Plants and Machineries

Bar-Bending Machine:
Bar Bending is usually done manually as well as by using the bar-bending machine ain
the site. In the manual method, the
foreman gives the worker a sketch,
which shows how the bar has to be bent.
A wrench is used to bend the bar. Nails
are driven into a long piece of wooden
battens at specific distances. These
distances are equal to the distance at
which the bar has to be bent. It takes
almost a minute to bend a bar into its
specified shape if done manually.

Bar Cutting Machine:

Bar-cutting machines are deployed at the site. Several no. of bars can be cut at a time
using a bar- cutting machine. The use of the bar-cutting machine saves a lot of time and
hence, ensures the quick progress of the work.

D.G.: D.G. sets available at the site for providing energy supply are-
• D.G. set (125 KVA Sr. No. 02-04)
• D.G. set (125 KVA Dept.)
• D.G. set (110 KVA Sr. No. 01-02)
• D.G. set (82.5 KVA)
• D.G. set (75 KVA Sr. No. 01-02)
Concrete Pumps:
A wide variety of pumps are available for
placing concrete. These pumps can handle
all kinds of mixes and can pump up to 125
cu. yd per hour. Recommended pumping
discharges vary from 250 to 2000 ft.
horizontally and from 75 to 400 ft.
vertically. These pumps may be mounted on
trucks, trailers or skids. Hydraulically
operated and articulated booms come in
various lengths up to nearly 100 ft. Pumps
are also sometimes classified in the way of
functioning – piston, pneumatic, squeeze
type.

Tower Cranes:
These are perhaps the most generally useful crane for
building. It is designed specifically for building and
the only type capable of distributing materials over the
whole plan area of a tall building. In the popular
models, jibs are from 12 to 30m long from 500 kg to
1500 kg, handling capacity at extreme reach.

Specifications of tower crane:

Types:
Stationery (foundation/anchoring)
Mobile (Mounted on rail)
Load Capacity (max): 5 to 100 ton at point of
articulation.
Load Capacity (min): 0.5 to 10 ton at extreme point or tip of jib.
Radius or Covering Area: 20 to 100 m2; 65m (of jib length, generally used in this
construction field)
Height: Adjustable from ground level to 200m and above. It has self erecting capacity.
Tower crane is a modern form of balance crane. Fixed to the ground (or “jacked up” and
supported by the structure as the structure is being built), tower cranes often give the best
combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall
buildings. To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is often
braced on to the completed structure which normally the concrete lift shaft in the centre
of the building. A horizontal boom is balanced asymmetrically across the top of the tower.
Its short arm carries a counter weight of the concrete blocks, and its long arm carries the
lifting gear.

The crane operator either sits in a cabin at the top of the tower or controls the crane by
radio remote control from the ground, usually standing near the load. In the first case the
operator’s cabin is located at the top of the tower just below the horizontal boom. The
boom is mounted on a slewing bearing and is rotated by means of slewing motor. The
lifting hook is operated by a system of sheaves.

Transit mixer:
A concrete mixer (also commonly known as a cement mixer) is a device that
homogenously combines cement, aggregates such as sand or gravel, and water to form
concrete. A typical concrete mixture uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For
smaller volume work potable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be
made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it
hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete or cement by hand. This is
usually done in a wheelbarrow; however several companies have recently begun to sell
modified tarps for this purpose.

Today’s market increasingly requires consistent homogeneity and short mixing time for
the industrial production of a ready mix concrete, and more so for precast/pre-stressed
concrete. This has resulted in new technologies for concrete production. Worldwide,
therefore twin-shaft batch mixers are becoming more important for high quality concrete
production. They introduce very high turbulence into the mix and achieve about 95%
homogeneity at only around only 30 seconds mixing time per batch.

Special concrete transport trucks (in-transit mixer) are made to transport and mix
concrete from a factory/plant to the construction yard. They are charged with dry
materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transportation. (Although more,
modern plants load the truck ‘ready mixed’ concrete. With this purpose, the material has
already been mixed, and then is loaded into the truck. The ready mix truck maintains the
materials liquid state, through agitation, or turning of the drum, until delivery). The
interior of the drum on a concrete truck is fitted with the spiral blade in one rotation
direction, the concrete is pushed deeper into the drum. This is the direction the drum is
rotated while the concrete is being transported to the building site. This is called
“charging” the mixer. When the drum rotated in the other direction, the Archimedes
screw-type arrangement “discharges”, or forces the concrete out of the drum.