$

ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIA ANALECTA 6I

Coptology: Past,' Present., andFuture

Studiesin Honour of RodolpheKasser

EDITED BY

S. GIVERSEN - M. KRAUSE,- P. NAGEL

OFFPRINT

UITGEVERIJPEETERS LEUVEN r994

AN OLD COPTICTEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94 FF.*

HELMUT SATZINGER Wien

The Paris Magical Papyrus (pBibl. Nat. suppl. gr. 574; translations: Preisendanz 1933: 64ff.; Betz 7986: 36ff.) is an impressive collection of prescriptions tor various kinds of magical practice, including divination, black magic, and love spells. It is a book of 72 pages made up of 18 sheets.The first two and the last two pages are left blankr, and the same is true of p. 6 and fol. 16 (pp. 31-32). Commentators agree in general that the text was compiled in the fourth century . \ D . a n d p r o b a b l yi n i t s i i r s t h a l P . ln general. the language of the texts is Greek. In the beginning, however, there are a numher oi Old Coptic texts (cf. Haardt 1949: 3; Satzinger 7984: 139 r,,: - i: Sr:zinger 1991: 170 no. 1.5).often interspersed with Greek passages: ,A.3, 1 , - ' = i l r l I 1 1 .l - - 1 r : m a g i c a ln a m e s r :B . l l . 5 - 1 0 ( = f o l . 2 ' l l . l - 7 ) : m a g i c a l r,ar-ri:.;"ith Greek remark: C. ll. l1-15 (= fol. 2'11.7-2I): old Coptic incantarion . . i O s i r r : ' : D . l l . l _ i - _ i l ( = f o l . I ' l l . 2 2 - 1 1 ) .a n d E , 1 1 . 5 2 - i Z( = f o l . 2 ' 1 1 . 4 8 - 5 i a n d I 1 1 .1 - 1 1 t : G r e e kp r e s c r i p t i o n s F;, 1 1 . 1 3 - 1 1( = f o l . 2 ' l l . 1 2 - 1 6 ) , G , 1 1 . 1 8 - 8 2 = f o 1 .l ' ] . ] t . 1 1 - 2 1 ) .H , l l . 8 3 - 8 5 ( = f o l . 2 ' 1 1 .2 2 - 2 4 ) , I , l l . 8 6 - 8 7 ( = f o l . 2 ' 1 1 . 2 5 16 . and K. ll. 88-93 (= fol. 2'11.27-32): short Old Coptic spells,introducedby Gieek terts. In line 94 is the beginning of what is by far the most important of the rl-d CoF,ricte-.ts of this papyrus, and the most attractive of the Old Coptic texts r:- i:i::r;.' L. l1 9+-112 = fol. 2'11.33-54 and 2. 11.1-7). The contentsof the text ir- ; r.Ith.r lengthr lore spell embedded in a mythological frame. The topic of ;ne iarier is Osiris'adultery with Nephthys, and the other deities immediately inr oh ed are Isis and Thoth who is here regarded as her fatherT. Three more texts Iollou. r'l,- two Old Coptic love spells that are each concluded by a Greek (= fol.2 ll.8-22), and N + P, ll. 138-146(= fol. 2 11.23renrark: \{. 11.123-13'7 -:1,: and anotherOld Coptic love spell: Q, ll. 147-153 (= fol. 2'11. 32-38). The
i;.rc,R.u.li,tcJ1 hdtteDirgernzudieserschrinenGelegenheiteinenneuenkoptischenDialekt -.'-;':. r'r,.r': ther leider ltatte ich keinen zur Verfugung Der PGM kitJt sich fur diesen Zweck meines -Er.i.lfgr;-i ,,iclt betiit-en, spricht doch hier nach meiner Uberzeugung nicht ein "Kopte", sondern eitt Grieclrc' \ichtsdestoweniger haben hier echte r)gyptische ldiome ihren indirekten Niederschlag gefiuden Moge diese kleine Studie Dein Interesse finden! H ' Thou-eh four lines of magic words were later added I Cf Meyer 1985: 194. r The numbering by letters of the individual texts follows Erman 1883. S e e a b o v e ,n o t e 1 . ' F o r t h i s , s e en o w D u Q u e s n e 1 9 9 1 a ; D u Q u e s n e 1991b. 6 For these, see the overviews in Satzinger 1984: 138-139; Satzinger 1991: 169-1j0. I Cf Krikosy 1963: 125 and n. 14; also Bleeker 1913: 1,15. -

214

H. SATZINGER

remaining texts are all in Greek (except for a short Old Coptic passageinll.12371239) and therefore outside the scope of this study. Actually, it is only the Old Coptic texts in ll. 94-153 that will be considered here. The language and the alphabet of thesetexts (i.e., L to Q) seem to be consistentto a sufficient degree to allow them to be analysed together. This is not true though, of the Old Coptic texts preceding l. 948. The present study is based on a new transcription of the text. It is based primarily on the photographs that accompany Erman's 1883 article. This transcription was collated with the original in the Bibliothdque National in Paris in March 1985. The entire text of ll. 94-153 is given below, including an annotated translation. $ Hce nerluioy r.tnrooy r'rve pe r.r 6cu v e r 6 6 y i ( 9 5 )6 o i 6 e i l r c . x ) . e M p H e6rfic xi 66v Once"Isis camefrom the desertat noon in summer,

o lr ll),BO

I 0 Tt [ r

o1,6H (

dLorn
,109t n

II ITIBC

110r[t r{BeN I

r1 1 1 ) 9 eqoP N n e qI

x ,-. CNII I

ccbn ( ueiq'

anecrcut (96)eooy[r] d eTe6f'r'r 6pr6c ie6e(c. 6e epcire66pt (97)Hclel

[ e ] f 6 o y x i 6 o i 6 r i r r . i e v p f i xe6rs i eciv ( 9 8 )n v . N r e 6 e n r c o o p r r . N e p M o o y
N ICTC

ov

hereyes being full beingb dried up'by dust, of te-ars,d herheartbeingfull of ,igt r.;
Her father, the Great Thoth, came inr unto her.e He askedh her, "What is the matter with you,'my daughterIsis,

fll?'

Tlclr

1 1 1 5 )t 3d" , erKN

(that)you aredried up: by dust,(that)your eyes are full of tears,(that) your heartkis full ofrsishs:
(that) the 'cloth'^ of your garment is smudged by the tears of your eyes! "

i 117)
flK}T ll Me(

6r'r ne63c (99)tueql 6e r.rapoi

nai6yt' neN le6oyr. neNeeo(100) [oyr] naioyr eIeo.^ireNr ap6r dncive

She said to him, "(It is) not my fault,n my father, Baboono Thoth, Baboon Thoth, my father. I have been weakenedp by my female comPanion.q I have found'a secret' (?).'

r6itt eMe( rrcri

IIET

a i r c [ r ] v e( 1 0 1 ) t. . .l+q . 6e (P nev c e N B o q )e c e N K l r K e M e N o Y l c l l P l Verily, (the fact is) Nephthys sleeps'with ( 1 0 2 )t . . . . n l e c o r ' r n 6 e r ' r r a v 6 o y Nevii ne6iq r'r:,c (103) [6e o]yryer.rr6if pe nepdH 're ra,66pr rl[cr] (104)[ner]6e.c Nrq 6e oyver.rr6irpl r'repircr[e] nai6y'r (105)[n.r.n]e99oyr. nenaoo6yr. ilrioyr. a.norc(106)Icbl&f re oy"."il-, n e r 6 e q r . r i c 6 e r < 6 y r . r lr a 6 e p l H c l 8 Cf. Kahle1954: 1242-245.
Osiris, 'he bein-e" my brother. the child of my mother. as I am (too) (?)"1"

rl l 1 )
N6o'

you,u He saidto her: "It is adulteryagainst my daughte Ir sis!" She said to him: "It is adulteryagainst
you, my father, Baboon Thoth, Baboon Thoth, my father! It is a pregnancy of my own ! " He said to her, "Arise, my daughter Isis,

ex6r Tro] r ll-l t

FIHI
. r1l, I l-Jl

TLr: eMe 6e: Nr6 tNK

N (l)(

eqr

AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

215

l131'lc Uld

qpfic r.u.r6 1 0 7 )[ r e e c u r c ] . enevf r.

ol

and go* to the south of Thebes, to the north,' of Abydus.

t{ N).Bq)T

nd the lrce to Coptic

h rc a.t L'd 5trLl

o y 6 l r ( 1 0 8 )[ o y e ] e c r . r H e d v ( r ) N v S o y There isv a coppersmith'there who is called I\ (?)"' Belf, he of Belf,bb 6e6i niq ee,rq ni eea,q r109)rr[a] rl6aa'a,oy6' r.r6vr' nl the one with the bronze feet,"" the one with
the iron heels, to make him producedd for you a double HBeNrfle NITPe iron nail ,. - : ,l I I t e e q q 6 6 o v e r . r p 6 r a with a thick head and a subtle"" leg, with a ' ,q :[ -r -H r c l r . r 6 c '0 . . ^ . ,:, q o P o N i l e B ^ r l c l ( r r l ) [ e j q ) , c r ( l ) o Y iim tip and of light iron.
N ITIBC' N BCN ITTE

l 1 0 t l e r p' l e e M o y r ' _

ru6r'royler

, tranl-'.' I r I sl n . nt2fFd

ilfieq BN ITTI r /-. _ eNrt NMoq eHT

Bring it before me.tr

mn in

ccbn(113) f t y g g 6 r ' rn e c N 6 e r v o y c i p e Dip it in the blood of Osiris. ueiq reNc6ue' Hand it over, and we will appeal
" :-e "T'IC}.TI T

rs full
unto

11-lc r rroy oyir

- i

ecep rbrir
ol ),XCDI

(magically):ss Praise a ... that is spinning, O flameffi that does not sleep above me (?)ii! As tol every flame, every cooking,

. FICKATE

e c . e . r rl r r e e f i r c r H i e e

gith ,
r \OUf III. 13
.

d , n l qr u f e re t c l r e r r e r r 1 1 6 r e o l 3 r e N i e r every sigh, every steaming, every sweatingk errua5.lTo't pHi enne,le6 Ncerr which you will perform insideil this flaming - r - e r e e l r o y p r i TN Q H r ' H n u i o y c e
{'TC C -T\

nt

ls

Tr[],TAKolTt i{FICCIC NIM.

(l tb) Nee^nt

NeH

NNtM'

stove, you will perform it (also) inside-- the heart, the liver, the vagina (?),- the navel, the bellyooof NN. So bringrr her to the houseqqof NN, and she will give what is in her hand to my hand, what is in her mouth into my mouth, what is in her belly into my belly, what is in her female parts onto my male parts quickly, quickly, at once, at once! Rise up to the kings of Alk-hah who tell the future' in Ou-poke ! Arouse any god (after NN) whom NN has bom, and I shall recite it (?)" upon myself and NN whom NN has bom. For I am To ('Earth'?) son of To. I am Pour ('the Great') son of Pour. I am Anubis who bears the glorious crown of Re (and) puts it upon King Osiris,

' hoth.
'Lrm-

r 6 j ' r r i H r ( 1 1 9 )r . r v 6 cf i r . u i i r . r N r v execte uiv l r c r i r r n e r e N (1 2 0 ) r 6 o r c . e r o o r .

g - 9.. nreTilPoJc P(r)rrreTeNxHc exHT lll r nereNecHoy r.rcrv6 eNrHoy

., . rh r i ltll
IIIV

r ro o Y N T . \err rllltrro'rr rrire exeru

': Tlo\ Ho'\'TroYNoY ---" -'.y - l-r i 6o'fl6a. NepcDoy nllxii 6e 4 r,{H r [{ o}'nq) Ke. lrdcr er.royrt NtM eMecte NtM. 'rerr.ycuy6c (125) e6orT ilE\l r'"

r,_tu.

ttnst .t-) . Ll tn

'riri'
,

e F r e c r eN l M . 6e eN rc16 (126)cr NTo ar.r rcn6yp cl rrn6yp r r K . a N o y T Te q | i ( 1 2 1 | n\r</a.ov.

H(l)OY NrTPH

e q ' r r r . r v o q e 6 e r u n e p 6 ( 1 2 8 )o y c f p r

216
nep6 oycep oyeNiBpe i ra, nnecLr (129) r'rnro rH pq

H SATZINGER

King OsirisOnnophris, who hasgiven (?)ttarousinguo to the whole earth, a. Th 6 ereNeLcr NQHr Nrrv' eve(130)cre thatyou may arouse theheartof NN whom , rntroouc NrM. NN hasbom, =\ounJ 6eei6uvr NereNnecAr epor enrv t h a t I m a y k n o w ' uw h a t i s i n h e r h e a r ti n -[her (131)evecre Ntu rel lrnooy ca respect to me (and)to NN whom NN has born, here,** today! TTTCz lU.-i66 ( (132-131 , in Greek:) If a large amountof salivaforms in your mouth as you speak,under- a_. \Iidr standthat sheis distressed and wantsto talk with you; if you yawn frequently.she wants =\oun _ -;; to come to you. But if you sneeze two times or more, she is in good health and is retum- -. Lto( xne ing to where shelives; if you have a headache and are crying, sheis distressed or even t' nT. dying.
.ixi.l! plr.

(138) $ 6oi ern6 rueLce n66i r.rca, r6.r.n6t 6oi(139) enNoyN Ne|-cr r.rocuye.Nce N.).eiN r'r6|-cr (140) ttQH'r r.rnrrc6 cneov. cbn MeNMNeyt (141) r.rel-cr r.rQur r.roycr pr l'rce Hcr' Nelce. (142) r.rnpn r.rce noyoiru. N e l c e w l O H f ( 1 4 3 )r . u . r t M eMecre ttiv. Ncf,.NrM. eMecte NtM.

Riseup ro heaven. ArousePshoy('the High One'?1 aftertheLady. Rise up to the abyss. ArouseThoth after Nabin(?). Arouse the heartsof the two butls, Apis andMnevis. Arousethe heartof Osiris afterIsis. Arousethe heartof the Sun after the light. Arousethehearto NfN w h o m N N h a s b o r n afterNN whomNN hasbom!

(144-146, in Greek:) (Say) these things on behalf of women. But when (you are speaking)about women, then speak, conversely, --- ----^J so as to arousethe females after the males. (147)$ 6e e66rne ecc6. e66rne ecoy6rv e66ne (148) ecl.r rci-r(DT. MeN reoy6 eiene6p eet' Hc (149) lrreneep i[EAr
lrrene6p rrcrHoy r.rreneep (150) rec6ovre r.r6ece rH Kea.l T;.rreep' ilecxoyN (151)ro'iHi
N MINl.MA,I

tr. Tl ..;: ec ;. -\l htrr, :he -:t:3-'0'i r3Fnisi 'J- e rlreoth r-. rhe I la.-k of - T .' : o f'
s

So whethershe drinks,whethershe eats, whethershesleeps with someone eise, I will bewitch her heart and bewitch her heart and bewitch her breath and bewitch her 365 members and bewitch her withdrawing (?)** inner part, whereverI wish,rv until she comes to me and I know what is in her heart, what she does,and of what shethinks quickly, quickly,at once,at once!

?PX h. tl

'-ia-b:

i.o i.\

k.E 1.E

6 a r . r r e c i i p o i r ' r r a , ' i v( r1 5 2 )e n e r e vnecfir 6ec9 oy MeN rTerecygyl epoq (153) e e r ur r 6 r r r r 6 r r r r o y N o y TroYNoY

97, nc[6] the gloss t is preserved. 98, r'r rdrd: what is rendered hereas a gloss r could perhaps also be an accent: ruldre. - 103, ruapdH Te: actually,there is a spacebetweend and u:
N),pe HT.

mli-ne- s Te6e t-rrstle n. I me.s o. I p. I of our

AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

2r'7

Comments
the whole \\ whom

r heart in n \N has

lk. undershe wants 1arerumi or even

'fie

High

ir-rth after

lls. Apis

rhr h-sht. hr;rrbom

I..

\ ou are ilier the

,lni eats,
i.\'.

it;h her nih her '' rnner n hat is

[\I

a. This is not a Cleft Sentence(pace Meyer 1985: 196; 1986: 39) but rather the introductory construction #Noun + ne + Relative Clause# which is a variant of =\oun + rTe + Clause of Circumstance#, and others (cf. Shisha-Halevy 1989: 106). Thel' can be found in various communications; e.9., in businesstexts: rteNrcDT nTcz}.r NnqgHpe NN. BKU III.367; rTKoMec neqczrT N-NN. ... BKU m.-166 (orders of oil and wine, resp.). These constructions can be traced back as far a-s\liddle Egyptian where #Noun + pw + Circumstantial Form# (more rarely =\oun + pv, + Participle#) serve a similar purpose; cf. the introductory wording of 'there was once a man whose rhe EloEtent Peasant, s pw wn(.w), I-Iw-n-jnpw rn.f nf,rne \\'as Kh.', or the Shipwrecked Sailor's first answer to the Serpent (line 89), ' . i , { - p i/' r l - l . A r r r b j ) . . . ' ( w h a t h a p p e n e d i s t h a t ) I h a d s e t o u t t o t h e m i n e s . . . ' . b. The text has here definitely er-, but a clause of circumstance is expected, . ; _ - - c-. 'being covered' is the first guess,this is proba; -Li[hlrugh an erpression for 'to become dry', gtoycuoy. As 0 is represented :,y -:ie ,lueJitrtive of gtooye, :'y o1 m ourte\l in several instances(seebelow, Appendix 2), doy couldhere :i:{-r=nr * 6 o}'oYoY (Stlurl). B form, whereas ,i- exgH br metathesisof epMH, which is the characteristic -.h,e orher dialects have -mie, -m!e. The metathesis mentioned is probably a mistake, a' rhe plural iorm is given without metathesis in line 98 : e p v o oy. Here, again, for B (epvcuoyr, as againstS puerooye, etc.). ia;k of the ! is characteristic 'her e. Lit. eres bein-eunder tears etc.' f. One n'ould expect exoytl or exoyN. _. eprec- probably erroneously for dprec, or rather 6pec ehr6s, SB 'in 'tos'ards her face', front of her' (cf. Griffith 1900: 91). tprc. tfl e?pech. If the /r sigrr is to be taken serious this is an instance of the 2eq- Perfect. i . O n e u o u l d e x p e c te x p o o r ) . x P o . _i. -\fter rlf o= + pronoun, one might expect the First Present,Tedo\, cf. CD '-ia-b: numerous New Testamentexamples can be found in Wilmet 1951: 32-34. k. Erpected forms: eiru or the like. forms: xi or xa. t. Erprected rm. \\-es:eh'thought he could see rrM),NrredeNTco at the beginning of the [nne. >ee Griffith 1900: 91. What I saw in the original resembles a TTMCDNT6NTcJ. though the v seems rather shallow. The present rendering of the trnt lereme by "cloth" is a mere guess. n. Read N2epoT xn (pace Meyer 1985: 196; 1986: 39), lit.'not by reasonof nle . see CD 633a (c). o. For the vocalization of ].Nf,.-, see Fecht 1960: 209-210. p. Read Bana'; see below, Appendix 2, for examples of rendering the 0 sound of our text bv o.

perhaps and u:

218

H, SATZINGER

q. The feminine form of the nisba adjective irj is either *e I pe Ae (in personal name Toerpe, see Osing 1916: I.315; II.463) or *a,pel ar6! (see Osing 1976: I.3I4; II.463). Hence, read probably rl.).per. - Read drucive. r. Read [ruoy)]+cpcpde? - What I saw in the papyrus looked rather like reading 4c;-lede is due to Revillout, see Griffith 1900: 91; cf. ll+qrde.The 'to hide'. An example of S 6: B x is found in the line before, but in this S lcu6e case it is represented by rc. Therefore it is hard to believe that the above reading 'to intrude', or oJx 'thief' may be considered. de may also be is right. S *.ucg regarded as the introductory particle of the following sentence. s. #Proper Name + Clause of Circumstance#, one of the introductory constructions alluded to in note (a). t. ferc n]e-? More letters seem to be needed. u. Taking the phrase as the transformation of an underlying utterance, * o y c r p e ( n e ) n g e t t r : . v e e y r u v v a , T ' O s i r i s a n d I a r e t h e c h i l d r e no f m y 'all m o t h e r ' ( ? ) . C f , e . g , ) . N o N a . e r H p l . r r . r v v a r c Z c u < u Ko r . r of us, and you too' Pistis Sophia (ed. Schmidt) 16,25f. (quoted by Funk 1991: 30 #41). A clause 'while of circumstance,[e pen]eco N . . ., my brother, the son of my mother was with me', is not very probable. forms: ruape or r.repH. v . = N r Z P e , N f , , z P H ;e x p e c t e d w. The conjunctive is to be expected, there is not enough spacefor the longer form r.rre-. Elsewhere in the text, we find both the longer form l.rra- (lines 149 Iterl,I5l) and the shorterforms rl- (lines 124, 150) and reru- (line 113). Also cf. r.rc- (line 119). x. Read ertev ir. y. The forms with an unreduced vowel are characteristicof B (oyo ru ) and F (oY}N1. z. = S oyBecNHr (r.r)2ovl.rr. This is perhapsthe most essentialimprovement of the existing editions and translations of the text that can be presented here. Cf. the following note. aa. The context shows clearly that ee.rq is the coppersmith's name. One is tempted to emend to something like (e)dey6-sic rese neq (ae) (S egeyrcu epoq xe. Note that ayxr rueq Xe), as an archaicequivalentof e<,glyvoyre 'to 'to 'to him was brought'; xr N- (dat.) is fetch for someone', thus would mean lead orbring to someone' (CD'749b, and cf. Late Egyptian andDemotic 1).j n). 'take from him!'. xr N:,q cannot, therefore, be an imperative, 'son of B'. bb. Le., most probably, is an unequivocal plural form. cc. Read rrl Nt-, as deleoyd dd. voyr is SL voyrl r, F voyrc, MooyN r (voyr'r rc in SLFB), see Westendorf 196511971: 95. 519 ee. Qualitativeof gtva. 'To ff. the north' would probably be spelt eexHT or the like. g g . 1 . e .S , r.rrl.rcvve.

pFqq. nr. ss. t{. . ag)-' Te-. ' F,etc

AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

2t9

is a definite noun, it cannot be an apposition to the personal hh. As rrc:.rr/rrcere n s 1 9 7 6 : r r J e f i n i t eo y l K : h e n c ev o c a l i v e .

'to understand' (Crum ii. Erman was the first to equate rclre with B raf rther like nl3a notes two casesof rclf exeN-,'to know about'); if this were right, one t : 9 l ; c f . ",eould Crum 224aregards rc*e expect either KlTr or Kere; cf. clrt/cere. ,utin this i) ihe verb NKorK, NKore'to sleep,to lie down', and comparesthe expression

nfrp. : reading ",,.irh uxuputov &,p,'fl I '" alsobe ii. One is tempted to regard - as a decendentof the Egyptian4eeus-introducrrrr\ l/-. though the latter seemsalready to be extinct in Demotic. kli. This word is puzzling. ot (no trema!) is one of the presentationsof o in Lrn- COnrhis text, see below. This is confirmed by the gloss, cu. Thus, the word seemsto r-present a noun bo1h. This is not a likely Coptic form. Identification with 'sweat' (so already Griffith 1900: 90) is a likely guess: Iierance, .-(qcure. BcDTe, B qcuf n of my hoth the indication of a glottal stop and that of a final h may be overcorrections .ind you ti a Greek-speaker(to whom both sounds are alien). \ clause ll Read pH i hre!. 'in' (also in lines lll-121,123) which nrnr. \ote the frequent use of eru, r'r, ru rher was 1>r rlther archaicfeature; 6n, 6xer'r, 6er.r ben is found in lines 1'I3, l2l,153. lacks an initial l.r-, it is probably parallel to nn. -\lthough nrc:.rr.rcotrl " h e a n ' . ' l i v e r ' , ' n a v e l ' , a n d ' b e l l y ' . T h e f e m a l e s e x u a lp a f i s m a y b e e x p e c t e d e longer n e s 1 4 9 rn this enumeration, and such a taboo expression is likely not to be attested j , Also trrherwise. The word in question may be a reduplicated *rcure. For the pre.tress vocalization rlr:.- cf. above, note n. For an etymology, cf. hieroglyphic .ir. with the same meaning; actually, a derivative form has to be assumed that preserved the t, lost otherwise since the end of the Old Kingdom (but cf. also and F 'womb, vagina', from hieroglyphic idt.). The word 5 oore. ore . Tore, etc., nproveK).T:'Korrr reminds one of the strangeooptlKotrlv in Dioscorus' Greek-Coptic esented glossary u'here it is said to mean the same as ru6qopoq and rarqoq (gloss rx)e(rpoq) = rcenrpoq), viz. fir(rx. The editors deduce from the context that "we have here some hitherto unknown slang use of the word", which is otherwise One is 'the 'the womb' sparrow' but thought to mean here ).)'xc.) recorded only in the sense 'memto mean entries seem rBell-Crum 1925: 205-206). As the following three e Nrq (r Ne,q and its alleged Greek equivalents may as well be words for brum virile', xlx 'r 'to agina'. thus oo. Le., nth gloss nthO : ii1 n). p p . L e . ,S x e a n t n e . qq. See Griffith 1900: 92 for Demotic parallels for the use of the plural of H I. rr. Read (er) de unl,lit.'who speaktruth'. 'to say, pronounce upon'. Westss. See CD 442b for reyo= exN-, tt. i could be the very rare perfect participle form, S a2-, non-literary Theban egr-. For this, cf. CD 24a (Ep 544); Roquet 1918: 537 (#7-8); then, ra is for T-, t-, or, if absolute state is assumed(omitting the following N-), B (etc.) ro, F (etc.) r>,.

H SATZINGER

uu. Readnehsi,as in the following. For the useof similarft signsin otherold Coptictexts,seethe surveyin Satzinger1991: 1i3. vv. Readd e eT (e)ev v r (N-) or similar (Third Furure). ww. reT is, of course, SB r.rT (paceMeyer1985: l9i;1986: 40); seeGriffith 1900:92. xx. Read(e)royHi (S -oye, infinitive). yy. 152 wv:.ruevei'in (any) placeI like', as Erman 1883: 106 sensed already. see alsoHaardt196311964:98; satzinger l9l5:43 for ).M)., as arelative form. cf. in Middle Egyptian,m swt.f nbt mrt.f in all his placeswhich he may like' (prospective relative form, see Polotsky 1976: 13) Cffin Texts VII.128d.The phrase may be a contracted r.r va rurv :,v.1,[. I want to repeat an opinionexpressed on otheroccasions (Satzinger 1984: r45: Satzingerl99r: 171): it seemsvery natural to assume that the writer of the text was not a native speakerof Coptic but rather a Greek-speaker. The text presents more than one idiom. This can be seenmost clearly wherea word showsa differentform when beingrepeated: Trorr rrf,.Te l. 122: or whereit is glossed in a different form: rlclrr, gloss rtcer l. ll4; MN-,glossnev- l. 101.One of the idiomsinvolvedis obviouslyvery closeto B. Hereare somerelevant forms (in the orderof their occurrence): lack of r in (ie)deN,c l.1.96; lack of ! in eM pH 1.9l andNepMooy l. 98 (see above, note(d)); (n)erva(eooyr). l. 99; (s r r v ) r l . 1 0 0 ; N e v l . 1 0 1 ;r u e v a = T l .1 0 2 ;T s r y N r l . 1 0 6 ; min rcftlue/glos o y o N - 1 . 1 0 7 :d ' e . l a o y d ' 1 . 1 0 9 ;l a c k o fz i n o v r . l . 1 0 9 ;u t = j l . 1 1 3 ;p H r l. 116.lll; unl l. 123;lack of initiale- in cuoy l. l2j; eievvl (S erve, e r M M ,F a v e ; M t M e ; A v v e ; L e r v e , v v e ; F ( e ) l v r ; B e u l ; c f .W e s tendorf 49+504): rce.a.r 1. 150. In respectto phonology,note in particularthat thereis a b [x] sound,spelledx, which corresponds to B y, but not to A g (see doid 5oi5 ll. 94.97 whichis B cgutr<g, A geerg). The other dialectal componentseemsto be an amalgamof L, M, and also F (cf. nrer, alsonree/gloss(r.rre)r l. 115).Hereareformswithnon-Bcharacteristics: eov l. 95; epr6c l. 96; rdre/gloss (rer)r l. 98. neleclgloss (rred)a,(c) 1 . 9 8 ; e r , r1 . 9 9 ; r . r K ) . T K le . 101; veru- l. 101; veoy l. 102; r v v e o y / g l o s( sN v ) . r , ( o yl). 1 0 8 ;M o y r ' 1 . 1 1 0 ;6 o o v e l . l l l ; p e r = B l . 1 1 1 ; enai/glosse(ruaT) l. lI21' ronr/gloss (r)e(nr) l. ll4; Toor, l. I2I: erurcl. 1 2 5 ;o y e r ' r e e p e1 .1 2 8 ;r e i l . 1 3 1 ;d r n d t l . 1 3 8 ;c N g e y l . 1 4 0 .
Although the text was often described as being some kind of s, there is not a single element that can be explained by S only; e.g., Toor' is also L; 6ov may be an amalgam of l, e?f,,M, and :.2ov which may be both S and B. At any rate, none of the idioms involved has any particular affinity to A. This is the more remarkable as the papyrus is said to have been acquired at Thebes. Later non-literary texts from this place show very sfong influence of an A substratum and one may assume that it was part of the A speaking area.

'.arrire i':t'

AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

221

Appendix I various ft signs and how ft sounds are rendered Use of ; seeGrif
( r u - ) e p o i9 9 encr ve 100, r . r c r v e1 2 1 eneur,r 107 PHill7 ur 152 eprec 96 irex 100 r.repdH103 r.rapirc 104 ( r . r - ) d v r1 0 9 (N-)irpe 110 eF.'r 172, Ar 130 Hdoyrur 121 r.a.xii 123 e6'rnc 95, 6t'nc 148 Neclr 128 Netci 129, l3gbi" l4l rueLce 138, t4r,742 yx94
(tt)eH 118
.,TX

b=b(rb>5)
neep 150

others

,as a relaces which

ffin Texts
984: 145; f the text t presents rws a dif;lossedin 101.One ant foms ck of i in a(?) .r').1. 99; r l. 106; l13;pui S elve, cf. Wesrrlar that A 2 (see d also F ractenseclgloss ,1. lO2; r l. 111; .r,ru r- l. rs not a oM may rny rate, he more 'non-litand one

6ov 95 edu 91, 175 ea.cbe115 N6cr 124

j^94 e6yru 96 epd 96 eN 113 ne6p 148, l4gfu ipoi 151

- E r1 2 6

edn 153

1 plus' or

with e or Q

eyen 122 1oyr.r150 xei-rn 9'7 ft>,94 -eN1fic120 ey{r 72O e16n 121 e.a.1ii 123 elooyr 96,ggbk, (r.r)eea,nittg 105r'" -$nr II7, 129, (N-)BH 118 r40, l4r, r42 0 Neeecu 101
[oye]ecn He dv(r) 108

with e or Q plus or

ifoir

149

]/

222

H. SATZINGER

Appendix 2 The o sounds

Coptic o S a,M o spelled c) e,ecur 107 (gloss or) ecrcr-roy 112 ea,<us115 rcor 95 (gloss oy) (-rc)<ure, gloss, 115 yr:o= 120 (bls; gloss o), 123 ccon 772 cun, apis 140 d a=, 4a= 171, ll4 (gloss or) ( e ) c u o r ( e ) , g l o s s ,I 1 6 ( i f = qcure)

oY toyr 99, 100, 104,105; gloss (r)oy(r) 94 97oy (if = <goycuoy) 94, 97.

or9

o eo^, 100 (p)o(=), gloss 120 (bis)

(.r,s)o r(r), gloss, 107 edorrre 74'7 \ter) -rorrl 117 (gloss <ure) oyotu 747 dor 125, gloss (a)or= 174 sorore116 (gloss<ucu)(if = qcure)

S <o, A (L) oy

*a.<ocude101 Neeo<u 101 <u 105(glossoy) [<b]<ur106(gloss [o]o) derr<u 98 rcuoyruI 106 t:-oye 129(= Greekform) aoy 127

oy, gloss, 105

co10 147 tdlo(r), gloss, 106

ln S ooy, B <ooy

epvooy 98 eooYT p.zsstm ooYNT rzl

tn S oer, B <uI

ndoi

138

dolt 138

r@
b

ltu lF
e or probablyrendersa vowel of an g or 6 sound; cf. orgrr (= S spn), BM 441,no. 1063 (seeVycichl 1983: 54b, alsocf. p. 52 s.v.h). 10westendorf ( 196511977 : li5) gives co asM form (and as "Ak" form, which is obviously this passage);after Quecke's (1974: 88 n. 10) comment, he adds his reference,viz. Kasser 7964 (seeWestendorf196511977:536). (sr Severalinstances of the expected M form c<u can be found in the M Matthewgospel(seeSchenke 1981: 169).

IfE rN(1 TEZ

m(( &
5F: tsr rth

AN OLD COPTTCTEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

223

Appendix 3 Analysis of the glossesll

a: i<aril(ila(pi) lla -eloss qr: -ioV(-i)ou(t) 95; mento/(ment)ou glox*:s 105 giurs o: thsldV([G)o]o(t) 106; ros/(r)o(s) 120, rdi7(r)o(i) 120 gfimsoi: abot/(ab)oi(t)lO7; ai;oil (ad)oi(i) 114 gtcss d: boioitly'(b)00(th) 116 ; karakoiti/(katak)ote 117 giloss a: pe5es/ (pe5)a(s) 98; nmeou/(nm)e(ou) 108 114,esati/(e)sete 115 ,rloss e: tisaty'tisete f final- 'nstressed), gloss -i: dse/(Es)i 94,97; kime/(kim)i 100; nibe/(irib)i 115 bis (nibi ibid- ter): maouse/(maous)i 117 tfrnal- rmstessed), gloss -e: katakoiti/(katak)ote ll7; herpil(help)e llg; s(h)imi/ rs(h)imE12l tmftial unsrressed). gloss a-: enai/a(nai)ll2; ehomla(hom)l15
o'147 ilo(r), oss.106

!o^ 100 p'o(=), gloss LlO (brs)

tftt|ef llE:

urits:
,xooy 98 ,oYT pasI

101; nem/men125 (ct. men 148, 152) 5e)or (e)S)au(Se5i 5e)(?) 108 ))s)au(50 114,115.

ryHr 121 lol 138

)t 1J6

Bibliography

,A'rn-A(Aziz s.) 1991 (ed.), The coptic Encyclopedia.vol. g. New york: Macmillan PublishingCompany. Bnr (H. I.) - CRrrM (W.E.). A Greek-CopticGlossary.Aegyprus6, 177_226. BErz Glans Dieter) 1986 (ed.), The Greek Magical papyri in TranslationIncluding the Demotic Spells.Chicago-London:The University of Chicagopress. Brexm (c.J.) 1913.Hathor and rhoth. Two Key Figuresof the Ancient Egyptian Relieion Studiesin the History of Religions (Supplements to Numen) 24. (ference) 1991a.A Coptic Initiatory Invocation (PGM M-25). Oxfordshire Dr"QL'Esl,e Communications in Egyptology II. nA;esxr (Terence)1991b.Supplemenr to ACoptic Initiatory Invocation(pGM N l-25). Discussions in Egyptology 20, 5-18.oxfordshire communicationsin Egyptology II. EtrrcN (Adol0 1883.Die iigyptischen Beschwdrungen desgroBenpariserzaubirpapyrus. AZ Zt, 89-109;Taf. III-V. _ no. 1063 Frcrrr (Gerhard) 1960. Wortakzent und Silbenstruktur.Untersuchunsen zur Geschichte der iigyptischen sprache.Agyprologische Forschungen 21. Gickstadt-Hamburgriouslythis New York: J.J.Augustin. rsser 1964
)und in the
rI There is no gloss beyond line 125.

224

H. SATZINGER

Fuxr (Wolf-Peter) 1991. Formen und Funktionen des interlokutiven Nominalsaizesin Philologie et linguistique3, den koptischenDialekten.Languesorientalesanciennes. t - 75 . (Francis Llewellyn) 1900.The Old CopticMagicalTextsof Paris.AZ 38, 85-93. GRrnrtrH Gntpprru(FrancisLlewellyn) 1901a.The Date of the Old Coptic Texts and their Relation A239,'78-82. Coptic. to Christian (Francis Lleweltyn) 1901b.The Old Coptic MagicalTexts of Paris.AZ 39, 86. Gzupprru Hea.npr (Robert) 1948. Versuch einer altkoptischenGrammatik (Dr. phil. Dissertation, University of Vienna). Ha.qRrr (Robert) 1963|1964.ResidualeRelativformen im Altkoptischen. Wiener Zeit59/60,95-98. schriftfiir die KundedesMorgenlandes Keur-s (Paul E.) 1954.Bala'izah.Coptic Texts from Deir el-Bala'izahin UpperEgtpt. Acta -\rchaeologica of the Thot-cultin RomanE-e1'pt. KArosv (Ldszl6)1963.Problems AcademiaeScientiarumHungaricum 15, 123-128:reprint: Studia Aegl'ptiaca7. 1981,4l-46. au DictionnaireCopte de Crum. Bibliothdque KessEn(Rodolphe)1964. Compl6ments VII). Le Caire. d'EtudesCoptes and StrucMsyeR (Marwin W.) 1985.The Love Spell of PGMIy.94-153: Introduction Congress of Coptic Studies,Hsgr. Tito ture. In: Acts of the SecondInternational Wisse, Roma: CentroItaliano Microfiches, 1985, 193-201. Orlandi-Frederic (Marwin W.) 1986.In: Betz 1986. MevEn Papiri della Universitit OnrlNrr (Ttto) 1914. Lettere di San Paolo in copto-ossirinchita. degli Studidi Milano. Milano: IstitutoEditorialeCisalpino"La Goliardica". ln: du verbe en 6gyptienclassique. Pororsry (Hans Jakob) 1916.Les Transpositions 6. Tel-Aviv University. IsraelOrientalStudies in: Orlandi1974:87-108. I1 dialetto, QurcrE (Hans)1974. BIF\O (e)tah-et 1es coptesde Kalabcha. Roeusr (G6rard)1978.Le morphdme -sraffites 78,533-s39. In: Joumaloithe -\merican Serznrcnn(Helmut) 1975.The Old Coptic Schmidtpapyrus. Centerin Egypt 12,37-50,pl. XIl. Research Texte als Zeugnisseder Beziehun-een SarzncsR. (Helmut) 1984. Die altkoptischen Griechenund Kopten im zwischenAgyptern und Griechen.In: Graeco-Coptica. WissenschaftHalle-Wittenberg. Agypten (Martin-Luther-Universitiit byzantinischen 48), 131-146. Beitrtige liche (Helmut) 1991.Old Coptic.In: Atiya 1991,169-175 SerzrNceR Dialekt im minelagl'ptischen ScHeNrn(Hans-Martin)1981. Das Matthrius-Evangelium (Codex Akademie-Verlag. Berlin : Scheide). desKoptischen to Its Slntax Prole-eomena (Ariel) 1989.The ProperName: Structural SHlsna-H,q.Lsvv A CaseStudy in Coptic. Beihefte zur Wiener Zeitschrift fiir die Kunde des Mor-senlandes15.Wien: VWGO. Vyctcur- (Wemer) 1983.Dictionnaire6tymologiquede la languecopte.Leuven' von Paris und London. Kaiserliche Zauberpapyrus Wpssst-y(Karl) 1888. Griechische 362,21-208. zu Wien, Denkschriften, Akademieder Wissenschaften 6crits >ur Les plus anciensmonumentsdu christianisme Wpssr,r-y(Karl) 1908/1924. 1. 4, 95-210; 18, 341-51 Orientalis papyrus. Patrologia Heidelberg:Carl \\-rnterHandwijrterbuch. (Wolfhafi) 196511911 . Koptisches WnsrsNDonF Universitdtsverlag. (Michel) 1957. Concordancedu Nouveau Testamentsahidique.II. Les mots W111vtpr Orientalium173. Subsidia 1. a-r.r. Corpus ScriptorumChristianorum autochtones. 11. Louvain.