Brkagg-2011 c1

Managing an Enterprise WLAN with WCS
BRKAGG-2011
Presentation_ID
2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Session Agenda
WCSs Role in the Network
Life Cycle of a Network
Planning and Deploying a Network Monitoring a Network Tools and Troubleshooting Trending and Reporting
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Session Objective
The objective of this session is to show WCSs role in the network and its lifecycle, and to demonstrate WCS features and how they can be used to perform practical tasks; the session also provides suggestions and best practices on topics where appropriate For an introduction to Enterprise Wireless LAN concepts, please review: BRKAGG-101
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WCSs Role in the Network
Reporting Troubleshooting
Monitoring
Planning and Deployment
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Planning and Deployment
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Section Agenda: Planning and Deployment

Using WCS Planning Tool
Setting up Network Elements via WCS
Controller Configuration Groups Configuration Template LaunchPad
Controller Auto-Provisioning
Configuration Auditing Methods
Provisioning Maps and Context-Aware Service
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PlanningOverview
Launching the Planning and Editing Tools
Create a new Campus/Building Create a floor you want to plan for (import floor plan) Pick Planning Mode or Map Editor from the drop-down menu
Planning ModeHigh-Level Options

Add AP: Allows adding new Access Points to the Map
Delete AP: Remove existing Access Points from the Map Map Editor: Edit the floor plan to draw objects such as light/thick walls, light/heavy doors, cubicles, glass, coverage areas, perimeters, markers, etc. Synchronize with Deployment: Pull in currently deployed and placed Access Points on the floor to tweak existing deployment Generate Proposal: Generates a document that maybe provided to a 3rd party deployment company; additionally, also provides various heatmaps
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Planning ToolMap Editor

Accounts for objects and obstacles on a floor
For a precise RF propagation model display Attenuation characteristics for objects and obstacles help predictive engine
Helps specify areas and regions such as:

Coverage Area and Markersused for location notifications Perimeterdefines the outer boundary Location Inclusion and Exclusion Regions used for location events and notifications
Objects and obstacles that may be specified:

Walls (Light and Heavy)2dB and 13dB Cubicle (Walls)1dB Doors (Light and Heavy)4dB and 15dB Glass (doors, windows, walls)1.5dB
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Planning ToolOptions
Specify AP Prefix and AP Placement method (automatic vs. manual) Selecting AP type determines the antenna choices available for both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz band Select the protocol (band) and minimum desired throughput per band thats required for this plan Enable planning mode for advance options for data, voice, location and others
Location with monitor-mode factors in AP(s) that could be deployed to augment location accuracy Both the Demand and Override options allow for planning for any special cases where theres a highdensity of client presence such conference rooms or lecture halls
Data and Voice provide safety margins for design help. Safety margins help design for certain RSSI thresholds (detailed in online help). Location typically requires a denser deployment than data and the location checkbox helps plan for the advertised location accuracy
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Planning ToolCustomize Plan

Default suggestions after running the planning tool present AP deployment choices and ability to switch between data and signal strength heatmap
Clicking an AP in the plan allows customization (added, deleted or simply modify properties) before a proposal may be generated
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Planning ToolProposal
Proposal Contents:
Floor Plan Details Disclaimer/Scope/Assumptions Proposed AP Placement Coverage and Data Rate Heatmap Coverage Analysis
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ConfigurationConfig-Groups Overview
What Are They?
An easy way to group controllers logically Manage devices with similar configurations
Extract templates from existing controller or WCS to provision Schedule Configuration sets
Cascade Reboot
Manage Mobility Groups, DCA, and Configuration Auditing
When Would You Use Them?

Group sites together for easier management for:
Mobility Groups
DCA and Regulatory Domain Settings Schedule remote configuration changes
Groups sites to ensure compliance with configuration policies

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Configuration-Groups How-To: Setup
Select and add later: Only create the config group and then add controllers and templates at another time Copy Templates from controller: Copy templates from one of the controllers currently in WCS and then apply them to controllers in this config group. Note, if controllers templates are not already discovered, they can be discovered from the Configure Controllers page
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Configuration-Groups How-To: Setup
Adding Controllers: Controllers in WCS are presented and can be moved over to the newly config group Applying Templates: Discovered or already present template(s) can then be applied to controller Auditing: Ensure template-based audit is selected in audit settings and then audit controllers in group to ensure they comply with policies
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Configuration-Groups: Things to Remember

Template order is very important!
Background audit is performed during network and controller audit Background audit and audit enforcement can only run when template-based audit is selected (under AdministrationSettings) WLC(s) may be part of multiple configuration groups so be careful while setting mobility group names
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ConfigurationTemplates Overview
What Are They?
Are sets of configurations that may be applied to WLCs at the system/global level May be re-used to modify already applied configurations May be used to replicate configuration to other WLCs added subsequently May be to used to schedule configuration changes
May be to used to audit against
Types of Templates
Controller templates Lightweight AP templates
Autonomous AP migration templates

WLC and Autonomous Command-Line templates Location templates
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Template LaunchPad
All-in-one, high-level view of template categories in WCS which may be expanded or collapsed for easier navigation and viewing
Re-designed tree-based hierarchy continues to exist as left-hand navigation
Each template provides a callout icon which, on mouse-over, provides easy to understand description of what the template is and how it may be used to configure certain attribute(s).
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Templates: Things to Remember1

Templates are added to WCS database when a WLC is first added to WCS Template names can be changed to more meaningful names after discovery Additional configuration changes on the WLC may be pulled in to WCS via the Discover templates from controller option
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Upon configuration refresh from WCS, template associations may be deleted or maintained Use the Templates Applied to Controller option to see a mapping of existing templates (pushed from WCS)
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WLAN override feature was re-designed and merged under AP GroupsWCS does provide backward compatibility so newer releases (5.2 and above) provision this differently
WCS now supports template creation for WLCs dynamic interfaces
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ConfigurationAuditing
Easy way to identify configuration gaps between WCS and WLC
Manual on-demand audit capability Automatic audits based on configuration sync background task
Allows easy reconciliation in the event of a configuration mismatch Helps ensure WLCs comply with configuration policies
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Quick Audit Summary and Reconciliation
Audit Summary
Restore or Maintain Config
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Audit Settings
Audit Settings
Audit Mode
Basic Audit: Perform an audit on current WLC configuration and compare it with the configuration in WCS Template-Based Audit: Perform an audit on current WLC configuration with respect to applied templates, config groups background templates and then the configuration in WCS
Audit On
All Parameters: Audit on entire WLC configuration Selected Parameters: Audit on selected parameters from the templates
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ConfigurationAuto-Provisioning
What Is Auto-Provisioning?
Ability to automatically detect and configure new WLCs (locally or at remote sites) Allows detection based on multiple criterion: Hostname, MAC Address or Serial number
Adds WLC to WCS for further configuration after provisioning
When Would You Use It?

Large distributed deployments
Limited IT resources
Streamline operations and eliminate configuration mismatches
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Auto-Provisioning with WCS
Monitor Only: Controllers matched by this filter will not be configurable by WCS in the auto provision process Filter Mode: Choose from hostname, MAC Address or Serial number to match the WLC Config Group Name: Add the auto-provisioned WLC(s) to their own config group for easier management since these might share common policies Input Device: Select from single or multiple devices to provision. Selecting CSV option provides a link to download a sample file to understand the syntax. Device Configuration: Other device parameters that can be configured at this stage.
After hitting Submit, the filter is saved with one entry for the member you just added. At this point, you may add other members (WLCs) to this filter as well. This filter also creates a WLC config file in WCSs TFTP directory. Ensure your DHCP servers option 150 points to WCS Server
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ConfigurationMaps
Why Maps?
Track wireless clients and tags, and play location history across campus Track and mitigate rogue devices Display Chokepoints Display Mesh AP relationships Integrate with Google Earth Represent wireless coverage on campus, and plan for growth View Channel and Tx Power plans provisioned by RRM View AP and RF Profile at the floor level Provision and display coverage areas, markers and other objects and use them with location notifications Post-Deployment: View VoWLAN and Location Readiness
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Maps Layout
Default View of Campus, Buildings, and Floors can be easily changed with the Quick Filters
Hierarchical Layout for easy navigation
Adding Campus or Buildings are made easy with the drop-down menu actions through an easy wizard that walks you through provisioning floor plans and APs
Building view provides a quick glance in to floors status and alarm summary for easier troubleshooting
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Maps LayoutFloor View

Commonly used map actions are ever-present in icon format
Quickly Add/Remove Layers that may be placed on the floor plan and heat maps Mouse-over on objects on the map provides quick object summaries
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WCS Virtual Domains

What They Are (or do) Quick way to partition WCS objects What Theyre Not (or dont do) Not necessarily a complete replacement for RBAC (for example, via TACACS+) If none specified, users are added to the root virtual domain by default Dont separate Google Earth Maps, AutoProvisioning, MSEs, and Ethernet Switches
Allows users to be mapped to separate virtual domains at the time of creation Separate Reports, Controllers, Access Points, Search, Templates, Config Groups, Alarms and other objects Objects may be assigned to multiple domains at the same time root domain is a superset of all subdomains Only the root domain may location, and any other email notifications
Avoid changing configurations from multiple domains management simple Not all objects are available at the root level objects such as Search and Reports are domain specific For more caveats, visit: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/w cs/5.2/configuration/guide/5_2virtual.html
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Monitoring
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Section Agenda: Monitoring

General Monitoring
Dashboard Concepts
Client-Related Monitoring
Client Details and Client List Pages Client Dashboard
Using WCS Search Alarms and Events

Setting up Alarm Summary
Differentiation Between Alarms and Events

Severity and Layout Customization Setting Up Notifications and Help Desk-Like Usage
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MonitoringWCS Dashboard Concepts

Canned tabs of high-level system views
Ability to add/remove tabs Ability to add/remove components within tabs Customize individual components Introduction of trending information at system level Quick drill-downs
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Customizing WCS Dashboard
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Customizing and Historical Trending
Custom Tab Custom Components
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Information Layout and Workflow Concepts

WCS presents many intuitive ways to arrive at information Ability to drill-down to an individual client-level detail from dashboard Ability to drill-down with the help of Quick Filters Ability to sort on different attributes in client list pages Ability to perform and save intelligent searches Ability to customize list layout, items per page and content Perform advance context-sensitive actions (such as launching a report from AP page) from page drop-downs Consistent breadcrumbs for navigational assistance
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System-Level to Drill-Down
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Quick Filters, Custom List Layout
Use Quick Filters or Column Sorting to arrange information relevant to the task
Edit List Pages for content relevant to you
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Using WCS Search

Global Search Capability
Searches can be performed on partial input Search output provides configuration and monitor links based on device type found Search parameters include IP Address, Usernames, MAC Addresses, SSIDs ,Rogues and AP Names
Advanced searches can be saved for easy future reference and use
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MonitoringClient-Related Workflow
Common Steps in a Troubleshooting Scenario:
Lookup a client: MAC Address, Username, IP Address, Client type, Client state, From AP Details Page (example below) Where is the client now (and how is their RF profile) Where has this client been (Location playback, session and AP history) Active troubleshooting
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Monitoring: Client Details1
Basic Client Propertiescan be expanded for further details Client Association and Session History, From AP Pages too
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Monitoring: Client Details2

Client AP Association History
Client Statistics
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MonitoringAlarms and Events

What Are Events?
An occurrence of a condition (or change in condition) in the network managed by WCS Not necessarily generated for every condition but could be a result of a pattern or threshold match by the WLC Events may not be useful in their raw form (unless troubleshooting, for example) and usually need further processing
What Are Alarms?

Correlated events result in alarms (WCS allows looking up event history for alarms) Both Alarms and Events are categorized by severities
Critical Major Minor Warning Informational
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Alarm System and Logic Simplified
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Alarms Layout and Search

Expandable Widget persistent across WCS Granular Alarm searches can be performed via the Advance Search feature, and saved for future re-use
Alarms Sorted by Categories and Severities are hyperlinked to quickly drill-down
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Alarms Actions and Customizations

Quick access to Alarm Actions Quick Alarm Information on mouse-over
Customizable Layout
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Working with an Alarm

Manage Alarms Manage Security
Historical Data. Note Created and Modified

Trace Alarm Source
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AlarmsThings to Remember
Its common to ignore email configuration in WCS WCS sends email notifications for Major events only! Acknowledged alarms suppress email notifications even if the severity changes Help! My alarms seem to have disappeared!
Alarms that get cleared move in to the Cleared state so be sure to check cleared alarms (or look under event history)
Clearing an alarm does not remove it from WCS database (deleting it does) Alarm severities can be customized from Administration SettingsAlarms Alarm acknowledgement works on individual alarm instance (and not on category or condition) Even if traps are disabled on WLC, WCS could generate alarms from the regular polling it performs
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Tools and Troubleshooting
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Section Agenda: Troubleshooting

Client Troubleshooting Tool
Voice Audit Tool Location Tools
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Client Troubleshooting Tool

An easy way to identify client-related issues from within WCS, without the need for extensive WLC debugs
Look at the clients current state (and at what stage of the connection they might be having issues at) Allows for real-time troubleshooting and log retrieval from the WLC Allows for looking up historical, and relevant client and AP events Allows integration with ACS View Server for authentication log retrieval
But, first things firstcommon problems:

Watch out for misconfigured clients (common areas are WLAN profile settings, authentication and encryption settings, and any advanced extensions that might not be required Ensure WLC settings match the provisioned client profiles (security, SSID broadcast, WLAN override, etc.) Ensure data rate settings on the WLC (Mandatory, Supported and Disabled rates) Look for client exclusion settings (easy way to find excluded clients is via the quick filter in MonitorClients page
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Client TroubleshootingLaunch Points

Multiple Launch points to initiate client troubleshooting tool allows for diverse workflow integration
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Client TroubleshootingExamples
Identify whether the problem occurs at 802.11 or higher layers Suggestions on where to look and how to potentially resolve the error condition(s)
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Client TroubleshootingExamples
Advance options are enabled in presence of CCXv5 clients. Additional analysis and messaging is possible provided client diagnostics is enabled on the WLAN
Analyzing logs from ACS and viewing latest client and AP events
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Voice Audit Tool

Allows auditing current network configuration from a VoWLAN deployment perspective
Use default rules and thresholds based on Cisco best practices
Ability to customize the rules to match your network and requirements

Provides a simple report with a list of configuration gaps
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Voice AuditExample
Customizable Rules
Voice Audit Tool Report
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Voice Readiness ToolExample
Simple, post-deployment tool to verify or correct AP deployment and provides a way to determine VoWLAN readiness by band, and RSSI cutoff values
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Location Accuracy ToolExample

Determine Accuracy Probability, Correct Deployment
Test with Clients, Tags, Exciters
Schedule Accuracy Tests
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Location ReadinessExample
Simple, post-deployment tool to verify or correct AP deployment and provides information on what areas are under the Cisco recommended estimates
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Reporting
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Section Agenda: Reporting

Report LaunchPad
Report Customizations
Multi-Level Filtering Customizing Report Output
Multi-Level Sorting in Report Output
Report Scheduling
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Report LaunchPad
Report LaunchPad Easy Drill-Down
Callouts Report Descriptions
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Report Customization
Multi-Level Filters
Customized Reports
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Graphical Report Content
Graphical Reporting
Graphical Summaries
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Advance Topic: Adaptive wIPS
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wIPS Components
wIPS Monitor Mode APattack detection (scanning at 250ms per channel)
Controllermanages wIPS APs, forwards wIPS data to MSE MSE with wIPS Serviceattack archival and alarm aggregation WCScentralized configuration and monitoring
Over-the-Air Detection
wIPS AP Management
Complex Attack Analysis, Forensics, Events

WCS
Monitoring, Reporting
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wIPS System Communication
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wIPS Alarm Flow
1. Attack Launched against infrastructure device 2. Detected on AP

Communicated via CAPWAP to WLC
3. Passed transparently to MSE via NMSP 4. Logged into wIPS Database on MSE
Sent to WCS via SNMP trap
5. Displayed on WCS
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wIPS Profile Configuration

Profiles contain alarm policies which allow severities, thresholds and monitoring groups to be changed
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wIPS Configuration Profile Flow
1. wIPS Profiles are configured on WCS 2. Profile is pushed via SOAP/XML to MSE 3. Profile is pushed to Controller via NMSP
A controller can only use one wIPS profile for all its associated wIPS APs
4. Profile is pushed to wIPS AP via CAPWAP

5. Profile put to use by wIPS Engine on AP
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wIPSExample Alarm
Click Help for more info on the attack

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wIPSIntegrated Encyclopedia
Available for each alarm Provides text and visual description of attack Provides potential remediation steps
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Advance Topic: WCS HA
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High-Availability Components and Operation

At the heart of the high-availability design is the Health Monitor (HM) Process
Other components in WCS are JVM (WCS), Database, and Apache webserver
HM is sub-divided into smaller components:

Core HM: Configures, maintains state and starts/stops the HA configuration across WCS servers Heartbeat: Responsible for maintaining communication between the primary and secondary servers (over HTTPS, port 8082); timeout is set to two seconds, with three retries Application Monitor: Communicates with the WCS framework components on the primary server
DB Monitor: Configures database replication

File Sync: Identifies file changes, compression, and statistics maintenance
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High-AvailabilityThings to Know
Both the primary and failover WCS servers should run the same software version Both the primary and failover WCS servers should be running on the same OS type (cant mix Windows and Linux installs) Email server and receiver must be configured (used for notifications) Communication between the primary and failover WCS must be enabled on HM port if firewall is in the path Failover mode must be carefully selected (and remembered): manual vs. automatic Authentication key is created during the install, and is used by the primary and failover WCS servers for communication (and also logging into the HMweb page) HM available at: https://ip.address:HMport (example: https://10.10.10.200:8082)
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High-AvailabilityThings to Know
Available in release 5.2 and above
Requires the PLUS license (only on the primary server)

Feature supports failover of up to two primary WCS servers to one backup server Suggested deployment matrix in a 1:1 model
Primary 1 Low-end WCS 1 Standard WCS 1 High-end WCS
Secondary 1 Low or higher-end WCS 1 Standard or higher WCS 1 High-end WCS
Suggested deployment matrix in a 2:1 model
Primary 2 Low-end WCS 2 Standard WCS 2 Standard WCS

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Secondary 1 Standard or higher WCS 1 Standard or higher WCS 1 High-end WCS

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Helpful Links
WCS Datasheet
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5755/ps6301/ps6305/product_data_she et0900aecd802570d0.html
Licensing and Ordering Guide

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5755/ps6301/ps6305/product_data_she et0900aecd804b4646.html
Configuration Guides
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6305/products_installation_and_configuration_guides_ list.html
WCS Troubleshooting FAQs

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6305/products_tech_note09186a00806f070a.shtml
TACACS+ Configuration Example

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/technologies_tech_note09186a0080851f7c.shtml
(Advance) dbAdmin Commands

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6305/products_tech_note09186a00808c7100.shtml
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Managing an Enterprise WLAN with WCS

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

WCSs Role in the Network

Planning and Deployment

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Planning and Deployment

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section Agenda: Planning and Deployment

Provisioning Maps and Context-Aware Service

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Planning ModeHigh-Level Options

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Planning ToolMap Editor

Helps specify areas and regions such as:

Objects and obstacles that may be specified:

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Planning ToolCustomize Plan

Manage Mobility Groups, DCA, and Configuration Auditing

When Would You Use Them?

Groups sites to ensure compliance with configuration policies

Configuration-Groups How-To: Setup

Configuration-Groups How-To: Setup

Configuration-Groups: Things to Remember

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

May be to used to audit against

Autonomous AP migration templates

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Re-designed tree-based hierarchy continues to exist as left-hand navigation

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Templates: Things to Remember1

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Templates: Things to Remember2

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Templates: Things to Remember3

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Quick Audit Summary and Reconciliation

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Adds WLC to WCS for further configuration after provisioning

When Would You Use It?

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Auto-Provisioning with WCS

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hierarchical Layout for easy navigation

Maps LayoutFloor View

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

WCS Virtual Domains

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section Agenda: Monitoring

Using WCS Search Alarms and Events

Differentiation Between Alarms and Events

MonitoringWCS Dashboard Concepts

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Customizing WCS Dashboard

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Customizing and Historical Trending

Custom Tab Custom Components

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Information Layout and Workflow Concepts