67 23` " Agreed" as X and Y are in 1 Quadrant"
The resultant acts in the direction 67 23` wit
u u
u
= + =
| = + + =
= + = =
= = =
=
h AB
1
2
3
4
F is of magnitude 20 Kg. wt. and 60 north of the east .
F is of magnitude 2 3 kg .wt due north .
F is of magnitude 12 3 kg .wt 30 north of west .
F is of magnitude 36 Kg .wt. 30 east of s outh .
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
o
X 20Cos60 36Sin30 12 3Cos30 10 kg. wt.
Y 2 3 20sin60 12 3 sin30 36Cos30 0 kg. wt.
R 10 0 10 kg. wt.
0
Tan 0 0
10
The resultant is 10 kg. wt.and acts due east.
u u
= + =
| = + + =
= + =
= = =
Example (5)
Four coplanar forces of magnitude 25 , 20 , 40 , 20 Newton, act at A and in the directions

AB, AC, AD and AH where m( BAC ) 30 ,m( BAD) 90 and m( BAH ) 150 .
Pr ove that the resultant of these forces is 65 Newton and detrmine its direction.
Z = Z = Z =

Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (6)
The following coplanar forces act at a point :

Find their resultant and its direction.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
= =
| = + =
=
X 9 4 2 cos45 5 2 cos45 0
Y 6 4 2 sin45 5 2 sin45 5 0
R 0 "The body is in Equlibrium"
=
2
F 6 N
o
45
=
3
F 4 2 N
=
5
F 5N
( )
( )
ABCD is a rectangle , AB and AD are perpendicular
In ABC : AB 8 cm ,BC 6 cm and m( B ) 90
by using Pythagora's theorem AC 64 36 10cm
8 4 6 3
Cos And Sin
10 5 10 5
4
X 2 5cos 2 5 6 kg .wt.
5
Y
u u
u
= = Z =
= + =
= = = =
= + = + =
|
3
3 5sin 3 5 6 kg .wt.
5
R 36 36 6 2 kg .wt.
6
Tan 1 45
6
R makes 45 with AB and its magnitude 6 2 kg .wt.
u
o o
= + = + =
= + =
= = =

=
1
F 9N
o
45
o
45
=
4
F 5 2 N
A B
C D
8cm
6cm
=
1
F 2kg.wt
=
2
F 5kg.wt
=
3
F 3kg.wt
u
Example (7)
Five coplanar forces act at a point of magnitude 9 , 6 , 4 2

, 5 2 and 5 Newton act due to
east , north , western north , western south and south respectively .Find the magnitude and
direction of Their resultant.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (8)
ABCD is a rectangle where AB = 8 cm , BC = 6 cm. Three forces 2 , 5 , 3 kg .wt. act at point
(A) Along the directions AB , AC , AD respectively. Find their resultant and its inclination with
AB
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
8cm
8cm
A
B
C D
( )
( )
AB and AD are perpendicular
In ADE : AD 8 cm ,DE 6 cm and m( D) 90
AE 64 36 10 cm.
let m( DEA) m( EAB)
8 4 6 3
Sin And Cos
10 5 10 5
X 2 4 2 Cos45 10Cos 12
Y 4 10sin 4 2 sin45 16
R 144 256 400
o
o o
o
o
= = Z =
= + =
< = < =
= = = =
= + + =
| = + + =
= + =
16 4
20 gm .wt. & Tan
12 3
R makes 53 7' with AB and its magnitude 20 gm .wt.
u = = =

E
6cm 2cm
8cm
o
o
45
M
A
B C
D
E
F
4
1
4
5
2
3
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
o
X 4 Cos60 4Cos60 5 2Cos60 3Cos60 2
Y Sin60 4Sin60 2Sin60 3Sin60 0
R 2 0 2 gm .wt
0
Tan 180 " As x 0 , y 0 x axis"
2
R 2 gm .wt and acts along MD.
u u
= + + =
| = + =
= + =
= = < =
=
2
4 2
10
4
Example (9)
ABCD is a square whose side is 8 cm long. E CD e

such that DE = 6 cm . The forces 2 , 4 2 ,
10 , 4 gm .wt. act at a point (A) along the directions AB , AC , AE , AD

respectively .Find
their Resultant and its inclination with AB .
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (10)
ABCDEF is a uniform hexagon , M is the point of intersection of its diagonals , The forces 4 , 1
4 , 5 , 2 , 3 gm. wt. act at point M along the directions MA,MB,MC,MD,ME and MF
Respectively. Find the resultant and its direction.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
o
X 6 3 4Cos30 4Cos30 2 3 N
Y 4sin30 4sin30 0 N
R 2 3 0 2 3 N
0
Tan 0 0 " As x 0 and y 0 x axis"
2 3
The resultant is 2 3 N and acts along BC
u u
= =
| = =
= + =
= = = > =
o
60
o
60
o
30
o
30
o
30
o
30
A
B
C
6 3 N
4 N
4 N
o
4Cos30
o
4Cos30
o
4 Sin30
o
4 Sin30
A
B C
D
E
F
o
30
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
o st
o
X 6 2 3Cos30 6Cos60 2 3Cos30 15
Y 2 3 Sin30 6 Sin60 2 3 Sin30 3 3
R 15 3 3 6 7 N
3 3
Tan 19 6' 24'' " As x 0 , y 0 1 quad."
15
R 6 7 N and inclines by 19 6'24'' along AD.
u u
= + + + =
| = + =
= + =
= = > >
=
o
30
o
30
o
30
6N
6N
2 3 N
2 3 N
Example (11)
ABCDEF is a regular hexagon , forces of magnitude 6 , 2 3 , 6 ,2 3 Newtons
act along AB, AC, AD, AE Respectively. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant .
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (12)
o
ABC is an isosceles triangle , m( BAC ) 120 , forces of magnitudes 4 , 6 3 , 4 newtons act at a
point A along directions parallel to AB , BC , CA respectively , find the resul tant of these
< =
forces .
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
6 2 gm.wt.
o
45
1
F
8 2 gm.wt
o
45
2
F
( )
( )
1
1 1
2
2 2
The resultant is 7 gm.wt and acts towards east means:
X 7 and Y 0
X F 6 2 cos45 8 2 cos45
7 F 2 F 9 gm.wt.
Y 6 2 sin45 8 2 sin45 F
0 6 8 F 0 F 14 gm. wt.
= =
= +
= =
| = +
= + = =
A
B
C
o
60
o
60
o
60
8 N
8 N
12 N
o
60
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
o
2nd o o o
X 8 12Cos60 8Cos60 2 N
Y 12Sin60 8Sin60 2 3 N
R 2 2 3 4 N
2 3
Tan 60
2
" As x 0 , y 0 2 quad." 180 60 120
R 4 N and acts along CA.
u u
u
= =
| = =
= + =
= =
< > = =
=
Example (13)
Three forces of magnitude 8 , 8 , 12 newtons act at a particle and their direction are parallel to the sides
of an equilateral triangle taken in the same cyclic order , find the magnitude and the direction of their
resultant .

Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (14)
Four coplanar forces
1 2
F , 6 2 , 8 2 , F

gm . wt. act at a point due east , eastern north,
Western north and south respectively .Find
1 2
F , F if the resultant equals 7 gm .wt. towards east.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Static 3
rd
7 N
o
60
1
F
o
30
o
30
2
F
o
60
o
30
4 3 N
o
60
11 3 N
( )
( )
( )
= =
= + =
+ =
=
| = + =
= +
+ =
1 2
1 2
2 1
1 2
1 2
2 1
As the resultant acts towards South" OY` "
X 0 , Y -8
X 7 F cos60 F cos60 4 3 cos30 0
1 1
7 F F 6 0
2 2
F F 2 ( 1)
Y F sin60 F sin60 4 3 sin30 11 3 0
3 3
8 F F 2 3 11 3
2 2
F F 18 2
From(1) and (2) = =
1 2
: F 8 , F 10
3 2Newton
o
45
F
4 2 Newton
o
60
3Newton
( )
( )
( )
= +
= + =
| = +
= + =
= + = +
= = =
= = = = =
o
o
2
2 2 2 2
2
1 o
X F 3 2 cos45 2 3 Sin60
X F 3 3 X F
Y 3 2 sin45 2 3Cos60 3
Y 3 3 3 Y 3
And R X Y 3 2 F 9
F 18 9 9 F 3 Newton
Y 3
And Tan 1 Tan 1 45 " agreed"
X 3
o o
6 Newton
Example (15)
Five forces
1 2
7 , F , F ,4 3 ,11 3 Newton act at a point, the angle between the first and
Second is 60 and between the second and the third is 60 and between the third and the fourth
Is 90 and between the forth and the fifth is 60 .Find
1 2
F , F if their resultant equals 8 Newton
Towards south.
Answer

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example (16)
o
Coplanar forces F , 3 2 , 2 3 and 3 Newton are applied at a point , such that the first
force acts in direction East and the measure of the angle between the first and the second
force is 45 and between
o
o
the second and the third force is 105 and between the third and
the fourth force is 120 , if the magnitude of the resultant of the forces is equal to 3 2
Newton , Then find the value of F and the measure of the angle between the line of action of
their resultant and the first force .

Answer

Forces, Resultant Between Two Forces, Resolution

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