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3) Engineering Control.
eg. enclosures, modification, etc.
4) Administrative Control.
eg. production schedule to limit daily exposure, rotation of workers, etc
Substitution
metal gear with plastic gear roller conveyor with belt conveyor pneumatic tools with hydraulic tools single nozzle with dual nozzle gear drives with belt drives
Vibration
Air Turbulence
Original
Modified
Negative pressure
Positive pressure
Forward movement
Elimination of pure tone by s strip of metal round chimney with varying pitch.
Original
Proposed
Chamber stored air discharged and regulates air discharge at low velocity larger discharge area.
Silencers
1 Absorptive or dissipative e.g. lined duct, cylindrical attenuator, plenum chamber 2 Reactive or reflective e.g. expansion chamber, cavity resonator 3 Dispersive or diffusive e.g. air shroud, restrictive, multiple-jet
Types of Silencer
Attenuator / Silencer
Double diffraction
Original
Modified
30 0.2 23 0.5 27
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Attenuating Material e.g. sheet metal, concrete, brick, glass to reflect the incident noise
Transmission Loss (TL)
The no of dB by which sound energy is reduced by transmitting through an attenuating material TL = 20 dBA Example:
90 dBA 70 dBA
TL = 20 log (f w) - 48
f is the frequency c/s w is the surface density kg/m2 TL by 6 dB if frequency is doubled TL by 6 dB if thickness is doubled
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Absorbing Materials
Absorption Coefficient - e.g. fibrous glass, polyurethane, rock wool to absorb the incident sound energy
Barrier or Shield
max noise reduction (NR) = 15 to 20 dBA
source
receiver
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Room Treatment
noise reduction often < 7 dBA only reflected noise is reduced, not direct noise good for room with many noisy machines at best is like removing the walls noise reduction is at some distance from the machine
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Room Treatment
Adding sound absorbing materials to the inner surfaces will reduce the reflected noise
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Opening Gap
1 TL = 1`0 log10
door = 10 3 , gap = 1 av =
A1 A door + 2 gap A A 3 5 ( )1 = (1)10 + 2500 = 3x10 3 1 TLav = 10 log av = 25 dB
or
= 10 TL / 10
30 2 27 5 25 1 33
40 2 30 5 27
Generator set
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Generator set
Preventing short circuit Barrier to rain
Turning Plate
Enclosure
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Strategy of Control
1st control the highest dBA source Next control the next highest dBA source,etc Consider the surrounding noise sources Consider the background dBA
Procedures of Control
1 2 3 4 5 6 Identification of sources Ranking of sources Establish design criteria Determine the NR required Selection of control options Installation / fabrication
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