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Report on

CLOUD COMPUTING
By:Lalit Goel 75/EC/11 Student of

NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

CONTENT
Title
ABSTRACT AN INTRODUCTION CLOUD COMPUTING CLOUD SYSTEM CLOUD MODEL SAAS IAAS PAAS CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT MODEL PRIVATE CLOUD COMMUNITY CLOUD PUBLIC CLOUD HYBRID CLOUD CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE CLOUD BACKUP CLOUD STORAGE APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING KEY BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING CONCERNS ABOUT CLOUD COMPUTING CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING OTHER INDUSTRIES 8 9 9 10 10 11 12
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CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING OTHER COUNTRIES SUMMARY SOURCES

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ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the computing is moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simple, that the vast computing resources that are needed will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and one can connect to them and use them as and when needed.Computing can be described as any activity of using and/or developing computer hardware and software. It includes everything that sits in the bottom layer, i.e. everything from raw compute power to storage capabilities. Cloud computing ties together all these entities and delivers them as a single integrated entity under its own sophisticated management. Cloud is a term used as a metaphor for the wide area networks (like internet) or any such large networked environment. It came partly from the cloud-like symbol used to represent the complexities of the networks in the schematic diagrams. It represents all the complexities of the network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data centers and all such other devices. The personal computer was a rebellion against the tyranny of centralized computing operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of personal computers. But this was later replaced by server architectures with enterprise servers and others showing up in the industry. This made sure that the computing was done and it did not eat up any of the resources that one had with him. All the computing was performed at servers. Internet grew in the lap of these servers. With cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be accessed via the internet and something over which we have all the control.

CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. This application allows workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote machines owned by another company would run everything from e-mail to word processing to complex data analysis programs. In a cloud computing system major work is handled by the computers handling cloud computing system rather than the local computers in running the applications. Hardware and software demands on the user's side decrease. The only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system's interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest. Examples are like Yahoo, Google one is not required to run a email program in their computer they can just log into these Web email provider and enjoy their advantages. The software and storage for ones account doesn't exist on his/her computer -- it's on the service's computer cloud. A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting. i. ii. iii. It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour It is elastic, a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time The service is fully managed by the provider (the consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access).

Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as well as improved access to highspeed Internet and a weak economy, have accelerated interest in cloud computing. Internet cloud services, services that store ones data on a server rather than on a hard drive so one can access it from any Internet-enabled device, are more powerful than ever before. Backing up photographs and important documents has never been easier. Google Docs and Gmail can take the place of Microsoft Word and Outlook Express. Banking sites take the place of expensive finance applications.

CLOUD SYSTEM
The hosted resources are known as cloud resources or cloud systems, and these include

Cloud software includes cloud applications, cloud databases and cloud platforms. Cloud infrastructure includes cloud storage, cloud servers and cloud networks

CLOUD MODELS
Cloud computing hosts a variety of services which are broadly classified in three categories: i. ii. iii. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Platform-as-a-Service (Paas) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).

SaaS:

Offers software as the main service User gets a complete application package Users have limited range of choices, i.e. customization is compromised SaaS is best suited for end users who dont want to be bothered by software or hardware-related choices eg. A healthcare contract management system based on SaaS is perfect for a physicians office with limited billing/technical staff Services can be anything from Web-based email to inventory control and database processing. Because the service provider hosts both the application and the data, the end user is free to use the service from anywhere.

SaaS examples are Google Apps, ZOHO Support, Deskaway, ImpelCRM, Wipro w SaaS.

IaaS:

Offers infrastructure as the main service Computing choices of user need should be well-defined 6

Users can demand more storage or computing power IaaS offers options for decreasing/increasing computing capacity but this solicits the presence of developers Infrastructure-as-a-Service like Amazon Web Services provides virtual server instance to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and storage

PaaS:

Offers a user-friendly the main service Allows users to develop and execute them Offers better management management security, and

platform as applications database workflow

PaaS is ideally suited for expert application developersnot the best bet for service providers seeking to pay fixed fee for ready-to-use software solutions Paas has two layers ie cloud OS examples- Google app engine, Microsoft windows azure. cloud Middleware - OrangeScrape, Wolfpaas

Force.com, (an outgrowth of Salesforce.com) and GoogleApps are examples of PaaS.

The healthcare industry is becoming increasingly organized after a slew of reforms. Physician offices and hospitals are increasingly searching for software solutions that can regulate their entire range of services such as transaction processing and billing. These healthcare centers and their business associates, together referred to as covered entities, need to ensure that they maintain compliance or risk facing severe financial & legal penalties. This is why most healthcare organizations now seek to adopt Healthcare Contract Management Systems where each option is essentially a software solution using PaaS, IaaS or SaaS. For instance, in a hospital, a hospital contract management software can be based on either of these three cloud computing offerings.

CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Private Cloud
A private cloud describes computer services delivered to a single organization. private clouds consist of privately held devices, such as storage arrays and servers, which needed to be built and configured by the organization. This mitigates most of the benefits of cloud computing. However, companies can use virtualization to simulate some of the resource allocation features of the cloud and thus save on costs. In general, a private cloud is not really a cloud at all but simply a farm of internal resources that can be used only by the organization in which they are installed.

Community Cloud
A community cloud contains features of the public and private cloud models. Like a public cloud, the community cloud may contain software, data storage and computing resources that are utilized by multiple organizations. Where this model differs from the public model is that the infrastructure is only utilized by a group of organizations that are known to each other. Similarly to a private cloud, these organizations are responsible for the operation of their own infrastructure. The community cloud model can provide greater cost savings than the private cloud while offering some of its security features. This model is best suited for organizations that share common requirements such as security or legal compliance policies. It can be managed by the member organizations or by a third party provider.

Public Cloud
A public cloud is established where several organizations have similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure so as to appliance. In this model, all of the physical resources are owned and operated by a third party cloud computing provider. The provider services multiple clients that may consist of individuals or corporations utilizing these resources through the public Internet. Services can be dynamically provisioned and are billed based on usage alone. In addition, it can be economically attractive as the resources (storage, workstations) utilized and shared in the community are already exploited. Examples of public clouds include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), IBM's Blue cloud, Sun Cloud, Google AppEngine and Windows Azure Services Platform.

Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud comprises of using a Public Cloud and a Private Cloud in co-relation. That is vendor has a private cloud and forms a partnership with a public cloud provider, or a public cloud provider forms a partnership with a vendor 8

that provides private cloud platforms. In this type of architecture, enterprises and organisations can utilize the qualities of both the cloud offerings together. By combining the advantages of the other models , the hybrid model offers organizations the most flexibility.

CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

When talking about a cloud computing system, it's helpful to divide it into two sections: The front end :- The front end includes the client's computer (or computer network) and the application required to access the cloud computing system. Services like Web-based email programs leverage existing Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Firefox. The back end :- On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically any computer program one can imagine, from data processing to video games. Usually, each application will have its own dedicated server. In cloud architecture there is basically using application servers , that is computers which ensure that the applications runs 24*7 at our computers. They provide us with the data storage facility so that our data can be saved online and can be operated from any computer having internet access or control node. A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It follows a set of rules called protocols and uses a special kind of software called middleware.

CLOUD BACKUP
Cloud backup, also known as online backup, is a strategy for backing up data that involves sending a copy of the data over a proprietary or public network to an off-site server. The server is usually hosted by a third-party service provider, who charges the backup customer a fee based on capacity, bandwidth or number of users. In the enterprise, the off-site server might be proprietary, but the chargeback method would be similar.

CLOUD STORAGE
It refers to saving data to an off-site storage system maintained by a third party. Instead of storing information to your computer's hard drive or other local storage device, you save it to a remote database. The Internet provides the connection between your computer and the database

Advantages

if one stores his or her data on a cloud storage system, then hell be able to get to that data from any location that has Internet access.

One wouldn't need to carry around a physical storage device or use the same computer to save and retrieve your information. With the right storage system, one could even allow other people to access the data, turning a personal project into a collaborative effort. Cloud storage solutions are also a more scalable and efficient way to store data. Rather than estimating the amount of data storage needed and purchasing the hardware required, a cloud storage customer will only pay for what is needed.

Disadvantages Of Cloud Storage

Reliability Security

Clients aren't likely to entrust their data to another company without a guarantee that they'll be able to access their information whenever they want and no one else will be able to get at it. Cloud storage companies live and die by their reputations. It's in each company's best interests to provide the most secure and reliable service possible. If a company can't meet these basic client expectations, it doesn't have much of a chance, there are too many other options available on the market. The idea of handing over important data to another company worries some people. Corporate executives might hesitate to take advantage of a cloud computing system because they can't keep their company's information under lock and key.

Some examples of Leading cloud storage Companies are:

Google Docs. Web e-mail providers like Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail store e-mail messages on their own servers. Users can access their e-mail from computers and other devices connected to the Internet. Sites like Flickr and Picasa host millions of digital photographs. Their users create online photo albums by uploading pictures directly to the services' servers. YouTube hosts millions of user-uploaded video files. Services like Xdrive, MediaMax and Strongspace offer storage space for any kind of digital data

APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

The applications of cloud computing are practically limitless. With the right middleware, a cloud computing system could execute all the programs a normal computer could run. Potentially, everything from generic word processing software to customized computer programs designed for a specific company could work on a cloud computing system. Why would anyone want to rely on another computer system to run programs and store data? Here are just a few reasons:

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Clients would be able to access their applications and data from anywhere at any time. They could access the cloud computing system using any computer linked to the Internet. Data wouldn't be confined to a hard drive on one user's computer or even a corporation's internal network. It could bring hardware costs down. Cloud computing systems would reduce the need for advanced hardware on the client side. Corporations that rely on computers have to make sure they have the right software in place to achieve goals. Cloud computing systems give these organizations company-wide access to computer applications. The companies don't have to buy a set of software or software licenses for every employee. Instead, the company could pay a metered fee to a cloud computing company. Servers and digital storage devices take up space. Some companies rent physical space to store servers and databases because they don't have it available on site. Cloud computing gives these companies the option of storing data on someone else's hardware Corporations might save money on IT support. Streamlined hardware would, in theory, have fewer problems than a network of heterogeneous machines and operating systems. If the cloud computing system's back end is a grid computing system, then the client could take advantage of the entire network's processing power.

KEY BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Lower costs: All resources, including expensive networking equipment, servers, IT personnel, etc. are shared, resulting in reduced costs, especially for small to mid-sized applications and prototypes. Agility: Provisioning-on-demand enables faster set-up and tear-down of resources on an asneeded basis. When a project is funded, you initiate service, then if the project is killed, you simply terminate the cloud contract. Dynamic scalability: Most applications experience spikes in traffic. Instead of over-buying your own equipment to accommodate these spikes, many cloud services can smoothly and efficiently scale to handle these spikes with a more cost-effective pay-as-you-go model. Simplified maintenance: Patches and upgrades are rapidly deployed across the shared infrastructure, as are backups. Large scale prototyping/load testing: Cloud computing makes large scale prototyping and load testing much easier. You can easily spawn 1,000 servers in the cloud to load test your application and then release them as soon as you are done, try doing that with owned or corporate servers. Diverse platform support: Many cloud computing services offer built-in support for a rich collection of client platforms, including browsers, mobile, and more. This diverse platform support enables applications to reach a broader base of users right out of the gate. Faster management approval: This is closely aligned with cost savings. Since cloud computing has very low upfront costs, the management approval process is greatly accelerated, causing faster innovation. In fact, costs are so low, that individuals can easily fund the expense personally to demonstrate the benefits of their solution, while avoiding organizational inertia. Faster development: Cloud computing platforms provide many of the core services that, under traditional development models, would normally be built in house. These services, plus templates and other tools can significantly accelerate the development cycle. 11

CONCERNS ABOUT CLOUD COMPUTING

security privacy.
The idea of handing over important data to another company worries some people. Corporate executives might hesitate to take advantage of a cloud computing system because they can't keep their company's information under lock and key. The counterargument to this position is that The companies offering cloud computing services live and die by their reputations. It benefits these companies to have reliable security measures in place. Otherwise, the service would lose all its clients. It's in their interest to employ the most advanced techniques to protect their clients' data. Privacy is another matter. If a client can log in from any location to access data and applications, it's possible the client's privacy could be compromised. Cloud computing companies will need to find ways to protect client privacy. One way is to use authentication techniques such as user names and passwords. Another is to employ an authorization format -- each user can access only the data and applications relevant to his or her job.

CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING OTHER

INDUSTRIES
Cloud computing is slowly penetrating into business small or big. The advantage it offers over the traditional computing makes it more acceptable . There's a growing concern in the IT industry about how cloud computing could impact the business of computer maintenance and repair. If companies switch to using streamlined computer systems, they'll have fewer IT needs. Some industry experts believe that the need for IT jobs will migrate to the back end of the cloud computing system. As cloud computing model is the Pay as per usage model, which makes cloud computing very viable in the hard economic times. There is no need to worry about the backup or costly storage devices as everything is performed by the cloud provider Another area of research in the computer science community is autonomic computing. An autonomic computing system is self-managing, which means the system monitors itself and takes measures to prevent or repair problems. Currently, autonomic computing is mostly theoretical. But, if autonomic computing becomes a reality, it could eliminate the need for many IT maintenance jobs.

CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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Politicians are working closely with the private sector to make sure that cloud computing is made available to the entire world. Representatives in developing nations are eager to see the explosive growth that can come about as a result of cloud computing. These countries difficulties accessing the Internet may soon be a thing of the past. Cloud computing gives these countries the means to access the information at such a scale which otherwise wouldnt had been possible with the technology available in the developing nations. In third world countries, engineers do need such applications so that to analyse the situation and come up with the required solutions which otherwise would have required a lot more calculations and time. Brazil, a group of researchers from different organizations combined funds so that they could have the computing capabilities to make this happen. Studies have found that if an entire country had access to the Internet, then it would experience almost a 20% increase in productivity. One suggestion that has been offered is that we could build data centers in a couple of areas in third world countries. This would take a significant investment on the part of the country, but it would be worth it in the long run. India is another nation, already one of the leading outsourcing destination, that is already benefiting from cloud computing. India has limited number of resources and need access to some of the best computing resources for the projects they hope to develop. It has been one of the biggest adopters of cloud computing in the past couple of years. The country believes that cloud computing will provide a huge discount for their IT resources. Cloud computing should create great opportunities for countries such as India and Brazil. It will provide them with the IT resources they need to build their infrastructure and catch up with the rest of the world.

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Some Leading Cloud Companies are like:-

Summary
Cloud computing host services on the internet in the pay as usage facility or many times free of cost. I host a variety of services which are broadly classified as SAAS , PAAS, IAAS. The facility offered by these different like IAAS offers infrastructure as services like virtual servers. SAAS offers software as services like email, Google Apps. PAAS offers platform as services to develop new software or apps. Clouds can be categorized in different forms based on the clients using them like public cloud which is open for anyone to use like Gmail, Ymail etc. It provides services to several firms having similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure. Private cloud, it is meant for only private use by the single firm. Hybrid cloud comprise of private and public cloud working in co- relation. Community cloud is however similar to public cloud but is meant for few firms working in co-relation. Cloud computing is possible due to a computer network providing different services like online storage, online backup or applications and make them available to the clients computers. Cloud computing is also scoring in the matter that it reduces the space requirement of the firms to store data or the maintenance cost of the

softwares used as the major workload shift is to the cloud provider. Online backup and online storage 14

services are gaining quite a market for them as accessing them via internet is much more reasonable then carrying a hard disk or pendrive. As everything has a shortcoming so do cloud computing has. Users have their own concerns about the authenticity of the firms and privacy regarding their data. Firms still are unable to trust these cloud providing firms with their vital data as security on the internet can never be trusted. However cloud computing companies do claim that they provide the best security and any complain would lead to the defamation of the company which companies cannot afford in these hard competition markets. Even though it has its shortcoming but still it has a growing market in the developing countries. Developing countries are able to access the softwares which were earlier not accessible and now work can be done in a more efficient way with reduced time requirement.

Sources
http://www.techno-pulse.com/2010/03/india-based-cloud-service-providers.html http://www.techwench.com/cloud-computing-takes-developing-countries-into-theinformation-age/ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing http://www.cloudconsulting.com/deployment-methods/

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